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28. nÌmdbå~Z_²(Ÿg§ñH¥$V-JwO.Ÿ)IÊS>Ÿ1-5(ŸJwOamVr AZwdmXŸ) Digitalization of the manuscripts
Catalogus Catalogorum of the manuscripts of Suddhadvaita
1000 Pusti bhakti Sampradaya.
30. lr`_wZmï>H$_²(Ÿg§ñH¥$V-JwO.-{hÝXrŸ) 200 Encyclopedic CD ROM of Suddhadvaita Pusti-bhakti
Sampraday comprising of entire original Sanskrit writings of
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32. emómW©àH$aU_²(ŸJwO.Ÿ)AZwnbãY written on the base of such writings.
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41. Shrimad Vallabhacaryaji, His Philosophy & Life,
Prof.Jethalal Shah 300
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43. SriVallabhacarya & His Teachings,
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dmo {Z{fÕmMaU ho; Amoa Egmo XwîH¥$Ë` H$adodmbmo nmn^mJr hr hmodo ho. bodoH$mo H$ht {dYmZ CnbãY Z hmodogy§, H$moB XygaoHw§$ YZ Xo Ho$ godm H$amZmo
[Ÿlrà^wMaUŸ:Ÿ^pŠVh§gŸ].
AZw{MV hr ho. ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo ^JdXwŠV àH$ma (Ÿ{ZO Ka_| {ZOn[aOZZ²Ho$
gh`moJÛmam {ZOr VZ-_Z-YZgy§ hrŸ) ^JdËgodm H$aZr M{hò.
[ŸgwaVñWŸ3/2ŸJ¥hm{Yn{V
(3)AnZo goì`-ñdê$nH$s godm Amn hr H$aZr. Am¡a CËgdm{X g_`mZwgma,
lrnwéfmoÎm_OrŸ:Ÿ{gÕm._wŠVm.{dd¥.àH$m.2Ÿ].
AnZo {dÎm AZwgma H$aZo, dóm^yfU ^m§{V-^m§{VHo$ _ZmoaW H$ar gm_J«r H$aZr.
Ÿ[lrJmoHw$bZmWOr-MVwW}eŸ:Ÿ24ŸdMZm_¥VŸ].
(6)""AÌ J¥hñWmZ{dYmZoZ, ñdJ¥hm{Y{ð>V-ñdê$n-ÔZ-n[aË`mJoZ AÝ`Ì
VËH$aUo ^pŠV… Z ^d{V, B{V gy{MV§ ^d{V'' AWm©V² `hm§ godmon`moJr ñWmZHo$
(4)O~ gÝVXmgH$mo gJamo Ðì` J`mo V~ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm_| _§S>mZ ê$n_| {ZO KaH$mo {dYmZ CnbãY hmodogy§, AnZo Ka_| {~amOVo R>mHw$aOrH$s godm
lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ Ðì`gm| amIo Am¡a lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ Ðì`_|Vo Mm¡~rg Q>H$m ny§Or H$[a N>mo‹S> Ho$ H$moB Xygar OJh (ŸAWm©V² hdobrZ²_|, Oogo AmOH$b, ^|Q>-gm_J«r M‹T>m
H$mo‹S>r ~oMVo. gmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s ny§Or_|Vo Vmo H$m{gXH$mo {X`mo Z OmB© gmo H$_mB©H$mo Ho$ {ZË` `m _ZmoaWm| H$s Pm§H$s H$a boZmo d¡îUdZ²Zo nw{ï>_mJ©_| na_Y_©
Q>H$m {Xò. V~ BZH$s _OyarH$mo amO^moJ Z ^`mo gmo _hmàgmX hÿ Z {b`mo. Q>H$mHo$ _mZ {b`mo ho dogoŸ) ^JdËgodm H$adodmboZ²Hw§$ H$^r ^pŠV {gÕ Zht hmo
MyZH$mo Ý`mamo ^moJ YaVo gmo amO^moJ OmZVo, _hmàgmX boVo, Amoa {ZË`H$mo ZoJ gHo$ ho.
~hmoV lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ Ðì`gm| hmoVmo; VmVo AmnwZr amO^moJH$s godm {gÕ Z ^B©
[Ÿlrdëb^mË_O-lr~mbH¥$îUOrŸ:Ÿ^pŠVd{Y©Zrì`m»`mŸ2]Ÿ
(OmZo). H$m{gXH$mo {Xò gmo ZmamÙXmgH$mo {bI| Omo Vwåhmar à^wVmV| EH$ {XZ
amO^moJH$mo ZmJm n`m} Omo _oar gÎmmH$mo ^moJ Z Y`m}Ÿ! `m àH$ma gÝVXmg
{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`H$mo ê$n {XImò. {ddoH$ `h Omo lrJwgm§B©OrH$mo hÿ§S>r nR>mB©Ÿ•ŸAmnwZr (7)Omo lrdëb^Hw$b h¢ do Vmo AmnwZo goì`ñdê$nn| H¡$gmo ñZoh amIV h¢ Omo
11 12
EH$ R>ma¡ Ðì`H$s T>ao r H$amo Am¡a Xygar R>ma¡ lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| nYamdmo Vmo lrdëb^Hw$b AMb gån{Îm AbJgy§ {ZH$mbHo$ dm_|gy§ R>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$mo IM© {Z^m`mo Zht
dm Ðì`H$s Amoa XoI|Jo hþ Zmht; Aé lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| A{VñZohgm| nYam`r b|Jo. Omdo ho. R>mHw$aOrHo$ d¡^dH$mo, ZoJ^moJH$mo, Am^yfU-dó Am{XH$mo IM© _hmamO
n[a Omo `m H${bH$mo Ord h¡ dmHw§$ Vmo Ðì` ~hþV {à` h¡. Vmgm| dmo Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr ñd`§ AnZr Am_XZrHo$ AZwgma {Z^mdo h|... R>mHw$aOrHo$ gÝ_wI ^|Q> Yar Zht
gÝ_wI hþ Zmht XoIoJmo Aé Ho$db d¡^dHw§$ XoIoJmo Aé _mo{hV hmo` OmòJmo. Om gHo$... R>mHw$aOrH$s ^|Q> Xod_pÝXa_| ôOZr n‹S>o ho. _hmamO dm ^|Q>Hw§$ AnZo
Ÿ[lr_Q²>Qw>Or _hmamOHo$ 32 dMZm_¥V; dMZm.5]Ÿ Cn`moJ_| bm Zht gH|$.
[Ÿ{Z.br.A_aobrdmbo Jmo.lrdmJrebmbOrHo$ Am_-_wIË`maŸ:Ÿ
(8)bm¡{H$H$ AW©H$s BÀN>m am{IHo$ Omo ^JdX²ÔZ_| àd¥Îm hmo` gmo ""A_aobrhdobr ì`pŠVJV ho `m gmd©O{ZH$'' _wÔona gZ²Ÿ1909-10Ÿ_|
gd©Wm Šboe nmdo ho. BVZo H$Ny> bm^Ho$ {bò nyOm{XH$_| àd¥Îm hmo` gmo "nmI§S>r' Jm`H$dmS>r ~‹S>m¡Xm amÁ`H$s H$moQ>©_| Xr JB© Ow~mZr]Ÿ.
Amoa "XodbH$' H$ôçmo Om` ho. Vmgy§ bm^nyOmW© {gdm` Om_| {ZfoY Zht ho Egr
ar{Vgy§ ""_oamo bm¡{H$H$ {gÕ hmo`'' Egr BÀN>mgy§ Omo ÔZ_| àd¥Îm ^`mo hmo` (11)Oogo AnZo nydn© éw f ñd`§ AnZo Y_©H$o gË`ñdê$n VWm ewÕmÛ¡V{gÕmÝV
gmo "bmoH$mWu' H$ømo Om`. Hw§$ nyU©V`m g_PHo$ d¡îUdY_©H$mo `Wm©W CnXoe bmoJZ²Hw§$ XoVo hVo; Amoa _Ü`dVu
Ÿ[lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamOŸ:Ÿ{gÕmÝV_wŠVmd{b-Q>rH$m íbmoH$Ÿ16- H$mb_| Omo gån{Îm Am{XHo$ H$maUZ²gy§ h_Zo ~hmoV hX² VH$ N>mo‹S> {Xò h|, `m
17Ÿ] H$maUgy§ A{YH$m§e bmoJZ²_| gmYmaU godm Am¡a Ho$db {dÎmOm ^pŠV H$s hr
ê${‹T>Ho$ AZwgma OmZH$mar ~M J`r ho.
[Ÿ{Z.br.Jmo.lrXodH$sZÝXZmMm`©-nÄM_oe Ûmam _w§~B©Ho$ d¡îUdZ²Hw§$
(9)lrCX`nwa Xa~maHw§$ Amerdm©XŸ! `mHo$ Ûmam gy{MV {H$`mo Omdo ho {H$
Mb-AMb gån{ÎmHo$ Am{W©H$ VWm ñdm{_ËdH$s ì`dñWmHo$ ~mao_| `mo½` ì`pŠVZ²H$s {b{IV nÌŸ:Ÿ"Aml`' A{àb 87 Ho$ A§H$_| àH$m{eV]Ÿ.
EH$ gbmhH$ma g{_{V {Z`wŠV H$a br JB© ho. godm Am{X {df`Z²_| nwamVZ VWm
àdV©_mZ àUm{bHo$ AZwgma H$m_ {H$`mo OmòJmo; Amoa `{X nwamVZ naånamH$mo (12)dH$sbŸ:Ÿ`{X H$moB ^r nw{ï>_mJu` _pÝXa_|, d¡îUd lrR>mHw$aOrH$s
~mY Z hmoVmo hmo`Jmo Amoa g{_{V H$moB VahHo$ gwYmaH$s BÀN>m aIVr hmo`Jr Vmo godm Am¡a ZoJ-^moJ Ho${bò; Am¡a lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godmHw§$ {Z^mdoHo${bò ^|Q>
Eogo gwYma ^r ñdrH$mao Om`|Jo. Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Ðì` AnZo ì`pŠVJV Am{X Xo Ho$ {dÎmOm godm H$aVo hm|` Am¡a dm _pÝXa_| VZwOm godm ^r H$aVo hm|`
Cn`moJ_| Zht dmn`m} OmòJmo, Oogr {H$ naånam AmO ^r ho hr, Amoa `mHw§$ Vmo dmo, ""_pÝXa nw{ï>_mJu` Zht hmodo'' Eogo AmnH$mo H$hZmo hoŸ?.
{Z^m`mo OmòJmo. Vmo ^r _oao nyd©OZ²Ho$ g_`gy§ Mbo Am aho _oao ñdm{_ËdHo$ hŠH$
dm hr Vah H$m`_ ah|Jo. `m hr Vah Am`-ì``Hw§$ ^r CZ-CZ ~hrImVmZ²_| ny.nm._hmamOlrŸ:Ÿnw{ï>_mJu` d¡îUdZ²Ho${bò ñdVÝÌV`m VZwOm `m {dÎmOm
{b»`mo OmòJmo Oogo {H$ hmb_| {b»`mo Om aôçmo ho. godm H$adoH$s H$moB© à{H«$`m Zht ho. Amoa Egr godm H$s OmVr hmo` Vmo dmHw§$
[Ÿ{Z.br.Jmoñdm{_{VbH$m{`V lrJmodY©ZbmbOr _hmamOŸ:ŸS>oŠb°aoeZ "gmåàXm{`H$ _pÝXa' Zht H$ôçmo Om gHo$.
{_{V ^mÐewŠbm nÄM_rŸg§.1948=Vm.5-9-1893Ÿ.] [ Ÿ g w a V ñ W Ÿ 3 / 2 Ÿ J ¥ h m { Y n { V
{Z.br.ny . nm.Jmo . lrd« O aËZbmbOr_hmamOŸ:Ÿ""Z{‹ S > ` mXH$s hdo b r
(10)_hmamOHw§$ Omo Am_XZr d¡îUd Am{XZ²gy§ hmodo ho dm_|gy§ KaIMm©Ho$ d¡`pŠVH$ ho `m gmd©O{ZH$'' {ddmX_| nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ {deofk gmjrHo$ ê$n_|
ê$n_| _hmamO R>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$mo IMm© {Z^md| h|. R>mHw$aOrHo${bò Mb `m Xr Ow~mZr]Ÿ.
13 14
ñdê$nH$s godm ZÝXmb`H$s ^mdZmgy§ H$a| h|. `m{bò h_ gmVm|Ho$ gmV nwÌZ²Ho$
(13)...`m hr Vah AnZo `hm§ Omo gÝ_wI^|Q> Yar Om` ho dmo ^r XodÐì` Ka "Ka' hr H$hbmdo h| Amoa h_mao KaH$s g¥{ï> "Vrgao-KaH$s-g¥{ï>' H$hbmdo
hmodo ho; Amoa dm gm_J«rHw§$ H$m__| Zht {b`mo Omò. lrJmoHw$bZmWOr Am¡a ho.
lrMÝÐ_mOr Ho$ Ka_| AmO ^r ò {Z`_ nmë`mo Om` ho. dhm§ Omo gÝ_wI^|Q> Amdo [ Ÿ{Z.br.Jmo . lrd« O ^y f UbmbOr _hmamO V¥ V rò e Ÿ:Ÿ(13/
ho, dmHw§$ H$sV©Zr`m-_hmd{Z`m bo Omdo ho. dmo dëb^Hw$bH$mo lr`_wZmOrH$mo n§S>m H$)Ÿ:Ÿlr_Ëà^wMaU àmH$Q>çmoËgd=Vm.24-12-48Ho$ {XZ _w§~BHo$
ho. Xygam H$moB© dmH$mo AZwH$aU H$ao Vmo dmo AZw{MV ho... h_ lrZmWOrHo$ gm_Zo nw{ï>_mJu` d¡îUdZ²H$s g^m_| AÜ`jr` àdMZ. (13/I) ~`mZŸ:Ÿ_y{V©~m
Omo gÝ_wI ^|Q> Ya| h|, dmo lr_hmà^wOrH$s nmXwH$mOrHw§$ Ya| h|, {\$a ^r dmo H$m`m©. ghm. H${_. XodñWmZ{d^mJ I§S> CX`nwa Ed§ H$moQ>m ~O[aò H${_eZ
Am^yfUZ²_| dmnar Omdo ho, gm_J«r_| Zht. gÝ_wI^|Q> Yado_| ~hmoV AZmMma hmodo _w.H$m§H$amobr.\$mB©b g§»`m.1-4-64. lrÛmaH$mYre_pÝXa {XZm§H$
ho. `m Vahgy§ Am`mo Ðì` "XodÐì`' ~Zo ho... dmHw§$ bododmboH$s ~w{Õ {~J‹S>o {~Zm 7Ÿ&11Ÿ&65]Ÿ.
Zht aho.
Ÿ[{Z.br.Jmo.lraUN>mo‹S>bmbOr _hmamO amOZJaŸ:ŸdMZm_¥V.484- (15)AmO _moHw§$ AnZo öX`Ho$ CÒma H$hdo Xmo, _oamo öX` Ob aôçmo ho,
87]Ÿ. _pÝXaZ²_| _mÌ Ðì`g§J«hH$s àd¥{Îm ~M JB© ho; Amoa dmohr AZW©Z²H$s O‹S> ho. Eogo
_pÝXaZ²Ho$ ApñVËdgy§ H$moB© bm^ Zht. h_mamo gåàXm` gm_w{hH$ Zht d¡`pŠVH$
(14/H$)d¡îUdZ²Ho$ nmg Omo ^r na_ nXmW© ho dmH$mo ApñVËd AmOHo$ hr ho. gmd©H$m{bH$ VWm gmd©Xo{eH$ Adí` ho naÝVw gmd©O{ZH$ Zht. ""H$aV H¥$nm
{XZH$mo Am^mar ho. H$mbH$s ^rfUVm Am¡a n[apñW{VH$s {df_Vm Ho$ AË`ÝV {ZO X¡dr OrdZna'' `m CpŠV_| "{ZO' eãXH$mo à`moJ {H$`mo J`mo ho. X¡dr Ord
{dH$Q> `wJ_| lr_Ëà^wMaUZ²H$o {Xì` {gÕmÝVZ²H$o D$na AQ>b ahdona hr Ord_mÌH$mo H$ht ^r hmo gHo$ h| naÝVw gmd©O{ZH$ ê$ngy§ Zht. AmO h_ "nw{ï>'H$mo Zm_ bodoHo$
Eo{hH$ Am¡a nmabm¡{H$H$ H$ë`mU hmo nmdoJmo. AÝ`ml`Ho$ Ë`mJH$s ^mdZmno ^r A{YH$mar Zht h|Ÿ! AnZo _pÝXa H$hm§ h|Ÿ! AmOH$mo h_mamo OrdZ Mmdm©H$-
OJV²Ho$ Ord Ñ‹T> ah| Vmo d¡îUd-hdobrZ²Ho$ d¡^dHo$ H$maU Omo d¡îUd KagodmHw§$ OrdZ hmo aôçmo ho. Š`m h_, AmO Om àH$maH$mo gåàXm` ho, dmHw§$ {OdmZmo Mmh|
^yb MwHo$ hVo, g§`moJdemV² CZ hdobrZ²_| lrHo$ Xe©Z AmO ~ÝX ^ò h|, gmo h|Ÿ? `{X gÀMo gåàXm`Hw§$ MmhVo hm| Vmo ñdê$ngodm Ka-Ka_| nYamAmo Ed§
d¡îUdZ²Ho$ Ka nwZ… ^JdËgodmgy§ {H$b{H$bmVo hmo Om`|Jo. ò bm^ gåàXm` Am¡a Zm_godmno ^ma aImo... ^pŠVH$s àmpßV ñdJ¥hZ²_| godm H$adogy§ hr hmo`Jr.
gåàXm`rZ² Ho${bò _m_ybr Zht ahoJmo. B©ídaoÀN>m AZmH$bZr` hmodo ho. _moHw§$ Vmo AmOHo$ BZ _pÝXaZ²gy§ H$moB© bm^ Zht ho, Š`m|{H$ BZ_| Ðì`g§J«hH$s àYmZVm Am
lÕm ho {H$ `m H${R>Z narjm_| h_ g^rZ²H$mo lo` hr {gÕ hmododmbmo ho. J`r ho; Amoa Ohm§ Ðì` BH$Ç>mo hmo` ho dht AZW© hmo Omdo ho. AmO gåàXm`H$mo
{dH¥$V ñdê$n `mgy§ hr ho.
[ Ÿ{Z.br.Jmo . lrH¥ $ îUOrdZOr _hmamO _w § ~ B© -
(14/I)_oao AZw`m`rZ²Hw§$ Xmo àH$maH$s Xrjm XC§ h§y. àW_ H§$R>r ~m§YZr
VWm Xygar ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm. H§$R>r-~m§YZr gmYmaU d¡îUdZ²Hw§$ hr Xr Omdo ho _ÐmgŸ:Ÿ"dëb^{dkmZ' A§H$ 5-6 df© 1965]Ÿ
VWm ~«÷gå~ÝY {deofê$ngy§ CZ AZw`m`rZ²Hw§$, Omo godm_| {deofê$ngy§ ~‹T>Zmo
Mmho h|. nhbr XrjmHw§$ "eaU-Xrjm' H$h| h| VWm Xygar XrjmHw§$ "AmË_{ZdoXZ' (16/H$)h_ lrdëb^mMm`©OrH$s AmkmH$mo nmbZ H$hm§ H$a aho h|Ÿ?
H$h| h|. eaUXrjmgy§ d¡îUd {g\©$ Zm_ñ_aU H$adoH$mo hr A{YH$mar ~Zo ho Vmo AnZo `hm§ J¥hgodm H$hm§ hoŸ? Ho$db _pÝXaZ²_| Xe©Zgy§ Š`m bm^ hoŸ? lr_hmà^wOrH$s
godmdmbo d¡îUdHw§$ ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm bodoHo$ ~mX hr A{YH$ma {_bo ho. Amkm ho ""H¥$îUgodm gXm H$m`m©'' . `{X lr_hmà^wOr _pÝXaHw§$ _w»` _mZVo Vmo
~«÷gå~ÝYdmbmo d¡îUd AnZo Ka_| hr godmH$mo A{YH$mar hmodo ho... h_ AnZr VrZ n[aH«$_mZ²_| AZoH$ _pÝXa ñWm{nV H$a XoV.o lrJwgm§BO© rZo lr{JaYaOrHw$§
15 16
gmVñdê$nHo$ _ZmoaW H$aVo g_` `m àH$maH$s MoVmdZr Xr Wr. _pÝXañWmnZ A§J ho, godmHo$ AZwHy$b AmMmaH$mo nmbZ {H$`mo OmZmo M{hò. AmMma-nmbZHw§$
H$aVo g_` CZHw§$ S>a hVmo {H$ Ka_|gy§ R>mHw$aOr _pÝXa_| nYma Om`|Jo. _oao à_wIVm XoHo$ ^JdËgodmH$mo Ë`mJ ^r C{MV Zht ho. ^JdËgodm Oogo ^r ~Zo
{nVmOrZo H$b (Cn`©wÕ¥V "14/H$' dMZ_|) Omo H$ôçmo dmo Ajae… gË` ho. Vw_ H$amo... JwéKaZ²_| _V ôOmo... `{X h_ ^JdX²Ðì`Hw§$ noQ>_| S>mb|Jo Vmo dmo AnamY
AnZo KaZ²_| R>mHw$aOrHw§$ nYamAmo Amoa godm H$amo. ho. J«ÝWZ²Ho$ AÜ``ZHo$ à{V h_Hw§$ g_mOHw§$ AmH¥$ï> H$aZmo M{hò.
[Ÿ{Z.br.Jmo.lrXr{jVOr _hmamO _w§~B©-{H$eZJ‹T>Ÿ:Ÿ(15/H$)
(16/I)nw{ï>_mJu` àUm{bH$mHo$ AZwgma Q´>ñQ> hmoZmo C{MV Zht ho. ""AmMm`m}ÀN>oXH$ Q´>ñQ> àWmgo nwOmarnZH$s ñWmnZm Kmoa {gÕmÝVhm{Z
lrAmMm`©MaUZo àËòH$ ~«÷gå~ÝYr OrdHw$§ Amkm Xr ho ""J¥ho pñWËdm ñdY_©V…'' Ed§ Kmoa ñdê$nÀ`w{V'' boI n¥ð> 7. (15/I)"lrdëb^{dkmZ' A§H$
(^pŠVd{Y©Zr) AWm©V² J¥h_| ah Ho$ ñdY_m©MaU H$aZmo M{hò. Jmoñdm_r ~mbH$ 5-6 df© 1965Ÿ_| àH$m{eV dŠVì`].
^r AmMm`© hmodoHo$ ~mdOyX d¡îUd ^r h|. AV… AmMm`©lrH$s CnamoŠV AmkmHw§$
nmbZmo CZH$mo ^r H$V©ì` ho... AV… _oamo Vmo _mZZmo `hr ho {H$ AmMm`©MaUHo$ (18/H$)Oogo ñdê$ngodm ñdmW©~w{Õde Amoa bm¡{H$H$ H$m`© g_P Ho$ Zht
{gÕmÝVHo$ AZwgma d¡îUdZ²Hw§$ ñd`§Ho$ Ka_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm H$aZr M{hò H$adoH$s lr_hmà^wOrH$s Amkm ho, d¡go hr Zm_godm ^r d¥Î`W© Zht H$aZr
Amoa Y_©J«ÝWZ²H$mo nR>Z-nmR>Z H$aZmo M{hò. Zht {H$ _pÝXaZ²_| OmHo$... Q´>ñQ> M{hò, Eogr Amkm lr_hmà^wOr {Z~ÝY_| H$a| h|... d¥Î`W© godm H$adogy§ àË`dm`
Vmo nw{ï>_mJu` àUm{bH$mgy§ g§JV hmododmbr ~mV Zht ~pëH$ AnZr àUmbrH$mo (Xmof) bJo ho. Oogo J§JmO_wZmObH$mo Cn`moJ JwXmàjmbZmW© Zht {H$`mo Om gHo$,
^§J H$adodmbr ~mV ho. d¡go hr godmH$mo Cn`moJ ^r d¥Î`W© Zht H$aZmo M{hò.
[ ŸX{hga_| lrJmo d Y© Z ZmW hdo b r Q´ > ñQ>Ho $ g§ ñ WmnH$
ny.nm.{Z.br.Jmo.lrd« OmYreOr_hmamOŸ:Ÿ(14/I)"dëb^{dkmZ'. (18/I)VZ Amoa {dÎm à^wHo${bò dmn`m} Om` Vmo _Z ^r à^w_| Adí`
A§H$ 5-6 df© 1965, (14/J) "ZdàH$me' A§H$ 8 df© 8Ÿ]. bJo hr ho. AVEd lrdëb^Zo CnXoe {H$`mo ho {H$ ""VpËgÕç¡ VZw{dÎmOm''.
_mZgr Omo nam ho dmo {gÕ H$aZr hmo` Vmo VZw{dÎmOm godm Amdí`H$ ho. VZ Am¡a
(17/H$)Amoa O~ OZab npãbH$ Q´>ñQ> ho V~ R>mHw$aOrHw§$ Jmoñdm_rHo$ {dÎm H$ht EH$Ì bJm`mo Om` Vmo {MÎm ^r dhm§ {XZ-amV b½`mo ah gHo$ ho.
gå~ÝYgy§ n¥WH²$ H$aHo$, R>mHw$aOrHw§$ g~ gån{Îm An©U H$aHo$, AWm©V² ^|Q> H$aHo$ XbmbrH$mo ì`dgm` H$adodmboHo$ ì`dgm`_| Ho$db VZgy§ l_ {H$`mo Omdo ho
[abr{OAg E§S>m°_oÝQ>Ho$ ê$n_| ^ò do Q´>ñQ> h|. Eogr AdñWm_| BZ Q´>ñQ>Z²gy§ Omo ZoJ- naÝVw dm_| {dÎm ñd`§H$mo bJm`mo Zht Omdo ho. AVEd ~OmaHo$ ^mdZ²H$s KQ>~‹T>_|
^moJ Mbm`mo Omdo ho, dmo XodÐì`gy§ Mbm`mo Om aôçmo ho. XodÐì`H$mo Cn^moJ XbmbHw§$ V{ZH$ ^r _mZ{gH$ {MÝVm hmodo Zht... H$moB ~ÀMmH$mo {nVm Ho$db
H$aZodmbmo AÝV_| XodbH$ hr hmodo ho. lr_XmMm`©MaUZo à^wH$s gmoZoH$s H$Q>moar Q>çweZ \$s XoHo$ ~mX_| g_P bo ho {H$ ~ÀMm narjm_| nmg hmo hr OmòJmo. BZ
{Jadr aIHo$ O~ ^moJ AamoJm`mo V~ AmnZo dm Ðì`gy§ g_{n©V gmamoH$mo gmamo VrZm|Hw§$ \$bàmpßV hmodo Zht Š`m|{H$ VZwOm-{dÎmOm XmoZm| Zht bJr. A~
àgmX Jm`Z²Hw§$ Idm {X`mo. ò ho gmåàXm{`H$ {gÕmÝV. `m àH$maHo$ AmXe©ê$n VZw{dÎmOm XmoZm| bJmdodmboHo$ {MÎmàdU hmodoH$mo CXmhaU XoI|Ÿ:ŸEH$ XwH$ZXma
{gÕmÝVZ²H$mo Om àWmgy§ {dZme hmodo, AmMm`©Z²Hw§$ XodbH$ ~Zm`mo Om`, dm XwH$mZ Am¡a _mb H$s IarXr_| ny§Or bJm Ho$ ì`mnma ewé H$ao gw~hgy§ amV VH$
àWmHw§$ {OVZr erK« gåàXm`gy§ hQ>m Xr Om`, CVZmo hr lo` `m_| Jmoñdm{_g_mO dhm§ CnpñWV ah Ho$ O~ VZ ^r ì`mnma_| bJmdo ho Vmo `m H$maUgy§ {XZamV dmHw§$
VWm d¡îUdg_mO H$mo {Z{hV ho. ì`mnmaHo$ hr {dMma AmVo ah|Ÿ:ŸAÀN>r Vah ì`mnma Ho$go H$ê§$Ÿ•ŸHo$go ì`mnma
~‹T>o... AV… nw{ï>_mJ©_| à^w_| AmgpŠV {gÕ hmodoHo${bò _Zmod¡km{ZH$ à{H«$`m
(17/I)^JdËgodm gåàXm`H$s AmË_ê$n àd¥{Îm ho. AmMma godmH$mo g_Pm`r J`r ho {H$ ^mdnyd©H$ ^ŠVHw§$ VZw{dÎmÛmam godm H$aZr M{hò.
17 18
[ Ÿny . nm.Jmo . lrJmo { dÝXamÒr
_hmamO nmo a ~ÝXaŸ:Ÿ(16/H$) "JwéÐì`' H$ôçmo Om` ho. à^wH$s àgmXr dñVwHw§$ "_hmàgmX' H$ho h|... `m
"gwYmYmam' n¥.114. (16/I) "gwYm{~ÝXw' n¥.73]Ÿ àH$maHo$ _pÝXaZ²_| R>mHw$aOrHo$ gÝ_wI_| ^|Q> Yao OmVo Ðì`Hw§$ Amoa Q´>ñQ>H$s
Am°{\$g_| AmVo Ðì`Hw§$ Vmo ñnï> eãXZ²_| "XodÐì`' H$ôçmo Om gHo$ ho; Am¡a dm
(19)dëb^_V_| ò {gÕmÝVV… JbV ho Amoa Eogo XodñWmZZ²Ho$ M‹T>mdmH$mo Ðì`gy§ {gÕ hmoVr gm_J«r_| ^JdËàgmXr hmodoHo$ ~mX _hmàgmXnZmo Vmo Amdo ho
àgmX ^r Im`mo Zht Om gHo$ ho, Š`m|{H$ dhm§ XodbH$Ëd hr àYmZ ho. AmOHo$ naÝVw dmHo$ gmW dm_| XodÐì`nZmo ^r aho hr ho. `mhr H$maU d¡îUdZ²Hw§$ Eogo
`wJHw§$ XoIVo ^ò Ohm§ Ý`mg H$aZmo Amdí`H$ ho dhm§ Cn`©wŠV {gÕmÝVZ²Hw§$ _hmàgmXHw§$ XodÐì` g_PHo$ hr ì`dhma H$aZmo M{hò. Eogo _hmàgmXHw§$ boZo_|
Ü`mZ_| aI Ho$ hr Ý`mg H$aZmo Amdí`H$ ho, Omgy§ XodbH$d¥{Îmgy§ ~À`mo Om gHo$. XodÐì`H$mo ~mY Vmo aho hr ho.
`{X Egr ì`dñWm Zht H$s JB Vmo XodÐì` hmodoJmo, OmHo$ godZ H$adogy§ AmMm`©
ñnï> H$h| h| {H$ ZH©$nmV hmo`Jmo. (21/I)_pÝXaHo $ ñWbHo $ \o $ a~XbHo $ ~mao _ | lr Jmo . ny . 108
[ Ÿ{Z.br.Jmoñdm_r lraUN>mo‹S>mMm`©Or àW_oeŸ:Ÿ""h_mar Ym{_©H$ lr~mbH¥$îUbmbOrZo H$ôçmo {H$ nw{ï>_mJ©_| gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXaH$s naånam Zht ho.
pñW{VH$m dV©_mZ ñdê$n Ed§ ^{dî`H$s ì`dñWmhoVw à{VdoXZ ({XZm‘>Ÿ: `m_| ì`pŠVJV ñdê$n, {ZOr ñdê$n, H$s hr ~mV ho; Amoa `mhr H$maU
25Ÿ&2Ÿ&81Ÿ)'' n¥ð>.12]Ÿ nw{ï>_mJ©_| godmàH$ma Xodmb`Ho$ àH$ma Oogmo Zht ho. _pÝXaH$mo {Z_m©U ^r Ka
Oogmo hmodo ho. H$ht ^r ÜdOm-{eIa Zht hmodo. d¡îUd ^r Ka_| hr godm H$ao h|
VWm dmHw§$ "_pÝXa' hr H$h| h|...
(20)Š`m|{H$ lrZmWOr ñd`§ dmHo$ ^moŠVm h| {H$ÝVw d¡îUd-d¥ÝX VWm
godH$JU ^r dm _hmàgmX bodo VH$Ho$ A{YH$mar Zht ho. `h AmMm`©MaUHo$ Ÿ [ "go d m-Xo d Ðì`-{d_e© ' J« Ý WHo $ ghbo I H$
B{Vhmggy§ àË`j à_mU^yV ho. dmHo$ _hmàgmX bodoH$mo Ho$db Jm`Hw§$ hr ny.nm.Jmo.lr~mbH¥$îUbmbOr _hmoX` gyaVñW 3/2ŸJ¥hmYreŸ:Ÿ(19/
A{YH$ma ho. AÝ`Wm dm XodÐì`Ho$ Cn^moJ H$adogy§ {ZíM` hr AY…nVZ ho... H$)"d¡îUddmUr' A§H$Ÿ3,df© _mM© 1983. (19/I) "JwOamV g_mMma'
g~ àH$maHo$ XmZ-M‹T>mdm d dgyb dgybr H$adoH$mo CëboI {H$`mo J`mo ho, dmo A§H$ 25-5-93_| àH$m{eV]Ÿ.
^r gåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝVgy§ {ZVmÝV {déÕ ho. AnZo gåàXm`H$s àUmbrHo$
AZwgma Omo AnZo gåàXm`Ho$ godH$ h|, CZH$moŸhr Ðì` Jwé-{eî`Ho$ gå~ÝYgy§ (22)...~«÷gå~ÝY boH$o godm H$adog§y àËòH$ BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo ^JdmZ²_| {d{Z`moJ
boHo$ godm_| Cn`moJ H$am`mo Om gHo$ ho. gåàXm`_| g~ àH$maHo$ XmZ-M‹T>mdmZ²H$mo hmodo ho... _pÝXa-JwéKa Ho$db CnXoeJ«hU H$adoHo${bò h|. godm AnZHw§$ AnZo
Cn`moJ godm_| Zht {H$`mo Om` ho; Amoa H$Xm{MV² H$ht {H$`mo OmVmo hmo` Vmo dmo KaZ²_| H$aZr ho.
gåàXm`Ho$ {Z`_Z²gy§ {déÕ hmodoHo$ H$maU ~ÝX H$a XoZmoŸŸM{hò. Ÿ[ny.nm.Jmo.lr_WwaoídaOr g§ñWmnH$Ÿ•ŸlrJmodY©ZZmWOr _pÝXa,
Ÿ[ny.nm.Jmo.lrKZí`m_bmbOr-gßV_oeŸ:Ÿ""lrZmWÛmam {R>H$mZoHo$ hmo{bdwS²>.EZ².dm`².A_o[aH$mŸ:Ÿ"dëb^{dkmZ'A§H$ 5-6 df© 1965]Ÿ.
à~ÝYH$s {Xëbr-`moOZmH$s AmbmoMZmŸ(Vm.1-2-56)'']. Ÿ
(23)àíZŸ:ŸAnZo gåàXm`_| _pÝXaHw§$ "_pÝXa' Z H$hHo$ "hdobr' Š`m|
(21/H$)àíZŸ:Ÿ"XodÐì`' H$m`Hw§$ H$h| h|Ÿ? "XodÐì`'H$mo _Vb~, XodH$mo H$ôçmo Omdo hoŸ?
Ðì`. Eogmo Ðì` `m nXmW© Omo XodHw§$ hr CÔoí` ~Zm Ho$ An©U {H$`mo J`mo hmo` CÎmaŸ:Ÿgm_mÝ`V`m BVa {hÝXw-gåàXm`_| "_pÝXa' eãX Xodmb`Ho$ AW©_|
dmHw§$ "XodÐì`' H$h| h|. `mhr àH$ma JwéHw§$ CÔoí` ~ZmHo$ An©U {H$ò Jò Ðì`Hw§$ à`wŠV hmodo ho naÝVw Eogo Xodmb`Ho$ ê$n_| _pÝXa Oogr g§ñWmH$mo nw{ï>_mJ©_|
19 20
ApñVËd hr Zht ho. Š`m|{H$ nw{ï>_mJ©_| AnZo _m§Wo Omo à^w nYamò Omd| h| do
à^wñdê$n Amoa CZH$s godm haoH$H$mo ì`pŠVJVê$n_| dmH$s ^mdZmHo$ AZwgma (25)""A{V YÝ`dmXmh© ho {H$ AmnZo BVZr _ohZV H$aHo$ gåàXm`Ho$
nYamò Omdo h|. ñd`§Ho$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm nw{ï>_mJu` OrdH$mo EH$_mÌ ñd`§H$mo {gÕmÝVZ²H$§y H$moQ>_© | g_Pmò''-Ÿ""h_mamo `m_| nyamo gh`moJ ahoJmo, VZ_ZYZgo...h_mao
H$V©ì` ~Z OmVmo ñd`§H$mo hr Y_m©MaU ho. nw{ï>_mJ©_| godm gm_w{hH$ OrdZH$mo g^r {M.~mbH$ `m H$m`©_| gh`moJ H$adoHw§$ V¡`maŸh|''.
{df` Zht naÝVw ì`pŠVJV OrdZH$mo {df` ho. Oogo bmoH$_| nËZr AWdm _mVm Ÿ[ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrh[aamÒr(Om_ZJa)Ho$ {gÕmÝV{Zð> {nV¥MaU
H$mo n{V AWdm nwÌ H$s godm `m dmËgë` àXmZ H$adoH$mo dmH$mo ì`pŠVJV Y_© {Z.br.Jmo.lrd«O^yfUbmbOr _hmamOŸ:ŸJmo.í`m_Ÿ_ZmohaOr(nmbm©-
CÎmaXm{`Ëd Amoa A{YH$ma hmodo ho. dm hr Vah Om godH$Ho$ Omo goì`ñdê$n hmodo {H$eZJT>)Hw§$ ôOo {X.26-10-86 Am¡a 7-11-86 Ho$ nÌZ²_|]Ÿ.
h| dm goì`ñdê$nH$s godm dmH$mo ì`pŠVJV Y_© Amoa A{YH$ma hmodo ho. godm H$moB©
gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`© `m gmd©O{ZH$ àd¥{Îm Zht naÝVw godm Vmo ñd`§Ho$ AmÝV[aH$
OrdZHo$ gmW gå~ÝY aIdodmbr ~mV hmodgy§ ñd`§Ho$ OrdZH$s ñd`§Ho$ Ka_| H$s (26)_¢ Vmo EH$ hr ~mV H$hZr Mmhÿ§Jmo {H$ g_mOHo$ ^rVa Amoa AnZo
Omdodmbr Y_©ê$n àd¥{Îm ho... AV… BVa hdobrZ²H$s Vah Oogo "lrZmWOrH$mo gåàXm`_| BVZmo A{YH$ {gÕmÝVd¡narË` hmo J`mo ho {H$ JwOamVHo$ EH$
_pÝXa' eãX, ê$‹T> hmo J`mo hmodogy§, à`moJ {H$`mo Omdo ho. dñVwV… Vmo gm_w{hH$ Jm§d_|...nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ hr, AnZo gåàXm`Ho$ hr, Xmo _pÝXa h| Amoa _pÝXaZ²H$s
Xe©Z `m godm Ohm§ H$s OmVr hmo` Ego AÝ`_mJu` gmd©O{ZH$ XodñWmZ Oogmo Xrdmb ^r EH$ hr h|; naÝVw...Eogr O~aXñV à{VñnYm© d¡îUdg_mO_| n¡Xm hmo
dmo _pÝXa Zht ho. JB© ho {H$ _mZm| EH$-XygaoHo$ gmW ñnYm© H$aVo hm|`. Eogo B©î`m©-ÛofH$mo dmVmdaU
O~ godmHo$ joÌ_| CËnÝZ hmo Omdo Vmo dmgy§ ~‹T>Ho$ bmoH$m{W©Ëd Amoa Š`m hmo gHo$
[ Ÿ"go d m-Xo d Ðì`-{d_e© ' J« Ý WHo $ bo I H$
hoŸ! ...Omo em°-{~µOZog gåàXm`_| Mb aôçmo ho dmH$mo {ZdmaU hmo` EVXW© EH$
A.gmo.dm.ny.nm.Jmo.lrdëbâmÒr gwaVñW 3/2 J¥hJmoñdm_rŸ:Ÿ"nw{ï>Zo
gwÝXa MMm©g^mH$mo Am`moOZ ^`mo ho... _oar g{deof {dZ§Vr ò ho {H$ Ego g^r
erVb N>m§`S>o' n¥.g§.157-158]Ÿ.
{gÕmÝVd¡narË`H$s \$µOrhV `{X gdm©{YH$ H$ht hmoVr hmo` Vmo JwOamV_| hmodo ho.
^mJdV_| ^r {b»`mo ^`mo ho {H$ ""JwO©ao jrUVm§ JVm''... AV… {gÕmÝVH$s
(24)lr_hmà^wOrZo AbJ-AbJ _pÝXaZ²H$s àUmbr I‹S>r Zht H$ar; gË`{Zð>m H$ht gmYZr hmo` Vmo... Amoa lr_hmà^wOrHo$ nw{ï>{gÕmÝVZ²Ho$
naÝVw `m_| OJX²Jwé lrdëb^mMm`©H$s EH$ XyaÑ{ï> hVrŸ:ŸàËòH$ d¡îUdH$mo Ka gX²OmJaUH$s H$ht Amdí`H$Vm hmo` Vmo... JwOamV_| Egr g^mZ²H$mo Am`moOZ
ZÝXmb` ~ZZmo M{hò... H$moB _pÝXaHo$ n‹S>m¡g_| EH$ ~hZ aho ho. dmHw§$ _pÝXaH$s hmoZmo M{hò...
AmaVrHo$ KÝQ>mZmX gwZmB© n‹S>o h|. godm H$adoHw§$ ~¡R>r ^B dmo ~hZ R>mHw$aOrHo$ dó [Ÿny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrÐw{_bHw$_maOr _hmoX`Ÿ:Ÿ""nw{ï>{gÕmÝVMMm©g^m
~‹S>o H$aHo$ ñZmZ H$amdo Om ahr hVr {H$ AmaVrHo$ K§Q>mZmX gwZmB© {Xò. dmo ({X.10-13ŸOZdar,92. nmb}-_w§~B©) {dñV¥V{ddaU'' n¥.317-318]Ÿ
R>mHw$aOrHw§$ dht dmhr AdñWm_| N>mo‹S>Ho$ _pÝXaH$s Va\$ Xm¡‹S> JB©. Wmo‹S>r XoaHo$ ~mX
bm¡Q>Ho$ Ka AmB©. A~ {dMma H$amo {H$ `m Vahgy§ H$moB© godm H$ao Vmo dm_| AmZÝX
H$^r Am gHo$ Š`mŸ? `hm§ Vmo àËòH$ d¡îUdH$mo Ka ZÝXmb` ho. (27)nw{ï>_mJ© JwßV ho, {XImdmHo${bò Vmo ho hr Zht, ^ŠV Amoa ^JdmZ²
Ho$ AmÝV[aH$ gå~ÝY Ñ‹T> H$adoH$mo _mJ© ho... XmoZm|Ho$ g§~§Y Ego hmoZo M{hò {H$
Ÿ[lr_X²^mJdVVÎd__©km lr{J[aamOOrhdobr(~‹S>moXm)g§Mm{bH$m,
H$moB VrgaoHw§$ dmH$s OmZH$mar Z hmo nmò. AnZmo AnZo ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW Š`m
A_o[aH$m_| gmd©O{ZH$ _pÝXamW© ñd`§Ho$ goì` lrJmodY©ZZmWOrHo$ ñdê$n
gå~ÝY ho `mHw§$ Xygao H$moB ì`pŠVHw§$ OVmdoH$s Amdí`H$Vm hr Š`m hoŸ? àe§gm
nYam Ho$ dhm§ Zdnw{ï>MoVZmH$mo g§Mma H$adodmbr ny.nm.Jmo.gwlrBpÝXam
nmdoHw§$Ÿ? ñd`§H$s _hÎmm ~‹T>mdoHw§$Ÿ? ò Vmo g^r Hw$N> ~mYH$ h|.
~oQ>rOrŸ:Ÿ"d¡îUdn[adma' A§H$ OyZ 90]Ÿ.
21 22
[ ny . nm.Jmo . {M.lrÛmaHo $ ebmbOr
_hmo X ` `m_| àYmZVm VZwOm godmH$s h¡. Ho$db YZ Xo Xodogm| godm hmoV Zmht h¡. dmgm|
(lrdëb^mMm`© à mH$Q>çnrR> A_ao b r-H$m§ X rdbr-MånmaÊ`- Vmo ({MÎm_|)amOgr d¥{Îm hmoV h¡.
gyaV)Ÿ:Ÿ"nw{ï>ZdZrV' n¥.12Ÿ]. [ Ÿny . nm.Jmo . {M.lrÛmaHo $ ebmbOr _hmo X `, fï> o e , dS> m o X amŸ:
lr_X²^JdÒrVm nw{ï>Xe©Z, n¥.125]Ÿ
(28)àíZ : AmO Mb aho Omo {S>ñß`wQ²> h¢ dm_| {H$VZoH$ {gÕmÝV M{M©V
hmo aho h¢ O¡go {H$ Zò _pÝXa Zht ImobZo, Q´>ñQ> _pÝXa Zht ~ZmZo, R>mHw$aOrHo$ (31)AmO \o$[a dmo g_` Am`mo h¡. dmgm| hþ H${R>Z g_` Am`mo h¡. dm
Zm_no Ðì` Zht boZmo, R>mHw$aOrHo$ Xe©Z Zht H$amZo, VWm {~Zm g_Oo-gmoMo g_` Vmo AÝ`_mJu` bmoJ _VZ²H$m| àñVwV H$[aHo$ ^«_ CËnÝZ H$aV hVo. n[a
H$moB©Hw$ ~«÷gå~ÝY Zht XoZmo. BZ g~ {df`_| AmnH$mo A{^_V Š`m h¡Ÿ? AmO Vmo AnZo gåàXm`Ho$ hr "gwkOZ' lr_hmà^wOrH$s dmUrH$mo {dnarV AW©
CÎma : XoImo _pÝXaH$s Ohm§ VH$ pñW{V h¡ Vmo ò ~mV gË` h¡ Ho$ nw{ï>_mJu` H$[a aho h¢, bmoJZ²H$m| nW^«ï> H$[a aho h¢, X¡drOrdZ²Ho$ g“ Kmoa AÝ`m` H$[a aho
àH$magw§ _pÝXa Vmo _mÌ EH$ hr h¡; Amoa g~ KaH$s pñW{V hVr. ... AmO _pÝXa h¢. Vmgm| hr A^r _hmà^w lrdëb^mYreHo$ d§eO nw{ï>_mJu` `wdm AmMm`©Z²Zo
{OVZo h¢ AWdm {OZ ñWmZZ²Hw§$ AnZ _pÝXa g_Po h¢ dmo ñWmZ ... dmHw$ AnZ EH$ "g§dmXñWmnH$_ÊS>b'H$s ñWmnZm H$arHo$ _wå~B©_| ... Mma {Xdg n`©ÝV EH$
_`m©Xmnw{ï> _pÝXa H$h gHo$ h¢, nw{ï>_pÝXa Zht. nw{ï>H$mo àH$ma Vmo _mÌ J¥hgodm_| nw{ï>{gÕmÝV MMm©g^mH$mo Am`moOZ {H$`mo hVmo. ... g^m_| 35 _hmZw^md
hr h¡. AmMm`© CnpñWV hVo. 28 Jmoñdm_r AmMm`© _hmZw^mdZ²Zo Jmo.Ÿlrí`m_ _ZmohaOr
[ ny . nm.Jmo . lrd« O o e Hw $ _maOr V¥ V rò e "AmMm`© l rdëb^' _hmamlrHo$ "{gÕmÝVdMZmdbr'Ho$ ^mdmZwdmXHw§$ gh_{V XrZr hVr. {H$VZoH$
(ŸAm°JñQ>Ÿ1994, A§H$Ÿ5)Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©-dV©_mZ àíZ-CÎma 4, n¥.7]Ÿ. AmMm`© _hmZw^mdZ²Zo Agh_{V XrZr hVr Aé {H$VZoH$ _m¡Z aho hVo. Agh_{V
àH$Q> H$[adodmao ny.nm.Jmo.lrh[aamÒr d«O^yfUbmbOr _hmamOlr Om_ZJadmaoZZ² o
nyÁ` Jmoñdm_r lrí`m_ _ZmohaOr _hmamOlrHo$ g“ {dZZo H$ao ^mdmZwdmXHo$
(29)lr_hmà^wOr Amkm H$ao h¢ Ho$ Xw{Z`m_| ^Q>H$Vo ahoVo AnZo _Z-
_wX²XmZ²no MMm© àmaå^ H$sZr hVr. ... g_`Ho$ A^mdHo$ H$maU MMm© {ZU©`no
{MÎm(Hw§$) lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ g“ Omo{S>Ho$ {dZH$s VZ-{dÎmOm godm H$aZr. VZw{dÎmH$s
nhþ§M Z gH$s. naÝVw dV©_mZ(_|) {H$VZoH$ MMm©ñnX, g§e`mñnX _wX²XmZ²H$s
godm AWm©V² ñd`§ Cnm{O©V AnZo YZgm|, AnZo hr Ka_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s AnZo hr
ñnï>Vm `m MMm©_| àmßV ^`r Omo dñVwV: EH$ ~S>r {g{Õ h¡. BVZmo hr Zht naÝVw
earagm| godm H$aZr gmo.
ZrMo ~Vmò _wX²XmZ²Ho$ {díbofU_| nyÁ` lrí`m_ _ZmohaOrHo$ g“ gh_V hmo`Ho$
[ny.nm.Jmo.{M.lrdmJreHw$_maOr "dëb^r` MoVZm', Am°ŠQ>mo~aŸ15
nyÁ` lrh[aamÒrZo AnZo gåàXm`H$s CÎm_ godm H$sZr h¡Ÿ:
2003, n¥.4]
1. nw{ï>_mJu` goì`ñdê$n nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ ñdê$ngm| hr {~amOo h¢, do ñdê$n
nmN>| Mmho JwéHo$ goì` hmod| Ho$ {eî` (d¡îUd)Ho$ goì` hmod|. XmoC(ñdê$nZ²)_|V|
(30){MÎm ^JdËào__| n[anyU© hmoB Om`, nyU©V: ^JdmZ²_| b{J Om`, H$moC_| hþ nwéfmoÎm_nZm| Ý`yZm{YH$ hmoV Zmht.
VÝ_` Aé VëbrZ hmoB Om` h¡ V~ namgodm hmoV h¡. `mH$m| _mZgr godm H$ømo 2. nw{ï>_mJu` {gÕmÝV AZwgma H¥$îUgodm H$[adoH$mo ñWmZ J¥h hr hmoB gH$V
Om` h¡. `mHo$ g“ _Zwî`H$m| earagm| hþ godm H$aZr M{hò. ... VZwOm godmgm| h¡, gmd©O{ZH$ (ñWb) Zmht.
earaH$s ew{Õ hmoV h¡. AhÝVm-Ah§nZ|H$mo Zme hmoV h¡. YZgm| H$ar OmVr godm
3. nw{ï>_mJu` ^JdËgodmHw$ YZH$s àmpßVH$mo gmYZ ~ZmZmo Zht M{hò.
"{dÎmOm'godm h¡. dmgm| __Vm-_oamonoZ|H$mo Zme hmoV h¡. AhÝVm Aé __Vm EH$-
XygaoHo$ g“ OwS>o ^ò ahV h¢ Vmgm| VZwOm Aé {dÎmOm godm EH$g“ H$aZr M{hò. 4. XodbH$ ì`pŠV (Ÿ=Ÿ^JdËgoì`ñdê$nHw$ YZàmpßVH$mo gmYZ AWdm
AmOr{dH$mH$mo gmYZ ~Zm`dodmaoŸ) H$s godm {Z{fÕ H$jmH$s hmo`dogm| (dmo)
23 24
godmH$mo A{YH$mar Zmht h¡. nw{ï>{dYmZmZwH$« ‘{UH$m
5. lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ Vm§B H$mhþ àH$maHo$ XmZ-^|Q> _m§JZo AWdm ñdrH$maZo dmo
emóÛmam {Z{fÕ h¡. BVZmo hr Zmht n[a bm^-nyOmHo$ hoVwgm| AnZo {bò Ðì` H«$‘ J«ÝW n¥ð>
AWdm H$mhþ dñVwH$mo ñdrH$maZmo dmo emóH$s Ñ{ï>_| F$UmZw~ÝYr XmofH$m| CËnÝZ 1 ‘“bmMaU‘ 1
H$[adodmamo hmo`dogm| ~ÝYZH$mar h¡. 2 lrgdm}Îm‘ñVmoÌ‘² 17
6. nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ {gÕmÝVmZwgma lrR>mHw$aOrHw§$ {ZdoXZ H$ao nXmW©Z²H$mo hr g_n©U 3 lrdëb^mï>H$‘² 74
hmoB gH$V h¡ Aé g_{n©V nXmW©Z²H$mo hr ^JdX² CpÀN>ï>ê$n_| àgmX boB gH$V 4 lrñ’w$aËH¥$îUào‘m‘¥VñVmoÌ‘² 91
h¢. lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {bò XmZ AWdm ^|Q> Ho$ ê$n_| Am`r ^`r gm_J«rHw§$ àgmXHo$ 5 Zm‘aËZm»`ñVmoÌ‘² 112
ê$n_| br Zht Om gHo$ h¡ Š`m|Ho$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {bò XmZ AWdm ^|Q> Ho$ ê$n_| 6 lr`‘wZmï>H$‘² 139
àmßV ^ò nXmW© (Ðì`)gm| Am`r gm_J«rHw§$ àgmXHo$ ê$n_| nmN>r bodogm| 7 ~mb~moY: 158
"XÎmmnhma'H$mo nmn bmJV h¡. 8 {gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbr 178
7. godm Vmo emóH$mo {df` h¡. Vmgm| godmHo$ gå~ÝY_| emógm|-lr_hmà^wOrHo$ 9 nw{ï>àdmh‘`m©XmôX: 204
J«ÝWZ²gm| hr gd© {ZU©` hmoB gH$V h¡, AÝ` H$mhþ àH$magm| Zmht. 10 {gÕmÝVahñ`‘² 231
11 ZdaËZ‘² 244
[Ÿg§`wŠV KmofUmnÌŸ:ŸA_XmdmX, {_{V \$mëJwZ gwXr 7, lrdëb^mãX
12 AÝV:H$aUà~moY: 262
514, {XZm‘>Ÿ:Ÿ11 _mM© 1992. hñVmjaŸ:Ÿ{Z.br.Jmo.lrd«OamÒr
13 {ddoH$Y¡`m©l`: 276
_hmamO, ny . nm.Jmo . lrd« O o Ý ÐHw $ _maOr _hmamO (A_XmdmX);
14 H¥$îUml`ñVmoÌ‘² 298
ny . nm.Jmo . lrXo d H$sZÝXZmMm`© O r, MVw W } e (Jmo H w $ b-A_XmdmX),
15 MVw:íbmoH$s 312
ny.nm.Jmo.lrd«OoeHw$_maOr _hmamO, ny.Zm.JmolramOoeHw$_maOr _hmamO,
16 ^pŠVd{Y©Zr 317
ny . nm.Jmo . lrdëb^bmbOr _hmamO (H$S>r-A_XmdmX);
17 ObôX: 329
ny.nm.JmolrO`XodbmbOr _hmamO, ny.nm.Jmolr_WwaoeOr _hmamO,
18 nÄMnÚm{Z 352
ny.nm.Jmo.lrH$Ýh¡`mbmbOr _hmamO, ny.nm.Jmolrh[aamÒr (H$m_m-
19 gÝÝ`mg{ZU©`: 360
dra_Jm_-A_XmdmX)]Ÿ
20 {ZamoYbjU‘² 387
21 godm’$b‘² 411
22 nÄMíbmoH$s 426
23 gmYZàH$aU‘² 448
24 {ejmíbmoH$s 506
25 gmYZXr{nH$m 541
26 {ÛVr`m MVw:íbmoH$s 604
27 nmXmZwH«$‘{UH$m 607
25 26
&& ‘“bmMaU‘² &&
(1) `XZwJ«hVmo={OZH$s H¥$nmgm| lr‘X²dëb^ZÝXZ‘²=lr‘hmà^wOrHo$ nwÌ
OÝVw:=OrdZ²Ho$ lrJmonrZmWOrH$m|
{MÝVm-gÝVmZ-hÝVmamo `ËnmXmå~w O -ao U d:& gd©Xw:Im{VJmo=gd© Xw:IZ²H$m|- Ah§=‘|
ñdr`mZm§ VmZ² {ZOmMm`m© Z ² àU‘m{‘ ‘w h þ ‘ w © h þ : &&1&& nma H$adodmao , ^doV²=hmo` h| gd©Xm=gXm
V§={dZ² dÝXo=dÝXZ H$aV hm|
AÝd`mW© :
`ËnmXmå~wOaoUd:={OZHo$MaUH$‘bH$snamJ VmZ²={VZH$m| ^mdmW© : OÝ‘ bo`Ho$ gm§gm[aH$ Xw:IZ²Ho$ gmJa‘| Sy>~do Om` aømo Ord {OZHo$
AZwJ«hV| gd© Xw:IZ²V| ~{M OmV ho Ego lr‘X²dëb^mMm`© ‘hmà^wHo$ AmË‘OH$m|
ñdr`mZm§={ZO-OZZ²H$s {ZOmMm`m©Z²={ZOmMm`©MaUH$m|
‘¢ gd©Xm dÝXZ H$aV hm|&&2&&
{MÝVmgÝVmZhÝVma:={MÝVmH$s gÝV{VH$mo ‘whþ:-‘whþ:=nwZ…-nwZ…
Zme H$[adodmar ho àU‘m{‘=àUm‘ H$aV hm|
Q>rH$m : ò íbmoH$ lr{dQ²>R>bZmW à^wMaUZo AnZo Áòð> ~ÝYw lrJmonrZmW
à^wMaUH$m| dÝXZ H$[adoH$m| {b»`mo ho, naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ nw{ï>OrdZ²H$m| XmoZm|
^mdmW© : nw{ï>‘mJu` OrdZ²H$s ^JdX²^pŠV qH$dm ^JdËàn{Îm gå~ÝYr EH$ ~ÝYyZ²‘| AôX^md ampIHo$ lrJmonrZmWOr VWm lr{dQ²>R>bZmWOr Ego XmoÝ`moZ²H$mo
{MÝVm‘|Vo àH$Q> hmo`dodmar Xygar {MÝVm `m| {MÝVmZ²H$s gÝVVrH$m| {OZHo$ ñ‘aU H$[aHo$ dÝXZ H$aZm|&&2&&
MaUH$‘bZ²Ho$ aoUw=namJ h[adodmao h| Ego nw{ï>‘mJm©Mm`© lr‘hmà^yZ²H$m| ‘¢ ~ma§~ma
àUm‘ H$aV hm|&&1&&
AkmZ-{V{‘amÝYñ` kmZmÄOZ-ebmH$`m&
Mjw é Ý‘r{bV§ ò Z Vñ‘¡ lrJw a do Z‘:&&3&&
Q>rH$m : AnZmo nw{ï>‘mJ© H$Nw> {dídY‘© Vmo ho Zmqh Š`m| Omo nw{ï>Ord h| {VZH$mohr
Y‘© ho. Vmgm| nw{ï>OrdZ²H$shr ^pŠV-àn{Îmgå~ÝYr {MÝVmZ²H$m| lr‘hmà^w {ZdmaV
h|. Vmgm| ‘“JbmMaU‘| {ZOmMm`© AWm©V² nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$ H$mO ^yVbno AmMm`©ê$n òZ={OZHo$ Ûmam kmZmÄOZebmH$`m=kmZê${n
Y[aHo$ àH$Q> ^ò ^JdÝ‘wIma{dÝXê$n lr‘hmà^yZ²H$s dÝXZê$n eaUmJ{V H$aV AkmZ{V{‘amÝYñ`=AkmZê$nr AÄOZebmH$mgm| ,CÝ‘r{bV§=Imobr ho
h|. gmo H$mhoVo Omo VmHo$ {~Zm nw{ï>à^yZ²H$s nw{ï>^pŠV H$[adoH$m| nw{ï>Ord {ZpíMÝV AÝYH$magy§ AÝY^òH$s Vñ‘¡={dZ
hmo` gH$V Zmqh. VmV| ‘“bmMaUÛmam AmMm`©eaUmJ{V àW‘monm` ho gmo (‘‘=‘oar)Mjw:=Am§IH$m| lrJwado=JwéH$m| ,Z‘:=Z‘Z hmoC
lr{dQ²>R>bZmW à^wMaU g‘PmdV h|&&1&&
^mdmW© : {OZZo AkmZê$nr AÝYH$maV| Am§Yao ^ò ‘oao OogoZ²H$s Am§IZ²H$m|
`XZw J « h Vmo OÝVw : gd© X w : Im-{VJmo ^do V ² & & kmZmÄOZH$s CnXoe-ebmH$mV| CKm[a Xr{Z ho {dZ Jwê$Z²H$m| ‘oao Z‘ñH$ma&&3&&
V‘h§ gd© X m dÝXo lr‘X² d ëb^-ZÝXZ‘² & &2&&
_“bmMaU_² _“bmMaU_²
1 2
Q>rH$m : `m nw{ï>gåàXm`‘| {ZpIb nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$ AmÚJwé ‘ybmMm`© {nVmnwÌZ²H$m| MVw{^©:=Mmagm| (AÜ`m`¡:=AÜ`m`Z²gm|)
Z‘Z H$[aHo$ VÎmX² nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$ Omo nw{ï>‘mJm}nXoï>m Jwé hm|` {VZHo$ ñdê$nH$mo M=Amoa(nÄM‘mX² Amaä` gßV-gßVmÜ`m`mË‘H¡$:=nm§Mdogy§ bo`Ho$ gmV-gmV
öX`‘| Ü`mZ Y[adoH$m| VWm {VZH$m| dÝXZ H$[adoH$m| ò íbmoH$ ho. AÜ`m`mË‘H$-)
MVw{^©:=Mmagm|(Vm‘g-à‘mU-à‘o`-gmYZ-’$b-ê$nàH$aU¡:= Vm‘g-à‘mU-
nw{ï>‘mJm}nXoï>m JwéH$s ’$b‘wI`mo½`VmH$mo bjU ho: ""lrH¥$îUH$s godm‘| à‘o`-gmYZ-’$bê$n àH$aUZ²gm|)
VËna hmoZmo, Xå^m{Xa{hV hmoZmo; Aé lr^mJdVHo$ ^pŠV‘mJu` Jy‹T> ahñ`Z²H$mo M=Amoa(fQ²>qÌemÜ`m`mX² Amaä` gßV-gßVmÜ`m`mË‘H¡$:=36d| AÜ`m`gy§ bo`Ho$
kmVm hmoZmo'' Ego lr‘hmà^wZZ² o gd©{ZU©`{Z~ÝY‘| g‘Pm`mo ho. nw{ï>‘mJm}nXoemÝVJ©V gmV-gmV AÜ`m`mË‘H$gm|-)
Aï>mja‘ÝÌ Aé JÚ‘ÝÌ-nÄMmja‘ÝÌH$s XrjmXmZHo$ A{YH$maH$mo ñdê$nbjU• MVw{^©:=Mmagm|(amOg-à‘mU-à‘o`-gmYZ-’$b-ê$nàH$aU¡:=amOg à‘mU-
""^w{d ^pŠVàMma¡H$H¥$Vo ñdmÝd`H¥$V²'' Zm‘V| lrà^wMaUZo lr‘X²dëb^d§eOZ²‘| à‘o`-gmYZ-’$bê$n àH$aUZ²gm|)
‘mÝ` Aé ñWm{nV {H$`mo ho. VmV| {ddm{hV qH$dm A{ddm{hV nwÌr, Xm¡{hÌ,
M=Amoa(MVw:f{ð>V‘mÜ`m`mX² Amaä` gßV-gßVmÜ`m`mË‘H¡$:=64d| AÜ`m`gy§
emór Aé n.^. ~mnm ‘mOr Am{XZ²‘| ñdê$nbjUHo$ A{YH$maH$mo am{hË`
bo`Ho$ gmV-gmV AÜ`m`mË‘H$gm|-)
OmZZm|. lr‘X²dëb^d§eO nwÌZ²‘|hþ ’$b‘wI`mo½`VmHo$ bjUgm| d¡narË` Ñ{ï>JV
hmodo V~ Vmo lr‘hmà^yZ²‘|hr Jwé~w{Õ amIZr&&3&& {Ì{^:=VrZgm|(gmpÎdH$-à‘o`-gmYZ-’$bê$nàH$aU¡:=gmpËdH$-à‘o`-’$bê$n
àH$aUZ²gm|)
Z‘m{‘ öXò eo f o brbm-jrampãY-em{`Z‘² & VWm=Amoa(nÄMmer{VV‘mÜ`m`mX² Amaä` AmñH$ÝYg‘mpßV:=85gy§ bo`Ho$
ñH$ÝYH$s g‘mpßV n`©ÝV)
bú‘r-ghò-brbm{^: go ì `‘mZ§ H$bm{Z{Y‘² & &4&&
fS²>{^:=N>ogm| (AÜ`m`¡:=AÜ`m`Z²gm|)
MVw { ^© í M MVw { ^© í M MVw { ^© í M {Ì{^ñVWm&
Agm¡=ò
fS² > {â² {damOVo `mo @ gm¡ nÄMYm öXò ‘‘&&5&&
nÄMYm=nm§M àH$magm|
‘‘=‘oao
eofo=eof‘|
öXò=öX`‘|
öXò=öX`‘|
{damOVo={~amOo h|(V§ Z‘m{‘={dZHw$§ Z‘Z H$é§ hþ§)
bú‘rghòbrbm{^:=hOmaZ² bú‘r Amoa brbmZ²gy§
goì`‘mZ§=go{dV hmoVo
^mdmW© : eofeæ`mno Aé öX`‘|; AWdm eofê$n öX`‘|, bú‘rH$s An[aJ{UV
brbmjrampãYem{`Z§=brbmê$nr jragmJa‘| e`Z H$aVo
brbmZ²gm| goì`‘mZ; AWdm ghòmd{Y bú‘rê$n nw{ï>^ŠVZ²Ho$ Ûmam H$ar OmVr
H$bm{ZqY=H$bmHo$ {Z{YH$m| brbmZ²gm| goì`‘mZ, brbm‘| Aé jrampãY‘| {~amO‘mZ; AWdm brbmê$n
Z‘m{‘=Z‘Z H$aV hm| jrampãY‘| {~amO‘mZ, Mm|gR> H$bmZ²Ho$ {Z{Y Ego Xe‘ñH$ÝYmoŠV-brbm{dhmar
`:=Omo(lr‘X²^mJdV²-Xe‘ñH$ÝYmÝVJ©VmÚ¡:=lr‘X²^mJdVHo$ Xe‘ñH$ÝYHo$ à^yZ²H$m| Z‘Z H$aV hþ§. Vhm§ Xe‘ñH$ÝYHo$ Amaå^Ho$ Mma AÜ`m`Z²H$m| àW‘
AÝVJ©VOmo-) "OÝ‘àH$aU' H$ømo OmV ho. nm§Md| AÜ`m`V| àmaå^ H$[aHo$ n|Vrgd| AÜ`m`VH$
3 4
{ÛVr`àH$aU‘| Vm‘gà‘mU, Vm‘gà‘o`, Vm‘ggmYZ VWm Vm‘g’$b Ho$ Mma ^mdmW© :
Cn-àH$aU h|. N>Îmrgd| AÜ`m`V| àmaå^ H$[aHo$ {VagR>d| AÜ`m`VH$ V¥Vr` 1.ŸlrJmodY©ZZmWOr 2.ŸlrZdZrV{àÒr 3.Ÿlr_WwamYreOr
àH$aU‘| amOgà‘mU, amOgà‘o`, amOggmYZ VWm amOg’$b Ho$ Mma CnàH$aU 4.Ÿlr{dQ²>R>bZmWOr 5.ŸlrÛmaH$mYreOr 6.ŸlrJmoHw$bZmWOr
h|. Mm|gR>d| AÜ`m`V| Mmoamgrd| AÜ`m` VH$ MVwW©àH$aU‘| gmpÎdH$à‘o`,
7.ŸlrJmoHw$bMÝÐ_mOr 8.Ÿlr_XZ_mohZOr 9.ŸlrZQ>dabmbOr
gmpÎdH$gmYZ Aé gmpÎdH$’$b Ho$ VrZ CnàH$aU h|. {nÀMmgrd| AÜ`m`V|
Zã~o AÜ`m`VH$ nÄM‘ JwUàH$aU ho. Ego nm§M àH$aUZ²‘| d{U©V brbmZ²H$m| 10.Ÿlr~mbH¥$îUbmbOr
H$[adodmao à^w ‘oao öX`‘| {~amOV h|, {VZH$m| ‘¢ Z‘Z H$aV hþ§&&4-5&& -BVZo ñdê$nZ²Z| à^wMaU lrJwgm§B©OrHo$ Ka_| EH$ gmW {~am{OHo$ gmVm|
~mbH$Ÿ-Ÿ~oQ>rOrŸ-Ÿ~hþOrZ²Ho$ g_oV lrà^wMaUZ²H$m| Abm¡{H$H$ godmgwI {X`mo
hVmo gmo _¢hþ§ _w{XV hmo` {ZË` BZ ñdê$nZ²H$m| Ü`mZmË_H$ ÔZ H$aV hþ§Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
lrJmo d Y© Z ZmW-nmX-`w J b§ h¡ ` “drZ-{à`§
{ZË`§ lr‘Ww a m{Yn§ gw I H$a§ lr{dQ² > R>bo e § ‘w X m&
Q>rH$m : BZ ñdê$nZ²H$mo dU©Z H«$_V| {H$`mo hmo`doV| H$moCŸ-ŸH$moC AkmZr Ord
lr‘X² Û madVre-Jmo H w $ bn{V-lrJmo H w $ bo Ý Xw § {d^w §
ñdê$nZ²_|hþ VmaVå` ~VmdV h|. VmH$m| AkmZ_mÌ g_PZmo. gmo H$mhoVo Omo
lr‘Ý‘Ý‘W-‘mo h Z§ ZQ>da§ lr~mbH¥ $ îU§ Ôo & &6&& lrJwgm§B©OrHo$ dMZm_¥V h| ""Omo ñdê$n_| N>moQ>moŸ-Ÿ~‹S>mo H$hmŸ?'' (ŸÐ.:
lrdëbÔrŸ-ŸdMZm. 20Ÿ) VmV| lr_hmà^yZH² $o goì` (Ÿ1Ÿ-Ÿ8Ÿ) VWm lrà^wMaUZ²H$o
1
lrJmodY©ZZmWnmX`wJb‘²=àW‘ {Z{Y lrJmodY©ZZmWOrHo$ XmoZm| MaUH$‘bZ²H$m| go ì ` (Ÿ9Ÿ-Ÿ10Ÿ) ^JdËñdê$nZ² _ | bm¡ { H$H$ ~w { Õ H$[aHo $ VmaVå` Z
2
h¡`“drZ{à`‘²=VmOmo ‘mIZ {OZH$m| {à` ho Ego lrZdZrV{àÒr {ÛVr` {Z{YH$m| OmZZmo(ŸÐŸ:ŸlrdëbÔrŸ-ŸdMZm.Ÿ20Ÿ).
3
lr‘Wwam{Yn‘²=Vrgao {Z{Y lr‘WwamYreH$m|
4
lr{dQ²>R>boe‘²=MmoWo {Z{Y lr{dQ²>R>bZmWOrH$m| Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ VWm lrà^wMaUZ²Ho$ AÝ`hþ AZoH$
5
lr‘X²ÛmadVre(‘²)=nm§Md| {Z{Y lrÛmaH$mYreOrH$m| {Z{Yñdê$n {~amOV h| {VZH$mo Zm_moëboI Z H$[aHo$ Ho$db BVZo hr ñdê$nZ²H$mo
6 Zm_moëboI {H$`mo VmH$mo H$maU H$hmŸ? Vhm§ `h g_mYmZ ho Omo AÝ`hþ lr_hmà^yZH² $o
JmoHw$bn{V(‘²)=N>R>o {Z{Y lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$m|
7
VWm lrà^wMaUZ²Ho$ {Z{Yñdê$nZ²_| Ý`yZVm~w{Õ Z bmdZr. gmo H$mhoV| Omo AÝ`
lrJmoHw$boÝXw‘²=gmVd| {Z{Y lrJmoHw$bMÝÐ‘mOrH$m| ñdê$nZ²_| nw{ï>néw fmoÎm_Vm AWdm nyUn© éw fmoÎm_Vm H$mo AÝVa `{X hmo` Vmo _hm~mYH$
8
lr‘Ý‘Ý‘W‘mohZ‘²=AmR>d| {Z{Y lr‘XZ‘mohZOrH$m| AÝ`ml`H$mo AnamY n‹S>o. Aé g^r goì`ñdê$nZ²_| nw{ï>nwéfmoÎm_Vm BH$gma
9
ZQ>da‘²=Zd‘| {Z{Y lrZQ>daOrH$m| hmo`dono H$mhþ ñdê$nH$s godm gmV ~mbH$Z²Ho$ d§e_o Ny>Q>^¡`m H$aV hm|` AWdm
10
lr~mbH¥$îU‘²=Xgd| {Z{Y lr~mbH¥$îUOrH$m| H$moB© d¡îUd H$aV hm|` VmV| ñdê$nHo$ _mhmËå`_| H$Nw> AÝVa n‹S>V Zmqh.
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n[a d¡îUdZ²Ho$ _mWo {~amOVo goì`ñdê$n_| nwéfmoÎm_ ^md Z hmo`doV| AWdm ñdê$n(Ÿ{~^«X²=YmaUH$[adodmaoŸ) {~^«X²Ÿ=ŸYmaU H$[adodmao
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7 8
H${U©H$ma§Ÿ=ŸH$ZoaHo$ \y$bZ²Hw§$ (Ÿ{~^«X²Ÿ) doUmo:Ÿ=ŸdoUwH$m| gmo H$mhoVoŸ?ŸOmo ^ŠVZ²H$m| gwIXmZmW© Vmo à^w ~mø dnw YmaU H$[aHo$ àH$Q>
H$ZH$H${ne§Ÿ=ŸgwdU© a§JHo$ aÝY«mZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{N>ÐZ²H$m| hmoVŸh|.
dmg:Ÿ=ŸdóHw§$ (Ÿ{~^«X²Ÿ)MŸ=ŸAmoa nya`Z²Ÿ=Ÿny[aV H$aVo^òÛmam
Jmond¥ÝX¡:Ÿ=Ÿ½dmbZ²Ho$ g_yhHo$ ñdnXa_U§Ÿ=ŸAnZo MaUZ²V| H$U©Z²n| YmaU {H$ò H$ZoaHo$ nwînZ²Ho$ e¥“maH$m|hþ agH$mo C×moYH$ OmZZmo.
JrVH$s{V©:Ÿ=Ÿ{OZH$s H$s{V©H$mo JmZ- d¥ÝXmaÊ`§Ÿ=Ÿd¥ÝXmdZ_| e¥“maag Oog| g§`moJ-{dà`moJHo$ ôXV| {Û{dY hmoV ho Vog|B© à^yZ²Ho$ Xmo` H$U© h|.
Vmgm| g§`moJH$s Zm§B© {dà`moJ_|hþ§ ^ŠVHo$ ^mdmoX²Jma à^w gw{Z gH$V h|.
a_Ur` ~ZmdVo {H$`moOm` ho Ego àm{deX²Ÿ=Ÿàdoe {H$`mo
ag Vmo JwßV hmo`do nohr agê$n hmoV ho AÝ`Wm agm^mg. VmV| à^wZo AnZo
^mdmW©Ÿ:Ÿlr_ñVH$no _`wa{nÀN>H$mo ñV~H$ YmaU H$[aHo$, ZQ>H$mo Amoa daH$mo gmo
agmË_H$ dnwHw$ JwßV am{IdoH$m| nrVmå~a YmaU {H$`mo ho. nrVmå~ahþ \o$[a H$ZH$
dnw YmaU H$[aHo$, H$U©Z²n| H$ZoaHo$ nwînZ²H$m| YmaU H$[aHo$, H$ZH$ dU©Ho$ dó
Oogr ì`m_mo{hH$m _m`mHo$ AmdaUH$s Zm§B© hmoV ho.
YmaU H$[aHo$ Aé d¡O`ÝVr dZ_mbm YmaU H$[aHo$, AnZo AYaZ²_| {~amO_mZ
gwYmV| doUwHo$ aÝY«Z²H$m| nyaVŸ-ŸnyaV g§JŸ-ŸgmWr Jmon~mbH$ {OZH$s H$s{V©H$mo JmZ
H$aV h| Ego à^w AnZo ^pŠVê$n MaUH$_bZ²V| d¥ÝXmdZH$m| a_Ur` ~ZmdV Vhm§ \o$[a H$s{V©_`r dZ_mbm AWm©V² d¡O`ÝVr_mbmhþ Amn YmaU {H$ò h|.
d¥ÝXmdZ_| à{dï> ^òŸ&&8Ÿ&&
^JdmZ²Ho$ bmo^mË_H$ AYaZ²no pñWV hmo`doV| ò AYagwYm gdm©^mo½`m ho.
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dU©Z `m íbmoH$_| ho. `m_| d{U©V à^wHo$ ê$n, JwU VWm brbm d«OñW ^ŠVZ²H$m| H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ ò OmZZmo Omo Oogo doUwdmXZÛmam ^JdËñdê$nmZÝXHo$ Cn^moJmo{MV
Abm¡{H$H$ àH$magm| Ñ{ï>-lw{VJmoMa ^ò. gmo Ho$go Omo ~«÷{dÚmê$n doUwZmX Ûmam ^moŠV¥^md ^JdmZ²Zo d«O^ŠVZ²_| àH$Q> H$sZmo gmo AÝ`Wm gå^d Zmqh. Vmgm|
öX`_| ñ\w$[aV ^ò. Vmgm| lwËòH$g_{YJå` ~«÷H$mo lm¡V ñdê$n Oog| lw{VdMZVo AmË_a_U¡H$ñd^mddmao ^JdmZ² OmHo$ H$mO AmË_^mo½`Vm àH$Q> H$aV h| Vm_|
öX`“V hmoV ho Vog| d¥ÝXmdZpñWV ^JdmZ²Ho$ _Ywa ê$n-JwU-brbmH$mo gmjmËH$ma ñdê$nmZÝX^moŠV¥VmH$mo ^md àH$Q> hmoV ho. Vmgm| ^JdËH¥$V doUwZmXHo$ ñda
doUwZmXV| d«OñW ^ŠVZ²Ho$ öX` Aé BpÝÐ`Z² _| ^`moŸgmo `m_| d{U©V ho. Vmgm| H$U©Ûmam öX`_| à{dï> hmo`Ho$ ^JdËñdê$nmZÝXH$s ^moŠV¥VmH$mo ^md àH$Q> H$aV
`m dU©ZHw$ {Xì` à_o`H$mo {Zê$nU g_PZmo. h|. {df`mZÝXHo$ ^moŠVm AWdm _mojmZÝXHo$ ^moŠVm H$mo ^moŠV¥Ëd ^JdËñdê$nmZÝXHo$
^moŠV¥ËdHo$ AmJo Vmo A{V VwÀN> Aé A{V jwÐ H$[a OmZZm|. ^JdËñdê$nmZÝXH$mo
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Oogmo ~ZmdV ho, Vog| à^wZ²Zohþ AnZo lr_ñVH$no _`wanwÀN>ñV~H$Hw$ YmaU {H$`mo
Cn^moJmo{MV ^moŠV¥^mdH$mo XmZ {H$`mo.
ho. Vmgm| ^JdmZ²H$mohþ `h ñdê$n C×wÕ agmË_H$ ho Ego OmZZmo.
^JdmZ²Ho$ MaUma{dÝX ^pŠVê$n hmo`doV| gd©àW_ MaU qH$dm ^pŠV H$s

