CERTIFICATE

Name: Siddharth Paul Class: XI

Roll No: 42 Exam No:

Institution: Maharishi Vidyamandir

This is certified to be the bonafide work of the student in

the _________________________ Laboratory during the
academic year 2022/23

No. of practicals certified _________ out of __________ in

the subject of ____________

……………………..
Teacher In-charge

……………………….. ………………………….
Examiner’s Signature Principal

Date: ………………….. Institution Rubber Stamp

Aim: Using a simple pendulum, plot L-T and L-T² graphs
and use it to find the effective length of the simple
pendulum.

Apparatus Required: Clamp stand, split cork, metallic

bob, thread, stopwatch, meterscale.

Principle: The simple pendulum exhibits simple

harmonic motion as the acceleration of the pendulum
bob is directly proportional to the displacement from the
mean position and is always directed towards it. The time
period(T) of a simple pendulum for oscillations of small
amplitude is given by the relation T=2π√L/g where ‘L’ is the
length of the pendulum and ‘g’ is the acceleration due to
gravity.

Procedure:
1. Place the clamp stand on the table. Tie the book
attached to pendulum bob, to one end of the string
through two half pieces of a split cork.
2. Clamp the split cork firmly to the clamp stand such
that the line of separation between the two pieces of
split cork is at the right angles to the line along which
the pendulum oscillates. Mark the edge of the table a
vertical line along which the parallel to and just
behind the vertical thread, the portion of the bob at
rest. Take care that the bob range vertically beyond
the edge of the table so that it is free to oscillate.
3. Displace the bob not more than 15° from the vertical
position and then gently release it. If you notice the
stand to be shaky put a heavy object in its base. Make
sure that the bob oscillates in a vertical plane about its
rest and does not:
a) Spin on its own axis.
b) Move up and down while oscillating.
 c) Revolve in an elliptical path around its own mean
position.
4. Keep the pendulum oscillating for a few minutes. After
the completion of few oscillations, start the stopwatch
as the thread attached to the bob crosses the mean
position consider it is zero oscillation.
5. Keep counting the oscillation everytime the bob
crosses the mean position. Stop the stopwatch at the
count of n oscillations. For better results, n should be
chosen such that the time taken to complete n
oscillations is sosor more. Read the total time taken for
n oscillations. Repeat the observation a few times by
noting down the time for the same n no. of
oscillations. Once noted down take the mean of the
readings.
6. Change the length of the pendulum of about 10 cm.
Repeat the steps for finding the time(t) for about 20
oscillations or more for the new length and find the
mean time period. Take 5 or more observations for
different lengths of the pendulum and find the mean
time period in each case.
7. Report observations in tabular form with proper units
and significant figures.

Result:
The graph for L-T² is straight line.
The graph of L-T is curved.

Precaution:
1. Thread should be strong, weightless and
inextensible.
2. Point of suspension should be fined in a rigid
support.
3. Lower end of split cock should have same level.
4. The bob should move on a straight line.
5. Clock/watch should be accurate.
6. Meter scale used should be accurate.
Observation Table for diameter of a bob:

Sl. Main Scale Vernier Scale Reading Diamete

No. Reading No. of Reading r ‘d’(cm)
‘a’(cm) vernier b=n x d=a+b
divisions L.C.
conceding(n
)
1 1.8 6 6 x 0.01 1.86

2 1.8 5 5 x 0.01 1.85

3 1.8 4 4 x 0.01
1.84

Observation Table for ‘L’ and ‘T’:

Sl. Length(cm) Time taken Time T²

No. Thread Pendulum for 20 period
oscillations(t T=t/20
)
1. 68 69 34 1.7 2.89

2. 78 79 36 1.8 3.24

3. 88 89 38 1.9 3.61

4. 98 99 40 2 4

5. 108 109 42 2.1 4.41

6. 119 44 2.2 4.84

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