Math Answers and WB

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Chapter 1
5/10/06
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-1 Skills Practice 1-1 Practice

Variables and Expressions Variables and Expressions
10:26 AM
Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression.
1. the sum of a number and 10 2. 15 less than k 1. the difference of 10 and u 2. the sum of 18 and a number
x 10 k 15 10 u 18 x
Page A3
3. the product of 18 and q 4. 6 more than twice m 3. the product of 33 and j 4. 74 increased by 3 times y
18q 2m 6 33j 74 3y
5. 15 decreased by twice a number 6. 91 more than the square of a number
Lesson 1-1
5. 8 increased by three times a number 6. the difference of 17 and 5 times a number
15 2x x2 91
8 3x 17 5x
7. three fourths the square of b 8. two fifths the cube of a number
3 2
7. the product of 2 and the second power of y 8. 9 less than g to the fourth power b2 x3
Answers
2y 2 g4 9 4 5
Evaluate each expression.

Evaluate each expression.
9. 112 121 10. 83 512 11. 54 625
9. 82 64 10. 34 81
12. 45 1024 13. 93 729 14. 64 1296
A3
11. 53 125 12. 33 27
(Lesson 1-1)
15. 105 100,000 16. 123 1728 17. 1004 100,000,000
13. 102 100 14. 24 16
Write a verbal expression for each algebraic expression. 18–25. Sample answers

15. 72 49 16. 44 256
18. 23f 19. 73 are given.
17. 73 343 18. 113 1331 the product of 23 and f seven cubed
20. 5m2 2 21. 4d3 10
Write a verbal expression for each algebraic expression. 19–26. Sample answers 2 more than 5 times m squared 4 times d cubed minus 10
are given.
19. 9a 20. 52 22. x3 y4 x cubed 23. b2 3c3
the product of 9 and a 5 squared times y to the fourth power b squared minus 3 times c cubed
k5 4n2
21. c 2d 22. 4 5h 24. 25.
6 7
the sum of c and twice d the difference of 4 and 5 times h one sixth of the fifth power of k one seventh of 4 times n squared
23. 2b2 24. 7x3 1 26. BOOKS A used bookstore sells paperback fiction books in excellent condition for
2 times b squared 1 less than 7 times x cubed $2.50 and in fair condition for $0.50. Write an expression for the cost of buying e
excellent-condition paperbacks and f fair-condition paperbacks. 2.50e 0.50f
Glencoe Algebra 1
25. p4 6q 26. 3n2 x 27. GEOMETRY The surface area of the side of a right cylinder can be found by multiplying
p to the fourth power plus 3 times n squared minus x twice the number by the radius times the height. If a circular cylinder has radius r
6 times q and height h, write an expression that represents the surface area of its side. 2rh
Chapter 1 8 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 9 Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-1 Word Problem Practice 1-1 Enrichment

Variables and Expressions
5/10/06
1. SOLAR SYSTEM It takes Earth about BLOCKS For Exercises 5–7, use the Toothpick Triangles
365 days to orbit the sun. It takes following information. Variable expressions can be used to represent patterns and help solve problems. Consider
Uranus about 85 times as long. Write a A toy manufacturer produces a set of blocks the problem of creating triangles out of toothpicks shown below.
numerical expression to describe the that can be used by children to build play
number of days it takes Uranus to orbit
10:26 AM
structures. The product packaging team is
the sun. 365 85 analyzing different arrangements for
packaging their blocks. One idea they have
is to arrange the blocks in the shape of a
cube, with b blocks along one edge.
Lesson 1-1
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Page A4
2. TECHNOLOGY There are 1024 bytes in
a kilobyte. Write an expression that 1. How many toothpicks does it take to create each figure? 3; 5; 7
describes the number of bytes in a b
Answers
computer chip with n kilobytes.
1024 n or 1024n
b
2. How many toothpicks does it take to make up the perimeter of each image? 3; 4; 5
b
5. Write an expression representing the

3. THEATER Howard Hughes, Professor total number of blocks packaged in a
A4
Emeritus of Texas Wesleyan College, cube measuring b blocks on one edge. 3. Sketch the next three figures in the pattern.
b3
(Lesson 1-1)
reportedly attended a record 6136
theatrical shows. Write an expression to
represent the average number of theater
shows attended if he accumulated the

record over y years. Use the expression to
Figure 4 Figure 5
find the average number of shows Mr.
Hughes attended per year if he went to 6. The packaging team decides to take one
the theater for 31 years. layer of blocks off the top of this package.
6136 Write an expression representing the
or about 198 shows per year
y number of blocks in the top layer of the
package. b 2 Figure 6
4. Continue the pattern to complete the table.
Image Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4. TIDES The difference between high and
low tides along the Maine coast in Number of toothpicks 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
7. The team finally decides that their Number of toothpicks in
November is 19 feet on Monday and x
favorite package arrangement is to take Perimeter
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
feet on Tuesday. Write an expression to
show the average rise and fall of the tide 2 layers of blocks off the top of a cube
for Monday and Tuesday. 19 x measuring b blocks along one edge. Write 5. Let the variable n represent the figure number. Write an expression that can be used to
find the number of toothpicks needed to create figure n. 2n 1
2 an expression representing the number
Glencoe Algebra 1
of blocks left behind after the top two

layers are removed. 6. Let the variable n represent the figure number. Write an expression that can be used to
b 3 2b 2 or (b 2) b 2 find the number of toothpicks in the perimeter of figure n. n 2

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-2 Lesson Reading Guide 1-2

1-2 Study Guide and Intervention
Order of Operations Order of Operations
10:26 AM
Get Ready for the Lesson Evaluate Rational Expressions Numerical expressions often contain more than one
operation. To evaluate them, use the rules for order of operations shown below.
Read the introduction to Lesson 1-2 in your textbook.
Step 1 Evaluate expressions inside grouping symbols.
In the expression 4.95 0.99(117 100), 4.95 represents the Order of Step 2 Evaluate all powers.
0.99 Operations Step 3 Do all multiplication and/or division from left to right.
Page A5
regular monthly cost of internet service, represents the
Step 4 Do all addition and/or subtraction from left to right.
cost of each additional hour after 100 hours, and (117 100)
represents the number of hours over 100 used by Nicole in a given month.
Example 1 Evaluate each expression. Example 2 Evaluate each expression.
Read the Lesson a. 7 2 4 4 a. 3[2 (12 3)2]
1. The first step in evaluating an expression is to evaluate inside grouping symbols. List 7244784 Multiply 2 and 4. 3[2 (12 3)2] 3(2 42) Divide 12 by 3.
15 4 Add 7 and 8. 3(2 16) Find 4 squared.
Answers
four types of grouping symbols found in algebraic expressions.
11 Subtract 4 from 15. 3(18) Add 2 and 16.
parentheses, brackets, braces, and fraction bars 54 Multiply 3 and 18.
b. 3(2) 4(2 6)
3(2) 4(2 6) 3(2) 4(8) Add 2 and 6. 3 23
b.
Lesson 1-2
2. What does evaluate powers mean? Use an example to explain. 6 32 Multiply left to 4 3
2
Sample answer: To evaluate a power means to find the value of the right. 3 23

38
Evaluate power in numerator.
power. To evaluate 43, find the value of 4 4 4. 38 Add 6 and 32. 42 3 42 3
11
A5
Add 3 and 8 in the numerator.

3. Read the order of operations on page 11 in your textbook. For each of the following 42 3
(Lesson 1-2)
expressions, write addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or evaluate powers to 11
tell what operation to use first when evaluating the expression. Evaluate power in denominator.
16 3
11
a. 400 5[12 9] addition

Multiply.
48
b. 26 8 14 subtraction Exercises
c. 17 3 6 multiplication Evaluate each expression.
1. (8 4) 2 8 2. (12 4) 6 96 3. 10 2 3 16
d. 69 57 3 16 4 division
19 3 4 15 60
e. multiplication 4. 10 8 1 18 5. 15 12 4 12 6. 3
62 30 5
51 729
f. evaluate powers
7. 12(20 17) 3 6 18 8. 24 3 2 32 7 9. 82 (2 8) 2 6
2 9
Remember What You Learned 4 32 8(2) 4

10. 32 3 22 7 20 5 27 11. 1 12. 6
12 1 84
4. The sentence Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally (PEMDAS) is often used to remember
the order of operations. The letter P represents parentheses and other grouping symbols. 2 42 82 4 32 3 2
Glencoe Algebra 1
Write what each of the other letters in PEMDAS means when using the order of 13. 250 [5(3 7 4)] 2 14. 2 15.
35
2
(5 2) 2
operations.
E—exponents (powers), M—multiply, D—divide, A—add, S—subtract 4(52) 4 3
16. 1 17.
52 3 1
18. 3
82 22
4(4 5 2) 20(3) 2(3) 3 (2 8) 4
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 1-2

1-2 Skills Practice
5/10/06
Evaluate Algebraic Expressions Algebraic expressions may contain more than one Evaluate each expression.
operation. Algebraic expressions can be evaluated if the values of the variables are known.
First, replace the variables with their values. Then use the order of operations to calculate 1. (5 4) 7 63 2. (9 2) 3 21
the value of the resulting numerical expression.
10:26 AM
3. 4 6 3 22 4. 28 5 4 8
Example Evaluate x3 5( y 3) if x 2 and y 12.
x3 5( y 3) 23 5(12 3) Replace x with 2 and y with 12.
8 5(12 3) Evaluate 23.
5. 12 2 2 16 6. (3 5) 5 1 41
8 5(9) Subtract 3 from 12.
Page A6
8 45 Multiply 5 and 9.
53 Add 8 and 45. 7. 9 4(3 1) 25 8. 2 3 5 4 21
Answers
The solution is 53.
9. 30 5 4 2 12 10. 10 2 6 4 26
Lesson 1-2
Exercises
4 3 11. 14 7 5 32 1 12. 6 3 7 23 22
Evaluate each expression if x 2, y 3, z 4, a , and b .
5 5
A6
1. x 7 9 2. 3x 5 1 3. x y2 11
13. 4[30 (10 2) 3] 24 14. 5 [30 (6 1)2] 10
(Lesson 1-2)
3 3
4. x3 y z2 27 5. 6a 8b 9 6. 23 (a b) 21 15. 2[12 (5 2)2] 42 16. [8 2 (3 9)] [8 2 3] 6

5 5
y2 9
7. 2 8. 2xyz 5 53 9. x(2y 3z) 36 Evaluate each expression if x 6, y 8, and z 3.
x 4
17. xy z 51 18. yz x 18
3xy 4 21
10. (10x)2 100a 480 11. 7x 1 12. a2 2b 1
25
19. 2x 3y z 33 20. 2(x z) y 10
z2 y2 7 (z y)2 1
13. 14. 6xz 5xy 78 15.
2 x 4 x 2 21. 5z ( y x) 17 22. 5x ( y 2z) 16
25ab y 7 5a2b 16 3
16. 1 17. 18. (z x)2 ax 5 23. x2 y2 10z 70 24. z3 ( y2 4x) 67
xz 8 y 25 5
Glencoe Algebra 1
y xz 3y x2
13 6 1 25. 13 26. 20
冢 xz 冣冢 yz 冣 xz
冢 z y x 冣冢 y z x 冣
2 2
19. 20. 21. 1 2 z
16 y 2z 11 24

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-2 Practice 1-2

1-2 Word Problem Practice
10:26 AM
Evaluate each expression. 1. SCHOOLS Jefferson High School has 5. BIOLOGY Lavania is studying the
100 less than 5 times as many students growth of a population of fruit flies in
1. (15 5) 2 20 2. 9 (3 4) 63 3. 5 7 4 33 as Taft High School. Write and evaluate her laboratory. She notices that the
an expression to find the number of number of fruit flies in her experiment is
4. 12 5 6 2 5 5. 7 9 4(6 7) 11 6. 8 (2 2) 7 14 students at Jefferson High School if Taft five times as large after any six-day
Page A7
High School has 300 students. period. She observes 20 fruit flies on
7. 4(3 5) 5 4 12 8. 22 11 9 32 9 9. 62 3 7 9 48 5t 100; 1400 students October 1. Write and evaluate an
expression to predict the population of
10. 3[10 (27 9)] 21 11. 2[52 (36 6)] 62 12. 162 [6(7 4)2] 3 fruit flies Lavania will observe on
October 31. 20 55; 62,500 flies
52 4 5 4 2 (2 5)2 4 7 32 1
13. 1 14. 26 15.
5(4) 2 3 5 24 2 2 2. GEOGRAPHY Guadalupe Peak in Texas
has an altitude that is 671 feet more
than double the altitude of Mount
Answers
Evaluate each expression if a 12, b 9, and c 4. Sunflower in Kansas. Write and evaluate
an expression for the altitude of CONSUMER SPENDING For Exercises
16. a2 b c2 137 17. b2 2a c2 89 6–8, use the following information.
Guadalupe Peak if Mount Sunflower has
an altitude of 4039 feet. During a long weekend, Devon paid a total
18. 2c(a b) 168 50
Lesson 1-2
19. 4a 2b c2
2s 671; 8749 ft of x dollars for a rental car so he could visit
his family. He rented the car for 4 days at a
20. (a2 4b) c 8 21. c2 (2b a) 96 rate of $36 per day. There was an additional
charge of $0.20 per mile after the first 200
A7
bc2 a 2c3 ab
22. 39 23. 5 miles driven.
(Lesson 1-2)
c 4
3. TRANSPORTATION The Plaid Taxi Cab
Company charges $1.75 per passenger 6. Write an algebraic expression to
2(a b)2 9 b2 2c2
24. 25. 7 plus $3.45 per mile for trips less than 10 represent the amount Devon paid for
5c 10 acb
miles. Write and evaluate an expression additional mileage only. x – (36 4)

to find the cost for Max to take a Plaid
CAR RENTAL For Exercises 26 and 27, use the following information. taxi 8 miles to the airport.
$1.75 $3.45m; $29.35
Ann Carlyle is planning a business trip for which she needs to rent a car. The car rental
company charges $36 per day plus $0.50 per mile over 100 miles. Suppose Ms. Carlyle rents
the car for 5 days and drives 180 miles. 7. Write an algebraic expression to
represent the number of miles over 200
26. Write an expression for how much it will cost Ms. Carlyle to rent the car. miles that Devon drove the rented car.
4. GEOMETRY The area of a circle is
5(36) 0.5(180 100) related to the radius of the circle such x – (36 4)

that the product of the square of the 0.20
27. Evaluate the expression to determine how much Ms. Carlyle must pay the car rental radius and a number gives the area.
company. $220.00 Write and evaluate an expression for the
area of a circular pizza below.
Approximate as 3.14.
GEOMETRY For Exercises 28 and 29, use the following information. 8. How many miles did Devon drive overall
r 2; 153.86 in2 if he paid a total of $174 for the car
The length of a rectangle is 3n 2 and its width is n 1. The perimeter of the rectangle is
rental? 350 mi
twice the sum of its length and its width.
Glencoe Algebra 1
28. Write an expression that represents the perimeter of the rectangle. 7 in.
2[(3n 2) (n 1)]
29. Find the perimeter of the rectangle when n 4 inches. 34 in.
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-2 Enrichment 1-2

