MS 26 PART 1 1991新拌混凝土取样

MS ISO/IEC TR 10037 : 1995
MALAYSIAN
STANDARD
MS 26 : PART 1 : 1991
ICS : 91.100.30
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METHODS OF TESTING CONCRETE

PART 1 : METHODS OF SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE
(FIRST REVISION)
STANDARDS & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA

© Copyright
© SIRIM. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced

without the prior permission in writing of SIRIM
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
This Malaysian Standard, which had been approved by the Building and Civil Engineering Industry
Standards Committee and endorsed by the Council of the Standards and Industrial Research
Institute of Malaysia (S!RIM) was published under the authority of the SIRIM Council in
November, 1991.
SIRIM wishes to draw attention to the fact that this Malaysian Standard does not purport to include
all the necessary provisions of a contract.
The Malaysian Standards are subject to periodical review to keep abreast of progress in the
industries concerned. Suggestions for improvements will be recorded and in due course brought
to the notice of the Committees charged with the revision of the standards to which they refer.
The following references relate to the work on this standard:
Committee reference: SIRIM 491 /4

Draft for comment: Dl 37 (ISC D)
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date of issue Text affected
1
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
CONTENTS
Page
Committee representation 3
Foreword 4
Section
1 Method of sampling fresh concrete 6
2 Method for determination of slump 17
3 Method for determination of compacting factor 21
4 Method for determination of Vebe time 26
5 Method for determination of flow 30
6 Methods for determination of air content of fresh concrete 36
7 Method for determination of density of compacted fresh concrete 49

8 Method for making test cubes from fresh concrete 53
9 Method for making ~testbeams from fresh concrete 57
10 Method for making test cylinders from fresh concrete 61
11 Method of normal curing of test specimens (27°C) 67
12 Methods of accelerated curing of test cubes 70
13 Method for making and curing no-fines test cubes 74
Figures
1.1 Scoop 15
2.1 Typical mould for slump 15
2.2 Forms of slump 20
3.1 Compacing factor apparatus 22
3.2 Types of slumps 22
4.1 Vebe apparatus 27
5.1 Typical flow table 32
5.2 Concrete mould 33
5.3 Tamping bar 33
5.4 Typical concrete spread 34
5.5 Example of good quality and segregated concrete mixes 34
6.1 Method A apparatus 39
6.2 Method B apparatus 39
12.1 Typical curing tank for 82°C method 73
13.1 Typical apparatus for making no-fines concrete test cubes 77
Tables
1.1 Quantities of concrete required 8
3.1 Essential dimensions of the compacting factor apparatus 25
7.1 Dimensions of cylindrical container 50
Appendices
A Certificate of sampling 16
B Titles of publication referred to in this draft standard 78
2
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
Committee representation
The Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committe~eunder whose supervision this Malaysian
Standard was prepared, comprises representatives from the following Government Ministries, trade, commerce
and manufacturer associations and scientific and professional bodies.
Association of Consulting Engineers (Malaysia)

Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Malaysian Institute of Architects
Master Builders’ Association
Ministry of Housing and Local Government (Housing Department)
Ministry of Works and Utilities (Public Works Department)
University Teknologi Malaysia
Chartered Institute of Building (Malaysia)
The Technical Corn mitte on Cement and Concrete which prepared this Malaysian Standard consists of the
following representatives:
Encik Md. Ali Abd. Razak (Chairman)! Universiti Malaya

Dr. Hilmi Mahmud
Encik Wong Yew Choong Jabatan Penyiasatari Kajibumi
Tuan Hj. Yahaya Hj. Ariffin Jabatan Ker]a Raya
Encik Fadhali Hj. Zakaria Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Encik Zulkiflee Yusof Institut Teknologi Mara
Dr. Sabaruddin b. Mohd Universiti Sains Malaysia
lr. Choo Kok Beng Institut Jurutera Malaysia
Prof. Alamgir Habib Universiti Pertanian Malaysia
Encik Albert Wong Persatuan Pemborong-Pemborong Binaan Malaysia
Encik All Maidin/Cik Noor Fauziah
Sulaiman (Secretary) Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
Co-opted members:
Encik Kee Peng Choy Cement and Concrete Association

Encik E.U. Kidav Cement and Concrete Association
Encik Chai Mm Hian Cement Manufacturers Sarawak Bhd.
Ericik K.K. Lim/Encik Pradeep Leon National Ready-Mixed Concrete Association
Encik Anuar b. Yahya Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran
Encik M. Vivekananda Bahagian Penyelidikan Jabatan Perumahan Negara
dan Kerajaan Tempatan
Encik A. Letchumanan Persatuan Pekilang-Pekilang Malaysia
Ir. Yang Su Keong CMCM Perniagaan Sdn. Bhd.
Encik Mohamad Jamil Sulaiman Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
3
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
FOREWORD
This Part 1 of the revised MS 26 : 1 ~71, which has been withdrawn, was prepared by the
Technical Committee on Cement and Concrete under the authority of the Civil Engineering and
Building Construction Industry Standards Committee.
The test do not apply to concrete whose nominal maximum aggregate size exceed 40 mm.
Part I of this revised Malaysian Standard consists of 13 sections:
Section 1 : Method of sampling fresh concrete

Section 2 : Method for determination of slump
Section 3 : Method for determination of compacting factor
Section 4 : Method for determination of Vebe time
Section 5 : Method for determination of flow

Sedtion 6 : Method for determination of air content of fresh concrete
Section 7 : Method for determination of density of compacted fresh concrete
Section 8 : Method for making test cubes from fresh concrete
Section 9 : Method for making test beams from fresh concrete
Section 10 : Method for making test cylinders from fresh concrete
Section 11 : Method of normal curing of test specimens (27°C)
Section 12 : Method of accelerated curing of test cubes
Section 13 : Methods for making and curing no-fines test cubes
This part of this revised Malaysian Standard is based on BS 1881 : Part 101 : 1983 to
BS1881 :Partll3:1983.
Section 1 begins the series or methods and tests on fresh concrete. It specifies the methods
to be used on site for obtaining representative samples from a batch of fresh concrete, which
would then be used for various tests. Besides establishing important definitions, the section
includes guidance on apparatus, procedures and materials.
In section 2, the specifications for determinating the consistence of concrete by the slump test
are given. The procedure is detailed including measurements and the types of slump.
Section 3 gives guidance on the method for determination of compacting factor of concrete.
It specifies the apparatus required and the procedure including final compaction.
Section 4 describes the method for determination of Vebe time of concrete of very low to low
workability. As with most tests for fresh concrete, the procedures are well detailed. Special
attention is paid to procedures for remoulding depending on different types of slump.
In section 5, guidance on the method for determination of the flow of concrete of high and
very high workabilty. Besides figures on the apparatus, photographs of examples of flows are
included.
4
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
In section 6, two methods for determination of air content of compacted fresh concrete are
specified. Both methods are well detailed for apparatus, procedures and measurements. Calibrations
are required for both apparatus.
Section 7 describes a method for determining the density of compacted fresh concrete. The
determination also enables the volume of concrete per batch and cement content to be computed.
In section 8, a method for making test cubes of nominal sizes 100 mm and 150 mm out of
fresh concrete is detailed. Tolerances are specified for the moulds.
Section 9 specifies a method for making test beams out of fresh concrete. Two sizes are provided
corresponding to aggregate sizes not exceeding 20 mm and 40 mm. As in the preceding section,
tolerances are detailed for the moulds.
Section 10 describes a method for making test cylinders of nominal diameters 100 mm and
150 mm out of fresh concrete. These cylinders are basically for determining tensile splitting
strength and static modulus of elasticity. It follows section 8 except for the detailing of the
preparation of upper surface of the cylindrical specimens.
In section 11, the method of normal curing of concrete specimens made in accordance with
sections 8, 9 and 1 0 of this Part are described. The curing temperature of 27 ± 2°C is specified.
Section 12 describes methods of accelerated curing of concrete test specimens at 35°C, 55°C
and 82°C. The curing tank, the important apparatus, is specified in detail including an illustration
of a typical one for 82°C method.
Finally,. section 13 describes the method for making and curing 150 mm test cubes of fresh
no-fine concrete. A typical apparatus is illustrated.
This revised Malaysian Standard consists of 3 parts. The others being:
Part 2 : Methods of testing hardened concrete
Part 3 : Recommendations for use of non-destructive testing of-concrete.
5
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
METHODS OF TESTING CONCRETE

PART 1: METHODS OF SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE
(FIRST REVISION)
SECTION ONE : METHOD OF SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE
1.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of the Malaysian Standard specifies the methods to be used on site
for obtaining representative samples of the required size from a batch of fresh concrete. It specifies
the number of increments to be taken to form a sample under normal conditions and where
a check on the accuracy of sampling is required. Where such a check is required on the accuracy
of regular sampling it also specifies the procedure to be adopted for determining the number
of- increments necessary to achieve an adequately representative sample and the frequency
of taking samples in order to achieve a period average of a desired accuracy. The methods
specified apply to concrete made with aggregate having a nominal maximum size of no more
than 40 mm and are suitable for very low, low, medium and high workability concrete up to
a workability representated by 150 mm nominal slump.
This section also specifies the procedure for mixing and sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory,
where accurate control of the quantities of materials and of test conditions is possible. The
method is especially applicable to the making of preliminary tests to ascertain the suitability
of available materials or to determine suitable mix proportion for concrete for general use on site.
1.2 SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE ON SITE
1.2.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this Part of this Malaysian Standard the definitions
given in BS 532 apply together with the following:
1.2.1.1 Aggregate/cement ratio. The ratio of the mass of total aggregate to the mass of
cement in a concrete mix.
1 .2.1.2 Batch. The quantity of concrete mixed in one cycle of operations of a batch mixer,
or the quantity of concrete conveyed ready-mixed in a vehicle, or the quantity discharged during
1 mm from a continuous mixer.
1.2.1.3 Cement content. The mass in kilograms of cement contained in a cubic metre of
fresh, fully compacted concrete.
1 .2.1 .4 Characteristic strength. That value of strength below which 5% of the population
of possible strength measurements of the specified concrete are expected to fall.
NOTE. A designed mix is a concrete mix in which strength testing will form an essential part of the judgement of compliance.
1.2.1.5 Designed mix. A mix for which the purchaser is responsible for specifying the required
performance and the producer is responsible for selecting the mix proportions to produce the
required performance.
6
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
1.2.1.6 Fresh concrete. Concrete, recently mixed, that is in a mouldable condition. The
concrete on sampling should comply within the workability limits as specified. -
1.2.1.7 Grade (of concrete). The means of describing a particular quality of concrete. In
the case of designed mixes the grade of concrete is in terms of a number which is its 28 day
characteristic strength in N/mm2. In the case of prescribed mixes the grade is in terms of a number
which will normally (but no contractually) be its 28 day characteristics strength in N/mm2.
1.2.1.8 Prescribed mix. A mix for which the purchaser specified the proportions of the
constituents and is responsible for ensuring that the proportions prescribed will produce a concrete
with the performance he requires.
NOTE 1. With a prescribed mix strength testing will not be used to judge compliance.
NOTE 2. An ordinary prescribed mix is a mix that complies with section two of this standard.
1.2.1.9 Producer. The person or authority entering a contract to supply concrete (e.g. a
producer of ready-mixed concrete supply concrete supplying a contractor or a contractor supplying
a client). -
1.2.1.10 Purchaser. The person or authority entering a contract to buy concrete (e.g. a client
purchasing from a contract or a contractor purchasing from a subcontractor or material supplier).
1.2.1.11 Ready-mixed concrete. Concrete mixed in a stationary mixer or in a truck-mixer

and supplied to the purchaser in the fresh condition either at the site or into the purchaser’s
vehicles.
1.2.1.12 Sample. A quantity of concrete, consisting of a number of standard scoopfuls, taken

from ~ batch of concrete whose properties are to be determined.
1.2.1.13 Standard scoopful. The quantity of concrete taken by a single operation of the scoop,
approximately 5 kg mass of normal weight concrete.
1.2.1.14 Sampling error. The random error arising from inevitable deficiencies in a sampling
procedure.
NOTE. An acceptable sampling error is one which does not lead to a significant loss in accuracy and precision of testing.
1.2.1.15 Mixer, rotating pan or tilting drum concrete type of capacity sufficient to mix batches
enough to provide samples for the tests to be carried out (see table 1.1 of clause 1.2.2).
1.2.2 Quantities of concrete required for tests. Calculate the number of scoopfuls
required for the test(s) by reference to table 1.1. Nominally divide the batch to be sampled
into this number or parts, each part being approximately equal in quantity. When sampling from
a batch mixer or ready-mixOd concrete truck disregard the very first part and very last part
of the discharge. If the batch to be sampled has been deposited in a heap or heaps of concrete,
the parts should wherever possible be distributed through the depth of the concrete as well
as over the exposed surface.
NOTE. When sampling from a ready-mixed concrete truck the division into parts can be on the basis of a given number
of discharging revolutions of the drum. See also section two of this MS 26 for an alternative method of sampling for the
slump test.
7
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991 -
Table 1.1 Quantities of concrete required
Test or specimen No. of standa rd

- scoopfuls
Slump 4
Compacting factor 6
Vebe time 4 -
Flow index 4
Air content 4
Density 6 ,
100 mm cube (per pair or cubes) 4

150 mm cube (per pair of cubes) 4
100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm beam 6
(per pair of beams)
150 mm x 150 mm x 750 mm beam 18
(per pair of beam)
150 mm x 300 mm long cylinder 6
(per pair of cylinders)
100 mm x 200 mm long cylinder 4
75 mm x 75 mm x 300 prism 4
(per pair of prisms)
150 mm x 150 mm long cylinders 4
NOTE 1. CAUTION. Contact between the skin and fresh concrete should be avoided by wearing appropriate impermeable
clothing. Where contact does occur the concrete should be washed off with clean cold water as soon as possible.
NOTE 2. Modifications may be necessary when obtaining samples of very high workability concrete (e.g. superplasticized
concrete). A larger scoop than the standard scoop may be required to collect a scoopful of nominal 5 kg mass without
spillage. Alternatively, a larger number of standard scoopful may be taken to obtain the required mass of concrete.
1.2.3 Apparatus
1.2.3.1 Scoop, made from minimum 0.8 mm thick non-corrodible metal suitable for taking
standard scoopfuls of concrete.

NOTE. A suitable scoop is shown in figure 1.1. -
1.2.3.2 Container for receiving concrete from the scoop, made of plastics or metal, of 9
litre minimum capacity.
1.2.3.3 Sampling tray, minimum dimensions 900 mm x 900 mm x 50 mm deep of rigid

construction made from a non-absorbent material not readily attacked by cement paste. (For
use in the determination of sampling error, see clause 1.2.5).
1.2.3.4 Square mouthed shovel, size 2 in accordance with BS 3388. (For use in determination
of sampling error, see clause 1 .2.5)
NOTE. A larger size may be necessary when preparing samples for casting beams.
1.2.4 Procedure of sampling. Wherever possible the sampling should be done

When the concrete takes the form of a moving stream, such as when it flows down the discharge
chute of the mixer or is being conveyed on a belt. As an alternative, concrete may be sampled
from a stationary lorray or a heap, but this method is less satisfactory. Concrete cannot be
sampled satisfactorily from a discharging lorry or dumper.
8
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
1.2.4.1 Sampling from falling streams, conveyors or chutes. The person taking the sample
should be able to reach the whole cross section if the stream without undue physical strain,
since biased samples may result of part of the stream of concrete is difficult to reach. Increments
shall be taken at equally spaced intervals, e.g. when four increments are required, about the
time when one fifth,two fifths, three fifths and four fifths of the concrete have been discharged,
and if more than four increments are taken at correspondingly shorter but equally spaced intervals.
1.2.4.1.1 Increments should preferably be taken from the whole width and thickness of the
stream in one operation.
1.2.4.1.2 Where the sample is to be taken from a falling stream of concrete the sampling
scoop shall be plunged into the stream from the back and front alternately, the scoop being
inverted when necessary whilst it is passed to the far side of the stream prior to sampling
with a forward movement. Where the sample is to be taken from a conveyor or chute the scoop
should sweep the bottom to ensure that the whole thickness of the stream is sampled.
1.2.4.1.3 If the whole stream cannot be covered by one increment without overfilling the scoop
the stream shall be sampled systematically by taking increments from all parts, e.g. when four
increments are to be taken, the first and third increments shall be taken starting from the front
of the stream and the second and fourth increments starting from the back. The weight of concrete
collected from the various parts should, so far as it possible, be in proportion to the flow at
these points.
1.2.4.1.4 Where more than one sample (See table 1.1) is required the increments shall be
put in turn into separate containers for the separate samples, the increments for one sample
being spaced evenly between the increments for the other sample or samples. -
When the whole stream cannot be covered by one increments, succesive increments shall
be taken from the same part of the stream followed by increments from the different part or
parts so that increments from similar positions are included in each sample.
1.2.4.2 Sampling from lorries or heaps. When concrete is sampled from lorries or heaps
not all of the material is freely accessible and some bias will be inevitable.
1.2.4.2.1 The increments should wherever possible be distributed through the depth of the
concrete as well as over the exposed surface.
NOTE. The number of increments required for a particular accuracy of sampling will normally be greater than that
required when the sample is taken from a moving stream and it is particularly desirable that the procedure
for checking the accuracy of sampling should be applied.
1.2.5 Determination of sampling error
1 .2.5.1 General. The determination of sampling error is intended to provided a monitor of

regular sampling or to assess the suitability of the standard method of sampling in unusual
circumstances or for unusual materials.
Sampling error is assessed during regular sampling from the difference in compressive
strength between duplicate samples with allowance for the contribution from testing error.
9
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
12.5.2 Procedure
1.2.5.2.1 General. From each of 20 batches of concrete of the same grade or mix obtain
a standard sample and a duplicate sample using the procedure in clause 1 .2.4. Each scoopful
taken for the standard sample shall be followed immediately by a scoopful for the duplicate
sample and the two samples shall be collected in separate containers. Prepare both the standard
and the duplicate samples in accordance with 1.2.5.2.2 and make pairs of 150 mm cubes from
each sample in accordance with section eight of this Part of MS 26. Test all cubes for compressive
strength at 28 day age in accordance with MS 26 : Part 2 : Section 3.
1.2.5.2.2 Preparing the sample for test. Empty the sample from the container(s) onto the
sampling tray. Ensure that no more than a light covering of slurry is left adhering to the container(s).
Thoroughly mix the sample by shovelling it to form a cone on the sampling tray and turning
this over with the shovel to form a new cone, the operation being carried out three times.
When forming the cones deposit each shoveful of the material on the apex of the cone so
that the portions which slide down the sides are distributed as evenly as possible and so that
the centre of the cone is not displaced. Flatten the third cone by repeated vertical insertion
of the shovel across the apex of the cone, lifting the shovel clear of the concrete after each
insertion.
NOTE. The following modifications to the mixing procedure may be necessary when preparing samples of very high workability
concrete (e.g. superplasticized concrete) for test.
(a) Sampling tray. The vertical lips on the edges of the tray may have to be larger
to contain the sample without spillage during mixing.
(b) Mixing the sample. The coning procedure is not suitable for very high workability
concrete and the following alternative method of mixing is recommended. Having poured the
concrete onto the sampling tray, use the shovel to turn the concrete from the outside toward
the centre, working progressively once round all sides of the sampling tray.
1.2.5.3 Calculation and reporting sampling error. For each pair of compressive strength
results from the 20 standard samples calculate the mean, M~.and the differences, D~.Similarly
for each pair of compressive strength results from the 20 duplicate samples calculate the mean,
Md, and the differences, Dd. Record each calculation of the mean to the nearest 0.25 N/mm2.
Calculate the following:

2
+ ~Dd
Testing variance (t’) =
80
- Md)2
Testing plus sampling variance (ti~) = _________
40
+ Md
Mean strength (M) = ______—
40
100J(~~ 0.5 t~ç)
-
Sampling error (in per cent)

M
10
MS 26 : Part I : 1991
100%J t’~
Testing error (in per cent)
M
Report sampling error and testing error to the nearest 0.1%.
1.2.6 Assessment. If the estimate of the sampling error is greater than 3%, then the
sampling procedure shall be appraised. If the estimate of the testing error is above 3%, then
the testing procedure shall be appraised. If both estimates are less than 3%, the sampling
procedure can be assumed to be satisfactory.
1.2.7 Certificate of sampling: The certificate shall be as in the appendix A.
1.3 MIXING AND SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE IN THE LABORATORY
1.3.1 Sampling of materials. Representatives samples of the concreting materials shall

be obtained by the methods given in MS 29, MS 30, MS 522: Part 2 or other Malaysian Standard
as appropriate.
1.3.2 Preparation of materials
1.3.2.1 Cement, ground granulated blastfurnace slag and pulverised-fuel ash. The sample
of cement on arrival at the laboratory, shall be thoroughly mixed dry, either by a hand tool
-
or in a suitable mixer, in such a manner as to ensure the greatest possible uniformity in

the material, care being taken to avoid the intrusion of foreign matter. The cement shall then
be stored in a dry place, preferably in airtight metal containers. -
1.3.2.2 Aggregate. The aggregates shall be in one of the following conditions:
(a) oven-dry as described in BS 812 : Part 2;

(b) air dried at 27 ± 2°C;
(c) saturated surface-dry as described in BS 812 : Part 2;
(d) saturated by soaking in water for at least 24 h.
When necessary, determine the moisture content (as a percentage of the oven dry mass) of
the agregates by an appropriate method given in BS 812 : Part 2.*
The aggregates for each concrete batch may be used either in separate size fractions or with
an all-in grading.
1.3.2.3 Temperature. Allow all materials to reach a temperature of 27 ± 2°C before mixing
the concrete.
1.3.3 Proportions of materials. The proportions of the materials, including the water,
in concrete mixes used for determining the suitability of the materials available, shall be similar
in all respects to those expected to be employed in the work.
*B5 812 Part 2 : 1975 is under revision and the relevant clause will be replaced by BS 812 : Part 107 and 109.
11
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
1.3.4 Weighing and mixing. For each concrete batch, weigh the cement, any ground
granulated blasfurnace slag or pulverized-fuel ash and the water to an accuracy of 0.5% or
better and the aggregate to an accuracy of 1%.
NOTE. When preparing concrete to have a given property, such as workability or air content, it may be necessary to
prepare and test trial mixes or varying composition to established the required mix quantities.
If the aggregate is dry [1.3.2.2 (a) or 1 .3.2.2(b)], before adding other materials allow it to soak
with some of the mixing water, while avoiding loss of water by evaporation, to the water it
will ultimately absorb.
When admixtures are required, add them with the second portion of the mixing water, except
when using admixtures that need to be added shortly before using the concrete, if dry aggregate
has been allowed ‘to soak.
Mix the concrete, preferably by machine or alternatively by hand, in such a manner as to avoid
loss of water or other materials.
1.3.4.1 The concrete shall be mixed in a room having an atmospheric temperature of 27± 2°C
and a relative humidity of not less than 50%. The concrete shall be mixed by hand tool, or
preferably in a laboratory batch mixed, in such a manner as to avoid loss of water or other
materials.
1.3.4.2 The quantity of concrete in each batch shall be at least 10% more than that required
for the proposed tests.
1.3.4.3 If an admixture is to be incorporated, measure the amount to within 5% of the

specified dosage and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for use.
1.3.4.4 Machine mixing. The size of the batch shall be between 50% and 90% of the
rated capacity of the mixer (1.2.1.15) to avoid both incomplete mixing and spillage.
Before using the mixer, clean off any fresh concrete remaining from a previous batch. Ensure
that no free water reamins in a pan mixer but if it is dry wipe it with, a damp cloth. When
using a tilting drum mixer, mix it in a small preliminary batch, of similar proportions to the
main batch, immediately before the main batch in order to coat the mixer.
1.3.4.4.1 Pan mixer
1.3.4.4.1.1 Using dry aggregates. Add an all-in aggregate as one amount. If separate fine and
coarse aggregates are used, add in order about half the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate
and the remaining coarser aggregate by spreading them evenly over the pan and then start
the mixer ‘and run it for 1,5 s to 30 s. After mixing for a total -of 2 mm’ to 3 mm, stop the
mixer and leave the contents covered for 5 mm to 15 mm.
Add the cement and any ground granulated blastfurnace slag, pulverized-fuel ash, pigment or
other powder by spreading them in an even layer over the aggregate. Start the mixer and mix
for 30 s. Stop the mixer and immediately clean off any material adhering to the mixer blades
into the pan. Without delay, recommence mixing and add the remaining mixing water over the
next 30 s. Continue mixing after all the materials have been added for at least 2 mm and not
more than 3 mm.
12
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
After completion of mixing in a pan mixer without a discharging gate, turn the concrete over
in the pan a few times using a hand tool to ensure uniformity before sampling.
1.3.4.4.2 Drum mixer
1.3.4.4.2.1 Using diy aggregates. Add an all-in aggregate as one amount. If separate fine and
coarse aggregates are used, add in order about half the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate
and the remaining coarse aggregate and then start the mixer and run it for 15 s to 30 s. Continue
mixing and add about half the water during the next 1 5 s. After mixing for a total of 2 mm,
stop the mixer and leave the contents covered for 5 mm to 15 mm.
Add the cement and any ground granulated blastfurnace slag, pulverized-fuel ash, pigment or
other powder on top of the aggregate. Start the mixer and mix for 30 s. Over the next 30 s
add the remaining water and continue mixing after all the materials have been added for
at least 2 mm and not more than 3 mm.
After completion of mixing, discharge the concrete onto a clean non-absorbent surface and turn
it over using a hand tool to ensure uniformity before sampling.
1.3.4.4.2.2 Using saturated aggregates. If an all-in aggregate is used, add about half before
the other materials and the remainder after them. If separate fine and coarse aggregates are
used, add in order about half the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate, the cement and any
ground granulated blastfurnace slag, pulverized-fuel ash, pigment or other and add all the water
during the first 30 s of mixing. Continue mixing after all the materials have been added for
at least 2 mm and not more than 3 mm.
After completion of mixing, discharge the concrete onto a clean non-absorbent surface and turn
it over- using a hand tool to ensure uniformity before sampling.
1.3.4.5 : Hand-mixing. Mix the concrete batch on a non-absorbent surface using a shovel,
trowel :or similar tool.
1.3.4.5.1 Using dry aggregates. Add an all-in aggregate as one amount. If separate fine
and coarse aggregates are used, add in order about half the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate
and the remaining coarse aggregate. Gradually add approximately one-fifth of the water, sufficient
to dampen the aggregate, and mix until uniform. Allow to stand for 5 mm to 15 mm.
Then add the cement and any ground granulated blasfurnace slag, pulverized-fuel ash, pigment
or other powder mixing all the- materials until uniform. Continue mixing and gradually add
the remaining water. After adding all the water, mix the whole batch for at least 3 mm’ or until
the concrete appears homogeneous.
1.3.4.5.2 Using saturated aggregates. If an all-in aggregate is used, add about half of it
before the other materials and the remainder after them. If separate fine and coarse aggregates
are used, add in order about half the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate, the cement and
any ground granulated blastlurnace slag, pulverized-fuel ash, pigment or other powder and the
remaining coarse aggregate. Mix all the materials until uniform, continue mixing and gradually
add the remaining water. After adding all the water, mix the whole batch for at least 3 mm
or until the concrete appears homogeneous.
13
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
1.3.4.6 Sampling and testing the concrete. Start the sampling and testing of the concrete
as soon as possible after completion of mixing, without the remixing specified in MS 26 : Part
2 for concrete sampled on site. The size of sample required for different tests is given in table 1 .1.
Carry out the required operations during a period of not more than 1 h from the addition of
the water to the cement.
For each test on the fresh concrete, and for making any specimens for hardened concrete tests,
use the scoop to obtain suitable amounts of concrete from the concrete batch heaped together
either in the mixer or on a non-absorbent surface, ensuring that each sample is representative
of the concrete batch. When not sampled immediately, protect the fresh concrete against gaining
or losing water.
NOTE. Provided that care is taken to ensure that no water or other materials is lost, the concrete used in workability
and density tests may be remixed with the remainder of the batch before making any specimens for testing hardened
concrete. The period of remixing should be as short as possible yet sufficient to produce a homogeneous mass.
1.3.4.7 Report
1 .3.4.7.1 General. The report shall state that preparation of materials, batching, mixing and
sampling were carried out in accordance with this section of this Part of MS 26 unless modifications
to the basic methods have been made, in which case these shall be reported in full. The report
shall state whether or not certificates of sampling for the materials are available. If available,
copies of the certificates shall be provided. -
1.3.4.7.2 Information to be included in the test report
1.3.4.7.2.1 Obligatory information. The following shall be included in the test report:
(a) date, time and place of mixing and batch identity number;
(b) description of materials, including moisture content and condition of the aggregates,
as in 1.3.2.2 (a), (b), (c) or (d);
(c) specification of concrete mix (quantities or proportions) and any other requirements,
e.g. workability;
(d) method of mixing, type and rated capacity of mixer with time of starting and details
of the procedure followed;
(e) any modifications from the basic methods;
(f) list of samples taken and specimens made.
1.3.4.7.2.2 Additional information. Where appropriate, the following shall also be included in
the test report: -
(a) results of any test on the fresh concrete;

(b) actual quantities or proportions of materials batched;
(c) any observations on the appearance of the fresh concrete, e.g. segregation and
bleeding.
14
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
125
250
NOTE. All dimensions are in millimetres.
Figure 1.1 Scoop
Plan
Ele v ation
NOTE. A suitable guide attachment may be provided. Any rivets used in the construction
of the mould shall be countersunk flush on the inside of the cone. Attachments should
be preferably be welded to the mould.
Figure 2.1 Typical mould for slump
15
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
Appendix A
Certificate of sampling
Thefollowing is a standard certificate of sampling in accordance with this section of this standard.
CERTIFICATE OF SAMPLING IN ACCORDANCE WITH MS 26 : PART 1 : SECTION 1
Date and time of sampling
Name of works
Location in works of the concrete

which the sample represents
Location of sampling (e.g. on discharge

from truck or from a heap of concrete)
Delivery note number or other means

of identifying the batch
Sample identity number
Ambient temperature and weather conditions
Name of sampler
The sampler certifies that sampling was done in accordance with MS 26: PART 1: SECTION 1
Signature of person responsible for sampling
16
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION TWO : METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SLUMP
2.1 SCOPE
This section of this Fart of this Malaysian Standard specifies the method to be used for determining
the consistence of concrete by the slump test.
The test do not apply to concrete whose nominal maximum aggregate size exceeds 40 mm,
and not suitable for concrete having a measured slump less than 5 mm or more than 175 mm.
2.2 APPARATUS
2.2.1 Mould. The mould for the test specimen shall be in the form of the hollow frustrum
of a cone having the following internal dimensions:-
Bottom diameter 200 ± 2 mm

Top diameter 100 ± 2 mm
Height 300 ± 2 mm
The mould shall be constructed of metal* of at least 1 .5 mm, thickness and the top and bottom
shall be open and at right angles to the axis of the cone. The mould shall ha)le a smooth
internal surface and shall be provided with foot pieces as well as handles to facilitate lifting
it from the moulded concrete test specimen in a vertical direction, as required by the test. A
mould provided with a suitable guide attachment may be used. A typical mould, without the
guide, is shown in fig. 2.1.
2.2.2 Tamping rod. The tamping rod shall be of steel or other suitable materials, of
circular cross section 16 ± 1 mm diameter, 600 ± 5 mm Iong,with both ends hemispherical.
2.2.3 -- Scoop. The scoop should be approximately 100 mm wide.
2.2.4 Sampling tray. See clause 1 .2.3.3 of this Part of MS 26.
2.2.5 Square mouthed shovel. See clause 1,2.3.4 of this Fart of MS 26.
2.2.6 Rule. Graduated from 0 mm to 300 mm at 5 mm intervals,the zero point being

at one end of the rule.
2.2.7 Funnel (option). Funnel made from a non-absorbent material* not readily attacked
by cement paste. The funnel shall comprise two co-axial conical frustums having a common
diameter of 100 mm, the ends being of greater diameter, one frustum to act as a filling funnel
and the other as a collar to enable the funnel to be located on the outer surface of the mould.
2.3 SAMPLING -
2.3.1 General method. The sampling of fresh concrete shall be obtained by the appropriate
method specified in MS 26 Part 1 :Section 1.
*Galvanized steel is suitable.
17
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
2.3.2 Alternative method. If the concrete is delivered in a mixing or agitating trucks,

the slump may be measured using a sample obtained from the initial discharge. When this
is done take a sample, after allowing a discharge of approximately 0.3 m3, of six standard
scoopfulls, collected from the moxing stream in a bucket or other suitable container. Remix
the sample on a non-absorbent surface and sub-divide into two parts. Test each part for slump.
2.4 PREPARING THE SAMPLE FOR TEST
Empty the sample from the container(s) onto the sampling tray*. Ensure that no more than
a light covering of slurry is left adhering to the container(s).
Thoroughly mix the sample by shovelling it to form a cone on the sampling tray~and turning
this over with shovel to form a new cone, the operation being carried out three times. When
forming the cones deposit each shovelful of the material on the apex of the cone so that the
portions which slide down the sides are distributed as evenly as possible and so that the centre
of the cone is n~tdisplaced.
Flatten the third cone by repeated vertical insertion of the shovel across the apex of the cone,
lighting the shovel clear of the concrete after each insertion.
NOTE. CAUTION. Contact between the skin and fresh concrete should be avoided by wearing appropriate impermeable
clothing. Where contact does occur, the concrete should be washed off with clear cold water as soon as possible.
2.5 PROCEDURE
2.5.1 The internal surface of the mould shall be thoroughly clean and free from superfluous
moisture and any set concrete before commencing the test. The mould shall be placed on a
smooth, horizontal, rigid and non-absorbent surface, such as a carefully levelled metal plate, at
a place free from vibration or shock, the mould being firmly held in place while it is being filled.
2.5.2 The mould shall be filled in three layers, each approximately one third of the height
of the mould. Each layer shall be tamped with 25 strokes of the rounded end of the tamping
rod. The strokes shall be distributed in a uniform manner over the cross section of the
mould and for the second and third layers shall just penetrate into the underlying layer.
The bottom layer shall just be tamped throughout its depth. Heap the concrete above the
mould before the top layer is tamped. If necessary, add further concrete to maintain an excess
above the top of the mould throughout the tamping operation. After the top layer has been
tamped, remove the funnel, if fitted, and strike off the concrete level with the top of the mould
with a sawing and rolling motion of the tamping rod. With the mould still held down, clean from
the surface below any concrete which may be have fallen onto it or leaked from the lower
edge of the mould. -
2.5.3 Remove the mould from the concrete by raising it vertically, slowly and carefully,
in 5 s to 10 s, in such a manner as to impart minimum lateral or torsional movement to
the concrete. The entire operation from the start of filling to the removal of the mould shall
be carried out without interruption and shall be completed within 150 s. The slump shall be
measured immediately by determining the difference between the height of the mould and that
of the highest point of the specimen being tested. The slump measured shall be recorded to
the nearest 5 mm.

