Lab No.

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY KARACHI CAMPUS

Department of Electrical Engineering

Power System Protection

LAB EXPERIMENT # 3

Interlocking of Three Phase Induction Motor

For Forward and Reverse Operation

OBJECTIVES:
 Install and operate the forward and reverse of three phase induction motor circuit by
using magnetic contactors.
 Understand the methods to reverse the rotation of motor.
 Understand the effect of mechanical interlocking failure of magnetic contactors.

EQUIPMENT:
 Electrical Circuit Fault Trainer.
 Power Cable and Set of Test Leads.
 Three Phase Induction Motor.
 Multimeter.

THEORY:
The direction of rotation RI any three-phase motor can be reversed by changing any two-line
power supply of motor. Because the motor is connected to the power line regardless of which
direction is operated, a separate contactor is needed for each direction. As only one motor is in
operation, then only one overload relay is needed to protect the motor.

Figure 3.1 Magnetic Contactor

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 Lab No. 3

Figure 3.1 shown three pole magnetic contactor with two auxiliary contact and 220VAC coil.
Terminal 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 are main contact. Terminal 13-14, 53-54 are NO contact usually used to
latch the push button in control wiring and 21-22, 61-62 are NC contact witch usually used to
non-active other component when the system is run. A1-A2 is are coil of magnetic contactor. To
active the magnetic contactor the coil must be energized by 220 VAC.

Interlocking:
Interlocking prevents some action from taking place until some other action performed. In the
case of reversing starter, interlocking is used to prevent both contactors from being energized at
WKH same times. This would result in two of three-line V being shorted together. Interlocking
force V one contactor to be de-energized before the other one can be energized. Electrical
interlocking is accomplished by connecting the Normally Closed auxiliary contact on one
contactor in series with the coil of other contactor.
Figure 3.2 shows a Forward and Reverse of three phase motor by using Magnetic Contactor,
assumed that the “forward” push button is pressed. A current will release into magnetic
contactor coil KM1 through Normally Close KM2 and magnetic contactor KM1 will be
energized by an electromagnetic flux to change the contact position. The main contact of KM1
will close and connecting line voltage to the motor through the thermal overload. Auxiliary
contact NO of KM1 will be closed and latch the “forward” button after it is pressed.
At this time the “Reverse” button will not be active, due to the electrical and mechanical
interlocking systems used in this type of control circuit. If you will change the direction of
rotation, press” stop” button and let the motor stops running.

Reverse Operation:
When the “Reverse” push button is pressed, a current released into the Normally Close KM1 to
magnetic contactor coil KM2 and magnetic contactor KM2 will be energized by an
electromagnetic flux to change the contact position. The main contact of KM2 will close and
connecting line voltage to the motor through the thermal overload. Because of connections of
the L1 and L2 are reversed, the motor rotation will reverse. It is impossible for the reverse
contacts opened until “stop” button is pressed, due to the electrical and mechanical interlocking
systems used in this type of control circuit.
Toggle switches are installed to simulate the fault condition. The magnetic contactor may has
fault/ broken with coil, NO or NC or main contact. Magnetic contactor which broken may cause
of over current through the magnetic contactor.

PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATION:

(a). Safety Checklist:
➢ Be careful, keep your hands or clothing caught in moving parts such as Motor.
➢ Observe all electrical safety precautions. High voltage is present in this experiment, do
not make any connections when the power is on! Ensure the polarity is correct!

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 Lab No. 3

(b). Running the System:

1. Prepare the required equipment for this experiment.
2. Before starting the experiment, ensure the ELCB and three phase MCB are OFF
3. Make the circuit connection as shown in Figure 3.2.
4. Ensure the circuit is correct and get permission from Instructor to do this experiment.

Figure 3.2. Forward and Reverse of Three Phase Induction Motor Circuit by Using Magnetic
Contactor

Explanation:

A = Start forward Push Button B = Stop Push Button

C = Start reverse Push Button KM = Magnetic Contactor
OL = Thermal Overload

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 Lab No. 3

5. Switch ON the ELCB, three phase MCB and observe the power lamp indicator.
Does the power lamp indicator light? Yes / No

6. Switch ON the single phase MCB.

7. Press the push button “A” and observe the speed, rotational motor and lamp indicator status.
Record the data at Table 3.1 column “Push Button A” below