1-2 Graphing Calculator Activity
Using The STO Key
5/10/06
The Four Digits Problem When evaluating algebraic expressions, it is sometimes helpful to use the
store key STO on the calculator, especially to check solutions.
One well-known mathematic problem is to write expressions for
consecutive numbers beginning with 1. On this page, you will use the
digits 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each digit is used only once. You may use addition,
10:26 AM
subtraction, multiplication (not division), exponents, and parentheses Example 1 Evaluate a2 4a 6 if a 8.
in any way you wish. Also, you can use two digits to make one number,
such as 12 or 34. Store 8 as the value for a.
Answers will vary. Sample answers are given. Keystrokes: 8 STO ALPHA [A] ENTER
Express each number as a combination of the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4. Enter the expression and press ENTER to evaluate.
Keystrokes: ALPHA [A] x 2 — 4 ALPHA [A] + 6 ENTER
(2 3) (4 1)
Page A8
1 (3 1) (4 2) 18 35 2(4 +1) 3
You can also use a colon, which is the ALPHA function above
2 (4 3) (2 1) 19 3(2 4) 1 36 34 (2 1) the decimal key, to chain commands together. This process is
Answers
3 (4 3) (2 1) 20 21 (4 3) 37 31 2 4 called concatenation. Using the colon in Example 1, the keystrokes
become 8 STO ALPHA [A] ALPHA [:] ALPHA [A] x 2 — 4 ALPHA [A]
4 (4 2) (3 1) 21 (4 3) (2 1) 38 42 (3 1) + 6 ENTER .
Lesson 1-2
5 (4 2) (3 1) 22 21 (4 3) 39 42 (3 1)
6 4312 23 31 (4 2) 40 41 (3 2) Example 2 4y
Evaluate xy if x 4 and y 12.
5x
A8
7 3(4 1) 2 24 (2 4) (3 1) 41 43 (2 1) Evaluate the expression and display the answer as a fraction.
(Lesson 1-2)
Keystrokes: 4 STO ALPHA [:] 12 STO ALPHA [Y] ALPHA [:]
8 4321 25 (2 3) (4 1) 42 43 (2 1)
ALPHA [Y] — ( 4 ALPHA [Y] ) ( 5 )
9 4 2 (3 1) 26 24 (3 1) 43 42 13
MATH 1 ENTER .

10 4321 27 3 (4 1)
2
44 43 (2 1)
Exercises
11 (4 3) (2 1) 28 21 3 4 45 43 (2 1)
Evaluate each expression if a = 4, b = 6, x = 8, and y = 12. For
12 (4 3) (2 1) 29 2(4 +1) 3 46 43 (2 1) Exercises 4-6, express answers as fractions.
13 (4 3) (2 1) 30 (2 3) (4 1) 47 31 42 1. bx ay b 2. a[ x (y a)2] 3. a3 (y b)2 x2
40 68 92
14 (4 3) (2 1) 34 (2 1) 4 (3 1)
2
31 48
b a2 2a(x b) [ ( )
b 3 a b 5b
6.
3 2 ]
2(3 4) 1 42 (3 1) 41 23
4.
2
x b2 5.
xy 9b
15 32 49 y a(x 1)
11 2 22
16 (4 2) (3 1) 33 21 (3 4) 50 41 32
14

3

7
17 3(2 4) 1 34 2 (14 3)
Does a calculator help in solving these types of puzzles? Give reasons for your opinion.
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers will vary. Using a calculator is a good way to check your solutions.

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06

Open Sentences Open Sentences
10:26 AM
Get Ready for the Lesson Solve Equations A mathematical sentence with one or more variables is called an
open sentence. Open sentences are solved by finding replacements for the variables that
Read the introduction to Lesson 1-3 in your textbook. result in true sentences. The set of numbers from which replacements for a variable may be
chosen is called the replacement set. The set of all replacements for the variable that
How is the open sentence different from the expression 15.50 5n? result in true statements is called the solution set for the variable. A sentence that
The open sentence has two expressions joined by the symbol. contains an equal sign, , is called an equation.
Page A9
Read the Lesson Example 1 Find the solution Example 2 2(3 1)
Solve b.
3(7 4)
set of 3a 12 39 if the
1. How can you tell whether a mathematical sentence is or is not an open sentence? 2(3 1)
replacement set is {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. b Original equation
An open sentence must contain one or more variables. 3(7 4)
Replace a in 3a 12 39 with each
2(4)
2. How would you read each inequality symbol in words? value in the replacement set. b Add in the numerator; subtract in the denominator.
3(3)
3(6) 12 39 → 30
Answers
39 false 8
Inequality Symbol Words
3(7) 12 39 → 33 39 false
b Simplify.
9
is less than 3(8) 12 39 → 36 39 false 8
The solution is .
3(9) 12 39 → 39 39 true 9
is greater than 3(10) 12 39 → 42 39 false
Since a 9 makes the equation

is less than or equal to 3a 12 39 true, the solution is 9.
A9
is greater than or equal to The solution set is {9}.
(Lesson 1-3)
3. Consider the equation 3n 6 15 and the inequality 3n 6 15. Suppose the Exercises
replacement set is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
1 1

Lesson 1-3
Find the solution of each equation if the replacement sets are X , , 1, 2, 3

4 2
a. Describe how you would find the solutions of the equation. and Y {2, 4, 6, 8}.
Replace n with each member of the replacement set. The members of 1 5
1. x {2} 2. x 8 11 {3} 3. y 2 6 {8}
the replacement set that make the equation true are the solutions. 2 2
b. Describe how you would find the solutions of the inequality. 4. x2 1 8 {3} 5. y2 2 34 {6} 6. x2 5 5
1
16 14
Replace n with each member of the replacement set. The members of
the replacement set that make the inequality true are the solutions.
7. 2(x 3) 7 12 1
4
9
8. ( y 1)2 {2}
4
9. y2 y 20 {4}
c. Explain how the solution set for the equation is different from the solution set for the
inequality.
The solution set for the equation contains only one number, 3. The Solve each equation.
solution set for the inequality contains the four numbers 0, 1, 2, and 3.
10. a 23 1 7 11. n 62 42 20 12. w 62 32 324
Remember What You Learned 1 5 7 18 3 15 6

14. p 3 15. s 3
Glencoe Algebra 1
13. k
4. Look up the word solution in a dictionary. What is one meaning that relates to the way 4 8 8 23 27 24
we use the word in algebra?
1 1 3
Sample answer: answer to a problem 16. 18.4 3.2 m 15.2 17. k 9.8 5.7 15.5 18. c 3 2 5
2 4 4
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1

1-3 Skills Practice
5/10/06
Solve Inequalities An open sentence that contains the symbol , , , or is called Find the solution of each equation if the replacement sets are A {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and
an inequality. Inequalities can be solved the same way that equations are solved. B {9, 10, 11, 12, 13}.
Example 1. 5a 9 26 7 2. 4a 8 16 6
Find the solution set for 3a 8 10 if the replacement set is
873946 Alg1 CH01 EP3
10:26 AM
{4, 5, 6, 7, 8}.
Replace a in 3a 8 10 with each value in the replacement set. 3. 7a 21 56 5 4. 3b 15 48 11
?
3(4) 8 10 → 4 10 false
?
3(5) 8 10 → 7 10 false 36
? 5. 4b 12 28 10 6. 3 0 12
3(6) 8 10 → 10 10 false b
Page A10
?
3(7) 8 10 → 13 10 true
?
3(8) 8 10 → 16 10 true
Find the solution of each equation using the given replacement set.
Answers
Since replacing a with 7 or 8 makes the inequality 3a 8 10 true, the solution set is {7, 8}.
3 7
1 5
冦 12 3
7. x ; , , 1,
2 4 4
5
4 冧 4
2 13
冦 49 5 2 7
8. x ; , , ,
3 9 9 3 9 冧 9
Exercises
Find the solution set for each inequality if the replacement set is 4
X {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
1 5
冦 23 3 5 4
9. (x 2) ; , , ,
4 6 4 4 3 冧 3
10. 0.8(x 5) 5.2; {1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5} 1.5
1. x 2 4 2. x 3 6 3. 3x 18
A10
{3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {7} Solve each equation.
(Lesson 1-3)
x
4. 1
x
5. 2
3x
6. 2 11. 10.4 6.8 x 3.6 12. y 20.1 11.9 8.2
3 5 8
{4, 5, 6, 7} no numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Lesson 1-3

46 15 6 18
7. 3x 4 5 8. 3(8 x) 1 6 9. 4(x 3) 20 13. a 1 14. c 4
3 28 31 25
{4, 5, 6, 7} {7} {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
2(4) 4 6(7 2)
15. b 2 16. n 1
Find the solution set for each inequality if the replacement sets are 3(3 1) 3(8) 6
14 1

X , , 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and Y {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}.
2
10. x 3 5 11. y 3 6 12. 8y 3 51 Find the solution set for each inequality using the given replacement set.
{3, 5, 8} {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} {6, 8, 10} 17. a 7 13; {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {3, 4, 5} 18. 9 y 17; {7, 8, 9, 10, 11} {7}
x y 2y
13. 4 14. 2 15. 2
2 4 5
19. x 2 2; {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {2, 3, 4} 12; {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10} {8, 10}
14, 12, 1, 2, 3, 5 {8, 10} {2, 4}
20. 2x
16. 4x 1 4 17. 3x 3 12 18. 2( y 1) 18

21. 4b 1 12; {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15} 22. 2c 5 11; {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} {8}
{1, 2, 3, 5, 8} {3, 5, 8} {8, 10}
Glencoe Algebra 1
{3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

1 1
19. 3x 2 20. 3y 2 8 21. (6 2x) 2 3
4 2
1 1

y x
, {2} {2, 3, 5, 8} 23. 5; {4, 6, 8, 10, 12} {10, 12} 24. 2; {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} {7, 8}
4 2 2 3

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-3 Practice 1-3

10:26 AM
1
2
3
Find the solution of each equation if the replacement sets are A 0, , 1, , 2
2 1. TIME There are 6 time zones in the
United States. The eastern part of the
4. POOLS There are approximately 202
gallons per cubic yard of water. Write
and B {3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5}.
U.S., including New York City, is in the and solve an equation for the number of
1 1 3 Eastern Time Zone. The central part of gallons of water that fill a pool with a
1. a 1 2. 4b 8 6 3.5 3. 6a 18 27
2 2
873946 Alg1 CH01 EP3

2 the U.S., including Dallas, is in the volume of 1161 cubic feet. (Hint: There
3
Page A11
28 Central Time Zone, which is one hour are 27 cubic feet per cubic yard.)
4. 7b 8 16.5 3.5 5. 120 28a 78 6. 9 16 4
2 b behind Eastern Time. San Diego is in the
Pacific Time Zone, which is 3 hours g gal in pool
Find the solution of each equation using the given replacement set. behind Eastern Time. Write and solve an
1161
13 1 equation to determine what time it is in g 202 ; 8686 gal
7 17
冦 12 13 7 5 2
7. x ; , , , ,
8 12 24 12 8 3 冧 24
3 27
冦 12 1
8. (x 2) ; , 1, 1 , 2, 2 2
4 8 2
1
2 冧 2 California if it is noon in New York.
27
12 c 3; 9:00 AM
VEHICLES For Exercises 5 and 6, use the
9. 1.4(x 3) 5.32; {0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2} 10. 12(x 4) 76.8 ; {2, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, 3.6} 2.4
following information.
0.8 2. FOOD Part of the Nutrition Facts label
Answers
from a box of macaroni and cheese is Recently developed hybrid cars contain both
Solve each equation. shown below. an electric and a gasoline engine. Hybrid car
37 9 batteries store extra energy, such as the
11. x 18.3 4.8 13.5 12. w 20.2 8.95 11.25 13. d 4
18 11
Nutrition Facts energy produced by braking. Since the car
can use this stored energy to power the car,
97 25 4(22 4) 5(22) 4(3) Serving Size 1 cup (228g)
14. k 4 15. y 3 16. p 2 Servings Per Container 2 the hybrid uses less gasoline per mile than
41 23 3(6) 6 34(2 4)
Amount Per Serving
cars powered only by gasoline. Suppose a
A11
Find the solution set for each inequality using the given replacement set. Calories 250 Calories from Fat 110 new hybrid car is rated to drive 45 miles per
% Daily Value * gallon of gasoline.
(Lesson 1-3)
17. a 7 10; {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 18. 3y 42; {10, 12, 14, 16, 18} Total Fat 12g 18 %
Saturated Fat 3g 15 %
{2} {14, 16, 18} Trans Fat 3g
5. It costs $40 to fill the gasoline tank with
gas that costs $2.50 per gallon. Write and
Lesson 1-3
Cholesterol 30mg 10 %