Hw$eb ZQ> Oogo e¥“maagH$mo ZmQ>Z H$aV ho Aé da (Ÿn{VŸ) Oogo àË`J«
ñWmnZmV| d¥ÝXmaÊ` qH$dm d¥ÝXmd¥ÝX H$m| ^JdËñdê$nmZÝX_| {ZéÕ hmo`doH$mo
^moJ H$aV ho Vog| ^JdmZ²Ho$hþ C^`{dY ê$n h|. kmZrZ²H$m| AnZo AÝVa_| Oog|
A{YH$ma àXmZ ^`mo Om{Zò. gmo H$mhoVo Omo {ZéÕ (ŸànÄM{dñ_¥{Vnyd©H$
na_mË_mZw^y{V hmoV ho Vog| BZ C^`{dY ê$nZ²H$s AZw^y{V hmoV ho Ego Z OmZZmo.
9 10
^JdËñdê$nmgŠVŸ) Ordhr ^JdËñdê$nmZÝXHo$ ñdÀN>ÝX Cn^moJmW© ^moŠV¥^mddmao ñdm{_Zrê$n_|hþ ^JdËñdê$nmZÝXHo$ Cn^moJ H$[adoHo$ ^mddmamo EH$ Jy‹T>
hmoV h|. Ego ^ŠVZ²Ho$ AmYrZ hmo`H|$ ^JdmZ² AnZo ^rVa Jy‹T>^mdV`m AdpñWV ^moŠV¥^mdmË_H$ gm¡ÝX`©hþ ho. gmo ò ^JdmZ²_| aømo Jy‹T> ^mo½`^mdmË_H$ gm¡ÝX`©
^mo½`^md àH$Q> H$aV h|. Vmgm| `m íbmoH$_| à_o`ê$n ^JdmZ²H$mo na_H$mð>mnÝZ Aé ñdm{_Zr_| aømo Jy‹T> ^moŠV¥^mdmË_H$ gm¡ÝX`© AmË`pÝVH$ agmoX²~moYZH$s
dU©Z `hm§ ^`mo Om{ZòŸ&&8Ÿ&& AdñWm_| H$~hþH$ àH$Q> (ŸCÀN>{bVŸ) ôdo OmV ho. AÝ`Wm Jy‹T> hr ahV ho. gmo
C^`Ì pñWV Jy‹T> gm¡ÝX`© H$~hþH$ CÀN>{bV ôdo Ho$ AnZr Egr agmpË_H$m
gm¡ Ý X`ª {ZOöX² J V§ àH${Q>V§ órJy T >^mdmË_H§ $ brbmHo$ n[aH$a Ego gmjr^yV ñdê$nH$mo nmÌV`m Adbå~Z H$aV ho. gmo `m
agbrbm_| CÀN>{bV Jy‹T> ^mdmË_H$, ^JdËgm¡ÝX`© VWm ñdm{_Zrgm¡ÝX`© Ho$
nw § w ê $nÄM nw Z ñVXÝVJ© V § àmdr{deV² ñd{àò Ÿ &
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(Ÿ1Ÿ) Jy‹T> ór(Ÿ^mo½`Ÿ)^md
ê$n§ VV² {ÌV`mË_H§ $ na_{^Üò ` § gXm dëb^_² Ÿ &&9Ÿ&&
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órJyT>^mdmË_H§$Ÿ=ŸJyT> ór ^mdmË_H$ MŸ=ŸAé, ñd{àòŸ=ŸAnZo {à`_|
àH${Q>V§Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> àmdr{deX²Ÿ=Ÿà{dï> H$am`mo(ŸB{VŸ) Q>rH$m : ""~hm©nrS>§ ZQ>dadnw:...'' íbmoH$_| ^JdmZ²H$mo Oogmo à_o`ê$n {Zê${nV
gm¡ÝX`ªŸ=Ÿgm¡ÝX`©, nwZ:Ÿ=Ÿ\o$[a C^`m¡Ÿ=ŸXmoZm|Z²H$mo {H$`mo VmHo$ à_mUê$n (Ÿgm{jê$nŸ) ñd`_od _hmà^w lr_X²dëb^mMm`©MaU h|.
VX²Ÿ=ŸdmoŸ-Ÿ(Ÿñdm{_ZrŸ) g§píbï>mŸ¡ =Ÿg§`moJ ^òg§y gmo `m íbmoH$_| _hmà^wHo$ Ego ñdê$nH$mo dU©Z lrJmonrZmWà^wMaUZo {H$`mo ho.
AÝVJ©V§Ÿ=ŸAÝXa aømo^`mo (ŸgÝVm¡ nwZ:Ÿ) gmo H$mhoV| Omo à_mUHo$ {~Zm à_o` {gÕ hmoV Zmqh. Vog| _hmà^w `{X àH$Q> Z
ag_`:Ÿ=ŸagmË_H VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo hmodVo Vmo nw{ï>^pŠV^mdH$mo Adbå~Z ~{Zdodmao lrH¥$îUH$mo Egmo Jy‹T> gm¡ÝX`©hþ
nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$ H$mO àH$Q> Z hmoVmo.
H¥$îU:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU$ {ÌV`mË_H§$ = VrZm| ê$ndmamo
~^m¡Ÿ=Ÿemo^m`_mZ ^ò (Ÿ^yËdmŸ=Ÿhmo`Ho$Ÿ)
H$Nw>H$ nmI§S>r Ord `m íbmoH$_| d{U©V _hmà^wH$s {ÌV`mË_H$VmHo$
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(ŸVñ_mV² H$maUmV²=Om H$maUgy§Ÿ) na_²Ÿ=ŸAmN>r^m§{Vgm| àH$Q> H$[a XoV h|Ÿ:ŸOmo lrH¥$îUH$mo _ybê$n Vmo EH$mË_H$ ho Aé {ÌV`mË_H$
`X²Ÿ=ŸOmo, ê$n§Ÿ=Ÿê$n A{^Üò`§Ÿ=ŸÜ`mZ H$aZm| hmo`doV| ÔZmW© CËH¥$ï>Va ñdê$n Vmo lr_hmà^wZ²H$mo ho. gmo Ego lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$
gm{jH§$Ÿ=Ÿgmjr(ŸAmgrV²Ÿ=ŸhVmoŸ) (ŸàH${Q>V_² A^dV²=àH$Q> ^`moŸ) àÀN>ÝZ Ûofr OZZ²Ho$ nmIÊS>H$mo IÊS>Z `mhr íbmoH$V| ôdo OmV ho Omo {ÌV`mË_H$
ê$n Vmo Ho$db Ü`mZ H$[adoHo$ H$mO ho godmHo$ H$mO ZmqhŸ!
^mdmW© : gd©ag^moŠVm lrH¥$îUHo$ ^rVa AnZo ñdê$nmZÝXHo$ XmZmW© EH$ Jy‹T>
^mo½`^mdmË_H$ gm¡ÝX`©hþ hoŸ- Vog|B© AnZo ñdê$nmZÝXHo$ Cn^moJmW© àH$Q> {H$ò bmoH$_| Oogo H$moC H$Nw>H$ Y_m©MaU qH$dm AY_m©MaU H$aV hmo` Vhm§ Omo
11 12
gmjr ~{Z R>m‹S>mo aho VmH$m|hþ Y_© AWdm AY_© H$mo H$Nw> \$bboe hmoV ho. n[a Vm_| A{dbå~ lrH¥$îUào_hþ àH$Q> ôdo OmV ho. gmo dmohþ Ord Jmonrn{V lrH¥$îUH$m|
_w»` \$b Vmo Y_©H$Vm© AWdm AY_©H$Vm© H$m|{h {_bV ho. n[a dmHo$ Y_m©MaU dëb^g_ bmJV ho. `mhr à`moOZV| Vmo AmnZo AnZr dmUr Aé d§eOhþ àH$Q>
qH$dm AY_m©MaU H$mo Omo gmjr ~ZV ho gmo à_mU Vmo _mÝ`mo OmV ho. VogoB© {H$ò Omo nw{ï>Ord nw{ï>à^wHo$ ñdê$nmZÝXHo$ AZw^d_| godm-H$WmH$s àUmbrgm|
ñdm{_ZrOr_| àH$Q>Ÿ-Ÿ^mo½`^md Aé JyT>Ÿ-Ÿ^moŠV¥^md A§er^yV ho VmHo$ A§e^yV Am{jßV{MÎm hmo`Ho$ AÝ` g~ H$Nw>H$m| {dñ_¥V H$[a Xod|. Vmgm| Omo Ord AmnHo$
àH$Q>Ÿ-Ÿ^mo½`^md Aé Jy‹T>Ÿ-Ÿ^moŠV¥^md g~{h nw{ï>OrdZ²H$m| à^wZo àXmZ {H$ò h|. CnXoemZwgma nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©no MbV Zmqh VmH$m| lr_hmà^whþ {~gmar XoV h|, `h
VmH$m| à_m{UV H$[adoHo$ H$mO brbmn[aH$a_| gmjr^yV à_mUñdê$nH$m| à^yZ²Zo Ñ‹T> H$[a OmZZm|. `m_| ZmXg¥{ï> AWdm {~ÝXwg¥{ï> H$mo H$Nw> ôX^md Zmqh hoŸ&&9Ÿ&&
^yVbno nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ AmMm`© ~Zm`Ho$ àH$Q> {H$ò h|. gmo àH$Q> hmo`Ho$
AmnZohþ àH$Q>_| ^moŠV¥^mdmË_H$ n[a Jy‹T>V`m ^mo½`^mdmË_H$ lrH¥$îUHo$ lrdëb^-à{V{ZqY Vo O mo - amet X`mU© d _² Ÿ &
ñdê$nmZÝXH$mo XmZ H$[adodmao nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©H$mo CnXoe {H$`mo.
Jw U mVrV§ Jw U {ZqY lrJmo n rZmW_² Amlò Ÿ &&10Ÿ&&
V~ lrH¥$îUH$s nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ AmnHo$ CnXoegm| Ûof H$[adodmaoZ²H$s Amoa H$Nw>

VoOmoametŸ=ŸVoOHo$ ^§S>ma lrdëb^à{V{ZqYŸ=Ÿlrd„^Ho$ à{V{Z{Y
Vmo Mbr Zmqh. V~ lrH¥$îUÔZVo nw{ï>OrdH$mo {d_wI H$[ado lr_hmà^yZ²H$s
{ÌV`mË_H$VmH$s ~mVH$mo CbQ>mo AW©KQ>Z H$[a {ÌV`mË_H$ ê$n YmaU H$[adodmao X`mU©d§Ÿ=ŸX`mHo$ gmJa lrJmonrZmW_²Ÿ=ŸlJmonrZmWOrH$m|
lr_hmà^yZ²H$s godm H$aZr, _ybñdê$n lrH¥$îUH$s godm Zmqh H$aZr••ŸEgo JwUmVrV§Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²gm| AVrV (ŸAh§Ÿ=Ÿ_|Ÿ)
nmIÊS>H$mo àMma H$[a XoV h|. gmo Vmo ê$nXe©ZmW© {dYmVmZo ZoÌ {Xò gmo {VZ JwU{ZqYŸ=ŸJwUZ²Ho$ {Z{Y AmlòŸ=ŸAml` H$é§ hþ§
ZoÌZ²gm| ê$nXe©Z Z H$[aHo$ Xn©U_| ñdZoÌXe©Z hr H$aVo a{hdoH$s gr _yT>Vm
OmZZr. Vmgm| {gÕ hmoV ho Omo JyT>Ÿ-Ÿ^mo½`Ÿ-Ÿ^moŠV¥Ÿ-Ÿê$nZ²gm| C^`Ÿ-Ÿ^mdmË_H$ ^mdmW© : Abm¡{H$H$ nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ H$_bH$mo {Ibm`doH$m| lr_hmà^yZ²H$s Zm§B©
ag_` lrH¥$îU Vmo AnZo nmÌñWmZr` _hmà^yZ²Ho$ öX`_|hþ Jy‹T>^mdV`mhr {~amOV lrJmonrZmWOrhþ VoOmoamer ^pŠV_mJm©ãO_mV©ÊS> h|. Amn X`mHo$ g_wÐhþ hmo`doV|
h|. Aé àH$Q>_| Vmo Amn Vm Jy‹T>^mdZ²Ho$ gmjrê$nŸ-Ÿà_mUê$n hr h|Ÿ- H$Ny> ^pŠVH$_bH$m| {Ibm`doH$m| àH$Q> hmo`do_|hþ AmYma ~ZV h|. àmH¥$V JwUZ²gm|
AY©ZaZmar Oogo ê$nVo Amn àH$Q> Zmht ^ò h|. gmo ""X¡dmoÕmaà`ËZmË_m... AVrVŸ-ŸAñn¥ï> Aé Abm¡{H$H$ nw{ï>^pŠV_mJu` JwUZ²Ho$ {Z{Yê$nhþ h|. Ego
^pŠV_mJm©ãO_mV©ÊS>:... A“rH¥$Ë`¡d Jmonredëb^rH¥$V_mZd:... {déÕY_©Z²Ho$ Aml` h| gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo lrdëb^Ho$ à{V{Z{Y
gmpÝZÜ`_mÌXÎmlrH¥ $ îUào _ m... ^ŠË`mMmamo n Xo ï >m... ^w { d ""AmË_m d¡ Om`Vo nwÌ:'' hmo`doV| Ego h|. Ego lrJmonrZmWOrH$mo _¢ Aml` boV
^pŠVàMma¡H$H¥$Vo ñdmÝd`H¥$V²... VËH$Wm{jßV{MÎm: V{Ûñ_¥VmÝ`:'' hþŸ§ &&10Ÿ&&
Zm_Z²V| {gÕ hmoV ho Omo Amn nw{ï>^pŠV_mJm©Mm`© h|. Vmgm| Omo Ord AmnHo$
CnXoemZwgma lrH¥$îU^pŠV Zmqh H$aV h| {VZH$m| X¡dr Z OmZZmo. gmo H$mhoVo Omo
gy`m}X`H$mo àH$me hmoVhr H$_bH$mo \y$b Vmo {I{b OmV ho n[a amÌrHo$ AÝYH$ma_| Q>rH$m : àmMrZ ^mfmgm{hË`_| H$hþ§Ÿ-ŸH$hþ§ lrJmonrZmWOrHo$ _`m©Xm_mJu` hmo`doH$mo
{I{bdodmao \y$b _waPmdZ² bmJV h|. Vog| _hmà^yZ²Ho$ CnXoeV| X¡drOrdZ²Ho$ CëboI {_bV ho. n[a lr_hmà^whþ Vmo ""A“rH¥$Vm¡ g_`m©X'' h|Ÿ! VmV| `m
öX`H$_b Vmo lrH¥$îU^pŠVHo$ ê$n_| {I{b OmV h| n[a AmgwarZ²Ho$ AÝYH$mar _`m©XmH$m| nw{ï>~mø _`m©Xm Z Om{ZHo$ nw{ï>_mJm©ÝV^y©Vm _`m©Xm OmZZr. Vmgm|
\y$b _waPmdZ² bmJV h|. gmo H$mhoV| Omo Amn Om OrdH$mo A“rH$ma H$aV h| dmH$m| lrnwéfmoÎm_OrZo `h ñVw{VíbmoH$ àH$Q> {H$`mo ho. lrJmonrZmWOrHo$ {da{MV
Vmo AmnH$mo gmpÝZÜ` {_bV ho. Aé OmH$m| AmnH$mo gm§Mmo gmpÝZÜ` {_bV ho "godmíbmoH$' VWm "gmYZXr{nH$m' J«ÝWZ²_| nw{ï>^pŠVH$mo {Zê$nU {_bV ho,
H$Nw> _`m©Xm^pŠVH$mo Zmqh. VmV| AÝ`Wm^md Z bmdZmoŸ&&10Ÿ&&
13 14
H$U©nQw >Z_² | {d{eï> _wpŠVH$m emo^m`_mZ ôdo ahr h|, AmnHo$ ZoÌ Ü`mZ_| AYm}Ý_r{bV
gm`§ Hw $ ÄOmb`ñWmgZ_² Cn{dbgV² ñdU© n mÌ§ gw Y m¡ V § ôdo aho h|. bbmQ>no _¥J_XH$mo {VbH$ YmaU H$[a am»`mo ho. lr_ñVH$no gwÝXa
amOX² - `kmo n drV§ n[aVZw - dgZ§ Jm¡ a _² Aå^mo O dŠÌ_² Ÿ & Ho$emdbr {~amO_mZ ho, Ego lr{dQ²>R>bZmW à^wMaUH$m| _¢ dÝXZ H$aV hþ§Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
àmUmZm`å` Zmgm-nw Q >-{Z{hV-H$a§ H$U© - amOX² - {d_w Š V§
dÝXo@Ym}Ý_r{bVmj§ _¥J_X-{VbH§$ {dQ²>R>boe§ gwHo$e_²Ÿ&&11Ÿ&& Q>rH$m : `m íbmoH$V| lraKwZmWOrZo lrJwgm§B©OrHo$ AmMm`©^mdmo{MV ñdê$nH$m|hr
Ü`mZmË_H$ dÝXZ {H$`mo ho, Oog| ""gm¡ÝX`ª...'' nÚ_| lrJmonrZmWOrZo
lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ Jy‹T> ag_`^mdmË_H$ n[a àH$Q> gm{j^mdmË_H$ AmMm`©^mdmo{MV
gm`§Ÿ=Ÿg§OmHo$ g_` ê$nH$mohr Ü`mZ ~Vm`mo Vog|.
Hw$ÄOmb`ñWmgZ_²Ÿ=ŸHw§$O_| {OZH$mo AmgZ h¡
Cn{dbgV²-ñdU©nmÌ§Ÿ=Ÿg_rn_| aho^ò gmoZoHo$ nmÌ Vmgm| Oogo Jy‹T> nw§^mdmpË_H$m lrñdm{_ZrOr Aé Jy‹T> ór^mdmË_H$ lrà^yZ²Ho$
gwYm¡V§Ÿ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgy§ Ymoò ^ò ñdê$nZ²_| H$Nw> ôX Zmqh VmoC lrñdm{_ZrOrH$m| Ho$db V{Z`m Yam`Ho$ H$moC
n[aVZwdgZ§Ÿ=ŸdóZ²Hw§$ YmaU H$ao ^ò Xe©Z ImobV Zmqh Aé lrR>mHw$aOrHo$hþ bh§Jm Mmobr Aé gmar _| Xe©Z hmoV Zmqh
amOX²`kmondrV§Ÿ=Ÿ`kmondrV YaUH$ao ^ò VogoB© lr_hmà^w VWm lrà^wMaU _| Jy‹T> nwéfmoÎm_^mdH$m| àH$Q> H$[aHo$ ^pŠVar{V_|
Jm¡a_²Ÿ=ŸJm¡a dU©dmao agm^mg H$[adodmar ~¡R>H$OrZ²_| J|XŸ-ŸN>‹S>rŸ-ŸMmon‹S> Y[aHo$ àXe©Z H$[admohþ
C{MV Zmqh. AmMm`m©^mdV| O~ Amn XmoC àH$Q>o h| V~ AmMm`©^mdmo{MV dó
Aå^moOdŠÌ§Ÿ=ŸH$_b g_mZ _wIdmao
Am^yfU gmO godm hr C{MV ho. VmV| VwbgrH$s H§$R>r, {VbH$, Jmo_wIr,
àmUmZm`å`Ÿ=ŸàmUm`m_ H$arHo$ g³Ü`mH$mo gmO, lr_X²^mJdVH$s nmoWr, YmoVrŸ-ŸCnaUmHo$ dóm^yfU Aé gmOH$mohr
ZmgmnwQ>-{Z{hV-H$a§Ÿ=ŸZm{gH$mno hmW aIo^ò AmMm`©^mdmo{MV OmZZm|Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
H$U©amOX²{d_wŠV_²Ÿ=ŸH$mZ_| _mo{V YmaU H$ao^ò
AYm}Ý_r{bVmj§Ÿ=ŸAmYo ZoÌ {_Mo^ò Ÿ&& Ego Jmoñdm_r lrXr{jVmË_O í`m_ _Zmoha Ûmam {da{MV _“bmMaUH$s
_¥J_X{VbH§$Ÿ=ŸH$ñVyarH$mo {VbH$ YmaU H$ao^ò ì`m»`m gånyU© ^B© Ÿ&&
gwHo$e§Ÿ=ŸgwÝXa Ho$edmao
{dQ²>R>boe§Ÿ=Ÿlr{dQ²>R>bZmWOrH$m|
dÝXoŸ=ŸdÝXZ H$é§ hþ§ Ÿ
^mdmW© : gm`§H$mb_| Hw$ÄO^dZ_| AmgZno {~am{Ododmao, g³Ü`mdÝXZmW© ñdU©nmÌ

{OZHo$ gå_wI gOo ^ò h|, H${Q>_o gwÝXa YmoVr YmaU H$[a amIr ho, `kmondrVhþ
lrA“no emo^m`_mZ ôdo ahr ho, CnaZmhþ AmnZo Amo{‹T> am»`mo ho, AmnH$mo
_wIma{dÝX Jm¡adU© ho, àmUm`m_Ho$ H$mO ZmgmnwQ>Z²no lrhñV Y[a am»`mo ho,
15 16
&& gdm}Îm_ñVmoÌ_² Ÿ&& H${hdoHo${bò àW_ lrnyaZnwéfmoÎm_ ñdê$nH$s ñVw{V VrZ íbmoH$Z² H$[a H$aV h|,
_“bHo${bò.
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gdm}Îm_ñVmoÌH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|. gmo VmH$s Q>rH$m lrJwgm§BO© rHo$ nwÌ lrJmoH$w bZmWOr
H$aV h|. AÝd`mW© :
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ZËdm {nV¥ n Xmå^mo O § gdm© ^ rï>àXm`H$‘² &
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VËàmo Š VmMm`© Z m‘m{Z {dd[aîò `Wm‘{V:&&
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H$aV h|. AmnHo$ MaUma{dÝX Ho$go h|Ÿ? ^ŠVZ²H$m| ^JdX²^pŠV_| Cn`moJr, `m
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dñVw Om_| nabmoH$ {g{Õ hmoB©, {VZ gH$bHo$ XoZdmao MaUma{dÝXH$m| h_ Z_ñH$ma à{VnmXZ doXm{X emñÌ H$aV h|, Ego _m`m{XXmof a{hV, ewÕ AmH¥${Vdmao
H$aV h|. gmo lr_hmà^wOrHo$ Zm_Z²H$s Q>rH$m Oogr ~w{Õ ho Vm ^m§{V h_ H$aV h|. lrH¥$îUH$s ñVw{V _¢ H$aV hþ§Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
`Úß``mo ½ Èdmh§ VÝZm_{dd¥ V m¡ ñdV:Ÿ& Q>rH$m : lrR>mHw$aOr Ho$go h|Ÿ? àmH¥$V Y_© Oogo gÎdJwU, aOmoJwU Amoa V_moJwU
ñdr`Ëdo Z ¡ d H¥ $ n`m `mo ½ `Vm_{n Xmñ`{VŸ&& {VZ H$[aHo$ a{hV h|. H$Xm{MV² H$moB© H$ho Ho$ V~ Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr {ZamH$ma hmo`
B{V {dídmgVmo Zy Z § dV} @ h§ ZM AÝ`WmŸ& JòŸ! Vhm§ H$hV h|, ZhtŸ! lrR>mHw$aOr AàmH¥$V h|. Abm¡{H$H$ AmZÝX_` Xoh-
AVñVEd eaU§ Z_: gdm© W © { gÕò Ÿ && BpÝÐ`m{XH$ VmŸH$[a g{hV h|. Amoa `mhr ^m§{V doXhþ {Zê$nU H$aV ho. gmo Ego
ewÕ AmZÝX_mÌ-H$a-nmX-_wImoXam{X gmH$ma lrnyaZnwéfmoÎm_H$s h_ ñVw{V
H$aV h|Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
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_oao_| Vmo `mo½`Vm Zmqh ho n[a lr_hmà^w _moHw§$ AnZmo Om{ZHo$ H¥$nm H$[aHo$ AnZo
Zm_Z²H$s Q>rH$m H$[ado_| `mo½`Vm XoB§Jo, `m {dídmgV| Q>rH$m H$[ado_| àd¥Îm ^`mo Vhm§ ò nyd©nj hmo` Omo Egmo ñdê$n Vw_ H$hV hmo gmo gm§Mmo hmo` Vmo
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lrgdm}Îm_ñVmoÌ_² lrgdm}Îm_ñVmoÌ_²
17 18
Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo, _mhmËå`§Ÿ=Ÿ_mhmËå` H$[aî`Z²Ÿ=ŸH$[adoH$s BÀN>mdmao ^ò MH$maŸ=Ÿ{H$`mo
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hmoV ho Oogmo d¡Hw$ÊR>dmgrZ²H$m| kmZ hmoV hoŸ&&2Ÿ&& lrnwéfmoÎm_ñdê$nH$mo dU©Z H$aVo ho gmo {dZHo$ _wIma{dÝXñdê$n lrAmMm`©OrH$mohþ
dU©Z H$aV ho. gmo Ego gmH$ma AmZÝX_mÌ-H$a-nmX-_wImoXam{Xê$n Omo lr_hmà^w
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Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo lr_hmà^wOrH$m| Vw_ Om ^m§{V H$hV hmo dm ^m§{V
H$moB© Amoa Š`m| Zht OmZV h¡Ÿ? gmo Vhm§ H$hV h|, H${bH$mb {dfo AkmZê$n Omo
X``m {ZO_mhmËå`§ H$[aî`Z² àH$Q>§ h[a:Ÿ& AÝYH$ma Vm H$[aHo$ g~Z²H$s ~w{ÕŸ=ŸÑ{ï> AmÀN>m{XV ho. VmV| AmoaZ²H$m|
dmÊ`m `Xm VXm ñdmñ`§ àmXw ^ y © V § MH$ma {hŸ&&3Ÿ&& lr_hmà^wOrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo kmZ Zmqh hmoV ho. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo do bmoH$_| pñWV
h| Aé lr_hmà^w d¡Hw$ÊR>bmoH$_| pñWV Omo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ {VZHo$ _wIma{dÝXê$n h|,
`XmŸ=ŸO~, h[a:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU VXmŸ=ŸV~ gmo Vmgm| CZ(ŸnpÊS>VZ²Ÿ)H$m| kmZ Zmqh.
{ZO_mhmËå`§Ÿ=ŸAnZo _mhmËå`H$m| ñdmñ`§Ÿ=ŸAnZo _wIma{dÝXñdê$n
dmÊ`mŸ=ŸdmUrV| {hŸ=Ÿhr Vhm§ nyd©nj hmo` Omo Vw_H$m| lr_hmà^wOrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo kmZ Š`m| hoŸ? gmo
àH$Q>§Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> àmXw^y©V§Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo h_Hw§$ Vmo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ H¥$nmH$[aHo$ AnZo dMZÛmam AnZmo
19 20
_mhmËå` OZm`doHo${bò lr_hmà^wOrH$m| àJQ> {H$ò V~ lrAmMm`©Or Amn
AnZmo ñdê$n OVmò V~ h_ OmZoŸ&&3Ÿ&& A~ lr_hmà^wOrHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_Z²H$mo Abm¡{H$H$ AmZÝX_`Ëd H$hV
h|. Omo g~ R>moa Ohm§ Zm_Z²H$mo àmJQ>ç H$ømo ho Vhm§ _ÝÌ, F${f, N>ÝX, XodVm
VXw Š V_{n Xw ~ m} Y § gw ~ mo Y § ñ`mX² `Wm VWmŸ& ò hmoV h|. gmo lr_hmà^wOrHo$ Zm_ h| gmo Vmo Abm¡{H$H$ AmZÝX_` h| Vmgm|
VÝZm_mï>mo Î maeV§ àdú`må`{IbmKöV² Ÿ &&4Ÿ&& BZH$mo àJQ> H$aZdmao F${fH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h| :
Xw~m}Y_²Ÿ=ŸH$ï>gy§ OmH$mo ~moY hmodo Egmo VXwŠV§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$mo H$ømo F${fap½ZHw $ _mañVw ZmåZm§ N>ÝXmo OJË`gm¡ Ÿ &
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ `WmŸ=ŸOogo lrH¥ $ îUmñ`§ Xo d Vm M ~rO§ H$mé{UH$: à^w : Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
gw~moY§Ÿ=Ÿgw~moY A{IbmKöV²Ÿ=Ÿg~ nmnZ²H$o h[adodmao
ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` VÝZm_mï>moÎmaeV§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHo$ 108 Zm_ (Ÿ_ÝÌê$nmUm§Ÿ=Ÿ_ÝÌê$nŸ) (Apñ_ÝZod nÚo à`wŠV§Ÿ=Ÿ`m íbmoH$_|
ZmåZm§Ÿ=ŸZm_Z²Ho$ hr à`wŠV)
VWmŸ=ŸVogo àdú`m{_Ÿ=ŸH$hþ§ hþ§
OJ{VŸ=ŸOJV_| N>ÝX:Ÿ= ŸN>ÝX, XodVmŸ=ŸXodVm
(ŸÐï>mŸ)F${f:Ÿ=ŸF${f, VwŸ=ŸVmo lrH¥$îUmñ`§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$mo _wI
^mdmW© : lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ dMZZ²H$mo Jy‹T>me` Vmo Om{Z g{H$dmo gab Zmqh n[a BZ
Aï>moÎmaeV Zm_Ho$ nmR> {H$òVo Xw~m}Yhþ dMZ gw~moY ô OmV h|Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& Ap½ZHw$_ma:= lr _hmà^wOrHo$- ~rO§Ÿ=Ÿ~rO, MŸ=Ÿ^r
nwÌ h|, Agm¡Ÿ=Ÿò H$mé{UH$:Ÿ=ŸX`mbw, à^w:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUŸh|
Q>rH$m : Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOrHo$ H$hoV| Amoa H$moB© Š`m| _mZoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV
h| : lr^mJdV Zm_mË_H$ ^JdËñdê$n ho, Vmgm| ^JdËñdê$nH$mo kmZ Vmo ^mdmW© : _ÝÌê$n BZ Aï>moÎmaeV Zm_Z²Ho$ ^yVbno _ÝÌÐï>m F${f Vmo Ap½ZHw$_ma
lrR>mHw$aOrHw$hr hmo`. lr_hmà^wOr Oo h| Vo nwéfmoÎm_ Omo lr^mJdV² VmH$mo lrà^wMaU h|, N>ÝX Vmo nÚ_| à`wŠV (ŸAZwïw>n²Ÿ) N>ÝX ho, XodVm lrH¥$îUH$mo
{Zê$nU H$aZdmao h|. {Zê$nU Vmo dMZê$nhr, VmHo$ H$aZdmao lr_hmà^w àJQ> _wIma{dÝX Aé ~rO _hmH$mé{UH$ à^w h|Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
hmo`H|$ lrgw~moYZrOr Am{X J«ÝW àJQ> {H$ò. Vohþ A{V Jy‹T>mW©, {VZH$mo kmZ Amoa
H$moZH$m| hmo`Ÿ! gmo godH$Z²H$m|hþ Xw~m}Y ho. Amoa godH$Z²H$m| O~ Vm§B© kmZ Z hmo` Q>rH$m : `m gdm}Îm_ ñVmoÌHo$ F${f Ap½ZHw$_ma h|. Vhm§ nyd©nj hmoV ho Omo
V~ Vm§B© H¥$VmW©Vm Zmqh. VmHo${bò g~Z²H$m| Om ^m§{V kmZ{g{Õ hmo` VmHo${bò ghòZm_m{XH$Z²H$mo àmJQ>ç H$aZdmao d¡fånm`Zm{X Oo F${f h| gmo BZHo$ g_mZ
Amoa Cnm` Zmqh hmo`dogw§ lr_hmà^wOrHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|. hmo`|J|Ÿ! gmo ò Ame‘>m Xy[a H$[adoH$m| "Vw'eãX H$ho. Vmgm| `h OZmdV h| Omo
EH$gmo AmR> Zm_Z²H$m| àJQ> H$aZdmao Amoa(Ÿ=AÝ`Ÿ) F${fZ²H$s Anojm Abm¡{H$H$
gmo lr_hmà^wOrHo$ Zm_ h| gmo {ZË` h|. àmJQ²>çV| n{hbo hþ h|, Oog| OmZZm|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ doX-nwamUZ²_| à{gÕ Zmqh
lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ Zm_ n{hbo hþ h| Vm ^m§{V. Vmgm| {dZ Zm_Z²Hw§$ àJQ> _mÌ H$aV Amoa A~ VmB§ H$moC OmZohþ Zmqh. VmV| {dZHo$ OmZZ²dmao Oo F${f h|Ÿ•ŸlrJwgm§B©Or
h|. ò Zm_ gw~mo{YZr Am{X J«ÝWZ²H$m| Om{Zdo_| à{V~ÝYê$n nmnH$m| Xy[a H$aZdmao do g~ F${fZ²V| A{YH$ h|, Abm¡{H$H$ h|. gmo `mhrVo BZH$mo Zm_ "Ap½ZHw$_ma'
h| gmo Aï>moÎmaeV Zm_Z²H$m| àH$Q> H$aV h|Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& ho.
21 22
Xo`doH$s gm_Ï`© lr_hmà^yZ²_| Ho$go gå^doŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo Amn "à^w' h|.
lrJwgm§B©OrHo$ àJQ> {H$ò ò Zm_ {VZH$mo Omo H$moC nmR> H$ao VmH$m| nhbo Amn à^w h| Vmgm| AË`ÝV AgmYmaU gm_Ï`©dmao h|. Omo \$b lrR>mHw$aOr XmZ
Vmo godmH$s {g{Õ hmoB, AmJo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ AYam_¥VH$mo AmñdmXZ hmoB. gmo ò H$a| gmo hr \$b AmMm`©Orhþ XmZ H$aV h|Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
\$b {gÕ hmo`. gmo Oogo amgH«$sS>m_| Ap½ZHw$_ma JwUmVrV {VZ ^rVa lrñdm{_ZrOrH$m|
am{IH|$ CZH$m| lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Amn bo`Ho$ nYmao V~ Vm g_| Ap½ZHw$_ma gmo `m àH$ma lrgdm}Îm_ñVmoÌH$mo ~rO Am{XH$mo CnnmXZ H$arHo$ A~ `m
ñdm{_ZrOr ê$n ^ò. gmo Cn[a Ap½ZHw$_m[aH$mê$n Aé ^rVa lrñdm{_ZrOrê$n ñVmoÌH$mo {dZ`moJ H$hV h| :
h|. gmo àJQ> AW© ò ho Omo ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ {dñVmamW© ~«m÷Udofgm| Ap½Zê$n
lrAmMm`©Or {VZHo$ nwÌê$n Amnw Jmoñdm_r lr{dQ²>R>bZmWOr h| gmo Vmgm|
{d{Z`mo J mo ^pŠV`mo J -à{V~ÝY-{dZmeZo Ÿ &
"Ap½ZHw$_ma' H$ho. Aé ^rVa Ap½ZHw$_ma gÑe lrñdm{_ZrOr ê$n h|. gmo `m
^m§{V F${fH$mo ê$n H${hHo$ N>ÝXH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|. H¥ $ îUmYam_¥ V mñdmX-{g{ÕaÌ Z g§ e `:Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
N>ÝX Vmo Amoahþ ghòZm_Z²H$mo Amoa Aï>moÎmaeVZm_Z²H$mo Omo OJV²_| à{gÕ ^pŠV`moJŸ-Ÿà{V~ÝYŸ-Ÿ{dZmeZoŸ=Ÿ
ho gmo gdm}Îm_ñVmoÌhþ H$mo N>ÝX ho. ò {Zê$nU H$[a A~ XodVmH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV ^pŠV`moJ_| (ŸVoZŸ=ŸVmgyŸ§ )
h|Ÿ: AmdVo à{V~ÝYZ²H$m| {dZme-H$[ado_| H¥$îUmYam_¥VmñdmX{g{Õ:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$
(Añ` ñVmoÌñ`Ÿ=Ÿ`m ñVmoÌH$mo) AYam_¥VHo$ AmñdmXH$s {g{Õ
gdm}Îm_ñVmoÌHo$ XodVm-\$bXmVm Vmo àË`j Xe©Z Xo`dodmao lrH¥$îUmñ` {d{Z`moJ:Ÿ=ŸCn`moJ ho AÌŸ=Ÿ`m_|, ZŸg§e`:Ÿ=Ÿg§e`ŸZmht
lr_hmà^wOr h|. gmo \$bHo$ XmVm Aé nw{ï>_mJu` \$bH$mo ^moJ H$aZdmaohþ h|.
^mdmW© : BZ Aï>moÎmaeV Zm_Z²Ho$ nmR>H$mo {d{Z`moJ ^pŠV`moJ_| AmdVo
Vhm§ A~ nyd©nj hmo` Omo nw{ï>_mJu` \$b Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ AYam_¥VH$mo à{V~ÝYZ²H$mo {dZme H$[ado_| ho. VmV| lrH¥$îUHo$ AYam_¥VmñdmX (Ÿñdê$nmZÝXHo$
AmñdmXZ ho gmo Vmo ~«÷m{XH$Z²H$m|hþ Xwb©^ ho. VmH$mo XmZ AnZo godH$Z²H$m| Š`m| ^moŠV¥^mdŸ)H$s {g{Õ hmodV ho Vhm§ g§e` ZmqhŸ&&6Ÿ&&
H$aV h|Ÿ? gmo Vhm§ ~rOñdê$n H$hV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOr H$mé{UH$ h|. gmo AnZo
godH$Z²no _hm X`mdÝV h|. gmo H$moZ ^m§{Vgm|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo Amoa AmMm`©Z²H$s Q>rH$m : lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm_| AmdVo {OVZo à{V~ÝY h| {VZH$m| Xy[a H$[ado_|
Zm§B AnZo godH$Z²H$m| _wpŠVH$mo XmZ H$a| Vmo nw{ï>_maJH$mo \$b H$mhþH$mo hmoVmo Zmqh, gdm}Îm_ñVmoÌH$mo à`moOZ ho. Amoa na_\$b Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo AYam_¥VH$mo
V~ H$moC "nw{ï>_mJu'hþ Z H$hdmdVo. gmo AnZo godH$Z²H$m| lr_hmà^wOr g~ AmñdmXZ ho. gmo H$moZ ^m§{Vgm|Ÿ? gmo OmH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma ho Vm ^m§{VHo$ \$bH$mo
OrdZ²Vo Ý`mao H$[a ñd`§ àJQ> {H$`mo Omo nw{ï>_maJ VmH$mo \$bXmZ H$[a g~ AZw^d hmo`Jmo. Oogo O~ lrR>mHw$aOr doUwZmX {H$ò V~ doUwZmXÛmam g~ d¥j
OrdZ²V| ~‹S>o {H$ò. gmo Ego X`mdÝV lr_hmà^wOr h|. bVm g~Z²Hw§$ Vm ^m§{VH$mo AZw^d {X`mo. gmo OmH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma VmH$m| Vmhr
^m§{V gdm}Îm_ñVmoÌHo$ nmR>Vo \$b hmo`JmoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
Vhm§ nyd©nj hmo` Omo nw{ï>_maJH$mo \$b Vmo H$moC OmZV Zmqh. Amoa
lrR>mHw$aOrZohþ `m \$bHw§$ AnZo AÝVa“ ^ŠVZ² hr _| àJQ> {H$`mo ho. gmo VmH$m| 1
AmZÝX: 2 na_mZÝX: 3 lrH¥ $ îUmñ`§ 4 H¥ $ nm{Z{Y:Ÿ&
23 24
5 6
X¡ d mo Õ maà`ËZmË_m ñ_¥ { V_mÌm{V© Z meZ:Ÿ&&7Ÿ&& àmH$Q>ç Vmo AÝ`Ì ^`mo. gmo VmH$mo H$hm H$maUŸ? gmo `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò
`h Zm_ H$hVŸh|Ÿ:
AmZÝX:
lrAmMm`©Or AmZÝXñdê$n h|. H¥$nm-{Z{Y:
lrAmMm`©Or H¥$nmHo$ {Z{Y h|.
`m ^m§{V \$bn`©ÝV {Zê$nU H$[a O~ lrJwgm§B©Or lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ Zm_Z²H$mo
{Zê$nU H$aZ bmJo V~ ñdê$nH$mo ñ_aU ^`mo V~ nhbo `h OmÝ`mo Omo lr_hmà^wOr Abm¡{H$H$H¥$nmŸ-Ÿg{hV h|. gmo {OZ OrdZ²Ho$ D$na H¥$nm
lr_hmà^wOr AmZÝXê$n h| Vmgy§ AmnHw$ "AmZÝX' H$ømo. H$[admo MmhV h| do Vmo `m bmoH$_| àH$Q>o h| Vmgm| Amnhþ `hm§ àH$Q> Z hmodVo Vmo
{VZH$mo CÕma Z hmoVmo. gmo V~ lr_hmà^wOr Amn "H¥$nm{Z{Y' Z H$hodmdVo. VmV|
na_mZÝX… Amnhþ `m bmoH$_| àJQ> ^ò. {Z{Y Vmo AJmY hmo`doV| g~Z²H$m| n[anyU© H$aV ho.
Vmgm| lr_hmà^wZ² Ûmam àH${Q>V ^pŠV^mJ©_| A“rH¥$V g~{hZ²H$m| `Wm{YH$ma
lrAmMm`©Or na_mZÝXñdê$n h|.
ÔZmZÝX (Ÿê$n \$bŸ) hmo`Jmohr.
nmN>o AJbmo Zm_ {dMmaZ bmJo. gmo V~ _Z_| {dMmao Omo AmZÝX Vmo
Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo do H$moZ Ord h| {OZHo$ H$mO lr_hmà^wZ²H$m| ^yVbno
Aja_| ho Amoa nyU©nwéfmoÎm__|hþ ho VmV| gÝXoh hmo` Omo lr_hmà^wOr H$hm AjaHo$
àH$Q> hmoZmo n`m}Ÿ? gmo AmJoHo$ Zm_Vo OZmdV h|Ÿ:
AmZÝXê$n hm|`JoŸ? gmo `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò Zm_ H$hV h| "na_mZÝX:'.
X¡dmoÕma-à`ËZmË_m
`Ú{n lrAmMm`©Or lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_mZÝXê$n h| VWm{n ^ybmoH$_| àJQ>
hmo`dogm| VÐyn Ho$go H$ho Om`| VmHo$ gm_mYmZmW© H$hV h|Ÿ: X¡dr OrdZ²Ho$ CÕma{dfo à`ËZ`wŠV ho AÝV:H$aU {OZH$mo Ego lr_hmà^wOr
h|.
Vhm§ X¡dr g¥{ï>Ho$ Ord Xmo` ^m§{VHo$ h|. gmo {H$VZoH$ Vmo Ego h| {OZH$mo
lrH¥$îUmñ`_²
gmYZar{Vgm| CÕma ho. Omo gmYZ H$a| Vmo CÕma hmoB. Vo Vmo doXŸ-ŸnwamU_| Omo
lrAmMm`©Or lrH¥$îUHo$ lr_wIñdê$n h|. gmYZ H$ho h| {VZH$mo H$[adoVo H¥$VmW© hm|BJo. {VZHo$ AW© lr_hmà^yZ²H$mo àmJQ>ç
Zmqh ho. X¡drOrdZ²_| Xygao nw{ï>_mJu` Ord h|. {VZH$mo CÕma lrR>mHw$aOr
lrñdm{_ZrOr VWm d«O^ŠV {VZ g{hV H¥$îU gpÀMXmZÝX \$bê$n _`m©Xm_maJHo$ gmYZ {~Zm hr H$a|Jo. gmo CZ OrdZ²H$mo Vmo gmjmV² lrR>mHw$aOrgm|
ewÕnw{ï>_mJu` na_mË_ dñVw lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ {VZHo$ lr_wIñdê$n Amn h|. ñdê$ngå~ÝYhr \$b ho. Vm \$bHo$ gmYZ doXŸ-ŸnwamUZ²_| Vmo à{gÕ ho Zmqh, gmo
(ŸgmYZŸ) Vmo ewÕ nw{ï>_mJu` hmo` VmhrHw§$ kmZ hmo`, AmoaZ²Hw§$ Z hmo`. `{X
Vhm§ `h gÝXoh hmo` Omo lr_hmà^wOr lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wIma{dÝXê$n h| gmo lr_hmà^wOr Amn àJQ> Z hmoVo Vmo nw{ï>_maJ d¥Wm hmo` OmVmo. VmHo${bò
lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ g_mZ ^ò. Ego lr_hmà^wOrH$mo àmJQ>ç Oogo lrH¥$îUH$mo lr_hmà^wOrH$mo àmJQ>ç ho. gmo `h OVm`doHo${bò "X¡dmoÕmaà`ËZmË_m' `h
àmH$Q>ç Abm¡{H$H$ d«O_| ^`mo hVmo Ego ñWb_| hmoZmo M{hò. n[a AmnH$mo Zm_ŸH$ho.
25 26
`m Zm__| Amoa emñÌZ²H$mo Zm_ Zmqh {bò, _mÌ lr^mJdVH$mo Zm_ {bò
A~ H$hV h| Omo nw{ï>_maJr` OrdZ²Ho$ _Z_| AÝ` _maJH$mo \$b Vmo AmdV h| VmV| `m nw{ï>_maJH$mo _yb lr^mJdV hr ho. Š`m| OmoŸ? dm_| nw{ï>_maJ H$ømo
Zmqh. Amoa AnZo nw{ï>_maJr` gmYZŸ-Ÿ\$b BZH$m| kmV Zmqh h|. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or ho. Vhm§ ò nyd©nj hmo` Omo lr^mJdVH$mo Vmo g~ H$moC ì`m»`mZ H$aV ho. `{X
_hmà^yZ²Ho$ àmJQ>çV| n{hbo godH$Z²H$mo CÕma Ho$go ^`mo hmo`JmoŸ? gmo H$mhoVo Omo Chm§ nw{ï>_maJ hmoB Vmo Amoahþ H$moC OmZ|Ÿ! Vhm§ A~ Amoahþ AmJo H$hV h| Omo g~
nw{ï>_maJH$mo gmYZŸ-Ÿ\$b Vmo OmZV Zmqh. VmV| O~ lr_hmà^wOr Amn àJQ> ^ò H$moC lr^mJdVH$mo ì`m»`mZ H$aV h| n[a dm_| JwßV \$bê$n Omo nw{ï>_maJ ho
V~ BZHo$ MaUma{dÝXHo$ ñ_aU_mÌV| godH$Z²H$m| gmYZŸ-Ÿ\$bH$mo kmZ ^`mo. V~ VmH$mo kmZ H$mhþHw$ ho Zmqh, gmo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²Hw$ ho VmV| Amnw àJQ>
CÕma ^`mo. AmaVr-Šboe Xya ^ò. gmo `h OVm`doH$o {bò H$hV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOr {H$`mo. Vhm§ ò nyd©nj hmo` Omo lr^mJdV_| Vmo _wpŠVH$m| \$bê$n H$ømo ho,
Amn Ho$go h|Ÿ? nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$b H$hm§ H$ømo hoŸ? Vhm§ A~ H$hV h| Omo lr^mJdV_| _wpŠVH$mo
\$b ^pŠVaghr H$ømo ho. Amoa `m| H$ømo ho Omo ^pŠVagHo$ AmJo _wpŠV Am{X
g~ VwÀN> ho. ò g~ {Zê$nU lr_hmà^wOr Amn {H$ò h| VmhrV| `h Zm_ H$ho
ñ_¥{V-_mÌm{V©-ZmeZ:
h|. lr^mJdVH$mo Jy‹T>mW© VmHo$ àH$me H$[ado {dfo {dMma`wŠV lr_hmà^wOr Amn
AmnH$mo ñ_aU_mÌ H$aV h| {VZ godH$Z²H$s Amn Ama{V Xy[a H$aZdmao h|. h|.
gmo Vhm§ Omo H$moC AÝ`_maJrhþ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo _mhmËå` Om{ZHo$ gmo A~ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$b Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo
ñ_aU H$ao Vmo dmhþH$s Ama{V Xya ˆ¡ OmV ho Omo Egmo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo AZw^d ho. lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ñdê$n Vmo "{ZamH$ma' H$ømo ho, VmH$mo AZw^d Ho$go
ñdê$n hoŸ&&7Ÿ&& hmo`Ÿ? `h gÝXoh Xya H$[adoHo${bò A~ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo ò Zm_ H$hV
h|Ÿ:
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo ñdê$n Oo OmZV h| Vo Vmo
nw{ï>^pŠV_maJHw$ à_mU H$h|, n[a Oo npÊS>VOZ AmnH$mo ñdê$n Zmqh OmZV h| gmH$ma-~«÷-dmX¡H$-ñWmnH$:
{VZHo$ _Z_| gÝXoh hmoV ho Omo nw{ï>_maJ_| _yb H$hm. {VZH$mo gÝXoh Xy[a
lr_hmà^wOr gmH$ma ~«÷dmXH$mo ñWmnZ H$aZdmao h|.
H$[adoHo${bò lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
7 lr_hmà^wOr Amn Ho$go h|Ÿ? Omo gmH$maŸ=Ÿgd© BpÝÐ`Z² H$[aH|$ AZw^d