~as specified in clause 1.2.3.3 of this Part of MS 26.
18
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
NOTE 1. Some indication of the cohesiveness and workability of the mix can be obtained if, after the slump measurement
has been completed, the side of the concrete is tapped gently with the tamping rod, A well proportioned concrete which
has an appreciable slump wilt gradually slump further, but a badly proportioned mix is likely to fall apart.
NOTE 2. The workability of the concrete mix changes with time due to the hydration of the cement and, possibly,
loss of moisture. Tests on different samples should, therefore, be carried out at a constant time interval after mixing
if strictly comparable results are to be obtained,
NOTE 3. For slump measurements made on concrete taken from the same sample, the repeatability is 15 mm at
the 95% probability level, for normal concrete having a measurement slump within the range of 50 mm to 75 mm. For
further information see B5 5947 Part 1.
2.5.4 - The test is only valid if it yields a true slump, this being a slump in which the concrete
remains substantially intact and symmetrical as shown in fig. 2.2(a). If the specimen shears,
as shown in fig. 2.2(b), or collapses, as shown in fig. 2.2 (c), take another sample and repeat
the procedure.
2.6 REPORT
2.6.1 General. The report shall affirm that the test was made in accordance with this
‘section of MS 26 : Part 1. The report shall state whether or not a’certificate of sampling is
available. If available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
2.6.2 Information to be included in the test report
2.6.2.1 Mandatory information. The following information shall be included in the test report:
(a) date, time and place of sampling and sample identity number;
(b) :; time and place of test;
(c) form of slump, whether true, shear or collapse, or into contact with wall of the
container;
(d) measured and record the height of slump;
(e) name and designation of person carrying out test.
2.6.2.2 Optional in formation. If requested the following information shall be included in the
test report:
(a) name or project and place where concrete used;

(b) name of supplier and source of concrete;
(c) date and time of production of concrete or delivery to site;
(d) specification of concrete mix (e.g. strength or grade).
19
20
(a) True stump
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
(b) Shear stump
Figure 2.2 Forms of slump

(c) Collapse slump
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION THREE: METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF COMPACTING FACTOR
3.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of MS 26 describes a method for determination of compacting factor of
concrete of low, medium and high workability. The method applies to plain and air-entrained
concrete, made with lightweight, normal weight or heavy aggregates having a nominal maximum
size of 40 mm or less not to aerated concrete, no-fines concrete and concrete which cannot be
compacted by vibration alone.
3.2 APPARATUS
3.2.1 Compacting factor apparatus. The compacting factor apparatus shall consist of
two conical hoppers (A and B) mounted above a cylinder (C). The essential dimensions of the
hoppers, cylinder and the distances between them shall be as shown in table 3.1 and figure 3.1.
The hoopers and cylinder shall be of rigid construction, preferably made of cast non-corrodable
metal, true to the shape and smooth inside. The rim of the cylinder shall be machined to be a
plane surface perpendicular to’its axis. The lower ends of the hooper shall be closed with tightly
fitting hinged trap doors having quick release catches. A non-corrodable plate of 3 mm thick is
suitable for the doors.
The frame in which the hoppers and cylinder are mounted shall be of rigid construction and shall
firmly locate them in the relative positions indicated in table 3.1. The cylinder shall be easily
detachable ‘from the frame.
3.2.2 Two plaster’s trowels
3.2.3 Scoop. See clause 2.2.3 of this Part of MS 26.
3.2.5 Square mouthed shovel. See clause 1 .2.3.4 of this Part of MS 26.
3.2.6 Tamping rod. See clause 2.2.2 of this Part of MS 26.
3.2.7 Scales or balances, capable of weighing up to 25 kg to an accuracy of 10 g or better.
The balance shall be calibrated on initial commissioning and at least annually thereafter using
weights of which the accuracy can be traced to the national standard of mass. The balance shall
be checked after relocation or disturbance. A certificate stating the accuracy shall be obtained
from the organization carrying out the check.
3.2.8 Compacting bar or vibrator. Compacting bar made from iron or steel, weighing
1.8± 0.1 kg, at least 380 mm long and having a ramming face 25.0 ± 0.5 mm square, or a vibrating
hammer or table suitable for compacting the concrete in acordance with 3.5.5 or 3.5.6.
21
MS 26 : Part 1: 1991
N:
View of trap door
partly open N
Cylinder C — preferred apparatus
Trap
N
,[~
yp
Cylinder C — alternative apparatus
opposite corners
Side elevation Front elevation
Figure 3.1. Compacting factor apparatus -
fat True dump lb) Shear slump Id Collapse slump
Figure 3.2. Types of slumps

22
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
3.3 SAMPLING
The sample of fresh concrete shall be obtained by the appropriate method specified in section
one of this Part of MS 26.
See clause 1.2.5.2.2 of this Part of MS 26.
3.5 PROCEDURE
The internal surfaces of the hoppers and cylinder shall be thoroughly clean and free from
superfluous moisture and any set concrete before commencing the test. Place the frame in a
position free from vibration or shock in such a manner that it is stable with the axes of the hoppers
and the cylinder all lying on the same vertical line. Close the two trap doors and place the two
floats on the cylinder so as to cover its top.
3.5.1 The sample of concrete to be tested shall be placed gently in the hopper using the
scoop, until the hopper is filled. The trap door shall be opened, immediately after filling, if the test
is carried out on site and six minutes after the mixing water is added to the other materials if
the test is carried out in the laboratory, so that the concrete falls into the lower hopper.
Immediately after the concrete has come to rest the cylinder shall be uncovered, the trap door
of the lower hopper opened and the concrete allowed to fall into the cylinder.
3.5.2 Certain mixes have a tendency to stick in one or both of the hoppers. If this occurs
the concrete shall be helped through by pushing the tamping rod gently into the concrete from
the top.
If this does not dislodge the concrete, raise the rod and repeat the process until the concrete
falls through the hopper. Count the number of times the concrete is rodded as this provide a guide
to the cohesiveness of the concrete.
3.5.3 The excess of concrete remaining above the level of the top of the cylinder shall then
be cut off by holding a trowel in each hand, with the plane of the blades horizontal, and moving
them simultaneously one from each side across the top of the cylinder, at the same time keeping
them pressed on the top edge of the cylinder. The outside of the cylinder shall be then be wiped
clean.
3.5.4 The weight of the partially compacted concrete in the cylinder shall then be determined
to the nearest 10 g. Empty the partially-compacted concrete from the cylinder and re-fill it with
concrete from the same sample in such a way as to remove as much as entrapped air as possible
(without significantly reducing the amount of entrained air, if present) and to produce full compaction
of the concrete with neither segregation nor laitance. For this purpose, by means of the scoop,
place the concrete in the cylinder in six layers approximately equal in depth and compact each
layer by using either the compacting bar or the vibrator in the manner described in 3.5.5 and 3.5.6.
After the top layer has been compacted, smooth it level with the top of the cylinder, using the
plasterer’s trowel, and wipe clean the outside of the cylinder. The weight of concrete in the cylinder
shall again be determined to the nearest 10 g and this weight shall be known as the ‘weight of
fully compacted concrete’.
23
MS 26 : Part 1 1991
NOTE: The test is sufficiently sensitive to enable differences in workability arising from the initial processes in the hydration
of the cement to be measured. Each test, therefore, should be carried out at a conslant time interval after the mixing is
completed if strictly comparable results are to be obtained.
3.5.5 Compacting with compacting bar. When compacting each layer with the
compacting bar, distributed the strokes of the compacting bar in a uniform manner over the cross-
section of the cylinder, and ensure that the compacting bar does not penetrate significantly any
previous layer nor forcibly stroke the bottom of the cylinder when compacting the first layer.
The number of strokes per layer required to produce full compaction will depend upon the
consistence of the concrete but in no case shall the concrete be subjected to fewer than 30
strokes per layer. Record the number of strokes.
3.5.6 Compacting with vibrator. When compacting each layer by means of the hammer
or vibrating table use applied vibration of the minimum duration necessary to achieve full compaction
of the concrete. Over-vibration may cause excessive segregation and laitance or loss of entrained
air, if present. The required duration of vibration will depend upon the workability of the concrete
and the effectiveness of the vibrator and vibration shall cease as soon as the surface of the
concrete becomes relatively smooth and has a glazed appearance. Record the duration of
vibration.
NOTE. Workability of a concrete mix changes with time owing to the hydration of the cement and, possibly, loss of moisture.
Tests on different samples should, therefore, be carried out at a constant time interval after mixing if strictly comparable
results are to be obtained.
3.5.7 The compacting factor, defined as the ratio of the weight of partially compacted
concrete to the weight of full compacted concrete. Calculate the compacting factor from the
formula:-
mp
compacting factor = —
Tnt’
where,
is the mass of the partially-compacted concrete (in g);

rn~is the mass of the fully compacted concrete (in g).
Express the results to two decimal places.
3.6 REPORT
3.6.1 General. The report shall affirm that the compacting factor was determined in accordance
with this section of MS 26: Part 1. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of sampling
is available. If available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
3.6.2.1 , Mandatory information. The following information shall be included in the test report:
(a) date, time and place of sampling and sample identify number;
(b) time and place of test;
(c) type of apparatus (see table 3.1);
24
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
(d) - number of times concrete was rodded whilst in each hopper:

(e) method of compaction (hand or vibration) including type of equipment used, the
number of strokes of the compacting bar or the duration of vibration;
(f) name and designation of person carrying out the test.
3.6.2.2 - Optional information. If requested the following information shall be included in the
test report:
(a) name of project and place concrete used:
Table 3.1 Essential dimensions of the compacting

factor apparatus
Dimension
Detail (mm)
Upper hopper A:
Top internal diameter, D 260 ± 2
Bottom internal diameter, E 130 ± 2 ,.
Internal height, F 280 ± 2
Lower hopper B:
Top internal diameter, G ‘ 240 ± 2
Bottom internal diameter, H 130 ± 2
Internal height, J 240 ± 2
Distance between bottom of upper 200 ± 5

hopper A and top of lower
hopper B, K ‘
Distance between bottom of lower 200 ± 5

hopper B and top of
cylinder C, L
Cylinder C:
Internal diameter, M 150 ± 1
Internal height, N 285 ± 1
Radius between wall and base, P 20
25
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991,
SECTION FOUR: METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF VEBE TIME
4.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of MS 26 describes a method for determination of Vebe time of concrete
of very low to low workability. The method applies to plain and air-entrained concrete made with
lightweight, normal weight or heavy aggregates having nominal maximum size of 40 mm or less
but not to aerated concrete, no-fines concrete and concrete which cannot be compacted by
vibration alone.
4.2 APPARATUS
4.2.1 Consistometer. Consistometer comprising a container, a mould, a transparent disc

and a vibrating table; the consistometer and its essential dimensions are shown in fig. 4.1.
4.2.2 Container.The container (A) shall be made of metal not readily attacked by cement
paste. It shall be of cylindrical shape, the thickness of the wall being 3 mm and of the base being
7.5 mm. The container shall have an internal diameter of 240 ± 5 mm and a height of 200 mm
and shall be watertight and of sufficient rigidity to retain its shape under roungh usage. It shall
be fitted with handles and with brackets, the latter enabling it to be clamped to the top of the
vibrating table (G) by using wing nuts (H).
4.2.3 Mould. The mould (B) shall be rigid and made of metal* not readily attacked by
cement paste and not thinner than 1 .5 mm. The interior of the mould shall be smooth and free
from projections such as protruding rivets and shall be free from dents. The mould shall be in
the form of a hollow frustrum of a cone having the following internal dimensions:-
diameter of base: 200 ± 2. mm

diameter of top: 100 ± 2 mm -
height: 300 ± 2 mm
The base and top shall be open and parallel to each other and at right angles to the axis of the
-cone. The mould shall be provided with two handles about 250 mm from the base.
4.2.4 Disc. The transparent disc (C) shall be horizontal and attached to the end of a rod
(J) which slides vertically through a guide sleeve (E) mounted on a swivel arm (N). The guide
sleeve (E) shall be fitted with a screw (0) to enable the rode (J) to be fixed in position. The swivel
arm (N) also carries a funnel (D) the bottom of which locates on the top of the mould (B) when
this is positioned concentrically in the container (A). The swivel arm (N) is located by a holder
(M) and can be fixed in position by a set screw (F). When in the appropriate positions, the axes
of the rod (J) and of the funnel (D) shall be coincident with the axis of the container. The
transparent disc shall be 230 ± 2 mm in diameter and 10 + 2 mm in thickness. A weight (P) shall
be located directly above the disc such that the moving assembly, comprising rod, disc and
weight, shall weigh 2750 ± 50 g. The rod shall be provided with a scale to enable the slump
of the concrete to, be recorded. -
4.2.5 Vibrating table. The vibrating table (G) shall be 380 mm in length and 260 mm
in width and shall be supported on four rubber shock absorbers. A vibrator unit (L), carried on
a base (K) resting on three rubber feet, shall be securely fixed beneath it. The vibrator shall
*Galvanized steel is suitable,
26
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
B
10±2 C -
i,,, ~,,
~~230±2 L
( ~-I:s
___,._i x —A
4k,
M —~
Y fl~
LJ,J
c~ 4 ‘1’
L
~, 1’
I’
Alt dimensions are in millimetres.
Figure 4.1. Vebe apparatus
27
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
operate at a frequency of 50 Hz and the vertical amplitude of the table, with the empty container
clamped to it, shall be approximately ± 0.5 mm about the mean position.
4.2.7 Sampling tray. See clause 1.2.3.3 of this Part of MS 26.
4.2.9 Tamping rod. See clause 2.2.2 of this Part of MS 26.
4.2.10 Stop watch or stop clock, accurate to 0.5 s. -
4.3 SAMPLING
The sampling of fresh concrete shall be obtained by the appropriate method specified in section
one of this Part of MS 26.
See clause 1.2.5.2.2 of this Part of MS 26.
4.5 PROCEDURE
The internal surface of the container and the conical mould shall be thoroughly clean and free
from superfluous moisture and any set concrete before commencing the test. The apparatus shall
be placed on a rigid surface free from external vibration and the surface of table (G) shall be level.
The container (A) shall- be firmly secured to the table (G) by means of the two wing nuts (H).
The conical mould (B) shall be placed concentrically in the container and the funnel (D) swung
into position and lowered over the top of the mould. Heap the concrete above the mould before
the top layer is tamped. If necessary, add further concrete to maintain an excess above the top
of the mould throughout the tamping operation.
4.5.1 The mould shall be filled in three layers, each approximately one third of the height
of the mould. Each layer shall be tamped with 25 strokes of the rounded end of the tamping
rod. The strokes shall be distributed in a uniform manner over the cross section of the mould
and for the second and third layers shall just penetrate into the underlying layer. The bottom
layer shall be tamped throughout its depth. However, the tamping rod should not possibly strike
the bottom of the container. After the top layer has been tamped the screw (F) shall be loosened,
the funnel (D) swung back through 90° and the screw (F) then tightened again and strike off the
concrete level with the top of the mould with a sawing and rolling motion of the tamping rod. Care
shall be taken to ensure that the mould does not lift from the bottom of the container during these
operations. -
4.5.2 The mould (B) shall be removed from the concrete by raising it vertically slowly
and carefully, in 5 s to 10 s, in such a manner as to impose minimum lateral or torsional movement
to the concrete. Having removed the mould (B), loosen the screw (F), swing the transparent
disc (C) over the container, tighten the screw (F) and lower the disc to touch the highest point
of the slumped concrete.
28
- M526:Partl:1991
4.5.3 If the concrete shears, as shown in figure 3.2(b), collapses, as shown in figure 3.2(c),
or slumps to the extent that it touches the wall of the container (A), the disc (C) shall be allowed
to rest upon the subsided concrete with screw (0) loose.
4.5.4 If the concrete has not slumped into contact with the wall of the container (A) and
a true slump, as shown in fig. 3.2(a). has been obtained, tighten the screw (0) when the disc (C)
just touches the highest point of the concrete without disturbing it. Read the slump from the scale
(J) and then loosen the screw (0) to allow the disc (C) to rest upon the concrete.
4.5.5 - Simultaneously start the vibration and the stop watch or clock. Observe the remoulding
of the concrete through the transparent disc (C). Stop the watch or clock immediately when the
lower surface of the disc (C) is completely coated with cement grout and record the time taken.
Complete the procedure within a period of 5 mm from commencement of filling the mould (B).
NOTE. The workability of a concrete mix changes with time due to hydration of the cement and, possibly, loss of moisture.
4.5.6 Record the Vebe time, indicated by the stop watch or clock, to the nearest second.
4.6 REPORT
4.6.1 GeneraL The report shall affirm that the Vebe time was determined in accordance
is available. If available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
(a) - date, time and place of sampling and sample identity number;
(h) time and place of test;
(c) form of slump, whether true, shear or collapse, or into contact with wall of the
container; -
(d) slump, if true slump is measured and concrete did not come into contact with wall
of the container;
(e) Vebe time;
(f) name and designation of person carrying out the test.
4.6.2.2 Optional in formation. If requested the following information shall be included in the
test report:
(a) name of the project and place where concrete used;

29
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION FIVE: METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FLOW
5.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of MS 26 specifies the method for determination of the flow of concrete
of high to very high workability. The method applies to plain and air-entrained concrete, having
a flow diameter of 500 mm to 650 mm when tested by the method in this section of this Part
of MS 26, made with lightweight, normal weight or heavy aggregates having a nominal maximum
size of 20 mm or less. It does not apply to aerated concrete or no fines concrete.
5.2 APPARATUS
5.2.1 Flow table, consisting of a flat plate, on which concrete can be placed, hinghed to
a rigid base on to which it can fall from a fixed height. The essential dimensions of the flow table
and a suitable form of construction are shown in fig. 5.1.
The flow table top shall be constructed from a flat metal plate* of minimum thickness 1.5 mm,
not readily attacked by cement paste or liable to rust. The top shall have a plan area of
700 mm x 700 mm and a flatness of within 1 .5 mm, as defined in BS 308: Part 3. The centre
of the table shall be scribed with a cross, the lines of which run parallel to and out to the edges
of the plate, and with a central circle 200 mm in diameter. The under surface of the plate shall
be reinforced in order to prevent distortion of the flat surface. The front of the flow table top shall
be provided with a lifting handle as shown in fig. 5.1. The total mass of flow table top shall be
16±1 kg.
The flow table top shall be hinged to a base frame using externally mounted hinges in such a
way that no aggregate can become trapped easily between the hinges or hinged surfaces. The -
front of the base frame shall extend a minimum of 120 mm beyond the flow table top in order
to provide a toe board. An upper-stop similar to that shown in fig. 5.1 shall be provided in each
side of the table so that the lower front edge of the table can only be lifted 40 ± 1 mm.
The lower front edge of the flow table top shall be provided with two hard rigid stops which transfer
the load to the base frame. The base frame shall be so constructed that this load is then
transferred directly to the surface on which the flow table is placed so that there is minimal
tendency for the flow table top to bounce when allowed to fall.
5.3.2 -Mould of the metal* not readily attacked by cement paste or liable to rust and of
minimum thickness 1 .5 mm. The interior of the mould shall be smooth and free from projections,
such as protruding rivets, and shall be free from dents. The mould shall be in the form of a hollow
frustrum of a cone having the following internal dimensions:
diameter of base: 200 ± 2 mm

diameter of top: 130 ± 2 mm
height: 200 ± 2 mm
The base and the top shall be open and parallel to each other and a right angles to the axis of
the cone. The mould shall be provided with two metal foot pieces at the bottom and two handles
above them (see fig. 5.2).
30
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
5.2.3 Tamping bar, made of a suitable hard wood and having a square section of side
40 ± 1 mm and at least 200 mm long. A further of 120 mm to 150 mm should be turned to a
circular section to form a handle to the bar (see fig. 5.3).
5.2.5 -‘ Sampling tray. See clause 1 .2.3.3 of this Part of MS 26.
5.2.6 Square mouthed shovel. ‘See clause 1.2.3.4 of this Part of MS 26.
5.2.7 Rule, of minimum length 700 mm and having 5 mm sub-divisions along its entire
length.
5.3 SAMPLING
Obtain the sample of fresh concrete by the procedure given in section one of this Part of MS 26,
for sampling on site or in the laboratory. Commence the determination of the flow as soon as
possible after- sampling.
5.4’ PREPARING THE SAMPLE FOR TEST
Empty the sample from the container(s) on to the sampling tray. Ensure that no more than a light
covering of slurry is left adhering to the container(s). -
Thoroughly mix the sample by using the shovel to turn the concrete over from the outside of the
tray towards the centre, working progressively one round all four sides of the tray.
NOTE. CAUTION. When cement is mixed with water, alkali is released. Take precautions to avoid dry cement entering
the eyes, mouth and nose when mixing concrete. Prevent skin contact with wet cement or concrete enters the eye,
immediately wash it out thoroughly with clean water and seek medical treatment without delay. Wash wet concrete off
the skin immediately.
5.5 PROCEDURE
Place the flow table on a fIat,~horizontal and solid surface free from external vibration or shock.
Ensure that the hinged top of the table can be lifted to the correct limit of its travel and is then
free to fall to the lower stop. Check that the table is so supported that, when the top of the table
falls to the lower stop, there is minimal -tendency for the top to bounce.
The table and the mould shall be clean and damp immediately prior to testing but free from
superilous moisture. Place the mould centrally on the table top and hold it in position by standing
on two foot pieces.
Fill the mould with concrete in two equal layers using the scoop, tamping each layer lightly 10 times
with the wooden tamping bar. If necessary, add further concrete to maintain an excess above
the top of the mould during the final tamping operation. Strike off the concrete flush with the upper
edge of the mould and clean the free area of the table top of any excess concrete.
- 31
MS26:Partl :1991
Travel limited
£ternal hinges
to 40±1
~arkings
ifting handle
Base frame
board
Lower stop
Dimension is in millimetres.
Figure 5.1. Typical flow table