19. 4x 2 5; {0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5} 20. 4b 4 3; {1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0} solve an equation to find the distance the
hybrid car can go using one tank of gas.
{0.5, 1, 1.5} {1.8, 2.0} 40
Write and solve an inequality to (45) m; 720 mi
3 2.50
冧
determine how many servings of this
3y
21. 2; {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
5
22. 4a 冦1 1 3 1 5 3
3; , , , , ,
8 4 8 2 8 4

4 item that Alisa can have for lunch if she
{0, 2} is restricted no more than 45 grams of
cholesterol.
45
23. TEACHING A teacher has 15 weeks in which to teach six chapters. Write and then solve c ; 1.5 servings or less
an equation that represents the number of lessons the teacher must teach per week if 30
there is an average of 8.5 lessons per chapter. 6(8.5) 3. CRAFTS You need at least 30 yards of
n 15
; 3.4 yarn to crochet a small scarf. Cheryl
6. Write and solve an equation to find the
bought a 100-yard ball of yarn and has
LONG DISTANCE For Exercises 24 and 25, use the following information. cost of gasoline per mile for this hybrid
already used 10 yards. Write and solve
car. Round to the nearest cent.
an inequality to find how many scarves
Gabriel talks an average of 20 minutes per long-distance call. During one month, he makes 2.50
she can crochet. 100 – 10 30s; c; 6¢ per mi
eight in-state long-distance calls averaging $2.00 each. A 20-minute state-to-state call costs 45
Gabriel $1.50. His long-distance budget for the month is $20. 3 scarves
Glencoe Algebra 1
24. Write an inequality that represents the number of 20 minute state-to-state calls Gabriel
can make this month. 8(2) 1.5s 20
25. What is the maximum number of 20-minute state-to-state calls that Gabriel can make
this month? 2
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-3 Enrichment 1-3

1-3 Spreadsheet Activity
Solving Open Sentences
5/10/06
Solution Sets A spreadsheet is a tool for working with and analyzing numerical data. The data
is entered into a table in which each row is numbered and each column is
Consider the following open sentence. labeled by a letter. You can use a spreadsheet to find solutions of open sentences.
It is the name of a month between March and July.
10:26 AM
You know that a replacement for the variable It must be found in order to determine if the Example Use a spreadsheet to find the solution set for
sentence is true or false. If It is replaced by either April, May, or June, the sentence is true.
4(x 3) 31 if the replacement set is {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}.
The set {April, May, June} is called the solution set of the open sentence given above. This
set includes all replacements for the variable that make the sentence true. You can solve the open sentence by replacing x with each value in the
replacement set.
Write the solution set for each open sentence. Step 1 Use the first column of the spreadsheet for
Page A12
the replacement set. Enter the numbers using A B C
1 x 4(x - 3) 4(x - 3) < 31
1. It is the name of a state beginning with the letter A. the formula bar. Click on a cell of the spread- 2 7 =4*(A2-3) =B2<31
Answers
{Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas} sheet, type the number and press ENTER. 3
4
8
9
=4*(A3-3)
=4*(A4-3)
=B3<31
=B4<31
5 10 =4*(A5-3) =B5<31
2. It is a primary color. Step 2 The second column contains the formula for 6 11 =4*(A6-3) =B6<31
the left side of the open sentence. To enter a 7 12 =4*(A7-3) =B7<31
{red, yellow, blue} formula, enter an equals sign followed by the
8
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3
formula. Use the name of the cell containing

3. Its capital is Harrisburg. {Pennsylvania}
each replacement value to evaluate the
formula for that value. For example, in cell
4. It is a New England state. {Maine, New Hampshire,
A12
B2, the formula contains A2 in place of x. A B C

Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut}
(Lesson 1-3)
1 x 4(x - 3) 4(x - 3) < 31
Step 3 The third column determines whether the 2 7 16 TRUE
5. x 4 10 {6} open sentence is true or false for the value in
3 8 20 TRUE
4 9 24 TRUE
the replacement set. These formulas will 5 10 28 TRUE
Lesson 1-3

6. It is the name of a month that contains the letter r. return TRUE or FALSE. 6 11 32 FALSE
7 12 36 FALSE
{Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec} 8
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3
The solution set contains the values for which the
7. During the 1990s, she was the wife of a U.S. President. open sentence is true. The solution set is {7, 8, 9, 10}.
{Barbara Bush, Hillary Clinton}
8. It is an even number between 1 and 13. {2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12} Exercises

Use a spreadsheet to find the solution of each equation or inequality
9. 31 72 k {41} using the given replacement set.
10. It is the square of 2, 3, or 4.{4, 9, 16} 1. x 7.5 18.3; {8.8, 9.8, 10.8, 11.8} 2. 6(x + 2) 18; {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
{10.8} {1}
Write an open sentence for each solution set.
3. 4x 1 17; {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 4. 4.9 x 2.2; {2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0}
11. {A, E, I, O, U} It is a vowel. {4} {2.6, 2.7}
Glencoe Algebra 1
12. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} It is an odd number between 0 and 10. 5. 2.7x 18; {6.1, 6.3, 6.5, 6.7, 6.9} 6. 12x 8 22; {2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6}
{6.7, 6.9} {2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6}
13. {June, July, August} It is a summer month.
14. {Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic} It is an ocean.

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06

Identity and Equality Properties Identity and Equality Properties
10:27 AM
Get Ready for the Lesson Identity and Equality Properties The identity and equality properties in the chart
below can help you solve algebraic equations and evaluate mathematical expressions.
Read the introduction to Lesson 1-4 in your textbook.
Additive Identity For any number a, a 0 a.
Write an open sentence to represent the change in rank r of Auburn from week 6 to week 7.
Multiplicative Identity For any number a, a 1 a.
Explain why the solution is the same as the solution in the introduction.
Page A13
2 r 2; Sample answer: The rank did not change for either team from Multiplicative Property of 0 For any number a, a 0 0.
week 6 to week 7. Multiplicative Inverse a
For every number , a, b b
0, there is exactly one number a b
such that 1.
Property b a b a
Reflexive Property For any number a, a a.

Symmetric Property For any numbers a and b, if a b, then b a.
Transitive Property For any numbers a, b, and c, if a b and b c, then a c.
Read the Lesson Substitution Property If a b, then a may be replaced by b in any expression.
Answers
1. Write the Roman numeral of the sentence that best matches each term.
Example 1 Name the property used in Example 2 Name the property
5 7
a. additive identity V I. 1
7 5
each equation. Then find the value of n. used to justify each statement.
b. multiplicative identity III II. 18 18 a. 8n 8 a 5454

Multiplicative Identity Property Reflexive Property
VIII n 1, since 8 1 8
A13
c. Multiplicative Property of Zero III. 3 1 3 b. If n 12, then 4n 4 12.
(Lesson 1-4)
b. n 3 1 Substitution Property
d. Multiplicative Inverse Property I IV. If 12 8 4, then 8 4 12.
Multiplicative Inverse Property
1 1
e. Reflexive Property II V. 6 0 6 n , since 3 1
3 3

f. Symmetric Property IV VI. If 2 4 5 1 and 5 1 6, Exercises
then 2 4 6.
Name the property used in each equation. Then find the value of n.
g. Transitive Property VI VII. If n 2, then 5n 5 2. 1. 6n 6 2. n 1 8 3. 6 n 6 9
Mult. Identity; 1 Mult. Identity; 8 Substitution Property; 9
h. Substitution Property VII VIII. 4 0 0 3 3
4. 9 n 9 5. n 0 6. n 1
Lesson 1-4
8 4
3 4
Add. Identity; 0 Add. Identity; Mult. Inverse;
8 3
Remember What You Learned Name the property used in each equation.
2. The prefix trans- means “across” or “through.” Explain how this can help you remember 7. If 4 5 9, then 9 4 5. 8. 0 21 21
the meaning of the Transitive Property of Equality. Symmetric Property Add. Identity
Sample answer: The Transitive Property of Equality tells you that when
a b and b c, you can go from a through b to get to c. 9. 0(15) 0 Mult. Prop. of Zero 10. (1)94 94 Mult. Identity
Glencoe Algebra 1
11. If 3 3 6 and 6 3 2, then 3 3 3 2. Transitive Property

12. 4 3 4 3 13. (14 6) 3 8 3
Reflexive Property Substitution Property
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1

1-4 Skills Practice
5/10/06
Use Identity and Equality Properties The properties of identity and equality can be Name the property used in each equation. Then find the value of n.
used to justify each step when evaluating an expression.
1. n 0 19 2. 1 n 8
Example Evaluate 24 1 8 5(9 3 3). Name the property used in each step. Additive Identity; 19 Multiplicative Identity; 8
10:27 AM
24 1 8 5(9 3 3) 24 1 8 5(3 3) Substitution; 9 3 3
3. 28 n 0 4. 0 n 22
24 1 8 5(0) Substitution; 3 3 0
24 8 5(0) Multiplicative Identity; 24 1 24 Multiplicative Prop. of Zero; 0 Additive Identity; 22
24 80 Multiplicative Property of Zero; 5(0) 0 1
16 0 Substitution; 24 8 16 5. n 1 6. n 9 9
4
16 Additive Identity; 16 0 16
Multiplicative Inverse; 4 Multiplicative Identity; 1
Page A14
Exercises 7. 5 n 5 8. 2 n 2 3
Additive Identity; 0 Reflexive Prop.; 3
Answers
Evaluate each expression. Name the property used in each step.
9. 2(9 3) 2(n) 10. (7 3) 4 n 4

冤1
4
1 2
1. 2
2 冢冣冥 2. 15 1 9 2(15 3 5)
Substitution Prop.; 6 Substitution Prop.; 21
1 1 15 1 9 2(5 5) Substitution
2
4

4 Substitution 15 1 9 2(0) Substitution 11. 5 4 n 4 12. n 14 0
1 15 1 9 0 Mult. Prop. Zero
2
2 Substitution 15 9 0 Mult. Identity Reflexive Prop.; 5 Multiplicative Prop. of Zero; 0
60 Substitution
A14
1 Mult. Inverse 13. 3n 1 14. 11 (18 2) 11 n

6 Substitution 1
Multiplicative Inverse; Substitution Prop.; 9
(Lesson 1-4)
3
1 Evaluate each expression. Name the property used in each step.

3. 2(3 5 1 14) 4 4. 18 1 3 2 2(6 3 2)

4
1 15. 7(16 42) 16. 2[5 (15 3)]
2(151 14) 4 Subst. 18 1 3 2 2(2 2) Subst.
4 7(16 16) Substitution 2(5 5) Substitution
1
2(15 14) 4 Mult. Identity 18 1 3 2 2(0) Substitution 7(1) Substitution 2(0) Substitution
4
1 18 3 2 2(0) Mult. Identity 7 Multiplicative Identity 0 Mult. Prop. of Zero
2(1) 4 Substitution
4
1 18 6 2(0) Substitution 17. 4 3[7 (2 3)] 18. 4[8 (4 2)] 1
24 Mult. Identity 4 3(7 6) Substitution 4(8 8) 1 Substitution
Lesson 1-4
4 18 6 0 Mult. Prop. Zero
21 Mult. Inverse 12 0 Substitution 4 3(1) Substitution 4(0) 1 Substitution
1 Substitution 12 Add. Identity 4 3 Multiplicative Identity 01 Mult. Prop. of Zero
1 Substitution 1 Additive Identity
5. 10 5 22 2 13 6. 3(5 5 12) 21 7 1
19. 6 9[10 2(2 3)] 20. 2(6 3 1)
10 5 4 2 13 Subst. 3(5 5 1) 21 7 Subst. 2
2 4 2 13 Substitution 3(5 5) 21 7 Mult. Identity 1
6 9[10 2(5)] Substitution 2(2 1) Substitution
2 2 13 Substitution 3(0) 21 7 Substitution 2
6 9(10 10) Substitution
Glencoe Algebra 1
0 13 Substitution 0 21 7 Mult. Prop. Zero 1

2(1) Substitution
13 Additive Identity 03 Substitution 6 9(0) Substitution 2
3 Additive Identity 60 Mult. Prop. of Zero 1
2 Multiplicative Identity
2
6 Additive Identity 1 Multiplicative Inverse

