niTp-m”U3n~m ’

Foundations of Geometry

MA 333
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un; 1 un¶d3 I
1.1 3

1.2 19

1.3 25

1.4 32

1.5 40

1.6 . 44

1.7 49

1.8 57<

65
69

74

81
100

107

113

114

125

148

163

165

1 7 9
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3
4
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61 a=4,b=3
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A
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J--T-l
E, IF

1 I I I I I I
n -B
1

A B G A B J
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5.

6.

7.
93
94
95
97
98
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1 0 0
101
1 0 2
 lb3

&S&J A O A B = AOCD

l.Kc <OBA =<CCD

 104

8 5

III
5 IV

13 <mg
b :11
I
8 13
~---
8 5 -
1 0 5
 106

0
 107
,

3 . 3 zi=rmlLil~~aumfrl (Hilbert’s Axias f o r Fculideau Gemetry)

108
109
110
 111

A , E B
e--------t---+--- -*.- - __.. -.+---4----.---- -......-.....)
 4.1

4.2

4.3

dl¶“~

I.
125
.-A
P
R
N B

U
1 T
>-'-'--_---:;
Q S
 142

‘$ 4 . 2 1
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5.4 n%rm ( Dual i ty )

m <. * . ) . -*.. .^.. -* ..__ . . . *. .>

187
 r--_-_--------,

I I

IG _____-_ --- ---I

7f 5 . 2 1
 1 9 4

5.6 $LH&Llh% (Perspective Figures)

 202

5,&i 5.30 s,¶G 5.31

 208

II. MA= 1.. o~f.tfd~~u mij

Ijk”ijm 1Jn

m. Ma= m. o$Jup P.. l

I.ikymi.im 1.h 15
riianfh bh
 213

- - m 134
pl:ip14 = m134’ ‘23’24 = m234’
tta= n m234 = ‘34; ’

- -
uaz. m n m235 = PQ5;
p1 3p15 = m135’ ‘%Qp2C, q m235’ 235

l?hIiiG {PQ4,P35’P45) ZiqJ 5 . 3 5 MB::

m345

%5P P P
P*3p14p15 n 23 24 25
1.

2.
3~
4.

5.
6.

7.

H.

!I.

1Q.
 215

5.9 5,ti N-~~ih1&1%l‘XU%l (Simple Plane N-Points f

PPPP
1 2 3 4
216
217
 iimr7lm77rGuii 5.9

A = ‘p19p15” i, B q ‘PlsP24n
?P
24 25 15 25
C-P D = g,,n q
1 3 14 n p,z’\
219
 2 2 0

5.10 nrruhaunJ’lw%~;rf~ (Projective Transformations)

 223

*I O2
A B C = AIBIC’ =
A
A’B’C’
,.

&&%.I A B C - A ’ B ’ C ’
*

$Gi 5.44
 A.!4
LLR3.Mm ABC - A'B'C'
n
 223

ABC = A2B2C2 -A A'B'C'

I
2 2 4
 225

uaya 02 $4 O2 f! m tta:: 02 f m2 t&J

1
dh A2,B2,C2 IJU m2 ??I%;
:
O2
A B C
1 1 1 f *lBICl

Ol
R S T f RISITl

4.2 L&l-yi 0 'UUS~III RST ~a=nf~%~@h&~ 4_ 1

2 2
LHBWI R2S2T2 ?fl%

O2
q R2S2T2
RISITl ,.

5. n”*i~9nsaufti=i a%.tui 4 th& 1 L m tta:: ?I\%

1 m2

ml m2
= R2S2T2
lETT I Rls,Tl ,.
 2 2 6

5.11 &&ao4m?~l*lGid (Postulate of Projectivity)

227
228
2 2 9
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 2 4 3

* +l
F S T

c ~ 1
S T R

c *l
T R S
 250

6.3 nl~ki%Aao4l%tmEt4~ (Interseci.im of Sets of Points)

.XI
, .:

,‘,., ,
;

A
I.1
251
2 5 2
2 5 3
2 5 4
 Y . . /
/’

IIR
2 5 6
257
258
 - - - -_-_--- ---------,
I: i3.r s 1
c A +
I
&--_-v-w--- _ _ - - - - - -I
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(1) (3) (4) (5)