32
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
0±2
All dimensions are in millimetres.
Figure 5.2. Concrete mould
All dimensions are in millimetres.
Figure 5.3. Tamping bar
33
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
Figure 5.4. Typical concrete spread
Figure 5.5. Example of good quality and segregated

concrete mixes
34
- ‘ - MS26:Partl:1991
At 30 s after striking off the concrete, slowly raise the mould vertically by the handles over a period
of 3 s to 6 s. While the operator stabilizes the flow table by standing on the toe board at the
front of the table, slowly raise the table top by the handle till it reaches the upper stop in such
a manner that the top does not impact hard against the upper stop. Then allow the table top to
fall freely to the lower stop. Repeat this cycle to give a total of 15 drops, each cycle taking not
less than 3 s nor more than 5s. In this way the concrete spreads across the table top (see fig. 5.4).
Measure with the rule the total diameter of the concrete spread in two directions, parallel to the
table edges. Calculate the arithmetic mean of both diameters as the measurement of flow in
millimetres.
NOTE 1. The concrete spread may also bo checkod for segregation. The cement paste may segregate from the coarse
aggregate to give a ring of paste extending several millimetres beyond the coarse aggregate (see fig. 5.5).
NOTE 2. The workability of a concrete mix changes with time due to hydration of the cement and, loss of moisture.
5.6 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS -
Record the mean of the two flow diameters in millimetres to the nearest 5 mm.
5.7 REPORT
5.7.1 General. The report shall affirm that the flow was determined in accordance with this
section of MS 26: Part 1. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of sampling is available.
If available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
5.7.2.1 Obligatory information. The following information shall be included in the test report:
(c) mean flow diameter in millimetres; -
(d) name of person carrying out the test.
5.7.2.2 Additional information. Where appropriate, the following information also shall be
included in the test report:
(a) name of project .and place where concrete was used;

(b) name of supplier and source of concrete:
(d) specification of concrete mix (e.g. strength or grade):
(e) indication of any tendency for the mix to segregate.
- 35
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
SECTION SIX: METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF AIR CONTENT OF FRESH CONCRETE
6.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard describes two’ methods for determination of
air content of compacted fresh concrete, made with normal weight or relatively dense aggregate
having a nominal maximum size of 40 mm or less. Neither of the methods is applicable to aerated
concrete, very stiff concrete which cannot be compacted by vibration alone nor to concrete made
with light-weight aggregates, air cooled blastfurnace slag or aggregates of high porosity.
6.2 APPARATUS -
6.3 SAMPLING
Obtain the sample of fresh concrete by the appropriate procedure given in section one of this
Part of MS 26. Commence the determination of air content as soon as possible after sampling.
See clause 1 .2.5.2.2 of this Part of MS 26. -
6.5 PROCEDURE
Empty the sample from the container(s) on to the sampling tray. Ensure that no more than a
light covering of slurry is left adhering to the container(s).
Thoroughly mix the sample by shovelling it to form a cone on the sampling tray and turning this
over with the shovel to form a new cone, the operation being carried out three times. Whe’n
of the cone is not displaced. Flatten the third cone by repeated vertical insertion of the shovel
across the apex of the cone, lifting the shovel clear of the concrete after each insertion.
NOTE. The following modifications to the mixing procedures may be necessary when preparing samples of very high
workability concrete (e.g. superplasticized concrete) for test.
concrete on to the sampling tray, use the shovel to turn the concrete from the outside toward
36
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
6.6 METHOD A -
6.6.1 General. In this method, the operational principle consists of introducing water to
a predetermined height above a sample of concrete of known volume and the application of a
predetermined air pressure over the water. The reduction in volume of the air in the concrete
sample is measured by observing the amount the water level is lowered under the applied
pressure, the latter amount being calibrated in terms of percentage of air in the concrete sample.
6.6.2 Apparatus
6.6.2.1 General. The apparatus, one form of which is shown diagrammatically in figure 6.1,
consists of the following.
6.6.2.2 Container. A flanged cylindrical vessel of steel or other hard metal, not readily
attacked by cement paste, having a nominal capacity of at least 5 L and a ratio of diameter to
height of not less than 0.75 nor more than 1.25. The outer rim and upper surface of the flange
and the interior surfaces of the vessel shall be machined to a smooth finish. The container shall
be watertight and in addition it and the cover assembly shall be suitable for an operating pressure
of approximately 100 kN/m2 and be sufficiently rigid to limit the pressure expansion constant, 0,
(see 6.6.3.4) to not more than 0.1% air content. -
6.6.2.3 Cover assembly. A flanged rigid conical cover fitted with a standpipe. The cover shall
be of steel or other hard metal not readily attacked by cement paste and shall have interior
surfaces inclined at not less than 10° from the surface of the flange. The outer rim and lower
surface of the flange and the sloping interior face shall be machined to a smooth finish. The cover
shall have provision for being clamped to the container to make a pressure seal without entrapping
air at the joint between the flanges of the cover and the container.
The standpipe shall consist of a graduated glass tube of uniform bore, or a metal tube of uniform
bore with a glass gauge attached. The graduated scale shall indicate air content from 0% to at
least 8% and preferable 10%. The scale shall be graduated with divisions every 0.1% air content,
the divisions being not less than 2 mm apart. A scale in which 25 mm represents 1 % of air content
is convenient.
The cover shall be fitted with a suitable device for venting of the air chamber, a non-return air
inlet valve and a small valve for bleeding off water. The applied pressure shall be indicated
by a pressure gauge connected to the air chamber above the water column. The gauge shall be
graduated with divisions every 5 kN/m2, the divisions not being less than 2 mm apart. The gauge
shall have a full scale reading of 200 kN/m2.
6.6.2.4 Calibration cylinder. A hollow cylindrical measure of brass or other strong non-corrodible
metal, having a capacity of approximately 0.3 L. The rim of the cylinder shall be machined to
a smooth plane surface at right angles to the axis of the cylinder.
6.6.2.5 Support. A support for the calibration cylinder made of non-corrodible material and
which will allow free flow of water into and out of the cylinder in the inverted position.
6.6.2.6 Spring. A non-corrodible coil spring or equivalent for retaining the calibration cylinder
in place.
6.6.2.7 Transparent plates. Two rigid transparent plates, one suitable for use as a closure
for the calibration cylinder and one as a closure for the container.
37
MS 26: Part 1 : 1991’
6.6.2.8 Deflecting plate or spray tube. A thin non-corrodible disc of not less than 100 mm
diameter to minimize disturbance of the concrete when water is added to the apparatus. Alternatively
a brass spray tube of appropriate diameterwhich may be an integral part of the cover assembly
or provided separately. The spray,tube shall be constructed so that when water is added to the
container it is sprayed on to the walls of the cover in such a manner as to flow down the sides
causing minimum disturbance to the concrete.
6.6.2.9 Air pump. A hand pressure pump such as a bicycle tyre pump with a lead facilitating
connection to the non-return air inlet valve on the cover assembly.
6.6.2.10 Scoop, as described in clause 1.2.3.1 of this Part of MS 26.
6.6.2.11 Compacting bar or vibrator. Compacting bar made from iron or steel, weighing
1.8 ± 0.1 kg, at least 380 mm long and having a ramming face 25.0 ± 0.5 mm square, or a vibrating
hammer or table suitable for compating the concrete in accordance with 6.6.5.2 or 6.6.5.3.
6.6.2.12 Container with spout. A container fitted with a spout having a capacity of 2 L to 5 L
to fill the apparatus with water.
6.6.2.13 Mallet. A soft-faced mallet with a mass of approximately 250 g.
6.6.3 Calibration of apparatus
6.6.3.1 General. The calibration tests described in 6.6.3.2, 6.6.3.3, 6.6.3.4 and 6.6.3.5 shall
be made at the time of the initial calibration of the apparatus and at any time when it is necessary
to check whether the capacity of the calibration cylinder or container may have changed. The
calibration test described in 6.6.3.6 and 6.6.3.7 shall be made as frequently as necessary to check
the pressure gauge so as to ensure that the proper gauge pressure, P, is being used. Recalibration
of the apparatus will also be required when the location at which it is to be used varies in elevation
by more than 200 m from that at which it was last calibrated.
6.6.3.2 Capacity of the calibration cylinder. Using the 1 kg balance determine the capacity
of the calibration cylinder by measuring the mass of water required to fill it. For this purpose, fill
the weighed cylinder with water at ambient temperature (25°C to 29°C) and carefully cover it with
the previously weighed transparent plate, ensuring that no air bubbles are trapped under ‘the plate
and that surplus water is wiped away before weighing the assembly. By repeating this procedure,
make a total .of three weighings of the covered cylinder filled with water. Calculate the average
mass of water, m1, contained in the full cylinder and record it to the nearest 0.5 g;
6.6.3.3 Capacity of the container. Using the 20 kg balance, determine the capacity of the
container by measuring the mass of water required to fill it. For this purpose, smear a thin film
of grease on the flange of the container, and after weighing empty, fill with water at ambient
temperature (25°C to 29°C) and make a watertight joint by sliding the weighed transparent plate
over the top of the container, ensuring that no air bubbles are trapped under the plate and that
surplus water is wiped away before weighing the assembly. By repeating this procedure, make
a total of three weighings of the covered container filled with water. Calculate the average mass
of water, m2, contained in the full container and record it to the nearest 5 g.
6.6.3.4 Pressure expansion constant, e. The pressure expansion constant is determined by

filling the apparatus with water, making sure that all entrapped air has been removed and the
water level is exactly on the zero mark, and applying an air pressure of 100 kPa (100 kN/m2).
The reading of the water column (in percent air content) will be the pressure expansion constant, e,
for the apparatus. -
38
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
Pressure gauge lindicating

operating pressure P )
Non
va[ve
zero
release
Concrete
a b c
NOTE. A = h, — h when the container holds concrete as shown in this figure: when the container holds only aggregate and water
3 correction factor). A, — G = A (air content of concrete).
— /12 = G (aggregate
0
Figure 6.1. Method A apparatus
Pu rnp Main air valve
Valve
Valve A Air bleeder valve
- Extension tubing for

calibralion checks
Figure 6.2. Method B apparatus
39
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
NOTE. strictly speaking, the air pressure applied during this procedure should be the required operating pressure P
determined as in 6.6.3.6. However, as the value of c is needed to determine P by way of the calibration constant Ka logically
closed cycle of operations exists. In practice the change in e due to a change in P is small enough to be ignored. As P
is commonly about 100 kPa, this value is prescribed to overcome the problem. Its use will lead to a value of e that is sufficiently
accurate for the test.
6.6.3.5 Calibration constant, K. The calibration constant is the reading needed on the air
content scale during the routine calibration procedure to obtain the gauge pressure required to
make the graduations on the air content scale correspond directly to the percentage of air
introduced into the container by the calibration cylinder when the container is full of water.
The constant, K, is generally calculated as follows (see note):
K = 0.98R+e
where,
e is the pressure expansion constant (see 6.6.3.4); - -

R is the capacity of the calibration cylinder expressed relative to the capacity of the container
and is calculated as follows:
m
R = 1 100% (see 6.6.3.2 and 6.6.3.3)
—.
m2
NOTE. The factor 0.98 is used to correct for the reduction in the volume of air in the calibration vessel when it is compressed
by a depth of water equal to the depth of the container. This factor is approximately 0.98 for a 200 mm deep container at
sea level. Its value decreases to approximately 0.975 at 1500 m above sea level and 0.970 at 4000 m above sea level.
The value of the constant will decrease by about 0.01 for each 100 mm increase in bowl depth. Hence the term O.98R
represents the effective volume of the calibration vessel expressed as a percentage of the container under normal operating
conditions.
6.6.3.6 Required operating pressure. Place the calibration cylinder support centrally on the
bottom of the clean container and place the cylinder on the support with its open end downward.
Place the coil spring on the cylinder and clamp the cover assembly carefully in place.
Fill the apparatus with water at ambient temperature to a level above the zero mark on the air
content scale. Close the air vent and pump air into the apparatus approximately to the operating
pressure about 100 kPa. Lightly tap the sides and cover with the mallet to remove as much
entrapped air as possible adhering to the interior surfaces of the apparatus and gradually reduce
the pressure by opening the vent. Bring the water level exactly to the zero mark by bleeding water
through the small valve in the conical cover and close the air vent. Apply pressure by means of
the pump until the reading of the water level equals the calibration constant, K(see 6.6.3.5).
Record the pressure, P, indicated on the pressure gauge. Gradually release the pressure by
opening the vent until zero pressure is indicated. If the water level returns to a reading less
than 0.05% air content, take the pressure, P, as the operating pressure. If the water level fails
to return to a reading below 0.05% air content, check the apparatus for leakage and repeat the
procedure.
6.6.3.7 Alternative operating pressure. The range of air contents which can be measured
with a particular apparatus can be extended by determining an appropriate alternative operating
pressure, e.g. if the range is to be doubled the alternative operating pressure, P1, is that for which
the apparatus indicates half of the calibration reading, K, (see 6.6.3.5).
40
MS 26 : -Part 1 : 1991
Exact calibration will require the determination of the pressure expansion constant, e (see 6.6.3.4)
for the reduced operating pressure, but since the change in the pressure expansion constant can
be normally be regarded, the alternative operating pressure can be determined during the determina-
tion of the normal operating pressure (see 6.6.3.6).
6.6.4 Aggregate correction factor
6.6.4.1 General. The aggregate correction factor will vary with different aggregates and
although it will remain reasonably constant for a particular aggregate an occasional check should
be carried out. The aggregate correction factor can be determined only by tests as it is not directly
related to the water absorption of the particles.
6.6.4.2 Aggregate sample size. Determine the aggregate correction factor by applying the
operating pressure on a combined sample of the coarse and fine aggregates in the approximate
proportions and moisture conditions that exist in the concrete sample. Obtain the sample of
aggregates either by washing the cement from the concrete sample tested for air content, through
a 150 ~tmBS 410 sieve, or by using a combined sample of fine and coarse aggregate similar
to that used in the concrete. In the latter case calculate the masses of fine and coarse aggregates
to be used, m1 and m~,respectively as follows:
V~Dp~
= V0Dp~
where,
p~and ~ are the proportions of fine and coarse aggregates, respectively, expressed as fractions
by mass of the total concrete mix (aggregates, cement and water);
V0 is the capacity of the container (in m3) (see 6.6.3.3);
D is the density of the concrete to be tested (in kg/m3), determined in accordance with section
seven of this Part of this MS 26 or calculated from the known proportions and densities of the
materials and the nominal air content.
6.6.4.3 Filling the container. Partially fill the container of the apparatus with water and
introduce the combined sample of aggregate in small scoopfuls. This shall be done in such a
manner as to entrap as little air as possible and if necessary add additional water to inundate
all of the aggregate. After the addition of each scoopful remove any foam promptly then stir the
aggregate with the compacting bar arid tap the container with the mallet to release any entrapped
air.
6.6.4.4 Determination olaggregate correction factor. When all the aggregate has been place
in the container wipe clean the flanges of the container and clamp the cover in position. Fill the
apparatus with water and tap lightly with mallet to remove air adhering to the interior surfaces
of the apparatus. Bring the level of the water in the standpipe to zero by bleeding through the
small valve with the air vent open. Close the air vent and apply the operating pressure, P, by
means of the air pump.
Record the reading of the gauge tube as h1, release the pressure and take a further reading, h2.
Repeat the entire procedure once, obtaining a second pair of readings, h1 and h2. Take the
average of h1 h2 as the aggregate correction factor, G, unless the two valves of h1 h2 differ
- -
by more than 0.1%’ air content in which case carry out further determinations until consistent
results are obtained.
41
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
6.6.5 Compaction of the concrete
6.6.5.1 General. Place the sample of concrete to be tested in the container in such a way
as to remove as much entrapped air as possible (without significantly reducing the amount of
entrained air, if present) and to produce full compaction of the concrete with neither excessive
segregation nor laitance. For this purpose, by means of the scoop, place the concrete in the
container in three layers approximately, equal in depth and compact each layer by using either
the compacting bar or the vibrator in the manner described below in 6.6.5.2 or 6.6.5.3. If the
concrete has a slump greater than approximately 75 mm, do not use vibration.
The quantity of material used in the final layer shall be, as nearly as possible, just sufficient to
fill the container without having to remove excess material. A small quantity of additional concrete
may be added if necessary and further compacted in order to just fill the container, but the removal
of excess material should be avoided.
6.6.5.2 Compacting with compacting bar. When compacting each layer with the compacting
bar, distribute the strokes of the compacting bar in a uniform manner over the cross section of
the container, and ensure that the compacting bar does not penetrate significantly any previous
layer nor forcibly strike the bottom of the container when compacting the first layer. The number
of strokes per layer required to produce full compaction will depend upon the consistence of the
concrete but in no case shall the concrete be subjected to fewer than 25 strokes per layer. In
order to remove pockets of entrapped air but not the entrained air, after compaction of each layer
- tap the sides of the container smartly with the mallet until large bubbles of air cease to appear
on the surface and depressions left by the compacting bar are removed. Record the number of
strokes.
6.6.5.3 Compacting with the vibrator. When compacting each layer by means of the vibrating
hammer or table use applied vibration of the minimum duration necessary to achieve full compaction
air, if present. The required duration of vibration will depend upon the consistency of the concrete
vibration.
6.6.6 Procedure. Wipe the flanges of the container and of the cover assembly thoroughly
clean and in the absence of the spray tube, place the deflecting plate, if used, centrally on the
concrete and pressed into contact with it. Clamp the cover assembly in place, care being taken
to ensure that there is a good pressure seal -between the cover and the container. Fill the
apparatus with water and tap lightly with the mallet to remove air adhering to the interior surfaces
of the cover. Bring the level of water in the standpipe to zero by bleeding through the small valve
with the air vent open. Close the air vent and apply the operating pressure, P, by means of the
air pump. -
Record the reading on the gauge tube, h,, and release the pressure. Read the gauge tube again
and if the reading, h2 is 0.2% air content or less record the value h, h2 as the apparent air content,
-
A,, to the nearest 0.1% air content. If h2, is greater than 0.2% air content apply the operating
pressure, P, again, giving a gauge tube reading h3 and a final reading h4 after release of the
pressure. If h4 h2 is 0.1% air content or less record the value h3 h4 as the apparent air content.
- -
If h4 h2 is greater than 0.1% air content it is probable that leakage is occurring and the test shall
-
be disregarded. - - -
42
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
6.7 METHOD B
6.7.1 General. In this method the operational principle consists of merging a known volume
of air at a known pressure in a sealed air chamber with the unknown volume of air in the concrete
sample, the dial on the pressure gauge being calibrated in terms of percentage of air for the
resultant pressure.
6.7.2 Apparatus
6.7.2.1 General. The apparatus, one form of which is shown diagrammatically in figure 6.2
consists of the following.
6.7.2.2 Container. A flanged cylindrical vessel of steel or other hard metal, not readily
attacked by cement paste, having a nominal capacity of at least 5 L and a ratio of diameter
to height of not less than 0.75 or more than 1 .25. The outer rim and the interior surfaces of the
vessel shall be machined to a smooth finish. The container-shall be watertight and in addition it and
the cover assembly shall be suitable for an operating pressure of approximately 200 kN/m2.-
6.7.2.3 Cover assembly. A flanged rigid cover of steel or other hard metal not readily attacked
by cement paste. The outer rim and lower surface of the flange as well as the interior surfaces
shall be machined to a smooth finish. The cover shall have provision for being clamped to the
container to make a pressure seal without entrapping air at the joint between flanges of the cover
and the container.
The cover assembly shall be fitted with a pressure gauge calibrated to indicate air content
from 0% to at least 8% and preferably 10%. Up to an air content of 6% the scale of the gauge
shall be graduated with divisions every 0.1% air content.
6.7.2.4 Calibration cylinder. A hollow cylindrical measure of brass or other non-corrodible

