Part VI MANUFACTURING

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Chapters:
23. Product Design and CAD/CAM in the Production System
24. Process Planning and Concurrent Engineering
25. Production Planning and Control Systems
26. Just-In-Time and Lean Production

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 Manufacturing Support Systems
in the Production System

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 Ch 23 Product Design and CAD/CAM
in the Production System

Sections:
1. Product Design and CAD
2. CAD System Hardware
3. CAM, CAD/CAM, and CIM
4. Quality Function Deployment

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 Manufacturing Support Systems

The procedures and systems used by a firm to manage its

production operations and solve the technical and logistics
problems associated with:
▪ Designing the products,
▪ Planning the processes,
▪ Ordering materials,
▪ Controlling work-in-process as it moves through the
plant, and
▪ Delivering quality products to customers

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
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 The Design Process

The general process of design is characterized as an

iterative process consisting of six phases:
1. Recognition of need - someone recognizes the need that
can be satisfied by a new design
2. Problem definition - specification of the item
3. Synthesis - creation and conceptualization
4. Analysis and optimization - the concept is analyzed and
redesigned
5. Evaluation - compare design against original specification
6. Presentation - documenting the design (e.g., drawings)

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Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
The Design Process

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

Any design activity that involves the effective use of the

computer to create, modify, analyze, or document an
engineering design
▪ Commonly associated with the use of an interactive
computer graphics system, referred to as a CAD system
▪ The term CAD/CAM is also used if the computer system
supports manufacturing applications as well as design
applications

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 Reasons for Using a CAD System

▪ To increase the productivity of the designer

▪ To expand the available geometric forms in design - wider
range of mathematically defined shapes possible
▪ To improve the quality of the design - more engineering
analysis possible, consideration of more alternatives
▪ To improve design documentation - better drawings than
with manual drafting
▪ To create a manufacturing database - creation of the
design documentation also creates manufacturing data
▪ To promote design standardization - use of design rules to
limit the number of hole sizes, fasteners, etc.
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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
The Design Process
Using CAD

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 How a CAD System is Used
in Product Design (Steps 3 - 6)
3. Geometric modeling
▪ CAD system develops a mathematical description of
the geometry of an object, called a geometric model
4. Engineering analysis
▪ Mass properties, interference checking for
assemblies, finite element modeling, kinematic
analysis for mechanisms
5. Design evaluation and review
▪ Automatic dimensioning, error checking, animation
6. Automated drafting
▪ Preparation of engineering drawings quickly

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 Geometric Models in CAD

Wire-frame model

Solid model

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
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 CAD System Hardware

The hardware for a typical CAD system consists of the

following components:
1. One of more design workstations
2. Digital computer
3. Plotters, printers, and other output devices
4. Storage devices

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 Typical CAD System Configuration

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 Design Workstations

The interface between the computer and the user in the CAD
system
▪ Functions:
1. Communicate with the CPU
2. Continuously generate a graphical image
3. Provide digital descriptions of the image
4. Translate user commands into operating functions
5. Facilitate interaction between the user and the system

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 CAD System Configurations

1. Host and terminal

▪ Mainframe serves as host for graphics terminals
▪ The original configuration in the 1970s and 1980s
when CAD technology was first developing
2. Engineering workstation
▪ Stand-alone computer system dedicated to one user
▪ Often networked for sharing data and plotters
3. CAD system based on a personal computer
▪ PC with high-performance CPU and high resolution
graphics display monitor
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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 Host and Terminal Configuration

▪ Original CAD system configuration in 1970s and 1980s

▪ Host computer is a mainframe or large mini computer
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 Engineering Workstation Configuration

▪ An engineering workstation is a stand-alone computer

system dedicated to one user and capable of executing
graphics software and other programs requiring high-
speed computational power

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 CAD System based on a PC

▪ This is a personal computer with a high-performance CPU

and high resolution graphics display screen
▪ PC-based CAD systems can be networked (as shown) to
share files, output devices, and for other purposes

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 Computer-Aided Manufacturing

The effective use of computer technology in manufacturing

planning and control
▪ Most closely associated with functions in manufacturing
engineering, such as process planning and NC part
programming
▪ CAM applications can be divided into two broad
categories:
1. Manufacturing planning
2. Manufacturing control

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 CAM Applications in
Manufacturing Planning

▪ Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)

▪ Computer-assisted NC part programming
▪ CAD/CAM assisted NC part programming
▪ Computerized machinability data systems
▪ Computerized work standards
▪ Cost estimating
▪ Production and inventory planning
▪ Computer-aided assembly line balancing

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 CAM Applications in
Manufacturing Control

▪ Process monitoring and control

▪ Quality control
▪ Shop floor control
▪ Inventory control
▪ Just-in-time production systems

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 CAD/CAM

▪ Concerned with the engineering functions in both design

and manufacturing
▪ Denotes an integration of design and manufacturing
activities by means of computer systems
▪ Goal is to not only automate certain phases of design
and certain phases of manufacturing, but to also
automate the transition from design to manufacturing
▪ In the ideal CAD/CAM system, the product design
specification residing in the CAD data base would be
automatically converted into the process plan for
making the product
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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing

▪ Includes all of the engineering functions of CAD/CAM

▪ Also includes the firm's business functions that are related
to manufacturing
▪ Ideal CIM system applies computer and communications
technology to all of the operational functions and
information processing functions in manufacturing
▪ From order receipt,
▪ Through design and production,
▪ To product shipment

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No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, w ithout permission in w riting from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
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 The Scope of CAD/CAM and CIM

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 Computerized Elements
of a CIM System

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