lr^mJdV-JyT>mW©-àH$meZ-namÙ:Ÿ&
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H$[ado `mo½` Amoa AmZÝX_mÌŸ-ŸH$anmX_wImoXam{X Ego Omo lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ {VZH$mo
gmH$ma-~« ÷ dmX¡ H $-ñWmnH$mo 9 do X nmaJ:Ÿ&&8Ÿ&& `wpŠVg{hV ñWmnZ H$aZdmao h|. VmV| nw{ï>_mJu` \$bH$mo AZw^d ^br^m§{Vgm|
hmo`Jmo `h OmZZmo.
lr^mJdV-JyT>mW©-àH$meZ-namÙ:
lr^mJdVHo$ JyT>-JwßV AÝ`H$[aHo$ AkmV Ego AW©Hw$ àJQ> H$[ado_| Amn A~ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo AÝ` hþ AmMm`©Z²Zo ~«÷Hw$ gmH$ma Vmo H$ømohr
namÙ-VËna h|. ho Vm_| lr_hmà^yZ²H$mo d¡{eï>ç H$hmŸ? `m e‘>mH$mo g_mYmZ H$[adoHo$ AW©
AmJoH$mo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
27 28
gd©-dm{X-{Zamg-H¥$V²
doX-nmaJ: doX{déÕ AW© H$[adodmao gd© dm{XZ²H$mo IÊS>Z H$[adodmao lrAmMm`©Or h|.
AmMm`©Or gånyU© doXHo$ kmVm h¢.
A~ H$hV h| Omo _m`mdmXgo (ŸgÑeŸ) Amoa hþ Oo doX{déÕ dmX h|. gmo H$m¡Z
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ñdê$n (ŸAmH$maŸ) bm¡{H$H$ ZoÌZ²gy§ Vmo Xo»`mo Z OmB. Vmgm| ^m§{Vgm|Ÿ? Omo CZ emñÌZ²(ŸdmXZ²Ÿ)_| H$ømo ho Omo kmZŸ-ŸBÀN>mŸ-Ÿà`ËZ ò Y_©
Om ^m§{V doX_| H$ho h| Vmhr ^m§{Vgy§ OmZZmo. Amoa {ZamH$ma ñdê$n, gmohþ doXhr B©ída_| h| n[a AmZÝXñdê$n Zmqh H$ho. gmo Vmgm| Ý`mèmñÌH$mo _V doX{déÕ
H$hV ho. n[a gånyU© doXH$mo kmZ AÝ`Z²H$m| Zmqh ho, `mhrV| Wmoar lw{V Om{ZHo$ ho. Amoa H$_©_mJu H$_©Hw§$hr _w»` H$[a _mZV h|, B©ídaHw§$ _mZVhr Zmqh.
AnZo _ZHo$ AmJ«hgy§ {ZamH$ma ñdê$nH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|. VmV| CZH$mo H$ømo gm§»`dmXr àH¥${VŸ-ŸnwéfhrHw§$ _w»` _mZV h|. gmo Vmgm| BVa ~hþV _V doXgy§
à_mU Z _mZZmo Amoa lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²Hw§$ Vmo doXH$s gJar emImZ²H$mo Aé {déÕ h|. {dZ g~ _VZ²H$mo lr_hmà^wOr Amn {Zamg {H$òŸh|.
Cn{ZfXZ²H$mo kmZ ho, gmo Vmgm| {dMma H$aV Omo gmH$maŸ-Ÿ{ZamH$ma C^`
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"doXnmaJ:'Ÿ&&8Ÿ&& AmMaU H$aV h|Ÿ? gmo `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$adoHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
10 11
_m`mdmX{ZamH$Vm© gd© d m{X{ZamgH¥ $ V² Ÿ & ^pŠV-_mJm©ãO-_mV©ÊS>…
12 13
^pŠV_mJm© ã O_mV© Ê S>: ñÌrey Ð mÚw Õ ¥ { Vj_:Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& ^pŠV_maJê$n Omo H$_b VmHo$ "_mV©ÊS>' gmo gy`©ê$nŸ=ŸàH$meHo$ H$aZdmao
h|.
_m`m-dmX-{ZamH$Vm© `m H$[aHo$ `h OVm` Omo ^pŠVemñÌ, Oo lr^mJdVŸ-ŸJrVm, _| Oo Y_© H$ho
g~ H$Nw> {_Ï`m-_m{`H$ ho Egmo {Zê$nU H$[adodmamo Omo _m`mdmX VmH$mo h| {VZH$mo AmMaU H$aZdmao h|. lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²Zo ^pŠVemñÌ J«hU {H$`mo
Amn {ZdmaU H$[adodmao h|. ho. Amoa ^pŠV_maJHw$ "H$_b' H$ho VmV| H$_b Oogo _hmgwIH$mo XoZdmamo ho Vm
^m§{Vgy§ ^pŠV_maJHw$§ Amoa _maJH$s Anojm _hmgwIê$n OmZZmo. Amoa lrAmMm`©Or
_hmà^yZ²H$m| gy`©ê$n H$ømo gmo Vmgm| H$_bH$mo àH$meZ Oog| gy`© H$ao ho Vog|
`Ú{n AmJo Omo Xmo Zm_ H$ho Omo Amn gmH$ma~«÷dmXH$mo ñWmnZ H$[adodmao
^pŠV_maJH$mo àH$meZ H$aZdmao lr_hmà^wOr h|; Amoa H$moC Zmqh ho. Amoa gy`©
h| Aé Amn doXnmaJ h| Vmgm| hr _m`mdmXH$mo {ZamH$aU Vmo hmoB J`mo VWm{n nwZ:
H$[a àH$m{eV Oo H$_b VmHo$ ag^moŠVm ^«_a h|, gmo Vm ^m§{V lrAmMm`©Or
ò Zm_ H${hdoH$mo Ame` ò ho Omo _m`mdmX gd©Wm doX {déÕ ho. Vmgm| VmH$mo
_hmà^yZ²Ho$ Ûmam àJQ> {H$`mo Omo ^pŠV_maJ Vm_| agHo$ ^moŠVm(ŸOo OrdŸ) gmo
{ZamH$aU Adí` H$aZmo M{hò. Vmgm| {^ÝZ Zm_ H$ho. _m`m dmXr H$hV h| Omo
{OZH$mo lr_hmà^wOr A“rH$ma {H$ò h| Vo Ord hr h| Amoa Zmqh h|. Oogo gy`©
_m`mVo àH$Q> hmo`dogy§ g~ H$Ny> {_Ï`m ho. gmo ò dmX doX{déÕ ho. gmo H$mhoVoŸ?
AmoaZ²H$m| VmnH$mo H$maU ho n[a H$_bHo$ ^rVa Omo ^«_a h| {VZH$m| AmZÝX
Omo doX_| g~ dñVwH$m| gË` H$ho h|, VmV| `h doX{déÕ dmX ho. VmhþH$m| Xy[a {H$ò.
CnOmdZdmamo ho, `m ^m§{V lr_hmà^wOr h|. gmo AÝ`_maJr`Z²H$m| Vmn CnOmdZdmao
gmo lr_hmà^wOr Amn Ego h| `h OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$h|.
h|. gmo `h OVm`doHo${bò "^pŠV_mJm©ãO_mV©ÊS>' `h Zm_ H$ho.
29 30
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²Ho$ àmJQ>çHo$ n{hbo _`m©Xm_mJ© {H$ò h| dm_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$s H¥$nmhr H$maU ho. Amoa Bhm§ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²Ho$
hVmo, Amoa H$moC _mJ© hVmo Zmqh. AVEd lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ àË`j Xe©ZV|hþ _wMwHw$ÝX A“rH$ma_mÌV| lrR>mHw$aOr àgÝZ hmo`Ho$ \$bXmZ H$aV h| V~ Amoa gmYZ
amOmH$m| _wpŠV Zmqh ^B©. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo dmo jÌr` hVmo. `mhrV| AmJo Om`Ho$ H$mhoH$m| H$[aòŸ!
_wMwHw$ÝX amOm ~«m÷UH$mo OÝ_ nmBHo$ H¥$VmW© ^`mo. `mgw§ _`m©Xm_maJ_| ~«m÷UHw§$hr
_wpŠV hmodo ho, AmoaHw§$ Zmqh. lr_hmà^wOr ~«m÷UŸ-ŸjÌr`Ÿ-Ÿd¡í`Ÿ-ŸeyÐŸ-ŸñÌr Vhm§ `h nydn© j hmo` Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZH² $o A“rH$ma_mÌV| lrR>mHw$aOr
g~Z²H$mo nw{ï>_mJ© àJQ> H$ar Vm_| A“rH$ma {H$ò Amoa g~Z²H$mo CÕma {H$ò h|. Š`m| àgÝZ hm|`Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo lrR>mHw$aOr Amn Oogo d«O^ŠVZ²gy§ brbm
Amoa _wpŠVhþVo A{YH$ \$bH$mo XmZ {H$ò. gmo Ego lr_hmà^wOr h|. gmo `h H$aV nade ^ò h| Vmhr ^m§{Vgm| brbm ^rVaHo$ (Ÿ{OZ OrdZ²H$m|Ÿ) lr_hmà^wOr
OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hVŸh|Ÿ: Amn A“rH$ma {H$ò h| Vo Ordhþ lrR>mHw$aOrHw§$ ~hmoV {à` hmoV h|. VmV|
lrR>mHw$aOr CZHw§$ \$bXmZ H$[ado_| gmYZ Zmqh XoIV h|, gmYZ {~Zm hr \$bXmZ
ñÌr-eyÐmÚwÕ¥{V-j_: H$aV h|.
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\$bXmZ H$aV h|. Omo lr_hmà^wOr Amn H$m¡Z ^m§{Vgm| A“rH$ma H$aV h|Ÿ? Vhm§
AnZo gm_Ï`© H$[a g~ OrdZ²Ho$ CÕma H$[ado_| lr_hmà^wOrhr g_W© h|. H$hV h|Ÿ:
VmV| ñÌrŸ-ŸeyÐm{XH$ gH$bH$mo CÕma {H$ò h|Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
A“rH¥$Vm¡ g_`m©Xmo
14
A“rH¥ $ Ë`¡ d Jmo n re-dëb^rH¥ $ V-_mZd:Ÿ& lr_hmà^wOr ^pŠV_mJ©H$s _`m©Xm g{hV OrdH$mo A“rH$ma H$[adodmao h|.
15
A“rH¥$Vm¡ g_`m©Xmo 16_hmH$mé{UH$mo 17{d^w:Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
Omo A“rH$ma {dfo ^pŠV_mJ©H$s _`m©Xm Ho$gr hoŸ? gmo H$hV h| Omo
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo nw{ï>_maJH$mo \$b Vmo d«O^ŠVZ²H$m| {gÕ ^`mo ho. lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²Ho$ A“rH$maV| nhbo Ord `m| OmZo Omo H$hm _¢ _wpŠVhþVo
Vhm§hþ gmYZ Xo{I`V h|. gmo H$hmŸ? Omo KaH$mo n[aË`mJ H$[a gd©ê$n lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| A{YH$ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo gmjmV² gå~ÝY nm`Ho$ H¥$VmW© hmoC§JmoŸ! Amoa
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Amnw Om OrdH$mo A“rH$ma H$a| VmH$m| nw{ï>nwéfmoÎm_ XmZ H$ao h|. gmo {~Zm gmYZ Omo ""Vw_ _m|H$mo AnZmo H$amo''. gmo `m ^m§{V àmW©Zm H$[a O~ AmnH$s eaU Amdo
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ñdrH$ma H$ao h| OmoŸ""`h _oamo ho''. V~ lrR>mHw$aOr Amn \$bXmZ H$a|. gmo `m
A“rH¥$Ë`¡d Jmonre-dëb^rH¥$V-_mZd: ar{Vgm| A“rH$ma H$aV h|.
A“rH$ma_mÌ H$[aH|$ gmjmV² lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {à` H$ao h| Ord {OZZ| Ego
lrAmMm`©Or h|.
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31 32
_hmH$mé{UH$: AXo`XmZXj…
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A~ `h gÝXoh hmo` Omo nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ \$bH$m| {gÕ H$aZdmamo A~ Vm§B Z Z Om gHo$ VmHw§$ Xodo_| gm_Ï`©dmZ h|. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ŸH$ømo.
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{d^w: Xy[a H$[adoH$m| H$hVŸh|Ÿ:
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Amoa H$Nw> Vmo {dMma {H$`mo Zm§hr Vmo XodoH$mo gm_Ï`© H$hm§Vo hmo`Ÿ? lrAmMm`©Or CXmaVm g{hV XmVm h|. Ho$db XmVm Amoa CXmaŸ-ŸXmVm _| BVZmo AÝVa ho Omo
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20
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h|Ÿ:
33 34
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`h Zm_ H$ømo.
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Z Om{V hmo`Jr! `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
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H$adm`mo. Omo `h g~ _moh Amgwar OrdZ²Hw§$ ^`mo. Amoa X¡dr Ord Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHw§$ bmJV ho n[a CîUH$mb_| gømo Zmqh OmV. n[a lr_hmà^wOr Vmo Abm¡{H$H$
J^©_| Xo{IHo$ `h OmZo Omo `h Vmo lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ h|, H$hm ^`mo Omo J^©_| AmòŸ! Ap½Zê$n, lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ _wIma{dÝXê$n, AmZÝXê$n h|. gmo gXm {à` h|,
Omo `h BZH$s brbm ho Amoa `h Vmo h_mao ajH$ h| `h Om{ZHo$ ñVw{Vhr {H$ò H$~hþ A{à` Zmht h|. Amn Abm¡{H$H$ Ap½Zê$n hmo`donahþ gXm {à` hmoV h| `h
h|. Vogohr X¡dr Ord OmZV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOr lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ê$n h| Amoa h_mamo OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$ho.
CÕma H$aZdmao h|. Amoa Oo Agwa h| Vo AmnHo$ bm¡{H$H$dV² AmMaU Xo{IHo$ _mo{hV
hmoV h|. gmo `m| H$hV h| Omo Amn Amoa g~ bmoJZ²H$s Zm§B© bm¡{H$H$ h|. Omo `m|hr
OmZV ho. `h OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hoŸ&&11Ÿ&& A~ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo bmoH$_| Omo {à` nXmW© ho dmo H$~hþH$ H$moC {Z{_Îm
21 nmBHo$ A{à` hmoV ho. gmo `h gÝXoh Xya H$[adoHw§$ H$hV h|Ÿ:
d¡ í dmZamo 22 dëb^m»`… 23 gÐy n mo 24{hVH¥ $ V² gVm_² Ÿ &
25
OZ-{ejm-H¥$Vo H¥$îU-^pŠV-H¥$Z² 26{Z{Iboï>X:Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
gÐyn:
bmoH$_| {à` Vmo gwI ho. Amoa ñÌr-nwÌm{XH$ Oo {à` hmoV h| gmo H$~hþH$
A~ ò e‘>m hmoV ho Omo XmofZ²gy§ àMya OrdZ²H$mo CÕma Amn Ho$go H$aV h|Ÿ?
gwI CnmOmdV h| VmhrVo {à` hmoV h| na gwIê$n Vmo Zmqh h|. VmhrVo H$~hþH$
Vhm§ `h H$hV h|Ÿ:
A{à`hþ hmoV h|. Amoa lr_hmà^wOr Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wIma{dÝXê$n gpÀMXmZÝX
gwIê$n h|. VmhrV| lr_hmà^wOr Amn gXm {à` h|. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_
d¡ídmZa… H$ømo.
lr_hmà^wOr Abm¡{H$H$ Ap½Zê$n h|.
35 36
^ò h|. gmo `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo godH$Z²Hw§$ AnZoŸ-ŸAnZo ^md H$[aHo$ ^m§{VŸ-Ÿ^m§{VHo$
_ZmoaW CnOV hm|BJo, V~ Om godH$H$mo _ZmoaW nyU© ^`mo Z hmoBJmo Vm godH$Hw§$ Amn godm H$[aHo$ g~Z²Hw§$ {gIm` gmo BVZmo AmnHw$ H$hm à`moOZ hVmoŸ?
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²_| àr{V KQ>Vr hmo`JrŸ? `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoH$m| Zm_ gmo gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
H$hV h|Ÿ:
{Z{Iboï>X…
gVm§ {hVH¥$V² lrAmMm`©Or gH$b Bï>-dmpÄN>VHo$ Xo`dodmao h|.
lrAmMm`©Or g^r ^ŠVZ²H$mo {hV H$[adodmao h|.
`{X Amn BVZmo l_ H$[aHo$ godm àH$ma Zmqh {gImdVo Vmo H$moC OmZVmo
AmnHo$ {OVZo godH$ h| Vo OoŸ-ŸOo ^md H$[aHo$ OoŸ-ŸOo _ZmoaWZ²gy§ godm H$aV Zmqh. Amoa `m _mJ©_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo gå~ÝY hr \$bê$n ho gmo dmo {gÕ Z hmoVmo,
h| {VZHo$ gJao _ZmoaW {gÕ H$[a CZH$s godmH$mo A“rH$ma H$aV h|. n[a CZHo$ V~ "{Z{Iboï>X:' Z H$hdmdVo. VmV| `mhrHo${bò AmnwZ BVZmo l_ {H$`mo ho. `h
_ZmoaW nyU© H$[ado_| H$~hþ {dbå~ Zmqh g{h gH$V h|. VmV| g~Z²Hw§$ àr{Vhr hmoV OVm`doHo${bò "{Z{Iboï>X:' `h Zm_ H$ho h|Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
ho. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ømo.
27
gd© b jU-gånÝZ… 28 lrH¥ $ îUkmZXmo 29Jw é …Ÿ&&
A~ H$hV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOr AnZmo ñdê$n, nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$b Am{X 30
ñdmZÝXVw p ÝXb… 31 nÙXbm`V{dbmo M Z…Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
g~Z²Hw§$ H${hHo$ ~Vmò n[a lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godmH$mo ñdê$n Zmqh ~Vmò. gmo Š`m|Ÿ?
Omo dmo Vmo dMZgy§ ~Vm`mo Zmqh Om gHo$. VmhrV| AmnwZ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm
H$[aHo$ godH$Z²Hw§$ {gImdV h|. gmo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: ^pŠV_mJ© Vmo ÔZH$mo _mJ© ho. Vm_| AZoH$ ^mdZ²gm| ÔZ ho. gmo O~ Vm§B©
g~ ^mdZ² g{hV ^pŠVH$mo XmZ Z H$a| V~ Vm§B© "{Z{Iboï>X:' Z H$hdmd|. gmo
H$hV h|Ÿ:
OZ-{ejm-H¥$Vo H¥$îU-^pŠV-H¥$V²
`Ú{n nwamUŸ-ŸAmJ__| godmàH$ma H$ho h| n[a dhm§ Vmo nyOm_mJ©H$s ar{Vgy§
gd©bjUgånÝZ…
lrnyU©nwê$fmoÎm_Ho$ A§eŸ-Ÿ{d^y{VH$s godmH$mo àH$ma H$ømo ho. gmo H$m¡Z ^m§{Vgm|Ÿ?
Omo Chm§ Omo XodVm h| gmo Vmo _ÝÌHo$ AmYrZ h| Amoa lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Vmo _ÝÌHo$ lrAmMm`©Or gd©XmZ H$[adoHo$ gm_Ï`©gm| nyU© h|.
AmYrZ Zmqh h|, Ho$db ^pŠVHo$ AmYrZ h|. VmhrV| CZ emñÌZ²_| lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_Ho$
godmH$mo àH$ma Zmqh H$ømo ho. Vmgm| `{X lr_hmà^wOr AmnwZ godm H$[aHo$ {VZ ^mdZ²H$mo XmZ Vmo O~ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ {OVZo bjU h| Vo g~ bjU
nw{ï>^pŠV_mJu` godmH$mo àH$ma Z {gImdVo Vmo godH$Z²Hw§$ nw{ï>_mJ©H$s godmH$mo hm|B V~ hmo` gHo$. lr_hmà^wOr_| gmo g~ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ bjU h| `h OVm`doHw§$
kmZ Zmqh hmoVmo. V~ godH$ nyOm_mJ©H$s ar{Vgm| godm H$aVo, V~ "nw{ï>_mJu`' `h Zm_ H$ho.
Z H$hdmdVo, nyOm_mJu` hmoB OmVo. VmhrV| AmnwZ godm H$[a ~Vm`; Amoa
nyOm_mJ©V| V~ Ý`mar ar{V OVmò. dmH$mo àH$ma godH$Z²Hw§$ OVmò V~ nw{ï>_mJu` A~ lr_hmà^wOr Omo XmZ H$aV h| gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
37 38
lrH¥$îU-kmZX… A~ H$hV h| Omo lrH${nbXodOrZo AnZo _mV¥MaUHo$ à{V `moJ_mJ©H$mo
agê$n d«O^ŠVZ² g{hV nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ \$bê$n Omo lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ {VZHo$ CnXoe H$aVo g_` _`m©Xm^pŠV_mJ©H$mohþ CnXoe {H$`mo. n[a lrAmMm`©Or Vmo
ñdê$nH$mo kmZ XoZdmao h|. EH$ nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ© N>m§{S>Ho$ Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo {Zê$nU {H$ò ZmqhŸ! gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ kmZHo$ àH$ma Vmo lrJrVmŸ- ñdmZÝXVwpÝXb…
Ÿlr^mJdVm{XH$_| H$ho h|, {VZgw§ kmZ hmo`, VmV| lr_hmà^wOr Amn H$hm kmZ lr_hmà^wOr AJ{UV AmZÝXgy§ nwï> h|.
XoV h|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo JrVmŸ-Ÿ^mJdV_| Omo kmZ àJQ> H$ømo ho Vhm§ H$hþ§
""lrR>mHw$aOr OJV²_| ì`m{n aho h|, kmZê$n h|'' `m ^m§{Vgm| H$ømo ho. n[a lr_hmà^wOr Amn Ho$go h|Ÿ? Omo lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Oo AJ{UV AmZÝX Vmgy§
"agê$n' àJQ> Zmqh H$ømo ho. VmhrVo Omo lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ godH$ h| {VZHo$ _Z_| nwï> h|. `mV| AÝ` _maJH$mo \$b Amoa ~mV g~ AmnHw§$ VwÀN> bmJV ho. Amoa
do ~mV| AmdV Zmqh. AmnwZ²_| Omo AmZÝX ho gmo g~ dñVwH$m| ^wbmdZdmamo ho, `mhrV| Amoa dñVwH$mo
ñ_aU AmnHw§$
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmoV ho Omo lrewH$XodOr, lrH${nbXodOr, lrZmaXOr Zmht hmoV ho. `mhrV| nw{ï>_mJ© N>m§{‹S>Ho$ AÝ` ^pŠV_mJ©Z²H$mo
BË`m{XH$ kmZHo$ XoZdmao h| Vmo lr_hmà^wOr_| H$hm {deof hoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo {Zê$nU Amn Zmqh {H$ò. `h OVm`doHw§$ "ñdmZÝXVwpÝXb…' `h
lrewH$XodOr, lrZmaXOr, lrH${nbXodOr ò Oo h| gmo Vmo _`m©Xm_maJr` h|; Amoa
Zm_ H$ho.
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Vmo nw{ï>_maJr` h|. gmo BZH$mo {X`mo kmZ gmo nw{ï>_maJr`
ho `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|.
A~ Amoahþ AmJo H$hV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOr Amn AmZÝXgy§ nwï> h| `h Om{Z
Ho$go n‹S>oŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vhm§ `h gÝXoh hmoV ho Omo lr_hmà^wOr kmZ XoV h| Vhm§ H$maU H$hmŸ?
gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
nÙ-Xbm`V-{dbmoMZ…
Jwé… H$_bH$s n§Iw‹S>rH$s Zm§B ~‹S>o h| ZoÌ {OZHo$ Ego lr_hmà^wOr h|.
lrAmMm`©Or nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ Jwé h|.
ZoÌZ²H$m| H$_bH$s Cn_m Xr{Z VmV| `h OmZZmo Omo Oogo H$_bHw§$ Xo{IdodmaoHw§$
H$_b gwIê$n hmoB, grVb hmoB, bmb aoImZ²H$[a g{hV hmoB Amoa gwJÝY`wŠV
_mJ©H$mo Omo CnXoe H$aZdmamo hmo`, _mJ©H$mo Omo \$b XoZdmamo hmo` gmo
hmoB. Vmhr ^m§{Vgm| lr_hmà^wOrHo$ ZoÌZ²H$mo Xe©Z Omo ^ŠV H$aV h| {VZH$m| na_
_mJ©H$mo "Jwé' H$hdmdo. Oogo lrH${nbXodOr gm§»`_mJ©Ho$ Jwé h| Vmhr ^m§{Vgm|
gwI XoZdmao h|, gmo grVb Amoa bmb aoImHo$ g{hV h|. Amoa AmnHo$ öX`_| Omo
lr_hmà^wOr nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo CnXoe H$aZdmao h| Amoa \$bHo$ XoZdmao h|. VmhrV| `m
AmZÝX ho gmo ZoÌH$_b_| Om{Z n‹S>V ho. `h OZm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hoŸ&&13Ÿ&&
nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ Jwé lr_hmà^wOr Amn h| `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho. 32
H¥ $ nm-ÑJ² - d¥ { ï> - g§ ö ï> Ÿ -ŸXmgXmgr{à`… 33n{V…Ÿ&&
39 40
34
amofÑŠnmVgåßbwï>-^ŠV{ÛQ²> 35^ŠVgo{dV…Ÿ&&14Ÿ&& Zm_ H$hoŸ&&14Ÿ&&
36
A~ H$hV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOrHo$ H$Q>mjZ²H$mo ^ŠVZ²_| H$hm H$m`© hoŸ? V~ gw I go ì `mo 37 Xw a mamÜ`mo 38 Xw b © ^ m[”« g amo é h…Ÿ&
H$hV h|Ÿ: 39
CJ« à Vmnmo 40dmŠgrYw - ny [ aVmeo f -go d H$…Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&
H¥$nm-ÑJ²-d¥{ï>-g§öï>-Xmg-Xmgr-{à`… A~ H$hV h| Omo AmnHo$ godH$ Vmo ~hmoV h| Amoa CZHo$ ^mdZ² H$[aHo$
gmo H$hV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOr Amn Ho$go h|Ÿ! Omo AnZo godH$Z²Ho$ D$na _ZmoaWhþ ~hmoV h|. gmo Om godH$H$mo _ZmoaW Amn nyaU Zmqh H$aV hmoB§Jo gmo dmo
H¥$nmŸ-ŸH$Q>mjZ²H$s dfm© H$aV h|. Vmgm| Omo A{V AmZpÝXV XmgŸ-ŸXmgr h| {VZHw§$ godH$ ^br^m§{V gmo AmnH$s godm Zmqh H$aV hmoBJmoŸ! gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
Amn A{V{à` h|.
gwIgoì`…
n{V… `Ú{n lr_hmà^wOrZ²Ho$ godH$ ~hmoV h| n[a ^ŠV Om ^md H$[a Om ar{Vgm|
n{V dmo H$ømo Om` Omo ñd`§ {Z^©` hmo` Aé AnZo eaUmJVHw$hþ {Z^©` godm H$[adoH$s BÀN>m H$aV h| Vm ^m§{Vgm| Amn dmHo$ gd© _ZmoaW nyU© H$[a dmH$mo
H$[a gHo$. gmo Ego n{V lrAmMm`©Or h|. Amnw ñd`§ H$mb-H$_©-ñd^mdm{XHo$ A“rH$ma H$aV h|. gmo Ego Amn na_ X`mb h|. `mhrV| g~ ^ŠVZ² H$[aHo$ gwIgy§
^`gm| a{hV h| Aé AmnwHo$ eaUmJV {eî`Z²Hw§$ hþ H$mbm{XHo$ ^`gm| _wŠV goBdoHw§$ `mo½` h|. `mVo `h Zm_ H$ho.
H$[adodmao h| Vmgm| `h Zm_ H$ømo ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo Oogo ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ gwIH$[aHo$ goBdoHw§$ `mo½` h| Vmhr ^m§{Vgm|
A~ H$hV h| Omo bmoH$_| Amgwar Ord h| gmo X¡dr OrdZ²Ho$ eÌw h|. do AmoaZ²Hw§$ goBdo `mo½` hm|`JoŸ! Vhm§ A~ AmnH$mo AJbmo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ godH$Z²H$mo Ûof H$aV h|. gmo BZ AgwaZ²V| godH$Z²H$m| ^` ho. gmo
lr_hmà^wOr Amnw `h ^` Xy[a H$aZdmao h|. gmo H$hV h|Ÿ: XwamamÜ`…
^ŠVŸ-ŸgodH$Z²H$s XoImXoIr lr_hmà^wOrH$s ~‹S>mB© gw{ZHo$ Omo godm H$aV
amof-ÑŠnmV-gåßbwï>-^ŠV-{ÛQ²> h| {VZHw§$ Amn H$~hþ§H$ gÝVmof _mÌ CnOmdV h|; n[a ^br^m§{Vgm| dmH$mo {Zdm©h
lr_hmà^wOr Amn Ho$go h| Omo ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Oo Ûofr h| {VZHo$ D$na H«$moY g{hV Zmqh hmoV ho. `h OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$ho h| "XwamamÜ`…'.
H$Q>mj S>m[a {VZH$m| ^ñ_ H$sZo h|. gmo Vmgm| `h OVmò Omo Oo ^ŠVZ²H$m| Ûof H$aV
h| {VZH$mo Amn ^ñ_ H$aVŸh|. Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo Vw_ ^ŠVH$m| "gwIgoì`' H$hV hmo O~ AmoaZ²H$m|
^ŠV-go{dV… H$ï>hþgm| gÝVmof_mÌ CnOo n[a godo Zmqh OmBª, gmo Š`m|Ÿ? Vhm§ A~ H$hV h|Ÿ:
A~ H$hV h| Omo O~ lr_hmà^wOr ^ŠVH$mo Abm¡{H$H$ H$m`© {gÕ H$aV
h| V~ ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ Omo AmZÝX hmoV ho Vmgy§ ^ŠV lrAmMm`©OrH$s godm_| EH$ Xwb©^m§{K«-gamoéh…
jU_mÌhþH$mo {dbå~ g{h gH$V Zmqh, {ZaÝVa godm H$aV ho `h OVm`doHw§$ `h
A^ŠVZ²H$§w Xw…I H$[aHo$ nmBdoH$§w `mo½` h| MaUH$_b {OZHo$ Ego lr_hmà^wOr
41 42
Amn h|. h|Ÿ:
A~ H$hV h| Omo ^ŠVZ²hþHw§$ AmnHo$ MaUma{dÝXH$s àmpßV Am{V©ê$n Xw…I lr^mJdV-nr`yf-g_wÐ-_WZ-j_…

H$[aHo$ hmoV ho Vhm§ A^ŠVZ²Hw§$ AmnHo$ MaUma{dÝXH$s àmpßV H$hm§Vo hmoB©Ÿ! `h lr_hmà^wOr Amn lr^mJdVê$nr A_¥Vg_wÐHo$ ^rVa Omo gma ho VmHo$
OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho Omo A^ŠVZ²Hw§$ Xw…I H$[aHo$ nmBdoHw§$ `mo½` h| MaUH$_b _{Wdo_| g_W© h|.
{OZHo$ Ego lr_hmà^wOr Amn h|. Vmgm| A^ŠVZ²Hw§$ àmpßV Zmht hmoV ho.
AmnHo$ godH$Z²Hw§$ Omo Vmn hVmo Omo `m _mJ©_| AmBHo$hþ lr^mJdVH$mo AW©
CJ«-à-Vmn… Z OmZ|. gmo Vmgm| lrgw~mo{YZrOr Am{XHo$ dMZm_¥V Amnw {H$ò. Vm H$[aHo$
A^ŠVZ²gm| Agø ho VoO {OZH$mo Ego lr_hmà^wOr Amn h|. gmo A^ŠVZ²gm| g~Z²Hw§$ lr^mJdVHo$ AW© OVm`Ho$ Vmn Xy[a {H$ò.
{ZH$Q> aømohþ Z Om` Vmo gå~ÝY H$hm§Vo hmo`Ÿ! `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
VËgma^yV-amg-ñÌr-^md-ny[aV-{dJ«h…
A~ H$hV h| Omo AmnHo$ VoOHw$ Agø H$ho Vmo ^ŠVZ²hþH$m| Agø hmoBJmoŸ! lr^mJdVê$nr g_wÐ_| gmaê$nr d«O^ŠVZ²H$mo Omo ^md Vmgm| ny[aV h|
`h gÝXoh Xy[aH$[adoHo${bE `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: ñdê$n {OZH$mo Eg| lr_hmà^wOr Amn h|.
XyYV| A_¥V CÎm_ ho VmhrV| XyYHo$ g_wÐ_| _WZ H$aV A_¥V {ZH$ñ`mo ho.
dmŠgrYw-ny[aVmeof-godH$… Bhm§ Vmo lr^mJdV ho gmo A_¥Vg_wÐê$n ho. gmo ^mJdVê$nr A_¥Vg_wÐH$mo gma
lr_hmà^wOr AnZo dMZm_¥V H$[a ~m{ha-^rVagy§ AnZo godH$Z²Hw§$ nyU© d«O^ŠVZ²H$mo ^md ho. jrag_wÐ_|Vo àJQ>o A_¥VH$mo ^moJ H$aZdmao Oogo XodVm h|
{H$ò h| Ego Amn na_ X`mb h|. Vmhr ^m§{Vgm| lr^mJdVê$nr A_¥Vg_wÐ_|Vo àH$Q>o d«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ ^mdH$mo AZw^d
H$aZdmao Amn lr_hmà^wOr h|. Amoa H$moB© Egmo Zmqh. Amoa XodVmZ²Ho$ Vmo A_¥V
^rVahr aømo ho Amoa lr_hmà^wOr Amn Vmo ~mha Amoa ^rVa gånyU© h|. `h
dMZH$m| A_¥V Omo H$ho VmH$[a Oogo A_¥V g~ BpÝÐ`Z²Hw§$ gwI CnOmdZdmamo
OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hoŸ&&16Ÿ&&
hmoB, g~ Vmn Xy[a H$ao Vm ^m§{V lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ dMZhþ g~Z²H$m| gwI CnOmdZdmao
hmoB Vmn Xy[a H$aZdmao h|. `mhrgm| godH$Z²V| lr_hmà^wOrZ²H$mo VoO gømo OmV
43
ho. Š`m| Omo dMZm_¥Vgm| nyU© ho. AmoaZ²gm| Zmqh gømo OmVŸ&&15Ÿ&& gmpÝZÜ`-_mÌ-XÎm-lrH¥$îU-ào_m 44{d_wpŠVX…Ÿ&&
45
amgbrb¡H$-VmËn`©… 46H¥$n`¡VV²-H$Wm-àX…Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&
41
lr^mJdV-nr`yfŸ-Ÿg_wÐ-_WZ-j_…Ÿ&&
42
VËgma^yV-amg-ñÌrŸ-Ÿ^md-ny[aV-{dJ«h…Ÿ&&16Ÿ&& A~ H$hV h| Omo Š`m| Om{Zò Omo ^md gånyU© hoŸ! Vhm§ AmJo Amoahþ AmnH$mo
Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
A~ AmJo H$hV h|, lr_hmà^wOr Amn lr^mJdVHo$ AW©H$mo {Zê$nU
H$[aHo$ AnZo godH$Z²H$mo Vmn Xy[a H$aZdmao h|. `h OVmBdoHw§$ AmJoH$mo Zm_ H$hV gmpÝZÜ`-_mÌ-XÎm-lrH¥$îU-ào_m
43 44
lrAmMm`©Or AnwZo gmpÝZÜ` _mÌ H$[a lrH¥$îUào_H$mo XmZ H$[adodmao h|. _w»` A{^àm` ho `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
Omo dñVw ñd`§ gånyU© hmoB© gmo dñVw AmoaZ²Hw§$ Amn XoB gHo$. lr_hmà^wOr A~ lrAmMm`©Or Amoa àH$maV| hþ nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$b A{YH$ OVmò h|
Amn Vmo ^mdaggm| nyU© h| Vmgm| AmoaZ²hþH$m| AnZo gmpÝZÜ`_mÌ H$[a lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ VmHo${bò AJbmo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
ào_H$mo XmZ H$aV h|, Zmqh Vmo Z hmoB©. gmo `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho Omo
d«O^ŠVZ² g{hV \$bê$n lrnyU©néfmoÎm_ h| {VZ_| ào_agH$mo XmZ H$aV h|. H¥$n`m EVV²-H$Wm-àX…
H¥$nm H$[aHo$ Amn amgbrbmH$s dmVm©H$mo AZw^d H$amdZdmaoŸh|.
Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo lrH¥$îUHo$ ào_agH$mo XmZ H$aV h| Vm_| H$hm H$maU hoŸ? {OZ godH$Z²Ho$ D$na H¥$nm H$[a Amn amgbrbmH$s dmVm©H$mo AZw^d
`h gÝXoh Xya H$[adoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: H$amdV h| {VZH$mo AZw^d hmoB. Amoa Ohm§ H¥$nm {~Zm H$hV h| Vhm§ AWm©Zw^d
Zmqh hmoV ho. Vmo godH$Z²H$m| O~ amgbrbmH$mo AZw^d H$hV h| V~ `m| OmZV
{d_wpŠVX… h| Omo nw{ï>_maJH$mo \$b ~‹S>mo ho. V~ godH$Z²H$m| g§`moJ Amoa {d`moJ XmoD$ agZ²H$mo
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo gmjmV² gå~ÝY, Omo nw{ï>_mJu` _wpŠV ho, VmHo$ XoZdmao h|. AZw^d hmoV hoŸ&&17Ÿ&&
47
Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo Oogo _`m©Xm_maJ_| gm`wÁ` _w»` \$b ho Vm ^m§{V {dahmZw^d¡H$mW©Ÿ-Ÿgd©Ë`mJmonXoeH$…Ÿ&&
48
nw{ï>_maJ_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo gå~ÝY _w»` ho. Amoa Oo _wŠV ^ò {VZHw§$ \o$[a g§gma ^ŠË`mMmamo n Xo ï >m M 49 H$_© _ mJ© à dV© H $…Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&
Z hmoB Vmhr ^m§{V gmjmV² gå~ÝY Oo nmò {VZH$m| \o$[a g§gma H$~hþ Zht hmo`
ho `h OVmò. amgbrbmHo$ AZw^dHo$ XmZgm| à^wHo$ g§`moJ-{d`moJ XmoC agZ²H$mo AZw^d
`Ú{n ^ŠVZ²H$m| hmoV ho VWm{n Ho$db {dà`moJ_| dmH$s ^m§{VŸ-Ÿ^m§{VH$s AdñWm
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ \$bH$mo gd© _mJ©Z²Ho$ \$bV| Omo H$~hþH$ {dH$bVm hmoB, H$~hþH$ ^JdÐyn hmoB {dbmn H$ao BË`m{XH$mo AZw^d
A{YH$ à_mUnyd©H$ {Zê$nU {H$ò h| gmo H$hV h| : ^ŠVZ²H$m| H$am`doHo$ Vm§B© ""g~ dñVwZ²H$mo Ë`mJ H$amo'' Ego CnXoe H$aV h|Ÿ:
amg-brb¡H$-VmËn`©… {dahmZw^d¡H$mW©Ÿ-Ÿgd©Ë`mJmonXoeH$…
amgbrbm_| hr _w»` A{^àm` ho Ego lrAmMm`©Or h|. Om nw{ï>_mJuV| Ka_| ^JdËgodm Zmht ~Zr gH$V dmH$m| ^Jd{Ûà`moJmZw^d_|
à{V~ÝYH$ Ego J¥hm{XH$Z²H$mo Ë`mJ H$[adoH$mo CnXoe H$[admao lrAmMm`©Or h|.
`{X _wpŠV nw{ï>_maJHo$ \$bV| A{YH$ hmoB© Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr nhbo amgH«$s‹S>m
H$[a nmN>| ~«÷mZÝXH$mo AZw^d H$amdVo Aé lr^mJdV_|hþ Vog| hr dU©Z H$aVo. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo (Ÿà{V~ÝY H$[adodmaoŸ) Ka_| ahoVo Vmo gmo AdñWm Zmqh
n[a Egmo Zmht {H$ò. Vmgm| ñdê$nmZÝXH$mo AZw^d H$aZmo ~«÷mZÝX Aé _wpŠV hmo`Jr. VmhrV| Ë`mJH$mo CnXoe H$aV h|. Amoa lr_hmà^wOr Amnw Omo _`m©Xm
V|hþ A{YH$ ho. VmV| òhr _w»`-A{YH$ \$b ho. VmV| amgbrbm_|hr lr_hmà^wOrH$mo ~m§Yr ho Vmhr ar{Vgm| Omo aho Vmo Egmo ^md hmo` `h hþ OVm`.
45 46
kmZ H$am`doHo$ AW© `k {H$ò. gmo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
A~ ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ godH$Z²_| pñWaVm hmoB VmHo${bò ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo CnXoe
XoV h| `h OVm`doHo${bò Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: `mJmXm¡ ^pŠV_mJ£H$-gmYZËdmonXoeH$…
`k-`mJm{X H$_© ^pŠV_mJ©_| AmdVo à{V~ÝYZ²H$m| Xy[a H$[adodmao h| (ŸEog§
^ŠË`mMmamonXoï>m {dZHo$ gmYZnZoH$mo CnXoe H$[adodmaoŸ).
^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ AmMmaH$mo CnXoe H$[adodmao Amn h|.
^pŠV_maJ_| XmoB ~‹S>o AnamY h|Ÿ: EH$ Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrHw§$ N>m§{‹S>Ho$ Amoa
^pŠV_mJ©H$mo AmMma H$hmŸ? Omo lrR>mHw$aOrgy§ H$Nw> \$bdmÄN>Zm Zmqh XodVmH$mo gå~ÝY Amoa 2.Ÿnw{ï>_maJHo$ \$bHo$ nm`do_| à{V~ÝY OmVo \$b{g{Õ
H$aZr Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrHw$ hr \$bê$n Om{ZHo$ godm H$aZr BË`m{X Omo ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo Z hmoB. gmo lr_hmà^wOr Amn `k {H$E gmo H$moZ ^m§{Vgm| Omo `k_| g~
AmMma ho {VZH$mo CnXoe H$aZdmao h|. Amoa CnXoehþ Amn ñd`§ AmMaU H$[aHo$ XodVmZ²Hw§$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s {d^y{V Om{ZHo$ Amoa A§eŸ-ŸgodH$ Om{ZHo$ `k^mJ {Xò
H$aZdmao h| `h OVmBdoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ømo. h|. VmV| AmJohþ Omo H$moC `k H$ao gmo BÝÐm{XH$ Oo `kZ²_| XodVm h| {VZHw§$
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s {d^y{V A§eŸ-ŸgodH$ Om{ZHo$ AmXa gÝ_mZ H$ao, n[a ñdVÝÌ Z
OmZ|. `m H$[aHo$ AÝ`ml` Xy[a {H$ò. Amoa Amnw `km{XH$mo \$b òhr {dMmao Omo
H$_©-_mJ©-àdV©H$…
^pŠV_mJ©H$m| nmBdo_| {OVZmo à{V~ÝY ho gmo g~ Xy[a hmoBJmo. VmH$[aHo$ godH$Z²H$m|hþ
lrAmMm`©Or H$_©_mJ©Ho$hþ àdV©H$ h|. {ejm {Xò Omo Vw_ `kŸ-ŸXmZm{X H$[ado_| Amoa \$b {dMmamohþ _{V. `hr {dMm`m}
H$amo Omo ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo \$b nmBdo_| `mV| à{V~ÝY Xy[a hm|BJo. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h
A{^àm` `h ho Omo `{X Amn AnZo godH$Z²Hw§$ Ho$db ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo hr Zm_ H$ho.
CnXoe H$aVo, dUm©l_Y_© Nw>‹S>dmBHo$, Vmo godH$Z²H$m| Vmo \$b hmoB OmVmo n[a Oo
~{h_w©I h| {VZH$m| `m _mJ©_| Xmof~w{Õ AmdVr Omo ""~«m÷U `m _mJ©_| AmòVo `Ú{n lrAmMm`©Or `km{XH$_© ñdr` {eî`Z²Hw§$ {ejm Xo`doHo$ AW© H$ao
AnZmo Y_© N>m§{‹S>Ho$ eyÐ hmoB OmV h|''-`m ^m§{Vgmo ~{h_w©IZ²Hw§$ Xmof~w{Õ VWm{n H$moB© ~{h_w©IHw§$ Egr e‘>m hmo` Omo doX_| `kH$mo \$b Vmo ñdJ©bmoH$H$s
AmdVr. n[a ^pŠV_mJ© Vmo {ZXm}f ho. n[a Oogo H$mhþHw$ Xmof~w{Õ Z Amdo Vog| àmpßV H$hr ho Vmo Amn Omo `k {H$ò gmo ñdJ©bmoH$Ho$ nmBdoHo${bò {H$ò hmoB§JoŸ?
H$_©_mJ©H$mohþ Amnw CnXoe {H$`mo Omo g~ H$moB AnZmo H$_© H$amo; Amoa N>m§‹S>mo _{V. gmo Egr e‘>m Xy[a H$[adoH$m| `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
`h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ŸH$hoŸ&&18Ÿ&&
50
nyUm©ZÝX…
`mJmXm¡ ^pŠV_mJ£ H $-gmYZËdmo n Xo e H$…Ÿ&&
51
Amn nyU©-AJ{UV AmZÝXdmao h|.
nyUm©ZÝX… 52nyU©H$m_mo 53dmŠn{Va² 54{d~wYoída…Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&
Amn Vmo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ AmZÝXgm| gånyU© h|. gmo ñdJm©{XH$_| Omo AmZÝX
A~ H$hV h| Omo lr_hmà^wOrZo AnZo godH$Z²Ho$ ^pŠV_mJ© gå~pÝY g~ ho gmo Vmo nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ AmZÝXH$mo A§e _mÌ ho. VmhrV| AmnHw§$ dmH$s dmÄN>Zm Zmqh
AnamY Xy[a H$[adoHo$ AW© Aé AnZo godH$Z²H$m| `mJm{XHo$ dmñV{dH$ ñdê$nH$mo ho. VmV| AmnZo `km{X ñdJ©bmoH$ nmBdoHw§$ Zmqh {H$ò.
47 48
{d~wYío da…
Vhm§ H$moB H$ho Omo ñÌrŸ-ŸnwÌm{XH$ nmBdoHw§$ `km{XH$ {H$ò hm|BJoŸ? `h e‘>m ^pŠV_maJr` Oo kmZr h| {VZHw§$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo kmZ XoZdmao
Xy[a H$[adoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hoŸ: lr_hmà^wOr h| `h OVmBdoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hoŸ&&19Ÿ&&
55
nyU©H$m_… H¥ $ îUZm_ghòñ` dŠVm 56^ŠVnamÙ…Ÿ&&
57
bmoH$_| dmpÄN>V Omo nwÌm{XH$Z²H$mo gwI gmoD$ lr_hmà^wOrH$m| g~V| A{YH$ ^ŠË`mMmamo n Xo e mW© Ÿ -ŸZmZmdmŠ`{Zê$nH$…Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&
àmßV ho.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo kmZ lrAmMm`©Or H$m¡Z ar{Vgm|
gmo H$m¡Z ^m§{VŸ? Omo lrAŠH$mOr g[aIo npËZ Amoa lrJmonrZmWOr- XoV h|Ÿ? gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
lrJwgm§B©Or garIo AmnHo$ nwÌ h|. VmV| bm¡{H$H$
gwIHo${bò `kŸ-Ÿ`mJm{X Zmqh {H$E {H$ÝVw ^ŠVZ²H$m| {ejm Xo`doHo${bò H¥$îU-Zm_-ghòñ` dŠVm
`kŸ-Ÿ`mJm{X {H$ò h|. {ejm H$hmŸ? Omo `km{X Vmo H$amo n[a ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ \$b_| H¥$îU Oo _ybê$n nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ {VZHo$ ghòZm_Ho$ àJQ> H$aZdmao Amn h|.
AmdVo à{V~ÝY h| {VZHw§$ Xy[a H$[adoHw§$ H$amo.
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ hOma Zm_ Vmo d¡eånm`Zm{XH$hþ

lrAmMm`©Or O~ AmoaZ²hþH$s H$m_Zm nyaU H$aZdmao h| Vmo Amnwhþ nyU©H$m_ {H$ò h|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h|, n[a doX nwamUZ²_| à{gÕ Zm_ Vo H$ho h|; Amoa Amn Vmo
hmoB§Johr dm_| H$hm H$hZmoŸ! `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho. \$bê$n, lr^mJdV_| {OZH$mo {Zê$nU ho Ego, nyaUnwéfmoÎm_Ho$ brbmg{hV
Zm_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU {H$ò h|; Amoa H$moD$ Zmqh {H$ò. `mgy§ `h Zm_ H$ho.
dmŠn{V…
lr_hmà^wOrHo$ godH$ XmoB ^m§{VHo$ h|. {H$VZoH$Z²Hw§$ godm-H$Wm H$aV Xe{dYbrbmZ²gm| {d{eï> lrH¥$îUHo$ hOma Zm_Z²H$mo H$WZ Š`m| Amdí`H$
H$_©_|hþ _Zdmao h| Amoa {H$VZoH$ Ego h| Omo {VZH$m| Ho$db godm-H$Wm_| hr _Z hVmo gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
ho. lr_hmà^wOr {dZ g~Z²H$mo _ZmoaW nyaU H$aV h|. Oo godH$ `km{XH$ H$aV
h| V~ g~ hmo_Ðì`H$mo A“rH$ma Amn H$[aHo$ godH$Ho$ _ZmoaW {gÕ H$aV h|.
^ŠV-namÙ…
H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Amn à^wHo$ _wIma{dÝXñWmZr Ap½Zñdê$n h|. `mhrV| O~ AmoaZ²Ho$
_ZmoaW nyaU H$aV h| V~ AmnwZ nyaU _ZmoaW hmoBJ| dm_| H$hm H$hZmoŸ! `{X lrAmMm`©Or lrH¥$îUHo$ hOma Zm_ àJQ> Z H$aVo Vmo godH$Z²H$m|
lr^mJdVHo$ AW©H$mo kmZ Z hmoVmoŸ! V~ Amn OrdZ²Ho$ {hV H$aZdmaohþ Z
H$hdmdVo. Amoa O~ `h hOma Zm_ àJQ> {H$ò V~ g~ godH$ lr^mJdVH$mo AW©
Vhm§ A~ Amoahþ AmJo H$hV h| Omo {OZ godH$Z²H$mo kmZ_| _Z ho {VZhþHw§$ OmZo. Vm nmN>| ^ŠVHw§$ kmZ ^`mo Amoa \$b {gÕ ^`mo ho. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_
\$b Amnhr XoV h|. `h OVmBdoHw§$ A~ `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: H$ho.
49 50
Vhm§ A~ Amoa hþ AmJo ñdàH${Q>V ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo AmMaU OVmBdoHw§$ h| V~ {VZHw§$ H$_© H$[adoHw§$ g_` Vmo Zmqh gYVmo hmoBJmoŸ! Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo do
AmnH$mo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: Xmof Amnwhr Xy[a H$[a XoV h|. `h OVmBdoHw§$ H$hV h|Ÿ:
^ŠË`mMmamonXoemW©-ZmZm-dmŠ`-{Zê$nH$… ñd-XmgmW©-H¥$Vm@eof-gmYZ…
^pŠV_maJH$mo AmMaU Omo godm{XH$ VmHo$ CnXoeHo${bò ZdaËZ, ^pŠVd{Y©Zr Oo godH$ à^wgodm_| AmgŠV hmoBHo$ godm H$aV h| {VZHw§$ AnZo H$_©H$mo
BË`m{XH$ J«ÝW àJQ> {H$ò h| Ego lr_hmà^wOr Amn h|. g_` Vmo Zmqh gYV ho, V~ Xmof bJV ho. gmo Amnhr H$_©H$mo g_` gmYV h|.
Vm H$[aH|$ do Xmof Xy[a H$aVŸh|.
nyd©_| `Ú{n ""^ŠË`mMmamonXoï>m'' Zm_ H$ømo ho n[a dhm§ _mÌ AmMmaHo$ A~ H$hV h| Omo ^JdØŠVHw§$ H$_© H$[adoH$mo H$hm H$m_Ÿ? H$mho H$_© Z
CnXoe H$[admao H$ho h|. `m Zm__| dmgy§ A{YH$ AmMmaHo$ {Zê$nU H$[admao N>m§{S> XoZmoŸ? gmo `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw§$ H$hV h| Omo AmnwZ H$_© {H$ò h| Vm H$[a
J«ÝWZ²Ho$ CnXoeH$ AmnHw$ H$ho h|. Vmgy§ nwZépŠV Xmof Zht {~MmaZmoŸ&&20Ÿ&& `h OVm` Omo _|hþ H$_© H$aV hþ§. `mV| H$moC H$_© N>m§‹S>mo _{V. godm H$[aHo$ O~
59
ñdmWm}pÁPVm@{IbàmUŸ-Ÿ{à`g² 60VmÑedo {ï> V…Ÿ&& AdH$mg nmAmo V~ H$_© H$amo, `h CnXoe H$aV h|.
61
ñdXmgmW©H¥$Vm@eofgmYZ… 62gd©epŠVY¥H²$Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmoB Omo lrAmMm`©Or H$_©H$mo g_` gm{YHo$ OrdZ²Ho$ Xmof
Ho$go Xy[a H$aV hmoBJ|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
A~ H$hV h| Omo AmnHo$ godH$Z²Zo ^pŠV_maJHo$ AmMma Om{ZHo$, AmZÝX`wŠV
hmoBHo$ H$hm {H$òŸ? gmo H$hV h|Ÿ
gd©-epŠV-Y¥H²$
ñdmWm}pÁPVm{Ib-àmU-{à`… lrAmMm`©Or gd©epŠV_mZ² h| Vmgm| gd© epŠVZ²H$mo {ZJ«h H$[ado_| g_W©
h|
lrAmMm`©OrH$s godmHo$ H$mO Aé AnZo CÕmaHo${bò ^pŠV_mJ©gm| {damoYr
g~ nXmW© Oo N>m§S>o h| Ego godH$Z²Hw§$ Amn àmUhþVo {à` h|.
Amn gmYZ H$[aHo$ godH$Z²Ho$ Xmof Ho$go {Zd¥Îm H$aV hm|BJo Egr e‘>m Zmqh
H$aZr. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo Amn gd©epŠV_mZ² h| Vmgm| gd©epŠVZ²H$mo {ZJ«h H$[ado_|
lrAmMm`©Or AnZo godH$Z²Ho$ àmU{à` h| `h Š`m| Om{Z n‹S>oŸ? gmo
g_W© h|Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&
OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
62
^w { d ^pŠVàMma¡ H $H¥ $ Vo ñdmÝd`H¥ $ V² 63 {nVmŸ&&
VmÑe-do{ï>V: 64
ñdd§eo ñWm{nVm@eofñd_mhmËå`… ñ_`mnh…Ÿ&&22Ÿ&&
lrAmMm`©OrH$s godmHo$ H$mO g~ dñVw N>m§{S> ho Ego Oo godH$ h| {VZgm|
Amn gXmhr {Kaohr ahV h| Ego Amn h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo Amn {dMma {H$ò Omo AnZr àmJQ>çXem_| g~Z²Hw§$
CnXoe H$[aHo$ ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo àMma Vmo {H$ò h| n[a AmJo _oar namojXem_|
A~ H$hV h| Omo ~«m÷Um{XH$ godH$ O~ AmgpŠV H$[aHo$ à^wgodm H$aV
51 52
^pŠV_mJ©H$mo àMma OrdZ²_| Š`m| H$a hmoBJmoŸ?Ÿ`h {~Mm[aHo$ lrJmonrZmWOr Amoa
lrJwgm§B©Or Hw§$ àJQ> {H$ò. gmo H$hVŸh|Ÿ: 66
n{Vd« V mn{V… 67
nmabm¡ { H$H¡ $ {hH$XmZH¥ $ V² Ÿ &
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{ZJy T >öX`mo @ ZÝ`^ŠVo f w km{nVme`… 69Ÿ&&23Ÿ&&
^w{d ^pŠV-àMma¡H$-H¥$Vo ñdmÝd`-H¥$V²
AmJo ^y{_n| ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ àMmaHo${bò AnZo nwÌ lrJmonrZmWOr Amoa n{Vd«Vmn{V…
lrJwgm§B©Or Ho$ àJQ> H$aZdmao h|. gmo Ego Amn na_ X`mbwŸh|. Vhm§ gÝXoh hmoB Omo AmíM`© Zmqh H$aZmo Bhm§ H$maU H$hmŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|
Omo bmoH$_| nwÌHo$ JwUZ²_| {nVmŸ-Ÿ_mVmV| Omo KQ>Vr Xo{I`V h| gmo {nVmŸ-Ÿ_mVmHo$
{dÚmXmVm, Aml`XmVm, ^`_wŠV H$[adodmao hþ {nVmVwë` H$hdmdV h|. gmo Xmofgy§. Šd{MX² {nVm {ZXw©ï> hmo` {H$ÝVw _mVm Xwï> hmoB Vmohþ nwÌ_| Xmof hmoV ho. n[a
Ego àH$mamÝVHo$ {nV¥ËdH$mo dmaU H$[adoH$m| AmJoH$mo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: Bhm§ Vmo lrAmMm`©Or Amn lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wIma{dÝXê$n h| Amoa AmZÝXê$nhþ h|.
Vmhr ^m§{V lrAŠH$mOrhþ AmZÝXê$n h|. VmV| BZV| àJQ> ^ò lrJmonrZmWOr Amoa
{nVm lrJwgm§B©Or hþ lrAmMm`©OrHo$ g_mZ h| `h OmZZmo. Amoa bm¡{H$H$_| {nVmŸ-Ÿ_mVm
CÎm_ ahVhþ Šd{MV² nwÌ ~wamo hmoB Egmo Xo{Ido_| AmdV ho. Vhm§ OrdH$mo AÑï>
lrAmMm`©Or lrJwgm§B©Or-lrJmonrZmWOrHo$ OZH$ {nVm h|.
{Z{_Îm OmZZmo. gmo Vmo lrJmonrZmWOr Aé lrJwgm§B©Or _| gå^do Zmqh. gmo
H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo AÑï> Vmo OrdHw§$ bJo n[a B©ídaHw§$ Zmqh bJo. lrJmonrZmWOr Aé
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo {nVmHo$ g_mZ `{X nwÌ Z hmoB Vmo {nVmH$mo H$mO lrJwgm§B©Or Vmo B©ída h|. VmhrVo lrJmonrZmWOr Amoa lrJwgm§B©Or {nVmHo$ g_mZ
nwÌgy§ Ho$go {H$`mo OmBŸ? gmo lrJwgm§B©Or Amn {nVmVwë` Z hmoB Vmo AmJo h|, {dZ_| ôX Zmqh.
^pŠV_mJ©H$mo àMma Ho$go hmoBŸ? Vmgm| A~ H$hV h|Ÿ:
A~ H$hV h| Oogo bmoH$_| n{Vd«Vm nËZrH$mo n{V AnZr nËZrno AZwamJ
ñd-d§eo ñWm{nVm@eof-ñd-_mhmËå`… amIV ho dogohr lr_hmà^wOr Amnw ^pŠV_maJH$mo AmMaU H$adodmao n{Vd«VmHo$
lrAmMm`©Or Amn Ho$go h|Ÿ? Omo AnZmo g~ _mhmËå`-g~ Y_© AnZo n{V h| Amoa {dZHo$ D$na AZwamJ amIV h|.
nwÌZ²_| amIo h|. VmV| Oogo lrAmMm`©Or Amn h| VogoB AmnHo$ nwÌ h|. {VZ_| ôX
Zmqh OmZZmo. `m Vahgy§ lrAmMm`©OrHo$ d§eH$s lrAmMm`©OrHo$ g“ Vwë`VmH$mo {Zê$nU
H$[aHo$ ñdr` OZZ²H$m| Eo{hH$-nmabm¡{H$H$ gd© \$b Xo`dodmao hþ Amn hr h| gmo
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or AmnZo-AnZo nwÌZ²_| AnZoŸg~ Y_© amIo `h H$hV h|Ÿ:
~‹S>mo AmíM`© hoŸ! `h gÝXoh Xya H$[adoHw§$ H$hVŸh|Ÿ:
nma-bm¡{H$H¡${hH$-XmZ-H¥$V²
ñ_`mnh… ^JdËgå~ÝY Omgy§ {gÕ hmo` Egmo Eo{hH$ Amoa nmabm¡{H$H$ \$bH$mo XmZ
g~ AmíM`©Ho$ Xy[a H$aZdmao lrAmMm`©Or Amn h|. VmV| AmíM`© Zmqh H$[adodmao lrAmMm`©Or h|.
H$aZmo. VmV| `h Zm_ H$hoŸ&&22Ÿ&&
53 54
71
AÑï> Am{Xgy§ (ŸAWdm ^JdËgå~ÝY a{hV bm¡{H$H$ {dMmagy§ H$ao OmVo ^pŠV_mJ} gd© _ mJ© - d¡ b jÊ`mZw ^ y { VH¥ $ V² Ÿ &&24Ÿ&&
Y_m©{X nwéfmW©gy§Ÿ) Omo ór-nwÌ-YZm{XH$ àmßV hmoV h| Vo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ gå~ÝYr
Zmqh hmoV h|. Amoa lr_hmà^wOr Amn (Ÿ^pŠV_mJu` nwéfmW©H$mo MVw:íbmoH$s, A~ H$hV h| Omo H$~hþH$ lrAmMm`©Ho$ godH$ nyOm_mJu`Z²H$mo g“ H$[aHo$
^pŠVd{Y©Zr, {ZamoYbjU, {Z~ÝYm{X J«ÝWZ²Ûmam ~moY H$amBHo$ Abm¡{H$H$- OmZ| Omo nyOm_mJ© Amoa ^pŠV_mJ© EH$ ho. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo godm XmoC R>moa ho. gmo
^JdËgå~pÝY Y_m©{X nwéfmW©gŸ§y ) Omo XmZ H$aV h| gmo {VZH$mo {d{Z`moJ lrR>mHw$aOr_| Vmgm| nyOm_mJ©_| ^«{_V ^ò OrdHw§$ Amn AnZo _mJ©H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ dm
hmoV ho, gmo ^JdXr` hmoV h|. Amoa Omo H$moB `m| H$ho Ho$ CÎm_ AÑï>(ŸnwÊ`Ÿ)gy§ _mJ©_|Vo H$m{T>Ho$ \o$[a AnZo _mJ©_| bmdV h|. gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
VrW©dmg hmoBHo$ dm VrW©_| hr _aU hmo`do na CÎm_ nmabm¡{H$H$ \$b {_bV ho,
Ego hr CÎm_ AÑï>gm| new-nwÌm{Xê$n Eo{hH$ \$b hþ {_bV ho. gmo VmH$mo g_mYmZ
ò OmZZmo Omo ^JdËgå~ÝY Omgy§ {gÕ hmo` Egmo Eo{hH$ Amoa nmabm¡{H$H$ \$b CnmgZm{X-_mJm©{V-_w½Y-_moh-{ZdmaH$…
Vmo lrAmMm`©Or hr XoB gHo$ h|. nyOm_mJ© Am{X _mJ©Z²Hw§$ {dZ_mJ©Ho$ bmoJZ²Ho$ g“V| ^pŠV_mJ© g_{OHo$ Omo
ñd_mJu` {eî` {dZ _mJ©_| àd¥Îm hmoV h| {VZHw§$ Amn ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo {Zê$nU H$[a
\o$[a AnZo _mJ©_| bmdV h|.
Egmo \$b lrAmMm`©Or Amn H$~ XoB§JoŸ? Amoa H$moZ àH$ma XoB§JoŸ? `h
gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw§$ H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vhm§ nyd©nj hmo` Omo ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo {Zê$nU _mÌ H$[aHo$ godH$Z²H$mo AkmZ
Ho$go Xy[a hmoV hoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
{ZJyT>-öX`…
lrAmM`©OrH$mo öX` AË`ÝV JyT> ho.
^pŠV-_mJ} gd©-_mJ©Ÿ-Ÿd¡bjÊ`mZw^y{VH¥$V²
lrAmMm`©Or AnwZo godH$Z²gm| ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h| Amoa Xygao
lrAmMm`©Or Amn B©ída h|. VmhrVo BZH$mo öX` Om{Zdmo AeŠ` ho. n[a
_mJ©Z²H$s Anojm ^pŠV_maJH$s Ý`mar arV Aé CÎm_Vm H$mo AZw^d H$amdV h|.
Amn na_X`mb h|. VmV| \$bXmZ_| gÝXoh Zmqh H$aZmo. n[a \$b H$~ XoB§Jo `h
Om{Z Zmqh naV ho.
gmo H$moZ ^m§{VŸ? Omo nyOm_mJ©_| Om XodVmH$s nyOm H$[a`V h| gmo XodVm
_ÝÌHo$ AmYrZ hmoV h|, do lrR>mHw$aOrH$s {d^y{V h|, nyaUnwéfmoÎm_ Zmqh. Amoa
Vhm§ `h gÝXoh hmoB Omo lrAmMm`©Or AnZr BÀN>m H$moC godH$gm| Zmqh
^pŠV_mJ©_| goì` lrnwéfmoÎm_ h| gmo _ÝÌHo$ AmYrZ Zmqh h| Ho$db ^pŠVHo$
H$hV h| Ho$ H$moCH$m| OVmdV h|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
AYrZ h|. VmV| ""Vy ^pŠV_maJ N>m§{S>Ho$ nyOm_maJ_| Š`m| J`moŸ? \o$ar ^pŠV_maJ_|
AmCŸ!'' gmo `m ^m§{V godH$Z²Hw§$ AnZo _maJ_| bmdV h|. gmo `h OVm`doHw§$ `h
AZÝ`-^ŠVofw km{nVme`… Zm_ H$hoŸ&&24Ÿ&&
nX²_Zm^Xmg à^¥{V g[aIo AZÝ` AÝVa“ ^ŠV_| AnZmo AÝV…H$aU {OZ
OVm`mo ho Ego lrAmMm`©Or Amn h|Ÿ&&23Ÿ&& 72
n¥ W H² $ -eaU-_mJm} n Xo ï >m 73 lrH¥ $ îU-hmX© { dV² Ÿ &&
70
CnmgZm{X-_mJm© { VŸ-Ÿ_w ½ Y-_mo h -{ZdmaH$…Ÿ&& 74
à{VjU-{ZHw$ÄOñWŸ-Ÿbrbm-ag-gwny[aV:Ÿ&&25Ÿ&&
55 56
Amoa d«OdmgrZ²H$mo CÎm_ A{YH$ma Xo{I CZH$m| AnZr eaU ~wbmB ñdê$nmZÝXH$mo
A~ H$hV h| Omo eaU_mJ©H$mo n`©dgmZhþ nwéfmoÎm__| ~Vm`mo ho gmo H$hm AnZmo AZw^d H$amò Amoa AOw©ZH$m| `wÕ H$[adoH$s àoaUm XrZr. `h g~
eaU_mJ© Amoa ^pŠV_mJ© EH$ hr hoŸ? gmo H$hVŸh|Ÿ: lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ A{^àm`Ho$ OmZZdmao lr_hmà^wOr h| VmV| `h Zm_ H$ho.
n¥WH²$-eaU-_mJm}nXoeï>m lr_hmà^wOr `h OmZ| Omo lrnyaUnwéfmoÎm_H$mo _Z Vmo d«O^ŠVZ²gm| brbmag_|