metal having a capacity of approximately 0.3 L, which may be integral with the cover assembly.
6.7.2.5 Transparent plate. A rigid transparent plate, suitable for use as a closure for the
container.
6.7.2.6 Air pump. A hand pressure pump such as a bicycle tyre pump with a lead facilitating
connection to the non-return air inlet valve on the cover assembly.
6.7.2.7 Scoop, as described in clause 1.2.3.1 of this Part of MS 26.
6.7.2.8 Compacting bar or vibm’ator. Compacting bar made out of straight steel bar weighing
1 .8 kg, 380 mm long and having a ramming face 25 mm square, or a vibrating hammer or table
suitable for compacting concrete in accordance to 6.7.5.
6.7.2.9 Mallet. A soft-faced mallet with a mass of approximately 250 g.
6.7.2.10 Syringe. A rubber syringe, suitablefor injecting water into the container either through
valve A or valve B.
6.7.2.11 Balance. A balance capable of weighing up to 1 kg to an accuracy of ± 0.5 g for use

in calibrating the apparatus.
43
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
The balance shall be calibrated on initial commisioning and at least anually thereafter using
6.7.3 Calibration of apparatus
6.7.3.1 General. The calibration test detailed below shall be made as frequently as necessary
to check the accuracy of the graduations indicating air content on the dial of the pressure gauge.
Recalibration of the apparatus is not required with changes in elevation at which it is used or with
changes in atmospheric pressure.
6.7.3.2 Checking aircontent graduations on the pressure gauge. The capacity of the container
is found by determining the mass of water, m2, required to fill it.
Fill the container with water at ambient temperature and place the transparent plate over it to
eliminate any convex meniscus. Smear a thin film of grease on the flange of the container to effect
a water tight joint between the transparent plate and the top of the container. Wipe away surplus
water and determine the mass of the container filled with water by weighing on the balance.
Screw the extension tubing (see figure 6.2) into the threaded hole beneath valve A on the
underside of the cover assembly and clamp the cover assembly into place, care being taken
to ensure that there is a good pressure seal between cover and container. Close the main air
valve and open valves A and B.
Add water through valve A until all trapped air has been expelled through valve B. Pump air into
the air chamber until the pressure reaches the indicated initial pressure line. After allowing a few
seconds for the compressed air to cool to ambient temperature, stabilize the hand on the pressure
gauge at the initial pressure line by further pumping in or bleeding off air as necessary. During
this process lightly tap the gauge and close valve B. Remove water from the apparatus to the
calibration cylinder in just sufficient quantity to fill it full or up to a predetermined line marked on
it, then determine the mass of water displaced, m3, by weighing on the balance.
Depending upon the particular apparatus design, control the flow of water either by opening valve
A and using the main air valve to control flow, or by opening the main air valve and using valve
A to control flow. Then release the pressure in the container by opening valve B (if the apparatus
employs an auxiliary tube for filling the calibration cylinder, open valve A so that the tube is
drained back into the container, or alternatively if the calibration cylinder is an integral part of
the cover assembly close valve A immediately after filling the calibration vessel and leave it
closed until the test has been completed). The volume of air in the container is now equal to
the volume of the displaced water; close all valves, pump air into the air chamber until the
pressure reaches the initial pressure line, and then open the main air valve. The air content
indicated by the pressure gauge corresponds to the percentage of air, A1, determined to be in
the container, where A, = mJm2 x 100%. If two or more determinations show the same variation
from the correct air content, reset the hand on the pressure gauge to the correct air content and
repeat the test until the gauge reading corresponds to the calibrated air ~contentwithin 0.1%
air content.
6.7.4 Aggregate correction factor
6.7.4.1 General. The aggregate correction factor will vary with different aggregates and
although ordinarily it will remain reasonably constant for a particular aggregate an occasional
check is recommended. The aggregate correction factor can be determined only by test as it is
not directly related to the water absorption of the particles.
44
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
6.7.4.2 Aggregate sample size. Determine the aggregate correction factor by applying the
operating pressure on a combined sample of the coarse and fine aggregates in the approximate
amounts, proportions and-moisture conditions that exist in the concrete sample. Obtain the sample
of aggregates either by washing the cement through a 150 p.m BS 410 sieve from the concrete
sample tested for air content or by using a combined sample of fine and coarse aggregate similar
to that used in the concrete. In the latter case calculate the masses of fine and coarse aggregates
to be used, n’i~and m~respectively, as follows:
rn~ = V0DP~
m~ =
where,
p~and PC are the proportions of fine and coarse aggregates, respectively, expressed as fractions
by mass of the total concrete mix (aggregates, cement and water);

is the capacity of the container (in m3) determined as described in 6.7.3.2;
D is the density of the concrete to be tested (in kg/rn3), determined in accordance with section
seven of this Part of MS 26 or calculated from the known properties and densities of the materials
and the nominal air content.
6.7.4.3 Filling the container. Partially fill the container of the apparatus with water and
introduce the combined sample of aggregate in small scoopfuls. This shall be done in such a
manner as to entrap as little air as possible. If necessary add additional water to inundate all
of the aggregate. After the addition of each scoopful remove any foam promptly and stir the
aggregate with the compacting bar and tap the container with the mallet to release any entrapped
air.
6.7.4.4 Determination of aggregate correction factor. When all the aggregate has been
placed in the container wipe clean the flanges of the container and the cover assembly thoroughly
and clamp the cover assembly into position so that a pressure-tight seal is obtained. Close the
main air valve and open valves A and B. Using the rubber syringes, inject water through either
valve A or valve B until water emerges from the other valve A or valve B until water emerges
from the other valve. Tap the apparatus lightly with the mallet until all entrapped -air is expelled
from this same valve. Remove a volume of water from the container approximately equivalent
to the volume of air that would be contained in a typical concrete sample of a size equal to
the volume of the container. Remove the water in the apparatus in the manner described 6.7.3.2
for the calibration test. Complete the test using the procedure described in 6.7.6.
The aggregate correction factor, G, is equal to the reading on the air content scale minus the
volume of water removed from the container expressed as a percentage of the capacity of the
container.
6.7.5 Compaction of the concrete
6.7.5.1 General. Place the sample of concrete to be tested in the container in such a way
as to remove as much entrapped air as possible (without significantly reducing the amount of
entrained air, if present) and to produce full compaction of the concrete with neither excessive
segregation nor laitance. For this purpose, by means of the scoop, place the concrete in the
45
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
container in three layers approximately equal in depth and compact each layer by using either
the compacting bar or the vibrator in the manner described in 6.7.5.2 or 6.7.5.3. If the concrete
has a slump greater than approximately 75 mm, do not use vibration.
The quantity of material used in the final layer shall be, as nearly as possible, just sufficient
to fill the container without having to remove excess material. A small quantity of additional
concrete may be added if necessary and further compacted in order to just fill the container, but
the removal of excess material should be avoided.
6.7.5.2 Compacting with compacting bar. When compacting each layer with the compacting
the container, and ensure that the compacting bar does not penetrate significantly any previous
layer nor forcibly strike the Iottom of the container when compacting the first layer. The number
of strokes per layer required to produce full compaction will depend upon the consistence of the
concrete but in no case shall the concrete be subjected to fewer than 25 strokes per layer. In
order to remove pockets of entrapped air but not the entrained air, after compaction of each layer
tap the sides of the container smartly with the mallet until large bubbles of air cease to appear
on the surface and depressions left by the compacting bar are removed. Record the number
of strokes.
6.7.5.3 Compacting with vibrator. When compacting each layer by- means of the vibrating
of the concrete. Over-vibration may cause excessive segregation and Iaitance or loss of entrained
air, if present. The required duration of vibration will depend upon the consistence of the concrete
vibration. -
6.7.6 Procedure. Wipe the flanges of the container and of the cover assembly thoroughly
clean. Clamp the cover assembly in place, care being taken to ensure that there is a good pressure
seal between the cover and the container. Close the main air valve and open valve A and valve B.
Using a rubber syringe, inject water through either valve A or valve B until water emerges from
the other valve. Lightly tap the apparatus with the mallet until all entrapped air is expelled from
this same valve.
Close the air bleeder valve on the air chamber and pump air into the air chamber until the hand
on the pressure gauge is on the initial pressure line. After allowing a few seconds for the
compressed air to cool to ambient temperature stabilize the hand on the pressure gauge at the
initial pressure line by further pumping in or bleeding off air as necessary. During this process
lightly tap the gauge. Close both valve A and valve B and then open the main air valve. Tap the
sides of the container sharply. Lightly tap the pressure gauge to stabilize it and then the reading
of the pressure gauge is equal to the apparent percentage of air, A. Open valves A and B in order
to release the pressure before the cover assembly is removed.
6.8 CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
6.8.1 Air content of the sample tested. Calculate the air content of the concrete in the
container, A~,from the formula:
A~= A, - G
46
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
where,
A, is the apparent air content of the sample tested, to the nearest 0.1% (see 6.6.6 and 6.7.6);
G is the aggregate correction factor to the nearest 0.1% (see 6.6.4.4 and 6.7.4.4).
Express the air content as a percentage to the nearest 0.1%.
6.8.2 Air content of the mortar fraction. If required, calculate the air content of the mortar
fraction of the concrete, Am~from the formula:
100 A V CC
A=
m 100V+A(V-V)
where,
Vm is the absolute volume of the ingredients of the mortar fraction -(i.e. cement, water and fine
aggregate) of the concrete, air free, as determined from the original batch masses (in m3);
is the absolute volume of the ingredients of the concrete, air free, as determined from the
original batch masses (in m3).
Express the air content as a percentage to the nearest 0.1%.
6.9 REPORT
6.9.1 General. The report shall affirm that the air content was determined in accordance
is available. If’ available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
(c) type of apparatus used (method A or B);
(d) date of latest calibration check;
(e) aggregate correction factor; -
(f) method of compaction (by hand or vibration) including type of equipment used and
the number of strokes of the compacting bar or the duration of vibration;
(g) measured air content of sample tested;
(h) name of person carrying out test.
47
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
6.9.2.2 Optional information. If requested the following information shall be included in the
test report:
(a) name of project and place where concrete used;
(d) specification of concrete mix (e.g. strength or grade and nominal air content);
(e) temperature of the concrete at the time of sampling;
(f) density of the concrete;
(g) workability of the concrete;

(h) calculated air content of mortar fraction of the concrete.
48
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION SEVEN : METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF DENSITY OF COMPACTED

FRESH CONCRETE
7.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard describes a method for determining the density
of compacted fresh concrete. The method applies to plain and air-entrained concrete, made with
lightweight, normal weight or heavy aggregates having a nominal maximum size of 40 mm or less,
but not to aerated concrete or very stiff concrete which cannot be compacted by vibration alone.
Formulae are given for calculating the volume of concrete per batch and the cement content per
cubic metre.
7.2 DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard the definitions given in
section one apply together with the following:
7.2.1 Density. The mass of a quantity of compacted fresh concrete divided by its volume,
expressed in kilograms per cubic metre.
7.3 APPARATUS -
7.3.1 Scales or balance. Scales or balance capable of weighing up to 50 kg to an accuracy

of 25 g.
The balance shall be calibrated on initial commisioning and at least annually thereafter using
7.3.2 Straightedge, made of steel, not less than 300 mm in length.
7.3.3 Container. A watertight container, of sufficient rigidity to retain its shape, conforming
to the dimensions specified in table 7.1, made of metal not readily attacked by cement paste,
having a smooth internal face, the rim machined to a plane surface, the rim and base at right
angles to the axis and provided with handles.
7.3.4 Scoop. See clause 1 .2.3.1 of this Part of this MS 26.
7.3.5 Compacting bar or vibrator. Compacting bar made from iron or steel weighing
1.8 ± 0.1 kg, at least 380 mm long and having a ramming face 25.0 ± 0.5 mm square, or a vibrating -
hammer or table suitable for compacting the concrete in accordance with 7.7.2 or
7.3.6 Plasterer’s trowels
7.3.7 Glass pipette (if required), of known volume.
49
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
Table 7.1 Dimensions of cylindrical container
Nominal Inside Inside Minimum Radius

capacity diameter height thickness between
of metal wall and
base
m3 mm mm mm mm
0.01 200 ± 1.5 320 ± 1.5 4 20
7.4 CALIBRATION OF THE CONTAINER

The container shall be calibrated by determining the weight of water at a temperature 27° ± 2°C
required to fill it so that no meniscus is above the rim. The capacity of container shall then be
obtained by dividing the weight required to fill the container by the unit weight of water, namely
1000 kg/m3. -
Express the capacity to nearest 0.00001 m3.
Calibrated the container before initial use and at least annually thereafter.
7.5 SAMPLING
The sampling of fresh concrete shall be obtained by the appropriate method specified in section
one of this MS 26 : Part 1.
See clause 1.2.5.2.2 of this Fart of this Malaysian Standard.
7.7 PROCEDURE - -
7.7.1 General. Fill the container with concrete in such a way as to remove as much
entrapped air as possible (without significantly reducing the amount of entrained air, if present)
and to produce full compaction of the concrete with neither excessive segregation nor laitance.
For this purpose, by means of the scoop, place the concrete in the container in six layers
approximately equal in depth and compact each layer by using either the compacting bar or the
vibrator in the manner described in 7.7.2 or 7.7.3. After the top layer has been compacted, smooth
it level with the top of the container, using the plasterer’s trowels, skim the surface with the
straightedge and wipe clean the outside of the container. Weigh the container and its contents
to the nearest 50 g, and by subtracting the mass of the empty container calculate and record
the mass of the fully-compacted concrete to the nearest 50 g.
50
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
7.7.2 Compacting with compacting bar. When compacting each layer with the compacting
bar, distribute the strokes of the compacting bar in a uniform manner over the cross section
of the container, and ensure that the compacting bar does not penetrate significantly any previous
layer nor forcibly strike the bottom of the container when compacting the first layer. The number
of strokes per layer required to produce full compaction will depend upon the workability of the
concrete but in no case shall the concrete be subjected to fewer than 60 strokes per layer. Record
the number of strokes.
7.7.3 Compacting with vibrator. When compacting each layer by means of the vibrating
vibration.
7.8 CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTS

7.8.1 Calculation of density. Calculate the density, 0, (in kg/rn3) from the formula:
m
D=—
V
where,
m is the mass of the concrete’sarnple in the container (in kg);

V is the capacity of the container (in m3).
Express the result to the nearest 10 kg/rn3.
7.8.2 Calculation of volume of concrete per batch. If the volume of concrete produced
per batch, Vb, is required, calculate it (in m3) from the formula:
m + m +m + m
Vb =
0
where,
ma is the mass per batch of coarse aggregate in condition used (in kg);
mC is the mass per batch of cement (in kg);
m~is the mass per batch of fine aggregate in condition used (in kg);
m~is the mass of mixing water added to batch (in kg);
D is the density of fully-compacted fresh concrete (in kg/rn3).
Express the result to an accuracy of 1%.
51
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
7.8.3 Calculation of cement content. If the cement content, C, (in kg/rn3) of the fresh
concrete is required, calculate it from the formula (see 7.8.2 for definition of symbols):
m Dm
C=~.~_Eor C= C
m~+ m~+ ma m~+
Express the result to the nearest 5 kg/rn3.
7.9 REPORT
7.9.1 General. The report shall affirm that the density was determined in accordance with
this section of MS 26: Part 1. The report shall also state whether or not a certificate of sampling
is available. If available a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
7.9.2 Information to be included in the report