(2)

$i 6.46
 Tl

incidence
di Iation
perspwt i ve transformat i on
projective transformation
identity transformation
proof by contradiction
%ITI)PY~~Y’IPI I&U indirect proof URZ
rcducti o ad absurdum proof
tram 1 at i on
congruence

mclpp i ne
correspondence
perspwt j ve correspondence .
projcxztive correspondence
assumpt i on
construction
synthes i s

deduct. i ve resoni ng
I
 2 7 3

paral lcl

inscribe
circumscribe

statement

pole

naiuk&s~u Wa'llJL&~GsJpuY contradiction

point
exterior point

interior point.

diagonal points
end - point
inverse point

invariant point; ideal point

vertex

co1 I inew
ordinary point

: 1.
 2 7 4

intersect
transverse
projwtive invariant.

sphere
or t.ah edron
i cczrthedron
sol id
dcxlcrahwlrcn
tetrbthedrcn
hexuhodron
pal yllc!clroxl

converse
ccnut.ruct. i CM
 I
2 7 5

complete
I reg i on
bisect

proposition
spac!c
Euc: 1 i dean space
3 space
volume
problem
c lostd
unique
transforln

theory
theorem
existence theorem
dual i ty
planar duality
space dual i ty
decimal
coincide
topo1 ogy
2 7 6

a nverse
un i cm

projec?ctivn
transform
reverse
/

embed; inbed

parabola
coordinate
perspective
projection

pole
 2 7 7

1,

section
conic section
regular conic; nondegenerate conic
image I

projec$
exterr+
,
inter&al
condition
perspectivity
projectivity

SJWl-J%i~JP1, SJ'~Gl=Jl, dlfla scale

dimension
bound.4
<aIlg1e
right angle
strai&t angle
compound angle
complementary angle
supplementary angle
obtuse angle
summit angles
alternate angle
included angle
acute angle
2 7 8

coaxal ; coaxirk
coplanar
co1 1 incar
plane
p2sal lel planer;
plane section
penci 1 of points
pent i 1 of 1 ines
penci 1 of planes
equ i d i stant
radius
figure
circumscribed
space figure
planr figure
i nsc r i hcd
triangle
s i m i l a r t.rianglcs
seal ene t r i a n g l e
right triangle
qundri lateral
quadran~l e
squarc ( Il. 1

park1 1 rl ofp-am

rwtangl e
perspect i ve figures
polygon
n-con
finite geometry
 279

circle
circular
analytic
analyse
clock-wise
counter-clockwise

century
zero
centre
center of perspectivity

element
map (v.)
correspond
intercept
Dedekind cut, Dedekind secLion
postulate &ia~a~9WlPI ar&u axion
symbol
tangent
affine
solid
triangular
half-line
2 8 0

paral lel 1 ines

broken line

skew 1 ines
simple curve
simple closed curve

line - segment

oblique

vertical 1 ine
straight line; right line; line

perpendicular
transversal

diagonal

horizontal 1 ine
horizon 1 ine

diamcbter

medi&n
nonintersecting 1 ines

peri meter

circumference
trangent l i n e

trangent ( n _ 1

i soscel es
one - to - one

principle
principle of duality
 281

undef i nes
order
ideal
induction

id

hyperbola
P
X
m
AB
AB
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m(E)
Ak
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(ABC)
T1
Backman, G.A. and Cromie, R.G. Introduction to Concepts of Geometry-
New York : Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1971.

Byrne, Richard J. Modern Elementary Geometry. New York : McGraw-Hill,

1970.
Kay, David C. College Geometry. New York : Holt, New York : Rinehart,

1969m
Meserve, Bruce E. and Izzo, Joseph A. Fundamental of Geometry.
Reading, Masksachusetts : Addison-Wesley, 1969.
Miller, Leslie H. College Geometry. New York : Appleton-Century-Grofts,
1069.
Pedoc, Il. A Course of Geometry for College and Universities. London :
Cambridge University Press, 1970.
Wolfe, Harold E. Non-Euclidean Geometry. New York : Holt, Rinehart,
1945.