Ý`mgmXoe Am{X J«ÝWZ² Ûmam ^pŠV_mJ©gy§ n¥WH²$ eaU_mJ©H$mo CnXoe _½Z ahV ho VmV| Amnhþ brbmag_| _½Z ahV h|. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV
H$[adodmao lrAmMm`©Or h|. h|Ÿ:
eaU_mJ©hþ XmoB ^m§{VH$mo hoŸ: EH$ nw{ï>_maJr` Amoa Xygamo _`m©Xm_maJr`. à{V-jU-{ZHw$ÄO-ñW-brbm-ag-gwny[aV:
V~ nw{ï>_maJr` H$moZgmoŸ? gmo H$hV h| Omo BÝÐ d«O_| dfm© {H$ò V~ d«Odmgr à{VjU {ZHw$ÄOñW Oo lrnyaUnwéfmoÎm_ {VZH$s Omo d«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ gmW
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s eaU_| Amò gmo dh eaU_mJ© nw{ï>_mJu` ho. V~ Oo eaU Amò brbm VmHo$ aggy§ ~m{haŸ-Ÿ^rVagm| Oo nyU© h| Ego lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Amn
{VZH$mo Amn A“rH$ma H$[a lrJmodY©Z YmaU H$[a ajm {H$ò Amoa gmV {XZ Vm§B h|Ÿ&&25Ÿ&&
75
ñdê$nmZÝXH$mo AZw^d H$amò. Amoa Oo eaU_mJ©H$mo \$b _wpŠV {_bV ho gmo VËH$Wm{jßV{MÎmg² 76VX²Ÿ•Ÿ{dñ_¥VmÝ`mo 77d«O{à`:Ÿ&&
_`m©Xm_mJu` eaU_mJ© H$ømo OmVm ho. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w `m ^m§{Vgmo 78
{à`d«OpñW{V: 79nw{ï>Ÿ•ŸbrbmH$Vm© 80ah…{à`:Ÿ&&26Ÿ&&
Ý`maoŸ-ŸÝ`mao eaU_mJ©H$mo CnXoe H$ao h| `h OVm`doHw§$ ò Zm_ H$ho.
Vhm§ `h gÝXoh hmoB Omo ag `{X öX`_| nyaU hmoBJmo Vmo ^ŠVZ²H$m| ~m{ha
eaU_mJ© nwéfmoÎm_ n`©dgm`r hmo`do na hþ dmH$mo ^pŠV_maJgm| {^ÝZ Ho$go Om{Z n‹S>oJmoŸ? `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hoŸ:
{Zê$nU Š`m| {H$òŸ? gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
VV²-H$Wm{jßV-{MÎm:
lrH¥$îU-hmX©-{dV² amgbrbmH$s agdmVm©_| ^br^m§{V {namo`mo ho _Z {OZH$mo Ego lrAmMm`©Or
\$bmË_H$ Ego lrH¥$îUHo$ A{^àm`Hw§$ Om{Zdodmao lrAmMm`©OrŸh|. Amn h|.
lrR>mHw$aOr OrdH$mo A{YH$ma Xo{IHo$ _maJH$mo CnXoe H$aV h|. AVEd Egr ^JdËH$Wm_| {MÎmdmao hmoBdogm| {ZaÝVa AnZo {ZO godH$Z²gm| agdmVm©
AOw©ZH$mo _`m©Xmnw{ï>_| A{YH$ma hVmo VmV| CnXoehþ dogmo {H$ò. gmo H$m¡Z ^m§{VŸ? H$hV h|. VmV| godH$ OmZo h| Omo Amn brbmaggm| nyaU h|. Amoahþ H$hV h| Omo
Omo AOw©Zgm| `m| H$ho Omo ""Vy _oar eaU Amd, _| Voao nmnZ²Hw§$ Xy[a H$ê§$Jmo'' gmo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_H$s EH$ g§`moJbrbm ho Amoa EH$ {d`moJbrbm ho. gmo O~ Amn
ò _`m©Xm_maJH$mo A§e ho. gmo H$mhoŸ? Omo eaU AmòH$mo H$Nw> (ŸA{YH$Ÿ) \$b g§`moJgy§ nyU© hmoV h| V~ ~m{haŸ-Ÿ^rVa gånyU© h| Amoa brbmH$mo AZw^d H$aV
Zmqh, Ho$db nmn Xy[a hmoB§Jo, VmV| _`m©XmH$mo A§e. Amoa `m nmnH$mo \$b Omo MoZgy§ ~¡R>o ahV h|. Amoa {d`moJbrbmaggy§ O~ nyU© hmoV h| V~ aømo Z Om`. VmV|
emoH$; dmH$m| Xy[a H$[ado_| gmYZ Amnw hr ~Z|Jo Ego H$hr AnZr eaU ~wbmò agdmVm© g~Z²gm| H${h H$mb{Zdm©h H$aV h|. V~ godH$ OmZV h| Omo Amn
gmo `h nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo A§e ho. VmV| AOw©ZH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma XoI| Vogmo CnXoe {H$ò.
57 58
{d`moJaggm| nyU© Ho$db AmZÝXê$n h|. hoŸ? `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHo${bò AmnH$mo `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
A~ H$hV h| Omo Amn agH$s H$Wm H$hV h| Vmo H$hm AmoaŸdmVm© H$aV nw{ï>-brbm-H$Vm©
ZmqhŸ? gmo `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$adoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hVŸh|. lrR>mHw$aOr Oo amgbrbm {H$ò gmo d«Ohr_| {H$ò. `h Om{Z lrAmMm`©Or
_hmà^w d«Ohr_| aho. Amnhþ amgbrbmH$mo AZw^d H$aV h| Amoa godH$Z²H$m|hþ
VpX²dñ_¥VmÝ`: amgbrbmH$mo àH$ma OZmdV h|. `h OZmBdoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
amgbrbmH$s agdmVm© H$[a ^ybo h| ag{déÕ gJao nXmW© {OZZ| Eg|
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Amn h|. ah:-{à`:
EH$mÝV ho {à` {OZH$m| Ego lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Amn h|.
`m H$[a `h OVmò Omo {OZ dñVyZ²gy§ brbmH$s gw{Y Z Amdo gmo AmnH$m|
dñVw {à` Zmqh. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo amgbrbmH$mo AZw^d EH$mÝVhr_| hmoB. `mV| EH$mÝV ~mohmoV
^mdV hoŸ&&26Ÿ&&
gmo Š`m| Om{Zò gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
81
^ŠVo À N> m ny a H$: 82gdm© Ÿ •ŸkmVbrbmo @ {V_mo h Z: 83Ÿ&&
84
d«O-{à`: gdm©gŠVmo 85^ŠV_mÌmgŠV: 86n{VVnmdZ:Ÿ&&27Ÿ&&
d«O ho {à` {OZH$m| Ego Amn h|. `m H$[a `h OVmò Omo d«OH$m| Xo{IHo$
brbmH$s ~hmoV gwY Amd{V ho. VmV| d«O {à` bmJV ho. A~ H$hV h| Omo godH$Z²H$m| H$~hþ§H$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s nw{ï>brbm Om{ZdoH$s
Am{V© Xo{IHo$ AmnwZhr CZgm| nw{ï>brbm H${h CZH$s Am{V© Xy[a H$aV h|. `h
A~ H$hV h| Omo d«O {à` ho `h Š`m| Om{Z naoŸ? gmo H$hV h|Ÿ: OVm`doHo${bò `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
{à`-d«O-pñW{V: ^ŠVoÀN>m-nyaH$:
{à` ho d«O_| pñW{V {OZHw§$ Ego Amn h|. ^ŠVZ²H$s BÀN>m nyaZ H$aZdmao lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Amn h|.
d«O `{X {à` Z hmoB Vmo Chm§ pñW{V Z H$a|. `m H$[a `h OVmò Omo d«O A~ H$hV h| Omo nw{ï>brbm Om{ZdoH$s ^ŠVZ²H$s Ama{VHw§$ Xo{IHo$ Oogo
~hmoV {à` ho. nw{ï>brbm H${h {dZH$s Ama{V Xy[a H$aV h| Vm ^m§{V AmnwZ²H$m| hmodVo agH$mo
AZw^dhþ godH$Z²gm| H$hV hmoB§JoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vhm§ `h gÝXoh hmoB Omo d«O {à` ho n[a Chm§ pñW{V H$[adoH$mo à`moOZ H$hm
59 60
gdm©@kmV-brb: A~ AnZo godH$Z²no A{VH¥$nm H$aV h| gmo EH$ AÝ` àH$maV| H$hV h|Ÿ:
gd© ^ŠVZ² H$[ahþ Z OmZr OmV ho brbm {OZH$s Ego lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w
Amn h|. n{VV-nmdZ:
AnZo nw{ï>_mJu` Oo n{VV {VZH$m| n{dÌ H$aZdmao Amn h|.
`m H$[a `h OmZZmo Omo AmnwZ²H$m| Om agH$mo AZw^d hmoV ho gmo AnZo
godH$Z²hþgm| Zmqh H$hV h|, Amoa àH$ma H$hV h|. Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmoB Omo nw{ï>_mJ©_| nmn H$hm hoŸ? gmo H$hV h| Oogo
_`m©Xm_mJ©_| dU©Y_©-Aml_Y_©gm| {déÕ AmMaU H$ao gmo "n{VV' H$hdmdo Vm
A~ H$hV h| Omo H$mhþ godH$H$m| ^m½` H$[a `h _ZmoaW hmo` Omo Amnw Om ^m§{V nw{ï>_mJ©_|hþ Omo AmMaU H$ho h| Vmg§y {déÕ AmMaU H$ao VWm Amoa(ŸAÝ`Ÿ)
agH$mo AZw^d H$aV h| gmo _|hþ OmZw§ V~ dm godH$hþH$mo _ZmoaW nyU© H$aV h|. `h _maJH$mo AmMaU H$ao gmo "nmVH$s' H$hdmdo. VmV| EgoZ²Hw§$ Amn H$ho h| Omo
OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|. ""AaoŸ! ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ AmMaUH$mo N>m§{‹S>Ho$ Vy Amoa AmMaU Š`m| H$aV hoŸ?'' `m
^m§{Vgmo CnXoe H$[aHo$ \o$[a ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo AmMaU H$admB n{VVZ²H$mo CÕma
A{V_mohZ: H$aV h|. Vmgm| `h Zm_ H$hoŸ&&27Ÿ&&
godH$H$m| H${hdo `mo½` Oo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s brbm hm|` gmo dm ^m§{Vgm| H$hV
87
h| Omo gwZV _mÌhr agH$mo Amdoe hmoV ho. Vm H$[aHo$ Ego _moh`wŠV hmoV h| Omo ñdèmoJmZg§öï>Ÿ-ŸöX`må^moO-{dï>a:Ÿ&&
88
`m| OmZV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w dmVm© H${h _oamo _ZmoaW nyU© {H$ò. gmo `m è:nr`y f bharŸ-Ÿßbm{dVmÝàg: 89 na:Ÿ&&28Ÿ&&
^m§{V godH$Z²H$m| AZw^d H$amdV h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo An{dÌZ²H$m| n{dÌ H$[adoH$mo gm_Ï`© ho `m| H$ho gmo Š`m|
Vhm§ `h e‘>m hmoV ho Omo nw{ï>^ŠVZ²H$m| agmZw^d H$amdV h| Amoagm| Zmht Om{Z n‹S>oŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
H$amdV h| Vm_| H$hm hoVwŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
ñd-èmoJmZ-g§öï>-öX`må^moO-{dï>a…
gdm©gŠV: lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wHo$ èH$mo JmZ H$[a A{V AmZpÝXV Oo ^ŠV, {VZHo$
AnZo godH$Z²V| Oo Amoa h| do dm agH$mo AZw^d H$[ado `mo½` Zmht h| VmV| ^pŠV_mJu` öX`H$_b AmgZ h| {OZHo$ Ego lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Amn h|.
Zmqh H$amdV h|, {dZH$s Cnojm H$aV h| `h OVm`doH$§w `h Zm_ H$h|.
`mH$mo A{^àm` `h ho Omo Amn ^ŠVZ²Ho$ nmn Xy[a H$aV h| Vmgm| ^ŠVZ²Ho$
^ŠV-_mÌmgŠV: _Z_| AmnH$mo è AmdV ho. V~ g~ godH$ AmZÝX`wŠV hmoV h|. Ego godH$Z²Ho$
Ho$db nw{ï>_maJr` ^ŠVZ²_| A{VH¥$nm`wŠV h|. VmVo CZH$m| agH$mo AZw^d öX`_| Amn gXm {~amOo h|.
H$admdV h|, AmoaZ²H$m| Zmqh H$admdV h|.
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmoB Omo `h Š`m| Om{Zò Omo AmnH$s godH$Z²Ho$ öX`_|
61 62
pñW{V hoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vhm§ XmoB ~ma "^rOo' H$ho VmH$mo A{^àm` `h Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$s
è:-nr`yf-bhar-ßbm{dVmÝ`-ag… H¥$nmgm| brbmaggy§ ^rOo Omo godH$ h| do AnZo nmg Oo ~¡R>V h| {VZhþ§H$m|
AnZo èê$nr A_¥VVa“V| ßbm{dV H$ar Ý`yZ H$[a {Xò h| AÝ` ag {OZZ| ^JdÐaggm| AmÐ H$[a XoV h|. Oogo ^rÁ`mo dñÌ hmo` gmo gyIo dñÌH$m| ^rÁ`mo
Ego lrAmMm`©Or h|. H$ao Vm ^m§{V. gmo Amnw AnZo godH$Z²H$m| ~m{ha-^rVagm| brbmaggm| n[anyU©
H$aV h|.
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`mH$m| A_¥V H$[aHo$ H$ho gmo Š`m|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo Oogo ñdJ©_| XodVmZ²H$m| OZmdV h| gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
A_¥Vhr OrdoH$mo H$maU ho Vm ^m§{V nw{ï>_mJ©_| AmnH$mo è ^ŠVZ²Ho$ OrdoH$mo
H$maU ho. JmodY©Z-pñWË`wËgmh:
lrJmodY©Z nd©V g_rn a{hdoH$mo gXm CËgmh ho {OZH$mo Ego Amn h|.
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmoB Omo Amn AnZo è H$[a Amoa g~ è ^wbmdV h|
gmo Š`moŸ? Vhm§ H$hV hoŸ: lrJmodY©Z nd©V g_rn a{hHo$ nd©VH$mo ñdê$nhþ OVmò Omo aËZ_`
J¡[aH$m{XYmVw(ŸJoéŸ-ŸgwdU©Ÿ)_` brbmg¥{ï>H$mo ñdê$n Egmo lrJmodY©Z nd©V ho `h
na: OVmò. Zmqh Vmo nhobo H$moC OmZV Z hVmo.
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Ho$go h|Ÿ? AjahþVo na h|, nwéfmoÎm_ê$n h|. `mV|
AnZo ag H$[a Amoa ag ^wbmdV h|Ÿ&&28Ÿ&& Vëbrbm-ào_-ny[aV:
JmodY©ZmoÕaUbrbmHo$ agV| Amn nyU© h|.
90
brbm_¥ V Ÿ-ŸagmÐm© Ð rŸ-ŸH¥ $ Vm{IbŸ-Ÿeara^¥ V ² Ÿ &&
91
JmodY©Z-pñWË`wËgmh… 92Vëbrbm-ào_-ny[aV:Ÿ&&29Ÿ&& lrR>mHw$aOr O~ JmodY©Z YmaU {H$ò, V~ BÝÐHo$ ^`V| d«Odmgr ea{U
Amò {VZH$m| g~ OrdZ²V| Ý`mao, AnZo H$[a gmV {XZ Vm§B ^yIŸ-Ÿß`mg g~ Xy[a
A~ H$hV h| Omo Amn lrR>mHw$aOrH$s brbmê$nr A_¥Vgm| godH$Z²Ho$ H$[a ñdê$nmZÝXH$mo XmZ H$[a ajm {H$ò. `h brbm H$[a àJQ> ^ò ào_gy§ nyU©
_ZmoaW ^br^m§{V nyU© H$aV h|. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: h|Ÿ&&29Ÿ&&
93
brbm_¥V-agmÐm©Ðr-H¥$Vm{Ib-eara^¥V² `k^mo Š Vm 94`kH$Vm© 95MVw d © J © { demaX:Ÿ&&
96
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo brbmê$nr Omo A_¥Vag Vmgm| ^rOohþVo ^ŠVZ²H$m| A{V ^rOo gË`à{Vk: 97{ÌJw U mVrVmo 98 Z`{demaX:Ÿ&&30Ÿ&&
{H$ò h| {OZZ| Ego Amn h|.
63 64
`k-^moŠVm
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Amnw à^wHo$ _wIma{dÝXmdVma Ap½Zñdê$n h| Vmgm| gË`-à{Vk:
`kr` h{dH$mo ^moJ H$aZdmaohþ Amnhr h|. VmV| "`k^moŠVm' nhbo H$ho. `WmW© ho à{Vkm {OZH$s Ego Amn h|.
Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmoB Omo nhbo `mJ {H$ò {~Zm `mJH$mo ^moJ Š`m| gå^doŸ? O~ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w lrR>mHw$aOrH$s AmkmV| nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo àmJQ>ç
Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: {H$ò V~ lrR>mHw$aOr `h H$ho Omo `m _mJ©_| _oao eaU Amdo {VZH$mo _¢ nw{ï>_mJu`
nwéfmW© XmZ H$[a CÕma H$ê§$Jmo. `h OVmBdoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|.
`k-H$Vm©
Omo JmodY©Z`k H$adoH$s Amkm R>mHw$aOrHo$ lr_wIV| àJQ> ^B ho Amoa Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmoB Omo A~ Vm§B gË`à{Vkm Vmo H$mhþH$s Z XoIr Vmo
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`h Zm_ H$ho. Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vhm§ A~ H$hV h| Omo lrJmodY©ZnyOm_| g~ d«OdmgrZ²g§y nyOm H$am` Omo {ÌJwUmVrV:

""Vw_ g~ `m JmodY©ZH$s nyOm H$amo'' VmH$[aHo$ g~Z²H$m| g~ nwéfmW© {gÕ {H$`mo. lrAmMm`©Or àmH¥$V JwUZ²V| a{hV h|.
gmo OVmBdoHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hoŸ:
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MVwd©J©-{demaX: Xmof`wŠV h|. VmV| CZH$s à{Vkm {gÕ Zmqh hmoV ho. Amoa lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w
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gË` à{Vkm ^B©.
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M{hò, gmo d«OdmgrZ²H$m| ñdê$nmZÝXH$mo AZw^dŸH$amò. AnZo _mJ©H$s ar{VŸ-Ÿ_`m©Xm OVmBdoHo${bò AnZo {gÕmÝVH$mo {OZ_| {Zê$nU ho
Ego J«ÝWhþ AmnZo {H$ò `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vhm§ A~ H$hV h| Omo AnZo godH$Z²H$m| nw{ï>_mJu` Y_m©W©H$m__moj {gÕ
{H$ò. Vo Y_m©{XH$ H$moZgoŸ? gmo H$hV h|Ÿ•ŸY_© Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm, AW© Vmo Z`-{demaX:
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ñdê$n, H$m_Zm Vmo lrR>mHw$aOrhrH$s, _moj Vmo Abm¡{H$H$ Xoh AnZo {gÕmÝVZ²H$mo emñÌ, {VZHo$ H$[ado_| _hm{ZnwZ Ego lrAmMm`©Or
nmBHo$ d«O ^ŠVZ²H$s Zm§B ÔZmZÝXH$mo AZw^d H$aZmo. Omo ò nwéfmW©H$mo XmZ _hmà^w Amn h|Ÿ&&30Ÿ&&
H$aV h|.
65 66
99
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101
_m`mdmXm»`Vybmp½Z: 102~«÷dmX{Zê$nH$:Ÿ&&31Ÿ&&
`m H$[a OVmò Omo Oogo éBH$s ~‹S>r D§$Mr T>oar hmoB gmo a§MH$hþ Ap½ZHo$
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lrAmMm`©Or AnZo godH$Z²_| H$s{V©Ho$ ~‹T>mdZhmao h|. lrAmMm`©OrHo$ AmJo _m`mdmX a§MH$hþ R>har gH$V Zmht.
AnZo _mJ©Ho$ J«ÝWZ²H$mo {Zê$nU {H$ò V~ godH$ ~‹S>mB© H$aZ bmJo Omo Vhm§ `h gÝXoh hmoB Omo _m`mdmX H$moZ dmX boHo$ Xy[a {H$`moŸ? gmo H$hV
AmnH$s ~am~[a H$moC Zmqh. VmV| AnZo godH$Z²_| H$s{V©Ho$ ~‹T>mdZhmao Ego h|Ÿ:
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Amn h|.
~«÷-dmX-{Zê$nH$…
A~ H$hV h| _m`mdmXm{X Omo _VdmX, {VZHo$ àJQ> H$aZdmao Omo npÊS>V ~«÷dmX, Omo Om_| g~ dñVwH$m| gË` (Ÿ~«÷mË_H$Ÿ) H$ømo ho, Vm dmXH$m|
{VZ_|hþ An{Z H$s{V© ~‹T>mò. gmo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: boHo$ _m`mdmX, Om_| g~ dñVwZ²H$m| {_Ï`m H$ømo ho, VmH$m| Xy[a {H$òŸ&&31Ÿ&&
103
VÎd-gyÌ-^mî`-àdV©H$: AàmH¥ $ Vm{Ibm-H$ënŸ-Ÿ^y { fV: 104ghOpñ_V:Ÿ&&
105
ì`mgOrHo$ Oo gyÌ h| {VZHo$ AW©H$mo {Zê$nU Om_| ho Egmo "AUw^mî`' J«ÝW {ÌbmoH$s^yfU§ 106^y{_Ÿ-Ÿ^m½`§ 107ghOgwÝXa:Ÿ&&32Ÿ&&
VmHo$ {Zê$nU H$aZdmao Amn h|.
Vhm§ nyd©nj hmoB Omo ì`mggyÌHo$ AW© Vmo e‘>amMm`m©{XH$hþ {H$ò h| Vmo AàmH¥$Vm{IbmH$ën-^y{fV:
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ_² | A{YH$Vm H$hm hoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo doX_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Abm¡{H$H$ Oo Am^yfU {VZ H$[aHo$ lrAmMm`©Or ^y{fV h|.
agmË_H$ gmH$ma ñdê$n H$ømo ho. Vm ^m§{V ì`mggyÌH$mo AW© e‘>amMm`m©{XH$
Zmqh {H$ò h|, AmnwZohr _mJ©H$s ar{Vgm| {ZamH$ma ñdê$nH$mo {Zê$nU {H$ò h|, gmo
gmo Abm¡{H$H$ Am^yfU H$m¡ZŸ? Omo ì`mggyÌHo$ Mm[a AÜ`m` h| à_mU,
Vmo doX{déÕ ho. Amoa lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w CÎm_ ar{Vgm| {Zê$nU {H$ò h|. `h
à_o`, gmYZ Amoa \$b. {VZ_| Omo MmoWmo AÜ`m` \$bê$n, Vm_| ^JdX²^mdê$n
OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho. `m H$[a npÊS>VZ²_|hþ AnZr H$s{V© ~‹T>mB©.
Abm¡{H$H$ Am^yfU, {VZ H$[a {d^y{fV h| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w. Vhm§ H$moB H$ho
Omo e‘>amMm`m©{XH$Zohþ ì`mggyÌHo$ MmoWo AÜ`m`_| AnZo _mJ©Ho$ \$b H$ho h|, n[a
Vhm§ H$moB H$ho Omo AmO H${b`wJ_| _m`mdmXHo$ AmJo g~ emñÌ Xy{fV hmoB Oogmo H$Ny> lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w \$bH$mo {Zê$nU {H$ò h| Vm ^m§{V Amoa H$moC
Jò h| Vm ^m§{V AUw^mî`hþ Xy{fV hmoB J`moŸ? `h gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw§$ `h Zm_ {Zê$nU Zmqh {H$E. VmV| Abm¡{H$H$ Am^yfU H$[a Amn `wŠV h|. gmo `h Zm_
H$hV h|Ÿ: H$ho.
_m`m-dmXm»`-Vybmp½Z: A~ `h gÝXoh hmoB Omo godH$Z²H$m| Ho$go Om{Z n‹S>oŸ? gmo OVmBdoHw§$ AJbmo
67 68
Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: ghO-gwÝXa:
godH$Z²Hw§$ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w AnZo ghO ñdê$nHo$ Xe©ZH$m| CnOmdZhmao
ghO-pñ_V: h|, H¥${Ì_ Zmqh. `m H$[a `h H$ho Omo ^ŠVZ²Ho$ ^m½`ê$n lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w
^JdX²^mdê$n Abm¡{H$H$ Am^yfU Amn YmaU {H$ò h| VmV| ^mdH$mo O~ h|Ÿ&&32Ÿ&&
108
ñ_aU hmoV ho V~ ghO _ÝXhmñ``wŠV hmoV h|. Vm H$[aHo$ godH$Z²H$m| Om{Z n‹S>V Aeof-^ŠV-gåàmÏ`©Ÿ-ŸMaUmãO-aOmo-YZ:Ÿ&&
ho Omo Amn Abm¡{H$H$ ^md`wŠV h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo ^ŠVZ²H$m| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wH$s MaUaoUw `hbmoH$
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w godH$Z²H$m| emo^m H$aZdmao h|. `h gå~ÝYr Amoa nabmoH$ gå~ÝYr nXmW© {VZH$s {g{Õ H$aZdmar ho. `h OVm`doHw§$
OVm`doHw§$ ò Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
{ÌbmoH$s^yfU_² Aeof-^ŠV-gåàmÏ`©-MaUmãO-aOmoYZ:
"{ÌbmoH$s' nX H$[a gËdJwU, aOmoJwU Amoa V_moJwU g{hV Oo godH$ Vo {OZH$s MaUaoUw Aeof^ŠVZ²H$m| `hbmoH$ VWm nabmoH$ gå~ÝYr nXmW©H$s
H${h`V h|. {ÌbmoH$_| Ego godH$Z²H$s emo^m lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wHo$ gå~ÝY {g{Õ H$aZdmar ho Ego lrAmMm`©Or h|.
H$[a ho, Amoa ^m§{V Zmqh. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$ho.
godH$Z²Ho$ `hbmoH$ gå~ÝYr nXmW© H$moZŸ? Omo godmHo${bò ñÌrŸ-ŸnwÌŸ-
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©OrHo$ MaUma{dÝXHo$ gå~ÝYV| ^y{_hþH$mo CËH$f© ŸYZm{XH$. nabmoH$ gå~ÝYr nXmW© H$moZŸ? Omo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo gå~ÝY. {VZHo$
{gÕ ^`mo. `h OVm`doHw§$ `h Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ: {gÕ hmoBdoHo${bò OVm`mo Omo g~ dñVw {g{Õ hmoBdoHo$ {dfo Omo _m§JZmo gmo Vmo
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ²Ho$ MaUma{dÝXH$s aO _m§JZr Amoa H$Ny> Z _m§JZmo.
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H$aV h|.
`mH$mo A{^àm` `h Omo ^y{_no Omo ^ŠV h| VmV| Vm{dfo lrAmMm`©Or

_hmà^w ^pŠV_mJ©H$m| àJQ> {H$ò V~ ^y{_H$mo na_ AmZÝX ^`mo Omo _mo D$na BË`mZÝX-{ZYo: àmoŠV§ ZmåZm_² Aï>moÎma§ eV_²Ÿ&&33Ÿ&&
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wH$s pñW{V ho. gmo `h Zm_ H$ho.
B{VŸ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§
A~ H$hV h| Omo `m ^m§{V AnZo Xe©Z Xo`H|$ godH$Z²Ho$ ^m½`Hw§$ ~T>m`dodmao AmZÝX{ZYo:Ÿ=ŸAmZÝXH$s {Z{YHo$ ZmåZm_²Ÿ=ŸZm_Z²Hw§$
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69 70
VXàmßVm¡ d¥Wm _moj: VXmßVm¡ VX²JVmW©VmŸ&&
Q>rH$m : AmZÝXg_wÐê$n lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w, {VZHo$ EH$gmo AmR> Zm_ h_ AV: gdm}Îm_§ ñVmoÌ§ Oß`§ H¥$îUagm{W©{^:Ÿ&&35Ÿ&&
lr{dQ²R>bZmWOr, àH$f© H$[a {Zê$nU {H$ò. Vhm§ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo
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lrJwgm§B©Or H$aV h|Ÿ&&34Ÿ&& A~ lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h| Omo `m ^m§{V Oogr _oar ~w{Õ hVr Vm ^m§{V
lrJwgm§BO© rHo$ MaUH$_bH$s H¥$nmV| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZH² $o EH$gmo AmR> Zm_Z²H$s
A~ H$hV h| Omo nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$b _wpŠVhþVo A{YH$ ho `h OVmBdoHw§$ H$hV Q>rH$m _¢ H$sZr; Amoa _m|H$mo H$moC gmYZ Z hVmo. gmo íbmoH$ A~ H$hV h|Ÿ:
h|Ÿ: `ÚÌ ~w { ÕXmo f o U {dd¥ V mdÝ`WmH¥ $ {V:Ÿ&
j_ÝËdmMm`© M aUm _X² ^ ¥ Ë `mo ` {_{V ñdV:Ÿ&&
71 72
&& lrdëb^mï>H$_² Ÿ&&
lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h| Omo H$Xm{MV² ~w{ÕHo$ XmofH$[aHo$ Q>rH$m_| h_ (3)
AÝ`Wm {H$ò hm|` Vmohþ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wHo$ MaUma{dÝX h_mar ajm H$amoŸ!
lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH¥$V Q>rH$mH$mo d«O^mfmZwdmX
Ÿ&&ŸEg| lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH¥$V gdm}Îm_ñVmoÌQ>rH$mH$s

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íbmoH$ {VZH$s Q>rH$m H$[adoHw§$ _¢ CÚV ^`mo hþ§. Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo `h Q>rH$m nyar
hmo` `mV| h_ lrJwgm§B©OrHo$ MaUH$_bH$m| Z_ñH$ma H$aV h|. `m Z_ñH$maHo$
{dídmgV| hr _¢ Q>rH$m H$[adoH$mo Amaå^ {H$`mo hþ§.
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wH$mo ñdê$n, Y_© Amoa AmnHo$ godH$

g~ `Ú{n Abm¡{H$H$ h| n[a BZH$mo OÝ_ bmoH$_| ho. Vhm§ `h gÝXoh hmoV ho Omo
bm¡{H$H$ OÝ_m{XH$ Vmo H$_©Ho$ AYrZ h|, gmo gm_mÝ` bmoH$Z²H$s Zm§B lrAmMm`©Or
Amoa godH$Z² Ho$ OÝ_m{XH$ Š`m| Xo{I`V h|Ÿ? gmo gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoHw§$ lrJwgm§B©Or
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$mo ñdê$n Oogmo ho Vogmo H$hV h|. Amoa Om ^m§{V BZH$mo
àmJQ>ç ho gmoC H$hV h|. Amoa lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w àJQ> hmo`Ho$ Omo-Omo H$m`©
{H$E Vo g~ AnZo godH$Z²gm| H$hV h|.
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lrgdm}Îm_ñVmoÌ_² lrdëb^mï>H$_²
73 74
AÝd`mW© :
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Ÿ- ŸOb{YŸ-ŸâmH«$mÝVŸ-Ÿgd©:Ÿ=Ÿ lrd¥ÝXmdZHo$ MÝÐHo$ Ûmam àH${Q>V a{gH$ nmdZ H$[adoH$m| `mo½` ho. `m ^m§{V ò brbm hþ _hm _rR>r ho. Amoa OrdZ²Ho$
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Amßbm{dV g~ hmo`dogm| Oogo AWmh hmoB Amoa CÀN>{bV Va“dV² hmoB Vm ^m§{V amgm{XH$ brbm hþ AWmh
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Omo A_¥VH$mo g_wÐ VmH$mo Omo Ádma Vmgm| O{Q>V ho g~ A“ {OZHo$ Ego
gZ²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`do na `:Ÿ=ŸOmo
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w h|. `m H$[a gXm agê$n ñdê$nH$mo {Zê$nU {H$ò.
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g_yh Oogr amgm{X brbmZ²Ho$ A_¥V{gÝYwH$m| àH$Q> {H$`mo VmV| gd©Xm {OZH$mo {Xò. V~ Oogo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ àJQ> ^ò Vm ^m§{V lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^whþ àJQ> ^ò.
A“-àË`“ Amßbm{dV hmo`dono hþ, Om VahHo$ ê$n YmaU H$[a Oogr brbm H$aZr VmV| bm¡{H$H$ nwéfH$s Zm§B àmJQ>ç Z OmZZmo. Amoa ^y{__| ~«m÷Uôfgm| àJQ>
ho VmHo$ AZw^d H$amdZ²Ho$ Ame`dmao lrH¥$îUH$s hr AmkmV| Omo A{V H$éUm hmo`doH$s Amkm ^B gmo `mV| Omo ~«m÷U g~ dU©Z²_| CÎm_ ho. Omo ^pŠV_mJ© {VZ_|
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H$[a gXm ag àH$Q> H$aZdmao Ego MÝÐ_mê$n Omo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ {VZ H$[a àJQ>
{H$`mo Omo d«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ H$mO AmZÝXg_yh Vmgm| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ²H$mo A“- Vhm§ `h nyd©nj hmo` Omo ñdê$n OmZo {~Zm eaU Š`m| OmBŸ? VmHo${bò
àË`“ ^rVa-~m{hagy§ Amßbm{dV ho. ñdê$n H$hV h|. Abm¡{H$H$ R>mHw$aHo$ _wIma{dÝXHo$ A{Yð>mVm Omo Ap½Z Vm ê$n
lrdëb^mï>H$_² lrdëb^mï>H$_²
75 76
AmZÝX_` lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wH$mo ñdê$n OmZZmo. gmo lrJwgm§B©Or H$hV h| Omo
Ego lrAmMm`©Or {VZH$s h_ eaU OmV h|. `m H$[a `h OVmò Omo g~ godH$ ^mdmW© : ho Xod, ho Ap½Zñdê$nŸ! `{X Amn `m ^yVbno àH$Q> Z hmoVo Vmo
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àmßV Zmht hmoVo Am¡a AnZo lrh[aê$n \$bgy§ a{hV ^B© `h X¡dr g¥{ï> hþ ì`W© hmo`
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lrR>mHw$aOrH$s Amkmgm|; Amoa àmJQ>çH$mo àH$ma H${hHo$ A~ lrAmMm`©Or
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{Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: Xmo` ^m§{VH$s X¡dr g¥{ï>, _`m©Xmê$n Amoa nw{ï>ê$n gmo ì`W© hmoB OmVr. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ!
Zm{d^y©`mX² ^dm§íMoX² A{Y-Ya{U-Vb§ ^yVZmWmo{XVmgZ²Ÿ- Omo àJQ> Z hmoVo Vmo ò Xmo` H$m`© {gÕ Z hmoVo : nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ gmYZ Amoa \$bZ²
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KmofmYre§ VXo_o H$W_{n _ZwOm: àmßZw`wa² Z¡d X¡dr ho VmHo$ gmYZ doX_| H$ho h| Vmo doXHo$ gmYZ g~ H$moC H$a|Jo, Vmgy§ _wpŠV hmo`Jr.
Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr _`m©Xm_mJ©Ho$ gmYZ Amoa \$b H$ho h|, Vm ^m§{VH$mo kmZ H$mhþH$mo
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hmo` Vmo \$b{g{Õ hmo` Vm ^m§{VH$mo kmZ Zmht Vmo \$b hþ Zmht Vhm§ g§Xoh hþ Zmht.
Vhm§ `h gÝXoh hmoV ho Omo Amoa H$mhþH$mo kmZ Š`m| ZmhtŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo
XodŸ!Ÿ=Ÿho Xod ^yVZmWmo{XVm@gÝ_mJ©ÜdmÝVmÝYVwë`m _`m©Xm_mJ©Ho$ gmYZ {OZ_| H$ho h| Ego Omo doXdmŠ` {VZ²H$mo g~ H$moC AnZo _ZHo$
d¡ídmZaŸ!Ÿ=Ÿho d¡ídmZa àMm[aV AgZ² _mJ©ê$n AZwgma AW© H$[aHo$ H$hZ bmJo, VmV| gmYZhþ AZoH$ ^m§{VHo$ H$hZ bmJo. Vhm§
MoX²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X, ^dmZ²Ÿ=ŸAmn AÝYH$magm| AÝYogo hmo` OmVo H$hV h| Omo AZoH$ _VZ²H$mo _yb H$hmŸ? gmo H$hV h| Omo lr_hmXodH$[a àJQ> {H$ò
A{YYa{UVb§Ÿ=Ÿ^yVbna H$W_{nŸ=ŸH$mhþ àmH$magm| gmo _mohemó {VZ_| AnZoŸ-ŸAnZo _ZHo$ AZwgma AW© H$[a _`m©Xm_mJ©Ho$ gmYZ
Amoa \$b H$hZ bmJo. VmV| EH$ ^m§{VHo$ gmYZ Amoa \$b Z H$ho. Vo gmYZŸ-
ZŸ=ŸZmqh KmofmYre§Ÿ=Ÿd«OHo$ A{Yn{VHw§$
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Am{d^y©`mX²Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> hmoVo Z¡dŸ=ŸZqhhr A{ÔmZm{V'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ18Ÿ&55Ÿ) Omo ^pŠVgm| R>mHw$aHo$ ñdê$nH$mo O~ kmZ
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X¡dgJ}Ÿ=ŸXodgJ©_|, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ {ZO\$ba{hVmŸ=ŸAnZo \$bgm| a{hV H$ømo ho.
OmVm:Ÿ=ŸOZ_o^ò g¥{ï>:Ÿ=Ÿg¥{ï>
B_oŸ=Ÿò EfmŸ=Ÿò, ì`Wm©Ÿ=ŸAW© {~ZmH$s, MŸ=Ÿhr n[a _m`mdmXr emó{déÕ H$ho h| Omo EH$ {ZamH$ma ~«÷ gË` ho Amoa g~
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ho. Ord Vmo H$pënV ho'' gmo `m ^m§{V O~ H$hV h| V~ CnXoeH$m| bodZdmamo
H$hV hoŸ: ""_| ~«÷ hþ§ -_| ~«÷ hþ§''. `m ^m§{V O~ H$hV ho V~ OrdH$mo Zme
hmoV ho. `mH$mo Zm_ _wpŠV Omo H$hV h| gmo Z ~Zo. H$mhoVoŸ? Omo _wpŠV Vmo nwéfmW©
77 78
ho. Vmo OrdH$mo Zme ^`mo V~ \$bH$mo AZw^d H$moZ H$aoJmoŸ? VmV| CZH$mo _V ho. VmV| {Vhmao àmJQ>çVo nhbo H$moC gmYZ OmZV Z hVmo. gmo Vw_ àJQ> hmo`
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AZwgaU H$[adodmaoZ²H$m| AÝYVwë` OmZZmo. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Amgwar OrdZ²H$m| àd¥{ÎmŸ- dmJYremX²Ÿ=Ÿdm{UHo$ AYregm| lw{VJUdMgm§Ÿ=Ÿlw{VJUH$s dmUrHo$
Ÿ{Zd¥{ÎmH$mo kmZ gd©Wm hmoV Zmht. VmV| ñdm^m{dH$ AÝYËd ho. n[a X¡dr AÝ`:Ÿ=ŸXygao ^md§Ÿ=Ÿ^mdH$m|
OrdZ²H$m| Vmo _wpŠV`mo½` _mÝ`mo ho VmoD$ AgV² emóZ²Ho$ AZwgaU H$[adono Vmo dohþ AmkmVw§Ÿ=ŸAmN>r^m§{Vgm| Om{Zdo_| lrdëb^m»`Ÿ!Ÿ=Ÿho lr_hmà^wŸ!
AÝYVwë` ~{Z OmV h|. n[a gËg“V| CZH$mo AkmZmÝYH$ma O~ Xy[a hmoV ho V~ Z{hŸ=ŸZmqh òŸ=ŸOmo
_wpŠV_mJ© \o$[a gyP naV ho. VmV| lrJwgm§B©Or lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²gm| H$hV h| B©ï>oŸ=Ÿg_W© h| ËdXw{XVdMZmX²Ÿ=ŸVwåhmaoŸH$hoŸdMZZ²gm|
Omo Vw_ àJQ> hmo`Ho$ _`m©Xm_mJ©H$mo gmYZ Amoa Omo \$b hVmo gmo {Zê$nU {H$ò.
`ñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$ AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa Vahgm|
VmV| `{X Vw_ Z àJQ> hmoVo Vmo _`m©Xm_mJ©H$mo \$bhþ Z hmoVmo. gmo H$hV h| Oogo
nw{ï>_mJu` Ord h| {VZH$m| hþ nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ gmYZH$mo kmZ Z hmodVmo Vmo {dZH$m| nË`waodŸ=Ÿn{VHo$hr ê$n`pÝVŸ=Ÿ{Zê$nU H$a| h|
gmjmV² R>mHw$aH$mo gå~ÝYê$n \$bH$s àmpßV Z hmodVr. AJ«V:Ÿ=ŸAJm‹S>r VoŸ=Ÿdo
gmÜdrŸ=ŸgV² {ZgJ©{ÌXe[anwV`mŸ=Ÿñd^mdgm|hr
Ahmo XodŸ! Vw_ H«$s‹S>m H$[adoHo${bò àJQ> ^ò hmo; Amoa Ahmo d¡ídmZaŸ! dYy:Ÿ=ŸnpËZ X¡dZ²Ho$ à{V Xwî_{VHo$ H$maU
Abm¡{H$H$ Ap½Zê$n `m| H$hr `h OVmò Omo Vw__| _mJ©Z²Ho$ \$b XodoH$mo gm_Ï`© ñd^md§Ÿ=ŸAnwZo ^mdH$m| ^«mÝVmŸ=Ÿ^«{_V
79 80
àH$Q>`{VŸ=ŸàH$Q> H$ao ho Ho$dbmÝYV_moJm:Ÿ=Ÿ_mÌ- àmXw^y©VoZ ^y_m¡ d«On{V-MaUmå^moO-godm»`-dË_©Ÿ-
Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgm| AÝYÝV_-ZaH$Hw§$ àmßV hm|` h| àmH$Q>ç§ `V² H¥$V§ Vo VXwV {ZOH¥$Vo lrhþVmeo{V _ÝòŸ&&
`ñ_mX² Apñ_Z² pñWVmo `pËH$_{n H$W_{n Šdmß`wnmhVw_© ² BÀN>Ÿ-
^mdmW© : dmUrHo$ n{VHo$ {gdm` Xygamo H$moD$ lw{VJUZ²Ho$ dMZHo$ ^mdHw§$ Ë`Õm VX² Jmo{nHo$e: ñddXZH$_bo Mméhmgo H$amo{VŸ&&4Ÿ&&
OZm`do_| g_W© Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo n{Vd«Vm ór AnZo n{VHo$ AmJo hr AnZo
Ame`Hw§$ àH$Q> H$ao ho. Vmgy§ ho lrdëb^mMm`©Ÿ! Omo bmoJ AmnHo$ H$ho dMZZ²gy§ lrhþVmeŸ!Ÿ=Ÿho A{¾Ÿ!,^y_m¡Ÿ=Ÿ^y{_no {ZOH¥$VoŸ=Ÿ{ZO^ŠVZ²Ho$
AÝ`Wm doXZ²H$mo AW© H$ho h|, do ñd^mdgy§ hr AgwaàH¥${V hmo`dogy§ ^«mÝV hmo`doV|
AW© {H$`mo ho
Ho$db AÝYV_Hy§$ àmßV hmoV h|.
àmXw^y©VoZŸ=ŸàH$Q> hmo`H|$ B{VŸ=ŸEgmo
VoŸ=Ÿdmo, `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo _ÝòŸ=Ÿ_mZw§ hþ§
Q>rH$m : lrJwgm§B©Or H$hV h|, lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²V| AÝ` H$moD$ doXH$mo
A{^àm` Om{Zdo_| g_W© Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Oogo n{Vd«Vm ór hmoB© gmo AnZmo d«On{VMaUmå^moOgodm»`dË_©àmH$Q>ç§Ÿ= `ñ_mX²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$
A{^àm` n{VhrHo$ AmJo àJQ> H$ao ho Vm ^m§{V doX hþ dmŠn{V lrAmMm`©OrHo$ d«On{VHo$ MaUH$_bH$s godmHo$- Apñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿ`m_|
gÝ_wI hr AnZmo A{^àm` àH$Q> H$ao h|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? doXdMZ R>mHw$aHo$ h|. Zm_dmao _mJ©H$mo Omo àmH$Q>ç pñWVmoŸ=Ÿaømo ^`mo
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w R>mHw$aHo$ _wIma{dÝXê$n h|. gmo dMZH$mo n{V Vmo _wI hr H¥$V§Ÿ=Ÿ{H$`mo ho, VX²Ÿ=Ÿdmo `pËH$_{nŸ=ŸOmoŸH$Nw>^r
hmoV ho. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w doXHo$ n{V h|. AVEd nwéfmoÎm_H$mo hr _w»` CVŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§ H$W_{nŸ=ŸH$moB©^r Vahgy§
H$[a {Zê$nU H$aV h|; Xygao XodVmZ²H$mo R>mHw$aHo$ A§e H$[a, {d^y{V H$[a, godH$
Šdm{nŸ=ŸH$hþ§^r
H$[a {Zê$nU H$aV h|. VmV| n{V hr n{Vd«Vm órH$mo A{^àm` OmZV ho. Vm ^m§{V
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w hr doXH$mo A{^àm` OmZV h|, Amoa H$moC OmZV Zmht. CnmhVw©_²Ÿ=ŸXo`doHw§$ Jmo{nHo$e:Ÿ=ŸJmonrZ²Ho$ B©e
Vmgm| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w doXH$mo Omo AW© {H$ò Vmgy§ Omo {déÕ H$hV h| Vo BÀN>{VŸ=ŸBÀN>m H$ao ho MméhmgoŸ=Ÿh§gVo ^ò
^«mÝV h|, {dZH$m| Amgwar Ord OmZZo. Amoa {dZH$mo H$ømo Oo H$aV h| VoD$ Amgwar AÕmŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§ ñddXZH$_boŸ=ŸAnZo _wIH$_b_|
Ord h|. gmo Amgwar OrdZ²H$m| Vmo _m`mH$s CnmgZm ho. VmH$mo \$b AÝYÝV_ hr VX²Ÿ=ŸdmHw§$ H$amo{VŸ=ŸH$ao h|
{_bo. ñdJm©{X bmoH$Z²H$s àmpßV_| `Ú{n Xw:I Zmht n[a AmZÝXhþ Zmht. gmo
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ²Ho$ àmJQ>çH$mo EH$ H$maU X¡dr g¥ï>rHw§$ gmW©H$ {H$ò gmo
^mdmW© : ho Ap½Zñdê$nŸ! ^yVb na àJQ> hmo`Ho$ AmnZo lrh[aHo$ MaUH$_bH$s
H$hoŸ&&3Ÿ&&
godm H$[adoH$mo _mJ© Omo àH$Q> {H$`mo ho gmo {ZíM` H$aHo$ AnZo VWm ^ŠVZ²Ho${bò
hr àH$Q> {H$`mo ho. `h _¢ _mZw§ hþ§. Š`m| Omo `m _mJ©_| pñWV ^ŠV H$moC dñVw,
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or `m _mJ©Ho$ àmH$Q>çH$mo Omo H$m`© {H$ò Vmgy§ Ho$gr hþ Vahgy§, H$hþ§ hþ a{hHo$ An©U H$aZmo Mmho Vmo dm dñVwHw§$ŸlrJmonrOZ-
lrR>mHw$aOrhþ àgÝZ ^ò. dëb^ AnZo gwÝXa hmñ`dmao _wIH$_b_| A“rH$ma H$ao h|Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : lrJwgm§B©Or lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²gm| H$hV h| Omo Vw_ àJQ> hmo`Ho$