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-4 Practice 1-4

10:27 AM
Name the property used in each equation. Then find the value of n. 1. EXERCISE Annika goes on a walk every 4. PARTY PLANNING Chase is planning a
day in order to get the exercise her dinner party for 18 guests. He needs to
1. n 9 9 2. (8 7)(4) n(4) doctor recommends. If she walks at a have the same number of place settings
Additive Identity; 0 Substitution Prop.; 15 1
rate of 3 miles per hour for of an hour, as guests, and the same number of water
3
1 glasses as place settings. What property
3. 5n 1 4. n 0.5 0.1 0.5 then she will have walked 3 miles.
Page A15
3 must be used to determine the number
1
Multiplicative Inverse; Reflexive Prop.; 0.1 Evaluate the expression and name the of water glasses he needs for the party?
5 property used. Explain. The Transitive Property;
5. 49n 0 6. 12 12 n 1 mi; Multiplicative Inverse if guests settings and settings
Multiplicative Prop. of Zero; 0 Multiplicative Identity; 1 glasses, then guests
glasses.
Evaluate each expression. Name the property used in each step.
1 2. MAIL The chart below shows the cost of TOLL ROADS For Exercises 5 and 6, use
7. 2 6(9 32) 2 8. 5(14 39 3) 4
Answers
4 mailing letters of various weight through the following information.
1 the United States Postal Service.
2 6(9 9) 2 Substitution 5(14 13) 4 Substitution Some toll highways assess tolls based on
4 USPS First Class Mail:
2 6(0) 2 Substitution 1
where a car entered and exited. The table
5(1) 4 Substitution Standard Letter Rates below shows the highway tolls for a car
202 Mult. Prop. of Zero 4 entering and exiting at a variety of exits.
1 Weight
22 Additive Identity 5 4 Multiplicative Identity (ounces)
Cost Assume that the toll for the reverse
4
0 Substitution direction is the same.
51 Multiplicative Inverse 0.25 $0.39
A15
6 Substitution 0.5 $0.39 Entered Exited Toll
(Lesson 1-4)
0.75 $0.39 Exit 5 Exit 8 $0.50
SALES For Exercises 9 and 10, use the following information. 1 $0.39 Exit 8 Exit 10 $0.25
Althea paid $5.00 each for two bracelets and later sold each for $15.00. She paid $8.00 each

1.25 $0.60 Exit 10 Exit 15 $1.00
for three bracelets and sold each of them for $9.00.
1.5 $0.60 Exit 15 Exit 18 $0.50
9. Write an expression that represents the profit Althea made. 2(15 5) 3(9 8)
1.75 $0.60 Exit 18 Exit 22 $0.75
10. Evaluate the expression. Name the property used in each step. Source: www.usps.gov
5. Running an errand, Julio travels from
2(15 5) 3(9 8) 2(10) 3(1) Substitution Exit 8 to Exit 5. What property would
20 3(1) Substitution Write an equation that represents the
you use to determine the toll?
20 3 Multiplicative Identity difference between the cost of mailing a
Symmetric Property of Equality
23 Substitution
Lesson 1-4
0.5 ounce and a 1.0 ounce letter. Name
the property illustrated.
GARDENING For Exercises 11 and 12, use the following information. $0.39 $0.39 0; Additive
Mr. Katz harvested 15 tomatoes from each of four plants. Two other plants produced four
Inverse
tomatoes each, but Mr. Katz only harvested one fourth of the tomatoes from each of these. 6. Gordon travels from home to work and
1 back each day. He lives at Exit 15 on the
11. Write an expression for the total number of tomatoes harvested. 4(15) 2 4
4 toll road and works at Exit 22. Write and
evaluate an expression to find his daily
12. Evaluate the expression. Name the property used in each step. 3. CAPACITY Use the substitution and
toll cost. What property or properties did
Glencoe Algebra 1
transitive properties to find how many

1 1 you use? t 2 ($0.50 $0.75);

4(15) 2 4
4
60 2 4
4 Substitution 1-cup servings there are in 1 gallon of
t $2.50; Substitution
sports drink. 16 c
60 2(1) Multiplicative Inverse
60 2 Multiplicative identity
62 Substitution
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-4 Enrichment 1-5

1-5 Lesson Reading Guide
The Distributive Property
5/10/06
Closure Get Ready for the Lesson
A binary operation matches two numbers in a set to just one number. Read the introduction to Lesson 1-5 in your textbook.
Addition is a binary operation on the set of whole numbers. It matches
two numbers such as 4 and 5 to a single number, their sum. How would you find the amount spent by each of the first eight customers at Instant Replay
10:27 AM
Video Games on Saturday?
If the result of a binary operation is always a member of the original
set, the set is said to be closed under the operation. For example, the Add $14.95 and $34.95.
set of whole numbers is closed under addition because 4 5 is a whole
number. The set of whole numbers is not closed under subtraction
because 4 5 is not a whole number.
Read the Lesson
Answers
Page A16
1. Explain how the Distributive Property could be used to rewrite 3(1 5).
Tell whether each operation is binary. Write yes or no. Find the sum of 3 times 1 and 3 times 5.
1. the operation ↵, where a ↵ b means to choose the lesser number from a and b yes
2. Explain how the Distributive Property can be used to rewrite 5(6 4).
2. the operation ©, where a © b means to cube the sum of a and b yes Write the difference of 5 times 6 and 5 times 4, that is 5 6 5 4.
3. the operation sq, where sq(a) means to square the number a no
(Lessons 1-4 and 1-5)

3. Write three examples of each type of term. Sample answers are given.
A16
4. the operation exp, where exp(a, b) means to find the value of ab yes
Term Example
5. the operation ⇑, where a ⇑ b means to match a and b to any number greater than either
number no number 3, 17, 0.25

6. the operation ⇒, where a ⇒ b means to round the product of a and b up to the
variable w, t 2, x
nearest 10 yes 1
product of a number and a variable 4y, 0.78z, r
8
x 2s 6
quotient of a number and variable , ,
Tell whether each set is closed under addition. Write yes or no. If your answer is 3 7 5t
no, give an example.
4. Tell how you can use the Distributive Property to write 12m 8m in simplest form. Use
7. even numbers yes 8. odd numbers no; 3 7 10 the word coefficient in your explanation.
Sample answer: Add the coefficients of the two terms and multiply by m.
9. multiples of 3 yes 10. multiples of 5 yes
11. prime numbers no; 3 5 8 12. nonprime numbers no; 22 9 31

Remember What You Learned
5. How can the everyday meaning of the word identity help you to understand and
remember what the additive identity is and what the multiplicative identity is?
Lesson 1-5
Tell whether the set of whole numbers is closed under each operation. Write yes
Glencoe Algebra 1
or no. If your answer is no, give an example. Sample answer: When you add 0 (the additive identity) to a number, the
result is the very same number you started with. The same is true if you
13. multiplication: a b yes 14. division: a b no; 4 3 is not a multiply the number by 1 (the multiplicative identity).
whole number
15. exponentation: ab yes 16. squaring the sum: (a b)2 yes

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-5 Study Guide and Intervention 1-5

1-5 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
The Distributive Property The Distributive Property
10:27 AM
Evaluate Expressions The Distributive Property can be used to help evaluate Simplify Expressions A term is a number, a variable, or a product or quotient of
expressions. numbers and variables. Like terms are terms that contain the same variables, with
corresponding variables having the same powers. The Distributive Property and properties
For any numbers a, b, and c, a(b c) ab ac and (b c)a ba ca and of equalities can be used to simplify expressions. An expression is in simplest form if it is
Distributive Property replaced by an equivalent expression with no like terms or parentheses.
a(b c) ab ac and (b c)a ba ca.
Page A17
Example Simplify 4(a2 3ab) ab.
Example 1 Rewrite 6(8 10) using the Distributive Property. Then evaluate.
4(a2 3ab) ab 4(a2 3ab) 1ab Multiplicative Identity
6(8 10) 6 8 6 10 Distributive Property
4a2 12ab 1ab Distributive Property
48 60 Multiply.
4a2 (12 1)ab Distributive Property
108 Add.
4a2 11ab Substitution
Answers
Example 2 Rewrite 2(3x2 5x 1) using the Distributive Property.
Then simplify. Exercises
2(3x2 5x 1) 2(3x2) (2)(5x) (2)(1) Distributive Property
Simplify each expression. If not possible, write simplified.
6x2 (10x) (2) Multiply.
6x2 10x 2 Simplify. 1. 12a a 2. 3x 6x 3. 3x 1
A17
11a 9x simplified
(Lesson 1-5)
Exercises
Rewrite each expression using the Distributive Property. Then simplify. 4. 12g 10g 1 5. 2x 12 6. 4x2 3x 7

1. 2(10 5) 10 2. 6(12 t) 72 6t 3. 3(x 1) 3x 3 2g 1 simplified simplified
7. 20a 12a 8 8. 3x2 2x2 9. 6x 3x2 10x2

4. 6(12 5) 102 5. (x 4)3 3x 12 6. 2(x 3) 2x 6
32a 8 5x 2 6x 13x2
7. 5(4x 9) 20x 45 8. 3(8 2x) 24 6x 冢 1

2 冣
9. 12 6 x 72 6x 10. 2p q
1
2
11. 10xy 4(xy xy) 12. 21c 18c 31b 3b
simplified 2xy 39c 28b
冢 1
冣
10. 12 2 x 24 6x
2
1
11. (12 4t) 3 t
4
12. 3(2x y) 6x 3y
13. 3x 2x 2y 2y 14. xy 2xy 15. 12a 12b 12c
13. 2(3x 2y z) 14. (x 2)y 15. 2(3a 2b c)

x xy simplified
Lesson 1-5
Glencoe Algebra 1
6x 4y 2z xy 2y 6a 4b 2c
1
1
16. 4x (16x 20y) 17. 2 1 6x x2 18. 4x2 3x2 2x
4
16. (16x 12y 4z) 17. (2 3x x2)3 18. 2(2x2 3x 1)
4 8x 5y 1 6x x2 7x2 2x
4x 3y z 6 9x 3x2 4x2 6x 2
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-5 Skills Practice 1-5

1-5 Practice
The Distributive Property The Distributive Property
5/10/06
Rewrite each expression using the Distributive Property. Then simplify. Rewrite each expression using the Distributive Property. Then simplify.
1. 4(3 5) 4 3 4 5; 32 2. 2(6 10) 2 6 2 10; 32 1. 9(7 8) 2. 7(6 4) 3. 6(b 4)

9 7 9 8; 135 7 6 7 4; 14 6 b 6 4; 6b 24
10:27 AM
3. 5(7 4) 5 7 5 4; 15 4. (6 2)8 6 8 2 8; 32 4. (9 p)3 5. (5y 3)7 冢
6. 15 f
1
3 冣
1
9 3 p 3; 27 3p 5y 7 3 7; 35y 21 15 f 15
3
;
5. (a 7)2 a 2 7 2; 2a 14 6. 7(h 10) 7 h 7 10; 7h 70 15f 5
7. 16(3b 0.25) 8. m(n 4) 9. (c 4)d
Page A18
16 3b 16 0.25; m n m 4; c d 4 d;
7. 3(m n) 3 m 3 n; 3m 3n 8. (x y)6 x 6 y 6; 6x 6y 48b 4 mn 4m cd 4d
Answers
Use the Distributive Property to find each product.
9. 2(x y 1) 10. 3(a b 1)
10. 9 499 4491 11. 7 110 770 12. 21 1004 21,084
2(x) 2(y) 2(1); 2x 2y 2 3(a) 3(b) 3(1); 3a 3b 3
13. 12 2.5 30 冢冣
1
14. 27 2 63
3 冢 14 冣
15. 16 4 68
Use the Distributive Property to find each product.
A18
Simplify each expression. If not possible, write simplified.

11. 5 89 445 12. 9 99 891
16. w 14w 6w 9w 17. 3(5 6h) 15 18h 18. 14(2r 3) 28r 42
(Lesson 1-5)
19. 12b2 9b2 21b 2 20. 25t3 17t3 8t 3 21. c2 4d 2 d 2 c 2 3d 2
13. 15 104 1560 冢 13 冣
14. 15 2 35
2 x

22. 3a2 6a 2b2 23. 4(6p 2q 2p) 24. x x
3 3
simplified 16p 8q 2x
冢 14 冣
15. 12 1 15 冢 18 冣
16. 8 3 25
DINING OUT For Exercises 25 and 26, use the following information.
Simplify each expression. If not possible, write simplified. The Ross family recently dined at an Italian restaurant. Each of the four family members
ordered a pasta dish that cost $11.50, a drink that cost $1.50, and dessert that cost $2.75.
17. 2x 8x 10x 18. 17g g 18g
25. Write an expression that could be used to calculate the cost of the Ross’ dinner before
adding tax and a tip. 4(11. 5 1.5 2.75)
19. 16m 10m 6m 20. 12p 8p 4p 26. What was the cost of dining out for the Ross family? $63.00
ORIENTATION For Exercises 27 and 28, use the following information.

21. 2x2 6x2 8x2 22. 7a2 2a2 5a2
Madison College conducted a three-day orientation for incoming freshmen. Each day, an
average of 110 students attended the morning session and an average of 160 students
Lesson 1-5
Glencoe Algebra 1
attended the afternoon session.