Table 3.1 Speed and Current Measurement

No Selector Switch Position Push Button A Push Button B Push Button C

1 Speed _______RPM _______RPM _______RPM

2 Rotational clockwise/anticlockwise on/off clockwise/anticlockwise

3 Run Lamp indicator on/off on/off on/off

8. Press the push button “B” to stop the motor.

9. Lets the motor is stop run, then observe the speed, rotational motor and lamp indicator status,
record the data at Table 3.1 column “Push Button B”.
10. Press the push button “C” and observe the speed, rotational motor and lamp indicator status,
record the data at Table 3.1 column “Push Button C”.
11. Press push button “B” to stop the motor.
12. Switch OFF the single phase MCB.
13. By using multimeter check the coil resistance of KM1. Write the data in the Table 3.2
column “Normal”.
14. Switch ON the single phase MCB. Press push button “A” to run the motor at forward
rotation.
15. By using multimeter check voltage of supply, coil, of KM1 and write the data in the Table
4.2 column “Normal”.
Table 3.2 Magnetic Contactor KM1 Measurement at Normal and Faulty Condition (Coil Faulty)

No Observation Location Point Normal Faulty Unit

Control circuit
1 L to N V
voltage input

2 A1 to A2 V
Coil KM1
A1 to A2 Ohm

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 Lab No. 3

16. Select the fault simulator switch F5 to “Faulty” position and observe the motor and
control lamp indicator.

Does the motor run? Yes / No

Does the run lamp indicator light? Yes / No.

17. Press push button “A” to run the motor.

Does the motor run? Yes / No

By using multimeter check voltage of supply and coil of KM1 and write the data in the Table
3.2 column “Faulty”.
18. Switch OFF the single phase MCB.
19. By using multimeter check the coil resistance of KM1 and write the data in the Table 3.2
column “Faulty”. Analyze the data to find trouble shoot.
20. Switch F5 to “normal” position.
21. By using multimeter check the coil resistance and auxiliary contacts NO, NC continuity of
KM1. Write the data in the Table 3.3 column “Normal”.
22. Switch ON the single phase MCB. Press push button “A” to run the motor at forward rotation.
23. By using multimeter check voltage of Control Circuit Input supply, coil and auxiliary contact
of KM1 and write the data in the Table 3.3 column “Normal”.
24. Select the fault simulator switch F6 to “Faulty” position.

Does the motor run? Yes / No.

25. Press push button “A” to start the motor and hold the button.

Does the motor run? Yes / No.

26. Release the push button “A”.

Does the motor run? Yes / No.

27. By using multimeter check voltage of supply, coil, auxiliary contacts NO, NC of KM1 and
write the data in the Table 3.3 column “Faulty”.
28. Switch OFF the single phase MCB.

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 Lab No. 3

Table 3.3. Magnetic Contactor KM1 Measurement at Normal and Faulty Condition (NO Faulty)

No Observation Location Point Normal Faulty Unit

Control circuit voltage

1 L to N VAC
input
2 A1 toA2 VAC
Coil KM1
A1 toA2 Ohm
13 to N VAC
3 14 to N VAC
13 to 14 Ohm
21 to N VAC
Auxiliary contact NC
4 22 to N VAC
KM1
21 to 22 Ohm

29. By using multimeter check the coil resistance and auxiliary contacts NO, NC continuity of
KM1 and write the data in the Table 3.3 column “Faulty”. Analyze the data to find trouble
shoot.
30. Switch F6 to “normal” position.
31. By using multimeter check the coil resistance and auxiliary contacts NO, NC continuity of
KM1. Write the data in the Table 3.4 column “Normal”.
32. Switch ON the single phase MCB, Press push button “A” to run the motor at forward
rotation.
33. By using multimeter check voltage of supply, coil, auxiliary contact NO, NC of KM1 and
write the data in the Table 3.4 column “Normal”.

Table 3.4. Magnetic Contactor KM1 Measurement at Normal and Faulty Condition (NC Faulty)

No Observation Location Point Normal Faulty Unit

Control circuit voltage

1 L to N VAC
input
2 A1 toA2 VAC
Coil KM1
A1 toA2 Ohm
Auxiliary contact NO 14 to N VAC
3
KM1 13 to 14 Ohm
21 to N VAC
4 Auxiliary contact NC KM1
22 to N Ohm

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 Lab No. 3

34. Select the fault simulator switch F7 to “Faulty” position.

Does the motor run? Yes / No.
35. By using multimeter check voltage of supply, coil, auxiliary contacts NO, NC of KM1
and write the data in the Table 3.4 column “Faulty”.
36. Press push button “B” to stop the motor.
37. Switch OFF the single phase MCB.
38. By using multimeter check the coil resistance and auxiliary contact NO, NC continuity of
KM2 and write the data in the Table 3.4 column “Faulty”. Analyze the data to find trouble
shoot.
39. Select the fault simulator switch F7 to “Normal” position.

40. After finishing this experiment, turn off the three phase MCB, ELCB and unplug the
power cable.
41. Remove all cable connections and return equipment to the respective place

CONCLUSION:

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