81 82
d«On{V Oo lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ {VZHo$ MaUH$_bH$s godm H$[adoH$mo ò Omo godm_mJ© `ñ_mX² AmZÝXX§ lrd«OOZ-{ZMò ZmeH§$ Mmgwam½Zo:Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
^y{_no àJQ> {H$ò ho gmo AnZo gÝVmofHo${bò ho. H$mhoV|Ÿ? n{hbo `Ú{n nyOm_mJ©
hVmo n[a dm_| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$m| gÝVmof Z ^`mo. Š`m| Omo godm_mJ©_| CîUËd¡H$ñd^mdmo@{nŸ=ŸCîUËd hr ñd^md A{V{e{eadM:nwÄOnr`yfd¥{ï>:Ÿ=Ÿ
nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ goì` h| Amoa nyOm_mJ©_| {d^y{Vê$n goì` h|. godm_mJ©_| ^mdgy§ godm
hmo`do nohþ, AmV}fwŸ=ŸXwIrOZZ²n| AË`ÝV-erVb dMZê$n A_¥V-
hmoV ho Aé nyOm_mJ©_| g_`H$m| {Z`m_H$ H$ømo ho Omo g~ H$_© H$[aHo$ _Ü`môZ_|
nyOm H$aZr. Amoa godm_| Vmo g_`H$mo {Z`_ Zmht. O~ _Z_| Amdo godm H$ao. Amoa H$s d¥{ï> g_mZ h| ^yV-XodËd§Ÿ=Ÿ_hmXodnZm|
nyOm_mJ©_| Z¡doÚ R>mHw$aOrHo$ {d^y{VHo$ AmJo YaoV| dh {d^y{V àgÝZ hmoB©. VmV| CJ«_mohmgwaZ¥fwŸ=ŸCJ«Ÿ_mohdmaoŸAgwaZ²no Z:Ÿ=ŸZht
AÑï> hmoV ho Omo Vmgy§ \$b hmoB©, ~hmoV Vmo _wpŠV hmoV ho. Amoa godm_mJ©_| Vmo Vmn§Ÿ=ŸVmnHw§$ A{nŸ=Ÿ^r `ñ_mX²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$
g_{n©V dñVwH$m| nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ gmjmV² Amamo{JHo$ \$bV|hþ A{YH$ Omo \$b, Oo AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§ `wJnV²Ÿ=ŸEH$gmW EVV²Ÿ=Ÿò, lrd«OOZ{ZMòŸ=
d«O^ŠVZ²H$m| ^`mo, VmH$mo XmZ H$aV h|. VmV| godm_mJ©_| nyOm_mJ©gm| ~‹S>r Hw$d©Z²Ÿ=ŸH$aVo ^ò d«OOZ²X|` h|
{dbjUVm ho. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wH$m|hþ nyOm_mJ©_| gÝVmof Z ^`mo. VmV|
Ëd§Ÿ=ŸVw_Ÿ/ŸAmn AmZÝX_ = AmZÝX X|` h|
^pŠV_mJ© àJQ> {H$ò.
ñdpñ_Z²Ÿ=ŸAnZo_| Amgwam½Zo:Ÿ=ŸAmgwar Ap½ZHo$
H¥$îUmñ`Vm§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s _wIma{dÝXVmHw§$
Vhm§ lrJwgm§B©Or H$hV h| Ahmo hþVmeŸ! Ap½Zê$n H$ho. Oogmo ^pŠV_mJ©
ZmeH§$Ÿ=ŸZme H$[adodmao h|
àJQ> H$[adoH$mo gm_Ï`© ho Vogo Vw_ hmo. Amoa h_H$m| hþ Vw__| ~hmoV {dídmg ho.
gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vw_ H$[a àJQ> {H$`mo Omo _mJ© Vm_| Omo H$moC H$m`© dm_| _Z H$[a àH$Q>`{gŸ=ŸàH$Q>ŸH$amoŸhmo, MŸ=ŸAmoa MŸ=Ÿ^r
pñW{V hmoB©. gmo H$moZ ^m§{VŸ? earaH$mo {d{Z`moJ R>mHw$aH$s godm_| H$ao Amoa
dMZgy§ R>mHw$aHo$ JwUJmZ Jmdo, _Z R>mHw$ahr_| amIo. `m ^m§{V Omo ahZdmamo ho gmo ^mdmW© : CîUËdH$mo ho EH$ ñd^md {OZH$mo Egohþ, XrZZ²Ho$ D$na erVb
`m _maJ_| AnZo hmoB Amdo gmo H$Nw> dñVw emóHo$ {d{Y {dZmhþ Omo R>mHw$aH$m| dMZê$n A_¥Vd¥{ï>Hw§$ H$amo hmo Amoa g“ hr g“ ~‹S>o _mohdmao AmgwaZ²n| Vmn hþ
g_{n©doH$s BÀN>m H$ao Vmo gmjmV² é{Mgy§ h§gV d«O^ŠVZ² g{hV nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ H$aV AmnŸ-ŸAnZo_| lrH¥$îUmñ`nZoHw§$ àH$Q> H$amo hmo; {H$ÝVw Ap½ZnZmo àJQ>
AnZo _wImaqdXgy§ Amamo{JHo$ OrdZ²H$m| nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$bXmZ H$aV h|. Vmo lrJwgm§BO© r Zmht H$amo hmo. H$maU Ho$ `h AmnH$mo ñdê$n d«OOZg_yh_| Vmo AmZÝX Xodo ho Amoa
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wgm| H$hV h| Omo Vw_ `h _maJ àJQ> Z H$aVo Vmo Ord H¥$VmW© Amgwamp½ZH$mo Zmehþ H$ao hoŸ&&5Ÿ&&
Š`m| H$[a hmoVmoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : lrJwgm§B©Or H$hV h| Omo Vw_ D$J«àVmndmao hmo VmoC CîUVm g{hV Zmht
A~ H$hV h| H$Xm{MV² H$moC `m| H$ho Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w éÐê$n Oo hmo. Amoa bm¡{H$H$ Ap½Z Omo CîUVm g{hV hmoV ho VmHo$ Vw_ KmVH$ hmo. bm¡{H$H$
Ap½Z ho VmŸ-Ÿê$n hm|BJoŸ? gmo gÝXoh Xy[a H$[adoH$m| H$hV h| Omo bm¡{H$H$ Ap½ZHo$ Ap½Zê$n H$moC H$ho gmoD$ Z H$hZmo. H$mhoV|Ÿ? bm¡{H$H$ Ap½ZH$s CîUVm H$~hþH$
Y_© Amoa lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²Ho$ Y_© {déÕ h|Ÿ: ~hmoV hmoB© H$~hþH$ Wmo‹S>r hmoB©. Amoa lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Vmo Abm¡{H$H$
CîUËd¡H$-ñd^mdmo@ß`{V-{e{ea-dM:-nwÄO-nr`yf-d¥ï>ra²- AmZÝXê$n Oo Ap½Z ho Vm ê$n h|. VmV| Amn_| CîUVm Ý`mar ho `h OmZZmo. Amoa
AmV}îdË`wJ«-_mohmgwa-Z¥fw `wJnV² Vmn_ß`Ì Hw$d©Z²Ÿ&& lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²_| Ý`mar hr ar{V ho gmo H$hV h| Omo Amn AnZo godH$Z²H$s
AmVu Xo{IHo$ Oo dMZ H$hV h| gmo dMZ godH$Z²_| Vmo erVb AWm©V² VmnH$m|
ñdpñ_Z² H¥$îUmñ`Vm§ Ëd§ àH$Q>`{g M Zmo ^yV-XodËd_oVX²Ÿ-
83 84
Xy[a H$aZdmao A_¥Vê$n hmoV h| Amoa {dZ dMZH$m| O~ Agwa gwZV h| V~ CZH$m|
~wamo bJV ho. Vmgm| `{X lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w éÐmp½Z hm|B Vmo éÐ Vmo AgwaZ²Ho$ ^mdmW© : doX_| Ap½Zgy§ ObH$mo hmoZmo H$ømo ho gmo gË` ho. ho à^moŸ! g¥{ï>Ho$
njnmVr h|Ÿ-AgwaZ²Ho$ goì` h|Ÿ- AgwaZ²Ho$ Xy[a H$aZdmao ZmhtŸ! n[a lrAmMm`©Or Am{X_| Oogo ^yVñdê$n Ap½Zgy§ ^yVñdê$n Ob ^`mo Vog| `m ^yVbno AmZÝXñdê$n
_hmà^w Vmo AnZo dMZ H$[a godH$Z²H$m| AmZÝX CnOmdV h| Amoa AgwaZ²H$m| Xy[ahþ Amngy§ ò lrH¥$îUgodmê$n agg_wÐ hþ AmZÝXñdê$n hr ^`mo ho. `h C{MV hþ ho
H$aV h|. Oog| nyU©nwéfmoÎm_H$mo _wIma{dÝX d«O^ŠVZ²H$s Am{V© Xy[a H$aZdmamo ho Š`m| Omo H$m`©_| H$maUH$mo gmÑí` Amdo hr hoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
Amoa Amgwa Xmdmp½ZH$mo nmZ H$aZdmamo ho. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²_| Aé
bm¡{H$H$ Ap½Z_| ~‹S>r Ý`mar ar{VŸhoŸ&&5Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : doX_| Ohm§ g¥{ï>H$s CËn{Îm H$hr ho Vhm§ nhbo AmH$me CnÁ`mo,
AmH$meVo dm`w, dm`wVo Ap½Z, Ap½ZVo Ob gmo `m ^m§{V CËn{Îm H$hr ho. gmo
A~ H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Abm¡{H$H$ H$m`© H$aZdmao h| VmVo Am{Y^m¡{VH$ nXmW©H$s CËn{Îm H$hr ho. gmo lrJwgm§B©Or H$hV h|, Chm§ Omo Ap½Z
Abm¡{H$H$ AmZÝX_` h|. gmo H$hV h|Ÿ: H$ømo ho VmV| ObH$mo àmJQ>ç ho. gmo bm¡{H$H$ ObH$mo àmJQ>ç ho. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Oogmo
H$maU hmoB© VogmoB© H$m`© hmoB. Vmo H$maU bm¡{H$H$ àJQ> ^`mo. Amoa lrAmMm`©Or
AmåZm`moŠV§ `Xå^mo ^dZ_ZbVg² VÀM gË`§ {d^moŸ! `V²Ÿ- _hmà^w Amnw Vmo AmZÝXmp½Zê$n h| VmV| {dZVo àJQ> ^`mo Omo ^y{_no lrR>mHw$aOrH$s
gJm©Xm¡ ^yVê$nmX² A^dX² AZbV: nwîH$a§ ^yVê$n_²Ÿ&& godmê$nr na_mZÝXH$mo g_wÐ gmoD$ Abm¡{H$H$ hoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
AmZÝX¡H$ñdê$nmV² ËdX{Y^w `X² A^yV² H¥$îUgodmagmpãYe²Ÿ-
MmZÝX¡H$-ñdê$ng² VX{Ib_² C{MV§ hoVwgmå`§ {h H$m`}Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& A~ Amoahþ Y_©Z²H$[a Abm¡{H$H$ Ap½Zê$n lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w h| gmo
{Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
{d^moŸ=Ÿho {d^wŸ! AmZÝX¡H$ñdê$nmV²Ÿ=ŸAmZÝX_mÌ

ñdê$n ñdm{_Z² lrdëb^m½ZoŸ! jU_{n ^dV: gpÝZYmZo H¥$nmV:
AmåZm`moŠV§Ÿ=ŸdoXH$mo H$ømo ËdX²Ÿ=ŸAmngy§ àmUàoð>-d«OmYrída-dXZ-{XÑjm{V©-Vmnmo OZofwŸ&&
`X²Ÿ=ŸOmo, AZbV:Ÿ=ŸAp½Zgm| A{Y^wŸ=Ÿn¥pÏdna `V² àmXw^m©d_mßZmoË`w{MVVa{_X§ `Îmw níMmX² AnrËW§
Aå^:Ÿ=ŸObH$mo, ^dZ§Ÿ=ŸhmoZmo H¥$îUgodmagmpãY:Ÿ=Ÿ Ñï>o@ß`pñ_Z² _wIoÝXm¡ àMwaVa_² CXoËòd VpÀMÌ_² EVV²Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo, gË`§Ÿ=ŸgË` lrH¥$îUgodmê${n agHo$ gmJa
MŸ=ŸAmoa, `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo AmZÝX¡H$ñdê$n:Ÿ=ŸAmZÝX_mÌñdê$n ñdm{_Z² lrdëb^m½ZoŸ!Ÿ= jU_{nŸ=ŸjUhþ
gJm©Xm¡Ÿ=Ÿg¥{ï>Ho$ Amaå^_| A^yV²Ÿ=Ÿ^ò, VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo ho ñdm{_ Ap½Zñdê$n lrdëb^Ÿ! gpÝZYmZoŸ=ŸgpÝZYmZ hmo`do no
^yVê$nmX²Ÿ=Ÿ^yVê$ngm| H$m`}Ÿ=ŸH$m`©_| ^dV:Ÿ=ŸAmnHo$ H¥$nmV:Ÿ=ŸH¥$nmgm|
AZbV:Ÿ=ŸAp½Zgm| hoVwgmå`§Ÿ=ŸhoVwH$mo g_mZnZmo OZofŸw =ŸbmoJZ²_| `ÎmwŸ=ŸOmo Vmo, Apñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿò
^yVê$n§Ÿ=Ÿ^yVê$n, nwîH$a_²Ÿ=ŸOb {hŸ=Ÿhr, A{Ib_²Ÿ=Ÿg~ àmUàoð>d«OmYrídadXZ{XÑjm{V©- _wIoÝXm¡Ÿ=Ÿ_wIê$n MÝÐH$m|
A^dX²Ÿ=Ÿ^`mo, `X²Ÿ=ŸOmo C{MV_²Ÿ=Ÿ`mo½` ho (ŸEdŸ) VmnmoŸ=ŸàmUZ²gy§hþ {à` d«OHo$ Ñï>o@{nŸ=ŸXo{Ido
85 86
A{Yn{VHo$ dXZH$m| Xo{IdoH$s níMmX²Ÿ=ŸnrN>o, A{nŸ=Ÿ^r AkmZmÚÝYH$ma-àe_ZnQw>Vm-»`mnZm` {ÌbmoŠ`m_²
Am{V©H$mo Vmn, `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo BËW§Ÿ=Ÿ`m Vahgy§ Ap½ZËd§ d{U©V§ Vo H${d{â{n gXm dñVwV: H$îUEdŸ&&
àmXw^m©d_²Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> àMwaVa_²Ÿ=ŸA{Ve` Vrd«Vmgm| àmXw^©yVmo ^dmZ² BË`Zw^d-{ZJ_mÚwŠV-_mZ¡a² AdoË`
AmßZmo{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho EdŸ=Ÿhr, CXo{VŸ=ŸàH$Q> hmo` ho Ëdm§ lrlrdëbô_o {Z{Ib~wYOZm: JmoHw$boe§ ÔÝVoŸ&&8Ÿ&&
BX_²Ÿ=Ÿò VX²Ÿ=Ÿdmo, EVV²Ÿ=Ÿò
C{MVVa§Ÿ=ŸC{MVVa {MÌ_²Ÿ=ŸAmíM`©OZH$ ho {ÌbmoŠ`m§Ÿ=ŸVrZ bmoH$Z²_| H¥$îUŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU, EdŸ=Ÿhr
H${d{^:Ÿ=Ÿ{dÛmZZ²Z| àmXw^y©V:Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> ^ò h|
^mdmW© : ñdm{_Z²Ÿ! Ap½Zñdê$n AmMm`©d`©Ÿ! AmnHo$ jUâ gpÝZYmZgy§, H¥$nm A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, VoŸ=Ÿdmo B{VŸ=Ÿò
H$aHo$ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ àmUZ²gy§hþ {à` lrh[aHo$ _wIH$_bH$m| XoIdoH$s BÀN>mH$mo Vmn Ap½ZËd_²Ÿ=ŸAp½ZnZm| AZw^d{ZJ_mÚwŠV_mZ¡:Ÿ=ŸAZw^d doX
hmo` ho, gmo C{MVhr ho. naÝVw nrN>o lrh[aHo$ _wIH$_bHw§$ Xo{IHo$hþ {deofVa Vmn AkmZmÚÝYH$ma-àe_Z-nQw>Vm-»`mnZm`Ÿ=Am{X_| H$ho à_mUZ²gy§
hmo` ho ò AmíM`© hoŸ!Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
AkmZ Am{X AÝYH$maH$mo AdoË`Ÿ=ŸOm{ZHo$
Am{N> ^m§{Vgm| e_Z H$[adoH$s lrlrdëb^Ÿ=Ÿho lrdëb^Ÿ!
lrJwgm§B©Or H$hV h|, Ahmo lrdëb^Ÿ! Ahmo Ap½Zê$nŸ! h_mao ñdm_rŸ!
MVwamBH$m| àH$Q> H$[adoHo$ AW© Ëdm§Ÿ=ŸAmnHw§$ B_oŸ=Ÿò
{Vhmao nmg EH$ jUhþ ~oR>oV| {Vhmar H¥$nmV| àmUhþV| {à` Omo lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_
{VZHo$ _wIma{dÝXH$mo Xe©Z Omo gmjmV² hmoV Zmht VmV| {Vhmao godH$Z²_| {Vhmao gXmŸ=ŸgXm {Z{Ib~wYOZmŸ=Ÿg~ km{ZbmoJ
nmg ahoVo Vmn hmoV ho `h ~mV Vmo C{MV ho. H$mhoVoŸ? Oogo bm¡{H$H$ Ap½ZhþHo$ d{U©V§Ÿ=ŸdU©Z {H$`mo ho JmoHw$boe§Ÿ=ŸJmoHw$bHo$ B©ewHw§$
nmg ahoVo Vmn hmoV ho Amoa Ap½Z_| Á`m|Ÿ-ŸÁ`m| B§YZ A{YH$ hmoB© Ë`m|Ÿ-ŸË`m| Vmnhþ dñVwV:Ÿ=ŸgË`_| Vmo, ^dmZ²Ÿ=ŸAmn ÔÝVoŸ=ŸÔo h|
A{YH$ hmoV ho Vogo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s H¥$nm A{YH$ hmoB© Ë`m|Ÿ-ŸË`m| Vmnhþ A{YH$
hmoB, `h ~mV Vmo C{MV ho. n[a `h ~‹S>mo AmíM`© ho Omo {Vhmamo EH$ ~ma Omo ^mdmW© : `m ^yVbno npÊS>VZ²Z| AmnH$mo Ap½ZnZmo Ho$db AkmZê$n AÝYH$maHo$
nhbo Z¡H$Q>ç ^`mo VmHo$ nmN>o Z¡H$Q>ç {dZmhþ godH$Z²H$m| Vmn CX` hmoB©. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Xya H$adoH$mo MmVw`© àH$Q> H$adoHo${bò hr {H$`mo ho. dmñVd_| Vmo Amn lrH¥$îUhr
bm¡{H$H$ Ap½Z_| Z¡H$Q>ç {~Zm Vmo Vmn hmoV Zmht Amoa `hm§ Vmo Z¡H$Q>ç {dZm hþ àH$Q> ^ò hmo Ego AZw^d Amoa emóm{XHo$ à_mUZgy§ Om{ZHo$, ho lrdëb^mMm`©Ÿ!
Abm¡{H$H$ R>mHw$aHo$ {_{bdoH$mo Vmn hmoV ho `h ~‹S>mo AmíM`© ho. Amoa H$hV h| gd© {dÛmZ² AmnHw§$ JmoHw$boe Om{ZHo$ hr Ôo h|.
Omo MÝÐ_mHo$ XoIoV| VmnH$mo {ZdV©Z hmoB©. `hm§ Vmo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ²Ho$
_wIMÝÐHo$ Xe©ZV| Abm¡{H$H$ Vmn àJQ> hmoV ho. VmV| Vw_ Abm¡{H$H$ Ap½Zê$n
hmoŸ&&7Ÿ&& Q>rH$m : A~ lrJwgm§B©Or H$hV h| Omo Vw_ Ho$go hmoŸ? H$m_Ÿ-ŸH«$moYŸ-Ÿbmo^Ÿ-Ÿ_mohŸ-
Ÿ_XŸ-Ÿ_Ëgam{X ^JdÝ_mJ©H$m| Om{Zdo_| à{V~ÝYê$n XwJw©UZ²H$m| Xya H$[adodmao hmo.
Oogo bm¡{H$H$ AÝYH$ma _maJ_| OmBdoH$mo à{V~ÝY H$ao gmo bm¡{H$H$ Ap½ZV| Xy[a
A~ Amoa hþ Y_©Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$[a lrAmMm`©OrH$mo Abm¡{H$H$ ñdê$n hmo` Vm ^m§{V H$m_Ÿ-ŸH«$moYm{X ê$nr AÝYH$ma VmHo$ Xy[a H$[adoH$mo {Vhmamo hr
Amoa nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ ñdê$n à_mU H$[a {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: gm_Ï`© ho. gmo Vw_ Abm¡{H$H$ Ap½Zê$n hmo. `mVo Oo ~‹S>oŸ-Ÿ~‹S>o kmZr h| Vo Vw_Hw§$
"Ap½Z' H$hV h|. n[a Omo {Vhmamo ñdê$n {dMm[a Xo{I`| Vmo Abm¡{H$H$ AmZÝX_`
87 88
Vw_ hmo. VmV| lrH¥$îU nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ VoB© àJQ> ^ò hmo. Vhm§ à_mU H$hmŸ? Vhm§ B{V lr{nV¥nmXmãO-namJmaŠVMoVgmŸ&
lrJwgm§B©Or Amnw H$hV h| Omo EH$ Vmo AZw^d à_mU ho. h_ Vw_Hw§$ nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ lrdëbôZ {dd¥V_² A{Ib§ dëb^mï>H$_²Ÿ&&
hr XoIV h|. lrJwgm§BOrHo$ MaUH$_bH$s H¥$nm H$[a lrdëb^mï>H$s Q>rH$m h_ {H$ò.
VmV| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w _moH$m| AnZmo godH$ OmZr h_ D$na H¥$nm H$amo. Amoa
Amoa lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ ho Bhm§ H¥$îUXmgZo àW_ Omo _¢ `h Q>rH$m H$sZr gmo lrJwgm§BOrHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo Omo namJ Vmgy§ a§½`mo ho
n¥pÏdn[aH«$_m_| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$s godm ~hmoV H$s{Z V~ Amn àgÝZ {MV OmH$mo Egmo hmoB©Ho$ H$sZr ho. VmV| `h Q>rH$m ^br^m§{V nyU© ^B©.
hmoBHo$ H$ho Omo Vy H$Nw> _m§{J, _| XoC§Jmo. V~ H¥$îUXmgZo VrZ dñVw _m§JrŸ: EH$
Vmo nyU© AnZo _mJ©Ho$ {gÕmÝVH$mo kmZ hmoB©. Xygamo _wIaVmXmof {Zd¥Îm hmoB©. Amoa Ÿ&&ŸB{V lrJmoHw$bZmWOr {da{MV lrdëb^mï>H$_²H$s Q>rH$mH$mo
Vrgamo _oao JwéHo$ Ka nYmamo. V~ Xmo` dñVw Vmo Xr{Z Amoa JwéHo$ Ka nYm[adoH$s
d«O^mfmZwdmX gånyU© ^`moŸ&&
Zmht H$ar. nmN>| H¥$îUXmg AnZo JwéHo$ Ka J`mo V~ JwéZo nyN²`mo Omo VoZo _moHw§$
N>m§{S>Ho$ Amoa Jwé H$sZmo hoŸ? V~ H¥$îUXmg H$ho Omo Jwé Vmo _oao Vw_ hr hmo n[a
{Vhmar H¥$nmV| _|Zo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ nmò h|. V~ JwéZo H$hr nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Š`m|
Om{ZòŸ? V~ H¥$îUXmgZo OaVr Ap½Z hmW_| boHo$ H$ho ""`{X lrAmMm`©Or
_hmà^w gmjmV² nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ hm|` Vmo `h Ap½Z _moHw§$ ^ñ_ _{V H$[a`mo, ZmVa
_oao hmW ^ñ_ hmo` O¡`mo''. gmo `h H${hHo$ Xmo` Kar Vm§B dm Ap½ZHw§$ AnZo hmW_|
{bò aho. V~ JwéZo S>a{nHo$ dh Ap½Z H¥$îUXmgHo$ hmW_|Vo S>adm` XrZmo. Amoa
`h gË` _mÝ`mo Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w gmjmV² lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ h|. `m R>moa
H¥$îUXmgH$mo AZw^d à_mU.
Amoa Oo godH$ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ²Ho$ ñdê$nH$mo AZw^d H$aV h| {VZH$mo

AÝV:H$aU à_mU ho. do `m| OmZV h| Omo Amn nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ h|. Amoa doXhþ à_mU
ho. H$mhoVŸ| ? doX_| gmH$ma ñdê$nH$mo {Zê$nU {H$ò h| Vmo _wIma{dÝXê$n lrAmMm`©Or
_hmà^w h| VmV| doXhþ AmnHo$ ñdê$nH$mo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ H$hV h|. gmo lrJwgm§B©Or
BVZo à_mU H$[a H$hV h| Omo lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ²H$m| nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Om{ZHo$
godH$Z²H$m| ÔZ H$aZmoŸ&&8Ÿ&&
A~ lrJmoHw$bZmWOr H$hV h|Ÿ

{nV¥nmXmãOH¥$n`m {dd¥V§ dëb^mï>H$_²Ÿ&
j_`ÝVw gXmMm`m© ^¥Ëò _{` lrdëbôŸ&&
89 90
Ÿ&&lrñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥VñVmoÌ_²Ÿ&& godmH$Wm_| namÙ ahV h|'' gmo hr Y{_©ñdê$n1 H$hmdVŸh|Ÿ)
(4) ñ\w$aV²-H¥$îU-ào_m_¥V-ag-âoUm{V-^[aVm
(lrh[aamÒrH¥$Vd«O^mfmQ>rH$monoV) {dhmamZ² Hw $ dm© U m d« O n{V-{dhmampãYfw gXmŸ&&
{à`m Jmo n r^Vw © … ñ\w $ aVw gVV§ "dëb^' B{V
ŸnwpîQ>gåàXm`Ho$ àdV©H$ Jwéê$n lrdëb^H$mo gßVYm dU©ZŸ- Y{_©ñdê$n1 àWmdË`ñ_mH§ $ ö{X gw ^ J_y { V© … gH$éUmŸ&&1Ÿ&&
VWm Eoíd`m©{X N> JwUY_©Z²Ho$ ê$n_|2-7Ÿ
ñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥VagâoUŸ=Ÿñ\w$am`_mZ hmoVo H¥$îUào_ê$n A_¥VagHo$ âgm|
Vhm§ lrh[aamÒr lrAmMm`©Orgm|-lrJwgm§B©Orgm| {dZÝVr H$aV h| Omo A{V^[aVmŸ=ŸàMya âr ^B© "dëb^:'Ÿ=Ÿdëb^
_m|H$mo ào_m_¥VH$s Q>rH$m H$[ado_| `mo½`Vm XoC. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo ào_m_¥VJ«ÝW d«On{V{dhmampãYfwŸ= B{VŸ=ŸEgrŸ
lrAmMm`©OrH$s H¥$nmV| lrJwgm§B©Or dU©Z {H$ò h|. Vm_| nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Y_©g{hV d«On{VHo$ {dhmaê$n g_wÐ_| àWmdVrŸ=Ÿà{g{Õ dmar
O¡go lrH¥$îU h|, Vmhr ñdê$n H$[aHo$ lrAmMm`©OrH$mo dU©Z {H$ò h|. Eogo gXmŸ=ŸgXm gH$éUmŸ=ŸH$éUmdmZ²
lrAmMm`©OrH$m| _¢ ~ma§~ma Z_ñH$ma H$aV hÿ§. gmo EH$ íbmoH$ H$[a _“bmMaU
{dhmamZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{dhmaZ²Hy§$ gw^J_y{V©…Ÿ=ŸgwÝXa _y{V©
H$hV h|Ÿ-
Hw$dm©UmŸ=ŸH$aVr ^B© Añ_mH§$Ÿ=Ÿh_mao
Jmonr^Vw©…Ÿ=ŸJmonrOZZ²Ho$ n{V ö{XŸ=ŸöX`_|, gVV§Ÿ=ŸgVV
Z_mo AmMm`©brbmpãY-ào_grYw_hrYa:Ÿ&
{à`mŸ=Ÿ{à` ñ\w$aVwŸ=Ÿñ\w$am`_mZ² hmoC
nm{Unr`yfgd©H¥$V² lr{dQ²>R>bŸ! Z_mo@ñVw VoŸ&&
^mdmW© : ñ\w$[aV hmoVo H¥$îUào_ê$n A_¥Vaggm| AVrd âr ^B©, d«On{V

A~ lrAmMm`©Or Amn Ho$go h¢Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h|, Omo {OVZr lrR>mHw$aOrH$s
lrH¥$îUHo$ {dhmaê$n gmJa_| gXm {dhma H$[adodmar Jmonrn{VH$m| {à` "dëb^'
brbm ho gmo na_ Jå^ra g_wÐdV² h|, gmo lrAmMm`©OrHo$ öX`{dfo ñWm{nV h|,
Zm_gm| {d»`mV H$éUmgm| âr ^B© gwÝXa _y{V© h_mao öX`_| ñ\w$[aV hmodoŸ&&1Ÿ&&
gmo A_¥Vê$nr brbmag ho, {VZHo$ nmZH$Vm© lrJwgm§B©Or Amn h|. VmVo {OVZr
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s brbm ho gmo g~ lrAmMm`©Or Amn AZw^d H$[aHo$ AnZo öX`_|
amIV h|. Ego lrAmMm`©OrH$m| _¢ ~ma§~ma Z_ñH$ma H$aV hm|. Amoa lrAmMm`©OrHo$ Q>rH$m : A~ lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Oo lrH¥$îU h| {VZHo$ öX`_|Ÿ-ŸA“-A“_| ào_ ^`m}
öX`Ho$ ^rVa Omo ag ho {VZHo$ nmZH$Vm© lrJwgm§B©Or h|, {VZH$m| _¢ ~ma§~ma ho. gmo ào_ na_{_ï> ho, Oogo A_¥V na_{_ï> ho, gmo lrA“_| Egmo ^`m} ho Omo Vhm§
Z_ñH$ma H$aV hm|. Omo _mo D$na àgÝZ hmoD$. _oao Omo _ZmoaW h| ào_m_¥VJ«ÝWH$s g_mV Zmqh ho.
Q>rH$m H$[ado_| gmo nyU© hmo`doH$s `mo½`Vm _moH$m| XoD$. `m àH$ma _“bmMaU H$[aHo$
{dZVr H$sZr. A~ ào_m_¥VH$mo íbmoH$ H$hV h|Ÿ- V~ lrR>mHw$aOr _Z_| {dMma {H$ò Omo `h ag H$moZ-H$moZH$m| XmZ H$am|Ÿ?
V~ `h _Z_| {~Mma {H$ò Omo `m agHo$ nmÌ Vmo d«O^ŠV h|, {VZH$m| XmZ H$am|.
(ŸnwpîQ>gåàXm`àdV©H$ Jwéê$n lrdëb^H$mo ñdê$nbjU : ""lrH¥$îUbrbmê$n- Vm nmN>| \o$[a {dMma {H$E Omo H$m¡Z àH$ma XmZ H$am|Ÿ? Amoa H$m¡ZÛmam XmZ H$am|Ÿ?
lrñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥VñVmoÌ_²Ÿ lrñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥VñVmoÌ_²Ÿ
91 92
V~ EH$mÝV g_` ~m§gwar ~OmB© JmonrOZH$m| ~wbmB©Ho$ {VZH$m| ÔZmZÝXagH$mo VmVo Amn Om d¡îUdH$mo A{YH$ma Oogmo ho Vmhr àH$maH$mo XmZ H$aV h|.
XmZ {X`mo. VogoB© lrAmMm`©Or Amn na_ H¥$nm H$[aHo$ X¡drOrdZ²Ho$ CÕmamW© àJQ>
hmoBHo$ n¥Ïdr n[aH«$_m {H$ò. Vhm§ OrdZ²H$m| g§gma_| ~hmoVhr _mo{hV XoIo. nmN>o Amoa Oog| d«O^ŠV lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| Xo{IHo$ ào_gm| _mo{hV hmoV h| Ego hr
Amn JmoHw$b nYmao Vhm§ OrdZ²Ho$ CÕmaH$mo {~Mma H$aV hVo Vmhr g_` lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w ghOhr_| na_ gwÝXa h|; Aé na_ H$éUmdÝV h|. Omo Om
lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_ àJQ> hmoB H$ho Omo ""OmH$m| ~«÷gå~ÝY H$amAmoJo VmHo$ gH$b OrdHo$ D$na H$éUmÑ{ï>gy§ XoIV h| VmHo$ gH$b _ZmoaW nyU© hmoV h|. Amoa Amn
Xmof Xy[a hmoBJ|, {VZH$m| _¢ A“rH$ma H$ê§$Jmo''. V~ lrAmMm`©Or Amn àgÝZ na_ {daŠVXem_| ahV h|. (ŸVmV|Ÿ) Omna H¥$nm H$aV h| {VZH$mo {daŠVXem àmßV
hmoB©Ho$ n{dÌm nhamò. hmoV ho. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ?
gmo lrAmMm`©Or Amn Ho$go h|Ÿ? Omo Oogo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ gånyU© lrA“_| Omo EH$ {XZ lrAmMm`©OrHo$ Bhm§ ^ÊS>ma_| H$Ny> gm_J«r Zmht hVr. V~
ag ^`m} ho gmo d«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ öX`_| doUwÛmam XmZ {H$ò h|, Vog| hr lrAmMm`©OrHo$ ^ÊS>marZo Amngm| H$hr Omo AmO ^ÊS>ma_| H$Nw> grYmo-gm_mZ Zmht ho. V~
lrA“{dfo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo brbmê$n Omo ag ho VmH$m| X¡drOrdZ²H$m| XmZ H$aV h|. lrAmMm`©OrZo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s EH$ gmoZmH$s H$Q>moar H$mT>rHo$ Xr{Z. VmH$m| JhZo
gmo Om àH$ma lrR>mHw$aOr doUwÛmam AnZo d«O^ŠVZ²H$m| agXmZ {H$ò Vog| hr (Ÿ{JadrŸ) Y[aHo$ grYmo-gm_mZ bmò. gmo _“bmgm| e`Zn`©ÝV gm_J«r {gÕ
lrAmMm`©Or X¡dr OrdZ²H$m| Zm_g_n©UÛmam agH$mo XmZ {H$ò h|. H$[aHo$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| ^moJ g_n}, naÝVw Vm_| Amn Ka_| lrAŠH$mOr g{hV
""H$aV H¥$nm {ZO X¡dr OrdZ na lr_wI~MZ gwZmB©, a§MH$hþ _hmàgmX Z {bò. dh àgmX Jm`Z²H$m| IdmB {X`mo. Vm nmN>o d¡îUd
doUwJrV nw{Z `wJbJrVH$s ag~aIm ~agmB©'' ôQ>H$s _mohmoa bo Am`mo V~ lrAmMm`©OrZo ^ÊS>marH$m| ~wbmBHo$ H$ømo Omo H$Q>moar
`m àH$ma AnZo godH$Z²Ho$ g§J H$Wmê$nr Omo A_¥V {VZH$s dfm© H$aV h|, Nw>S>mB bmdmo Amoa grYmo-gm_J«r bo Amdmo. Vm nmN>| Xygao {XZ O~ lrR>mHw$aOrH$s
OrdZ²H$m| ~«÷gå~ÝY H$amdV h| Amoa {VZHo$ Ka ñdê$ngodm nYamdV h|. gmo Vhm§ godmgy§ nhm|Mo V~ Amn g~Z²Zo ^moOZ {H$ò. Vm nmN>| g~ godH$ Q>hbwdm d¡îUdZ²
lrAmMm`©Or g~ dñVwH$mo ^moJ H$amdV h|. `mV| Omo d¡îUd gm_J«r H$[aHo$ D$na àgÝZ hmoBHo$ {ejm {Xò Omo `m àH$ma godm_| gmdYmZ a{h`mo. gmo Ego
lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ AmJo Y[aHo$ `m àH$magm| {~ZVr H$aV h| Omo ""_hmamOm{YamO lrAmMm`©Or Amn lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm H$aVoŸ&&1Ÿ&&
lrAmMm`©OrH$s H$mZrV| A“rH$ma H$[a`|'' V~ lrR>mHw$aOr lrAmMm`©OrH$s
H$mZrV| gm_J«r AmamoJV h|. `m àH$ma àW_ íbmoH$_| `h {gÕmÝV ^`mo Omo OoVo Y_© lrR>mHw$aOr_| h|
Vo gd© Y_© lrAmMm`©Or_| h| VmV| lrH¥$îUê$n hr Om{ZHo$ lrAmMm`©OrH$mo ÔZ
O~ lrR>mHw$aOr d¥ÝXmdZ_| doUw ~OmdV h| V~ d¥O_| Omo Ord h| new-njr H$aZm|. A~ Xygamo íbmoH$
{VZ_| OmH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma ho {VZH$mo Vmhr ^m§{Vgmo agXmZ H$aV h|. Vog|hr H$hV h|Ÿ-
lrAmMm`©Or Amn Zm_-g_n©UH$mo XmZ Omo Ord eaU AmdV h| {VZH$mo H$aV
h|. Vhm§ ~«m÷U-j{Ì`-d¡í`-eyÐ-ór g~Z²H$m| XmZ H$aV h|. n[a Omo Om (ŸnwpîQ>g_àXm`_| Jwéê$n lrdëb^H$mo Eoíd`©2ê$n JwU : lr^mJdVVÎdkVm
àH$maH$mo nmÌ ho {VZH$mo Vm àH$maH$mo XmZ H$aV h|. Vmgm| lrèmoXmOrHo$ Ka Omo hoŸ)
AX²^wV ~mbH$ ho dm_| H$mhÿH$mo _Z bmJV ho. OmH$mo lrR>mHw$aOr_| g»`^mdH$s
lr^mJdV-à{VnX-_{Uda-^mdm§ e w - ^y { fVm _y { V© … Ÿ&&
dm§N>Zm ho VmH$m| g»`^md hr {gÕ H$aV h|. Omo ^md Jmo{dÝXñdm_rH$mo {gÕ
^`mo Vog| {gÕ hmoB©. OmH$mo A{YH$ma e¥“maag_| hmoB© VmH$mo dogmo XmZ H$aV h|. "lrdëb^m'{^Ym Zg² VZmoVw {ZOXmgñ` gm¡^m½`_²Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
93 94
Omo A_¥V VmH$m| {ZH$mao. Amoa Chm§ g_wÐ _ÝWZ H$[aHo$ aËZ {ZH$mgo Omo gwa-
lr^mJdVà{VnX_{Uda^mdm§ew^y{fVmŸ= _y{V©…Ÿ=Ÿ_y{V©, Z…Ÿ=Ÿh_ XodVmZ²H$m| lrR>mHw$aOrZo {Xò Amoa A_¥Vhþ XodVmZ²H$m| nmZ H$amò Vogo Bhm§
lr^mJdVHo$ _{U Oogo àËòH$ {ZOXmgñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{ZO XmgZ²Ho$ lrAmMm`©Or Amn lr^mJdVê$n g_wÐH$m| _{WHo$ nwéfmoÎm_ê$n A_¥V {ZH$mgo
gmo AnZo X¡dr godH$Z²H$m| AZw^d H$amò h|. Amoa Omo H$_©OS> hVo {VZH$m| H$_©
nXHo$ ^mdê$n {H$aUZ²gm| emo{^V gm¡^m½`§Ÿ=Ÿgm¡^m½`H$mo
~Vmò. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo CZH$m| lrnwéfmoÎm_H$s brbmH$mo A{YH$ma Zmht ho. Oogo
lrdëb^m{^YmŸ="lrdëb^'Zm_gm|Ÿà{gÕ VZmoVwŸ=Ÿ{dñVma H$amo Chm§ amjgZ²H$m| dméUr Xr{Z ho Vogo Bhm§ H$_©OS>Z²H$m| gmoB© Xr{Z ho. Amoa Chm§
bú_rOr Amn amIo Vog| Bhm§ lrAmMm`©Or Amn g~ AdVmaZ²H$s brbm N>mo{S>Ho$
^mdmW© : lr^mJdVHo$ àËòH$ nXê$n CÎm_ aËZHo$ ^mdê$n {H$aUZ²gy§ {d^y{fV lrH¥$îU nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ h| {VZH$s brbmHo$ ^md h| {VZH$m| öX`_| amIV h|.
"lrdëb^' Zm_dmar _y{V© h_mao H$mO {ZOXmñ`-gm¡^m½`Hw§$ ~T>md|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
Amoa lr^JdmZ² _mo{hZrê$n Y[aHo$ AgwaZ²H$§w _moh {H$ò h| Vog| Bhm§ lrAmMm`©Or
Q>rH$m : A~ lr^mJdV Ho$gmo hoŸ? Omo ^JdËñdê$n hr h¡. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Oogo _Zwî`ê$n Y[aHo$ n¥ÏdrD$na ZmZm àH$maH$s H«$sS>m {H$ò h| gmo Omo AmgwarOrd h|
lrR>mHw$aOr ~«÷mÊS> {dfo AnZmo gyú_ê$n H$[aH|$ ì`m{n aho h|, lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ do Zmht OmZV h|. Amoa X¡drOrd hVo gmo Vmo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Om{ZHo$ ^mdg{hV ÔZ
{~Zm H$moB© nXmW© Zmht ho, Vog| hr lr^mJdV_| gd©dñVyZ²Ho$ dU©Z h| gmo g~ H$aV h|. {VZH$m| Amn eaU boV h|. Amoa Chm§ _mo{hZrê$n Xo{IHo$ _hmXod Am{X
lr^mJdV_| àJQ> h|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo lrR>mHw$aOr AdVma {bò h| gmo Mmo~rg _mohHw§$ àmßV hmoV h| Vog| lrAmMm`©OrH$m| Xo{IHo$ ~‹S>oŸ-Ÿ~‹S>o F${fŸ-Ÿ_wZr npÊS>V,
AdVmaZ²H$mo dU©Z lr^mJdV_| ho. Omo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ ÔZV| kmZ hmoV ho. gmo Om _m`mdmXr gmo g~ _moh nmdV h|. VmhrVo dmX H$[adoH$mo AmdV h|. V~ Amn
OrdH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma hmoB© VmH$m| VogmoB© AZw^d hmoB©. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo eofZmJOr ~«÷dmX H$[aHo$ g~Z²Ho$ dmXZ²H$mo IÊS>Z H$aV h|. Ego lrAmMm`©Or AnZmo
gXm lr^mJdV H$hV h|, Amoa lr^mJdV {dXwa-_¡ÌoÒr nañna H$hV h|Ÿ-ŸgwZV _mhmËå` àJQ> H$[a n¥ÏdrD$na àJQ> ^ò h| gmo lr^mJdV doXŸ-ŸnwamUH$m| _{WHo$
h|, Amoa jragmJa_| ZmamÙOr H$hV h| Amoa lrbú_rOr gwZV h|. `mhrV| lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_H$s brbmê$nr Omo Abm¡{H$H$ Am^yfU h| {VZH$[aHo$ lrAmMm`©Or
lr^mJdV ^JdËñdê$n ho. gmo Egr ^mJdV `m n¥pÏdna OrdZ²Ho$ CÕmaH$s Zm¡H$m Amn na_ emo^m`_mZ hmoV h|.
ho. VmH$s Q>rH$m H$[ado_| lrAmMm`©Or Amnw (Ÿhr g_W© h|. Š`m|Ÿ? OmoŸ) gmjmV²
nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ h|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo lr^mJdVê$nr nd©V ho, Omo nd©V_| AZoH$ Am¡a lrAmMm`©Or Ho$go h|Ÿ? _y{V©dÝV h|. VmH$mo AW© `h Omo ñdê$nmË_H$
àH$maHo$ d¥j-Kmg hm|` Amoa _{Uhþ hmoB©. Vog| lr^mJdVê$n Omo nd©V ho Vm_| h|. `h Omo ñdê$nmË_H$ H$moZ H${hEŸ? gmo H$hV h| Omo OmH$mo ñdê$n Abm¡{H$H$
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s ~mbbrbm-agbrbm ho gmo _{U ho. gmo nd©V_| Omo OmV ho hmoB gmo H$mhÿH$s ~w{Õ_|, _Z_| VWm {MÎm_| Amdo Zmht. H$mhoVŸ| ? Omo lrAmMm`©OrHo$
VmhrH$m| _{U {_bo. gmo lr^mJdV_| brbmê$n _{U ho VmHw§$ lrAmMm`©Or Amnw ñdê$nH$mo {ZYm©a doXm{XH$hþ Zmht H$[a gH$V h|, ""Zo{V Zo{V'' H$[aHo$ ñVw{V H$aV
OmZV h| gmo Amn lrgw~mo{YZr BË`m{XH$ àJQ> {H$ò h| Vm_| ZmZm àH$maHo$ ^md h|. Omo Egmo AX²^wV ñdê$n AIÊS> ho Omo gXm EH$ag hmoV ho. VmV| ñdê$ndÝV
àJQ> {H$ò h|. gmo lr^mJdV_|ŸOmo _{U hoŸdmohr Am^yfU lrAmMm`©OrHo$ A“- h|.
A“_| na_ emo^m XoVŸh|.
Ego lrAmMm`©OrH$m| "dëb^' H${hE. Omo g~Z²H$m| AmZÝXXm`H$ h|. gd©
Amoa lr^mJdV Ho$gmo hoŸ? Omo _hmJå^ra g_wÐ ho Oogo jrag_wÐ ho. VmH$mo àm{U_mÌHo$ {hVH$Vm© h|. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Amn na_ H$mé{UH$ h|, na_ X`mb h|,
lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w _ÝWZ H$[aHo$ Vm_|Vo Omo Mm¡Xh_mo aËZ hVmo ^Jdëbrbmê$n VmVo "dëb^' H${h`V h|. Amoa lrAmMm`©Or Amn lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| AË`ÝV {à`
95 96
h|, àmUdëb^ h|. {OZHo$ {dZm lrR>mHw$aOr EH$ jU a{h gH$V Zmht VmV| Z gHo$ Egr, lrJmoHw$bZmWHo$ g“_H$s gwYmH$m| VËjU àmßV H$am`dodmamo
"dëb^' Egmo Zm_ ho. AX²^Vw lrH¥$îUgodmH$mo _mJ© {OZZo àH$Q> {H$`mo Ego Amn lrH¥$îUê$n lrdëb^ê$n
gy`© Cëb{gV hmoV h|Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
gmo lr^mJdV_| {Zê${nV lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_H$s brbmê$n Am^yfU {VZHo$
A“-A“_| O{Q>V h|, {VZgm| Amn na_ Abm¡{H$H$ _y{V©dÝV h|, àm{U_mÌHo$ Q>rH$m : A~ lrAmMm`©Or Amn Ho$go h|Ÿ? _m`mdmXê${n AÝYH$ma VmH$m|
dëb^ h|, g~Z²Ho$ nmofUH$Vm© h| Amoa Amn X¡drOrd Oo AmnHo$ godH$ h| {VZHo$ {ZdmaU H$aV h|. Omo Oog| A§{Y`mamo Ka hmo` Vhm§ O~ XrnH$ H$[aò V~ gJamo
na_ gm¡^m½`ê$n h|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& AÝYH$ma Xy[a hmoB©. Amoa Oog| gy`©Ho$ CX` ^ò n¥ÏdrH$mo AÝYH$ma {~Zm l_hr
Xy[a hmoV ho. Amoa Omo ò _m`mdmX n¥Ïdrna àJQ>çmo ho gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo ò _m`mdmX
(ŸnwpîQ>gåàXm`_| Jwéê$n lrdëb^H$mo dr`©3ê$n JwU : ^JdËgodm_| à{V~ÝYH$ ho gmo _hm AÝYH$maê$n hr hmoB OrdZ²H$m| na_ _moh CnOmdo ho. gmo doX-nwamUZ²Ho$
dmXZ²H$mo {ZamH$aU H$[aHo$ lrH¥$îUgodmHo$ àoaH$ hmoZmo hoŸ) VmËn`©{df`r^yV AW©H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ Aé Xe_r-{dÕm EH$mXer OrdZ²H$m|
H$am` Amoahþ ~{h_w©I H$amdV h|. Ego OrdZ²H$m| AÝ`ml`hþ H$adm` XoV ho. VmV|
_m`mdmXV_mo {Zañ` _Yw { ^V² - go d m»`-dË_m© X ² ^ w V §
g~ Ord _m`mdmXHo$ ^«__| hmoB© doX-{déÕ AmMaU {H$E V~ lrR>mHw$aOr
lr_X² - Jmo H w $ bZmW-g“_gw Y m-gåàmnH§ $ VËjUmV² Ÿ && {dMmao Omo A~ n¥ÏdrD$na _m`mdmX ~hmoV àd¥Îm ^`mo ho, Vm H$[aHo$ X¡drOrd h|
Xw î àmn§ àH$Q>rMH$ma H$éUm-amJm{V-gå_mo h Z… gmoD$ _m`mdmXHo$ ^«__| hmoB aho h|, `m àH$ma {dMmarHo$ lrAmMm`©OrH$m| Amkm
g lrdëb^-^mZwéëbg{V `… lrdëbdremÝVa…Ÿ&&3Ÿ&& {Xò Omo Vw_ n¥Ïdrna àJQ> hmoB© _m`mdmXH$mo IÊS>Z H$ar ~«÷dmXH$mo ñWmnZ H$amo
Amoa X¡dr OrdZ²H$m| eaU bo`Ho$ {dZHo$ _Z_| Oo ZmZmàH$maHo$ gÝXoh hmoV h|
`…Ÿ=ŸOmo,_m`mdmXV_moŸ=Ÿ_m`mdmXê$n- lr_ÒmoHw$bZmWg“_gwYmgåàmnH$_²Ÿ= {VZH$m| Xy[a H$amo, V~ {dZH$m| _oar àmpßV hmo`Jr. VmV| Vw_ n¥Ïdrna nYmamo. `h
H$m`© Vwåhmao {~Zm Amoa H$mhÿgm| {gÕ hmoV Zmht ho. VmV| Vw_hr `h H$m`© H$[ado_|
AÝYH$maH$mo, {Zañ`Ÿ=ŸZme H$[aHo$ lrH¥$îUHo$ g“_H$s gwYmH$m|
g_W© hmo. V~ lrAmMm`©OrH$m| OrdZna na_H¥$nm AmB©. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Amn na_
Xwîàmn§Ÿ=ŸH${R>ZVmgm| àmßV hmo` X`mb h|. AnZo X¡drOrdZ²Ho$ Xw:I a§MH$hþ Xo{I gH$V Zmht. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or
gHo$ Egr ghOVmgm| àmßV H$am`dodmao AX²^wV§Ÿ=ŸAX²^wV Amn n¥ÏdrD$na àJQ> ^ò. V~ n¥Ïdr-n[aH«$_mH$mo {_g H$[aHo$ nYmao. V~ AmnZo
_Yw{^V²-godm»`-dË_©Ÿ=Ÿ_YwÛ¡VHo$ g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo, lrdëbdremÝVa…Ÿ= AZoH$ doX-nwamU-ñ_¥{VH$mo Ñï>mÝV(Ÿà_mUŸ) Xo`Ho$ _m`mdmX IÊS>Z {H$ò.
g§hmaH$H$s "godm'Zm_H$mo _mJ© JmonrOZZ²Ho$ B©e {OZHo$ AÝVa_|
àH$Q>rMH$maŸ=ŸàH$Q> {H$`mo {~amOV h| Eg EH$ g_` Amn H$mer nYmao. Vhm§ AZoH$ _m`mdmXr dmX H$aZ
H$éUm-amJm{V-gå_mohZ…=ŸH$éUm Aé- lrdëb^^mZw…Ÿ=Ÿlrdëb^ê$n gy`© AmdV hVo. V~ lrAmMm`©OrHw§$ ^moOZ H$aZ²Hw§$ g§Om hmo` OmVr, V~ Vm§B
AZwamJ gm| A{Ve` gå_w½Y Cëbg{VŸ=Ÿemo^m`_mZ² hmoV h| g~ godH$ Obhþ Z boVo. V~ Amn {dMma {H$ò Amoa "nÌmdbå~Z' J«ÝW
{H$E. nmN>| g~ dmXr {dídoídaZmWHo$ Xe©ZH$m| {ZË` AmdVo Vhm§ Amn
"nÌmdbå~Z'H$mo AmamonU {H$E. Vhm§ g~ dmXr J«ÝWH$m| Xo{IHo$ {ZéÎma
^mdmW© : nw{ï>OrdZ²n| X`mHo$ ^mdgm| VWm nw{ï>à^w_| AZwamJHo$ ^mdgm| _w½Y hmoB© OmVo. `m àH$ma _m`mdmXH$mo IÊS>Z ^`mo. V~ g~ godH$Z²H$m| na_
hmo`Ho$ AmnZo _m`mdmXê$n AÝYH$maH$mo {ZdV©Z H$[a ghOV`m H$mhÿH$m| {_{b AmZÝX ^`mo.
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Amoa dóhþ R>mHw$aOrHw$ àgmXr H$[aHo$ nhoaZmo. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo XmgH$mo Y_© ho Omo
H$mhoVŸ| ? Omo _m`mdmXê$nr {V{_aH$mo Zme ^`mo. V~ X¡dr Ord lrAmMm`©OrH$s CÎm_dñVw àW_ lrR>mHw$aOrHw$ g_n©Zr nmN>o àgmXr hmoB VmhrVo {Zdm©h H$aZm|.
eaU AmB© na_ gwI nmò. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo n{hbo _m`mdmXHo$ H$maU OrdZ²H$m|
gÝXoh ahoVmo VmV| ÑT> Aml` H$[aHo$ lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÔZ hmoV Zmht. Amoa O~ gmo Egr ^m§{V lrAmMm`©Or Amn AnZmo _hmËå` OJV_| àJQ> {H$`mo ho,
Amn na_ VoOdmZ gy`© àJQ> ^ò V~ _m`mdmXê$n AÝYH$maH$mo Zme ^`mo, nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo àH$me {H$ò, AnZo godH$Z²H$m| nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$b {Xò. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or
d¡îUdZ²H$mo gÝXohê$n AÝYH$maH$mo Zme ^`mo. VmV| EH$ ÑT> Aml` H$[aHo$ EH$ Abm¡{H$H$ gy`©ê$n H$[a {~amOV h| VogoB© nw{ï>_mJ©hþ Abm¡{H$H$ gy`©ê$n àJQ>
lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÔZ H$aZ bmJo. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Ohm§ Vm§B© _Z_| gÝXoh aho Vhm§ Vm§B© {~amOV ho. gmo n¥Ïdrna àH$me ^`mo ho VmV| X¡dr Ord hVo Vo AmnHo$ ea{U Am`
\$bàmpßV Z hmoB©. VmhrVo ^JdX²JrVm_| AOw©Z à{V ^JdmZ H$ho h| ""g§e`mË_m H¥$VmW© ^òŸ&&3Ÿ&&
{dZí`{V'' (ŸJrVmŸ4Ÿ&40Ÿ) Amoa O~ ÑT> Aml`-AZÝ`Vm hmoB© Vhm§ gd© \$b
{gÕ hmoB©. VmV| O~ godH$Z²H$mo gÝXoh {Zd¥Îm ^`mo V~ lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÔZ H$aZ
(ŸnwpîQ>gåàXm`Ho$ Jwéê$n lrdëb^H$mo èmo4.ê$n JwU : nmpÊS>Ë`,
bmJo.
doXm{Xemónma“VVm, emómZwHy$b AmMaU, d¡îUd_mJu`Vm Aé lrd«On{V_|
a{V_mZ² hmoZmo hoŸ)
Vm nmN>| lrAmMm`©Or Amn ^JdËgodm nw{ï>_mJ©H$s ar{Vgm| àJQ> {H$ò Šd{MV² nmpÊS>Ë`§ Mo V ² Z {ZJ_J{V… gm{n `{X Z
Om_| gmjmV² nyU©nwéfmoÎm_H$s godm hmoV ho. Vm_| g_`-ñWmZmZwgma ^JdËgwIH$mo
{H« $ `m gm gm{n ñ`mV² `{X Z h[a_mJ} n[aM`…Ÿ&&
{dMma H$[aHo$ dó-Am^yfU-gm_J«r lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| A“rH$ma H$amdV h|. gmo
godm Ho$gr hoŸ? Omo JmoHw$bHo$ n{V lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo gmjmV² Xe©Z-gå~ÝY hmoV ho. `{X ñ`mV² gmo { n lrd« O n{V-a{Va² Zo { V {Z{Ib¡ …
gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Amoa _mJ© h| `Wm kmZ_mJ©, H$_©_mJ©, CnmgZm_mJ©, `moJ_mJ© gmo Jw U ¡ a Ý`… H$mo dm {dbg{V {dZm dëb^da_² Ÿ &&4Ÿ&&
Vm_| gmYZ Ý`mao Aé \$b Ý`mao h|. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo gmYZ H$ao V~ H$moBH$mo \$b
hmoB©. gmoC \$b bm¡{H$H$ hmoB© Amoa gmoC H${bHo$ Xmof H$[aH|$ H$mhÿH$mo {gÕ hmoV Šd{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$hþ§, nmpÊS>Ë`§Ÿ=ŸnpÊS>VmB© A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ñ`mX²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
Zmht. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or Amn lrnyU©nwéfmoÎm_H$s brbm Egr lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm MoV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`, {ZJ_J{V…Ÿ=ŸemóZ²_| àdoe h[a_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿ^JdÝ_mJ© {dfo
~Vmò. Vm_| gmYZhþ \$bê$n ho. Om_| H$Xm{MV² ^ybhþ nS>o Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr
ZŸ=ŸZ, `{XŸ=ŸOmo n[aM`moŸ=ŸkmZ
AàgÝZ Z hmoB©, \$b Xodo_| AÝVam` Z H$a|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Amn na_ X`mb
h|. OrdH$s H$ar ^B© a§MH$hþ godmH$m| ~hmoV H$[a _mZV h|. gmŸ=Ÿdmo({ZJ_J{V…Ÿ=ŸemóZ²_| àdoe) ZŸ=ŸZ hmo`, `{XŸ=ŸOmo
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ (MoV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`) g…(h[a_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿdmo ^JdÝ_mJ© {dfoŸ)
Amoa lrAmMm`©Or Amnw lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ _wImaqdXê$n Omo Ap½Z ho Vmê$n h|, gmŸ=Ÿdmo, {H«$`mŸ=ŸAmMaU n[aM`…Ÿ=Ÿn[aM`, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
VogmoB© AmnH$mo VmnmË_H$ nw{ï>_mJ© ho. VmV| `m _mJ©_| \$bàmpßV_| Vhm§ Vm§B T>rb ZŸ=ŸZ, `{XŸ=ŸOmo ñ`mX²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
hmoB Ohm§ Vm§B öX`_| Vmn Z hmo`. Vhm§ Vm§B Ord earaH$mohr gwI MmhV ho. VmV| gm({H«$`m)Ÿ=Ÿdmo AmMaU hmo` lrd«On{Va{V…Ÿ=Ÿd«On{V_| ^pŠV
d¡îUd Oo h| {VZH$m| _hmàgmX boZmo gmo lrR>mHw$aOrH$s CpÀN>ð> Om{ZHo$ boZm|, ZŸ=ŸZmht (ApñV)Ÿ=Ÿho dëb^da§Ÿ=Ÿdëb^da
AnZo earaH$mo nmofU Zmht OmZZmo. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo earaH$mo ^moJ {dMmao Vmo B{VŸ=ŸEg| {dZmŸ=Ÿ{dZm, AÝ`…Ÿ=ŸXygamo
{df`mgpŠV hmoB©. Amoa _hmàgmX CpÀN>ï> Om{ZHo$ bo Vmo ^JdX²ÔZ_| _Z bmJo.
99 100
{Z{Ib¡…Ÿ=ŸgH$b H$:Ÿ=ŸH$moZ,dm = hoŸ!
JwU¡…Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²gm| {dbg{V! = {~amOV ho! Amoa lr_hmà^w Ho$go h|Ÿ? {ZJ_ Omo doX VmHo$ hmX©H$m| Amnw Om{Zdodmao h|.
Amoa Amn doXHo$ H$_©Hw§$hþ H$aV h|. {ÌH$mbg³Ü`m, `km{XH$, hmo_, XmZ g~ H$aV
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n[a {VZH$mo AmMaU doXm{X emóZ²Ho$ AZwgma hmoV Zmht. H$moCZ²H$mo doXm{X Omo H$_m©{XH$ gmo Vmo bm¡{H$H$_| {XIm`doHo${bE H$aV h| Amoa doXH$s _`m©Xm
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H$moCZ²H$mo d¡îUd_mJ©gm| n[aM` hmoV ho {VZH$m| d«On{V_| AmgpŠV hmoV Zmht. nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ h| gmo doXH$s _`m©Xm Amn Z amIo Vmo Amoa H$moZ amIoŸ? n[a _Znyd©H$
VmV| BZ {Z{Ib JwUZ²gm| lrdëb^daHo$ {dZm AÝ` H$moZ {db{g gH$V Vmo lrJmodY©ZZmWOrH$s godm H$aV h|.
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Ah‘>maHo$ de hmo`Ho$ lrAmMm`©OrHo$ ñdê$nH$m| OmZV Zmht. AnZr `mo½`Vm AZw^d H$hm§Vo hmoBŸ? gmo `m íbmoH$_| ò {gÕmÝV ^`moŸ&&4Ÿ&&
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Zmht ho. lrAmMm`©OrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo kmZ V~ hmoB© O~ lrR>mHw$aOr Amn AZwJ«h Ego dmXZ²H$mo {ZamH$aU H$[a à_mUMVwîQ>`H$s EH$dmŠ`Vm H$[a ñd{gÕmÝVH$mo
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ñdê$n OmÝ`mo Z Om`. {Zén{YñZohH$mo CX²~moYH$ hmoZmo hoŸ)
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Omo lrAmMm`©OrH$s eaU AmdV h| {VZHw§$ Amn Zm_-g_n©U H$amdV h| lr_X² - ^mJdVm»`-Xw b © ^ -gw Y m-df} U do X mo p ŠV{^…Ÿ&&
{VZhrH$m| AnZo ñdê$nH$mo AZw^d H$amdV h|. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or VWm lrR>mHw$aOr amYmdëb^-go d `m VXw { MV-ào å Umo n Xo e ¡ a {n
Ho$ ñdê$nH$mo AZw^d H$Nw> nT>oVo hmoV Zmht. O~ {Z:gmYZ hmo` XrZVm H$[a "lr_X²dëb^'-Zm_Yo`-gÑemo ^mdr Z ^yVmo@ñË`{nŸ&&5Ÿ&&
{dZVr H$[aHo$ eaU Amdo V~ na_ X`mb, H$éUm{ZYmZ gmjmV² nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ Om
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ho, gmYZgmÜ` Zmht ho. doXmopŠV{^…Ÿ=ŸdoXHo$ dMZZ²gm|
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101 102
gÑe hmWrHo$ K_ÊS>H$m| MyaŸH$[aHo$ C{MV {ZJw©U ào_ H$[aHo$ n[aH«$_m {H$ò. gmo XoIo Omo X¡dr Ordhþ _m`mdmXHo$ ^«__| hmoBHo$ dogmoB© AmMaU
AmñòÝXwamOmoÒV-lr_ØmJdVm»`-Xwb©^- CnXoe¡… A{nŸ=ŸCnXoe H$[aHo$ hþ H$aZ bmJo h|. gmo {dMma H$aV R>Hw$amZr KmQ>no {~amOV hVo V~ AY©am{ÌH$mo
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~«÷gå~ÝY g_OmBdoHo${bE "{gÕmÝVahñ`' J«ÝW àJQ> {H$`mo.
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Xwb©^ agH$s dfm© H$[aHo$ ZŸ=ŸZ, ^yVmoŸ=Ÿ^`mo (Z)Ÿ=ŸZ
Vm nmN>| AmMm`©Or _m`mdmXH$m| XoI| Omo Oogo _Îm hmWr H$mhÿH$m| {JZo Zmht
amYmdëb^-god`mŸ=ŸlramYmOrH$m|- ApñVŸ=Ÿho
Vog| {dMar aømo hVmo. V~ AmMm`©Or Amn qghê$n ~«÷dmX H$[a _m`mdmXH$mo
{à` Ego lrH¥$îUH$s godm H$[aHo$ ^mdr A{nŸ=Ÿhmo`Jmo hþ {dXmaU {H$ò. nmN>| Amn lr^mJdV_| Omo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ê$n Omo Xwb©^ A_¥V
{VZH$s dfm© AnZo godH$Z²Ho$ D$na {H$ò h|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Ord AZm{XH$mbV|
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H$maUgm|hþ "lrdëb^' Zm_dmaoZ²Ho$ Oogmo Z H$moB ^`mo, Z ho Aé Z hmo`Jmo OrdZ²H$m| `h ~VmdV h| Omo `m ^m§{V godm H$amo. gmo godm_| D$na Vmo ZÝXamÒrHo$
hþŸ&&5Ÿ&& KaH$s ar{V ho n[a ^rVa "amYmdëb^god`m' `mV| lrñdm{_ZrOr g{hV
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm ho.
_m`mdmXê$nr Omo _Îm hmWr ho {VZHo$ Xn©H$m| XbZhmao Ego lrAmMm`©Or
Amn àJQ> ^ò h|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm lr_hmXodOrH$m| ^B© Omo Omo Ego lrH¥$îU Omo gmañdV H$ën_| àJQ> ^ò gmo nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ h| ""H$ën§
_m`mdmX Vw_ n¥ÏdrD$na àJQ> H$amo Amoa OrdZ²Hw§$ _moh CnOmdmo. V~ lr_hmXodOr gmañdV§ àmß` d«Oo Jmoß`mo ^{dî`W'' AÝ` H$ën_| nyU© AdVma Zmht ho. gmo
àJQ> ^ò gmo doXV| {dnarV emó ~hmoV {H$E. Amoa g~ XodVmZ²Ho$ B©ída Omo godZr` H$sV©Zr` EH$ lrH¥$îU hr h| gmo lrJmodY©ZZmWOr h|. gmo Ho$go h|Ÿ? gmo
lr^JdmZ² {OZH$mo {ed-~«÷m{XH$ ÔZ H$aV h|, {VZH$mo ÔZ Nw>S>m`Ho$ X{jU lrhñVH$s _w[Ç> ~m§Yr ho Vm_| A“wð>H$mo Xe©Z H$amdV h|. Vm_| `h ^md
{edhrH$m| _w»` B©ída {Zê$nU {H$ò. `m ^m§{V lre‘>amMm`©Or doXV| {déÕ Egmo OmZZmo Omo ^ŠVZ²H$m| h[aHo$ Xe©Z H$admd| Vm nmN>| A“wð> {XImdV h| ""A~ Vw_
_m`mdmX àJQ> {H$ò. VmV| g~ OrdZ²Ho$ g§J X¡dr Ordhþ _m`mdmXH$mo g“ H$[a H$hm§ OmAmoJoŸ?'' Amoa dm_ ^wOm CR>mBHo$ d«O^ŠVZ²H$m| ~wbmdV h| ""Omo Vw_ ~oJr
^«ï> ^ò. lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÑT> Aml` Ny>{Q> J`mo. V~ lrR>mHw$aOrH$m| X`m AmB© Omo AmAmo''. Amn {ZHw$ÄOHo$ Ûmao R>m‹S>o h|. Om_| lrAmMm`©Orgm| `h OVmdV h| Omo
_| Vmo `m _m`mdmX àJQ> H$[adoH$s Amkm {edH$m| XB© gmo Vmo Amgwar OrdZ²H$m| O~ Vm§B _| `hm§ R>mS>mohþ§ V~ Vm§B _oao X¡dr Ord h| {VZH$mo VwåhmaoÛmam A“rH$ma
_moh CnOmdoHo${bE n[a `mV| Vmo X¡dr Ordhþ _oamo _mhmËå` ^y{b JE h|. VmV| H$aZmo ho. VmV| d¡îUdZ²Hw§$ EH$ jUhþ lrJmodY©ZZmWOrH$m| ^ybZmo Zmht Omo Amnw
{dMmao Omo _oar brbmH$mo AZw^d OrdZ²H$m| Ho$g| hmo`JmoŸ? nmN>o {dMmao Omo Vmo OrdHo${bE {ZHw$ÄOHo$ Ûmao R>m‹S>o h| Amoa Ord Ohm§-Vhm§ ^Q>Š`mo S>mobV hoŸ!!!
brbmH$mo AZw^d H$am`do_| Vmo EH$ lrAmMm`©Or g_W© h|. Omo CZH$mo àmJQ>ç VmV| Egmo ^md H$[aHo$ lrR>mHw$aOrgm| {_{bdoH$m| ÔZ H$aZmo. VmhrV| nw{ï>_mJ©
n¥ÏdrD$na hmo` V~ _m`mdmXH$mo IÊS>Z H$[aHo$ X¡dr OrdZ²H$m| AZw^d H$am`Ho$ lrAmMm`©OrZo àJQ> {H$`mo Omo gmjmV nwéfmoÎm_H$mo gå~ÝY hmoB. VmV| nw{ï>_mJ©H$s
_oao nmg bo Amd|. V~ AmnZo lrAmMm`©OrV| Amkm H$sZr Omo X¡drOrdZ²H$mo CÕma ar{V H$moC H$hm OmZoŸ! Omo goì`ñdê$n ZmZm àH$maH$s brbmHo$ ñdê$n h|. {VZ
H$arHo$ _oao {ZH$Q> bmdmo. gmo Amn n¥ÏdrD$na àJQ> ^ò. Vm nmN>o Amn n¥Ïdr- ñdê$n-brbm-g{hV g~Z²H$m| àH$me {H$ò h|.
103 104
àW_ lrèmoXmOrHo$ Bhm§ lrH¥$îU Omo ~mbbrbm H$ar ho gmo ñdê$n àmXw^m©d hmoV ho.
lrZdZrV{à`mOrH$mo ho. Omo ZdZrV lrhñVH$_b| {b`mo ho Aé lrèmoXmOrHo$
Am§JZ_| [a¨JZbrbm H$aV h|. A~ lr_XZ_mohZOrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo ^md `h ho Omo {ZHw$ÄOm{XH$Ho$ ^rVa
ZmZm àH$maH$s brbm H$aV h|.
Amoa lrèmoXmOrHo$ Bhm§ ~‹S>o ^ò V~ JmoMmaU brbm {H$ò h| gmo ñdê$n
lr_WwamZmWOrH$mo ho. gmo Jmo{nH$mZ²Ho$ Ka _mIZMmo[aH$m| OmV h| Vmg_` Chm§ AÝ` JmoXHo$ lrR>mHw$aOr h| Vhm§ ^m§{V-^m§{VH$s brbm ho. A~
lrñdm{_ZrOr AmBª. {dZZo H$ømo Omo ""_| lrZÝXamÒr-lrèmoXmOrHo$ nmg bo lrÛmaH$mZmWOrH$s JmoXHo$ R>mHw$a lr~mbH¥$îUbmbOr (ŸdV©_mZ_| gwaVñWŸ) h|
OmC§Jr'' V~ Amn Amoa Xmo ^wOm àJQ> H$[a {~ZVr {H$ò Omo ""_| Vmo Vwåhmao de {VZ gH$Q>^ÄOZ brbm H$[a ho. Amoa lr_WwamZmWOrH$s JmoXHo$ lrZQ>daOr
hm|, Vw_H$m| nmg hr amIV hm|, _oar Mmam|C ^wOm Vwåhmao Am^yfU Aé A“ g_mZ (ŸdV©_mZ_| amOZJañWŸ) h| gmo V¥UmdV©Ho$ àg“H$s brbm àJQ> {H$ò h|. `mhr
h| VmV| _moH$m| N>m{o S> XoC''. V~ N>mSo >r {Xò gmo Egr brbmH$mo ^md lr_WwamZmWOrH$mo ^m§{V lrZdZrV{à`mOrHo$ nmg lr~mbH¥$îUOr h| VWm lr_XZ_mohZOr h| gmo
ho. O¥åÛbrbm H$[a ho. Amoa lrJmoHw$bMÝÐ_mOrHo$ nmg lr~mbH¥$îUOr h| gmo
CbyIbbrbm H$ar ho. Amoa ò lrAmMm`©Or VWm lrJwgm§B©OrHo$ g~ ñdê$n h|
H$mË`m`Zr d« V {H$ò V~ MrahaUH$s brbm {H$ò gmo ñdê$n gmo `m ^m§{V g~ ñdê$nZ²H$s godm ho. gmo lrAmMm`©Or Amn àJQ> {H$E h| Om_|
lr{dQ²>R>boeamÒrH$mo ho. gmo lrñdm{_ZrOrHo$ ^md_| _½Z h| gmo VmV| Jm¡a ñdê$n nw{ï>brbm àJQ> ho.
àJQ>o h|.
VmhrV| lrAmMm`©OrZo nw{ï>_mJ© àJQ> {H$`mo Om_| gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_H$mo
A~ amgnÄMmÜ`m`r_| _wabr ~OmB©Ho$ àW_ g~ d«O^ŠVZ²H$m| ~wbm`Ho$ gå~ÝY ho Ego lrAmMm`©Or Amn h|. gmo Egmo H¥$nmH$mo g_wÐ Z H$moB ^`mo, Z
nw{bZ_| ~oR>mao gmo ñdê$n lrÛm[aH$mZmWOrH$mo ho. g~ Jmo{nH$m Omo nw{bZ_| ~¡R>r ho Aé Z hmoB©Jmo. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo H$moQ>mZH$moQ>r `wJ ~rVo, ~S>o-~S>o AdVma ^ò
h| Vm _Ü` lrñdm{_ZrOr h| Vhm§ lrR>mHw$aOr AMmZH$ nYmao Amoa XmoB lrhñVgm| h|, F${f-_w{Z-^JdXr`hþ ^ò h| n[a nw{ï>_mJ©H$s ar{VH$m| H$moB OmZV Z hVmo.
lrñdm{_ZrOrHo$ ZoÌH$_b _y§Xo Aé XmoB lrhñVgm| doUwZmX {H$ò h| gmo ò brbm VmV| H$mhÿgm| nw{ï>_mJ© àJQ> {H$`mo Z J`mo. gmo lrAmMm`©Or Amn àJQ> {H$E h|
lrÛmaH$mZmWOrHo$ Bhm§ àJQ> ho. Om_| nw{ï>brbm àJQ> ho. VmV| lrAmMm`©Or g_mZ Z H$moB© ho Z ^`mo Z
hmoBJ© moŸ&&5Ÿ&&
A~ lrJmoHw$bZmWOr h| gmo lrJmodY©Z YmaU {H$ò h|. gmo dm_ lrhñVgm| ( nwpîQ>gåàXm`_| Jwéê$n lrdëb^H$mo kmZ6.ê$n JwU : H${bHo$ ~bdmZ²
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ñ\w$aV ho. hmoZmo hoŸ)
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amgnÄMmÜ`m`r_| lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo AÝVÜ`m©Z ^`mo Vm nmN>o JmonrOZZ| éXZ {H$`mo d«Om{Yn{V[apÝXam-à^¥{V-_¥½`-nmXmå~wO…
ho V~ àJQ> ^ò h|. `m ^m§{V lrJmoHw$bMÝÐ_mOrHo$ Bhm§ amgm{XH$ brbm VmH$mo jUo Z n[aVmo { fV… VXZw J Ëd_o d mñVw _o Ÿ &&6Ÿ&&
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V¥U_²Ÿ=ŸKmg bmJV ho Ohm§ Vm§B lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ MaUmaqdXH$mo gwI Zmht nm`mo. `mhrV|
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bú_rOr Am{X {OZHo$ EdŸ=Ÿhr _oŸ=Ÿ_moH$m| gmo lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ MaUma{dÝX Ho$go h|Ÿ? Omo {OZH$m| lrbú_rOr AnZo
MaUH$_bH$m| ImoOV h| do AñVwŸ=ŸàmßV hmoC öX`gm| bJm`Ho$ na_ào_gm| godZ H$aV h|. gmo Omo lrAmMm`©OrH$s eaU Am`Ho$
ÑT>Vm H$[aHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo godZ H$aV h| {VZHo$ öX`_| lrAmMm`©Or brbmH$mo
^mdmW© : {OZHo$ MaUZ²Ho$ ZI_ÊS>bgm| {ZH$adodmao MaUm_¥Vgm| {OZHo$ _ñVH$ AZw^d H$amdV h|. Omo Ho$gmohÿ hmoB© gmYZa{hV hmo`, ór hmo`, eyÐ hmo` na
Aé öX` A{^{fŠV ^ò h| do Vmo `m H${bH$mbH$m| V¥UHo$ Vwë` VwÀN> H$[a lr_hmà^wOrHo$ MaUH$_bHo$ ÑT> Aml`V| gJar brbmH$mo AZw^d hmoB©. Ego
OmZV h|. bú_r Am{Xhþ {OZHo$ MaUH$_bZ²H$m| ImoOV ahV h| Ego d«Om{Yn{VHw§$ lrAmMm`©Or na_-X`mb h|Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
{OZZo jUâ_| àgÝZ H$[a amI| h| Ego AmMm`©MaUZ²H$m| _| AZwJm_r (gXm) hr
~Ý`mo ahÿ§Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& (ŸnwpîQ>gåàXm_| Jwéê$n lrdëb^ñ`H$mo d¡am½`7ê$n JwU : nw{ï>_mJu`Z²Ho$
gH$b H${bH$mbXmofZ²Hy§$ {_Q>m`doHo$ {gdm` AÝ` gJao {df`Z²_| {daŠV hmoZmo
Q>rH$m : gmo lrAmMm`©OrHo$ ZIMÝÐ_m Omo h| gmo _oao _Z_| Omo ZmZm àH$maHo$ hoŸ)
AkmZê$n AÝYH$ma h| VmHo$ Xy[a H$aZhmao h|. gmo lrAmMm`©OrHo$ ZIMÝÐ_| ~S>mo AKm¡ K -V_gmd¥ V § H${b-^w O “_mgm{XV_²
àVmn ho. bm¡{H$H$ MÝÐ_m_| `h ho Omo am{ÌH$mo àH$me H$ao Amoa nyU©_mgrH$s OJX² - {df`-gmJao n{VV_ñdY_} aV_² Ÿ &&
am{ÌH$m| nyU© hmoB© nmN>o KQ>o-~T>o Amoa gy`©Ho$ AmJo àH$me _ÝX hmoB Om`. Amoa `XrjU-gw Y m-{Z{Y… g_w { XVmo @ Zw H $ånm_¥ V mX²
lrAmMm`©OrHo$ ZIMÝÐ Ho$go h|Ÿ? Omo gXm EH$ag {OZH$mo àH$me ho gmo {OZHo$ A_¥ Ë `w _ ² AH$amo V ² jUmXaU_ñVw _o VËnX_² Ÿ &&7Ÿ&&
ZIMÝÐ_m D$na H$mo{Q>-H$mo{Q> MÝÐ_m dm[a S>m[aò. {OZHo$ ZIMÝÐH$mo àH$me
Omo lrAmMm`©OrHo$ godH$ h| {VZHo$ öX`_| àH$me H$aV h|. Vhm§ EH$ag hr gXm
ahV ho. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Abm¡{H$H$ A_¥Vê$n h|, {VZH$m| Omo godH$ AnZo öX`_| Ÿ&&ŸB{V lr{dÆ>boída{da{MV§ lrñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥VñVmoÌ§ gånyU©_²Ÿ&&
amIV h| {VZH$mo öX`H$_b Egmo {Z_©b {Z{d©H$ma hmoV ho. Omo H${bHo$ Xmof h|
Omo g§gmaHo$ gwI-Xw:IH$m| VwÀN> H$[a S>maV h|. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Ohm§ MÝÐ_m hmoV AñdY_}Ÿ=ŸAnZmo Zht Ego Y_©_| `XrjUgwYm{Z{Y…Ÿ=Ÿ{OZH$s
ho Vhm§ AÝYH$ma Am` Zmht gH$V ho. Omo Om godH$Ho$ öX`_| ahV ho {VZH$mo aV_²Ÿ=ŸaMo-nMo Xo{Idoê$n A_¥V{Z{Y
öX` ewÕ hmo` OmV ho. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Ohm§ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ²Ho$ ZIMÝÐ
107 108
AKm¡KV_gmd¥V§Ÿ=Ÿnmnê$n AÝYH$magm| AZwH$ånm_¥VmV²Ÿ= H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo lrJmonrOZdëb^ lrJmodY©ZYa h| {VZHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo ÑT> {dídmg
T>§Š`mo ^`mo H¥$nmê$n A_¥Vgm| O~ OrdH$m| ^`mo V~ dmHo$ H¥$VmW©Vm_| gÝXoh H$hm aømoŸ? H¥$VmW©ê$n hr ho. gmo
H${b^wO“_mgm{XV§=H${bê$nŸgn©ÛmamŸJ«{gV jUmX²Ÿ=ŸjUdma_| Ord CÕmaH$mo emoM Zmht H$aV ho.
OJ{Ûf`gmJaoŸ=ŸOJÐyn {df`Ho$ gmJa_| A_¥Ë`w_²Ÿ=ŸA_anZoH$m| H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo gVV lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo ÔZ H$aV aho Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr Vmo
gd©gm_Ï`©g§`wŠV h|. g~Ho$ AÝV:H$aUH$m| OmZV h|, VmV| Amnwhr H$[aHo$ \$b
n{VV_²Ÿ=Ÿn‹S>çmo ^`mo AH$amoVŸ² =Ÿ{H$`mo, VËnX§Ÿ=Ÿdmo nX
XoB§Jo. VmV| lrR>mHw$aOrgm| H$moB© dñVwH$s dm§N>Zm Zmht H$aZr. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Amnwhr
g_w{XV:Ÿ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgm| C{XV (_oŸ=Ÿ_oamo)AaU_²Ÿ=ŸeaU,Ÿ \$b XoB§Jo. VmV| ÑT> {dídmgV| ñ_aU H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Ohm§ Vm§B OrdH$mo
AñVw=hmoC {dídmg Z hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© H$moB© {H«$`m H$amo naÝVw H$Nw> \$bH$s {g{Õ Zmht ho.
^mdmW© : nmnZ²Ho$ g_yhê$n AÝYH$magm| Amd¥Îm H${bH$mbê$n H$mbo ZmJgm| Amoa {dídmg hmo` Vmo lrR>mHw$aOr \$b_| T>rb Zmht bJmdV h|. gmo Ho$goŸ? Omo
J«ñV, OmJ{VH$ {df`Z²Ho$ gmJa_| nS>çmo ^`mo Aé Omo AnZmo Y_© Zmht Ego MmVH$H$mo EH$ ñdm{VObH$mo {dídmg ho gmo `Ú{n _oK OS> ho Vmohþ dmH$mo _ZmoaW
H$_©_| {ZaV OrdHw§$, {OZH$s AZwH$ånmHo$ A_¥Vgm| àH$Q> ^`mo B©jUê$n MÝÐ_m nyU© H$aV h|. Amoa _rZH$mo `hr ñd^md Ho$ Omo ObhrHo$ Aml` ahV ho. Omo dmH$mo
jU_mÌ_| _¥Ë`wa{hV ~Zm` XoV ho, {VZHo$ nX _moH$m| Aml`ê$n h|Ÿ!Ÿ&&7Ÿ&& Ob hr OrdZ ho. VmhrVo Ob dmH$s ajm H$aV ho. Vog|B© AnZmo Ord OmZtHo$
lrR>mHw$aOrH$s godm H$aZr. jU EH$ lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ MaUma{dÝXH$mo ÔZ N>moS>Zm|
Q>rH$m : A~ Ord ho gmo Ho$gohþ AKH$s ImZ hmo` Amoa Vm_| Vm_g H«$moYm{XH$hþ Zmht, ^ybZmo Zmht VmH$mo Zm_ ÑT> {dídmg. Amoa A{dídmgV| gd©Zme hmo`. Oog|
h|, Amoa H${b Omo ho gmo _hm_mar gn© ho. gmo `m OrdH$m| ZmZm àH$maHo$ ZmM nmÊS>dZ²H$m| {dídmg hVmo VmV| lrR>mHw$aOr CZH$s ajm {H$E Amoa Xw`m}YZH$mo
ZMmdV ho. OJV_| {df`m{XH$ Omo g§gma Vm_|hþ Ord Sy>{~ aømo ho, OmH$mo Zm_ A{dídmg hVmo VmV| dmH$mo gd©Zme ^`mo. Vmgm| Omo {H«$`m_| {dídmg Zmht gmo
"_hmn{VV' H${hò VmH$mo CÕma doXhÿ_| Zmht ho, Y_©_| a§MH$hþ VmH$s J{V Zmht g~ l_ hr OmZZm|. Vhm§ H$Ny>hþ \$bH$s {g{Õ Zmht ho. VmV| OmHo$ öX`_|
ho, Egmo nmnr OmH$mo Zm_ H$moD$ boV Zmht, Egmo Xwï> Ord hmo` gmoD$ Omo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo {_bdoH$s MmhZm hmo` VmH$m| O~ ÑT> {dídmg hmo` V~ gd©\$bH$s
lrAmMm`©OrH$s eaUr Amdo Vmo VmHo$hþ gH$b Xmof VËH$mb Xy[a hmoV h|. VmH$m|hÿ àmpßV hmo`. gmo ÑT>{dídmg lrAmMm`©OrHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo H$moZ àH$ma hmo`Ÿ?
nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo Omo \$b ho VmH$mo XmZ lrAmMm`©Or Amn H$aV h|. Ego lrAmMm`©Or gmo VmHo${bò lrJwgm§B©Or ñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥V J«ÝW lrAmMm`©_hmà^wZ²H$mo Om_|
Amn n{VVnmdZ na_X`mb h|. X¡dr OrdZ²Ho$ CÕmamW© {OZH$mo àmJQ>ç ho. gmo ñdê$ndaUZ ho gmo àJQ> {H$ò. `m J«ÝWH$mo nmR> d¡îUdZ²H$mo Zo_nyd©H$ H$aZmo. Vm
Omo d¡îUd AmMm`©OrHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo ÑT> Aml` H$[a AnZo öX`H$_b_| amIV H$[aHo$ lrAmMm`©OrHo$ MaUH$_b_| ÑT> {dídmg Amdo Amoa öX` ewÕ hmo`.
h| {VZHo$, _hmgn©ê$n `h H${bH$mb gJamo g§gmaH$mo Omo J«mg H$aV ho gmo Egmo {OZH$mo a§MH$ AÝ`ml` hmo` gmo Xya hmo`. Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrH$s ZmZm àH$maH$s Omo
Omo H$mb ho, gmo {ZH$Q>hþ Zht Am` gH$V. Ego lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wZ²Ho$ brbm ho {dZH$mo AZw^d hmo`. gmo nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$b ho gmo nmdo.
MaUma{dÝX h| Omo {OZH$mo ÑT> Aml` H$[aHo$ Ord `h bmoH$ nabmoH$_| XmoZm| R>moa
gwI hr nmdV ho. `m àH$ma "ñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥V' ho gmo lrJwgm§B©Or daUZ {H$ò A~ lrh[aamÒr H$hV h| Omo _| `h "ñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥V' J«ÝWH$s Q>rH$m
VmH$s Q>rH$m lrh[aamÒr {H$ò h|. A~ `m J«ÝWH$mo \$b H$hV h|. {H$`mohþ§ gmo lrAmMm`©Or Amoa lrJwgm§B©OrH$s H¥$nmVo {H$`mohþ§. Omo ào_m_¥V J«ÝW
_{` MoXpñV {dídmg: lrJmonrOZdëbô Ho$gmo hoŸ? gd© doX-nwamU lr^mJdV_| Omo gma ho, \$bê$n A_¥V ho, VmhrH$mo
VXm H¥$VmWm© `y`§{h emoMZr`§ Z H${h©{MV²Ÿ&& {Zê$nU ^`mo ho. Amoa `m J«ÝW_| nwamUnwéfmoÎm_ lr_hmà^wOrH$mo hr daUZ ho,
VmV| Omo d¡îUd "ñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥V'H$s Q>rH$mH$mo ~m§MoŸ-ŸgwZoŸ-ŸH$ho VmHo$ öX`_|
Omo EH${dídmg lrJmonrOZdëb^hrH$mo amIV ho gmo H¥$VmW©ê$n hr ho. gmo
109 110
gd©Wm lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^w Amn {~amO|. VmV| d¡îUdZ²H$m| `m J«ÝWH$mo nmR> Ÿ&&ŸZm_aËZm»`ñVmoÌ_²Ÿ&&
^mdg{hV {ZË`-Zo_nyd©H$ H$aV ahZmo. Amoa VmÑer d¡îUd hmo` {VZgm| {_{bHo$
(5)
`m J«ÝWH$mo ^mdmW© VÎd {dMmaZmo. AÝ` _mJu`Ho$ AmJo `m J«ÝWH$mo nmR> Z
H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo AnZmo _mJ© ho gmo Jmoß` _mJ© ho. Amoa `h J«ÝW \$bê$n lrXodH$sZÝXZOr lr{dÆ>boeà^wMaUZ²Ho$ 108 Zm_Z²Ho$ {ddaUH$mo Amaå^
ho VmV| Jmoß` amIZmo. H$[adogy§ n{hbo _“bmMaU H$aV h|.
Ÿ&& B{V lrñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥V_² H$s d«O^mfm Q>rH$m g_mßV ^B© Ÿ&& {ZO¡H$eaU§ lr_X²-JmoHw$b§ gd©Vmo ^`mV²Ÿ&&
a{jV§ òZ V§ {ZË`_² Amlò {J[aYm[aUm_²Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
{OZZ| AnZo eaU_| Amò JmoHw$bH$s g~ hr VahHo$ ^`Z²gy§ ajm H$s{Z ho

