Vitamins, Minerals and its related Diseases

Vitamins

 Vitamins are the micro-nutrients required for the proper growth and maintenance of our
body and organs.
 They help with the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates required for the body
development.
 Vitamins are not developed/ synthesized inside human body. Hence, our food should have
appropriate amounts of vitamins meet the required levels.

Sources and Diseases caused by Vitamin Deficiency

The Following table contains the sources of all the important Vitamins:

1. Vitamin A (Retinol)
o Sources: Dark green and yellow coloured vegetables and fruits, cod liver oil, Milk,
Butter and other dairy products.
o Diseases: Night-blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia.
o Solubility: Fat.
2. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
o Sources: Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggs.
o Diseases: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
o Solubility: Water.
3. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
o Sources: Dairy products, bananas, popcorn, green beans, asparagus
o Diseases: Ariboflavinosis
o Solubility: Water
4. Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
o Sources: Cereals, seeds, meat, fish – tuna, etc.
o Diseases: Pellagra
o Solubility: Water
5. Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
o Sources: Brocolli, sweet potatoes, beans, eggs, etc.
o Diseases: Paresthesia
o Solubility: Water
6. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
o Sources: Pistachio nuts, Sesame seeds, Chicken, etc.
o Diseases: Anaemia peripheral neuropathy.
o Solubility: Water
7. Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
o Sources: Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, certain vegetables
o Diseases: Dermatitis, enteritis
o Solubility: Water
 8. Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
o Sources: Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver
o Diseases: Megaloblast and Deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth
defects, such asneural tube defects
o Solubility: Water
9. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamine)
o Sources: Fish, Meat, Raw milk, Organic Yogurt
o Diseases: Megaloblastic anaemia
o Solubility: Water
10.Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
o Sources: Many fruits and vegetables, liver
o Diseases: Scurvy
o Solubility: Water
11.Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
o Sources: Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms
o Diseases: Rickets and Osteomalacia
o Solubility: Fat
12.Vitamin E (Tocopherols)
o Sources: Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds
o Diseases: Deficiency is very rare; mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants.
o Solubility: Fat
13.Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)
o Sources: Leafy green vegetables such as spinach, egg yolks, liver.
o Diseases: Bleeding diathesis.
o Solubility: Fat

Pandemic deficiency diseases

Deficiency diseases of five vitamins are called Pandemic deficiency diseases. These include:

1. Niacin Deficiency (Pellagra)

2. Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)
3. Thiamine Deficiency (Beriberi)
4. Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets)
5. Vitamin A Deficiency (Night Blindness)

Minerals

Minerals are specific kinds of nutrients that your body needs in order to function properly.

 A mineral deficiency occurs when your body doesn’t obtain or absorb the required amount
of a mineral.
 There are five main categories of mineral deficiency: calcium, iron, magnesium,
potassium, and zinc.
 Sources and Diseases caused by Mineral Deficiency
1. Calcium
o Sources: Milk and Milk Products, Eggs, Wheatgrass etc.
o Diseases: Osteoporosis, Hypocalcemia, Ostopenia
2. Iron
o Sources: Red Meat, Seafood, Egg Yolk, Bananas, Apple, Green Vegetables,
Broccoli, Beans, Pumpkin Seeds etc.
o Diseases: Anaemia, Arrhythmia
3. Magnesium
o Sources: Nuts and Seeds, Green Vegetables, Dark Chocolate, Whole Grains etc.
o Diseases: Deterioration of Metabolism & Cellular Functioning, Heart Attacks,
Insulin Resistance
4. Potassium
o Sources: Meat, Milk, Fruits, Vegetables, Whole Grains etc.
o Diseases: High Blood Pressure, Arrhythmia, Muscle Weakness, Myalgia, Muscle
Cramps, Constipation, Respiratory Depression, Paralysis
5. Zinc
o Sources: Oysters, Crab, Lobster, Pork chop, Baked beans, Cashews, Cheese, etc
o Diseases: Growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function.
6. Sodium
o Sources: Salt, Fish, Meat, Vegetables etc.
o Diseases: Cognitive Impairment, Headaches, Nausea, Seizure, Coma, Electrolytic
Imbalance
7. Iodine
o Sources: Iodised Salt, Sea Food, Green Vegetables, Raw Milk, Eggs etc.
o Diseases: Goitre, Cretinism, Deterioration of Metabolism & Cellular Functioning
8. Phosphorus
o Sources: Meat, Fish, Poultry, Eggs, Milk, Bananas etc.
o Diseases: hypophosphatemia , rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
9. Protein
o Sources: Meat, Seafood, Eggs, Pulses & Legumes, Milk & Milk Products etc.
o Diseases: Kwashiorkor
10.Protein Energy
o Sources: Grains, Pulses & Legumes, Meat, Milk & Milk Products, Eggs, Seafood etc.
o Diseases: Marasmus

Complete list of all Static GK PDF Download link below: Click Here to Download