(c) capacity of container and date of latest calibration;
(d) method of compaction (hand or vibration) including type of equipment used, the
number of strokes of the compacting bar or the duration of vibration;
(e) density of compacted sample;
(f) name and designation of person carrying out test.
test report:
(a) name of the project and place where concrete was used;
(d) specification of concrete mix (e.g. strength or grade and nominal air content);
(e) workability of the concrete;
(f) volume of concrete per batch;
(g) cement content of the concrete.
52
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION EIGHT: METHOD FOR MAKING TEST CUBES FROM FRESH CONCRETE
8.1 SCOPE -
This section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard describes a method for making test cubes
of nominal sizes 100 mm and 150 mm out of fresh concrete. The method applies to plain and
air-entrained concrete made with lightweight, normal weight and heavy aggregates having a
nominal maximum size not exceeding 20 mm for 100 mm cubes and 40 mm for 150 mm cubes.
This method does not apply to aerated concrete, very stiff concrete, which cannot be compacted
by vibration alone, and no-fines concrete.
8.2 APPARATUS
8.2.1 Mould
8.2.1.1 Construction and assembly. The sides of the mould shall be manufactured from
ferrous metal having a hardness value of at least 90 Rockwell (scale B) when determined in
accordance with BS 891. The mould shall include a removable ferrous metal base plate. All parts
of the mould shall be robust enough to prevent distortion. Before assembly for use, the joints
between the sides of the mould and between the sides and the base plate shall be thinly coated
with oil or grease to prevent loss of water. The sides of the mould when assembled shall be
positively located and the whole assembly rigidly held together in such a manner as to prevent
leakage from the mould. The internal faces of the assembled mould shall be thinly coated with
release agent to prevent adhesion of the concrete.
The sides of the mould shall be clearly marked before use with a reference code to enable each
mould to be correctly assembled and, where appropriate, the cube to be marked for identification.
8.2.1.2 Tolerances on dimensional deviations of new of refurbished moulds. A new or refurbished

mould shall be accurate within the following limits.
(a) Dimensions. The internal depth of the mould when assembled and the distance
between the two pairs of opposite internal side faces, each based on the mean of four
symmetrically arranged measurements, shall be either 100 ± 0,15 mm or 150 ± 0.15 mm.
(b) Flatness. Excluding any indentations resulting from the hardness test, the flatness
tolerance (see BS 308: Part 3) for each internal side face when assembled shall be 0.03 mm
wide. The flatness tolerance for the joint faces, for the bottom surface of the assembled mould
sides and for the top surface of the base plate shall be 0.06 mm wide.
NOTE. The flatness tolerances should be checked using a straightedge complying with grade A of BS 5204 : Part 2 and
feeler gauges complying with BS 957.
(c) Squareness. When assembled, the squareness tolerances (squareness 4 of

BS 308: Part 3) for each internal side face with respect to the- adjacent internal side faces and
top of the base plate as datum faces shall be 0.5 mm wide.
(d) Parallelism. When assembled, the parallelism tolerance (parallelism 4 of BS 308

Part 3) for the top surface of the mould with respect to the top of the base plate as datum face
shall be 1.00 mm wide.
53
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
8.2.1.3 Tolerances on dimensions and flatnessof moulds in use. A mould shall be refurbished
or discarded when any dimensional deviation given in 8.3.1.2 exceeds twice the tolerance
specified for a new mould.
NOTE. Compliance with the tolerances on dimensions and flatness applicable to moulds in use should be checked at least
once a year and when there is any cause to suspect that the dimensions of the mould may not be within the specified limits.
The flatness of the side faces and the top surface of the base plate can be checked by using
either:
(a) a straightedge complying with BS 5204: Part 2, grade A and feeler gauges complying
with BS 957; or
(b) an assembly comprising two fixed reference points and a central movable reference
point, all three of which can be placed in contact with the surface. The central reference point -
should be linked to a dial gauge, complying with BS 907, which indicates the distance of the third
point from the line joining the two fixed reference points.
Checks should be made on the joint faces of individual parts and in several directions on the sides
of assembled moulds and on the base plate to ensure that the flatness is within the required
tolerance in any direction. - -
If the dial gauge assembly is used, suitable spacings between the fixed reference points are
80 mm and 120 mm for 100 mm and 150 mm moulds respectively. In such cases, the flatness
requirements of 0.06 mm for the internal side faces of moulds in use is equivalent to a deviation
of the movable reference point from the straight line joining the two fixed reference points does
not exceed 0.04 mm.
The corresponding value when checking the flatness of the joint faces or of the top surface of
the base plate with a dial gauge assembly is 0.08 mm.
8.2.1.4 Surface texture of internal side faces. The surface texture of each internal side face
shall not exceed 3.2 p.m Ra when determined in accordance with BS 1134.
NOTE. The internal faces of moulds usually become smoother with use but the surfaces should be checked annually and
at any time that the internal surfaces appear to have been roughened or damaged. (Accurate examples of different surface
textures complying with B5 2634:Part 1 permit tactile estimation of the surface texture).
8.2.3 Compacting bar or vibrator. Compacting bar made from iron or steel weighing
1 .8 ± 0.1 kg, at least 380 mm long and having a ramming face 25.0 ± 0.5 mm square, or a vibrating
hammer or table suitable for compacting the concrete in accordance with 8.5.2 or 8.5.3.
8.2.4 Plasterer’s steel float
8.2.5 Sampling tray. See clause 1.2.3.3 of this Part of MS 26.
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
8.3 SAMPLING
Obtain the sample of fresh concrete by the procedure given in section one of this Part of MS 26.
Commence making the cube as soon as possible after sampling.
8.4 PREPARING THE SAMPLE
covering of slurry is left adhering to the container(s).
over with the shovel to form a new cone, the operation being carried out three times. When
forming the cones, deposit each shovelful of the material on the apex of the cone so that the
of the cone is not displaced. Flatten the- third cone by repeated vertical insertion of the shovel
to contain the sample without spillage during mixing. - -
(b) Mixing the sample.The coning procedure is not suitable for very high workability
8.5 - PROCEDURE
8.5.1 Filling the mould. Place the mould on a rigid horizontal surface or on the vibrating
table and fill with concrete in such a way as to remove as much entrapped air as possible
(without significantly reducing the amount of entrained air, if present) and to produce full compaction
of the conrete with neither excessive segregation nor Iaitance. For this purpose, by means of
the scoop, place the concrete in the mould in layers approximately 50 mm deep and compact
each layer by using either the compacting bar or the vibrator in the manner described in 8.5.2
or 8.5.3. After the top layer has been compacted, smooth it level with the top of the mould,
using the plasterer’s float, and wipe clean the outside of the mould.
8.5.2 Compacting with compacting bar. When compacting each layer with the compacting
bar, distribute the stokes of the compacting bar in a uniform manner over the cross-section of
the mould, and ensure that the compacting bar does not penetrate significantly any previous layer
nor forcibly strike the bottom of the mould when compacting the first layer. The number of strokes
per layer required to produce full compaction will depend upon the workability of the concrete
but in no case shall the concrete be subjected to less than 35 strokes per layer for 150 mm cubes
or 25 strokes per layer for 100 mm cubes, except in the case of very high workability concrete.
Record the number of strokes.
55
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
vibration.
8.6 REPORT
8.6.1 GeneraL The report shall affirm that the cubes were made in accordance with this
section of MS 26 : Part 1. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of sampling is
available. It available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
(b) time and place of making cubes;

(c) number and nominal size of cubes;
(d) method of compaction (hand or vibration) including type of equipment used and the
number of strokes of the compacting bar or duration of the vibration;
(e) identification numbers or codes of cubes;
(f) name of person making cubes;
(g) certificate that the cubes were made in accordance with this section of this Part of
MS 26.
8.6.2.2 Optional information, If requested the following information shall be included in the
test report.

(d) - specification of concrete mix (e.g. strength or grade);
(e) workability of concrete;
(f) air content of concrete (if air-entrained);
(g) lengths and weights of test cube after end preparation;
(h) ages at which test cube are to be tested.
56
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION NINE: METHOD FOR MAKING TEST BEAMS FROM FRESH CONCRETE -
9.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard describes a method for making test beams
of nominal sizes 150 mm x 150 mm x 750 mm long and 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm long
out of fresh concrete. The method applies to plain and air-entrained concrete made with lightweight,
normal weight and heavy aggregates having a nominal maximum size not exceeding 20 mm for
100 mm x 100mm x 500mm long beams and 40mm for 150mm x 150mm x 750 mm long
beams. - -
by vibration alone, and no-fines concrete.
9.2 APPARATUS
9.2.1 Mould
9.2.1.1 Construction and assembly. The sides and ends of the mould shall be manufactured
from ferrous metal having a hardness value of at least 90 Rockwell (scale B) when determined
in accordance with BS 891. The mould shall include a removable ferrous metal base plate. All
parts of the mould shall be robust enough to prevent distortion. Before assembly for use, the joints
between the sides and ends of the mould and between the sides and the base plate shall be
thinly coated with oil or grease to prevent loss of water. The sides and ends of the mould when
assembled shall be positively located and the whole assembly rigidly held together in such a
mariner as to prevent leakage from the mould. The internal faces of the assembled mould shall
be thinly coated with release agent to prevent adhesion of the concrete.
The sides and ends of the mould shall be clearly marked before use with a reference code
to enable each mould to be correctly assembled and, where appropriate, the beam to be
marked for identification.
9.2.1.2 Tolerances on dimensional deviations ofnew or refurbished moulds. A new or refurbished

(a) Dimensions. The interrlal depth and width of the mould when assembled, each based
on the mean of six measurements symmetrically placed along the axis of the mould, shall
be either 100 ± 0.15 mm or 150 ± 0.15 mm.
tolerances (see BS 308 : Part 3) for each internal side face when assembled shall be 0.03 mm
wide over any length equal to the depth of the mould and 0.03 mm wide for the whole length
of the mould. The flatness tolerance for the end faces shall be 0.03 mm wide and for the joint
faces, for the bottom surface of the assembled mould sides and ends and for the top surface
of the base plate shall be 0.06 mm wide over any length equal to the depth of the mould and
0.6 mm over the whole length of the mould.
NOTE. The flatness tolerances should be checked by using a straightedge complying with grade A of BS 5204
Part 2 and feeler gauges complying with BS 957.
57
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
(c) Squareness. When assembled, the squareness tolerances (squareness 4 of BS 308:

Part 3) for each internal side face with respect to both end faces and the top of the base plate
as datum faces shall be 0.5 mm wide.

Part 3) for the top surface of the mould with respect to the top of the base plate as datum face
shall be 1.0 mm wide.
9.2.1.3 Tolerances On dimensions and flatness of moulds in use. A mould shall be refurbished
or discarded when any dimensional deviation given in 9.2.1 .2 exceeds twice the tolerance specified
for a new mould.
NOTE. Compliance with the tolerances on dimensions and flatness applicable to moulds in use should be checked at least
once a year and when there is any cause to suspect that the dimensions of the mould may not be within the specified
limits.
The flatness over the full length of the side face can be checked using a straightedge complying
with grade A of BS 5204 : Part 2 and feeler gauges complying with BS 957.
The flatness for any length of each internal face equal to the depth of the mould may be checked
by a similar method or by use of an assembly comprising two fixed reference points and
a central movable reference point, all three of which can be placed in contact with the surface.
The central reference point should be linked to a calibrated dial gauge, complying with BS 907,
which indicates the distance of the third point from the line joining the two fixed reference points.
Checks on the flatness should be made in several directions on the unassembled individual parts
and on assembled sides to ensure that the flatness iswithin the required tolerance in any direction
everywhere along the length of the mould.
If the dial gauge assembly is used, suitable spacings between the fixed reference points are
80mm and 120 mm for 100 mm and 150 mm moulds respectively. In such cases the flatness
requirement of 0.06 mm for the internal side faces and ends of moulds in use is equivalent to
a deviation of the movable reference points from the line joining the two fixed reference points
of 0.04 mm.
The corresponding value when using a dial gauge assembly to check the flatness of joint faces
or of the top surface of the base plate over any length up to the depth of the mould is 0.08 mm.
9.2.1.4 Surface texture of internal side and end faces. The surface texture of each internal
side and end face shall not exceed 3.2 urn Ra when determined in accordance with BS 1134.
NOTE. The internal faces of moulds usually become smoother with use but the surfaces should be checked annually and
~at any time that the internal surfaces appear to have been roughened or damaged. (Accurate examples of different surface
textures complying with B5 2634:Part. 1 permit tactile estimation of the surface texture.)
9.3 SAMPLING
Obtain the sample of fresh concrete by the appropriate procedure given in section one -of this
Part of MS 26. Commence making the beam as soon as possible after sampling.
58
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
forming the cones, deposit each shovelful of the material on the apex of the cone so that the
portions which slide down the sides are distributed as evenly as possible and so that the ôentre
NOTE. CAUTION. Contact between the skin and fresh concrete should be avoided by wearing appropriate impermeable
clothing, where contact does occur, the concrete should be washed off with clean cold water as soon as possible.
(a) Sampling tray. The vertical lips on the edges of the tray may have to be larger to
contain the sample without spillage during mixing.
the centre, working progressively round all sides of the sampling tray.
9.5 PROCEDURE
table and fill with concrete in such a way as to remove as much entrapped air as possible (without
significantly reducing the amount of entrained air, if present) and to produce full compaction of
the concrete with neither excessive segregation nor laitance. For this purpose, by means of the
scoop, place the concrete in the mould in layers approximately 50 mm deep and compact each
layer by using either the compacting bar or the vibrator in the manner described in 9.5.2 or 9.5.3.
After the top layer has been compacted, smooth it level with the top of the mould, using the
plasterer’s float, and wipe clean the -outside of the mould.
9.5.2 - Compacting wit/i compacting bar. When compacting each layer with the compacting
the mould, and ensure that the compacting bar does not penetrate significantly any previous layer
nor forcibly strike the bottom of the mould when compacting the first layer. The number of strokes
per layer required to produce full compaction will depend upon the workability of the concrete
but in no case shall be concrete be subjected to less than 150 strokes per layer for 150 mm
specimens or 100 strokes per layer for 100 mm specimens, except in the case of very high
workability concrete. Record the number of strokes.
vibration.
- 59
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
9.6 REPORT
9.6.1 General. The report shall affirm that the beam were made in accordance with this
section of MS 26: Part 1. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of sampling isavailable.
If available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
(b) time and place of making beams;
(c) number and nominal size of beams;
(e) identification numbers or codes of beams;

(f) name of person making beams;
(g) certificate that the beams were made in accordance with this section of this Part of
MS 26.
test report.

(d) specification of concrete mix (e.g. strength or grade);
(g) ages at which beams are to be tested.
60 -
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
SECTION TEN: METHOD FOR MAKING TEST CYLINDERS FROM FRESH CONCRETE
10.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard describes a method for making test cylinders
of nominal diameter 100 mm and 150 mm out of fresh concrete. The method applies to plain
and air-entrained concrete made with lightweight, normal weight and heavy aggregates having
a nominal maximum size not exceeding 20 mm for 100 mm cylinders and 40 mm for 150 mm
cylinders.
NOTE. A cylinder produced for determining tensile splitting strength should preferably be of 150 mm diameter with a length
of 150 mm. A cylinder produced for determining the static modulus of elasticity should preferably be of 150 mm diameter
with a length of 300 mm (see MS 26 : Part 2 Section 4 and 8).
by vibration alone, and no-fines concrete. -
10.2 APPARATUS
10.2.1 Mould
10.2.1.1 Construction and assembly. The mould shall comprise a cylindrical former and a base
plate both of ferrous metal having a hardness value of at least 90 Rockwell (scale B) when
determined in accordance with BS 891. The cylindrical former shall be capable of being split
longitudinally to facilitate removal of the concrete cylinder. All parts of the mould shall be robust
enough to prevent distortion. Before assembly for use, the joints between the two sections of the
cylindrical fOrmer and between them and the base plate shall be thinly coated with oil or grease
to prevent loss of water. When the mould is assembled, the sections of the cylindrical former shall
be positively located and the whole assembly rigidly held together in such a manner as to prevent
leakage from the mould. The internal faces of the assembled mould shall be thinly coated with
release agent to prevent adhesion of the concrete.
The sections of the cylindrical former shall be clearly marked before use with a reference code
to enable each mould to be correctly assembled and, where appropriate, the cylinder to be marked
for identification.
10.2.1.2 Tolerances on dimensional deviations of new or refurbished moulds. A new or refurbished

(a) Dimensions. The internal diameter of the mould when assembled, based on the mean
of three pairs of measurements at right angles to each other, symmetrically placed along the length
of the mould, shall be 100 ± 0.15 mm or 150 ± 0.15 mm. The length, based on the mean of
four symmetrically placed measurements, shall be the nominal size ± 0.5 mm.
tolerance (see BS 308: Part 3) for the top surface of the base plate shall be 0.03 mm wide. The
flatness tolerance for the top and bottom surfaces of the cylindrical former, when assembled,
shall be 0.06 mm wide and for the longitudinal joint faces shall be 0.06 mm per 150 mm length
and 0.15 mm for each entire surface.
61
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
NOTE. The flatness of the top surface of the base plate and of the longitudinal ioint faces can be checked by using
a straightedge complying with grade A of B5 5204 Part 2 and feeler gauges complying with B5 957.
(c) Squareness. When assembled, the squareness tolerance (squareness 3 of BS 308:

Part 3) for the axis of the mould with respect to the top surface of the base plate as datum face
shall be a cylinder of diameter 1.0 mm perpendicular to the datum face.