Ego lrJmodY©ZHw§$ YmaU H$[adodmao lr{J[aYmarZ²H$mo _¢ {ZË` Aml` H$ê§$ hþ§.
`Xw{XV-nWd{V©-Xoh^mOm§ ^d{V deo {H$b ZÝXJmongyZw:Ÿ&&

A{VH$éU_wnmñ`-{dÆ>boemË_O-aKwZmW_² Ah{Z©e§ ZVmo@pñ_Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
{OZHo$Ûmam Cn{Xï> nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©H$mo AZwgaU H$[adodmaoZH² $o de ZÝXJmonHw$_ma

ò Q>rH$m lrh[aamÒr{da{MV g§ñH¥$V Q>rH$mgy§ H$Ny>H$ {^ÝZ ñdVÝÌ
lrH¥$îU {ZíM` hr hmoV h| Ego A{VH$éUmdmao lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUZ²Ho$ nwÌ
^mfmQ>rH$m bJo ho. Š`m|Ho$ `mH$mo g§ñH¥$V Q>rH$mgy§ H$hþ§-H$hþ§ nmW©Š` ñnï> ho.
lraKwZmWOrH$m| _¢ Ah{Z©e
AWdm H$moB© AmoaHo$ Ûmam {da{MV lrh[aamÒrHo$ Zm_gy§ àM{bV hmo JB© bJo ho.
{df` gwÝXa hmo`dog§y H$ht-H$ht g§{jßV ^r H$aHo$ àH$m{eV H$a aho h| (gånmXH$). àUm_ H$ê§$ hþ§.
{d{dY àH$maHo$ nmnZ²Ho$ Vmngm| gÝVßV hmodVo Amoa AZoH$ OÝ_Z²gm|

^yVbn| {\$adodmao g^r X¡drOrdZ²H$o CÕmaH$mo gwJ_ Cnm` lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUZ²H$o
108 Zm_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$[adodmamo ò ñVmoÌ ho. gmo {dZ Zm_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU
H$[ado_|hþ {dZ Zm_aËZZ²H$mo hr Aml` H$aVo ^ò lraKwZmWMaU _“bmMaU H$a|
h|Ÿ:
`ÝZm_mH$m}X`mV² nmn-ÜdmÝV-am{e… àemå`{VŸ&&

{dH$gpÝV öXãOm{Z VÝZm_m{Z gXmlòŸ&&1Ÿ&&
lrñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥VñVmoÌ_²Ÿ Zm_aËZm»`ñVmoÌ_²Ÿ
111 112
gm_Ï`©dmao lrJwgm§B©Or `m _ÝÌHo$ A{Yð>mVm Xod h|. Amoa gd© nw{ï>^pŠV_mJu`Z²Ho$
`ÝZm_mH$m}X`mV²Ÿ=Ÿ{OZHo$ŸZm_ê$nŸgy`©Ho$ŸCX`gm| {dH$gpÝVŸ=Ÿ{Ibdo bJV ho gd© àH$maHo$ _ZmoaWZ²H$s {g{Õ H$[ado_| hr `m Zm__ÝÌH$mo {d{Z`moJ ho.
nmn-ÜdmÝV-am{e…=nmnê$nrŸAÝYH$maH$mo g_yh VÞm_m{Z={dZŸZm_Z²H$mo
àemå`{VŸ=ŸgånyU© Zï> hmo` OmV ho gXmŸ=ŸgXm A~ lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ 108 Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:
öXãOm{ZŸ=ŸöX`ê$nr H$_b AmlòŸ=ŸAml` H$ê§$ hþ§
lr{dÆ>b…1 H¥$nm{gÝYwa2² ^ŠVdí`mo3@{VgwÝXa…4Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : {OZHo$ Zm_ê$nr gy`©Ho$ CX`gm| ñdr` OZZ²Ho$ ^pŠV_mJu` gmYZ-
\$bHo$ Am‹S>o AmdVo XmofŸ-Ÿà{V~ÝYm{X ê$n AÝYH$ma nyU©ê$ngm| Zï> hmoV ho Amoa lr{dÆ>b…
gy`m}X`gm| Oog| H$_b {I{b OmV ho Vog| {OZHo$ Zm_Ho$ H$sV©Z-ldUm{Xgm| H$_©, kmZ, CnmgZm Am{X _mJ©Z²_| \§$go ^ò, ^JdËñdê$nHo$ kmZ Aé
ñdr` OZZ²Ho$ öX`H$_b ^JdX²^pŠVHo$ gÄMmagm| à\w$pëbV hmo` OmV h| Ego ^JdX²^pŠVHo$ kmZgy§ a{hV X¡dr nw{ï>OrdZ²nohþ H¥$nm H$[aHo$ Amn {dZH$mo
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUZ²Ho$ Zm_Z²H$mo _¢ Aml` H$ê§$ hþ§. nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©_| A“rH$ma H$ao h| Vmgy§ Amn "{dÆ>b' H$hmdV h|. AmnHo$ g^r
Zm_ ew^ h| Vmgy§ Zm_Ho$ AmJ| àmaå^_| hr "lr' H$ømo ho. Amn Eoíd`m©{X
(Ÿ`m ñVmoÌHo$ N>ÝX1 F${f2 Xod3 {d{Z`moJ Aé \$b{g{Õ4 H$mo {Zê$nUŸ) fS²>JwU`wŠV h|. Oog| ^JdmZ² ^ŠVZ²Ho$ CÕmamW© àH$Q>o Eg| Amnhþ X¡dr nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$
AmŸZw Ÿ ïw > Ÿ^Ÿ{_ŸhŸÀN>ŸÝX… 1 F$Ÿ{fŸaŸp½ZŸHw $ Ÿ_mŸaŸO… 2Ÿ&& CÕmamW© ^yVbno àH$Q> ^ò.
gŸd© Ÿ eŸpŠVŸgŸ_mŸ`w Ÿ ŠVmo Xo Ÿ d… lrdëb^mË_O… 3 Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
{d{Z`mo J … gŸ_ŸñVo Ÿ ï>Ÿ{gŸÕçŸW} {dŸ{ZŸê$Ÿ{nŸV… 4 Ÿ&& H¥$nm-{gÝYw:
^ŠVmoÕmaHo$ AW© AmnHw§$ àH$Q> hmo`doH$s H$hm Amdí`H$Vm hVrŸ? Vhm§
Xygamo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿlr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU H¥$nmHo$ gmJa h|. g_wÐ Oog| aËZZ²gy§
BhŸ=Ÿ`m_| F${f:Ÿ=Ÿ_ÝÌHo$ Ñï>m F${f
^`m} ^`mo ho Amoa AJmY ho Vog| Amnhþ ^pŠV^mdê$nr aËZZ²gy§ âo ^ò Amoa
AmZwï>w ^_²Ÿ=ŸAZwï>w n² gd©epŠVg_m`wŠV:= AJmY JwUdmao h|. ZXr, gamoda Am{X Vmo A{YH$ Ob ~agdogy§ N>b{H$ OmV h|
N>ÝX…=N>ÝX,Ap½ZHw$_ma-O…=Ap½ZHw$_ma gd©ŸVahH$sŸepŠVdmao Amoa Ob Zht ~ago Vmo gy{H$ hÿ OmV h| n[a gmJa Vmo gXm nyU© hr ahV ho, AnZr
lrdëb^mË_O…=lrdëb^mMm`©MaUH g_ñVoï>{gÕçW}Ÿ=Ÿg~ŸàH$maH$sŸ _`m©XmH$mo H$~hþ Cëb§KZ Zmqh H$aV ho. AmnHw$ H¥$nmHo$ gmJa H${hHo$ `h OVm`
Bï>H$s Omo Oog| g_wÐ gXm n[anyU© ahV ho Vog| AmnwH$s H¥$nmhþ nw{ï>OrdZ²n| gXm nyU© ahV
AmË_O Ego lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU {g{ÕHo$ AW©, {d{Z`moJ…Ÿ=ŸCn`moJ ho. Amn H¥$nmbw h| Vmgm| nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$ CÕmamW© àH$Q> ^ò h|.
Xod:Ÿ=ŸXodVm {d{Zê${nV…Ÿ=Ÿ{Zê${nV {H$`mo ho.
^ŠV-dí`:
^mdmW© : `m Zm__ÝÌ-ñVmoÌH$mo N>ÝX AZwïw>n² ho. Ap½ZHw$_ma lr{dÆ>bZmW- Cna H$ømo Omo Amn _`m©XmH$mo H$~hþ CëbL²>KZ Zmqh H$aV h|. Vhm§ e‘>m
à^wMaUHo$ AmË_O lraKwZmWOr `m Zm__ÝÌHo$ Ñï>m F${f h|. g^r àH$maHo$ hmoV ho Omo _`m©Xm H$moZgr _`m©XmŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn ^ŠVZ²Ho$ de h| AWdm
^ŠVZ²Hw§$ AnZo de_| amIV h|. Vmgm| _`m©Xm ^pŠVê$n OmZZr. Ame` ò ho Omo
Zm_aËZm»`ñVmoÌ_²Ÿ Zm_aËZm»`ñVmoÌ_²Ÿ
113 114
Amn H$~hþ ^pŠV_mJ©H$s _`m©XmH$mo CëbL²>KZ Zmqh H$aV h|. àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ Amn {dZH$m| Amoa g~Z²Ho$ _ZmoaW nyU© H$[aHo$ AmZÝX XoV h|.
A{V-gwÝXa… XwÑ©í`:
AmnHo$ ñdê$nH$mo dU©Z H$aV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn AË`ÝV gwÝXa h|. AWm©V² {OVZr g~Z²Ho$ _ZmoaW nyU© H$aV h| V~ g~ hr AmnH$mo ÔZ Š`m| Zht H$aV h|Ÿ?
gwÝXa dñVw h| {VZ g~Z²gm| Amn gwÝXa h|. Š`m| Omo Amn AmZÝX_` h|. Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿ^ŠVOZZ²Hw§$ N>m§{‹S>Ho$ AÝ` H$moC AmnHo$ Abm¡{H$H$
ñdê$nH$mo Xe©Z H$ï>gy§hþ H$[a gH$V Zmqh. Š`m| Omo Abm¡{H$H$ ñdê$n Vmo
H¥ $ îUbrbmagm{dï>… 5 lr_mZ² 6 dëb^-ZÝXZ… 7 Ÿ&& bm¡{H$H$ BpÝÐ`Z²gy§ Xo»`mo OmgHo$ Egmo hmoV Zmqh. gmo dm BpÝÐ`mVrV ñdê$nH$mo
Xe©Z Vmo Amn ñd`§ BÀN>m H$a| V~hr hmoB gH$V ho.
Xw Ñ © í `mo 8 ^ŠVgÝÑí`mo 9 ^pŠVJå`mo 10 ^`mnh… 11 Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
^ŠV-gÝÑí`:
H¥$îU-brbm-agm{dï>…
Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo BpÝÐ`mVrV ñdê$nH$mo Xe©Z ^ŠVOZ hþ Ho$go H$aV
Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo AmnH$mo AmZÝX Ho$gmo hoŸ? gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸnyU© AmZÝX
hmoB§JoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿ^ŠV Vmo AmnwHo$ Xe©Z AZm`mg hr H$ar gH$V h|. Š`m|
hr {OZH$mo ñdê$n ho Ego lrH¥$îUH$s brbmaggm| Amn n[anyU© h|.
Omo Xe©Z AmnH$s BÀN>mHo$ AYrZ h|. ^ŠVZ²Ho$ {dfo AmnH$s BÀN>m AZwHy$b
JrVm_| ^JdmZ²Zo H$ømo ho Omo ""Omo OmHo$ Cna lÕmdmamo hmo` ho gmo VÐyn hmoBdogm| ^ŠV AmnHo$ Xe©Z H$ar gH$V h|.
hmoV ho''. lÕm_mÌgm| Omo VÐyn hmoV hmo` Vhm§ OmH$m| gmjmV² ñdê$n-brbH$mo
gXm Amdoe ahVmo hmo` dmH$s AmZÝXê$nVm_| H$hm H$hZmoŸ! gmo Oog| lrH¥$îUH$mo
ñdê$n Amoa brbm Abm¡{H$H$ h| Vog| dm ñdê$n-brbmaggm| n[anyU© AmZÝXhþ ^pŠV-Jå`:
Amn_| Abm¡{H$H$ hr ho. Xe©Z Vmo BpÝÐ`Z²gm| hmoV ho. BpÝÐ`Z²_| hr Abm¡{H$H$ ñdê$nHo$ Xe©ZH$mo
gm_Ï`© Zht hmo` V~ AmnHo$ Xe©Z Ho$go hmoB gH|$Ÿ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV
h|Ÿ:Ÿ^pŠVgm| AmnH$mo kmZ Amoa Xe©Z hmoB gH$V h| Eg| Amn h|. AOw©ZHw§$ O~
lr_mZ²
^JdmZ²Ho$ Abm¡{H$H$ ñdê$nH$mo Xe©Z H$[adoH$s BÀN>m ^B© V~ ^JdmZ²Zo dmgm|
Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo agmdoeH$mo AZw^d Vmo AÝV:H$aU_| hr hmoV ho. gmo Ho$go H$ømo Omo Voao `m bm¡{H$H$ Mjwgm| _oamo Xe©Z VmoH$m| hmoB Zht gHo$Jmo. Vmgm| _|
OmÝ`mo Om`Ÿ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿ^JdÐgmdoe hmo`don| Omo amo_mÄM hmoV ho VmoH$m| {Xì` Mjw XoV hm|. `m| H$hrHo$ ^JdmZ²Z| AOw©ZH$m| ^pŠVê$nr {Xì`-
gmo Amn_| ~mha hþ àH$Q> hmoV ho. Egr emo^mdmao hmo`dogy§ AmnH$m| "lr_mZ²' H$ho Abm¡{H$H$ Ð{ï> XrZr. Vmgm| AOw©ZZo ^JdmZ²Ho$ {dídê$n ñdê$nH$mo Xe©Z H$ao.
h|. Amoa hþ H$hV h| Omo Oog| nmÌ_| ag AÝXa nyU© ^[a Om` VmnmN>| ~mha Š`m| Omo ^JdmZ² ñd`§ JrVm_| Amkm H$aV h| Omo ""^pŠVgy§ _moHw$ AmN>r ^m§{Vgy§
CÀN>{bV hmoVhr ho Vog| Amn_| nyUm©ZÝX AÝV:à{dï> hmo`dogy§ dmH$mo ~mhahþ àH$Q> OmZo ho'' ""AZÝ` ^pŠVgy§ hr _oao Ego ñdê$nH$mo Xe©Z hmoB gH$V ho''. Eg| hr
hmoZmo `wŠV hr ho. lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ Abm¡{H$H$ ñdê$nHo$ Xe©Zhþ Amn_| ^pŠV hmo`dono hmoB
gH$V h|.
dëb^-ZÝXZ…
A~ AmnHo$ àmH$Q²çHo$ {dfo H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿ_hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©MaUHo$ Ka ^`mnh…
115 116
Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo Oog| H$mbXmofgy§ am{ÌHo$ AÝYH$ma_| Mjw {dÚ_mZ² H$[aXoV h|.
dñVwHw§$ hþ XoIr Zmqh gH$V ho Vog| ^ŠVH$m| hþ AmnHo$ Xe©Z_| H${bH$mbm{XH$Ho$
à{V~ÝY Am` gHo$ h|. V~ ^ŠV AmnHo$ Xe©Z Zmqh H$[a gHo$Jmo. Vhm§ Xygamo amg-brbm-ag-_hmoX{Y…
Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn H$mb, H$_©, ñd^md Am{X H¥$V gd© àH$maHo$ à{V~ÝYZ²H$m|
H$_b Vmo Ohm§ Vm§B© Ob_| ahV ho Vhm§ Vm§B© gag hmoV ho Vmgm| VmnhmaH$
Xya H$[adodmao h|.
hmoV ho Obgm| ~mha {ZH$m{gdo nmN>| Vmo Zrag hmoB OmV ho. gmo Zrag H$_b Oog|
Vmn Xy[a Zmqh H$[a gH$V ho Vog| H$_bVwë` hmodogm| AmnH$s Ñ{ï>hþ H$Xm{MV² Vmn
AŸZŸÝ`Ÿ^ŸŠVŸöŸXŸ`mo 12 XrŸZmŸZmŸW¡ Ÿ H$Ÿg§ Ÿ lŸ`… 13&& Xya H$[a Z gHo$Ÿ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ? Amn amgbrbmHo$ agHo$ _hmZ² g_wÐ
amOrdbmo M Zmo 14 amgbrbmag_hmo X {Y… 15&&5Ÿ&& h|. "_hmZ²' dmo H$hmV ho OmHw$ Zmnr Zmqh gH$mV. gamoda_| hmoVo àmH¥$V H$_b
H$Xm{MV² Vmngm| gyH$s gH$V h| n[a agg_wÐ lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ lrA“_|
AZÝ`-^ŠV-öX`: aho ^ò ZoÌH$_b Vmo gXm aggm| n[anyU© hmoBdogm| H$~hþ {Zag Zmqh hmoV h|. Vmgm|
AmnHo$ ZoÌH$_b ^ŠVZ²Ho$ VmnHw§$ {ZíM` hr haV h|.
~hmaHo$ ^` Vmo Om{Zdo_| Am` gH$V h| Vmgm| {dZHw§$ Xya H$[a gH$V h| n[a
AÝXaHo$ à{V~ÝYH$mo kmZ hmoB gH$V Zmqh. gmo Ho$go {Zd¥Îm hmoB§JoŸ? Vhm§ EH$
Amoa Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ? Omo lrH¥$îUHo$ A{V[aŠV AÝ` H$mhþH$mo ÔZ Zmqh H$aV Y_© g o V w a ² 16 ^pŠVgo V w … 17 gw I go ì `mo 18 d« O o í da… 19&&
h| Eg| AZÝ`^ŠV AmnHo$ öX` h|. AWdm AZÝ`^ŠVZ²Ho$ öX`_| Amn {~amOo ^ŠVemo H $mnh… 20 emÝV… 21 gd© k … 22 gd© H $m_X… 23 &&6Ÿ&&
h|. Vmgm| {dZHo$ AÝXaHo$ à{V~ÝYZ²Hw§$ Om{ZHo$ Zme H$aV h|. ^mJdV_| H$ømo
ho Omo ""gmYw nwéf _oamo öX` h| Amoa _| gmYw nwéfZ²H$mo öX` hþ§''. Vmgm|hþ Amn Y_©-goVw:
^JdXr`Z²Ho$ AmÝVXm}fZ²Hw§$ Om{Z gH$V h|.
`{X g_wÐ CÀN>{bV hmo` Vmo dmH$mo Ob gd©Ì \o$b Om`. Amn hþ
amgbrbmagHo$ g_wÐ h| V~ gd©Ì dm agHw$ àH$Q> Š`m| Zmqh H$aV h|Ÿ? Vhm§
XrZmZmW¡H$-g§l`… Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿlr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU Y_©, AW©, H$m_ Amoa _moj BZ Mm`m]
Amn Vmo B©ída h|, OrdZ²gm| g_mZVm Amn Š`m| H$aV h|Ÿ? Amn gd©gmYZgm| nwéfmW©Z²H$mo nmbZ H$[admao h|. `{X gd©Ì dm agHw§$ àH$Q> H$[a X| Vmo AÝ`
hrZ Ego XrZ Amoa {OZH$mo AÝ` H$moC Aml` Zmqh ho Ego AZmW OrdZ²Ho$ nwéfmW©Z²Hw§$ H$m¡Z nyN>oJmoŸ! Vmgy§ Amn Egmo Zmqh H$aV h|.
EH$_mÌ Aml` h|. Omo OmH$mo Aml` ~ZV ho gmo `{X Am{lVHo$ g“ gXmhr Zht
aho Vmo dmo "Aml`'hr Zmqh H$hmdV ho. "g§l`' H$hrHo$ ò gy{MV {H$`mo Omo ^pŠV-goV…w
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU Omo Am{lV hmoV h| {dZHo$ gXm g“ hr ahV h|.
^pŠV_mJuZ²Hw§$ `{X Y_m©{X nwéfmW©Z²gy§ H$moC à`moOZ Zmqh ho V~ Y_m©{X
nwéfmW© {dZHw§$ H$V©ì`hþ Zmqh h|. V~ Amn {dZHo$ nmbH$ Ho$go H$hdmd|JoŸ? Vhm§
amOrd-bmoMZ: Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿlr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU nw{ï>_mJu` \$bê$n ^pŠVHo$ nmbH$ h|.
A~ H$hV h| Omo AmYw{ZH$ Ord ^pŠV_mJ©_| hmo`donohþ g§gma_| n‹S>o ^ò gmYZê$nm ^pŠV_| dUm©l_m{X Y_©ZH² $mo n[aË`mJ H$V©ì` Zmqh ho. Vmgm| ^pŠV_mJrhþ
hmo`dogy§ {dZHo$ VmnHw§$ {_Q>mZmo H${R>Z ho. Vhm§ AmJoH$mo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸH$_bnÌHo$ {dZH$mo AmMaU H$aV h|. Amn Vmo Y_© Amoa ^pŠV XmoCZ²Ho$ nmbH$ h|. Vmgm|
Oogo AmnHo$ ZoÌ h| gmo H¥$nmnyU© Ñ{ï> H$[ado_mÌgm| ^ŠVZ²Ho$ {Ì{dY VmnZ²H$m| Xya OmH$mo Om _mJ©_| A“rH$ma hmo` dmH$mo dm _mJ©H$s ar{V AZwgma nmbZ H$aV h|.
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H$aV h| V~ Amn_| H«$moYm{XH$hþ gå^dVo hmoBJª ,o gmo H$hm do ^JdmZ²H$o g‘>fU© ì`yhê$n
gwI-goì`: h|Ÿ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn emÝV h|, BVZ| H«$moYgm| a{hV h|. Vmgm| AmnH$m|
Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo ^pŠV_mJ©_|hþ Šd{MV² Y_m©{XH$mo Ë`mJ Xo{Ido_| AmdV g‘>f©Uê$n Z OmZZo. AWdm Oog|-Oog| ^ŠVH$m| BÀN>m hmoV ho Vog|-Vog| {dZH$s
ho. gmo Š`m|Ÿ? Amn gwIgm| godmH$[ado `mo½` h|. ^JdXr`Z²H$m|Vmo g~hr H$mb BÀN>mZ²H$s ny{V© H$aV h|. emÝV H$hrHo$ Amn ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Bï>H$mo gånmXZ H$[adodmao
godmW© hr hmoV ho. Vmgm| ^JdËgodmHo$ H$mb_| `{X AÝ` H$V©ì` àmßV hmoVo hm|` h| Eg| OVm`mo.
Vmo ^JdXrÒZ do H$V©ì` godmHo$ AZdga_| H$aV h|. `m ~mVH$mo {ddoMZ
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUZ²Zo ""AmXamX² Abmon:'' `m ~«÷gyÌHo$ ^mî`_| {dñVmagm| gd©-k…
{H$`mo ho. Vmgm| AmnHw§$ "gwIgoì`:' H$ho h|. Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo BÀN>m Vmo _Z_| hmoV ho, VmH$moŸkmZ AmnH$m| Ho$go hmoV
hoŸ? Vhm§ Xygamo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAÝXa-~mhaŸg~H$Nw> Amn OmZo h|. Amn ^JdmZ²
d«Oío da… h| Vmgm| Amn_| g~H$Nw> CnnÝZŸho.
Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo A~ Vm§B© {OZ Zm_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo gmo Zm_Z²_| d{U©V
JwU Vmo Ho$db nyU©nwéfmoÎm_ lrH¥$îU_| hr hmo` gHo$ h|. Amoa lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU gd©-H$m_-X…
Vmo dogo XrgV Zmqh h|. Amn Vmo AÝ` AdVmaZ²Ho$go XrgV h|. V~ nydm}ŠV JwU Amn gd©k ^bo hmoC n[a {d{dY àH$maHo$ ^ŠVZ²H$s {d{dY àH$maH$s
Amn_| Ho$go g“V hmoB§JoŸ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn d«OHo$ B©ída h|. BVZ|, BÀN>mZ²Hy§$ nyU© H$aZmo Vmo AË`ÝV H$ï>gy§ gmÜ` ho gmo Amn Ho$g| H$aV h|Ÿ? `h
à^yZ²H$mo gmjmX² Am{d^m©d Vmo d«O_| hr ho gmo ""ZÝXñËdmË_O CËnÝZ:''H$s e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ Xygamo Zm_ H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn ^ŠVZ²H$m| A{^b{fV g~ Xododmao h|.
gw~mo{YZr_| lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Zo {Zê$nU H$sZmo ho. lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUhþ pñWaê$ngm|
gXm d«O_| d«OoídaH$s Ý`mB§ {~amOo gmo d«Ooída h| gmo AmnH$mo `h Zm_ `WmW©
épŠ_Ura_U… 24 lremo 25 ^ŠVaËZnarjH$… 26&&
hr ho.
^ŠVaj¡ H $Xj… 27 lrH¥ $ îU^pŠVàdV© H $… 28&&7Ÿ&&
^ŠV-emoH$mnh…
épŠ_Ur-a_U…
lrH¥ $ îU Vmo ^ŠVZ² H o $ ^`Hy § $ h[ado H o $ AW© d« O _| nYmao hVo .
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUZ² hþ H$hm dmhr hoVwgm| d«O_| nYmao hVoŸ? Vhm§ AmJoH$mo Zm_ àH$mamÝVagm| hþ lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUH$mo ^JdmZ²gm| gmå` AÝ` Xmo Zm_Z²gm|
H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿ^ŠVZ²Ho$ emoH$ BVZ| Am{V©Hy§$ Xy[a H$[adodmao Amn h|. Oog| ^JdmZ² H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn lrépŠ_UrOrHo$ n{V h|.
lrH¥$îUH$mo Am{d^m©d ^ŠVZ²Ho$ ^`Hy§$ h[adoHo$ AW© ^`mo hVmo Vog| AmnH$mo
àmH$Q²çhþ g_PZmo. lre:
Amn lrbú_rOr ñdê$n lrnX²_mdVrOrHo$ n{V h|.
emÝV…
^JdmZ² Vmo ^ŠVHo$ A{Zï>Z²H$mo {ZdmaU g‘>f©Uì`yhÛmam H$aV h|, Amnw Vmo ^ŠV-aËZ-narjH$…
^ŠVH$mo Bï> hr H$aV h|. n[a lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU ^ŠVHo$ A{Zï>Z²H$mo dmaU A~ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo nw{ï>^ŠV Aé gmYmaU _Zwî` EH$ g[aIo hr XrgV
119 120
h| V~ {dZ_|Vo nw{ï>^ŠVZ²H$m| Amn Ho$g| OmZV hmoBªJoŸ? Vhm§ AmJoH$mo Zm_ H$hV gd©-emñÌ-{dXJ«Ur…
h|Ÿ:ŸAmn ^ŠVê$nr aËZZ²Ho$ narjH$ h|. BVZ|, Oog| Om¡har aËZ Oogo ^m{gV hmoVo BVa _mJu` npÊS>Vhþ emñÌ OmZo h|, do lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ AmJ| Ho$g|
H$mMm{XH$Hy§$ AbJ H$[aHo$ {dZ_|gy§ aËZZ²Hy§$ n¥WH²$ Om{Z boV ho Vog| Amn CÎm_ Mwn hmoB OmV h|Ÿ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿgd© emñÌZ²Ho$ kmVmZ²_| Amn AJ«Ur
nw{ï>^ŠVZ²H$m| AÝ` gmYmaU _Zwî`Z²gy§ OwXo Om{Z gH$V h|. h| BVZ| A{YH$ kmZdmZ² h|. Vmgm| AmnHo$ AmJ| AÝ` npÊS>V Mwn hmoB OmV h|
gmo `wŠVhr ho.
^ŠV-aj¡H$-Xj…
OmHo$ nmg aËZ hmoV ho gmo dmH$s ajm_| gXm VËna ahV ho; ^ŠVhþ aËZê$n H$_©-OmS²ç{^XwîUm§ew…
h| Vmgm| H$hm Amnhþ {dZH$s ajm_| gXm VËna ahV hmoBªJoŸ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUH$s gdm©{YH$ kmZdÎmm_| à_mU H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸH$_©, kmZ
h|Ÿ:ŸAmn ^ŠVZ²H$s ajm H$[ado_| àdrU h|. BVZ|, Amn Omo H$Nw> H$aV h| gmo Am{X _mJ©Z²H$s O‹S>VmH$m| Xya H$[adodmao gy`©ê$n h|. BVZ|, `Ú{n, Ap½Z Am{X
^ŠVH$s ajmHo$ H$mO hr H$aV h| Eg| _yb_| "Ed'H$magm| OVm`mo ho. Ûmam hþ am{ÌHo$ g_` erVm{X OÝ` O‹S>VmH$mo dmaU hmoB gH$V ho VWm{n gy`©
gdm©{YH$ VoOñdr hmoV ho Vmgm| gy`©gm| Oog| O‹S>VmH$mo gd©Ì Zme hmoV ho Vogmo
lrH¥$îU-^pŠV-àdV©H$… AÝ` H$moC àH$magm| Zmqh hmoV ho. Vog| Amn gdm©{YH$ kmZdmZ² h| Vmgm|
Eg| H$[adoH$mo H$maU Zm_mÝVagm| H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿ\$bê$n lrH¥$îU_| gdm©Ë_^mdê$nm H$_m©{X_mJ©Z²_| O‹S>VmHo$ H$maU \§$go ^ò X¡dr OrdZ²H$s O‹S>VmH$m| Amn hr Xy[a
^pŠVHo$ Amn àdV©H$ h|. ^ŠVH$m| O~ Vm§B© \$bê$n ^pŠV {gÕ Zmqh hmoV ho H$[a gH$V h| Vmgm| gy`©ê$n H$ho h|.
V~ Vm§B© dmHo$ ^JdX²^mdH$s ajm H$aZr Amdí`H$ hmoV ho. gmo lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU
Oog| ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ àdV©H$ h| Vog| ajH$hþ h|. ^ŠV-ZoÌ-gwYmH$a…
AmnH$m| gy`© H$ho h| gmo H$hm ^ŠVZ²H$m| Amn Vmnê$n Zmqh hmoBªJoŸ? Vhm§
_hmgw a {VañH$Vm© 29 gd© e mñÌ{dXJ« U r… 30&& Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿlr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU ^ŠVZ²Ho$ ZoÌZ²H$m| AnZo ñdê$nm_¥VH$mo
H$_© O mS² ç {^Xw î Um§ e w … 31 ^ŠVZo Ì gw Y mH$a… 32&&8Ÿ&& XmZ H$[aHo$ {dZHo$ VmnH$mo haU H$[adodmao gwYmH$a BVZ| MÝÐê$n h|.
_hmgwa-{VañH$Vm© _hmbú_r-J^© a ËZ§ 33 H¥ $ îU-dË_© - g_w X ² ^ d… 34&&

