Selection of Equipment for compaction in the Field.

Submitted in partial fulfilment for continuous Assessment exam 2 for

Soil Mechanics II
By
AVIJIT LAHA
Roll No-27901322052
Department of Civil Engineering

SEPTEMBER- 2023

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
would like to express mu special thanks of gratitude of my teacher AMITAVA Sir as
well as our principal also who gave me the golden opportunity wonderful project of the
topic setback distance which also helped me a doing lot of research, I came to know so
many new things, I am really thankful to them.

Date-11.09.2023
AVIJIT LAHA

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 ABSTRACT

Compaction is very important in construction of plinth in building.

The contractor needs the densest and stable earthwork obtainable at
lowest price. Now a day’s plinth filling is not completed within
stipulated time due to lack of workers. The problem of settlement of
floor finish occurs due to poor compaction. Now day’s vibrator is
used for compaction of plinth, but it is harmful to operator which
causes Reynaud’s Syndrome with symptoms that include numbness
and tingling in the fingers, and ultimately loss of sensation and
muscle. Hence to overcome this problem we have made an attempt to
design the impact type of compaction machine which increases the
density of soil and reduce the settlement of floor finish. The demands
for labour have been reduced by introducing this compaction
equipment as well as all the disadvantages of the vibrator have been
overcome.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
ABSTRACT 3
LIST OF TABLES 5
LIST OF FIGURES 6

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 LIST OF TABLE

Table no. Title Page

Introduction 7
Factors to be considered when 11
selecting compaction equipment
Conclusion 12

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 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure no Title Page no

2.1 Suitable Road Field Compaction 9
Equipment
2.2 Spectrum of capabilities of 10
different rollers

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 INTRODUCTION

To select the most appropriate type of compaction equipment, a

project manager must know the characteristics, capabilities, and
limitations of the different types of rollers. Generally, compaction
equipment uses one or more of the following methods to accomplish
soil densification:
1. Static weight (pressure)

2. Kneading (manipulation)

3. Impact (sharp blow)

4. Vibration (shaking)

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Factors to be considered when selecting compaction equipment
i. Type and properties of the soil
ii. Density desired to be achieved
iii. Placement layer thicknesses
iv. Size of job
v. Compaction equipment available
Spectrum of capabilities of different rollers
See Table 1 for the spectrum of capabilities for different types of
rollers and the type of associated compactive effort as summarized in
the following lines of sentences:
Sheeps-foot rollers are best for predominantly fine-grained cohesive
materials such as clays and sandy clays. Steel-drum rollers are best
for larger particle materials such as gravel or cobble.
Vibratory rollers are ideal for well-graded or gap-graded materials
because the shaking action causes the smaller particles to fill voids
around the larger grains.
Considerations for the selection of most suitable compaction
equipmentThe considerations for the selection of the most suitable
compactor among the three common types of compactors used in
construction works are outlined below.
A. Sheeps-foot Roller
This type of roller has feet that are square or angular and taper
down away from the drum. This design allows the roller to achieve
better penetration on the initial pass, resulting in a thorough,
uniform compaction throughout the layer. This roller compacts the
material from the bottom of the layer to the top and walks out after
achieving the desired density. It is suitable for compacting all fine-
grained materials but is generally not suitable for use on
cohesionless granular materials.

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2.1FIG. Suitable Road Field Compaction Equipment

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2.2 FIG. Spectrum of capabilities of different rollers

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 B. Pneumatic-tyred Roller
Pneumatic-tyred rollers are suitable for compacting most granular
materials. They are not effective in compacting fine-grained clays.
Pneumatic-tyred rollers compact using two types of compaction
effort—static-load and kneading. The contact pressure is controlled
by adjusting the tyre pressure and the wheel load. Contact pressure is
affected by tyre pressure and wheel load. The contact Pressure of the
tyre is determined primarily by the tyre pressure. The tyre side walls
carry about 10% of the load and the trapped air supports 90% of the
load. Contact Area = (0.9 x wheel load)/tyre pressure. The gross
contact area of the tyre is used in the analysis because the contact
pressure neglects the raised portions of the tyre. Therefore, Contact
Pressure = wheel load/contact area.
Wheel load: wheel load is significant for compacting at the required
depth or in test rolling to detect subsurface defects. Research has
shown that an increase in wheel load is advantageous in compacting
thick layers.
urface coverage: the wheel arrangement and tyre deflection determine
the surface coverage. The arrangement is as shown in Figure 1 below
(for 7 tyred pneumatic rollers). The arrangement is to ensure complete
coverage in one pass.

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Conclusion:

Average compaction requirements should be gotten from the rolling

test.
b. Vibration has two measurements—amplitude (the measurement of
the movement or throw) and frequency (the number of repetitions per
unit of time). The amplitude controls the depth to which the vibration
is transmitted into the soil, and the frequency determines the number
of blows or oscillations that are transmitted in a period of time.

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