23. 3y2 2y simplified 24. 2(n 2n) 6n
27. Write an expression that could be used to determine the total number of incoming
freshmen who attended the orientation. 3(110 160)
25. 4(2b b) 4b 26. 3q2 q q2 2q2 q
28. What was the attendance for all three days of orientation? 810

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06

The Distributive Property
10:27 AM
1. OPERA Mr. Delong’s drama class is 5. MENTAL MATH During a math facts The Maya
planning a field trip to see Mozart’s speed contest, Jamal calculated the
famous opera Don Giovanni. Tickets cost following expression faster than anyone The Maya were a Native American people who lived from about 0 ●
● 10 _____
_____
$39 each, and there are 23 students and else in his class. 1500 B.C. to about 1500 A.D. in the region that today encompasses 1 • 11 _____
•
_____
2 teachers going on the field trip. Write 197 4 much of Central America and southern Mexico. Their many
accomplishments include exceptional architecture, pottery, 2 •• 12 _____
••
_____
Page A19
and evaluate an expression to find the When classmates asked him how he was
group’s total ticket cost. painting, and sculpture, as well as significant advances in the 3 ••• 13 _____
•••
_____
able to answer so quickly, he told them
$39(23 2) $975 he used the Distributive Property to
fields of astronomy and mathematics.
4 •••• 14 _____
••••
_____
The Maya developed a system of numeration that was based on
think of the problem differently. Write 5 _____ _____
15 _____
_____
and evaluate an expression using the the number twenty. The basic symbols of this system are shown in
the table at the right. The places in a Mayan numeral are written 6 _____
• 16 _____
•
_____
_____
Distributive Property that would help
2. LIBRARY In Cook County Library’s vertically—the bottom place represents ones, the place above 7 _____
•• _____
••
17 _____
_____
Jamal perform the calculation quickly.
children’s section there are 7 shelves and represents twenties, the place above that represents 20 20, or
4(200 3) 800 12 788 four hundreds, and so on. For instance, this is how to write the 8 _____
••• _____
•••
18 _____
_____
4 tables. Each shelf and table displays 12
Answers
books. Write and evaluate an expression number 997 in Mayan numerals. 9 _____
•••• _____
••••
19 _____
_____
to find how many books are in the •• ← 2 400 800
children’s section. 12(7 4) 132 _____
•••• ← 9 20 180
INVESTMENTS For Exercises 6 and 7, _____
••
_____
_____ ← 17 1 17
use the following information. 997
3. COSTUMES Isabella’s ballet class is Letisha and Noel each opened a checking
A19
performing a spring recital for which account, a savings account, and a college
they need butterfly costumes. Each fund. The chart below shows the amounts Evaluate each expression when v _____• , w _____
••• ,x ••••,y ●
_____
_____ ● , and
(Lesson 1-5)
3
butterfly costume is made from 3 yards
5 that they deposited into each account. z _____
• • . Then write the answer in Mayan numerals. Exercise 5 is done for you.
_____
of fabric. Use the Distributive Property z vwz ••••

to find the number of yards of fabric Checking Savings College 1. ••• 2. _____ 3. xv •
w x

••••
needed for 5 costumes. (Hint: a mixed Letisha $125 $75 $50
number can be written as the sum of an Noel $250 $50 $50 ••• •••
integer and a fraction.) 4. vxy ●
● 5. wx z 6. vz xy
●
●
_____
••
_____
3 3 3
53 53 5(3) 5 6. If Noel used only $50 bills when he
5 5 5 7. w(v x z) _____
••••
_____
_____ 8. vwz ••• 9. z(wx x) ••
deposited the money to open his
15 3 18 •••• ●
accounts, how many $50 bills did he _____
•
_____
_____
●
_____
•
_____
deposit? 7 $50 bills _____ _____
•
_____
_____
Tell whether each statement is true or false.

4. FENCES Demonstrate the Distributive
_____
•••
_____ _____
• _____
••• _____
•••
Property by writing two equivalent _____
expressions to represent the perimeter of 10. _____
• • • _____
_____ • _____
• _____
•••
_____ 11. _____
• _____
•••
_____ _____ _____
12. _____
the fenced dog pen below. 7. If all accounts earn 1.5% interest per true false false
2n 2m and 2(n m) year and no further deposits are made,
how much interest will Letisha have
13. ( • • • _____ ) _____
_____ • • • ( _____ _____
_____ ) true
m
earned one year after her accounts were
opened? $3.75
Lesson 1-5
Glencoe Algebra 1
Dog Pen n 14. How are Exercises 10 and 11 alike? How are they different?
Both involve changing the order of the symbols. Exercise 10 involves
changing the order of the addends in an addition problem. Exercise 11
involves changing the order of the digits in a numeral.
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1

Commutative and Associative Properties Commutative and Associative Properties
5/10/06
Get Ready for the Lesson Commutative and Associative Properties The Commutative and Associative
Lesson 1-6
Properties can be used to simplify expressions. The Commutative Properties state that the
Read the introduction to Lesson 1-6 in your textbook. order in which you add or multiply numbers does not change their sum or product. The
Associative Properties state that the way you group three or more numbers when adding or
How are the expressions 0.4 1.5 and 1.5 0.4 alike? different? multiplying does not change their sum or product.
10:27 AM
The numbers and the operation are the same; the order of
the numbers is different. Commutative Properties For any numbers a and b, a b b a and a b b a.
Associative Properties For any numbers a, b, and c, (a b) c a (b c ) and (ab)c a(bc).
Read the Lesson
Page A20
Example 1 Evaluate 6 2 3 5. Example 2 Evaluate
1. Write the Roman numeral of the term that best matches each equation. 8.2 2.5 2.5 1.8.
62356325 Commutative Property
Answers
(6 3)(2 5) 8.2 2.5 2.5 1.8
a. 3 6 6 3 III I. Associative Property of Addition Associative Property
18 10 Multiply. 8.2 1.8 2.5 2.5 Commutative Prop.
b. 2 (3 4) (2 3) 4 I II. Associative Property of Multiplication 180 Multiply. (8.2 1.8) (2.5 2.5) Associative Prop.
10 5 Add.
The product is 180.
c. 2 (3 4) (2 3) 4 II III. Commutative Property of Addition 15 Add.
The sum is 15.

IV
A20
d. 2 (3 4) 2 (4 3) IV. Commutative Property of Multiplication
(Lesson 1-6)
2. What property can you use to change the order of the terms in an expression? Exercises
Commutative Property of Addition Evaluate each expression.

1. 12 10 8 5 35 2. 16 8 22 12 58 3. 10 7 2.5 175
3. What property can you use to change the way three factors are grouped?
Associative Property of Multiplication
4. What property can you use to combine two like terms to get a single term? 4. 4 8 5 3 480 5. 12 20 10 5 47 6. 26 8 4 22 60
Distributive Property
1 1 3
5. To use the Associative Property of Addition to rewrite the sum of a group of terms, what 7. 3 4 2 3 13 8. 12 4 2 72 9. 3.5 2.4 3.6 4.2 13.7
2 2 4
is the least number of terms you need? three
1 1
10. 4 5 3 13 11. 0.5 2.8 4 5.6 12. 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.6 11
2 2
6. Look up the word commute in a dictionary. Find an everyday meaning that is close to the
4 2 1 1 1 1
mathematical meaning and explain how it can help you remember the mathematical 13. 18 25 80 14. 32 10 32 15. 7 16 4
5 9 5 2 4 7
Glencoe Algebra 1
meaning.
Sample answer: To travel back and forth, as between a suburb and a
city; in the Commutative Property of Addition, a b b a, the 1 1 3 1
16. 3.5 8 2.5 2 16 17. 18 8 8 18. 10 16 60
quantities a and b are switched back and forth. 2 9 4 2

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06

3-6 Skills Practice
10:27 AM
Simplify Expressions The Commutative and Associative Properties can be used along Evaluate each expression.
Lesson 1-6
with other properties when evaluating and simplifying expressions.
1. 16 8 14 12 50 2. 36 23 14 7 80 3. 32 14 18 11 75
Example Simplify 8(y 2x) 7y. 4. 5 3 4 3 180 5. 2 4 5 3 120 6. 5 7 10 4 1400
Page A21
8(y 2x) 7y 8y 16x 7y Distributive Property
1 1
8y 7y 16x Commutative () 7. 1.7 0.8 1.3 3.8 8. 1.6 0.9 2.4 4.9 9. 4 6 5 16
2 2
(8 7)y 16x Distributive Property
15y 16x Substitution
Simplify each expression.
The simplified expression is 15y 16x.
10. 2x 5y 9x 11x 5y 11. a 9b 6a 7a 9b
Answers
Exercises
12. 2p 3q 5p 2q 7p 5q 13. r 3s 5r s 6r 4s
Simplify each expression.
1. 4x 3y x 2. 3a 4b a 3. 8rs 2rs2 7rs 14. 5m2 3m m2 6m2 3m 15. 6k2 6k k2 9k 7k2 15k
5x 3y 4a 4b 15rs 2rs 2
16. 2a 3(4 a) 5a 12 17. 5(7 2g) 3g 35 13g
A21
4. 3a2 4b 10a2 5. 6(x y) 2(2x y) 6. 6n 2(4n 5)

13a 2 4b 10x 8y 14n 10
(Lesson 1-6)
Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. Then simplify,
indicating the properties used.
7. 6(a b) a 3b 8. 5(2x 3y) 6( y x) 9. 5(0.3x 0.1y) 0.2x
18. three times the sum of a and b increased by a

7a 9b 16x 21y 1.7x 0.5y 3(a b) a
2 1 4 4 1 3(a) 3(b) a Distributive Property
10. (x 10) 11. z2 9x2 z2 x2 12. 6(2x 4y) 2(x 9)
3 2 3 3 3 3a 3b a Multiply
1 7 28
7 x z 2 x 2 14x 24y 18 3a a 3b Commutative ()
2 3 3
(3a a) 3b Associative ()
(3 1)a 3b Distributive Property
Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. Then simplify.
4a 3b Substitution
13. twice the sum of y and z is increased by y
3y 2z 19. twice the sum of p and q increased by twice the sum of 2p and 3q
2(p q) 2(2p 3q)
14. four times the product of x and y decreased by 2xy
2xy 2(p) 2(q) 2(2p) 2(3q) Distributive Property
2p 2q 4p 6q Multiply
15. the product of five and the square of a, increased by the sum of eight, a2, and 4
Glencoe Algebra 1
2p 4p 2q 6q Commutative ()
6a 2 12
(2p 4p) (2q 6q) Associative ()
16. three times the sum of x and y increased by twice the sum of x and y (2 4)p (2 6)q Distributive Property
5x 5y 6p 8q Substitution
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-6 Practice 1-6 Word Problem Practice

5/10/06
Evaluate each expression. 1. SCHOOL SUPPLIES At a local school 4. ANATOMY The human body has 60
Lesson 1-6
supply store, a highlighter costs $1.25, a bones in the arms and hands, 84 bones in
1. 13 23 12 7 55 2. 6 5 10 3 900 ballpoint pen costs $0.80, and a spiral the upper body and head, and 62 bones
notebook costs $2.75. Use mental math in the legs and feet. Use the Associative
3. 7.6 3.2 9.4 1.3 21.5 4. 3.6 0.7 5 12.6 and the Associative Property of Addition Property to write and evaluate an
10:27 AM
1 2 1 3 1 to find the total cost if one of each item is expression that represents the total
5. 7 2 1
9 9
10
3
6. 3 3 16 200
4 3 purchased. $4.80 number of bones in the human body.
Sample answer: (60 84) 62
Simplify each expression. 2. BUS STOPS Mr. McGowan drives a city 84 (60 62) 206
bus. Occasionally he keeps track of the
7. 9s2 3t s2 t 10s 2 4t 8. (p 2n) 7p 8p 2n number of riders for market research.
Page A22
The chart below shows a morning route. SPORTS For Exercises 5–7, use the
9. 6y 2(4y 6) 14y 12 10. 2(3x y) 5(x 2y) 11x 12y following information.
Bus Route
Answers
Kim, Doug, and Conner all run on the cross
11. 3(2c d) 4(c 4d) 10c 19d 12. 6s 2(t 3s) 5(s 4t) 17s 22t First stop 12 people got on country team. In the last race Doug finished
13. 5(0.6b 0.4c) b 4b 2c
1
冢
1 1
14. q 2 q r
2 4 2 冣 qr Second stop
Third stop
4 people off; 15 on
16 people off; 7 on
first, Kim finished 3 minutes after Doug, and
Conner finished with a time that was twice
Doug’s time.
15. Write an algebraic expression for four times the sum of 2a and b increased by twice the Fourth stop 11 people off; 14 on
sum of 6a and 2b. Then simplify, indicating the properties used.
5. What is the sum of their times?
4(2a b) 2(6a 2b) How many people are on the bus after
x (x 3) (2x)
A22
the fourth stop? 17

4(2a) 4(b) 2(6a) 2(2b) Distributive Property x x 2x 3
(Lesson 1-6)
8a 4b 12a 4b Multiply 4x 3 min
3. MENTAL MATH The triangular banner
8a 12a 4b 4b Commutative () has a base of 9 centimeters and a height
(8a 12a) (4b 4b) Associative () of 6 centimeters. Using the formula for

area of a triangle, the banner’s area can
(8 12)a (4 4)b Distributive Property 1
20a 8b Substitution be expressed as 9 6 . Gabrielle
2
finds it easier to write and evaluate 6. What property or properties did you use?
Associative and Commutative
SCHOOL SUPPLIES For Exercises 16 and 17, use the following information. 冢
1
冣
6 9 to find the area. Is
2 Properties of Addition, and
Kristen purchased two binders that cost $1.25 each, two binders that cost $4.75 each, two Gabrielle’s expression equivalent to the Distributive Property
packages of paper that cost $1.50 per package, four blue pens that cost $1.15 each, and four area formula? Explain.
pencils that cost $.35 each.
16. Write an expression to represent the total cost of supplies before tax.
2(1.25 4.75 1.50) 4(1.15 0.35)
7. Evaluate the expression if Doug ran the
17. What was the total cost of supplies before tax? $21.00 h
race in 27 minutes. 111 min
b
GEOMETRY For Exercises 18 and 19, use the following information.
The lengths of the sides of a pentagon in inches are 1.25, 0.9, 2.5, 1.1, and 0.25. Yes; the Commutative and
Associative Properties of
Glencoe Algebra 1
18. Using the commutative and associative properties to group the terms in a way that Multiplication allow it to be
makes evaluation convenient, write an expression to represent the perimeter of the rewritten.
pentagon. Sample answer: (1.25 0.25) (0.9 1.1) 2.5
19. What is the perimeter of the pentagon? 6 in.

