NEGROS ACADEMY

Tampocon II, Ayungon Negros Oriental

Division of Negros Oriental
Region VII

LEARNING MODULE
IN
MATHEMATICS 10
3rd Quarter

Name of student:___________________________________________
Section: ____________________________
Teacher: Mrs. Lourdes D. De Jesus, LPT
COMPETENCIES:
The learner will…
 illustrates the permutation of objects.
 solves problems involving permutations
 illustrates the combination of objects.
 differentiates permutation from combination n of objects taken r at a time.
 solves problems involving permutations and combinations

PRE – TEST :

Let’s find out how much you already know about this topic. Encircle only the letter of the
choice that you think best answers the question.

1. For a teacher’s program, 6 items are proposed . Due to time constraint , only 4 items will be
approved. How many permutations of 4 – item programs are there?

a. 24 c. 180
b. 120 b. 360

2. Mary, Mark, Manny , Marian, and Matt went to a concert . How many arrangements are possible
when they sit 5 adjacent seats and Manny refuses to sit next to Matt.

a. 48 c. 96
b. 72 d. 120

3. How many 6-letter arrangements from the letters in the word TUTEES?

a. 90 c. 360
b. 180 d. 720

4. How many ways can 8 children join hands to form a ring?

` a. 120 b. 5040
c. 720 d. 40320

5. In how many ways can 8 friends line up for registration?

a. 840 c. 720
b. 40320 d. 120

6. How many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected from 5 seniors and 4 juniors?

a. 462 c. 220
b. 588 d. 252
7. How many ways can a student choose to answer 5 out 8 questions ( without regard to order) in a
math final examination?

a. 21 c. 45
b. 56 d. 35

8. How many ways can 4 white balls be selected from an urn that contains 7 white balls, 4 red balls, and
4 blue balls.

a. 40 c. 45
b. 21 d. 35

9. A woman has 12 close friends. In how many ways can she invite 6 of these friends to dinner if 2 of
them refuse to attend together?

a. 210 c. 924
b. 714 d. 1134

10. In how many ways can 6 people be seated in a row?

a. 28 c. 45
b. 21 d. 35

11. There are 11 different food items in a buffet. A customer is asked to get a certain number of
items. If the customer has 462 possible ways as a result, which of the following did he possibly
do?

a. Choose 4 out of the 11 items

b. Choose 6 out of the 11 items
c. Choose 8 out of the 11 items
d. Choose 7 out of the 11 items

12. If C(n, 4) = 126, what is n?

a. 11 c. 9
b. 10 d. 7

13. Which of the following situations does NOT illustrate combination?

a. Selecting 2 songs from 10 choices for an audition piece

b. Fixing the schedule of a group of students who must take exactly 8 subjects
c. Enumerating the subsets of a set
d. Identifying the lines formed by connecting some given points on a plane

14. If P(9, r) = 3024, what is r ?

a. 2 c. 5
b. 4 d. 6

15. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word PASS.
a. 4 c. 36
b. 12 d. 44
LEARNING GOALS AND TARGETS
After going through this module, you should be able to demonstrate understanding of key
concepts of combinatorics, particularly permutations and combinations. Also, you should be able to
use precise counting techniques in formulating conclusions and making decisions.

DISCUSSION

Lesson 1

PERMUTATION
Getting Ready

Mrs. PAMO uses the four letters of her surname P, A, M and O in different order to assign
computer log-in password for her 20 students. Each letter appears only once in a password.

1. Complete the table by forming the four-letter passwordsa.

2. Are there enough passwords for Mrs. Pamo’s 20 students?
3. How many different passwords can Mrs. Pamo create.

Password
1 PAMO
2 PAOM
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Developing Skills

An arrangement of an objects ort events similar to the activity in Getting Ready section
in which the order is important is called a permutation. To find the total number of passwords
that Mrs. Pamo can create , we should have used a tree diagram .