Part 3) for the top surface of the mould with respect to the top surface of the base plate as
datum face shall be 1.0 mm wide.
(e) Cylindricity. The cylindricity tolerance (see BS 308 : Part 3) for the inner cylindrical
surface shall be 0.5 mm.
(f) Surface texture. The surface texture of the top surface of the base plate shall not
exceed 3.2 p.m Ra~when determined in accordance with BS 1134.
10.2.1.3 Scoop. See clause 2.2.3 of this Part of MS 26.
10.2.1.4 Compacting bar or vibrating hammer or table. Compacting bar made from iron or of
steel weighing 1.8 ± 0.1 kg, 380 mm long and bar having a ramming face 25 ± 0.5 mm square,
or a vibrating hammer or vibrating table suitable for compacting the concrete in accordance with
10.5.2 or 10.5.3.
10.2.1.5 Plasterer’s trowels
10.2.1.6 Sampling tray, minimum dimensions 900 mm x 900 mm x 50 mm deep of rigid

construction and made from a non-absorbent material not readily attacked by cement paste.
10.2.1.7 Square mouthed shovel, size 2 in accordance with BS 3388.
10.2.1.8 Glass capping plate (required if capping in accordance with 10.6.1 .3.2 or 10.6.1 .3.5),
at least 8 mm thick with surfaces complying with the tolerances specified in 10.2.1.2(b) and (f).
10.2.1.9 Top plate (required if capping in accordance with 10.6.1.3.3), at least 8 mm thick,
which can be clamped to one end of the mould. The surface clamped to the mould shall comply
with the tolerances specified in 10.2.1 .2(b) and (t) and shall have a Rockwell (scale B) Hardness
Value* of at least 95 when tested in accordance with BS 891 : Fart 1.
10.2.1.10 Grinding equipment (reqUired if grinding in accordance with 10.6.1.3.4), capable of

producing a surface in accordance with the tolerance specified in 10.6.2.
10.2.1.11 Steel collar (required if capping in accordance with 1 0.6.1 .3.5), with a machined edge
suitable for use when capping in accordance with 10.6.1.2.5.
10.2.1.12 Steel plate (required if capping in accordance with 10.6.1.3.6), with the working
surface complying with the tolerances specified in 10.2.1 .2(b) and (f) and with a Rockwell
(scale B) Hardness Value* of at least 95 when tested in accordance with BS 891 : Part 1.
*lndentations on the face resulting from the hardness test are acceptable.
62
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
10.3 SAMPLING
Obtain the sample of fresh concrete by the procedure given in section one of this Part of MS 26.
Commence making the cylinder as soon as possible after sampling.
of the cone is not displaced. Flattern the third cone by repeated vertical insertion of the shovel
(a)- Sampling tray. The vertical lips on the edges of the tray may have to be larger
10.5 PROCEDURE
table and fill with concrete in such a way as to remove as much entrapped air as possible
(without significantly reducing the amount of entrained air, if present) and to produce full
compaction of the concrete with neither excessive segregation nor laitance. For this purpose,
by means of the scoop place the concrete in the mould in layers approximately 50 mm
deep and compact each layer by using either the compacting bar or the vibrator in the manner
described in 10.5.2 or 10.5.3. After the top layer has been compacted, smooth it level with the
top of the mould, using the plasterer’s float, and wipe clean the outside of the mould.
10.5.2 Compaction wit/i compacting bar. When compacting each layer with the compacting
bar distribute the strokes of the compacting bar in a uniform manner over the cross-section of
the mould, and ensure that the compacting bar does not penetrate significantly any previous
layer nor forcibly strike the bottom of the mould when compacting the first layer. The number
of strokes per layer required to produce full compaction will depend upon the workability of the
concrete but in no case shall the concrete be subjected to less than 30 strokes per layer for
150 mm cylinders or 20 strokes per layer for 100 mm cylinders, except in the case of very high
workability concrete. Record the number of strokes.
63
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
vibration.
10.6 PREPARATION OF UPPER SURFACE OF CYLINDER
10.6.1 Method of preparation
10.6.1.1 General. Prepare the upper surface of the cylinder in accordance with either 10.6.1.2
or 10.6.1.3 depending upon the method by which the cylinder will be tested.
10.6.1.2 Preparation for tensile splitting strength test. Using the float, finish the upper surface
of the cylinder level with the top of the mould.
10.6.1.3 Preparation for static modulus of elasticity test
10.6.1.3.1 General. If practicable, prepare the upper surface of the cylinder whilst it is still
workable by one of the two methods given in 10.6.1 .3.2 or 10.6.1 .3.3. If this is not possible, allow
the concrete to harden and grind the upper surface by the method given in 10.6.1.3.4; if this
is impracticable, use one of the two methods given in 10.6.1.3.5 and 10.6.1.3.6.
10.6.1.3.2 Mortar capping of newly-cast cylinder. Fill the mould to within 3 mm to 6 mm of the
top, leaving the surface rough to provide a key for the capping material. As soon as possible
after the mould is filled, prepare a mortar using a cement similar to that used in the concrete
and fine sand not less than 90% of which passes a 300 ~tmBS 41 0 woven wire sieve and is
retained on a 150 jtm BS 410 woven wire sieve. Ensure that the water/cement ratio of the mortar
does not exceed that of the concrete and that the mortar is of a stiff workability. Remove any
free water which has collected on the upper surface of the concrete with a sponge, blotting paper
or other suitable material before applying the mortar. Using the float, apply the mortar firmly and
-
compact it in such a manner as to leave a slightly convex surface above the edge of the mould.
Coat the glass capping plate with a thin film of release agent and press it on to the cap with
a rotary motion until it makes complete contact with the rim of the mould. Leave the plate in
position until the cylinder is removed from the mould.
10.6.1.3.3 Finishing of newly-cast cylinder by use of the steel top plate. Using the float, finish
the upper surface of the cylinder level with the top of the mould. Coat the steel top plate with
a thin film of release agent and press it on to the concrete with a rotary motion until it makes
complete contact with the rim of the mould. Clamp the top plate firmly to the top of the mould
and place the mould, complete with top and base plates, with its axis horizontal on supports which
will prevent any movement. Lightly tap the capping plate to ensure good contact with the surface
of the concrete. Allow the cylinder to harden in a horizontal position until it is removed form the
mould. -
10.6.1.3.4 Grinding of hardened cylinder. Using the float, finish the upper surface of the cylinder
level with the top of the mould. When the concrete has hardened, grind the surface until it
complies with 1 0.6.2. Water only shall be used as a coolant during grinding.
10.6.1.3.5 Mortar capping of soaked hardened cylinder. Roughen the upper surface of the
cylinder by wire brushing or hacking. Place the cylinder, with its roughened surface uppermost,
64
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
on a horizontal surface. Clamp the steel collar to the cylinder in such a way that the upper edge
is horizontal and just extends above the highest part of the concrete surface. Fill the collar with
a mortar of stiff workability composed of three parts by mass of high alumina cement complying
with BS 915 to one part by mass of fine sand, not less than 90% of which passes a 300 p.m
BS 410 woven wire sieve and is retained on a 150 p.m BS 410 woven wire sieve. Using the
float, apply the mortar firmly and compact it in such a manner as to leave a slightly convex surface
above the edge of the collar. Coat the glass capping plate with a thin film of release agent and
press it on to the cap with a rotary motion until it makes complete contact with the edge of the
collar. Immediately place the cylinder, with the collar and plate, in moist air of at least 90%
humidity and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. Remove the plate and collar when the mortar is
sufficiently hard to permit this to be done without damaging the cap.
10.6.1.3.6 Sulphur capping of dry hardened cylinder. Prepare the capping material by mixing
equal parts of sulphur and fine siliceous sand, not less than 90% of which passes a 300 ~.tm
BS 410 woven wire sieve and is retained on al 50 p.m BS 41 0 woven wire sieve, with a small
proportion (1% to 2%) of carbon black. Heat the capping material to a temperature of approximately
130°C to 150°C and allow to cool slightly whilst stirring continuously. Pour the mixture on to the
horizontal steel plate which has been slightly warmed and thinly coated with paraffin. Place the
cylinder into the layer of capping material, in such a manner that the cap is as thin as practicable
using a guide to ensure that the axis is vertical.
After a few seconds, cut the surplus capping material from the cylinder and remove the cylinder
from the supporting surface.
When testing the cylinder, check that the cap does not flow or fracture before the concrete fails.
After the test, check to ensure that no air was entrapped between the cylinder and the cap.
10.6.2 Tolerances. If the upper end is ground or capped when hardened, check to ensure
the end complies with the following limits.
(a) Flatness. The flatness tolerance (see BS 308 : Part 3) for the prepared surface is
0.06 mm wide.
(b) Parallelism. The parallelism tolerance (parallelism 4 of BS 308 : Part 3) for the
prepared surface with respect to the lower surface of the cylinder as datum face is 2.0 mm wide.
Any slight protrusion on a capped surface may be removed by scraping.
10.7 CONDITIONING OF PREPARED CYLINDER
Cylinders prepared by capping as in 10.6.1.3.5 shall, after the caps have hardened, be further
cured in accordance with section eleven of this Part of MS 26 for a minimum of 48 h before testing.
Similarly, cylinders whose ends have been prepared by grinding as in 10.6.1.3.4 shall also be
further cured for a minimum of 48 h.
All cylinders may be removed from the water for not more than 1 h for measuring dimensions
but shall be re-immersed for at least 1 h before testing.
65
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
10.8 REPORT
10.8.1 General. The report shall affirm that the cylinders were made in accordance with
this section of MS 26 : Part 1. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of sampling is
available. If available a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
(b) time and place of making cylinders;
(c) number and nominal size of cylinders;

(e) method of end preparation;
(f) identification numbers or codes of cylinders;
(g) name of person making cylinders;
(h) certificate that the cylinders were made in accordance with this section of this Part
of MS 26.
test report.

(d) spec~ificationof concrete mix (e.g. strength or grade);
(g) lengths and weights of cylinder after end preparation:
(h) ages at which cylinders are to be tested.
66
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION ELEVEN : METHOD OF NORMAL CURING OF TEST SPECIMENS (27°C)
11.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard describes the method of normal curing of
concrete specimens (cubes, beams or cylinders made in accordance with sections eight, nine
and ten of this Malaysian Standard) at 27°C for strength tests at ages of 1 day and over.
11.2- APPARATUS -
11.2.1 Curing tank. A curing tank constructed from any material which is of adequate
strength and will resist corrosion. The internal dimensions of the tank shall be appropriate for
the number and size of the specimens to be accommodated, shall permit adequate circulation
of water and shall be such that specimens can be easily removed. The tank shall contain clean
water which shall be replaced at least once a month. At any point in the tank where specimens
are stored the temperature shall be 27 ± 2°C.
11.2.2 Thermometer, suitable for measuring maximum and minimum moist air and water
curing temperatures.
11.3 PROCEDURE
Immediately after making specimens (see sections eight, nine, and ten of this Part of MS 26) store
them in a place free from vibration and in conditions- which will prevent loss of moisture. If it
is necessary to move the specimens to the place of storage, move them in their moulds ensuring
no loss of concrete. Store the specimens either:
(a) in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of not less than 90% in a moist air curing
room or a cabinet; or
(b) under damp matting or any other suitable damp material wrapped completely with
polyethylene or other impervious sheeting. -
NOTE. The preferred method for storing -specimens is that described in (a).
Whichever method of moist air storage is used, maintain the temperature of the specimens at
27 ± 5°C if the specimens are to be tested at an age of 7 days or more, or at 27 ± 2°C if the
specimens are to be tested at an earlier age.
Demould specimens to be tested at 24 h just before testing. Demould specimens to be tested

at greater ages within the period 16 h to 28 h after the addition of water to the other constituents
in the mix unless the concrete has not achieved sufficient strength to enable specimens to be
demoulded during this period. In such cases, delay demoulding for a further 24 h. During this
further period, continue the storage of the specimens in the moist air conditions.
Mark each specimen clearly and indelibly with an identification number or code. Unless required
for test at 24 h, either submerge the specimens immediately in the curing tank or immediately
- 67
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
prepare them for transporting to another location. Keep all specimens which are immediately
transferred to the curing tank submerged and remove them just before testing unless it is
necessary to transport them to another location for testing.
Immediately after removal from the moulds or from the curing tank, pack specimens to be
transported in such a way as to prevent any significant change in moisture content.
NOTE. This may be achieved by using special boxes having compartments lined with wet felt or other suitable material.
After filling, seal each box or enclose it in polyethylene or other impervious sheeting. Alternatively,
the specimens may be packed in damp sand or in wet sacks and enclosed in a polyethylene
bag. Store the transported specimens in the curing tank for not less than 24 h before the time
of testing. This transfer of specimens may take place at any time between demoulding of the
specimens and 24 h before the time of testing but it shall be effected in as short a time as is
practicable. -
In order to provide adequate circulation of water and to facilitate the removal of the specimens
from the curing tank ensure that there is at least 15 mm of water horizontally between specimens
and the sides of the tank. Continue the curing in water as long as possible up to the time of testing.
Record the daily maximum and minimum moist air and water curing temperatures using either
maximum and minimum thermometers or continuous recording instruments.
11.4 AGE OF TEST SPECIMENS
Tests shall be carried out within the following tolerances on the ages for testing.
± 30 mm for ages up to and including 30 h

± 2 h for ages above 30 h and up to and including 100 h
± 8 h for ages above 100 h and up to and including 60 days
± 1 day for ages above 60 days.
The ages shall be calculated from the time of adding the water to the other materials in the
concrete mix.
NOTE 1. Preferred ages for testing are 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, 13 and 26 weeks and 1 year.
NOTE 2. If the test results are used to compare the performance of different testing machines closer tolerances may be
appropriate.
11.5 REPORT
11.5.1 General. The report shall affirm that the specimens were cured in accordance with
this section of MS 26 Part : 1. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of sampling
and specimen preparation is available. If available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
(a) identification number or codes of specimens;

(b) location of moist air curing; - -
(c) method of moist air curing;

(d) period of moist air curing;
(e) maximum and minimum moist air and water curing temperatures:
(f) certificate that curing has been carried out in accordance with this section of MS 26.
test report:
(a) time of adding the water to the other materials in the concrete mix;
(b) time of making specimens;
(c) time of immersion of specimens in curing tank(s), if applicable;
(d) time of removal of specimens in curing tank(s), if applicable;
(e) temperature record during moist air curing;
(f) temperature record during water curing; -
(g) ages at which specimens are to be tested.
69
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION TWELVE: METHODS OF ACCELERATED CURING OF TEST CUBES
12.1 SCOPE
This section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard describes the methods of accelerated curing
of concrete test cubes at 35°C, 55°C and 82°C.
12.2 DEFINITION
For the purposes of this section of this Part of this Malaysian Standard, the definitions given
in section one and MS 523 apply together with the following:
12.2.1 Specimen. The test cube complete with its mould and cover plate.
12.3 35°C METHOD
12.3.1 Apparatus -
12.3.1.1 Cover plate. A rigid plate, such as a base plate, to cover each mould (see
MS 26: Part 1: Section 8) to isolate the concrete from the water of the curing tank (see 12.3.1 .2).
The material for this cover plate shall be such that it does not react with the concrete or the
mould.
12.3.1.2 Curing tank. A curing tank constructed from any material which is of adequate strength
and corrosion resistant, provided with a lid and instruments for continuous recording of the water
temperature. The internal dimensions of the tank shall be appropriate for the number and size
of the test specimens to be accommodated, shall permit adequate circulation of the water and
shall be such that the specimens can be removed easily. In order to provide adequate circulation
of the water there shall be at least 30 mm of water above, below and around each specimen
and in addition the specimens shall be at least 30 mm above the heating element. The curing
tank shall be capable of holding sufficient water and of being controlled so that the temperature
of the water at any point within the tank is maintained at 35 ± 2°C at all times.
NOTE 1. For a convection circulating tank a volume of water at least 15 times the volume of concrete to be cured has
been found to be satisfactory. If the tank is provided with forced circulation a volume of water at least 10 times the volume
of concrete to be cured has been found to be satisfactory.
NOTE 2. It is advantageous to provide the tank and its lid with suitable thermal insulation. -
NOTE 3. The power input required will be dependent on various factors including:
(a) the surrounding air temperature;

(b) the degree of tank insulation; -
(c) the volume of concrete placed in the tank;

(d) the volume of water in the tank.
NOTE 4. Attention is drawn to the need for electrical safety both in the construction of the tank and in its installation and
use (see CP 1017).
-If’
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
12.3.1.3 Thermometer, suitable for measuring maximum and minimum curing temperatures.
12.3.1.4 Temperature recorder (optional see 12.6.2.2(f)). Recording thermograph and probe
or similar arrangement fitted in the curing tank to provide a continuous record of the temperature
in the curing tank for the whole of the curing cycle (see figure 12.1).
12.3.2 Making test cubes. Make the test cubes by the method described in section
eight of this Part of MS 26. Finish the upper surface of the concrete level with the top of the mould
and then wipe the mould clean.
12.3.3 Procedure. Thinly coat the cover plate with release agent to prevent adhesion of the
concrete and place it in positionto form a watertight seal; then immediately lower the specimens
gently into the filled curing tank, ensuring that they are spaced in accordance with 12.3.1 .2. Totally
immerse the specimens for a period of 24 h ± 15 mm, continuously recording the water temperature
which shall be maintained at 35 ± -2°C at all times except for a period not exceeding 15 mm
immediately after immersion of the specimens. Remove the specimens from the curing tank,
demould the cubes and clearly and indelibly mark each one with an identification number or
code. Test the cubes as soon as possible after removal from the curing tank.
12.4 55°C METHOD
12.4.1 Apparatus
12.4.1.1 Cover plate, as described in 12.3.1.1
12.4.1.2 Curing tank, as described in 12.3.1.2 but maintained at 55 ± 2°C.
12.4.1.3 Cooling tank. A cooling tank constructed from any material which is of adequate
strength and corrosion resistant. The internal dimensions of the tank shall be appropriate for
the number and size of cubes to be accommodated, shall permit adequate circulation of
water and shall be such that the cubes can be removed easily. The tank shall contain clean
water which shall be renewed at least -once a month and be controlled so that the temperature
of the water at any point in the tank shall be maintained at 27 ± 5°C during the period that
cubes are being cooled.
12.4.1.4 Thermometer, as described in 12.3.1.3
12.4.1.5 Temperature recorder (optional, see 12.6.2.2(f)), as described in 12.3.1.4.
12.4.2 Making test cubes. Test cubes shall be made in accordance with 12.3.2. -
12.4.3 Procedure. Place the cover plate in position after being thinly coated with release
agent to prevent adhesion of the concrete and leave the specimens to stand undisturbed in a
place free from vibration at a temperature of 27 ± 5°C for at least 1 h. Lower the specimens
gently into the filled curing tank not less than 1 h 30 mm or more than 3 h 30 mm after the
addition of the water to the other materials in the concrete mix,- ensuring that the specimens are
spaced in accordance with 12.3.1.2.
Totally immerse the specimens for a period of not less than 19 h 50 mm, continuously recording
the water temperature which shall be maintained at 55 ± 2°C at all times except for a period
not exceeding 15 mm immediately after immersion of the spe~cimens.Remove the specimens
71
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
from the water, demould the cubes and clearly and indelibly mark each one with an identification
number or code. Immerse the cubes in the cooling tank not more than 20 h 10 mm after their
time of immersion in the curing tank. Leave the cubes in the cooling tank for a period of between
1 h and 2 h and then test as soon as possible after removal from the cooling tank.
NOTE. To minimize the difficulties in handling and the iisk of iniury to the operator, it is recommended that suitable gloves
or other aids should be used.
12.5 82°C METHOD
12.5.1 Apparatus
12.5.1.1 Cover plate, as described in 12.3.1.1.
12.5.1.2 Curing tank, as described in 12.3.1.2 but maintained at 82 ± 2°C. Additionally, the
tank shall be fitted with a tap to enable the tank to be drained at the end of the curing period.
NOTE 1. A typical tank is shown in figure 12.1.
NOTE 2. For the tank shown in figure 12.1, two 6 kW electric immersion heaters have been found to be adequate.
12.5.1.3 Temperature recorder, as described in 12.3.1.4.
12.5.2 Making test cubes. Test cubes shall be made in accordance with 12.3.2.
12.5.3 Procedure. Place the cover plate in position after being thinly coated with release
agent to prevent adhesion of the concrete and leave the specimens to stand undisturbed in a
place free from vibration at a temperature of 27 ± 5°C for at least 1 h and not more than 12 h.
Place the specimens in the empty curing tank and fill with water at a temperature approximately
27°C until the specimens are totally immersed. Ensure that the specimens are spaced in
accordance with 12.3.1.2. Raise the temperature of the water 82 ± 2°C in 2 h ± 15 mm and
maintain it for a further 14 h ± 15 mm. Discharge the water from the tank within 5 mm and remove
the specimens from the tank. Demould the cubes and mark clearly and indelibly with an identification
number or code. Test the cubes whilst they are still hot, as soon as possible after removal
from their moulds and not later than 1 h after the discharge of the curing water.
NOTE. To minimize the difficulties in handling and the risk of injury to the operator, it is recommended that suitable gloves
or other aids should be used.
12.6 REPORT
12.6.1 General. The report shall affirm that the cubes were cured in accordance with this
section of MS 26 : Part 1. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of sampling and
specimen preparation is available. If available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
(a) identification number or codes of specimens;