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-6 Enrichment 1-7 Lesson Reading Guide

Logical Reasoning and Counterexamples
10:27 AM
Properties of Operations Get Ready for the Lesson
Let’s make up a new operation and denote it by
, so that a
b means ba. Read the introduction to Lesson 1-7 in your textbook.
2 3 9
32 If you know the heat was not too high, what must have caused the popcorn to burn?
(1 2)
3 21
3 32 9 The kernels heated unevenly.
Page A23
3? 32
1. What number is represented by 2 9
2? 23
2. What number is represented by 3 8
Lesson 1-7
Read the Lesson
Answers
appear to be commutative? no
3. Does the operation
1. Write hypothesis or conclusion to tell which part of the if-then statement is underlined.
4. What number is represented by (2 3? 3
1)
a. If it is Tuesday, then it is raining. conclusion
5. What number is represented by 2 3)? 9
(1
b. If our team wins this game, then they will go to the playoffs. conclusion
appear to be associative? no
6. Does the operation c. I can tell you your birthday if you tell me your height. hypothesis
d. If 3x 7 13, then x 2. hypothesis
Let’s make up another operation and denote it by , so that
(Lessons 1-6 and 1-7)

a b (a 1)(b 1). e. If x is an even number, then x 2 is an odd number. conclusion
A23
3 2 (3 1)(2 1) 4 3 12 2. What does the term valid conclusion mean?

(1 2) 3 (2 3) 3 6 3 7 4 28 Sample answer: A valid conclusion is a statement that has to be true if
you used true statements and correct reasoning to obtain the
7. What number is represented by 2 3? 12 conclusion.

8. What number is represented by 3 2? 12
3. Give a counterexample for the statement If a person is famous, then that person has been
9. Does the operation appear to be commutative? yes on television. Tell how you know it really is a counterexample.
10. What number is represented by (2 3) 4? 65 Sample answer: President Abraham Lincoln was and still is famous, but
he was never on television. There was no television when Lincoln was
11. What number is represented by 2 (3 4)? 63 alive.
12. Does the operation appear to be associative? no
(3 2)? 12
13. What number is represented by 1
3) (1
14. What number is represented by (1 2)? 12
4. Write an example of a conditional statement you would use to teach someone how to
appear to be distributive over the operation ? yes
15. Does the operation identify an hypothesis and a conclusion. See students’ work.
16. Let’s explore these operations a little further. What number is represented by
Glencoe Algebra 1
3 (4 2)? 3375
4) (3
17. What number is represented by (3 2)? 585
actually distributive over the operation ? no

18. Is the operation
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-7 Study Guide and Intervention 1-7 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Logical Reasoning and Counterexamples Logical Reasoning and Counterexamples
5/10/06
Conditional Statements A conditional statement is a statement of the form If A, Deductive Reasoning and Counterexamples Deductive reasoning is the
then B. Statements in this form are called if-then statements. The part of the statement process of using facts, rules, definitions, or properties to reach a valid conclusion. To show that
immediately following the word if is called the hypothesis. The part of the statement a conditional statement is false, use a counterexample, one example for which the conditional
immediately following the word then is called the conclusion. statement is false. You need to find only one counterexample for the statement to be false.
10:27 AM
Example 1 Identify the Example 2 Identify the hypothesis and Example 1 Determine a valid conclusion from the statement If two numbers
hypothesis and conclusion of conclusion of each statement. Then write the are even, then their sum is even for the given conditions. If a valid conclusion does
each statement. statement in if-then form. not follow, write no valid conclusion and explain why.
a. If it is Wednesday, then Jerri a. You and Marylynn can watch a movie on
Lesson 1-7
a. The two numbers are 4 and 8.
has aerobics class. Thursday. 4 and 8 are even, and 4 8 12. Conclusion: The sum of 4 and 8 is even.
Page A24
Hypothesis: it is Wednesday Hypothesis: it is Thursday
b. The sum of two numbers is 20.
Conclusion: Jerri has aerobics Conclusion: you and Marylynn can watch a movie
Consider 13 and 7. 13 7 20
Answers
class If it is Thursday, then you and Marylynn can
watch a movie. However, 12 8, 19 1, and 18 2 all equal 20. There is no way to determine the two
b. If 2x 4 10, then x 7. numbers. Therefore there is no valid conclusion.
Hypothesis: 2x 4 10 b. For a number a such that 3a 2 11, a 3.
Conclusion: x 7 Hypothesis: 3a 2 11 Example 2 Provide a counterexample to this conditional statement. If you use
Conclusion: a 3 a calculator for a math problem, then you will get the answer correct.
If 3a 2 11, then a 3. Counterexample: If the problem is 475 5 and you press 475 5, you will not get the
correct answer.
A24
Exercises
(Lesson 1-7)
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Exercises
Determine a valid conclusion that follows from the statement If the last digit of a
1. If it is April, then it might rain. H: it is April; C: it might rain number is 0 or 5, then the number is divisible by 5 for the given conditions. If a

2. If you are a sprinter, then you can run fast. H: you are a sprinter; C: you can valid conclusion does not follow, write no valid conclusion and explain why.
run fast 1. The number is 120. Conclusion: 120 is divisible by 5.
3. If 12 4x 4, then x 2. H: 12 4x 4; C: x 2
2. The number is a multiple of 4. No valid conclusion; a multiple of 4 need not
4. If it is Monday, then you are in school. H: it is Monday; C: you are in school end in 0 and never ends in 5.
5. If the area of a square is 49, then the square has side length 7. H: the area of a 3. The number is 101. No valid conclusion because the number does not end
square is 49; C: the square has side length 7 in 0 or 5
Find a counterexample for each statement.
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Then write the
statement in if-then form. 4. If Susan is in school, then she is in math class. Susan is in school and she is in
history class.
6. A quadrilateral with equal sides is a rhombus. H: a quadrilateral has equal sides; 5. If a number is a square, then it is divisible by 2. 25 is a square that is not
C: the figure is a rhombus; If a quadrilateral has equal sides, then the divisible by 2.
quadrilateral is a rhombus.
6. If a quadrilateral has 4 right angles, then the quadrilateral is a square. A rectangle
7. A number that is divisible by 8 is also divisible by 4. H: a number is divisible by 8; with 5 and w 6
C: the number is divisible by 4; If a number is divisible by 8, then it is
Glencoe Algebra 1
7. If you were born in New York, then you live in New York. You could be born in
divisible by 4. New York and then live in California.
8. Karlyn goes to the movies when she does not have homework. H: Karlyn does not 8. If three times a number is greater than 15, then the number must be greater than six.
have homework. C: Karlyn goes to the movies; If Karlyn does not have 5.5; 3(5.5) is greater than 15, but 5.5 is less than 6.
homework, then Karlyn goes to the movies. 9. If 3x 2 10, then x 4. 4; 3(4) 2 10, but 4 is not less than 4.

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-7 Skills Practice 1-7 Practice

Logical Reasoning and Counterexamples Logical Reasoning and Counterexamples
10:27 AM
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement.
1. If it is Sunday, then mail is not delivered. 1. If it is raining, then the meteorologist’s prediction was accurate.
H: it is Sunday, C: mail is not delivered H: it is raining, C: the meteorologist’s prediction was accurate
2. If you are hiking in the mountains, then you are outdoors. 2. If x 4, then 2x 3 11. H: x 4, C: 2x 3 11
Page A25
H: you are hiking in the mountains, C: you are outdoors
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Then write the
3. If 6n 4 58, then n 9. H: 6n 4 58, C: n 9 statement in if-then form.
Lesson 1-7
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Then write the 3. When Joseph has a fever, he stays home from school.
statement in if-then form. H: Joseph has a fever, C: he stays home from school;
4. Martina works at the bakery every Saturday. If Joseph has a fever, then he stays home from school.
H: it is Saturday, C: Martina works at the bakery;
Answers
4. Two congruent triangles are similar.
If it is Saturday, then Martina works at the bakery. H: two triangles are congruent, C: they are similar;
5. Ivan only runs early in the morning. If two triangles are congruent, then they are similar.
H: Ivan is running, C: it is early in the morning;
Determine whether a valid conclusion follows from the statement If two numbers
If Ivan is running, it is early in the morning.
are even, then their product is even for the given condition. If a valid conclusion
6. A polygon that has five sides is a pentagon. does not follow, write no valid conclusion and explain why.
A25
H: a polygon has five sides, C: it is a pentagon; 5. The product of two numbers is 12. No valid conclusion; The product is even,
If a polygon has five sides, then it is a pentagon.
(Lesson 1-7)
but one of the numbers could be odd, such as 4 3.
Determine whether a valid conclusion follows from the statement If Hector scores 6. Two numbers are 8 and 6. The product of the numbers is even.
an 85 or above on his science exam, then he will earn an A in the class for the

given condition. If a valid conclusion does not follow, write no valid conclusion Find a counterexample for each statement. 7–8. Sample answers are given.
and explain why.
7. If the refrigerator stopped running, then there was a power outage.
7. Hector scored an 86 on his science exam. Hector earned an A in science. Perhaps someone accidentally unplugged it while cleaning.
8. Hector did not earn an A in science. Hector scored less than 85 on the exam. 8. If 6h 7 5, then h 2.
9. Hector scored 84 on the science exam. Hector did not earn an A in science. When h 2, then 6h 7 5, and so is not less than 5.
10. Hector studied 10 hours for the science exam. No valid conclusion; the GEOMETRY For Exercises 9 and 10, use the following information. 9–10. Sample
conditional statement does not mention the number of hours Hector answers
studied. If the perimeter of a rectangle is 14 inches, then its area is 10 square inches.
are given.
9. State a condition in which the hypothesis and conclusion are valid.
Find a counterexample for each statement. 11–14. Sample answers are given. A rectangle has a length of 5 in. and a width of 2 in.
11. If the car will not start, then it is out of gas. The battery could be dead. 10. Provide a counterexample to show the statement is false. A rectangle with a length
of 6 in. and a width of 1 in. has a perimeter of 14 in. and an area of 6 in2.
12. If the basketball team has scored 100 points, then they must be winning the game.
Glencoe Algebra 1
The other team could have scored 101 points. 11. ADVERTISING A recent television commercial for a car dealership stated that “no
reasonable offer will be refused.” Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of the
13. If the Commutative Property holds for addition, then it holds for subtraction. statement. Then write the statement in if-then form.
41 14 H: there is a reasonable offer, C: it will not be refused;
14. If 2n 3 17, then n 7. When n 7, 2n 3 is equal to 17, not less than 17. If there is a reasonable offer, then it will not be refused.
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1

Logical Reasoning and Counterexamples
5/10/06
1. KINDERGARTEN Identify the 4. AUTOMOBILES Is the following Counterexamples
hypothesis and conclusion and write the conclusion valid? If not, find a
statement in if-then form. counterexample. Some statements in mathematics can be proven false by
Helene will go to school when she is five If the weather is sunny, it is a good day to counterexamples. Consider the following statement.
years old. wear a T-shirt. For any numbers a and b, a b b a.
10:27 AM
Hypothesis: if she is five years No. If it is a sunny day in winter,
You can prove that this statement is false in general if you can find
old it will not be warm enough for a one example for which the statement is false.
Conclusion: Helene will go to T-shirt.
school Let a 7 and b 3. Substitute these values in the equation above.
If-Then: If Helene is five years old,
Lesson 1-7
7337
then she will go to school. QUADRILATERALS For Exercises 5–7,
4 4
Page A26
use the following information.
2. GEOMETRY Write a valid conclusion The Venn diagram shows the relationships In general, for any numbers a and b, the statement a b b a is
of various quadrilaterals. false. You can make the equivalent verbal statement: subtraction is
Answers
that follows from the statement below for
the given condition. If a valid conclusion not a commutative operation.
does not follow, write no valid conclusion
Quadrilaterals
and explain why. In each of the following exercises a, b, and c are any numbers. Prove that the
Parallelograms
If the radius of a circle is multiplied by statement is false by counterexample. Sample answers are given.
10, its area is multiplied by 100. Rectangles
Circle A has a radius of 5 centimeters Trapezoids 1. a (b c) (a b) c 2. a (b c) (a b) c
Squares
and an area equal to 78.5 square 6 (4 2) (6 4) 2 6 (4 2) (6 4) 2
A26
Rhombuses
centimeters, while circle B has a radius
6222 6 1.5
of 50 centimeters.
2 2
(Lesson 1-7)
The area of circle B is 7850 cm2. 4 0
3 0.75
State whether each statement is valid. If it 3. a b b a 4. a (b c) (a b) (a c)

is not valid, write a new statement that is 6446 6 (4 2) (6 4) (6 2)
valid. 3 2 6 6 1.5 3

2 3
5. If a square is a rhombus and a square is 1 4.5
3. PRIME NUMBERS For centuries, a rectangle, then a rhombus is a
rectangle. 5. a (bc) (a b)(a c) 6. a2 a2 a4
mathematicians have tried to develop a
formula to generate prime numbers. Not valid; if a square is a 6 (4 2) (6 4)(6 2) 6 2 62 64
Legendre and Euler each came up with a rhombus and a rhombus is a 6 8 (10)(8) 36 36 1296
number of polynomial formulas that parallelogram, then a square is a 14 80 72 1296
generate primes. Consider the following parallelogram.
conditional statement and find a 7. Write the verbal equivalents for Exercises 1, 2, and 3.
counterexample to show that it is not 6. If a quadrilateral is not a parallelogram, 1. Subtraction is not an associative operation.
always true. it is a trapezoid.
Not valid; if a quadrilateral is a 2. Division is not an associative operation.
If n is a whole number, 2n2 11 is a
prime number. parallelogram, it is not a 3. Division is not a commutative operation.
When n 11, the expression trapezoid.
8. For the distributive property a(b c) ab ac it is said that
yields 253, which is divisible by
Glencoe Algebra 1
multiplication distributes over addition. Exercises 4 and 5 prove

11 (not prime). 7. If a quadrilateral is not a square, it is not
a rhombus. valid that some operations do not distribute. Write a statement for each
exercise that indicates this.
4. Division does not distribute over addition.
5. Addition does not distribute over multiplication.