TREE DIAGRAM
Password

M O PAMO
A
O M PAOM

A O PMAO
P M
O A PMOA

A M POAM
O
M A POMA

M O APMO
P
O M APOM

P O AMPO
A M
O P AMOP

P M AOPM
O
M P AOMP
Total number of passwords is 24
A O MPAO
P
O A MPOA

P O MAPO
M A
O P MAOP

P A MOPA
O
A P MOAP

A M OPAM
P
M A OPMA

P M OAPM
O A
M P OAMP

P A OMPA
M
A P OMAP

Getting the 24 passwords out of the four letters P, A, M, and O using a tree diagram is
quite boring . This why mathematicians consider other ways to find the number of
permutations . Hence, the number of permutations of four different letters is

4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24 or 4! = 24 read as 4 factorial
 Exclamation mark ( ! ) is a factorial symbol.

Permutation - is an arrangement of object in a definite order or the ordered arrangement of

distinguishable objects without allowing repetitions among the objects.

In general , if n is a positive , the n factorial denoted by n! is the product of all integers less than
or equal to n.

n! = n x (n – 1) x (n – 2 ) x … 2 x 1

As a special case ,
0! = 1

Note: Most scientific calculators have a key that calculate a factorial.

The key will look like x! or n! depending upon the kind of calculator.
For example, to find 4!, enter 4, press factorial key, and you obtain 24.

EXAMPLE # 1

8! 10 !
Compute : a. 7! b. c. 4! 5! d.
6! 8 ! 3!

Solutions: a. 7! = 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
= 5040

8! 8 x7 x6!
b. =
6! 6!

= 56

c. 4! 5! = ( 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 )(5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1)

10 ! 10 x 9 x 8 !
d. =
8 ! 3! 8! 3 x 2 x 1

90
= 6

= 15
 The formula in computing in computing the number of permutations of n things taken r at a time
when r is less than n is :

n!
P(n,r ) = r<n
( n−r ) !

EXAMPLE # 2

Evaluate the following.

a. P(6, 3) b. P( 10, 6 )

Solutions: a. n = 6 b. n = 10
r=3 r= 6

r < n, r<n

n! n!
P(6, 3) = P(10,6) =
( n−r ) ! ( n−r ) !

6! 10 !
= =
( 6−3 ) ! ( 10−6 ) !

6! 6 x5 x 4 x3! 10! 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 !
= = = =¿
3! 3! 4! 3!

6 x5 x 4 x3! 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 !
= =
3! 4!

10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 !
P(6, 3) = 130 =
4!

P(10,6) = 151,200

The formula in computing in computing the number of permutations of n things taken r at a time
when r is equal to n is :

P(n, n) = n! r=n

EXAMPLE # 3
Evaluate the following

a. P(12,12) b. P(5,5)

Solutions:
a. P(12,12) = n! , r = n b. P(5,5) = n!

= 12! = 5!
 = 479001600 = 120

EXAMPLE # 4
Suppose we have 6 different potted plants and we wish to arrange 4 of them in a row. In how
many ways can this be done?

Permutations of n objects r at a time.

Solution:
Given n = 6
r=4

n!
P (n, r) =
( n−r ) !

6! 6 ! 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ! 6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2!
P (6, 4) = = = =
( 6−4 ) ! 2! 2! 2!

P (6, 4) = 360 ways

EXAMPLE # 5
How many different symbols, each consisting of 5 different letters, can be formed from the
letters of the word PARENTS.
Given: n = 7, r=5
Solution:

n!
P(n, r) =
( n−r ) !

7! 7 ! 7 ×6 × 5 ×4 ×3 ×2 !
P(7, 5) = = =
( 7−5 ) ! 2 ! 2!

7 ×6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2!
= 2!
= 7 ×6 × 5 ×4 ×3 = 2520 different symbols

EXAMPLE # 6
In how many ways can Aling Rosa arrange 6 potted plants in a row?

Given: n = 6, r=6

Solution:

P(n,n) = n!

P(6, 6) = 6 !

= 6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
 = 720 ways

Circular Permutations
- are the permutations of objects when they are arranged in a circular pattern .

P= ( n−1 ) !

EXAMPLES:

1. In how many ways can 5 people be seated around a circular table?

Solution:
n=5

P= ( n−1 ) !
P= (5−1 ) !
¿4 !
¿ 4 ×3 ×2 ×1=24 ways

2. How many ways can 10 children join hands to form a ring?

Solution :
n = 10

P= ( n−1 ) !
P= (10−1 ) !
¿9!
¿ 9 × 8× 7 ×6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
¿ 362880 ways

Permutations where some objects are alike

n!
P = n ! n ! …n !
1 2 m

EXAMPLES:
1. How many distinguishable permutations are there for the letters of the word TENNESSEE
taken all together?

