ADDITIONAL EXERCISES, 3rd year October, 2023

Fill in a modal or a synonymous expression and the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I'm getting fat. I really (try) to lose some weight, like the doctor said. have to/need to
2. What a lovely day! (we/go) for a walk? Shall we go…?
3. Don't worry. You (not/dress) formally for the party. don’t have to/ don’t need to
4. If you want to borrow something, you (ask) first. should/ have to ask
5. Fortunately, he (convince) the police that he was innocent. was able to convince
6. She (start) working on Monday. The manager has told her. will have to start
7. I missed the film last night because I (work) late. had to work
8. You look tired. You (get) some sleep. should get

Write what each person would say in each situation using modals, then identify their use. Sometimes more than
one answer is possible.
BEAR IN MIND: THERE IS MORE THAN ONE POSSIBILITY!
1. A student has just come into the class and left the door open. It is noisy outside. You say to him:
Could you close the door, please?
2. You have opened the kitchen window to let in some fresh air. Your sister, who is recovering from a bad cold,
comes in. You say to her:
You shouldn’t stay in the kitchen./ You might/may not recover fully if you stay in the kitchen.
3. Your friend wants to pay for your dinner. You tell her it’s not necessary.
You don’t have to pay for the dinner.
4. Your friend wants to go on an expensive holiday in the summer, but she spends too much money on other things.
You say to her:
You shouldn’t spend money on other things.

Fill in the correct form of the verbs.

1. A: I ‘m thinking (think) of going to that new Chinese restaurant in the city centre to celebrate my birthday. Have
you been (you/be) there yet?
B: No, I haven’t been (not/be), but people say (say) that the food is fantastic.
A: Would you like to go there next weekend?
B: Yes, that’s a great idea. I ‘ll write (write) it in my diary now.
2. Last March Sam decided (decide) that he had had (have) enough of working in a bank and that he would ride
(ride) around the world on a bicycle. He has been (be) away for six months now and no one knows (know)
whether he will return (return) or not.
3. Jan and Paul are arguing (argue) in the next room at the moment. It seems (seem) that Paul came (come) in late
last night after he had promised (promise) Jan that he would be (be) home in time for dinner. By the time he got
(get) home, Jan had given (give) his dinner to the dog and had been waiting (wait) by the window for hours!
4. Tom had been saving up (save up) to go to France for months and yesterday when he counted (count) his
savings he realised (realise) he had enough. Unfortunately as he was driving (drive) to the travel agent’s he
remembered that he hadn’t paid (not/pay) his rent for two months so he turned (turn) round and drove (drive)
back home again.
Fill in one word.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Criticism is one of the “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse” according to Dr. John Gottman, the renowned
(know) researcher of marriage and couple relationships. Decades of research data indicate that criticism,
defensiveness, blame, and stonewalling are four predictors of divorce.
In fact, when there is contempt, he believes that divorce is almost inevitable. Contempt may show up
when one of the spouses rolls their eyes or curls their lip as they speak. I notice that Jeff has that subtle eye
roll when he talks about Ellie’s weight. Ellie is sensitive to his criticism of her weight and grows immediately
defensive, “I can’t lose the weight I gained making your babies, as I keep telling you.” Jeff says nothing in
reply.
Ellie and Jeff have waited too long to seek help. Years of ignoring the problems, focusing on their work and
the children, and increasing emotional distance led/brought them finally to my office. I suspect that Jeff
already has one foot out the door. At our next meeting, he announces his intention to move out of their
home at the end of the school year when their youngest graduates from high school. Our work shifts from
“saving their marriage” to helping them have a “better divorce.”
When to Do Something About the "Horsemen" in Your Home
Are you noticing any of the/these Four Horsemen” in your relationship? Are you arguing about the same
things again and again? Are you shutting out your partner? Are you willing to listen to your spouse’s
complaints and problem solve, or do you get defensive (defend) and turn the blame around? Nancie
complains that humour and affection were once important in her marriage, but now she feels lonely even
when her partner is home. If you notice these, don’t ignore the signs. For most couples, by the time they
seek marital therapy, on the edge of ending their relationship, it is on average six years too late.
Bids and Turns
Dr. Gottman writes that in a healthy relationship there are at least five positive interactions for every
negative interaction. Gottman describes interactions as “bids” and “turns.” Even simple bids, such as a
smile or a glance, are bids or requests for connection, attention, affection, affirmation, or other positive
response(s) (respond). Here are examples of bids: “I read that California is in a drought.” “Did you hear
that siren just now?” “I think I’ll make pasta tonight.” One could/might/may say that virtually everything
you say to your partner is a bid.
There are different kinds of responses to bids, called “turns.” One might “turn toward,” or acknowledge
the bid; “turn away,” or ignore the bid; or “turn against,” or respond aggressively (aggression). Here are
different turns (responses) to the bids above.
“I read that California is in a drought” (bid). “I read that too, it’s quite worrisome, isn’t it?” (turn toward).
“...” (ignoring, turn away). “Why do you spend so much time reading the news when it’s past dinner
time?” (turn against).
“Did you hear that siren just now?” (bid). “I didn’t, but now I wonder if there’s another wildfire near
here/us?” (turn toward). “Nope” (turn away). “Can’t you see I’m busy?” (turn against).
Do you believe that you contribute to positive bids and turns in a ratio of 5:1 or better? If the ratio is lower,
it is a sign that your relationship is in trouble. Dr. Gottman found that a poor ratio of bids and turns was a
reliable predictor/ prediction (predict) of divorce.