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-8 Lesson Reading Guide 1-8 Study Guide and Intervention

Number Systems Number Systems
10:27 AM
Get Ready for the Lesson Square Roots A square root is one of two equal factors of a number. For example, the
square roots of 36 are 6 and 6, since 6 6 or 62 is 36 and (6)(6) or (6)2 is also 36. A
Read the introduction to Lesson 1-8 in your textbook. rational number like 36, whose square root is a rational number, is called a perfect
square.
The expression 兹3600
苶 is read, “the square root of 3600.” How would you read the expression
The symbol 兹苵 is a radical sign. It indicates the nonnegative, or principal, square root of
兹苶64?
the number under the radical sign. So 兹苶 36 6 and 兹36 苶 6. The symbol 兹36 苶
Page A27
the square root of 64 represents both square roots.
Read the Lesson

Complete each statement below.
Example 1 Find 25
.
49
Example 2 Find 0.16
.
兹0.16
苶 represents the positive and
radical sign 冑苳
25
represents the negative negative square roots of 0.16.
Answers
1. The symbol 兹苵 is called a and is used to indicate a 49
25 0.16 0.42 and 0.16 (0.4)2
nonnegative or principal square root of the expression under the symbol. square root of .
49
兹0.16
苶 0.4
2. A rational approximation of an irrational number is a rational number that is close 25 5 2
冢冣
→
49 7
冑苳 25
49
5

7
Lesson 1-8
to, but not equal to, the value of the irrational number.
3. The positive square root of a number is called the principal square Exercises
root of the number.
A27
Find each square root.
(Lesson 1-8)
4. A number whose positive square root is a rational number is a
苶 8
1. 兹64 2. 兹81
苶 9 苶 4.1
3. 兹16.81
perfect square .
5. Write each of the following as a mathematical expression that uses the 兹苵 symbol.

1600

a. the positive square root of 1600
b. the negative square root of 729 729

4. 兹100
苶 10 5. 冑苳 25

4
25
6. 兹121
苶 11
c. the principal square root of 3025 3025

6. The irrational numbers and rational numbers together form the set of
real numbers.
7. 冑苳
25

144

5
12
8. 冑苳 54
25

16
9. 冑苳
121

100
11

10

10. 兹3600
苶 60 11. 兹6.25
苶 2.5 12. 兹0.000
苶4苶 0.02
7. Use a dictionary to look up several words that begin with “ir-”. What does the prefix “ir-”
mean? How can this help you remember the meaning of the word irrational?
Sample answer: The prefix “ir-” means not. So an irrational number is a
number that is not a rational number.
冑苳 67 冑苳 67
Glencoe Algebra 1
144 36
13.
196
14.
49
15. 兹1.21
苶 1.1
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-8 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 1-8 Skills Practice

5/10/06
Classify and Order Numbers Numbers such as 兹2苶 and 兹3苶 are not perfect squares. Find each square root. If necessary, round to the nearest hundredth.
Notice what happens when you find these square roots with your calculator. The numbers
continue indefinitely without any pattern of repeating digits. Numbers that cannot be 苶 12
1. 兹144 2. 兹36
苶 6
冑苳
written as a terminating or repeating decimal are called irrational numbers. The set of
49 7
real numbers consists of the set of irrational numbers and the set of rational numbers 3. 兹0.25
苶 0.5 4.
10:27 AM
together. The chart below illustrates the various kinds of real numbers. 100 10
Natural Numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, …}

5. 兹17
苶 4.12 苶 1.5
6. 兹2.25
Whole Numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …}

Integers {…, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …} Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number belongs.
Page A28
a 28 5
Rational Numbers {all numbers that can be expressed in the form , where a and b are integers and b 0} 7. 8.
b 7 6
Irrational Numbers
a
{all numbers that cannot be expressed in the form , where a and b are integers and b 0} integer, rational rational
Answers
b
9. 兹29
苶 10. 兹196
苶
Example
Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number belongs. irrational natural, whole, integer, rational
4
Lesson 1-8
a. Because 4 and 11 are integers, this number is a rational number. 9
11 11. 12. 兹1.8
苶
13
b. 81
Because 兹81苶 9, this number is a natural number, a whole number, an integer, rational irrational
and a rational number.
A28
c. 32
Because 兹32
苶 5.656854249…, which is not a repeating or terminating decimal,
(Lesson 1-8)
Graph each solution set.
this number is irrational.
13. x 1 14. x 1
Exercises

2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number belongs.
84 6 2 2.5
1. 2. 3. 4. 兹54
苶 15. x 1.5 16. x
12 7 3
natural, whole, rational rational irrational 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
integer, rational
5. 3.145 6. 兹25
苶 7. 0.62626262… 8. 兹22.51
苶 Replace each ● with , , or to make each sentence true.
rational natural, whole, rational irrational 4 1
integer, rational 苶
17. ● 0.4 苶9
18. 0.0 苶●
9 90
1 1
Write each set of numbers in order from least to greatest. 苶3
19. 6.2 苶 ● 兹39
苶 20. ●
8 兹苶8
3 7 3 1
9. , 5, 兹25
苶, 10. 兹0.09
苶, 0.3131…, 11. 1.2苶, 0.05, , 兹5
苶5 苶
4 4 5 4
Write each set of numbers in order from least to greatest.
3 7 3 1
5, , ,
4 4
25
0.3131…, 0.09
, 5
5
1.2 ,
4
, 0.05, 5 7 7 2 2
5
, , 2.3
6
苶 0.21
, , 0.05

Glencoe Algebra 1
21. 兹5
苶, 2.3
苶6苶, 苶1
22. , 0.2 苶, 兹0.05
3 3 9 9
5 1 1 9
12. , 2, 兹124
苶, 3.11 13. 兹1.44
苶, 0.35 苶, 2 , , 兹5
苶5
14. 0.3 苶
4 5 3 5
苶 3 3
兹6 6

5 1 9 1 23. 兹12
苶, 3.4苶, 兹11
苶8 苶苶3
24. 0.4 苶, , , 0.43,
3.11, 2, ,
4
124
1.44
, 0.35, 5

5
, 0.3
5
, 5, 2
3
5 7 7 5
, 12
8
3.4 ,
11

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06

10:27 AM
Find each square root. If necessary, round to the nearest hundredth. 1. MATH CLASS In Mrs. Carson’s math 4. LIGHTING The brightness of a light bulb
class, students draw numbers to depends on the observer’s distance from
1. 兹324
苶 2. 兹62
苶 3. 兹25
苶 4. 兹84
苶 determine the order in which each will the bulb. For a 200-watt bulb, the
18 7.87 5 9.17 solve a problem on the board. If the order distance D (in inches) from the bulb is
318
冑苳 4
冑苳7
is least to greatest value, list the
冪莦
given by the equation D , where
B
Page A29
5. 6. 7. 兹0.081
苶 8. 兹3.06
苶 students in order of their turn.
289 12 B is the brightness (in lumens per square
Amanda Boyd Celeste
2 inch). Using a light meter, a product

17
0.76 0.28 1.75 兹97
苶兹2.56
苶
23
engineer finds the brightness of a
8
200-watt bulb is 0.244 lumens per
Dominic Eve
square inch. How far is the light meter
Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number belongs. 2.56

7 兹49
苶 from the bulb? 36 in.
9. 兹93
苶 10. 兹0.062
苶5 苶 11.
8
12.
144
Eve, Boyd, Celeste, Amanda,
7 3
Dominic
Answers
GEOMETRY For Exercises 5 and 6, use
irrational rational rational integer, rational the following information.
2. SPORTS Matthew won the 100-yard
dash in a photo-finish race with a time of The Pythagorean Theorem is used to find
Graph each solution set. 15.83 seconds. Brady’s time was 15.84 the length of an unknown side of a right
Lesson 1-8
seconds, and he came in third place. Use triangle when two side lengths are known.
13. x 0.5 14. x 3.5 a number line to graph Matthew’s time,
Brady’s time, and the possible time of the
A29
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 person who finished in second place. Pythagorean Theorem

a2 b2 c2
(Lesson 1-8)
Matthew Brady
Replace each ● with , , or to make each sentence true. 15.80 15.81 15.82 15.83 15.84 15.85
b c
5 兹5
苶 Second place
苶 ● 兹0.93
苶苶 ● 兹66
苶

苶3
15. 0.9 苶7
16. 8.1 17. ● 15.835
6
3. WEATHER The table shows how the
Write each set of numbers in order from least to greatest. average temperature for each month
varied from the normal mean a
兹2苶 84 兹7苶兹35
苶 19
18. 兹0.03
苶, , 0.1
苶7苶 19. , 兹8
苶, 20. 兹8.5
苶, , 2 temperature each month for Barrow, The length of side c can be found by using
8 30 8 2 20
Alaska. Graph these values on a number. the following rearrangement of the
2
84 7
35
, 2 , 8.5 19
0.1
7, 0.03
, 8
,
30
, 20
Pythagorean Theorem: c 兹a 苶2 b2
苶.
8 8 2 Month Change in Month Change in
Temp. (°F) Temp. (°F)
21. SIGHTSEEING The distance you can see to the horizon is given by the formula 5. Should c 兹a 苶2 b2
苶 have a symbol in
Jan. –3 Jul. 5 front of the c? Squaring the value
d 兹苶 1.5h, where d is the distance in miles and h is the height in feet above the
horizon line. Mt. Whitney is the highest point in the contiguous 48 states. Its elevation
Feb. –2 Aug. –1 of c or c will give c 2 in the
is 14,494 feet. The lowest elevation, at 282 feet, is located near Badwater, California. Mar. 2 Sep. –8 original formula. However, a
With a clear enough sky and no obstructions, could you see from the top of Mt. Whitney negative value of c is not
Apr. 13 Oct. –16
to Badwater if the distance between them is 135 miles? Explain. Yes; you can see possible because the formula
about 149 miles from the top of Mt. Whitney to an elevation of 282 feet.
May 21 Nov. –16 uses lengths of sides of a
Jun. 15 Dec. –10 triangle, which can only be
Glencoe Algebra 1
22. SEISMIC WAVES A tsunami is a seismic wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean Source: World Almanac 2005, pg 185
positive numbers.
floor. You can use the formula s 3.1兹d 苶, where s is the speed in meters per second and
Oct., Nov.
d is the depth of the ocean in meters, to determine the speed of a tsunami. If an 6. Find the length of the hypotenuse c if
Sept.
a 6 centimeters and b 8 centimeters.

Dec.
Aug.
Feb.
Mar.
Jun.
May
Jan.
Apr.
Jul.
earthquake occurs at a depth of 200 meters, what is the speed of the tsunami generated
by the earthquake? about 43.8 m/s 10 cm
20 10 0 10 20
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-8 Enrichment 1-8 Graphing Calculator Activity

Evaluating Expressions
5/10/06
Scale Drawings When evaluating the same algebraic expression for different sets of rational
values, it is sometimes helpful to use the store key STO and ENTRY
The map at the left below shows building lots for sale. The scale ratio
is 1:2400. At the right below is the floor plan for a two-bedroom which is the 2nd function of ENTER . ENTRY allows you to scroll up to a
apartment. The length of the living room is 6 m. On the plan the previous line.
10:27 AM
living room is 6 cm long. c2 |a2 b2|
Example Evaluate for each set of values. Express
2ab
Closet your answers as fractions.
Lot 1
Dining Area a. a 4, b 6, and c 5
Living Room Enter the values for a, b, and c using STO . Then enter the expression. Use parentheses
Page A30
to group the numerator and the denominator. The absolute value function can be found in
Kitchen
the NUM menu of MATH . Remember to add a closing parenthesis when using abs( . The
Sylvan Road
Closet
Answers
Lot 2 Frac command from the MATH menu displays the answer as a fraction.
Keystrokes: 4 STO ALPHA [A] ALPHA [:] 6 STO ALPHA [A] ALPHA
Closet
[:] 5 STO ALPHA [A] ALPHA [:] ( ALPHA [C] x 2 — MATH
ENTER ALPHA [A] x 2 — ALPHA [B] x 2 ) ) ( 2 ALPHA
Sunshine Lake
Lesson 1-8
Closet
[A] ALPHA [B] ) MATH ENTER ENTER
Bedroom
Lot 3 Bedroom Bath
b. a 3, b 8, and c 4
A30
To evaluate the expression again, you do not have to repeat the
(Lesson 1-8)
keystrokes from part a. Instead use the replay command, 2nd
Answer each question. [ENTRY]. The expression appears again without the answer. Use
the arrow keys to scroll to the beginning of the expression and
1. On the map, how many feet are represented by an inch?

change the values for a, b, and c. Then press ENTER to re-evaluate.
200 ft
Exercises
2. On the map, measure the frontage of Lot 2 on Sylvan Road in inches. What is the actual
frontage in feet? Evaluate each expression for each set of values. Express answers as
fractions when possible.
200 ft
3. What is the scale ratio represented on the floor plan? 1. 3x 8y 2z 2. |2a 5b|
115
1:100 a. x 1, y 2, and z 6 a. a 4 and b 16 72
4 4
4. On the floor plan, measure the width of the living room in centimeters. What is the b. x 5, y 7, and z 1 70 b. a 5 and b 20 110
2
actual width in meters? b |b 4ac|
2
3. 5x2 4x 12 4.
4m 2a
3
a. x 8 340 a. a 4, b 12, and c 9
5. About how many square meters of carpeting would be needed to carpet the living room? 2
24 m2 b. x 5 93 b. a 3, b 7, and c 20 47
91
c. x 1 c. a 2, b 8, and c 5 24
6. Make a scale drawing of your classroom using an appropriate scale. 3 9
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers will vary. 5. Create a rational expression with three variables and an absolute value. Choose values
7. Use your scale drawing to determine how many square meters of tile would be needed to for the variables and evaluate your expression. See students’ work.
install a new floor in your classroom.
Answers will vary.