Solution: TENNESSEE = 9 letters

n=9

letters are alike:

E = 4, N = 2 , S = 2
 n!
P=
n1 ! n2 ! … nm !

9! 9!
P= =
E ! N ! S ! 4 ! 2! 2!

9 ×8 ×7 × 6 ×5 × 4 ! 9 ×8 × 7 ×6 ×5 9 × 8× 7 ×6 ×5
= = =
4 ! ( 2 ×1 ) (2 ×1) ( 2 ×1 ) (2×1) 4

15120
= =3780 distinguishable permutations
4

2. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the digits of the number 348 838 .

Solution: 348 838 = 6numbers

n=6

numbers are alike

3=2,8=3

6! 6 ×5 × 4 × 3! 6× 5 ×4 120
P= = = =
2! 3 ! (2 ×1)3 ! (2 ×1) 2

P = 60 permutations

PERFORM

A. Evaluate each. (Show your solutions )

10 !
1. 8! 6.
4!3!

2. 10! 7. P(15,15)

3. 4! + 5! 8. P(4,3 ) + P ( 6, 4)

4. 6! 5! 9 . [ P(8 , 6) ] × [ P(10 , 8) ]

8!7! P(8 , 6)
5. 10.
12 ! P (5 , 4)

B. How many different ways can the letters of each word be arranged.(Show your solutions )

1. PARALLEL 4. SENSELESSNESS
 2. REPETITION 5. FLIBBERTIGIBBET

3. GOOGOLPLEX 7. MISSISSIPPI

4. PHILIPPINES 6. COMMITTEE

C. Answer each . .(Show your solutions )

1. Find the different arrangements of the set of the five letters j, o, y, f, u ,l .

a. taken two at a time

b. taken three at a time

2. Find the number of ways a president, a vice president, and a secretary can be chosen from
among Aaron, Blessie, Carmi, Darius, and Elvie.

3. In how many ways can

a. Five people be seated in a row?

b. 8 people line up for registration?

4. How many distinct chords of circle can be drawn using any of the 10 points that lie on the
circle.?

5. In how many ways can 8 people sit on a round table?

Lesson 2

COMBINATIONS
Combination is a set of objects without reference to the order in which they are arranged.

The number of n objects taken r at a time is given by the formula:

n!
C(n, r)¿ ( n−r ) ! r !

EXAMPLES:

1. Evaluate : a. C(5, 2) b. C(12, 7) c. C(12, 4) x C(8, 3)

Solutions:

5! 5 × 4 × 3× 2! 5 × 4 × 3× 2! 60
a. C(5, 2) ¿ = = = =10
( 5−2 ) ! 2! 3 ! 2! (3 ×2 ×1)2! 6

12! 12× 11×10 × 9× 8 ×7 ! 12× 11×10 × 9× 8 ×7 !

b. C(12, 7) ¿ = =
( 12−7 ) ! 7 ! 5!7! (5 × 4 × 3× 2 ×1)7 !

12×11× 10 ×9 × 8 95 ,040
¿ = =792
(5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1) 120

12! 8!
c. C(12, 4) x C(8, 3) ¿ ×
( 12−4 ) ! 4 ! ( 8−3 ) ! 3 !

12×11× 10 ×9 × 8! 8 ×7 × 6 ×5 !
¿ ×
8!4! 5!3!

12×11× 10 ×9 × 8! 8 ×7 × 6 ×5 !
¿ ×
8! (4 ×3 ×2 ×1) 5 !(3 × 2× 1)

12×11× 10 ×9 8 ×7 ×6 11880 336

¿ × = ×
(4 ×3 ×2 ×1) (3 ×2 ×1) 24 6

¿ 27720

2. In how many ways can an examination committee of 4 be chosen from 9 teachers?

 Solution:

Because order has nothing to do with membership in the committee, the

4 members maybe selected:

9! 9 ×8 ×7 × 6 ×5 ! 3024
C(9, 4) ¿ = = =126 ways
( 9−4 ) ! 4 ! 5 ! (4 × 3 ×2 ×1) 24

3. How many different sets of 5 playing cards each can be formed from a standard deck of 52
playing cards?

52! 52 ! 52× 51× 50× 49 × 48 ×47 !