(b) method of curing (35°C, 55°C or 82°C method);
-1’,
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
(c) - maximum and minimum curing temperatures;

(d) certificate that curing has been carried out in accordance with this section of MS 26.
test report: -
(a) time of adding water to the other materials in the concrete mix;
(b) time of making cubes;
(c) time of immersion of cubes into curing tank;
(d) time of removal of cubes from curing tank; -
(e) time when cubes placed in and removed from cooling tank (55°C method only);
(f) temperature record during curing.
Thermograph
probe
Figure 12.1. Typical curing tank for 82°C method

73
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
SECTION THIRTEEN : METHOD FOR MAKING AND CURING NO-FINES TEST CUBES
13.1 SCOPE
This section of this Malaysian Standard describes the method for making and curing 150 mm test
cubes of fresh no-fines concrete made with aggregate having a nominal maximum size of 40 mm
or less.
13.2 APPARATUS
13.2.1 Mould. The mould shall comply with the requirements of section 8 of this Part of
MS 26.
13.2.2 Cover plate. A rigid plate, such as a baseplate, to cover each mould. The material
for this cover plate shall be such that it does not react with the concrete or the mould.
13.2.3 Mould extension piece. The mould extension piece shall comprise a square metal
frame at least 25 mm high with internal dimensions that will allow the bearing plate of the tamper
(13.2.5) to be placed on the concrete in the mould. It shall be fitted with two locating screws
passing through lugs on the opposite sides of the frame in such a way as to enable the frame
to be secured to the top of the mould, as shown in figure 13.1.
NOTE. The use of 25 mm x 25 mm x 6 mm angle and 4 mm diameter set screws has been found to be suitable.
13.2.5 Tamper, a tamper made of metal and of robust construction. It shall consist of a
rammer and a guide tube, secured to the base of which is a flat metal bearing plate (see figure
13.1 for atypical construction). The rammer shall have a mass of 2.5 kg ± 25 g and the complete
tamper a total mass of 4.8 kg ± 50 g.
NOTE. A suitable apparatus is the 2.5 kg rammer for the standard compaction test specified in BS 1377, made of mild
steel and having a mild steel bearing plate welded centrally to the bottom of the guide tube.
13.2.6 Sampling tray, minimum dimensions 900 mm x 900 mm x 50 mm deep of rigid

construction and made from a non absorbent material not readily attacked by cement paste.
13.2.7 Square mouthed shovel, size 2 in accordance with BS 3388.
13.2.8 Plasterer’s trowels.
13.2.9 Thermometer, suitable for measuring maximum and minimum storage temperature.
13.3 SAMPLING
Obtain the sample of fresh no-fines concrete by the procedure given in section one of this Part
of MS 26. Commence making the cube as soon as possible after sampling.
74
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
covering of slurry is left adhering to the cotainer(s).
13.5 PROCEDURE
13.5.1 Making test cubes. Fit the extension piece to the mould and, using the scoop,
carefully place a layer of concrete, about 75 mm deep, into the mould, ensuring that the corners
of the mould are properly filled; this can be done with the aid of a small trowel or spatula. Place
the square bearing plate of the tamper on top of the concrete with the axis of the tamper vertical.
Raise the rammer to the top of its travel so that it just touches the top of the sleeve without slack.
Allow the rammer to drop freely, through a distance of 300 mm, on to the concrete.
Complete ten such blows on the bottom layer of concrete. Carefully fill the top half of the mould
until the concrete is just above the top of the mould and slightly heaped towards the centre.
Compact the top layer with ten blows of the hammer in a similar manner to the bottom layer.
Remove the mould extension piece. If the surface of the concrete is above the top of the mould;
obtain a reasonably true face by gently scraping the surface of the concrete. Use the edge of
the float, in a sawing motion, to remove surplus material and fill surface voids with individual
particles where necessary. Complete the making of the cube within 10 mm of the disharge of the
concrete from the mixer or the delivery vehicle. -
13.5.2 Curing. Immediately after making the cubes store them in a place free from vibration
and in conditions which will prevent loss of moisture. If it is necessary to move the specimens
to the place of storage, move them in their moulds ensuring no loss of concrete.
Store the specimens either: -
(a) in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of over 95% in a moist air curing room
or a cabinet; or
(b) providing that no free water can enter the cubes, under damp matting or any other
suitable damp material wrapped completely with polyethylene or other impervious sheeting.
NOTE. The preferred method of storage of specimens is that described in (a). If a moist air curing room or a cabinet
is not available each cube can be sealed in its mould using a cover plate.
Whichever method of moist air storage is used, maintain the temperature of the cubes at 27 ± 2°C.
Demould the cubes within a period of 1 6 h to 28 h after the water was added to the mix unless
this is not possible due to the concrete having inadequate strength. If this is the case, continue
curing the cubes in the moist conditions for a further 24 h before demoulding.
75
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
Upon demoulding, mark each cube clearly and indelibly with an identification number or code.
Immediately after marking, thoroughly wet each cube by immersing it in water until air bubbles
cease to rise. Drain the cube and immediately place it in a polyethylene bag. If necessary, protect
the polyethylene bag from puncturing by first wrapping the cube in damp hessian or other suitable
damp or non-absorbent material.
Seal the bag and store it at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C and transport it, in the bag, to the testing
laboratory before it is 5 days old. At the laboratory, keep the cube in its bag, at a temperature
of 27 ± 2°C, until it is not less than 5 days and not more than 6 days old. Remove the cube from
the bag and allow it to dry in the laboratory.
Keep a record of the daily maximum and minimum storage temperatures, these data being
obtained by the use of either maximum and minimum thermometers or of continuous recording
instruments.
13.6 AGE OF TEST CUBES
Tests shall be carried out within ± 8 h of the required age up to and including 60 days and
within ± 1 day above 60 days.
The ages shall be calculated from the time of addition of the water to the other materials in the
concrete mix.
NOTE. Preferred ages for testing are 7, 14 and 28 days, 13 and 26 weeks and 1 year.
13.7 REPORT
13.7.1 General. The report shall affirm that the cubes were made and cured in accordance
with this section of this MS 26 Part : 1. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of
sampling isavailable. If available, a copy of the certificate shall be provided.
13.7.2 Information to be included in the report -
(b) time and place of making cubes;
(c) number of cubes;
(d) identification numbers or codes -of cubes;
(e) maximum and minimum curing temperatures:
(f) method and length of curing prior to demoulding;
(g) age at removal from polyethylene bag;
(h) name and designation of person making cubes;
(j) certificate that the cubes have been made and cured in accordance with this section
of this MS 26.
76
MS 26: Part 1 :1991-
test report:
(a) time of adding the water to the other materials in the concrete mix;
(b) name of project and place where concrete used;
(c) name of supplier and source of concrete;
(d) date and time of production of concrete or delivery to site;
(e) specification of concrete mix;
(f) ages at which cubes are to be tested.

4 air vent holes ~6

25
27
a) Guide tube
E
a
‘C
0
a)
a.
rO
Rammer
a
Rubber gasket 1.6 thick
~ 50
Air vent holes ~6

Bearing plate
147 sq. 5 thitk
pieces
Locating
screw
150 cube mould
AM dimensions are in millimetres.
Figure 13.1. Typical apparatus for making no-fines concrete test cubes
77
MS 26 : Part 1 : 1991
Appendix B
Publication referred to:
MS 26 : Pt. 2: Methods of testing concrete Pt. 2: Methods of testing hardened concrete
MS 29 : Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources
MS 30 : Methods for sampling and testing of mineral aggregates, sands and fillers.
MS 523 : Specification for concrete, including ready-mixed concrete

(currently under revision)
MS 1195 : Code of Practice for structural use of concrete

BS 308 : Engineering drawing practice Pt. 3: Geometric tolerancing
BS 410 : Specification for test sieves
BS 427 : Method for vickers hardness test Pt. 1: Testing of metals

Pt. 2: Verification of the testing machine
BS 891 : Method for Rockwell hardness test

Pt. 1: Testing of metals
BS 915 : High alumina cement
BS 970 : Specification for wrought steel for mechanical and allied engineering purposes
Pt. 1: General inspection and testing procedures and specific requirements for
carbon, carbon managense, alloy and stainless steels
BS 1134 : Method for the assessment of surface texture

Pt. 1: Method and instrumentation
Pt. 2: General information and guidance
BS 1142 : Fibre building boards
BS 1610 : Materials testing machines and force verification equipment

Pt. 1: Specification for the grading of the forces applied by materials testing
machines.
Pt. 2: Specification for the grading of equipment used for verification of the
forces applied by materials testing machines.
BS 2648 : Performance requirement for electrically-heated laboratory drying ovens.
BS 3388 : Forks, shovels and spades.
78
MS 26 : Part 1 :1991
BS 3693 Recommendations for the design of scales indexes Pt. 2: Indicating instruments
to be read to 0.33 1.25 per cent resolution.
—
BS 4019 Core drilling equipment

Pt. 1: Basic equipment
Pt. 2: Concrete drilling equipment
BS 5497 Precision of test methods

Pt. 1: Guide for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard
test method.
CP 1017 Distribution of electrcity on construction and building sites
DD 90 Volumetric method for determination of compacting factor of fresh concrete
ISO 1920* Concrete tests — Dimensions, tolerances and applicability of test specimen
ISO 4109* Fresh concrete Determination of the consistency slump test

— —
ISO 4110* Fresh concrete — Determination of consistency — vabe test
ISO 4848 Concrete — Determination of air content of freshly mixed concrete — Pressure
method
ISO 6276 Concrete, compacted fresh — Determination of density
* Referred to in the Foreword only.
79
TANDA-TANDA STANDARD SIRIM
Tanda-tanda Standard SIRIM seperti yang tertera di bawah adalah tanda -tanda pengesahan
dagangan berdaftar. Tanda-tanda ini hanya boleh digunakan oleh mereka yang dilesenkan
di bawah skim tanda pengesahan yang dijala nkan oleh SIRIM mengikut nombor Standard
Malaysia yang berkaitan. Kewujudan tanda -tanda ini pada atau berkaitan dengan sesuatu
barangan adalah sebagai jaminan bahawa barangan tersebut telah dikeluarkan melalui satu
sistem penyeliaan, kawalan dan ujian, yan g dijalankan semasa pengeluaran. Ini termasuk
pemeriksaan berkala kerja -kerja pengeluaran menurut skim tanda pengesahan SIRIM yang
dibentuk untuk menentukan bahawa barangan tersebut menepati Standard Malaysia.
Keterangan-keterangan lanjut mengenai syarat -syarat lesen boleh didapati dari:
Ketua Pengarah
Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan Perindustrian Malaysia
Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Seksyen 2, Peti Surat 7035
40911 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
SIRIM STANDARD MARKS

The SIRIM standard marks shown above are registered certification trade marks. They may
be used only by those li censed under the certification marking scheme operated by SIRIM
and in conjunction with relevant Malaysian Standard number. The presence of these Marks
on or relation to a product is assurance that the goods have been produced under a system
of supervision, control and testing, operated during production, and including periodi cal
inspection of the producer’s works in accordance with the certification marking scheme of
SIRIM designed to ensure compliance with a Malaysian Standard.
Further particulars of the terms of license may be obtained from:
Director-General
Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section 2. P.O.Box 7035
40911 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
3
INSTITUT STANDARD DAN PENYELIDIKAN PERINDUSTRIAN MALAYSIA
Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan Perindustrian Malaysia (SIRIM) telah ditubuhkan hasil dan cantuman Institut
Piawaian Malaysia (SIM) dengan Institut Negara bagi Penyelidikan Sains dan Perusahaan (NISIR) di bawah
Undang-Undang Malaysia Akta 157 pada l6hb. September 1975:Akta Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan
Perindustrian Malaysia (Perbadanan) 1975. Institut mi diletakhak dengan kuasa untuk memamju dan
menjalankan penyelidikan perindustrian dan untuk menyedia dan memajukan standard-standard bagi barangan-
barangan, proses-proses, amalan-amalan dan perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan; dan bagi mengadakan peruntukan
bagi perkara-perkara yang bersampingan atau berkaitan dengan maksud-maksud itu.
Satu daripada tugas-tugas Institut mi adalah menyediakan Standard-Standard Malaysia dalam bentuk
penentuan-penentuan bagi bahan-bahan, keluaran-keluaran, kaedah-kaedah ujian, kod-kod amalan yang
sempurna dan selamat, sistem penamaan dan lain-lain. Standard-Standard Malaysia disediakan oleh
jawatankuasa-jawatankuasa perwakilan yang menyelaras keupayaan pengilang dan kecekapan pengeluaran
dengan kehendak-kehendak yang munasabah dan pengguna. Ia menuju ke arah mencapai kesesuaian bagi
maksud, memudahkan pengeluaran dan pengedaran, kebolehsalingtukaran gantian dan pelbagai pilihan yang
mencukupi tanpa pembaziran.
Standard-Standard Malaysia disediakan hanya setelah penyiasatan yang lengkap menujukkan bahawa sesuatu
projek itu disahkan sebagai yang dikehendaki dan berpadanan dengan usaha yang terlibat. Hasil ml berasaskan
persetujuan sukarela dan memberi pertimbangan kepada kepentingan pengeluar dan pengguna. Standard-
Standard Malaysia adalah sukarela kecuali is dimestikan oleh badan-badan berkuasa melalui peraturan-
peraturan, undang-undang persekutuan dan tempatan atau cara-cara lain yang sepertinya.
Institut mi beroperasi semata-mata berasaskan tanpa keuntungan. Ia adalah satu badan yang menerima bantuan
kewangan dan Kerajaan, kumpulan wang dan bayaran keahlian, hasil dan jualan Standard-Standard dan
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SIRIM dan kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang berhubung dengan Penstandardan, Penyelidikan Perindustrian dan
Khidmat Perunding.
STANDARDS AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA
The Standard and Industrial research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) is established with the merger of the
Standards Institution of Malaysia (SIM) and the National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR)
under the Laws of Malaysia Act 157 on ~ September 1975: Standards and Industrial Research Institute of
Malaysia ~(Incorporation) Act 1975. The Institute is vested with the power to provide for the promotion and
undertaking of industrial research and for the preparation and promotion of standards for commodities,
processes, practices and services; and to provide for matters incidental to or connected with those purposes.
One Of the functions of the Institute is to prepare Malaysian Standards in the form of specifications for materials
and products, methods of testing, codes of sound and safe practice, nomenclature, etc. Malaysian Standards are
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The Institute operates entirely on a non-profits basis. It is a grant aided body receiving financial aid from the
Government, funds from membership subscriptions and proceeds from sales of Standards and other
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MS 26 PART 1 1991新拌混凝土取样

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MS 26 PART 1 1991新拌混凝土取样

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MS ISO/IEC TR 10037 : 1995

METHODS OF TESTING CONCRETE

STANDARDS & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA

© SIRIM. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced

The following references relate to the work on this standard:

Committee reference: SIRIM 491 /4

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date of issue Text affected

7 Method for determination of density of compacted fresh concrete 49

Association of Consulting Engineers (Malaysia)

Encik Md. Ali Abd. Razak (Chairman)! Universiti Malaya

Encik Kee Peng Choy Cement and Concrete Association

Part I of this revised Malaysian Standard consists of 13 sections:

Section 1 : Method of sampling fresh concrete

Section 5 : Method for determination of flow

preparation of upper surface of the cylindrical specimens.

This revised Malaysian Standard consists of 3 parts. The others being:

Part 2 : Methods of testing hardened concrete

Part 3 : Recommendations for use of non-destructive testing of-concrete.

METHODS OF TESTING CONCRETE

SECTION ONE : METHOD OF SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE

1.2 SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE ON SITE

1.2.1.11 Ready-mixed concrete. Concrete mixed in a stationary mixer or in a truck-mixer

1.2.1.12 Sample. A quantity of concrete, consisting of a number of standard scoopfuls, taken

Table 1.1 Quantities of concrete required

Test or specimen No. of standa rd

100 mm cube (per pair or cubes) 4

standard scoopfuls of concrete.

1.2.3.3 Sampling tray, minimum dimensions 900 mm x 900 mm x 50 mm deep of rigid

of sampling error, see clause 1 .2.5)

1.2.4 Procedure of sampling. Wherever possible the sampling should be done

1.2.5 Determination of sampling error

1 .2.5.1 General. The determination of sampling error is intended to provided a monitor of

Calculate the following:

Sampling error (in per cent)

Report sampling error and testing error to the nearest 0.1%.

1.2.7 Certificate of sampling: The certificate shall be as in the appendix A.

1.3 MIXING AND SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE IN THE LABORATORY

1.3.1 Sampling of materials. Representatives samples of the concreting materials shall

1.3.2 Preparation of materials

or in a suitable mixer, in such a manner as to ensure the greatest possible uniformity in

1.3.2.2 Aggregate. The aggregates shall be in one of the following conditions:

(a) oven-dry as described in BS 812 : Part 2;

1.3.4.3 If an admixture is to be incorporated, measure the amount to within 5% of the

1.3.4.4.1 Pan mixer

1.3.4.4.2 Drum mixer

it over using a hand tool to ensure uniformity before sampling.

1.3.4.7.2 Information to be included in the test report

(a) results of any test on the fresh concrete;

NOTE. All dimensions are in millimetres.

Figure 1.1 Scoop

Figure 2.1 Typical mould for slump

CERTIFICATE OF SAMPLING IN ACCORDANCE WITH MS 26 : PART 1 : SECTION 1

Date and time of sampling

Location in works of the concrete

which the sample represents

Location of sampling (e.g. on discharge

Delivery note number or other means

Sample identity number

Ambient temperature and weather conditions

Signature of person responsible for sampling

SECTION TWO : METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SLUMP