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06
1-9 Lesson Reading Guide 1-9 Study Guide and Intervention

Functions and Graphs Functions and Graphs
10:27 AM
Get Ready for the Lesson Interpret Graphs A function is a relationship between input and output values. In a
function, there is exactly one output for each input. The input values are associated with the
Read the introduction to Lesson 1-9 in your textbook. independent variable, and the output values are associated with the dependent
variable. Functions can be graphed without using a scale to show the general shape of the
The numbers 25%, 50% and 75% represent the graph that represents the function.
percent of blood flow to the brain
Page A31
and the numbers 0
Example 1 Example 2
through 10 represent thenumber of days after the concussion . The graph below The graph below
represents the height of a football after represents the price of stock over time.
it is kicked downfield. Identify the Identify the independent and
Read the Lesson independent and the dependent dependent variable. Then describe
1. Write another name for each term. variable. Then describe what is what is happening in the graph.
happening in the graph.
a. coordinate system coordinate plane
Price
b. horizontal axis x-axis
Answers
Height
c. vertical axis y-axis

Time
Time
The independent variable is time and the
2. Identify each part of the coordinate system.
The independent variable is time, and the dependent variable is price. The price
y dependent variable is height. The football increases steadily, then it falls, then
starts on the ground when it is kicked. It increases, then falls again.
y-axis gains altitude until it reaches a maximum
A31
height, then it loses altitude until it falls to

the ground.
(Lesson 1-9)
Exercises
origin x-axis
Lesson 1-9

1. The graph represents the speed of a car as it travels to the grocery
store. Identify the independent and dependent variable. Then
O x Speed
describe what is happening in the graph.
Ind: time; dep: speed. The car starts from a standstill, Time
accelerates, then travels at a constant speed for a
3. In your own words, tell what is meant by the terms dependent variable and independent while. Then it slows down and stops.
variable. Use the example below.
2. The graph represents the balance of a savings account over time.
dependent variable independent variable Identify the independent and the dependent variable. Then Account
Balance
the distance it takes to stop a motor vehicle is a function of the speed at which the vehicle is traveling describe what is happening in the graph. (dollars)
d s Ind: time; dep: balance. The account balance has an Time
initial value then it increases as deposits are made. It
Sample answer: The value of the dependent variable is a result of the then stays the same for a while, again increases, and
value of the independent variable. Since d is a result of s, d is the lastly goes to 0 as withdrawals are made.
dependent variable and s is the independent variable.
3. The graph represents the height of a baseball after it is hit.
Remember What You Learned Identify the independent and the dependent variable. Then Height
Glencoe Algebra 1
describe what is happening in the graph.

4. In the alphabet, x comes before y. Use this fact to describe a method for remembering Ind: time; dep: height. The ball is hit a certain height Time
how to write ordered pairs. Sample answer: Since x comes before y, when above the ground. The height of the ball increases until
writing ordered pairs, write the x value before the y value. it reaches its maximum value, then the height decreases
until the ball hits the ground.
Answers
A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
1-9 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 1-9 Skills Practice

5/10/06
Draw Graphs You can represent the graph of a function using a coordinate system. Input 1. The graph below represents the path of 2. The graph below represents a puppy
and output values are represented on the graph using ordered pairs of the form (x, y). The a football thrown in the air. Describe exploring a trail. Describe what is
x-value, called the x-coordinate, corresponds to the x-axis, and the y-value, or y-coordinate what is happening in the graph. happening in the graph. Is the function
corresponds to the y-axis. A discrete function is a function whose graph consists of points discrete or continuous?
that are not connected. When a function can be graphed with a line or smooth curve, it is a
10:27 AM
continuous function. Distance from
Height Trailhead
Example A music store advertises that if you buy 3 CDs at the regular price
Time Time
of $16, then you will receive one CD of the same or lesser value free.
a. Make a table showing the cost of c. Draw a graph that shows the The football is thrown upward The puppy goes a distance on the
Page A32
buying 1 to 5 CDs. relationship between the number of from above the ground, reaches trail, stays there for a while, goes
CDs and the total cost. Is the function its maximum height, and then falls ahead some more, stays there for a
Number of CDs 1 2 3 4 5 downward until it hits the ground. while, then goes back to the
Answers
discrete or continuous?
Total Cost ($) 16 32 48 48 64 beginning of the trail. The function
CD Cost is continuous.
b. Write the data as a set of ordered 80 3. WEATHER During a storm, it rained lightly for a while, then poured heavily, and then
pairs. 60 stopped for a while. Then it rained moderately for a while before finally ending. Which
Cost ($)
(1, 16), (2, 32), (3, 48), (4, 48), (5, 64) 40 graph represents this situation? C
The function is discrete.
20 A B C
0 Total Total Total
A32
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rainfall Rainfall
Exercises Number of CDs
Rainfall
(Lesson 1-9)
1. The table below represents the length 2. The table below represents the value of a Time Time Time
of a baby versus its age in months. car versus its age.
Age (months) 0 1 2 3 4 Age
LAUNDRY For Exercises 4–7, use the table Number of Shirts 2 4 6 8 10 12
Lesson 1-9

0 1 2 3 4 that shows the charges for washing and
(years)
Length (inches) 20 21 23 23 24 pressing shirts at a cleaners. Total Cost ($) 3 6 9 12 15 18
Value
20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 13,000
a. Identify the independent and ($)
4. Identify the independent and dependent variables.
dependent variables.
independent : number of shirts; dependent: total cost
ind: age; dep: length a. Identify the independent and dependent
variables. ind: age; dep: value
b. Write a set of ordered pairs 5. Write the ordered pairs the table represents.
representing the data in the table. b. Draw a graph showing the relationship (2, 3), (4, 6), (6, 9), (8, 12), (10, 15), (12, 18)
(0, 20), (1, 21), (2, 23), (3, 23), between age and value. Is the function
(4, 24) discrete or continuous? 6. Draw a graph of the data. 21
22 The function 18
Value (thousands of $)
c. Draw a graph showing the

20 is discrete.
Total Cost ($)

relationship between age 15
18
and length. 12
16 9
25
14 6
24
Length (inches)
12 3
23
Glencoe Algebra 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 0
22 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Age (years) Number of Shirts
21
20
7. Use the data to predict the cost for washing and
0 1 2 3 4 5 pressing 16 shirts. $24
Age (months)

A1-A34_CRM01-873944
Chapter 1
5/10/06

10:27 AM
1. The graph below represents the height of a 2. The graph below represents a 1. BAKING Identify the graph that shows 4. AGING A person born in the early 1800s
tsunami (tidal wave) as it approaches shore. student taking an exam. Describe the relationship between the number of had a life expectancy of about 37 years.
Describe what is happening in the graph. what is happening in the graph. cookies and the equivalent number of With improvements in medical care and
dozens. pharmaceuticals, life expectancy has
Number of
Graph A Graph B Graph C increased significantly. In 1900, it rose to
Height Questions
Page A33
Answered y y y 48 years and in 2006 to almost 78 years.
Number of cookies
Number of cookies
Number of cookies
Time Time Draw a reasonable graph showing the
change in life expectancy.
As the tsunami approaches shore, The student steadily answers Sales Tax
the height of the wave increases questions, then pauses, x x x y
more and more quickly. resumes answering, pauses Number of dozens Number of dozens Number of dozens
80
again, then resumes Graph B 75
answering. 70
Life expectancy (years)
Answers
2. NATURE It takes about 40 gallons of sap
3. FOREST FIRES A forest fire grows slowly at first, then rapidly as the wind increases. After from maple trees to make 1 gallon of
65
firefighters answer the call, the fire grows slowly for a while, but then the firefighters syrup. Let the number of gallons of sap 60
contain the fire before extinguishing it. Which graph represents this situation? B be the independent variable. Draw a 55
A B C reasonable graph showing the number of 50
Area Area Area gallons of syrup produced from a given
Burning Burning Burning 45
amount of sap.
40
A33
Time Time Time

Maple Syrup
35
(Lesson 1-9)
y
6 1800 1900 2006 x
INTERNET NEWS SERVICE For Exercises 4–6, use the table that shows the monthly
gallons of syrup
5 Year
charges for subscribing to an independent news server.
Lesson 1-9
WEATHER For Exercises 5–7, use the

4
Number of Months 1 2 3 4 5 3 following information.
Total Cost ($) 4.50 9.00 13.50 18.00 22.50 2 One way to estimate the distance of a
thunderstorm is to count the number of
4. Write the ordered pairs the table represents.(1, 4.5), (2, 9), (3, 13.5), (4, 18), (5, 22.5)
1
seconds that pass from the sight of a flash of
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 x lightning until thunder is heard. Divide this
gallons of sap number by 5 to get the approximate distance
5. Draw a graph of the data. Is the function 27.00 (in miles) of the storm.
discrete or continuous? The function is discrete. 22.50 3. SALES TAX The graph below shows the
Total Cost ($)
18.00 amount of tax paid on items of a certain 5. Identify the independent and dependent
cost. Name the independent and variables.
Independent: seconds counted
13.50
dependent variables.
6. Use the data to predict the cost of subscribing for 9.00
Dependent: distance of storm
9 months. $40.50 4.50 Sales Tax
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y Independent: 6. Suppose you can generally hear thunder
amount of tax ($)
Number of Months 2.00 cost of item up to 10 miles away. Identify an

1.50 Dependent: appropriate domain and range for this
7. SAVINGS Jennifer deposited a sum of money in her account
amount of
Glencoe Algebra 1
1.00 situation.
and then deposited equal amounts monthly for 5 months,
Account tax Domain: 0 to 50 s
nothing for 3 months, and then resumed equal monthly 0.50
deposits. Sketch a reasonable graph of the account history.
Balance ($) Range: 0 to 10 mi
0 5 10 15 20 25 x
Time cost of item ($) 7. Is the function discrete or continuous?
continuous
Answers

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A1-A34_CRM01-873944

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1-1 Skills Practice 1-1 Practice

Evaluate each expression.

11. 53 125 12. 33 27

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Chapter 1 8 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 9 Glencoe Algebra 1

1-1 Word Problem Practice 1-1 Enrichment

5. Write an expression representing the

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. Continue the pattern to complete the table.

of blocks left behind after the top two

Chapter 1 10 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 11 Glencoe Algebra 1

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1-2 Lesson Reading Guide 1-2

 Add 3 and 8 in the numerator.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

c. 17 3  6 multiplication Evaluate each expression.

Remember What You Learned 4 32 8(2) 4

Chapter 1 12 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 13 Glencoe Algebra 1

1-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 1-2

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Chapter 1 14 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 15 Glencoe Algebra 1

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1-2 Practice 1-2

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

29. Find the perimeter of the rectangle when n 4 inches. 34 in.

Chapter 1 16 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 17 Glencoe Algebra 1

1-2 Enrichment 1-2

7 3(4 1) 2 24 (2 4)  (3 1) 41 43 (2  1) Evaluate the expression and display the answer as a fraction.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Chapter 1 18 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 19 Glencoe Algebra 1

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1-3 Lesson Reading Guide 1-3

Since a 9 makes the equation

is greater than or equal to The solution set is {9}.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Remember What You Learned 1 5 7 18 3 15 6

Chapter 1 20 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 21 Glencoe Algebra 1

1-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 1-3

873946 Alg1 CH01 EP3

{3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {7} Solve each equation.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

16. 4x 1 4 17. 3x 3 12 18. 2( y 1) 18

{3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

Chapter 1 22 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 23 Glencoe Algebra 1

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1-3 Practice 1-3

873946 Alg1 CH01 EP3

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Chapter 1 24 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1 25 Glencoe Algebra 1

1-3 Enrichment 1-3

formula. Use the name of the cell containing

B2, the formula contains A2 in place of x. A B C

Add 3 and 8 in the numerator.

c. 17 3 6 multiplication Evaluate each expression.

7 3(4 1) 2 24 (2 4) (3 1) 41 43 (2 1) Evaluate the expression and display the answer as a fraction.

b. multiplicative identity III II. 18 18 a. 8n 8 a 5454

c. Multiplicative Property of Zero III. 3 1 3 b. If n 12, then 4n 4 12.

11. If 3 3 6 and 6 3 2, then 3 3 3 2. Transitive Property

9. 2(9 3) 2(n) 10. (7 3) 4 n 4

1 Mult. Inverse 13. 3n 1 14. 11 (18 2) 11 n

0 13 Substitution 0 21 7 Mult. Prop. Zero 1

6 Substitution 0.5 $0.39 Entered Exited Toll

11. prime numbers no; 3 5 8 12. nonprime numbers no; 22 9 31

d. 2 (3 4) 2 (4 3) IV. Commutative Property of Multiplication

Example Simplify 8(y 2x) 7y. 4. 5 3 4 3 180 5. 2 4 5 3 120 6. 5 7 10 4 1400