C ( 52, 5) ¿ = =
( 52−5 ) ! 5! 47 ! 5 ! 47 !(5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1)

52×51 ×50 × 49 × 48× 47 ! 311875200

¿ =
120
= 2598960 different sets
47 !(5 × 4 ×3 × 2× 1)

4. In a class of 15 boys and 20 girls, in how many ways can a committee made up of 3
boys and 2 girls.

Solution: Order has nothing to do with membership in a committee,

Boys – C(15,3)
Girls – C ( 20, 2)

15 ! 20 ! 20 !
C(15,3) × C ( 20, 2)¿ ×= =
( 15−3 ) ! 3 ! ( 20−2 ) ! 2! 18 ! 2 !

20× 19 ×18 ! 20 ×19 ×18 ! 20 ×19

¿ = =
18 ! (2× 1) 18 ! (2 ×1) (2 ×1)

380
¿ = 190 ways
2

PERFORM

A. Evaluate the following: (Show your solutions)

1. C(8, 3) 3. C(15,5) × C ( 20, 6)

2. C(14,10) 4. C(15,8) −¿C ( 13, 6)

B. Solve each item. (Show your solutions)

1. How many ways can a student choose to answer 5 out of 8 questions ( without regard to order)
in a math final examination.

2. How many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected from 5 seniors and 4 juniors?
 3. From a population of 50 households, in how many ways can a researcher select a sample with a size
of 10?

POST – TEST

Encircle the letter that you think best answers the question. (3pts each)

1. Which of the following situations illustrates combination?

a. arranging books in a shelf

b. drawing names from a box containing 200 names
c. forming different numbers from 5 given digits
d. forming plate numbers of vehicles

2. Which of the following expressions represents the number of distinguishable permutations of the
letters of the word CONCLUSIONS?

11!
a. 11! c. .
2! 2 ! 2 !

11! 11!
b. d.
8! 2! 2 ! 2 ! 2!

3. Which situation illustrates permutation?

a. forming a committee of councilors

b. selecting 10 questions to answer out of 15 questions in a test
c. choosing 2 literature books to buy from a variety of choices
d. assigning rooms to conference participants

4. A certain restaurant allows you to assemble your own vegetable salad. If there are 8 kinds of
vegetables available, how many variations of the salad can you make containing at least 5
vegetables?

a. 56 b. 84 c. 93 d. 96

5. Calculate P(12, 4).

a. 40 320 b. 11 880 c. 990 d. 495

6. Which of the following situations does NOT illustrate combination?

a. selecting fruits to make a salad

b. assigning telephone numbers to homes
 c. choosing household chores to do after classes
d. selecting posters to hang in the walls of your room

7. It is the selection of objects from a set.

a. combination c. permutation
b. differentiation d.distinction

8. If x = P(7, 4), y = P(8, 4), and z = P(9, 3), arrange x, y, and z from smallest to greatest.

a. x, y, z b. z, x, y c. y, x, z d. x, z, y

9. Which of the following can be the value of r in C(15, r) = 1365?

a. 6 b. 5 c. 4 d. 3

10. Find C(18, 4).

a. 2400 b. 3060 c. 4896 d. 73 440

11. Evaluate: C(25, 4) + C(30, 3) + C(35, 2)

a. 17 900 b. 17 305 c. 16 710 d. 4655

12. In how many different ways can 7 potted plants be arranged in a row?

a. 5040 b. 2520 c. 720 d. 210

13. If a committee of 8 members is to be formed from 8 sophomores and 5 freshmen such that
there must be 5 sophomores in the committee, which of the following is/are true?

I. The 8 committee members can be selected in 1 287 ways.

II. The 5 sophomores can be selected in 56 ways.
III. The 3 freshmen can be selected in 10 ways

a. I only b. I and II c. II and III d. I, II, and III

14. In how many different ways can 10 different-colored horses be positioned in a carousel?

a. 504 b. 4032 c. 362 880 d. 3 628 800

15. Calculate: C(20, 5)

a. 6840 b. 15 504 c. 116 280 d. 1 860 480