BVa _mJ©Z²H$mo à{VnmXZ H$[adodmao AZoH$ {dÛmZZ²Ho$ CnoXoeZ²H$mo ldU ^ŠV-{MÝVm_{U… 35 ^pŠVH$ënÐw _ -Zdm‘w > a… 36 &&9Ÿ&&
H$[adogy§ g~Z²Ho$ {MÎm ^«mÝV hmo` aho h| Vm_| {ZJw©U nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©_| àd¥{Îm Ho$g|
hmo`JrŸ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿ^mJdVmoŠV _mJ©gm| {^ÝZ _mJ©H$mo à{VnmXZ _hm-bú_r-J^©-aËZ_²
H$aZmo gmo AgwanZm| OmZZmo. Vm_|hþ ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo {damoY Vmo _hm AgwanZm| ho. Ego lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ àmH$Q²çH$mo àH$ma H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn lr_hmbú_rOrHo$
_hm AgwaZ²H$mo Amn {VañH$ma H$[adodmao h|. BVZ|, {OZ à_mUZ²gm| BVa_mJu` J^©gm| àH$Q> ^ò aËZHo$ gm_mZ² h|. Oog| aËZ ImZ_| hmoV ho n[a H$moC ^m½`dmZ²H$m|
npÊS>V| ñd_mJ©H$mo à{VnmXZ H$aV h| dm hr à_mUZ²gm| {dZHo$ _mJ©ZH² $o Aàm_mÊ`H$mo hr àmßV hmoV ho Vog| Amn gXmhr {dÚ_mZ² h| n[a ^ŠVZ²Ho$ ^m½`moX`Ho$ H$mO
Amn à{VnmXZ H$aV h|. àH$Q> ^ò.
121 122
Eg| lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU hþ bú_rOr g{hV JmoHw$b_| {~amOV h|.
H¥$îU-dË_©-g_wX²^d…
^yVbn| àH$Q> hmoB©Ho$ AmnZo H$hm H$sZmo gmo H$hV h|Ÿ? AmnZ| H¥$îU H$m{bÝXr-nw{bZ-{à`…
gå~ÝYr {ZJw©U nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©H$mo àmH$Q²ç {H$`mo. AWdm "H¥$îUdË_©'H$mo AW© AmnHo$ JmoHw$b_| hr {~amOdoH$mo H$maU H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmnH$m| lr`_wZmOrH$mo
Ap½Zhþ hmoV ho. Vmgm| d¡ídmZañdê$n lrdëb^mMm`©MaUZ²gm| AmnH$mo àmH$Q²ç VQ> AË`ÝV {à` ho. lr`_wZmOrHo$ VQ>n| AmnH$m| A^rï> ^JdëbrbmH$mo gwI
ho AV: AmnH$mo Ap½ZHw$_manZm| hþ {gÕ hmoV ho. àmßV hmoV ho.
^ŠV-{MÝVm_{U: JmodY©ZmJ_-aV…
nw{ï>^pŠV_mJuZ²Ho$ ^JdmZ² {df`H$ _ZmoaW Vmo AZoH${dY hmoV h| gmo g~ lrJmodY©Z nYm[ado_| Amn gXm CËgwH$ ahV h|.
^ŠVZ² H o $ g~ _Zmo a W Ho $ g| ny U © H$aV hmo B ª J o Ÿ ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV
h|Ÿ:Ÿlr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU ^ŠVZ²Ho$ {MÝVm_{Uê$n h|. BVZ|, Oog| {MÝVm_{U
{à`-d¥ÝXmdZmMb…
{MpÝVV {df`H$m| àmßV H$amdV ho Vog|, àmW©Zm {dZm hr Amn ^ŠVZ²Ho$ {MpÝVV
{df`H$m| CnbãY H$[a XoV h|. lrJmodY©Z nYm[adoH$mo H$maU OZmdV h|Ÿ:Ÿlr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUH$m| d¥ÝXmdZ
Aé AMbŸ=ŸlrJmodY©Z {à` h|. AWdm Amn d¥ÝXmdZ_| AMb àr{V`wŠV h|
Egmo hþ AW© ho.
^pŠV-H$ënÐw_-Zdm‘w>a…
Amn Ho$db {MpÝVV AW©H$m| hr XoV h|, àm{W©V AW©H$m| H$hm Zmqh XoV h|Ÿ?
Jmo d Y© Z m{Ð-_IH¥ $ Z² 41 _ho Ý Ð-_X-{^V² - {à`… 42&&
Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmn ^pŠVê$nr H$ënÐw_Ho$ ZdrZ A‘w>aê$n h|. `hm§ `h
^md OmZZmo Omo ^pŠVê$nr H$ënÐw_Ho$ A‘w>[aV hmo`do _mÌgm| ^ŠVHo$ gd© AW© H¥ $ îUbrb¡ H $-gd© ñ d… 43 lr^mJdV-^md{dV² 44&&11Ÿ&&
{gÕ hmoB© OmV h| Vhm§ ^pŠV O~ {gÕ hmo` V~ H$hm AW© àmßV Z hmo`Ÿ! Vmgm|
{MÝVm_{Uê$n hmoB©dogm| {MpÝVV AW©H$m| XoV h| Aé H$ënd¥jê$n hmoB©dogm| àm{W©V JmodY©Zm{Ð-_I-H¥$Z²
AW©H$m|hþ XoV h|, Eg| Amn_| XmoCŸJwUŸh|. lrJmodY©Z nYm[aH|$ Amn H$hm H$aV h|Ÿ? lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU JmodY©Z
gå~ÝYr `kHo$ H$[adodmao h|. Oog| ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUZ| AdVmaH$mb_| "Jmogd'
lrJmo H w $ b-H¥ $ Vmdmg… 37 H$m{bÝXr-nw { bZ-{à`… 38&& Zm_H$mo `k {H$`mo hVmo Vog| Amnhþ à{Vdf© Vmhr àH$magm| JmodY©Z_| `k H$aV
Jmo Ÿ dŸY© Ÿ ZmŸJŸ_ŸaŸV… 39 {àŸ`Ÿd¥ Ÿ ÝXmŸdŸZmŸMŸb… 40&&10Ÿ&& h|.
_hoÝÐ-_X-{^V²-{à`…
lrJmoHw$b-H¥$Vmdmg… lrH¥$îUmdVma_| JmodY©Z`kHo$ ~IV Vmo gmjmV² lrJmodY©ZZ| g~ gm_J«rZ²H$mo
A“rH$ma {H$`mo hVmo, Amn Omo `k H$aV h| V~hþ H$hm Ego hr A“rH$ma H$aV
AmnHo$ {~amOdoHo$ ñWmZ {dfo H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿlr`wŠV JmoHw$b_| {OZZ| {Zdmg
hoŸ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸBÝÐHo$ A{^_mZH$m| Xy[a H$[adodmao lrH¥$îUMÝÐ
{H$`mo ho Ego Amn h|. Oog| lrH¥$îUHo$ OÝ__mÌgm| d«O gd© gm¡^m½``wŠV hmoB J`mo
AmnH$m| AË`ÝV {à` h|. BVZ|, Omo OmH$mo {à` hmoV ho gmo AnZo H$m`©Ho$ H$aVo
123 124
AnZo {à`Ho$ H$m`©H$m| A{YH$ _mZV ho. Vmgm| lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ H$m`©H$m| H$hV h|Ÿ:Ÿd«OHo$ B©ída lrH¥$îU_| gdm©Ë_^mdê$nm ^pŠV H$amdV h|. BVZ|,
lrH¥$îU A{YH$ _m{ZHo$ A“rH$ma H$aV h|. gdm©Ë_^mdê$nm ^pŠVgm| A{YH$ nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©_| Amoa H$moC \$b Zmqh ho. Vmgm|
ò _mJ© ñd`§ hr \$bê$n ho Vhm§ `m _mJ©V| H$hm \$b hmoV ho ò e‘>m hr AàñVwV
H¥$îU-brb¡H$-gd©ñd… ho.
AmnH$s H¥$îU{à`Vm Vmo A{Zd©MZr` ho, dmH$mo kmZ AÝ` ^ŠVZ²H$m| Ho$g|
hmoB© gH$V hoŸ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸlrH¥$îUH$s brbmhr AmnH$mo gd©ñd ho. VZ²-{Z_ÝÌU-^moOH$…
Amn {ZaÝVa H¥$îUbrbmH$mo hr ñ_aU, H$WZ, ldU Am{X H$aV h|. `mhrV| ^pŠV_mJ©_| H$moD$ Ord A{YH$mar ho. Vmgm| eyÐm{X hrZ `mo{ZHo$ Ord
AmnH$s H¥$îUmgpŠVH$mo kmZ hmoB© OmV ho. ^pŠV_mJ©_| Am`Ho$ à^yZ²H$m| ^moJm{XH$ g_n] Vmo H$hm à^w {dZÛmam g_{n©V
^moJH$mo A“rH$ma H$aV hmoBªJoŸ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV h|Ÿ:ŸAmnHo$ {Z_ÝÌUHo$ de
lr^mJdV-^md-{dV² lrH¥$îU gd© nw{ï>^pŠV_mJuZ²Ho$ dhm§ ^moJm{XH$mo A“rH$ma H$aV h|. BVZ|,
emñÌ_| H$ømo ho Omo ~«m÷U hþ `{X ^ŠV Zmqh ho Vmo dmHo$ Ûmam g_{n©VH$mohþ
lrH¥$îUbrbmH$mo ñ_aUm{X Amn Ho$g| H$aV h|Ÿ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV
^JdmZ² A“rH$ma Zmqh H$aV h|. Amoa eyÐ hþ `{X ^ŠV ho Vmo dmHo$ Ûmam
h|Ÿ:Ÿlr^mJdVHo$ ^mdH$m| Om{Zdodmao h|. lr^mJdV ^pŠVemñÌ ho `m VÎdHy§$ Omo
g_{n©VH$mo ^JdmZ² ào_gm| ñdrH$ma H$aV h|. Vmgm| lrdëb^mï>H$_| H$ømo ho
OmZV h| {dZH$m| hr lr^mJdVHo$ AÜ``Zgm| ^JdXmgpŠV hmoV ho AÝ`H$m| Zmqh
""`m nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©_| pñWV Omo H$moC ^ŠV H$moC dñVwH$mo H$hþ§hþ Ho$g|hþ à^yZ²H$m|
hmoV ho.
g_n©U H$aV ho dmH$mo Jmonrn{V ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îU àgÝZVmgm| A“rH$ma H$aV
h|''.
{nŸV¥ Ÿ -ŸàŸdŸ{V© Ÿ VŸ-ŸnŸWŸ-ŸàŸMmŸaŸ-Ÿgw Ÿ {dŸMmŸaŸH$… 45&&
d« O o í da-àr{V-H$Vm© 46 VpÝZ_ÝÌU-^mo O H$… 47&&12Ÿ&& ~mb-brbm{X-gw à rVmo 48 Jmo n r-gå~pÝY-gËH$W… 49 Ÿ&&
A{V-Jå^ra-VmËn`© … 50 H$WZr`-Jw U mH$a… 51Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
{nV¥-àd{V©V-nW-àMma-gw-{dMmaH$…
Amn Vmo gd©k h| Vmgm| ^pŠVemñÌHo$ {dfo g~ H$Nw> OmZV h| n[a AÝ` ~mb-brbm{X-gw-àrVmo
Vmo gd© k Zmqh h| gmo do bmo J Ho $ go g_O| Ÿ ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa H$hV
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU à^yZ²H$s ~mb, nm¡JÊS> VWm {H$emoa brbm_| A{Ve`
h|Ÿ:Ÿlrdëb^mMm`©MaUÛmam àd{V©V nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ àMmaHo$ {dfo Amn ~hþV
àr{Vdmao h|.
{dMma H$[adodmao h|. BVZ| Omo _mJ©_| Am`mo ^`mo ho gmo gm_mÝ` ì`pŠV hþ
^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ {gÕmÝVH$m| AmN>r ^m§{Vgm| g_wPr gH$V ho. Aé H$moB© npÊS>V hþ
hmo` n[a _mJ©_| `{X Am`mo Z hmo` Vmo H$Nw> g_wPr gH$V Zmqh ho `h OmZZmo. Jmonr-gå~pÝY-gËH$W…
Eg| lr^mJdV nwamUHo$ Xe_ñH$ÝYHo$ à_mU, à_o` VWm gmYZ àH$aU_|
d«Ooída-àr{V-H$Vm© {Zê${nV ^Jdëbrbm_| AmnH$s AmgpŠVH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ A~ \$b àH$aU_|
{Zê${nV ^Jdëbrbm_| AmnH$s {deof AmgpŠV AJbo Zm_gy§ OVmdV
nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©H$mo kmZ H$amB©Ho$ Amn H$hm \$b XoV h|Ÿ? Vhm§ Zm_mÝVa
h|Ÿ:ŸlrJmonrOZZ²H$s CÎm_ brbmH$WmH$m| H${hdodmao h|.
125 126
AW© H$hV h| Omo AmnH$mo M[aÌ _hmZ² BVZ| An[a{_V JwUZ²gm| nyU© {ZXm}f M[aÌ
A{V-Jå^ra-VmËn`©… ho.
Amn Omo ^JdËH$Wm H$hV h| VmH$mo VmËn`© AË`ÝV Jå^ra hmoV ho. `m|
H${hHo$ `h OVm` Omo ^ŠV {dZm AÝ` H$moC AmnHo$ VmËn`©H$m| Om{Z gH$V Zmqh AZo H $Ÿ-Ÿ{j{VnŸ-Ÿlo U r-_y Y m© g ŠVŸ-ŸnXmå~w O … 56 Ÿ&&
ho. {dà-Xm[aÐç-Xmdmp½Z… 57 ^yXodmp½Z-ànyOH$…58&&15Ÿ&&
H$WZr`-JwUmH$a… AZoH$-{j{Vn-loUr-_yYm©-gŠV-nXmå~wO…
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU CÎm_ àH$magm| dU©Z H$[ado `mo½` AZÝV JwUZ²Ho$ AmnHo$ MaUma{dÝX AZoH$ amOmZ²Ho$ _ñVH$Cna h|. BVZ| AmnHo$ Abm¡{H$H$
^§S>ma h|. à^mdgm| amOm OmoVqgh, amOm AmgH$aU, amOm Q>moS>a_b, AH$~a, nraOmXr,
~ra~b Oog| AZoH$ amOnwéf AmnH$m| _mZV hVo.
{nV¥-d§ŸemoŸXŸ{Y-{dYw…52 ñdmŸZwŸê$Ÿn-gwŸVŸàŸgy…53&&
{XŠMH«$d{V©gËH$s{V©a²54 _hmo‚db-M[aÌdmZ²55Ÿ&&14Ÿ&& {dà-Xm[aÐç-Xmdmp½Z…
XmZm{XH$[aH|$ ~«m÷UZ²H$s X[aÐVmH$mo Zme H$[adodmao h|.
{nV¥-d§emoX{Y-{dYw… ^yXodmp½Z-ànyOH$…
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU {nVmHo$ d§eê$n g_wÐ_|gm| MÝÐHo$ Oog| àH$Q> ^ò h|. `km{XH$Ûmam Amn n¥Ïdr, XodVm Aé Ap½Z H$mo gËH$ma H$aV h|.
MÝÐmoX` hmo`don| g_wÐ_| d¥{Õ hmoV ho Eg| AmnHo$ àmH$Q²çgm|hþ {nV¥d§eH$s d¥{Õ emñÌ_`m©XmHo$ ajUmW© ÛmaH$m_| ^JdmZ² Oog| `k-XmZ-VrW©-Vn©Um{X emñÌr`
^B© ho. H$_© H$aV hVo Vog|
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUhþ bmoH$_| emñÌ_`m©XmHo$ ajUmW© `km{X
ñdmZwê$n-gwV-àgy… H$aV h|.
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU AnZo Vwë` nwÌZ²H$m| àH$Q> H$[adodmao h|.
Jmo - ~« m ÷U-àmU-ajm-na… 59 gË`-namÙ… 60 Ÿ&&
{XŠMH«$d{V©-gËH$s{V©: {à`-lw{VnW… 61 eídZ² _hm-_IH$a… 62 à^w… 63&&16Ÿ&&
AmnH$s CÎm_ H$s{V© gd© {XemZ²_| ì`mßV ho.
Jmo-~«m÷U-àmU-ajm-na…
_hmo‚db-M[aÌdmZ² Amn Jm` Aé ~«m÷U Ho$ àmUZ²H$s ajm H$[adodmao h|.
lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaU _hmZ² CÁdb M[aÌdmao h|. BVZ|, {Xem Oog| n[a{_V
hmoV ho Vog| AmnH$s H$s{V©_|hþ H$mhþH$m| n[a{_VVmH$s e‘>m hmo` gmo VmHo$ dmaUHo$ gË`-namÙ…
127 128
Amn gË` BVZ| na~«÷_| namÙ a{hdodmao ^JdXr` h|. AWdm Amn gË` OrdZ²H$m| ñdñWVm àXmZ H$[adodmao h|.
BVZ| CÎm_ kmZdmZ² h|.
ZmZmŸ-Ÿ^« _ Ÿ-Ÿ{ZamH$Vm© 67 ^ŠVmkmZ{^Xw Î m_… 68&&
{à`-lw{V-nW… _hm-nw é f-gË»`m{Va² 69 _hm-nw é f-{dJ« h … 70&&18Ÿ&&
AmnH$m| doX_mJ© A{V {à` ho. H¥$îUmdVma_| lw{V`| Jmonrê$ngm| àH$Q> ^B©
hVr. Vmgm| {dZ lw{Vê$nm JmonrOZZ²H$mo _mJ© AmnH$m| A{V {à` ho Egmohþ ^md ZmZm-^«_-{ZamH$Vm©
`m Zm_H$mo ho.
AZoH$ àH$maHo$ _mJ©Z²Ho$ CnXoeH$m| ldUH$[aH|$ ^«mÝV ^ò OrdZ²Ho$ ^«_H$mo
{ZamH$aU H$[adodmao Amn h|.
eídZ² _hm-_I-H$a…
Amn {ZaÝVa gmo_m{X _hm`k H$[adodmao h|. BVZ|, AÝ` OZ Vmo ^ŠVmkmZ{^XwÎm_…
ñdJ©bmoH$m{XH$H$s àmpßVHo$ AW© `k H$aV h| n[a Amn Vmo à^wH$m| `kê$n
Amn ñdH$s` ^ŠVZ²Ho$ gd©{dY AkmZH$m| Xy[a H$[adodmao CÎm_ AmMm`© h|.
Om{ZHo$ {dZH$s àr{VHo$ AW© `k H$aV h| Vmgm| _yb_| "_hm'nX H$ømo ho.
_hm-nwéf-gË»`m{Va²
à^w…
AmnH$s »`m{V _hmnwafZ²_| hþ ho. AWdm AmnHo$ H$maU _hmnwéfZ²H$s
Amn gd©g_W© h|.
»`m{V ho. AWdm AmnH$s »`m{V _hmnwafZ²gm| hþ A{YH$ ho.
H¥ $ îUmZw J « h Ÿ-Ÿg§ b ä`mo 64 _hmŸ-Ÿn{VVŸ-ŸnmdZ… 65&&

_hm-nwéf-{dJ«h…
AZo H $_mJ© - g§ p Šbï> - Ord-ñdmñÏ`àXmo _hmZ² 66&&17Ÿ&&
AmnH$mo {dJ«h _hmnwéfZ²Ho$ H$mO ho. Omo ^JdËgå~pÝY hmoV h| do hr
"_hmnwéf' H$hdmdV h|. Ego _hmnwéfZ²Ho$ H$mO Amn àH$Q> ^ò h|. AWdm
H¥$îUmZwJ«h-g§bä`mo ^JdXr` AmnHo$ {dJ«h-A“ê$n h| Egmo hþ AW© hmoV ho.
AmnHo$ Ûmam lrH¥$îUH$mo AZwJ«h gwb^ hmoV ho.
Xe© Z r`V_mo 71 dm½_r 72 _m`mdmX-{Zamg-H¥ $ V² 73&&
_hm-n{VV-nmdZ… gXm àgÝZ-dXZmo 74 _w ½ Y-pñ_V-_w I må~w O … 75&&19Ÿ&&
lr{dÆ>bZmW à^wMaU _hmn{VV OrdZ²H$m|hþ nmdZ H$[aHo$ CÕma H$[adodmao
h|. Xe©Zr`-V_mo
Amn AË`ÝV Xe©Zr`-gwÝXa h|.
AZoH$-_mJ©-g§pŠbï>-Ord-ñdmñÏ`-àXmo _hmZ²
Amn H$_©-kmZ-CnmgZm{X AZoH$ _mJ©Z²_| ^Q>{H$Ho$ Šboe nm`dodmao dm½_r
129 130
AmnH$s dmUr _Zmoha. Amn à_mU-`wpŠV nwañga Oog| gd©OZZ²H$m| ~moY
hmo` Vog| à{VnmXZ H$aV h|. dmŠgw Y mH¥ $ ï>-^ŠVmÝV…-H$aU… 79 eÌw - VmnZ… 80 Ÿ&&
^ŠV-g§ à m{W© V -H$amo 81 XmgXmgrpßgVàX… 82Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&
_m`m-dmX-{Zamg-H¥$V²
Amn _m`mdmXH$mo {Zamg H$[adodmao h|. dmŠgwYmH¥$ï>-^ŠVmÝV…-H$aU…
BVZ| OJV _m`mgm| ~Ý`mo ho Ego Om _m`mdmXH$mo lre‘>amMm`©Zo à{VnmXZ AnZo dMZê$nr A_¥Vgm| lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUZ| ^ŠVZ²Ho$ AÝV:H$aUH$m|
{H$`mo dmH$mo {Zamg H$[adodmao h|. `h H${hHo$ `h hþ OVm`mo Omo emñÌgm| {déÕ de {H$ò h|.
{OVZo _V-dmX h| {dZ g~Ho$ Amn {ZamgH$Vm© h|. eÌw-VmnZ…
eÌwH$m| AnZo àVmnV| Xmh H$aV h|. ^pŠV_mJ©gm| {damo{Y ^mdHy§$ eÌw^md
gXm àgÝZ-dXZmo OmZZmo. Ego ^mdZ²H$mo Ord_|Vo Zme H$aV h|.
Amn gXm àgÝZVmgm| {~amOV h|. AmnHo$ H$maU AmnHo$ godH$hþ gXm
àgÝZ ahV h|. ^ŠV-gåàm{W©V-H$amo
^ŠV OmH$s àmW©Zm H$aV h| dmHy§$ nyU© H$aV h|. AWdm AmnHo$ ^ŠVhþ Ego
_w½Y-pñ_V-_wImå~wO… g_W© h| Omo {dZHo$ gå_wI H$moB© àmW©Zm H$aV ho Vmo dmH$m| nyU© H$aV h|.
AmnH$mo _wIma{dÝX gwÝXa hmñ``wŠV ho.
Xmg-XmgrpßgV-àX…
76 77
ào _ mÐ© Ñ J² - {dembmj… {j{V_ÊS>b_ÊS>Z… Ÿ&& AmnZo Xmg-XmgrZ²Ho$ _ZmoaW nyU© H$aV h|.
{ÌOJX²-ì`m{n-gËH$s{V©-YdbrH¥$V-_oMH$…78 Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&
A{M³ Ë `-_{h_m-@_o ` mo 83 {dñ_`mñnX-{dJ« h … 84 Ÿ&&
ào_mÐ©-ÑJ²-{dembmj… ^ŠVŠbo e mgh… 85 gd© g hmo 86 ^ŠVH¥ $ Vo de… 87Ÿ&&22Ÿ&&
ào_gm| ^rOo ZoÌdmao ^ŠVZ²n| Amn H¥$nm`wŠV {demb ZoÌZ²gm| XoIV h|.
A{M³Ë`-_{h_m-@_o`mo
{j{V-_ÊS>b-_ÊS>Z… AmnH$s _{h_m A{M³Ë` ho Vmgm| gmYmaU Ord AmnH$mo ñdê$n Om{Z
Amngm| "{j{V_ÊS>b' BVZ| n¥Ïdr emo^m`_mZ² ^B© ho. gH$V Zmqh h|.
{ÌOJX²-ì`m{n-gËH$s{V©-YdbrH¥$V-_oMH$… {dñ_`mñnX-{dJ«h…
VrZm| bmoH$Z²_| ì`mßV H$s{V©gm| AmnZo X¡dr nw{ï>OrdZ²H$m| n{dÌ {H$ò h|. AmnH$mo {dJ«h-ñdê$n {dñ_` H$am`dodmamo ho.
131 132
g~ ^ŠVZ²H$m| AnZmo g~ H$Nw> XmZ H$[ado_| Hw$eb h|. BVZ|, Wmoamo-~hþV
^ŠV-Šboemgh… Vmo H$moC XoB© gHo$ n[a AnZo gd©ñd Omo ^JdËñdê$n gmo Vmo AnZo godH$Z²H$m| Amn
Amn ^ŠVHo$ ŠboeH$m| g{h gH$V Zmqh h|. hr XoV h|.
gd©-ghmo JrV-g“rV-gmJa…
Amn g~ H$Nw> ghZ H$[adodmao h|. Amn Jm`Z-dmXZ Am{X H$bmHo$ gmJa h|.
BVZ| ^ŠV `Ú{n Om{ZHo$ AnamY H$aV Zmqh ho VWm{n ^ŠVV| Šd{MV² Jmo d Y© Z mMbgImo 92 Jmo n Jmo J mo { nH$m{à`… 93&&
AkmZgm| H$moC AnamY hmoB© OmV ho Vmo dmH$m| Amn ghZ H$aV h|, XÊS> Zmqh XoV {MpÝVVkmo 94 _hm~w { Õa² 95 OJX² d ÝÚnXmå~w O … 96&&24Ÿ&&
h|. Oog| H¥$îUXmg A{YH$m[aZo AmnH$m| lrOrH$s godm_| nYmaVo amoHo$ VmoC AmnZo
{dZH$mo j_m XrZr. JmodY©ZmMbgImo
JmodY©Z_| pñWa dmg H$[adodmao lrJmodY©ZYa AmnHo$ gIm h|. AWdm
^ŠV-H¥$Vo de… lrJmodY©Z nd©V AmnHo$ gIm h|. lrJmodY©Z nd©V ^ŠVloð> h| Vog| Amnhþ h|.
Amn ^ŠVZ²Ho$ AYrZ h|. Vmgm| Amn XmoCZ²H$mo g»` `wŠV hr ho.
AmMm`© - aËZ§ 88 gdm© Z w J « h H¥ $ Z² Ÿ •Ÿ_ÝÌ{dÎm_… 89Ÿ&& Jmon-Jmo-Jmo{nH$m-{à`…

g d © ñ d X m Z H w $ e b m o 90J r V g “ r V g m J a … 91Ÿ & & 2 3 Ÿ & & Jmon, Jm` Aé Jmo{nH$m AmnH$m| AË`ÝV {à` h|.
AmMm`©-aËZ§ {MpÝVVkmo
lrdëb^mMm`©MaUHo$ aËZê$n Amn h|. BVZ| AnZo {nVmHo$ ñZohnmÌ Amn Amn ^ŠV VWm ^JdmZ² Ho$ {dMmaZ²H$m| Om{Zdodmao h|.
h|. AWdm g_ñV AmMm`©Z²_| Amn aËZê$n loð> h|.
_hm-~w{Õ:
gdm©ZwJ«h-H¥$Z²-_ÝÌ-{dÎm_… Amn AË`ÝV ~w{Õembr h|.
g~Z²n| AZwJ«h H$[adodmao Amn _ÝÌH$m| Om{Zdodmao h|. "_ÝÌ'H$mo AW© ahñ`
hmoV ho. Amn gd©emóHo$ ahñ`ê$n lrH¥$îUHw§$ àmßV H$[adoHo$ Cnm`H$m| AmN>r OJX²-dÝÚ-nXmå~wO…
^m§{Vgm| Om{Zdodmao h|. AmnHo$ MaUma{dÝX g_ñV OJVH$m| dÝXZr` h|.
gd©ñd-XmZ-Hw$ebmo OJXmíM`© a gH¥ $ V² 97 gXm H¥ $ îU-H$Wm-{à`… 98 &&

133 134
gw I mo X H© $ H¥ $ {V… 99 gd© g ÝXo h Ÿ-ŸÀN>o X X{jU… 100 Ÿ&&25Ÿ&& AmnH$mo AÝV:H$aU gXm lrH¥$îU_| ahV ho. AWdm lrH¥$îU gXm Amn_|
~gV h|.
OJXmíM`©agH¥$V²
Amn g~Z²H$m| AmíM`© H$amdV h|. BVZ|, bm¡{H$H$ _Zwî` gÑe XrIdon|hþ ñdg_n©H$…
Abm¡{H$H$ H$m`© H$aV h| Vmgm| g~Z²H$m| AmíM`©ŸhmoVŸho. AnZmo J¥h-Xoh-YZm{XH$ g~ H$Nw> à^yZ²H$m| g_{n©V H$aV h|.
gXm H¥$îU-H$Wm-{à`… {Zdo { X^ŠVgd© ñ d§ 106 eaUmÜdàXe© H $… 107 &&
H¥$îUH$s H$Wm AmnH$m| gXm {à` ho. lrH¥ $ îUmZw J ¥ h rV¡ H $ • àmW© Z r`nXmå~w O … 108 &&27Ÿ&&
gwImoXH©$H¥${V… {Zdo{X-^ŠV-gd©ñd§
AmnH$s H¥${V gwIX \$b CËnÝZ H$[adodmar ho. {OZ ^ŠVZ²Z| à^yZ²H$m| AmË_{ZdoXZ {H$`mo ho {dZHo$ Amn gd©ñd h|.
gd©-gÝXoh-ÀN>oX-X{jU… eaUmÜd-àXe©H$…
Amn ^ŠVZ²Ho$ gd© gÝXohZ²H$mo N>oXZ H$[ado_| Hw$eb h|. Amn eaU_mJ©Ho$ {XIm`dodmao h|. BVZ| ^JdmZ²Zo ^JdX²JrVm Am{X_| Om
eaU_mJ©H$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho dmH$m| AmN>r ^m§{Vgm| g_wPm`dodmao Amn h|.
ñdnjajUo Xj… 101 à{Vnj-j`§ H $a… 102 &&
Jmo{nH$m{dahm{dï>…103 H¥$îUmË_m104 ñdg_n©H$…105&&26Ÿ&& lrH¥$îUmZwJ¥hrV¡H$-àmW©Zr`-nXmå~wO…
lrH¥$îUZ| {OZH$m| AZwJ«hrV {H$ò h| Ego ^ŠVgm| hr AmnHo$ MaUH$_bH$s
ñd-nj-ajUo Xj… àmW©Zm hmoB gH$V ho.
AnZo njH$mo Amn AmN>r ^m§{Vgm| ajU H$[adodmao h|.
(Ÿ`m ñVmoÌHo$ nmR>H$mo \$bŸ)
à{V-nj-j`‘>a… B_m{Z Zm_aËZm{Z lr{dÆ>b-nXmå~w O _² Ÿ &&
AnZo {damo{Y njH$mo Amn Zme H$[adodmao h|. Ü`mËdm VXo H $eaUmo `… nR>o V ² g h[a¨ bô V ² Ÿ &&28Ÿ&&
`X² - `Z² _Zñ`{^Ü`mò V ² VÎmXmßZmo Ë `g§ e `_² Ÿ &&
Jmo{nH$m{dahm{dï>…
d«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ {d`moJ^mdgm| Amn Am{dï> h|. lr{dQ²>R>bnXmå~wO_²Ÿ=Ÿlr{dQ²>R>bZmW- Zm_aËZm{ZŸ=ŸZm_ê$nr aËZZ²H$mo
à^wMaUHo$ MaUH$_bZ²H$mo nR>oV²Ÿ=ŸnmR>ŸH$aoŸho, g:Ÿ=Ÿdmo
H¥$îUmË_m Ü`mËdmŸ=ŸÜ`mZ H$[aHo$ h[a_²Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$m|
135 136
VXoH$eaU:Ÿ=ŸEH$ {dZhrHo$- bôV²Ÿ=ŸàmßV H$ao ho lr{dÆ>b-nXmå^moO-_H$aÝX-Owf:Ÿ=Ÿlr{dQ²>R>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ MaUH$_bHo$
eaU_| a{hHo$, `:Ÿ=ŸOmo `X²-`Z²Ÿ=ŸOmo-Omo, _Z{gŸ=Ÿ_Z_| namJH$mo godZ H$[adodmao
B_m{ZŸ=Ÿ`m A{^Ü`mòV²Ÿ=Ÿ{~Mmao ho lraKwZmWñ`Ÿ= ŸlraKwZmWOrH$s
VV²-VX²Ÿ=Ÿdmo-dmo, AmßZmo{VŸ=ŸàmßV H$ao ho, Ag§e`_²Ÿ=Ÿg§e` Zmht ho B`§Ÿ=Ÿò
H¥${V:Ÿ=ŸaMZm
^mdmW© : lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ MaUH$_bZ²H$mo Ü`mZ Y[aHo$ {dZhrHo$ eaU_| A{Ze_²Ÿ=ŸgXm
a{hHo$ Omo AmnHo$ BZ Zm_ê$nr aËZZ²H$m| Ono ho gmo lrh[aH$m| àmßV H$ao ho Amoa {dO`VoVam_²Ÿ=Ÿ{dO` àmßV H$aVr aho
_Z_| Omo-Omo _ZmoaW H$ao ho gmo g~ _ZmoaW nyU© hmoV ho.
^mdmW© : lr{dÆ>bZmWà^wMaUHo$ MaUH$_bHo$ namJH$mo godZ H$[adodmao
Zm_aËZm{^Y{_X§ ñVmo Ì § `… ànR>o V ² gw Y r…Ÿ&&29Ÿ&& lraKwZmWOrH$s ò H¥${V gXm {dO`H$mo àmßV H$aVr aho.
ËdXr`§ V§ J¥ h mUmew àmÏ`© _ ² EVZ² __ à^mo Ÿ &&
Ÿ&&ŸB{V lraKwZmW{da{MV§ Zm_aËZm»`ñVmoÌ§ gånyU©_²Ÿ&&
à^moŸ=Ÿho à^wŸ! V§Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo Amn
BX§Ÿ=Ÿò ËdXr`§Ÿ=ŸAmnwZmo Om{ZHo$
Zm_aËZm{^Y§Ÿ=Ÿ"Zm_aËZ'Zm_H$mo AmewŸ=ŸerK«,
ñVmoÌ§Ÿ=ŸñVmoÌH$mo J«hmUŸ=ŸñdrH$ma H$amo
`:Ÿ=ŸOmo EVZ²Ÿ=Ÿò
gwYr:Ÿ=Ÿ~{Õ_mZ² __Ÿ=Ÿ_oar
ànR>oV²Ÿ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgm| nmR> H$ao àmÏ`©_²Ÿ=ŸàmW©Zm ho
^mdmW© : ho g_W© à^moŸ! _oar Amngm| ò àmW©Zm ho Ho$ Omo ~{Õ_mZ² ^ŠV `m
"Zm_aËZ'Zm_H$ ñVmoÌH$mo AW©-VmËn`©Ho$ kmZ VWm lÕm nyd©H$ nmR> H$ao dmH$m|
Amn AmnwZmo Om{ZHo$ ñdrH$ma H$amo.
lr{dŸÆ>bŸ-ŸnŸXmŸå^mo Ÿ O-_ŸH$ŸaÝXŸ-ŸOw Ÿ fmo Ÿ @{ZŸeŸ_² Ÿ &&

B`§ lraKw Z mWñ` H¥ $ {Va² {dO`Vo V am_² Ÿ &&30Ÿ&&
137 138
&& lr`‘wZmï>H$‘² && &&lr‘Ëà^w M aU{da{MVm {dd¥ { V:&&
(6)
`m lr`‘wZmï>H$H$mo AW©kmZnyd©H$ nmR> H$[adogm| ÔZmZÝXH$s {g{Õ hmo`Jr {dídmoÕmamW©‘odm@@{d^y©V-d¥ÝXmdZ{à`m:&
`m Ame`gm| lr‘X²dëb^mMm`© AmR> íbmoH$Z²Ho$ Ûmam lr`‘wZmOrHo$ ñdê$nH$mo H¥$n`ÝVw gXm VmVMaUm ‘{` {dÆ>bo&&
dU©Z H$a| h|: {d{dYbrbmon`mo{JZt H$m{bÝXt ñVmoVwH$m‘m: lrJmoHw$boeo `Wm Ord¡:
Z‘Zm{V[aŠV§ Z H$V©w§ eŠ`§, VWm H$m{bÝÚm‘{n B{V AmeòZ AmXm¡ Z‘Z‘od
Z‘m{‘ `‘w Z m‘h§ gH$b{g{Õho V w § ‘w X m Amhþ: "Z‘m{‘' B{V. ^JdVm Aï>{dY¡íd`ª H$m{bÝÚ¡ XÎm‘² B{V kmnZm` Aï>{^:
‘w a m[a-nX-nL² H $O-ñ’w $ aX‘ÝX-ao U y Ë H$Q>m‘² && íbm¡H¡$: ñVwdpÝV. gmjmX²- ^JdËgodmon`mo{J-XohmpßV-VëbrbmdbmoH$Z-
VQ>ñW-ZdH$mZZ-àH$Q>-‘moX-nwînmå~wZm VÐgmZw ^ d-gdm© Ë ‘^mdmX`: gH$b{gÕ`mo ko ` m:. AVEd Z‘Z§ ‘w X {n.
ObXmofmË‘H$‘wañ` Aao: nXnL²H$O`mo: ñ’w$aÝV: godmon`mo{J-Xohm{X-gånmXZmoÝ‘wIm
gw a mgw a -gw n y { OV-ñ‘a{nVw : {l`§ {~^« V r‘² & &1&&
ò aoUdmo A‘ÝXm d«OgwÝXar-d¥ÝX-MaUaoU-w gm{hËòZ AZënm: Vo CËH$Q>m Obmnoj`m
A{YH$m `Ì. EVoZ Xmof^`§ ^JdËàmpßV{dbå~íM AnmñV:. AJ«o ñnï>‘².
AÝd`mW© : ObXe©Zñ` ^JdËñ‘maH$Ëd§ ^mdOZH$Ëd§ M kmn{`Vw§ "ñ‘a{nV¥'nX‘²&&1&&
gH$b{g{ÕhoVw§=gH$b{g{ÕHo$ H$maU^yV
‘wam[anXnL²H$O-ñ’w$aX‘ÝX-aoUyËH$Q>m‘² =‘waX¡Ë`Ho$ eÌwHo$ MaUH$‘b‘| M‘H$Vr Q>rH$m : lr`‘wZmOrHw$§ ‘¢ Z‘Z H$ê$§ hþ§. lr`‘wZmOr Ho$go h| gmo {Zê$nU H$aV h|
~hmoVgr aOgy§ âo^ò Omo Amn g~ {gÕrZ²Ho$ H$maU h|. ^ŠVZ²‘| ^JdX²^mdH$s d¥{Õ H$ao h|, ^JdmZ²H$mo
VQ>ñWZdH$mZZàH$Q>‘moXnwînmå~wZm =VQ>na ZdrZ dZ‘| àH$Q> nwînZ²H$o g“gm| gå~ÝY hmo`do‘| Omo-Omo à{V~ÝY hm|` {VZ g~Z²Hw$§ {‘Q>m`Ho$ ^JdmZ²H$mo AZw^d
gwJpÝYV Obgm| H$[ado‘| {OVZr ew{ÕH$s Amdí`H$Vm ho {VVZr ew{Õ H$a| h|, {~Zm hr l‘
gwamgwa-gwny{OV-ñ‘a-{nVw:= gwa Amoa Agwa gm| Am{N> ^m§{Vgm| ny{OV ^JdmZ²H$mo gå~ÝY H$amd| h|, ^JdmZ²H$mo {à`nZmo {gÕ H$a| h|, H${bH$s {Zd¥{Îm
{l`§=emo^mHw$§ Ah§=‘¢ H$a| Egr ^JdXr`Z²H$s ~‹S>mB© YmaU H$a| h|, ZdrZ (à^wgodmon`moJr) Xoh gånmXZ
H$a| h| BË`m{XH$ Aï>{dY Eoíd`© AmnH$m| {gÕ h|. Amoa à^wH$s brbmH$mo Xe©Z
{~^«Vt=YmaU H$[adodmar ‘wXm=àgÝZVmgm|
H$amdo h|, à^wH$s brbmHo$ AmZÝXH$mo AZw^d H$amdo h|, gdm©Ë‘^mdH$s {g{Õ H$a|
`‘wZm§=`‘wZmOrH$m| Z‘m{‘=Z‘Z H$ê$§ hþ§ h|, ^JdmZ²Ho$ {d`moJ‘|hþ ^JdmZ²Ho$ Amdoedmamo Xoh {gÕ H$a| h|, {OZH$s bm¡{H$H$
g~ {df`Z²‘| Ñ{ï> Z hmo` Amoa ^rVa Ñ{ï> hmo` {VZHw$§ à^wH$s brbmHo$ Xe©ZH$s
^mdmW© : lr`‘wZmOrHw$§ ‘¢ Z‘Z H$ê$§ hþ§. lr`‘wZmOr g~ {gÕrZ²Ho$ H$maU h|. {g{Õ H$amdo h|. à^wH$mo {dah hmo` V~ Oogmo gdm©Ë‘^md M{hò Vogmo gdm©Ë‘^md
‘wam[a Omo lrH¥$îU {VZHo$ MaUma{dÝXH$s aO Obgy§ A{YH$ Om‘| ñ’w$am`‘mZ ho {gÕ H$a| h| BË`m{XH$ AZoH$ {g{Õ h|. BZ g~ {g{ÕZ²Ho$ H$maU (=Xo`dodmao)
Ego• AmnHo$ VQ>no CJo ^ò nwînZ²gm| gwJpÝYV dZHo$ H$maU •gwJÝY`wŠV ObH$[aH|$ lr`‘wZmOr h|.
gwa^md Amoa Agwa^md dmao ^ŠVZ²Hw$§ à^wH$mo ñ‘aU hmo` Egr emo^mHw$§ YmaU H$ao
h|. gmo XmoC àH$maHo$ ^ŠV ^JdmZ²H$s àmpßVHo${bò lr`‘wZmOrH$mo nyOZ H$aV h|. ‘wam[a Omo lrH¥$îU {VZHo$ MaUma{dÝXH$s aO Obgy§ A{YH$ Om‘| ñ’w$am`‘mZ
lr`_wZmï>H$_² lr`_wZmï>H$_²
139 140
ho (Ego Amn h|). à^wHo$ ~hmoV Zm‘ h| {VZ‘| "‘wam[a' Zm‘ {bpIdoH$mo A{^àm` gKmofJ{VXÝVwam=ObàdmhHo$ KmofÛmam {d{dY ag-^mdZ²H$m| àH$Q> H$aVr ^B©
Egmo ho Omo Oog| ^m¡‘mgwaZo gmoah hOma amOH$Ý`mZ²Hw$§ amoH$s hVr {VZHw$§ ^JdmZ²H$s g‘{Yê$T>-XmobmoÎm‘m=CÎm‘ nmbH$s‘| {~am{OHo$ nYmaVr ^B©
àmpßV hmo`do‘| à{V~ÝYê$n ObH$mo XmofmË‘H$ ‘waX¡Ë` hVmo. VmHw$§ ‘m[aHo$ ^JdmZ²Z| ‘wHw$ÝX-a{V-d{Õ©Zr=^JdmZ² ‘wHw$ÝXH$s a{VH$m| ~‹T>m`dodmar
g~Z²Hw$§ A“rH$ma H$s{Z. Vog|{h à^wH$s àmpßV‘| à{V~ÝYê$n Omo Xmof hmo` VmHw$§
nÙ-~ÝYmo:=H$‘bHo$ gIm gy`©H$s
{‘Q>m`Ho$ à^w Amn ^ŠVZ²H$m| A“rH$ma H$a| h|. Ego à^wHo$ MaUma{dÝXH$s aO
lr`‘wZmOr‘| ñ’w$am`‘mZ ho ò OVm`doHo${bò "‘wam[a' Zm‘ H$ømo ho. VQ>no Omo CJo gwVm=nwÌrH$mo
^ò dZ h| {VZH$s gwJÝY {OZHo$ nwînZ²‘| àH$Q> hmo` ahr ho {dZ nwînZ²gm| O`{V=CËH$f© hmoC
gwJpÝYV dZHo$ H$maU gwJÝY`wŠV ObH$[aH|$ gwa^md Amoa Agwa^md dmao ^ŠVZ²H$w §
à^wH$mo ñ‘aU#B*#A hmo` Egr emo^mHw$§ YmaU H$ao h|. Vm‘| X¡Ý`^mddmao ^ŠV ^mdmW© : gy`©‘ÊS>bV| H${bÝXnd©VHo$ Cna {Jadogy§ ’o$Z ~hmoV hmo`dogy§ nya ~hmoV
gwa^mddmao h| Amoa ‘mZ^mddmao ^ŠV Amgwa^mddmao h|. Eg| XmoC àH$maHo$ ^ŠV Amdo ho, VmH$[aH|$ CÁdb h|. D$§Mo-ZrMo nd©VZ²n| MT>Zmo-CVaZmo ho gmo
^JdmZ²H$s àmpßVHo${bò lr`‘wZmOrH$mo nyOZ H$aV h|&&1&& {dbmgJ{Vê$n‘| gwemo{^V ho. ObàdmhH$mo doJ nmfmUHw$§ D$§Mo ’|$Ho$ ho Vmgy§ do
nmfmU àH$Q> XrIo h|. VmH$[aH|$ lr`‘wZmOrH$mo àdmh D$§Mmo XrIdo‘| Amdo ho.
{Q>ßnUr:*N>mÝXmo½` Cn{ZfX²‘| "ñ‘a'H$mo AW© ñ‘aU {b»`mo ho. Vog| `hm§hþ eãXg{hV àdmhH$s J{Vgy§ {dbmg`wŠV CÎm‘ qhS>mobm‘| {damOVo hm|` Eg| OmZ
g‘OZmo. naV h|. ‘wHw$ÝX lrH¥$îUH$s àr{V ^ŠVZ²‘| ~T>md| h| Amoa ^ŠVZ²H$s àr{V ^JdmZ²‘|
~T>md| h|. Amoa H$‘bHo$ ~ÝYwê$n gy`©H$s nwÌr h|. Ego lr`‘wZmOr g~Z²V| ~‹S>mB©gy§
{dam{OV h|.
lr`‘wZmOrHo$ àmH$Q>çH$mo àH$ma ~Vmd| h|:
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H${bÝX-{J[a-‘ñVHo $ nVX‘ÝX-ny a mo Á Ádbm
nmVo ’o$ZoZ àdmhOboZ M CÁÁdbm. CÀM-ZrM-e¡bmamohmdamohm¡ {dbmgJ{Vê$nm¡.
{dbmg-J‘Zmo ë bgV² - àH$Q>-JÊS>e¡ b mo Ý ZVm && VÌ CëbgÝV: emo^m§ àmßZwdÝV: àdmhdoJoZ CÀM¡: {jßVm AVEd àH$Q>m: gd}fm§
gKmof-J{V-XÝVwam-g‘{Yê$T>-XmobmoÎm‘m Ñí`m: V¡: VmÑe¡: VWm. CÀMV: nmVo emo^m‘² CŠËdm VVmo {df‘^y{‘J{Vemo^m‘²
‘w H w $ ÝX-a{V-d{Õ© Z r O`{V nÙ~ÝYmo : gw V m&&2&& Amhþ: "gKmof' B{V. "XÝVwa'eãXoZ {d{dY{dH$madÎd‘² CÀ`Vo. ""{dnwb-
nwbH$â-XÝVw[aV‘²'' (JrVJmo{dÝX 11&22&7) ""Ho$V{H$-XÝVw[aVmeo'' (VÌ¡d
H${bÝX-{J[a-‘ñVHo$="H${bÝX' Zm‘Ho$ nd©VHo$ {eIan| 1&3&6) BË`m{X O`XodmopŠVa{n. d«OOZ-Jmod¥ÝXm{X-{d{dYJ{V{^: VmÑerd.
nVX²-A‘ÝX-nyamoÁÁdbm={JaVo ~IV Vrd« doJHo$ H$maU C‚db ’o$Z VWm
àdmh dmao "Kmof:' eãXmo d«Omo dm. AZ{VñWyb{ebmgw J{V-emo^`m Ag‘{Yê$T>od
{dbmg-J‘ZmoëbgV²-àH$Q>-JÊS>-e¡bmoÝZVm=AnZr {dbmgnyU© J{Vgm| nd©VHo$ g‘{Yê$T>XmobmoÎm‘m. VVmo ^y‘m¡ AmJË` ‘wHw$ÝXa{Vd{Õ©Zr OmVm. `Vmo agmH$a-
N>moQ>o-~‹S>o {ebmIÊS>Z²Hw$§ D$na CN>mbHo$ àH$Q> H$[ado‘| ñd`§hþ CÝZV hmoBHo$ gIñ` gwVm, AV: ñd`‘{n agmpË‘H$m B{V ^md:&&2&&
M{bdodmar
141 142
Q>rH$m : gy`©‘ÊS>b‘| Omo ZmamÙ h| {VZHo$ AmZÝXmË‘H$ öX`gy§ Ðdr^yV agmË‘H$ ewH$‘`yah§gm{X{^:=ewH$ ‘`ya h§g Am{Xgm|
àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ gy`©‘ÊS>bV| H${bÝX nd©VHo$ Cna {Jao h|. Vhm§ H$m{bÝXrHw$§ AnZo‘| go{dVm§=go{dV
{‘bmdo h|. Amoa AË`ÝV D$§MoV| {J[adogy§ ’o$Z ~hmoV hmo` ho. Vmgy§ nya ~hmoV Amdo Va“-^wO-H$L²H$U-àH$Q>-‘wpŠVH$m-dmbwH$m-{ZVå~-VQ>-gwÝXat=Va“Z²H$s
ho. VmH$[aH|$ CÁdb h|. D$§Mo-ZrMo nd©VZ²n| MT>Zmo-CVaZmo ho gmo {dbmgJ{Vê$n ^wOmZ²‘| YmaU H$ao ^ò H$L²H$U‘| O{Q>V PrZo-PrZo ‘moVrZ²H$sgr dmbwH$mdmao
ho. Vm‘| gwemo{^V Amoa àdmhH$mo doJ nmfmUHw$§ D$§Mo ’|$Ho$ ho Vmgy§ do nmfmU àH$Q> {ZVå~ g‘mZ gwÝXa VQ>dmar
XrIo h|. VmH$[aH|$ lr`‘wZmOrH$mo àdmh D$§Mmo XrIdo‘| Amdo ho. eãXg{hV
H¥$îUVw`©{à`m§=lrH¥$îUH$s MVwW©{à`mH$m| Z‘V=Z‘Z H$amo
àdmhH$s J{Vgy§ {dbmg`wŠV XrIo h|. AWdm g~ d«Odmgr Ohm§ Om` h| dhm§
d«OHw$§ g“ boHo$ Om` h|. Ego d«Og{hV d«OdmgrZ²H$s J{VH$[aH|$ {dbmg`wŠV h|. ^mdmW© : lr`‘wZmOr n¥Ïdrna nYm[aHo$ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ earaê$nr ^wdZH$s ^JdËgodmHo$
{hÝXmobm‘| Zmht {damOo h| VWm{n D$§Mo-ZrMo ñWbZ²n| Omo àdmh Mbo ho VmH$[aH|$ `mo½` ew{Õ H$ao h|. g~ lrJmonrOZ Oog| lr`‘wZmOrH$mo godZ H$a| h| Vog| AZoH${dY
CÎm‘ {hÝXmobm‘| {damOVo hm|` Eg| OmZ naV ho. `hm§ "CÎm‘Xmobm' H${hdoH$mo H$bad-eãX H$adodmao ewH$, ‘`ya Amoa h§g à^¥{V g~ njrZ²H$[aH|$hþ lr`‘wZmOr
A{^àm` `h ho Omo XmobmH$mo ñd^md Am`do-Om`doH$mo ho Amoa lr`‘wZmOrH$mo go{dV h|. lr`‘wZmOrHo$ lrhñVê$nr Va“ O~ Vran| Amdo h| V~ lrhñV‘| YmaU
àdmh Vmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©ZH$s AmVwaVm hmo` Vog| gÝ‘wI hr Om` ho. Vmgy§ ""CÎm‘ H$ao H$L²H$U‘| ‘wŠVm’$bê$nr dmbwH$m àH$m{eV hmo` ho. Câo ^ò {ZVå~ê$n
Xmobm‘| A{Yê$T> h|'' Eg| H$ømo ho. ‘wHw$ÝX, Omo ‘moj Xododmao, lrH¥$îU {VZH$s VQ>dmao lr`‘wZmOr à^wHo$ MVwW© {à`m h|. Ego lr`‘wZmOrHw$§ Vw‘ g~ Z‘Z H$amo.
àr{V ^ŠVZ²‘| ~T>md| h| Amoa ^ŠVZ²H$s àr{V ^JdmZ²‘| ~T>md| h|. Amoa H$‘bHo$
~ÝYwê$n gy`©H$s nwÌr h|. Ego lr`‘wZmOr g~Z²V| ~‹S>mB©gy§ {dam{OV h|&&2&& {dd¥{V : VVmo ^w{d AmJVm`m: Y‘m©Z² Amhþ: "^wd‘²' B{V. à`moOZ§ ^wdZnmdZr‘²
B{V. AZoH$ñdZ¡: B{V ewH$m{X{deofU‘². EVoZ {d^mdm{Xgm‘J«r CŠVm. `Ì
lr`‘wZmOr ^y{‘n| nYmao Vm nrN>oHo$ Y‘©H$mo {Zê$nU H$hVh|: `Wm C{MV§ VÌ VWm Hw$d©ÝVr{V "{à`m'nX‘². Vrañ` MmH$MŠ`dV² {gH$VmH¥$Vemo^m§
VËñdê$n‘{n Amhþ: "Va“' B{V. `Xm Va“m: Vra‘² AmJË` àg¥Vm: ^dpÝV VXm
Vra{gH$Vm: ‘wŠVmdX² ^mgÝVo. Vm: Z {gH$Vm: bmoH$àVr{V: na§ VWm; {H$ÝVw
^w d § ^w d ZnmdZr‘² A{YJVm‘² AZo H $ñdZ¡ : Va“mEd ^wOm: VÌ `m{Z H$L²H$Um{Z VÌ àH$Q>m `m ‘wpŠVH$m ‘wŠVm’$bm{Z
{à`m{^[ad go { dVm§ ew H $-‘`y a -h§ g m{X{^:&& VmÝòd dmbwH$mdV² àVr`‘mZm{Z VÚwŠVmo `mo {ZVå~Ed CÀMXoemË‘H$VQ>: VoZ
Va“-^wOH$L²H$U-àH$Q>-‘wpŠVH$m-dmbwH$m- VmÑer‘². ^Jd{V ñZohm{Ve`mo {deofUoZ CŠV:&&3&&
{ZVå~-VQ>-gw Ý Xat Z‘V H¥ $ îU-Vw ` © - {à`m‘² & &3&&
Q>rH$m : lr`‘wZmOr n¥Ïdrna nYmao h| gmo ^ŠVZ²Hw$§ ^JdX²^md gånmXZH$[aH|$
^wdZnmdZt=^wdZH$m| nmdZ H$[adodmar AÝ`^mdgy§ a{hV H$ao h| Amoa earaH$s ^JdËgodmHo$ `mo½` ew{Õ H$ao h|. Eg|
^wd‘²=^y{‘n| (=`m àH$magy§) bmoH$Hw$§ n{dÌ H$a| h|. lrJmonrOZ g~ Oog| lr`‘wZmOrH$mo godZ
H$a| h| Vog| AZoH$ eãX H$adodmao ewH$, ‘`ya Amoa h§g à^¥{V g~ njrZ²H$[aH|$hþ
A{YJVm§=Am`Ho$
lr`‘wZmOr go{dV h|. Va“ h| gmo lr`‘wZmOrHo$ lrhñV h|. gmo Va“ O~ Vran|
AZoH$ñdZ¡:=AZoH$ àH$maHo$ H$bad H$[adodmar Amdo h| V~ ng[a Om` h|. Vm {~[a`m§ Omo dmbwH$m àH$m{eV hmo` ho gmo dmbwH$m
{à`m{^:=gpIZ²gm|, Bd=g‘mZ Zmht ho {H$ÝVw lr`‘wZmOrHo$ lrhñV‘| Omo H$L²H$U YmaU {H$ò h| {VZ H$L²H$UZ²‘|
143 144
‘wŠVm’$b bJo h| gmo àH$m{eV XrIo h|. Amoa lr`‘wZmOrHo$ Omo D$§Mo VQ> h| gmo Ed§ H¥$nmgmJa lrH¥$îUHo$ Aml`‘| ahZdmar ho lr`‘wZmOr ‘oao ‘ZHw$§ gwI hmo`
{ZVå~ê$n h|. {VZ‘| Va“Ho$ ~bgy§ dmbwH$m bJo h|. gmo lrhñV {ZVå~‘| bJmò Vog| H$amo.
hm|` Eg| emoô h|. {VZ‘| dmbwH$m àH$meo ho gmo H$L²H$UZ²Ho$ ‘wŠVm’$b h|.
^ŠVZ²Ho$ Mma `yW ‘w»` h|. {VZ‘| MVwW© `yW‘| ‘w»` lr`‘wZmOr h|. EgoHw$§ {dd¥{V : ^JdËg‘mZY‘©Ëd§ kmn{`Vw§ VWm {deofU¡: Amhþ: "AZÝV' B{V. à^m¡
Z‘ZHo$ A{V[aŠV Ord Amoa H$hm H$[a gHo$? Vmgy§ lrAmMm`©Or g~ godH$Z²Hw$§ gßVå`ÝVm{Z {deofUm{Z VpËà`m`m§ gå~w{Õê$nm{U. "KZmKZ'eãXmo {ZnmVê$nmo
Amkm H$a| h| Omo Ego lr`‘wZmOrHw$§ Vw‘ g~ Z‘Z H$amo&&3&& KZg‘wXm`§ dX{V. í`m‘o. VmÑer B{V dm. Y«wdmXo: VÎmraEd à^wàmH$Q>çmV² VWm.
lr`‘wZmOr‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ g‘mZ Y‘© h| Ego OVm`doHo${bò XmoCH$mo g‘mZ {dewÕm ‘Wwam VQ>o `ñ`m:. gm {ZH$Q>o dm `ñ`. {Zad{YH¥$nm`wŠVmo h[a: Vpñ‘Z².
Y‘©nZmo {Zê$nU H$aV h|: AÝ`m ZXr bm¡{H$H§$ ObqY g“Vm ^d{V B`§ Vw VmÑe§ lrd«Ooe§ g§{lVm. EVoZ
ËdËg“Vmo ^JdËg“Vmo ^d{V B{V ^md: gy{MV:&&4&&
AZÝV-Jw U -^y { fVo {ed-{dapÄM-Xo d ñVw V o
KZmKZ{Zô gXm Y« w d -nameam^rï>Xo & & Q>rH$m : `m‘| fQ²>Y‘©`wŠV gßV‘ Y‘uH$mo {Zê$nU ho Eg| OVm`doHo${bò gmV
{dew Õ -‘Ww a m-VQ>o gH$b-Jmo n -Jmo n rd¥ V o {deofU h|. Vm‘| ^JdmZ²‘| {deofU bJmd| V~ gßV‘r {d^pŠVH$mo AW© H$aZmo
H¥ $ nm-Ob{Y-g§ { lVo ‘‘ ‘Zñgw I § ^md`&&4&& Amoa lr`‘wZmOr‘| bJmd| V~ g~ {deofUZ²‘| gå~moYZH$mo AW© H$aZmo. lrR>mHw$aOr
Ag§»` JwUZ²H$[aH|$ AbL²H¥$V h|. Am¡a lr`‘wZmOr amgmoËgdm{XH$Z²‘| AZÝV
ê$n Y[adodmao ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwUH$[aH|$ AbL²H¥$V h|.1 {ed Amoa ~«÷m à^¥{V g~ Xod
AZÝV-JwU-^y{fVo=Ag§»` JwUZ²gm| ^y{fV ^JdmZ²H$s VWm `‘wZmOrH$s ñVw{V H$a| h|.2 ‘ÝX-‘ÝX dfm©`wŠV í`m‘‘oK Oogr
{ed-{dapÄM-XodñVwVo={ed ~«÷m Am{X XodVm OmH$s ñVw{V H$ao h| Egr emo^m`wŠV XmoD$ h|.3 Y«wd Amoa nameaHw$§ gXm g~ àH$maH$mo dmpÄN>V ’$bXmZ
KZmKZ{Zô=Kw‘‹S>Vo ^ò ~mXbHo$ Oogr í`m‘b H$[adodmao XmoC h|.4 AË`ÝV ewÕ lr‘WwamOr lr`‘wZmOrHo$ VQ>n| h|.5 lrR>mHw$aOr
Y«wd-nameam^rï>Xo=Y«wd, namea OogoZ²Hw$§ A^rï> ’$b Xododmar g‘J« Jmon Amoa lrJmonr OZZ²H$[aH|$ Amd¥V h|. Amoa lr`‘wZmOrHo$ Vran| nhbo
{dewÕ-‘Wwam-VQ>o={dewÕ ‘WwamZJar OmHo$ VQ>n| ho Egr Jmon-JmonrZ²H$m| lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ gå~ÝYH$mo AZw^d ^`mo ho Vmgy§ g‘J« Jmon Amoa
lrJmonr OZZ²H$[aH|$ lr`‘wZmOrhþ Amd¥V h|.6 lrR>mHw$aOr H¥$nmê$n g‘wÐHo$ Aml`H$mo
gH$b-Jmon-Jmonrd¥Vo=gH$b Jmon VWm JmonrZ² gy§ {Kar ^B©
gwÝXa ñWmZ h|. BVZ|, H¥$nmê$n g‘wÐ lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Aml`H$[aHo$ aho ho Amoa
H¥$nmOb{Y-g§{lVo=H¥$nmgmJa lrH¥$îUgm| {‘bdodmar lr`‘wZmOr H¥$nmHo$ g‘wÐê$n lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Aml`H$[aH|$ aho h|.7 Ego fQ²>Y‘©`wŠV
gXm=gXm ho lr`‘wZmOr Amn Anma H$éUmgmJa lrR>mHw$aOr‘| {‘bo hmo gmo Amn‘| Omo {‘bo
‘‘=‘oao gmo AmnHo$ ~bgy§ hr lrR>mHw$aOr‘| {‘bo ho. Vmgy§ Ego fQ²>Y‘©`wŠV Amoa H¥$nmH$mo
‘Z:gwI§=‘ZHw$§ gwI hmo` Egmo ^md`=H$amo g‘wÐ Om‘| aho ho Ego lrR>mHw$aOr‘| ‘oamo ‘Z ^mdH$[aH|$ AmZÝXH$mo AZw^d Ho$g|
H$ao gmo Amn {dMmamo. AWdm ^JdËñdê$nHo$ AZw^dH$mo ‘oao ‘Z‘| Omo gwI hmo`
VmH$s ^mdZm AmnHo$ ‘Z‘| H$amo. BVZ|, AmnHo$ ‘Z‘| ò {dMma hmo`Jmo V~ ò gwI
^mdmW© : AZÝV JwUZ²gm| ^y{fV, {ed ~«÷m Am{X XodVmZ²gm| ñVw{V H$ar JBª,
{‘boJmo&&4&&
gKZ ‘oK gÑe H$mpÝVdmat, Y«wd namea Am{X F${fZ²H$m| gH$b ‘ZmoaWHo$
XoZdmar, {dewÕ ‘WwamOr OmHo$ VQ>no ho Egr, g‘J« Jmon-Jmonm“ZmZ²gm| emo{^V
145 146
^mdmW© : J“mOr lr`_wZmOrHo$ g“ {_bo h| Vmgy§ _wa[anw ^JdmZ²H$m| AË`ÝV
{à` ^B© h| Amoa godZ H$[adodmaoZH² $§w g_J« {g{Õ Xoddo mar ^B© h|. Ego lr`_wZmOrH$s
~am~arHw§$ H$moD$ àmßV hmo` gHo$ ho Vmo lrbú_rOr hmo` gHo$ h|. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo
lrbú_rOr lr`_wZmOrH$s gnËZr (Ÿgmo{VŸ) hmo` h|. Ego lr`_wZmOr ^ŠVZ²Ho$
{Q>ßnUr : 1.Ÿò Eoíd`©H$mo {Zê$nU ho.
Xw:I VWm nmn Hw§$ h[adodmar h| {VZH$s _oao _Z_| pñW{V hmo`.
2.Ÿò dr`©H$mo {Zê$nU ho. 3.Ÿò lrH$mo {Zê$nU ho.
4.Ÿò èH$mo {Zê$nU ho. 5.Ÿò kmZH$mo {Zê$nU ho.
{dd¥{V : AW ^JdXr`mZm_{n CËH$fm©Ym{`H$m `m VXwËH$fª H$mo dŠVw§ eŠV B{V
6.Ÿò d¡am½`H$mo {Zê$nU ho. 7.Ÿò Y_uH$mo {Zê$nU ho. ^mdoZ Amhþ: ``m B{V. MaUnÙOm J“m. VoZ ^pŠV_mJu`m {ZXm}fnyU©JwUm{n
``m Ëd`m gh g_mJ_ZVmo {_bZVmo hao: VWm A^dV², godVm§ M VWm. nydª
A~ ^JdXr`Z²H$shþ ~‹S>mB© H$[adodmao lr`_wZmOr h| {VZH$s ~‹S>mB© H${hdoHw§$ J“m`m AÝ`g“{VO{ZV_² CËH$f©_² CŠËdm ^JdËg“{VO{ZV CËH$f©: n{R>V:
H$moZ g_W© hoŸ? gmo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: ""gm amOZ² Xe©ZmXod ~«÷hË`mnhm[a{U'' BË`m{Xê$n:. EVmÑí`m Ëd`m gh
gÑeVm§ qH$ H$m{n B`mX² B{V H$mHy$pŠV:. `{X B`mV², H$_bOm B`mV². VÌ hoVw_²
``m MaU-nÙOm _w a [anmo : {à`å^mdw H $m Amhþ: `X² `ñ_mV² gm ^JdËnËZrËdmV² gnËZr ^d{V. VÌm{n ^dVr {à`m B{V
Bd B{V. ^ŠVmZwJwUËd_² Amhþ: h[a{à`mUm§ H$qb Xmof§ Ú{V IÊS>`{VŸ&&5Ÿ&&
g_mJ_ZVmo @ ^dV² gH$b-{g{ÕXm go d Vm_² Ÿ &&
V`m gÑeVm_² B`mV² H$_bOm gnËZrd `V² Ÿ -Ÿ
Q>rH$m : J“mOr ^JdmZ²Ho$ MaUH$_bV| àH$Q> ^B© h| Vmgy§ ^pŠV_mJu` Amoa
h[a-{à`-H${bÝX`m _Z{g _o gXm ñWr`Vm_² Ÿ &&5Ÿ&&
{ZXm}fJwUnyU© h|. gmohþ lr`_wZmOr g“ (Ÿà`mJ_|Ÿ) {_bo h| Vmgy§ _wa[anw, Omo
^ŠVZ²Ho$ à{V~ÝY Xya H$[adodmao h[a ^JdmZ² h|, {VZH$mo AË`ÝV {à` ^B© h| Amoa
``mŸ=ŸOmHo$, g_mJ_ZV:Ÿ=Ÿg“_gm| godVm§Ÿ=Ÿgodm H$[adodmaoZ²H$m| godZ H$[adodmaoZ²Hw§$ g_J« {g{Õ Xododmar ^B© h|. Ego lr`_wZmOrH$s ~am~arHw§$
MaUnÙOmŸ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Ho$ MaUgm| àH$Q> gH$b{g{ÕXmŸ=ŸgH$b{g{ÕZ²H$m| H$moD$ àmßV hmo` ho H$hmŸ? H$Xm{MV² àmßV hmo` Vmo lrbú_rOr hm|`. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo
^`r lrJ“m,Ÿ_wa[anmo:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ Xo`dodmar,ŸA^dV²Ÿ=Ÿ^Bª lrbú_rOrhþ ^JdmZ²H$s ór h| Vmgy§ lr`_wZmOrH$s gnËZr (Ÿgmo{VŸ) hmo` h|. `hm§
{à`å^mdwH$mŸ=Ÿ{à`ŸH$m`©Z²H$m|ŸH$[adodmar V`mŸ=ŸdmH$s lrbú_rOr lr`_wZmOrH$s gnËZr h| Eg| H$ømo ho VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo
OmH$s Omo gnËZr hmo` gmo VmHo$ ñd^mdgy§ {déÕ ñd^mddmar hmo` ho. Vog|
gÑeVm§Ÿ=Ÿg_mZVmHw§$ Ÿ h[a{à`H${bÝX`mŸ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Ho$Ÿ{à`
lrbú_rOr lr`_wZmOrHo$ ñd^mdV| {déÕ ñd^mddmar h| Egmo gyMZ {H$`mo ho.
H$_bOmŸ=ŸH$_bgy§ŸCËnÝZŸ^B©Ÿbú_r ^ŠVZ²Ho$ XmofZ²H$m| Zï> H$[adodmar Vmgy§ H$ho h| Omo ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw:I VWm nmn Hw§$ h[adodmao ^JdmZ²Ho$ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ H${bHo$
B`mV²Ÿ=H$a gHo$ ho _oŸ=Ÿ_oao XmofZ²H$mo IÊS>Z H$[adodmao lr`_wZmOr h|. {VZH$s _oao _Z_| pñW{V hmo`. BVZ|,
`V²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$ _Z{gŸ=Ÿ_Z_| lrbú_rOr ^ŠVZ²H$m| AZwHy$b Zmht h| Amoa lr`_wZmOr ^ŠVZ²H$m| AZwHy$b
gnpËZŸ=Ÿlr`_wZmH$s gnpËZ gXmŸ=Ÿgd©Xm h|Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
BdŸ=ŸOogr h| ñWr`Vm_²Ÿ=ŸpñWV ah|
Eg| ^ŠVZ²H$m| AZwHy$b lr`_wZmOr, ^JdmZ²Hw§$ AË`ÝV {à` h|.Ÿ{VZH$m|
147 148
Z_Z {gdm` Amoa H$Nw> hmo` gHo$ ZmhtŸEgo A{^àm`gy§ H$hVŸh|. Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ²H$mo _mhmËå` Vmo g~ emóZ²_| A{V à{gÕ ho Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²Hw§$
Z_Z hmo` gHo$ ho. Amoa lr`_wZmOrH$mo _mhmËå` Vmo brbmg¥{ï>_| àdoe ^ò nrN>|
Z_mo @ ñVw `_w Z o gXm Vd M[aÌ_² AË`X² ^ w V § Vogmo ^md àmßV hmo` V~ OmÝ`mo Om` Vm nrN>| Z_Z hmo`. Vmgy§ Z_Z hmo`doH$s
àmW©Zm H$aV h| Omo ho lr`_wZmOrŸ! AmnHw§$ gXm Z_Z hmoC. AmnHo$ n`:nmZgy§
Z OmVw `_`mVZm ^d{V Vo n`:nmZV:Ÿ&&
H$moD$ {~[a`m§ `_`mVZm hmo` Zmht `h AmnH$mo M[aÌ A{V AX²^wV ho. Oog|
`_mo @ {n ^{JZrgw V mZ² H$W_w hpÝV Xw ï >mZ{n ^JdmZ² AX²^wV H$_©dmao h| gmo H$m_, ^`, Ûof à^¥{V Omo ^JdmZ²Hw§$ {_bm`doHo$
{à`mo ^d{V go d ZmV² Vd hao a ² `Wm Jmo { nH$m:Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& gmYZ Zmht h|, {H$ÝVw CÎm_ J{VHo$ à{V~ÝYH$ h|, VWm{n lrJmonrOZ H$m_V|,
H§$g ^`V| Amoa {eewnmbm{XH$ ÛofV| ^JdmZ²Hw§$ àmßV ^ò h|. Vhm§ H$m_m{XH$
`_wZoŸ!Ÿ=Ÿho lr`_wZmOrŸ! n`:nmZV:Ÿ=ŸObHo$ nmZgm| AgmYZ h| (ŸVWm{nŸ) {VZHw$§ ^JdmZ²Z| gmYZê$n {H$ò h|. Vog| V¥fmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò
gXmŸ=ŸgXm, Z_:Ÿ=ŸZ_Z OmVwŸ=ŸH$~hþ lr`_wZmOrH$mo n`:nmZ H$ao gmo H$Ny> CÎm_J{V {_bdoH$mo AWdm `_`mVZm
{_Q>doH$mo gmYZ ^`mo Zmht VWm{n `_`mVZm {_Q>o ho, ò lr`_wZmOrH$mo AX²^wV
AñVwŸ=Ÿhmo, VdŸ=ŸAmnH$mo `_`mVZmŸ=Ÿ`_ÛmamŸXrŸOmVrŸ`mVZm
M[aÌ ho. lr`_wZmOrHo$ n`:nmZVo `_`mVZm {_Q>o ho Vm_| `wpŠV H$hV h| Omo `_hþ
M[aÌ§Ÿ=ŸM[aÌ ZŸ=ŸZmht, ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV ho ~{hZHo$ nwÌ H$Xm{MV² Xwï> hm|` Vmohþ {VZHw§$ XÊS> Ho$g| Xo`Ÿ? Š`m| Omo ~{h{ZH$mo
AË`X²^wV§Ÿ=ŸAË`ÝV AX²^wV ho `_:Ÿ=Ÿ`_, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ nwÌ Vmo gd©Xm _mÝ` (ŸajmŸ/ŸgËH$ma H$[ado `mo½`Ÿ) ho. Amoa `_Ho$ CËnÝZ ^ò nrN>|
VoŸ=ŸAmnHo$ Xwï>mZ²Ÿ=ŸXwï>, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ dmHo$ XmofH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò lr`_wZmOr àH$Q> ^ò h| Vmgy§ `_Hw§$ A{V_mÝ` h|.
^{JZrgwVmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ~{hZHo$ nwÌZ²Hw§$, `Wm Jmo{nH$m:Ÿ=ŸJmonrOZHo$ Oog| Amoa "n`g²' eãXH$mo AW© XyY VWm Ob XmoC àH$maH$mo hmo` ho. Vmgy§ lr`_wZmOrH$mo
CŸ=ŸH$hmo n`:nmZ H$[adodmao {dZHo$ nwÌ ^ò Amoa `_Ho$ ^mZoO ^ò. {VZHw§$ `_ XÊS> Ho$g|
Xo`Ÿ?
H$W§Ÿ=ŸHo$g|, hpÝVŸ=Ÿ_m[a gHo$ ho hao:Ÿ=Ÿà^wHo$, {à`:Ÿ=Ÿ{à`
VdŸ=ŸAmnHo$, godZmV²Ÿ=ŸgodZgm| ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` h|
Eg| Xmof{ZdmaH$ AX²^wV M[aÌH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ \$bgånmXH$ AX²^wV
M[aÌH$mo {Zê$nU H$a| h| Omo Oog| lrJmonrOZ h[aHw§$ {à` ^ò h| Vog| Vwåhmao godZV|
^mdmW© : ho lr`_wZmOrŸ! AmnH$m| gXm Z_ñH$ma hmo. AmnH$mo M[aÌ ~hþV Ord h[aHw§$ {à` hmo` h|. bmoH$_|hþ AÝ`Ho$ godZgy§ AÝ` àgÝZ hmo` Egmo Xo»`mo
AX²^wV ho. AmnHo$ ObH$mo nmZ H$[adogm| H$~hþ `_gå~ÝYr nr‹S>m Zmht hmoV ho. Zmht ho Amoa `hm§ Vmo lr`_wZmOrHo$ godZgy§ à^w àgÝZ hmo` h|. Oog| H$mË`m`Zrd«VHo$
Š`m|Ÿ? Omo `_hþ ~{hZHo$ nwÌ H$Xm{MV² Xwï> hm|` Vmohþ {VZHw§$ XÊS> Ho$g| Xo`Ÿ? àg“_| Hw$_m[aH$mZ²no lr`_wZmOrHo$ godZV| à^w àgÝZ ^ò h|. ò lr`_wZmOrH$mo
AmnH$s godm H$[adogm| lrJmonrOZZ²H$s Vah (ŸOrd hþŸ) lrh[aH$m| {à` hmo`Ÿho. AX²^wV M[aÌ hoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
{dd¥{V : EVmÑí`m§ Ëd{` Z_Zm{V[aŠV§ Z dŠVw§ eŠ`_² B{V AmeòZ Amhþ: Z_mo XohH$mo Adí` Y_© `h ho Omo Oogmo H$_© H$ao Vogmo Xygamo Xoh àmßV hmo`.
AñVw B{V. Ëd{` Z_Z_{n Xwb©^_² AV: àmÏ`©Vo AñVw B{V. AX²^wVËd_od AJ«o Egmo Amdí`H$ X¡{hH$Y_©_|hþ Ohm§ Vwåhmamo gå~ÝY ^`mo BVZo nrN>| _wpŠVV|
Cnnm{XV_²Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& A{YH$ ^pŠVH$s àmpßV hmo` ho. Vhm§ `_`mVZmH$mo A^md hmo` Vm_| H$hm e‘>m
ho `h {Zê$nU H$aVŸh|Ÿ:
149 150
VÌ H$m e‘>m `_`mVZm^mdo B{V Amhþ… __m@ñVw B{V. Vd gpÝZYm¡ VZmo…
__m@ñVw Vd gpÝZYm¡ VZw Z dËd_o V mdVm ZdËd§ brbmon`mo{J-ZyVZ-Xoh-gån{Îm… AñVw. EVoZ nyd©Xoh{Zd¥{Îm: gy{MVm.
Z Xw b © ^ V_m a{Va² _w a [anm¡ _w H w $ ÝX{àò Ÿ && BX_{n ËdËH¥$V_od ^d{V ZVw AÝ`Wm B{V kmnZm` àmW©Z_² AñVw B{V. EVmdVm
eara-n[adV©-_mÌoU¡d _wa[anm¡ a{V: Xwb©^V_m Z ^d{V B{V AW©… {H$ÝVw
AVmo @ ñVw Vd bmbZm gw a Yw Z r na§ g“_mV²
VZwZdËdoZ gwb^¡d. H$Xm{MV² à{V~ÝYHo$ {dÚ_mZo@{n `Wm ObXmofê$n_wañ`
Vd¡ d ^w { d H$s{V© V m Z Vw H$Xm{n nw { ï>pñWV¡ : Ÿ&&7Ÿ&& {ZdmaH$… VWm ËdËgå~ÝYmV² gd©Xmof{ZdmaH$Ëd§ "_wa[anw'nXoZ CŠV_². AV:
H$maUmX² `mdX² AmYw{ZH$eara{Zd¥{Îm… VmdV² Vd bmbZm ñVw{Vê$nm AñVw.
_wHw$ÝX{àòŸ!Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ² _wHw$ÝXH$s {à`m- AñVwŸ=ŸhmoC gm{n ËdËH¥$n`¡d Z AÝ`Wm B{V àmÏ`©Vo AñVw B{V. J“m`m A{n \$bgmYH$Ëd§
ho lr`_wZoŸ!, VdŸ=ŸAmnHo$ gwaYwZrŸ=ŸXodVmZ²H$s ZXr J“m ËdËgå~ÝYmXod BË`V Amhþ: gwaYwZr Vd g“m_mV². na_² AË`Wª ^w{d H$s{V©Vm
gpÝZYm¡Ÿ=Ÿg_rn, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo VdŸ=ŸVwåhmao EdŸ=Ÿhr ñVwVm B{V AW©…, Z Vw H$Xm{n ËdÐ{hVm{n B{V AW©…. ZZw Šd{MV² nwamUmXm¡
Ho$dbm`m A{n ñVw{V… Ñí`Vo B{V ñVwVm¡ {deof_² Amhþ: nw{ï>pñWV¡… B{V.
VZwZdËd_²Ÿ=ŸXoh ZdrZVmHw§$ àmßV g“_mV²Ÿ=Ÿg“_gm|
_`m©Xm_mJu`¡: Ho$dbm{n ñVy`Vo ËdËñdê$nmkmZmV². nw{ï>_mJu`mñVw ËdËñdê$n§
AñVwŸ=Ÿhmo` ^w{dŸ=Ÿ^yVbHo$ D$na OmZÝVr{V ËdËgå~ÝYmXod ñVwdpÝV B{V Amhþ: nw{ï>pñWV¡… B{VŸ&&7Ÿ&&
EVmdVmŸ=ŸEgmo hmo`dogy§ na§Ÿ=ŸA{YH$
_wa[anm¡Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU_|, a{V:Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV H$s{V©VmŸ=Ÿà{gÕ ^B© h| Q>rH$m : _moHw§$ Vwåhmao gpÝZYmZ_| brbmon`moJr ZdrZ Xohgån{Îm hmo`. bm¡{H$H$
Xwb©^V_mŸ=ŸXwb©^V_ nw{ï>pñWV¡:Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©pñWV ^ŠVÛmam Xoh {_{Q>H|$ Abm¡{H$H$ Xoh ^òg§y _wa[anw (Ÿ^JdmZ²Ÿ)_| àr{V AË`ÝV Xwb©^ Zmht
ZŸ=ŸZmht ahV ho VwŸ=ŸVmo H$Xm{nŸ=ŸH$~hþ aho ho. H$Xm{MV² à{V~ÝYH$ hm|BJo Vmohþ Vwåhmao gå~ÝYV| ^JdmZ² AmnV|hr Xya
AV:Ÿ=ŸVmgm|, VdŸ=ŸAmnH$s ZŸ=ŸZmht H$[a X|BJo Aé Ka_| {h _mojgwI àmßV hmo` Vog| MVw{d©Y nwéfmW©Ho$ gwIH$mo
bmbZmŸ=ŸñVw{V (ŸH$s{V©VmŸ=ŸH$s{V©V ^B© ho) AZw^d hmo`Jmo `h OVm`doHo$ {bò "_wa[anw' nX VWm "_wHw$ÝX{àò' Egmo gå~moYZ
{Xò ho. Amoa Vwåhmao gpÝZYmZ_| Abm¡{H$H$ XohH$s àmpßV hmo`doH$mo H$ømo ho. Vmgy§
Ohm§ Xwï>Z²Ho$ gpÝZYmZV| lr`_wZmOrH$mo {Vamo^md ho Vhm§ Abm¡{H$H$ XohH$s àmpßV
^mdmW© : ho h[a{à` `_wZmOrŸ! AmnH$s gpÝZ{Y_| _oamo eara {Xì`-ZdrZ hmo` Zmht hmo` Egmo gy{MV {H$ò h|. Vwåhmao gpÝZYmZ_| hr Ohm§ Abm¡{H$H$ XohH$s
Om`, AWm©V² brbm_| àdoe H$ado bm`H$ Abm¡{H$H$ hmo` Om`. BVZogm|hr àmpßV hmo` Vhm§ `_`mVZmH$mo A^md hmo`do_| e‘>m H$hm hoŸ? Eg| OVm`mo ho.
_waXmZdHo$ _maZdmao lrH¥$îU_| àr{V hmoZr A{VXwb©^ Zmht ho, VmH$maUgm| Vmgy§ O~ Vm§B© AmYw{ZH$ earaH$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo` V~ Vm§B©, Oog| _mVm ~mbH$Hw§$ bm‹S>
AmnHo$ (ŸñVw{Vê$nŸ) bmS>-Mmd hmo`. lrJ“mOrH$s AmnHo$ hr g_mJ_gm| ^yVb_| H$aVr {~[a`m§ ~mbH$H$s àe§gm (ŸñVw{VŸ) H$ao ho gmo JwUdU©Z Zmht ho Vog| Vwåhmar
ñVw{V H$ar JB© ho, {H$ÝVw nw{ï>pñWV OrdZ²Zo `m {df`_| AmnHo$ {gdm` CZH$s `h ñVw{Vhþ bmbZê$nŸhmo`.
ñVw{V Zmht H$sZr ho, Š`m|Ÿ? Omo CZgm| _wpŠV Vmo {_bo ho naÝVw brbmon`moJr Xoh
Zmht {_bo ho.
{OZH$s ~hmoV ~‹S>mB© ho Egr J“mOrH$mo H$sV©Z Omo {Z:gmYZ AZwJ«h_mJ©dmao
n¥Ïdrna H$ao h| gmo Vwåhmao {h g“_V| H$a| h|. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo JrVmOr_| {d^y{VHo$
{dd¥{V : Amdí`H$-X¡{hH$Y_}@{n ËdËgå~ÝYo _wŠË`{YH$-^pŠVàmpßV… `Ì, AÜ`m`_| J“mOr ^JdmZ²H$s {d^y{V h| Eg| {b»`mo ho. VmH$mo kmZ Z hmo` AWdm
151 152
Omo {d^y{VHo$ CnmgH$ hm|` gmo Vmo H$Xm{MV² {d^y{Vê$n J“mOrH$s ñVw{V H$a| _mojn`©ÝVH$mo gwI {_bo ho, naÝVw AmnH$s Vmo H$Wm BVZr A{YH$ ho Ho$ gH$b
naÝVw nw{ï>_mJu` ^ŠV Vmo nyU©nyéfmoÎm_Ho$ CnmgH$ h| gmo {d^y{Vê$n Ho$db lrJmonrOZHo$ g“_gm| ñ_agå~ÝYr Omo l_ hmo` ho VmH$[aHo$ Omo ñdoXObHo$
J“mOrH$s ñVw{V H$a|hr Zmht. Vwåhmao (Ÿlr`_wZmOrHo$Ÿ) g“_V| hr J“mOrH$s {~ÝXw gH$b eara_|V| CËnÝZ hm|` h| {VZH$mo g“ Amngm| ho. gmo VmH$mo gå~ÝY
ñVw{V H$a| h|Ÿ&&7Ÿ&& Amn ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ H$amAmo hmo.
g~Z²Hw§$ dÝXZ H$[ado `mo½` J“mOrH$s ñVw{Vhþ O~ Vwåhmao gå~ÝYV| hmo` {dd¥{Îm : `Ì ËdËgå~ÝYmV² gd©dÝÚ-J“mñVw{V… VÌ ËdËñVwVm¡ H$mo dm g_W©:
ho Vhm§ Vwåhmar ñVw{V H$[adoHw§$ H$moZ g_W© hoŸ? Ego A{^àm`gy§ H$hV h|Ÿ: B{V Amhþ: ñVwqV Vd B{V. AeŠ`ñVw{VËdo hoVw_² Amhþ: H$_bOmgnpËZ B{V.
gd©Ì ñVwË`Ëd§ ^JdËgå~ÝYmV². g gd©Ì búå`noj`m Ý`yZEd. Ëd§ Vw Vñ`mA{n
ñVw q V Vd H$amo { V H$: H$_bOm-gnpËZŸ! {àò Ÿ ! gnËZr VËg_mZ-gm¡^m½`dVr. ZZw bú_r-ñVw{VñVw bmoHo$ Ñí`Vo. V{h© VËgmå`§
MoV² H$W§ ñVw{V… AeŠ`m B{V Amhþ: {àò B{V. gmå`_mÌo H$Vwª eŠ`VEd. AÌ
hao a ² `X² AZw g o d `m ^d{V gm¡ » `_m_mo j V:Ÿ&
Vw VVmo@{n A{YH§$ {à`Ëd_² AñVr{V ñVw{VH$aU_² AeŠ`_². ZZw H$W§ km`Vo
B`§ Vd H$Wm@{YH$m gH$b-Jmo { nH$m-g“_Ÿ- búå`noj`m Am{YŠ`_² ApñV B{V. VÌ hoVw_² Amhþ… hao: `X² AZwgod`m B{V.
ñ_a-l_-ObmUw { ^: gH$bJmÌO¡ : g“_:Ÿ&&8Ÿ&& hao: AZwŸníMmX²
`ñ`m: god`m _moj§ _`m©XrH¥$Ë` gwI§ ^d{V, _mojàmpßV… ^d{V B{V AW©….
H$_bOmgnpËZŸ!Ÿ=Ÿho bú_rHo$ g_mZ VdŸ=ŸAmnH$s, B`§Ÿ=Ÿò ZVw VVmo@{n A{YH§$ ÔZmZÝXm»`§ gwI§ ^d{V. VX{n ^JdËg{hV-VX²ÔZoZ
gm¡^m½èm{bZr lr`_wZoŸ! H$WmŸ=ŸH$Wm, A{YH$mŸ=Ÿloð> ZVw Ho$dbm`m:, Ho$dbm`m: _moj-{dKmVH$ËdmV². "AZw'eãXmV² _w»`V`m
{àòŸ!Ÿ=Ÿho H¥$îU{à`m lr`_wZoŸ! (Ÿ`V:Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$) ^JdX²ÔZ§ VXZwJwUËdoZ búå`m:. H$m{bÝÚwËH$f©_² Amhþ… B`§ Vd H$Wm B{V.
B`_² AJ«V: CÀ`_mZm Vd H$Wm A{n gd©_wŠË`noj`m A{YH$m. AVEd
VdŸ=ŸAmnH$s, ñVwqVŸ=ŸñVw{V gH$b-Jmo{nH$m-g“_-ñ_a-l_-
EVËH$Wma{gH$mZm§ Z _mojoÀN>mJÝYmo@{n. VXod CŠV§ nÄM_ñH$ÝYo ""AW h dm
H$:Ÿ=ŸH$moZ ObmUw{^:Ÿ=ŸgH$b Jmo{nH$mZ²Ho$ d Vd _{h_m_¥ V g_w Ð {dàw f m gH¥ $ ëbrT> ` m {dñ_m[aV-Ñï> - lw V -
H$amo{VŸ=ŸH$[a gHo$ ho g“_gm| ^ò ñ_al_gm| OÝ` gwIboem^mgm: na_^mJdVm EH$mpÝVZ:'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.Ÿ6Ÿ&9Ÿ&39Ÿ) B{V. gm
`V²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$, hao:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s àñdoXê$n Ob{~ÝXwgm| H$m B{V AmH$m§jm`m_² Amhþ: gH$bJmo{nH$m B{V. gH$b-Jmo{nH$m-g“_oZ
AZwŸ=ŸnrN>|, god`mŸ=Ÿgodmgm| gH$bJmÌO¡:Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Ho$ g_ñV ñ_agå~ÝYr `: l_…, VoZ O{ZVm ò ñdoX-ObmUd: gH$b-JmÌOm…, V¡…
Am_mojV:Ÿ=Ÿ_moj n`©ÝV Ad`dZ²gm|, g“_:Ÿ=ŸAmnH$mo g“_mo `ñ`m:. EVo ObmUdmo Z
gm¡»`§Ÿ=ŸgwI, ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV ho gå~ÝY, ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV ho
l_ñdoXê$nm: {H$ÝVw {d{dY-g“_-agñ` gdm©d`dnyU©ñ` AË`wÀN>bZoZ
~{h… AmJVñ`¡d {~ÝXdmo, ZVw Ho$db-Ob_mÌñ`. AVEd CŠV§ gH$bJmÌO¡…
B{V. E{^… {deofU¡: na_H$mð>mnÝZ- nw{ï>_mJm©ÝVa“-^ŠVËd§, gd©Xm EVÐgnyUË© d_²,
^mdmW© : bú_rH$s gnpËZ Am¡a h[aH$m| {à` ho lr`_wZmOrŸ! AmnH$s ñVw{V H$moZ AÝVa“-^ŠVmZwJwUËd_², EVëbrbm-_Ü`nm{VËdm{XH§$ gy{MV_². ñdñ`
H$[ado g_W© hoŸ? Š`m|Ÿ? Omo lrh[aHo$ nrN>o bú_rH$shþ godm H$ao Vmo VmH$m| EVÐgnyU©ËdoZ Ho$db¡VX²ÔZH$Vw©a{n EVÐg§ XXmVr{V ñnï>_od d¡bjÊ`_²Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
153 154
(Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmHo$) ñd^md{dO`:Ÿ=Ÿñd^mdno {dO`
Q>rH$m : bú_rOrHo$ gnpËZ (Ÿgmo{VŸ) h[aH$m| {à` Ego ho lr`_wZmOrŸ! AmnH$s g_ñVXw[aVj`moŸ=ŸgJaoŸnmnZ²H$moŸZme ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho (ŸB{VŸ=ŸEg|)
ñVw{V H$moZ H$a gHo$Ÿ? H$moD$ H$a gHo$ Zmht. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo Amn bú_rOrHo$ g_mZ ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` Om` ho, d¡Ÿ=ŸAé lrhao:Ÿ=Ÿlrh[aH$mo
gm¡^m½`dmao hmo VWm{n h[aH$m| {deof {à` hmo. Amoa _w»`Vmgy§ h[aH$mo godZ H$[aHo$ _wHw$ÝXoŸ=Ÿ_mojXmVm ^JdmZ²_| dëb^:Ÿ=Ÿ{à`, dX{VŸ=ŸH$ho ho
VmH$s AZwHy$bVmgy§ O~ Jm¡U^mdgy§ bú_rOrH$mo godZ H$ao V~ _mojn`©ÝV gwI
{_bo ho, Ho$db (Ÿ{d^y{Vê$nŸ) bú_rOr Vmo YZm{X gån{ÎmÛmam {df`mgpŠV
H$am`H|$ _mojH$mo {dKmV H$a| h|. Am¡a Vwåhmar Vmo `h H$Wm A{YH$ ho Omo Amn ^mdmW© : ho gy`©nwÌr lr`_wZmOrŸ! Vwåhmao `m Aï>H$H$mo AmZÝXH$[aHo$ Omo gXm
_moj gwIH$mo AZw^d H$amAmo hmo Amoa g_J« lrJmonrOZHo$ g“_H$[aH|$ ñ_agå~ÝYr nmR> H$ao ho VmHo$ g_ñV Xy[aVH$mo j` hmo` ho Aé _moj Xododmao ^JdmZ²_| {ZíM`
l_ hmo` ho VmH$[aHo$ Omo ñdoXObHo$ {~ÝXw gH$b eara_|V| CËnÝZ hm|` h| {VZH$mo àr{V hmo` ho. VmH$[aHo$ n{hbo ~VmB© ho gmo g~ {g{Õ àmßV hmo` ho, à{V~ÝY
g“ {OZH$m| ho VmH$mo gå~ÝY ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ H$amAmo hmo. Egr Vwåhmar (Ÿlr`_wZmOrH$sŸ) {Zd¥Îm H$[adodmao à^w àgÝZ hmo` h|, AÝV:H$aUH$mo dmgZm g{hV ñd^md {\$a
H$Wm A{YH$ ho. Vmgy§ bú_rOrH$s ñVw{V hmo` naÝVw AmnH$s ñVw{V Vmo H$moZ H$a Om` ho Aé ^JdmZ²H$mo ñd^md, ho Omo d«O^ŠVZ²H$m| XodoH$mo AmZÝX AmoaHw§$ Zmht
gHo$Ÿ!Ÿ&&8Ÿ&& Xo` h|, gmo ñd^mdhþ {\$a Om` ho. Eg| à^yZ²H$m| {à` lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wOr
H$hV h|.
Ego lr`_wZmOrH$s ñVw{V H$[aHo$ `m ñVmoÌH$mo nmR> H$[adoH$mo \$b H$hV h|Ÿ:
{dd¥{Îm : Ed§ H$m{bÝXt ñVwËdm EVËñVmoÌnmR>\$b_² Amhþ… Vdmï>H$_² B{V.
`Ú{n AÝ`H¥$VmÝ`{n ñVmoÌm{U gpÝV VWm{n dú`_mU§ \$b_² EVËñVmoÌnmR>oZ¡d
Vdmï>H$_² BX§ _w X m nR>{V gy a gy V o gXm ^d{V Z AÝ`Wm B{V kmnZm` BX_² B{V CŠV_². AÝ`H¥$VñVmoÌofw Ed§{dY-
g_ñV-Xw [ aV-j`mo ^d{V d¡ _w H w $ ÝXo a{V:Ÿ&& ñdê$n-{Zê$nUm^mdmV² BX§ Vdmï>H§$ `: nR>{V Vñ` nydª g_ñVXw[aVj`mo
V`m gH$b-{gÕ`mo _w a [anw í M gÝVw î `{V ^d{V. VXZÝVa§ _mojXmV`©{n ñZohmo ^d{V. AVEd CŠV§ ""ZamUm§ jrUnmnmZm§
ñd^md-{dO`mo ^do X ² dX{V dëb^: lrhao : Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& H¥$îUo ^pŠV: àOm`Vo'' B{V. _wHw$ÝXnXmX² `Ú{n _moj_od gmYmaÊòZ gd}ä`mo
XXm{V VWm{n ËdËñVw{VnmR>mV² àgÝZmo ^pŠV_od XXm{V Z Vw _moj_{n B{V
^JdËñd^md-namdÎm©H$Ëd_² CŠV_². VV: {H$_² B{V VÌ Amhþ… V`m gH$b{gÕ`:
Ÿ&&B{V lr_Ûëb^mMm`©{da{MV§ `_wZmï>H§$ gånyU©_²Ÿ&&
nydm}ŠVm: gdm©Ë_^mdmX`mo ^dpÝV B{V eof:. ZZw à{V~ÝYHo$ {dÚ_mZo g{V
H$W_² EVËñVmoÌ_mÌmX² EVmdX² ^d{V B{V MoV² VÌ Amhþ… _wa[anwíM gÝVwî`{V
gyagyVoŸ!Ÿ=Ÿho gy`©nwÌr `_wZoŸ! a{V:Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV, ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho B{V. `Wm Xmofê$n§ VpÝZéÕ-H$Ý`m-gwIàmpßV-à{V~ÝYH§$ {ZamH¥$Ë` Vm
VdŸ=ŸAmnH$s BX_²Ÿ=Ÿò VWmŸ=ŸAé A“rH¥$VdmZ² Ed_² EVËnmR>oZm@{n à{V~ÝY§ {Zdm`© V_{n A“rH$amo{V BË`{n
Aï>H§$Ÿ=ŸñVw{Vê$n Aï>H$H$mo gH$b{gÕ`:Ÿ=ŸgH$b {g{ÕE§ kmnZm` _wa[anwnX_². \$bmÝVa_² Amhþ: ñd^md{dO`mo ^doX² B{V. ñd^mdñ`
(`:)=ŸOmo gXmŸ=ŸgXm (Ÿ^dpÝVŸ=ŸàmßV hmo` h|) {dO`: namd¥{Îm… ^d{V. gdmgZm B{V "{d'CngJm©W…© . Xwï>ñd^mdmo{n CÎm_ñd^mdmo
^d{V B{V AW©…. ZZw BX_² AZoH$-Vn:-gmÜ`§ H$W_² EVËnmR>_mÌmX² B{V MoV²
_wXmŸ=ŸàgÝZ{MÎm hmo`Ho$ MŸ=ŸAmoa, _wa[anw:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU
VÌ Amhþ… dX{V dëb^: B{V. VoZ AmßVdmŠ`ËdoZ àm_mÊ`_² CŠV_². ZZw BV:
nR>{VŸ=ŸnmR> H$ao ho gÝVwî`{VŸ=ŸàgÝZ hmo` h| nydª Ho$Zm{n AZwŠVËdmX² ^dXwpŠV_mÌoU H$W§ àm_mÊ`_² B{V MoV² VÌ Amhþ…
155 156
lrhao… B{V. gmjmÀN´>rnwéfmoÎm_-gå~ÝYr `V: Ah_² AVmo dXm{_ B{V AW©:. && ~mb~moY: &&
AÌ A`_² Ame`:. gmjmËñdê$ngå~pÝYZm§ ñdê$n§ gmjmV²-VËgå~pÝYZEd (7)
OmZpÝV ZVw AÝò. lrH$m{bÝÚm: gmjmV²-VËgå~pÝYËd§ nydª àH$Q>_do Cnnm{XV_². Xygao ‘V‘| Y‘©, AW©, H$m‘ Amoa ‘moj ò Mmam| nwéfmW© hr ’$bê$n h| Ego
ñdm{V[aŠVmZm§ gmjmÀN´>rJmoHw$boe-gå~ÝYm^mdmV² gmjmV² VËgå~pÝYÝ`m: H$ho h|. Vmgy§ OrdZ²H$s àd¥{Îm nwéfmW© {gÕ H$[ado‘| hmo` ho. naÝVw, ^pŠV‘| Omo
ñdê$nmkmZmV² VXH$WZ_². ñdñ`Vw gmjmV²-VaÑeËdmV² VËñdê$nkmZmV² ~‹S>mB© ho gmo Ord Zmht OmZo ho gmo OVm`doHo${bò nwéfmW©Ho$ ñdê$n{Zê$nUnyd©H$
VËH$WZ{_{V Z AZwnn{Îm: H$m{MV²Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& AnZmo {gÕmÝVê$n ‘“bmMaU H$hV h|:
Ÿ&& B{V lr{dÆ>boída{da{MVm (ŸJmoñdm{_lrJmoHw$bZmWàny[aVmŸ) ZËdm h[a¨ gXmZÝX§ gd© - {gÕmÝV-gL² > J« h ‘² &
lr`_wZmï>H${dd¥{V: gånyUm© Ÿ&& ~mb-à~mo Y ZmWm© ` dXm{‘ gw { d{ZpíMV‘² & &1&&
Q>rH$m : BVZ| `m ñVmoÌH$mo nmR> H$[adodmaoHw§$ ò (Ÿlr`_wZmOrŸ) AmZÝXH$mo XmZ gXmZÝX§=gpÀMXmZÝX gw{d{ZpíMV§=Am{N> ^m§{Vgm|
H$aV h|, Eg| ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw:I VWm nmnHw§$ h[adodmao à^wH$m| {à` lrAmMm`©Or
h[a¨=lrH¥$îUHw$§ {ZpíMV H$`m} ^`mo
_hmà^wOr H$hV h|.
ZËdm=àUm‘ H$[aHo$ gd©{gÕmÝVgL²>J«h§=g^r
~mb-à~moYZmWm©`=~mbH$Z²Hw$§ AmN>r {gÕmÝVZ²Ho$ gL²>J«hH$m|
`Ú{n lr`_wZmOrHo$ AÝ` ñVmoÌ h| VWm{n `m ñVmoÌHo$ nmR>gy§ hr g~ \$b
{_bo ho AÝ` ñVmoÌHo$ nmR>gy§ Zmht {_bo ho. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo AÝ` ñVmoÌ_| Egmo ^m§{Vgm| AW©~moY hmo` dmHo${bò (Ah§=‘|)dXm{‘=H$hÿ§ hþ§
ñdê$n{Zê$nU Zmht ho. Vog| AmZÝXH$[aH|$ gXm nmR> H$ao V~ \$b {_bo, Š`m|Ÿ?
Omo AW©H$mo kmZ hmo` V~ AmZÝX àmßV hmo`. Amoa gXm nmR> H$ao V~ Amgwamdoe ^mdmW© : ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw:I VWm nmn Hw$§ h[adodmao gXmZÝX (lrH¥$îU) ^JdmZ²Hw$§
Z hmo`. Vog| lr`_wZmOrHo$ ñVmoÌgy§ hr `h \$b {_bo ho AmoaHo$ ñVmoÌgy§ Zmht {_bo Z‘Z H$[aHo$, ~mbH$Z²Hw$§ AmN>r ^m§{Vgy§ ~moY hmo`doHo${bò, g~ à‘mUZ²gy§ {ZpíMV
ho. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo ^JdmZ²Zo Aï>{dY Eoíd`© lr`_wZmOrH$m| {Xò h|. Vmgy§ lr`_wZmOrHo$ {H$`mo ^`mo gd©{gÕmÝVH$mo gL²>J«h H$hÿ§ hþ§.
`m Aï>H$H$mo AWm©ZwgÝYmZ nyd©H$ AmZÝXgy§ gXm nmR> H$ao Vmo g~ \$b àmßV
hmo`Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ² "h[a' h| Vmgy§ Xw:IZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm H$ao h|; Amoa gXmZÝX h| Vmgy§
B{V lrdëb^mMm`© {da{MV lr`_wZmï>H$H$s gwIH$s àmpßV H$amdo h|. {VZHw$§ lrAmMm`©Or Z‘Z H$[aHo$ `h OVm`mo Omo
Jmoñdm_r lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamOH¥$V OrdZ²Hw$§ Xw:IH$s {Zd¥{Îm VWm gwIH$s àmpßVH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vmo XrZVmnyd©H$
d«O^mfmQ>rH$m gånyU© ^B©Ÿ&& ^JdmZ²H$m| Z‘Z H$aZmo. gmo (Z‘Z) H$[aHo$ gd©{gÕmÝVH$mo gL²>J«h H$hÿ§Jmo Ego
H$ømo ho. BVZo (AWm©V²) nwéfmW©H$mo à{VnmXZ H$[adodmao Omo emó h| {VZH$mo Om‘|
{gÕmÝV ho Egmo J«ÝW H$hÿ§ hþ§.
ò J«ÝW ~mbH$Z²Hw$§ ~moY H$[adoHo${bò ho. BVZo AnZmo {hV H$hm VWm A{hV
lr`_wZmï>H$_² ~mb~moY:
157 158
H$hm dmo Zmht OmZo h|; Amoa ^md ewÕ ho Vmgy§ X`mHo$ nmÌ h| gmo "~mbH$' H$ho
Om` h|. {VZH$m| Xygao ’$b-gmYZ{df`H$ Cnm` J«hU H$[adoH$mo ^«‘ {‘Q>m`Ho$
Oogmo A{YH$ma Vm à‘mU ^pŠV‘| AWdm eaUmJ{V‘| àdoe hmo`doH$mo gm‘Ï`©
hmo` Egmo ~moY CËnÝZ H$[adoHo${bò `h J«ÝW ho&&1&&
ò Mm`m] Zm__mÌgy§ hr "AW©' H$ho Om` h|. dñVwVmgy§ Vmo ^pŠV hr _w»`
nwéfmW© ho. Vmgy§ hr _yb_| ""nwéfmW© h|'' Eg| Zmht H${hHo$ ""AW© h|'' Ego H$ømo
`m àH$ma Amoa(AÝ`) ’$bH$mo gå~ÝY ~Vm`Ho$ n{hbogy§ nwéfmW©Z²Ho$ {df`‘| ho. Amoa BZ nwéfmW©Z²H$mo OrdZ²Zo {dMma {H$`mo ho VWm B©ídaZohþ {dMma {H$`mo ho,
gÝXoh {‘Q>m`doHo${bò g§jongy§ {VZH$mo {ZíM` H$hV h|: Eg| Xmo` àH$magy§ ò {dMm[aV h|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
Y‘m© W © - H$m‘-‘mo j m»`me² MËdmamo @ Wm© ‘Zr{fUm‘² & {Q>ßnUrŸ:

Ordo í da-{dMmao U {ÛYm Vo {h {dMm[aVm:&&2&& 1 ""ñdJ©H$s H$m_Zmdmamo Á`mo{Vï>mo_`kgy§ ÒZ H$ao'' BË`m{XH$ H$[adoH$s Amkm ho.
2.Ÿ""~«m÷U _m[ado`mo½` Zmht ho'' BË`m{XH$ Zmht H$[adoH$s Amkm ho.
‘Zr{fUm§=~w{Õ‘mZZ²Ho$ (gpÝV=h|)Vo=do
Y‘m©W©H$m‘‘mojm»`m:=Y‘©, AW©, Ordoída-{dMmaoU=Ord Amoa- Eg| nwéfmW©Z²Ho$ Xmo` àH$maH$mo à{VnmXZ H$[aHo$ B©ída{dMm[aV nwéfmW©Z²H$mo
H$m‘ Amoa ‘moj Zm‘Ho$ B©ída Ho$ Ûmam {dMm[aV hmo`dogy§ ñdê$n H$hV h|Ÿ:
MËdma:=Mma {ÛYm=Xmo VahHo$, {h={ZpíMV hr
AWm©:=nwéfmW] {dMm[aVm:={dMmao Jò h| Abm¡ { H$H$mñVw do X mo Š Vm: gmÜ`-gmYZ-g§ ` w V m:Ÿ&
bm¡ { H$H$m F${f{^: àmo Š Vmg² VW¡ d o í da{ej`mŸ&&3Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : Y‘©, AW©, H$m‘ Amoa ‘moj Ego Zm‘Ho$ Mm`m] AW© ~w{Õ‘mZZ²Ho$ h|.
(BVZo gmYmaUZ²Hw$§ àmßV hm|` Ego Zmht h|) gmo dohr AW© Ord{dMm[aV Amoa gmÜ`gmYZg§`wVm:Ÿ=ŸgmÜ` Amoa gmYZdmao Abm¡{H$H$m:Ÿ=ŸAbm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW]
B©ída{dMm[aV Ego Xmo` àH$maHo$ h|. VwŸ=ŸVmo, doXmoŠVm:Ÿ=ŸdoX_| H$ho h| B©ída{ej`mŸ=ŸB©ídaH$s Amkmgy§
Q>rH$m : {VZ‘| doXm{XH$Z²‘| #B1#AH$[adoH$s AWdm #B2#AZht H$[adoH$s Amkm bm¡{H$H$m:Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW] F${f{^:Ÿ=ŸF${fZ²Ho$ Ûmam
ho gmo "Y‘©' H$ømo Om` ho.
VWm EdŸ=Ÿdogo hr àmoŠVm:Ÿ=ŸH$ho Jò h|
‘mbm MÝXZ ór nwÌ Xoh àmU AmâU J¥h YZ à^¥{V g~ "AW©' H$ho Om§`.
eãX ñne© ê$n ag JÝY à^¥{V {df`Z²‘| BpÝÐ`Z²H$s AZwHy$bVmgy§ àd¥{Îm
^mdmW© : gmÜ` Amoa gmYZ H$[aHo$ `wŠV Abm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW© Vmo doX_| H$ho h|
hmo` gmo "H$m‘' H$ømo Om` ho. Amoa
gmo B©ída{dMm[aV nwéfmW© h|. Amoa Vog|hr {Zê$nU H$[adoH$s B©ídaH$s Amkm ho
AhÝVm-‘‘VmË‘H$ g§gmaH$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo`Ho$ AnZo ñdê$n‘| Omo pñW{V gmo Vmgy§ F${fZ²Ûmam {Zê${nV nwéfmW© bm¡{H$H$nwéfmW© (ŸOrd{dMm[aVŸ) h|.
"‘moj' H$ømo Om` ho.
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
159 160
Q>rH$m : gmÜ` Amoa gmYZ H$[aHo$ `wŠV Abm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW© Vmo doX_| H$ho h|. Oog|
A_wH$ gmYZ H$[aHo$ A_wH$ `km{XH$ Y_© {gÕ hmoV ho, A_wH$ gmYZ H$[aHo$ Y_©emóm{UŸ=ŸY_©emó| {ÌdJ©gmYH$m{Z = {ÌdJ©Ho$ gmYH$ h|
A_wH$ AW© {gÕ hmoV ho, A_wH$ gmYZ H$[aHo$ A_wH$ H$m_ {gÕ hmoV ho Amoa MŸ=ŸAmoa B{V (ŸhoVmo:Ÿ)Ÿ=Ÿ`m H$maUgy§
A_wH$ gmYZ H$[aHo$ _moj {gÕ hmoV ho -Ego doX_| {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. Amoa doX
Zr{V:Ÿ=ŸZr{Vemó| MŸ=ŸAmoa VpÝZU©`:Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$mo {ZU©`
B©ídaàmoŠV ho Vmgy§ doX_| H$ho h| gmo nwéfmW© B©ída{dMm[aV nwéfmW© h| Amoa F${fZ²Zo
H$ho h| gmo bm¡{H$H$nwéfmW© (ŸOrd{dMm[aVŸ) h|. `Ú{n g~ F${f doXHw§$ Om{Zdodmao H$m_emóm{UŸ=ŸH$m_emó| (ŸAñ_m{^:Ÿ=Ÿh_mao ÛmamŸ)
h| VWm{n Vog|hr {Zê$nU H$[adoH$s B©ídaH$s Amkm ho Vmgy§ {^ÝZ {Zê$nU {H$`mo H«$_mV²Ÿ=ŸH«$_gm| ZŸ=ŸZmht CÀ`VoŸ=ŸH$ømo ho
hoŸ&&3Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : _Zwñ_¥{V Am{X Y_©{Zê$nU H$[adodmao emó, H$m_ÝXH$s` Am{X
F${f{dMm[aV bm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW©Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$[adodmao emóZ²H$s n[aJUZmŸ: Zr{Vemó (ŸAW©emóŸ) VWm dmËñ`m`Z Am{X H$m_emó H«$_gm| Y_©, AW© Amoa
bm¡{H$H$m§ñVw àdú`m{_ doXmX² AmÚm `V: pñWVm:Ÿ& H$m_ BZ {ÌdJ©Ho$ gmYH$ h|. Vmgm| {dZH$mo {ZU©` h_ Zmht H$ao h|Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
bm¡{H$H$mZ²Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW©Z²H$m| `V:Ÿ=ŸH$maUHo$ Q>rH$m : {VZ_| Y_©emó Y_©Hw§$ {gÕ H$[adodmao h|, Zr{Vemó AW©Hw§$ {gÕ
H$[admao h| Amoa H$m_emó H$m_Hw§$ {gÕ H$[admao h|. Y_©, AW© Amoa H$m_ ò
VwŸ=ŸVmo (ŸAh§Ÿ=Ÿ_¢Ÿ) AmÚm:Ÿ=Ÿn{hbo
VrÝ`m| "{ÌdJ©' H$ho Om` h|. gmo ewÕ^mddmao AZÝ`^ŠVZ²H$m| Vmo à^whr {gÕ
àdú`m{_Ÿ=ŸH$hV hm| doXmV²Ÿ=ŸdoXgm| H$[a XoV h|. Amoa `{X gmYmaU ^ŠVZ²H$m|hþ à^w {ÌdJ© {gÕ H$a| Vmo BVZohr_|
(ŸdoX_m{lË`Ÿ=ŸdoXH$mo Aml`ŸboHo$Ÿ) pñWVm:Ÿ=ŸpñWV, (ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) AQ>H$ Om§`. Vmgy§ {VZ(Ÿ{ÌdJ©Ÿ)_| (ŸgmYmaU ^ŠVZ²Ho$Ÿ) l_(Ÿà`ËZŸ)H$mo à^w
Zme H$ao h|. Vmgy§ {VZH$mo {ZU©` (Ÿ`hm§Ÿ) Zmht H$ømo hoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : Abm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW© Vmo doXgy§ pñWV h|. {VZH$mo {dMma H$[adoH$s
Amdí`H$Vm Zmht ho. Vmgy§ bm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW©Hw§$ Vmo H$hÿ§Jmo. Eg| {ÌdJ©H$s ì`dñWmH$mo gyMZ H$[aHo$ _mojê$n \$b EH$ ho qH$dm AZoH$
hoŸ? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hVŸh|Ÿ:
Q>rH$m : Abm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW© Vmo doXgy§ pñWV h|. {VZH$mo {dMma H$[adoH$s Amdí`H$Vm
Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo {OZHw§$ Abm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW© {gÕ H$[adoH$s BÀN>m hmo` do doX_| _mo j o MËdm[a emóm{U bm¡ { H$Ho $ naV: ñdV:Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
{bIo à_mU H$a|. naÝVw do nwéfmW© {gÕ hmo` gH|$ Ego Zmht h| ò OVm`doHo${bò {ÛYm Ûo - Ûo ñdVg² VÌ gm§ » `-`mo J m¡ àH$s{V© V m¡ Ÿ &
""pñWV h|'' Eg| H$ømo ho. BVZo àM{bV Zmht ho. Vmgy§ bm¡{H$H$ nwéfmW©Hw§$ Vmo
Ë`mJmË`mJ-{d^mJo Z gm§ » ò Ë`mJ: àH$s{V© V :Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
H$hÿ§Jmo.
ñdV:Ÿ=ŸAmnhrŸ/Ÿñd`§hr Ë`mJmË`mJ-{d^mJoZŸ=Ÿ
Y_© e móm{U Zr{VíM H$m_emóm{U M H« $ _mV² Ÿ &&4Ÿ&&
naV:Ÿ=ŸAÝ` Ûmam Ë `mJ Amoa AË`mJ Ho$ ôXgm|
{ÌdJ© - gmYH$mZr{V Z VpÝZU© ` CÀ`Vo Ÿ &&
{ÛYmŸ=ŸXmo àH$maHo$ gm§»`-`moJm¡Ÿ=Ÿgm§»ç Amoa `moJ
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
161 162
bm¡{H$Ho$Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$ ñdV:Ÿ=ŸIwXŸ/ŸAmn H$[aHo$ AhÝVm-__VmH$mo Zme ^ò ñdê$nñW:Ÿ=Ÿñdê$n_| pñWV
_mojoŸ=Ÿ_moj_|, Ûo-ÛoŸ=ŸXmo-Xmo àH$s{V©Vm¡Ÿ=ŸH$ho Jò h| gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ àH$magy§ (Ÿ^d{V VXmŸ=Ÿhmodo ho V~Ÿ)
(ŸH¥$Ëdm B{V `mdV²Ÿ=ŸEgo H$[aHo$Ÿ) gm§»òŸ=Ÿgm§»ç_|, Ë`mJ:Ÿ=ŸË`mJ {ZahL²>H¥$Vm¡ (Ÿg{VŸ)Ÿ=ŸAhL²>H$ma g:Ÿ=Ÿdmo, H¥$VmW©:Ÿ=ŸH¥$VmW©
MËdm[aŸ=ŸMma, emóm{UŸ=Ÿemó| àH$s{V©V:Ÿ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgm| H$ôçmo a{hV ^ò (ŸOrdo B{V eof:Ÿ) {ZJÚVoŸ=ŸH$ôçmo Om` ho
(ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) VÌŸ=ŸCZ_| (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
^mdmW© : AhÝVmŸ-Ÿ__VmH$mo Zme ^òV| gd©Wm Ah‘>maeyÝ` hmo`dono O~ Ord
^mdmW© : bm¡{H$H$ _moj_| Xmo` emó (Ÿ_mJ©Ÿ/ŸCnm`Ÿ/ŸgmYZŸ) naV: _moj {gÕ AnZo ñdê$n_| aho V~ gmo Ord "H¥$VmW©' H$ømo Om` ho.
H$[adodmao h| Amoa Xmo` emó ñdV: _moj {gÕ H$[adodmao h|. Eg| H$[aHo$ ñ_mV©_moj
{df`H$ Mma emó h|. {dZ_|gy§ ñdV: (ŸOrdHo$ ñdmYrZŸ) _moj_| Ë`mJ Amoa Q>rH$m : BVZo, ñWybeara VWm {b“eara H$s AhÝVm Amoa BZHo$ n[aH$a Omo
AË`mJ Ho$ ôXgy§ gm§»` Amoa `moJ emó H$ho h|. J¥hm{XH$ VWm àmU, BpÝÐ` à^¥{V h| {VZ_| __VmH$mo Ë`mJ hmo` V~ ~w{ÕVÎd_|
Omo à{V{~å~ aømo ho Vm_| A{^_mZ {_Q> Om`. V~ H$Îmm©nZmo VWm ^moŠVmnZmohþ
Q>rH$m : Om_| emó_| H$hr ar{Và_mU gmYZ H$[adoV| Ord H¥$VmW© hmo` gmo ñdV: {_{Q> Om`. V~ Ord AnZo ñdê$n_|hr àH$me_mZ hmo`. gmo Ord _wŠV ^`mo Eg|
_mojgmYH$ emó h|. Amoa Om emó_| H$hr ar{Và_mU gmYZ H$[adoV| H$moCHo$ gm§»`mMm`©Z²Zo H$ømo hoŸ&&7Ÿ&&
àgmXgy§ (ŸH¥$nmgy§Ÿ) Ord H¥$VmW© hmo` gmo naV: _mojgmYH$ emó h|. Vm_| ñdV:
(ŸOrdHo$ ñdmYrZŸ) _moj_| Ë`mJ Amoa AË`mJ Ho$ ôXgy§ gm§»` Amoa `moJ emó Jm¡Îm_m{XH$Z²Ho$ _V_| Oogo doX{déÕ A§e h| Vogo gm§»`_|hþ doX{déÕ A§e
H$ho h|. BVZo Ë`mJ H$[adogy§ _moj {gÕ hmo` Egmo à{VnmXZ H$[adodmamo EH$ emó h|. V~ gm§»`_| Omo _mojH$mo à{VnmXZ {H$`mo ho Vm_| {eï>Z²H$mo AmXa Ho$go hoŸ?
ho. Amoa Ë`mJ {H$ò {~Zm _moj {gÕ hmo` Egmo à{VnmXZ H$[adodmamo EH$ (ŸXygamoŸ) Amoa Jm¡Îm_m{XH$Z²Z| Omo _mojH$mo à{VnmXZ {H$`mo ho Vm_| {eï>Z²H$mo AZmXa Š`m|
emó ho. Vm_| gm§»`memó_| Ë`mJ H$ømo ho. BVZo {ZË`m{ZË`dñVwH$mo {ddoH$ hmo` hoŸ? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
V~ d¡am½` ^ògy§ Ë`mJ H$ao V~ _moj hmo`. Ego Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ _moj OrdHo$
ñdmYrZ ho Egmo ~Vm`dodmamo gm§»èmó hoŸ&&5-6Ÿ&&
VXWª à{H« $ `m H$m{MV² nw a mUo @ {n {Zê${nVmŸ&
F${f{â² ~hþ Y m àmo Š Vm \$b_² EH$_² A~møV:Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
Xohm{XH$ g”mV {dÚ_mZ ho V~ Ë`mJ_mÌV| Ho$g| _wpŠV hmo`Ÿ? Egr e‘>m
H$[aHo$ _wpŠVH$mo àH$ma H$hV h|Ÿ:
VXWªŸ=ŸdmHo${bò nwamUoŸ=ŸnwamUZ²_|, A{nŸ=Ÿ^r
F${f{^:Ÿ=ŸF${fZ²Zo {Zê${nVmŸ=Ÿ{Zê${nV ho
AhÝVm-__Vm-Zmeo gd© W m {ZahL² > H¥ $ Vm¡ Ÿ &
~hþYmŸ=Ÿ~hmoV Vaohgy§ A~møV:Ÿ=Ÿemógy§ A{déÕ àH$magy§
ñdê$nñWmo `Xm Ord: H¥ $ VmW© : g {ZJÚVo Ÿ &&7Ÿ&&
àmoŠVmŸ=ŸH$ømo ho EH§$Ÿ=ŸEH$, \$b_²Ÿ=Ÿ\$b
H$m{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$moD$, à{H$`mŸ=Ÿà{H«$`m (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ)
AhÝVm-__VmZmeo (Ÿg{VŸ)Ÿ= `XmŸ=ŸO~, Ord:Ÿ=ŸOrd
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
163 164
^mdmW© : AÝ`Wm-ê$nH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ AnZo ñdê$ngm| Omo pñW{V ho gmo _wpŠV
ho. Ego _mojHo${bò H$moC à{H«$`mH$mo nwamU_|hþ {Zê$nU ^`mo ho. AZrída gm§»`Hw§$ ^mdmW© : Ë`mJ Zmht H$[ado_| `moJ_mJ© H$ømo Om` ho, `h ~mV {ZpíMV ho. Amoa
N>m§{S>Ho$ g~H$mo \$b EH$ hmo` ho. Ë`mJhþ _Zgy§ H$aZmo; AWm©V² _mZ{gH$ Ë`mJ H$ao. Amoa `moJ_mJ©_|hþ `_, {Z`_
Am{X A“ Vmo Adí` gmYZo M{hò. `moJ {gÕ ^ògy§ AmË_mHo$ ñdê$n_|
Q>rH$m : nwamU doXHo$ AW©H$s d¥{Õ H$[aHo$ ñnï> {ZU©` H$[adodmamo ho. VmHo$ pñW{Vê$n _moj {gÕ hmo` ho.
AZwHy$b gm§»`H$mo _moj ho Vmgy§ Vm_| {eï>Z²H$mo AmXa ho. Amoa Jm¡Îm_m{XH$Z²Zo
_mojH$mo Oogmo à{VnmXZ {H$`mo ho gmo nwamUgy§ AZwHy$b Zmht ho. Vmgy§ Vm_| Q>rH$m : OmHw$ Ë`mJ {H$ò {dZm _mojH$mo gmYZ H$aZmo hmo` Vmo VmHo${bò `moJ_mJ©
{eï>Z²H$mo AmXa Zmht ho. `Ú{n F$frZ²Z| ~hmoV àH$maH$s gm§»`H$s à{H«$`m H$hr ho. BVZ| {MÎmd¥{ÎmH$mo {ZamoY H$aHo$ AmË_mH$mo ~moYH$ _mJ© ho gmo nyamUgy§ AZwHy$b
ho VWm{n {Zarída gm§»`Hw$ N>m§{S>Ho$ AÝ` g~ gm§»`_| AmË_ì`{V[aŠV g~Z²H$mo ho. Vm_| Ë`mJhþ _Zgy§ hr ho. `_, {Z`_, AmgZ, àUm`m_, àË`mhma, Ü`mZ,
Ë`mJ H$aZmo ò AÝVa“ gmYZ EH$(Ÿg_mZŸ) ho VWm AnZo ñdê$n_| pñW{Vê$n YmaUm Amoa g_m{Y ê$n gmYZ Vmo H$aZ|. V~ `moJ {gÕ ^ògy§ AmË_mHo$ ñdê$n_|
_moj\$bhþ EH$(Ÿg_mZŸ) ho. Vmgy§ (Ÿemógy§Ÿ) ~mø gm§»`Hw$ N>m§{S>Ho$ g~ gm§»` pñW{Vê$n _moj {gÕ hmo` hoŸ&&9Ÿ&&
{eï>Z²H$m| AmXa H$[ado`mo½` ho. AWdm nwamUmoŠV gm§»`_| AmË_Xe©Zê$n àW_
EH$ \$b hmo` ho Amoa nrN>o kmZÛmam _mojê$n Xygamo \$b hmo` ho. Vm_| F$frZ²Zo
Eg| ñdV: (ŸOrdHo$ ñdmYrZŸ) _moj_| Xygao emóH$mo {ZU©` {H$`mo. A~,
Omo {dMma {H$`moŸho dmH$mo AmË_Xe©Zê$n EH$ \$b hmo` ho. gmohÿ {Zarída
naV: (Ÿnaml`Ÿ) _mojHo$ Xmo` emóH$mo {ZU©` H$[adoHo${bò Vm_| _mojH$mo Omo
gm§ » `Ÿ{gdm`Ho $ gm§ » `H$mo \$b ho . {Zarída gm§ » `H$mo \$bŸVmo
ñdê$n ho VmHo$ {Zê$nUnyd©H$ {dñVma ~VmdV h|. ~«÷mOr _mojHw§$ Zmht XoV h| Vm_|
ZaH$àmpßVê$nhrŸhoŸ&&8Ÿ&&
à_mUhþ H$hV h|Ÿ:
Eg| ñdV:(ŸñdmYrZŸ) _mojHo$ gmYH$ EH$ emóH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ (ŸñdmYrZ

namlò U _mo j ñVw {ÛYm gmo @ {n {Zê$ß`Vo Ÿ &
_mojHo$ gmYH$Ÿ) Xygao emóH$mo {Zê$nU H$aVŸh|Ÿ:
~« ÷ m ~« m ÷UVm§ `mVg² VÐy n o U gw g o ì `Vo Ÿ &&10Ÿ&
Vo gdm© W m© Z MmÚo Z emó§ {H$pÄMX² CXr[aV_² Ÿ &
AË`mJo `mo J _mJm} {h Ë`mJmo @ {n _Zg¡ d {hŸ&
`_mX`ñVw H$V© ì `m: {gÕo `mo J o H¥ $ VmW© V mŸ&&9Ÿ&&
namlòUŸ=Ÿna_mË_mH$moŸAml`ŸH$[aHo$ ~«m÷UVm§Ÿ=Ÿ~«m÷UnZ|Hw§$
_moj:Ÿ=Ÿ_moj, VwŸ=ŸVmo `mV:Ÿ=ŸàmßV ^ò h|
AË`mJoŸ=ŸË`mJ Z H$[adono (ŸH$V©ì`:Ÿ=ŸH$aZmoŸ)
{ÛYmŸ=ŸXmo`ŸàH$magy§Ÿ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho) VÐynoUŸ=Ÿdm ê$ngy§
{hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§ `_mX`:Ÿ=Ÿ`_ BË`m{X, VwŸ=ŸVmo
gmoŸ=ŸdmH$mo, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ gwgoì`VoŸ=Ÿny{OV h|, VoŸ=Ÿdo
`moJ_mJ©:Ÿ=Ÿ`moJ_mJ© ho H$V©ì`m:Ÿ=ŸH$aZ|, `moJoŸ=Ÿ`moJ ^ò
{Zê$ß`Vo = {Zê$nU H$a| h| gdm©Wm©Ÿ=Ÿg^r AW©
{hŸ=ŸAmoa {\$a, Ë`mJ:Ÿ=ŸË`mJ {gÕo(Ÿg{VŸ)Ÿ=Ÿ{gÕ ^ò
~«÷mŸ=Ÿ~«÷mOr AmÚoZŸ=Ÿ~«÷mOrgy§
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, _ZgmŸ=Ÿ_Zgy§, EdŸ=Ÿhr H¥$VmW©VmŸ=ŸH¥$VmW©nZm|(^d{V=hmo`Ÿho)
ZŸ=ŸZmht(`V:Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$) emó§Ÿ=ŸemóHw§$
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
165 166
{H$pÄMV²Ÿ=ŸWmo‹S>mogmo CXr[aV§Ÿ=ŸH$ømoŸ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho) H$m`m£Ÿ=ŸXmo H$m`© OJV:Ÿ=ŸOJV²H$mo
emó-àdV©H$m¡Ÿ=Ÿ {hVH$maH$m¡Ÿ=Ÿ{hV H$[adodmao
^mdmW© : naml` H$[aHo$ _moj Vmo {ed VWm {dîUw Ho$ Aml`gy§ hmoV ho. Vmgm| emóH$mo àdV©Z H$[adodmao h| (ŸñV:Ÿ=Ÿh|Ÿ)
Xmo` àH$maH$mo {Zê${nV {H$`mo Om` ho. ~«÷mOr doX AWdm na~«÷ Ho$ Om{Zdodmao
hmoBdogy§ AWdm ~«m÷UH$s Om{VHo$ A{^_mZdmar XodVmnZoHw§$ àmßV ^ò h| Vmgm| ^mdmW©Ÿ-ŸQ>rH$m : (Ÿ~«÷mOrgm| _moj Zmht {_bo hoŸ) Vmgy§ {ed Amoa {dîUw
{dZH$s godm ~«m÷Uñdê$ngy§ hmo` ho. Vmgm| Y_©-AW©-H$m_-_mojê$n AW© OJV²H$mo {hV H$[adodmao h|. Amoa dñVwH$mo nmbZ {dîUwH$mo Adí` H$V©ì` ho VWm
~«÷mOrgy§ àmßV Zmht hmoV h|. Amoa {dZZ| d¡ImZg_ÝÌê$n emó H$Nw>H$ H$ømo ho. dñVwH$mo g§hma {edmOrH$mo Adí` H$V©ì` ho. Vog| hr MVwd©J© {df`H$ emóHo$
àdV©H$hþ ò XmoD$ h|; Vm_| Oogmo OmH$mo A{YH$ma ho Vmà_mU àd¥{Îm hmo` Ego
Q>rH$m : naml` H$[aHo$ _moj Vmo {ed VWm {dîUw Ho$ Aml`gy§ hmoV ho. Vmgm| Xmo` emó H$[adodmao XmoD$ h|Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
àH$maH$mo {Zê${nV {H$`mo Om` ho. `Ú{n JwUmdVmaZ²_| ~«÷mhþ h| Aé JwUm{^_m{ZnZog§y
(Ÿ{dîUw-{ed-~«÷mŸ) VrZm| g_mZ h|; VWm{n gañdVrHo$ emnm{XH$gy§ ~«÷mH$mo {edHo$ emó_| {edH$mo gdm©Ë_H$nZmo H$ømo ho Amoa {dîUwHo$ emó_|
nyÁ`nZmo {_{Q> J`mo ho. Vmgy§ doXHo$ Om{ZdonZoHw§$ AWdm na~«÷ Om{ZdonZoHw§$ {dîUwH$mo gdm©Ë_H$nZmo H$ømo ho; V~ {dîUwH$mo (Ÿg¥{ï>Ÿ)nmbZê$n EH$ H$m`© ho
AWdm ~«m÷UH$s Om{VHo$ A{^_mZdmar XodVmnZoHw§$ àmßV ^ò h|. {VZH$s godm Amoa {edmOrH$mo (Ÿg¥{ï>Ÿ)g§hmaê$n EH$ H$m`© ho Eg| Ho$g| gå^doŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo`
~«m÷Uñdê$ngy§ hmo` ho. _mojHo${bò ~«÷mOrH$mo godZ Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo ~«÷mOrH$mo Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
H$m`© g¥{ï> H$[adoH$mo ho Amoa _moj ho gmo Vmo g¥{ï>H$m`©gy§ {déÕ ho. Vmgy§ ~«÷mOr
_mojHw§$ Zmht Xo` h|. ò (ŸY_©-AW©-H$m_-_mojê$nŸ) g~ AW© ~«÷mOrgy§ àmßV
Zmht hmoV h|. AWm©V² Xmo`-VrZ AW© àmßV hmoV h|. AWdm ~«÷mOrHw§$ goddodmao ~« ÷ ¡ d VmÑe§ `ñ_mV² gdm© Ë _H$V`mo { XVm¡ Ÿ &&12Ÿ&&
g~ AW©dmao Zmht hmo` h| {H$ÝVw `pËH$pÄMV² AW©dmao hmo` h|. Amoa {dZZ| {ZXm} f -ny U © - Jw U Vm VV² - VÀN>móo V`mo : H¥ $ VmŸ&
d¡ImZg_ÝÌê$n emó H$Nw>H$ H$ømoŸhoŸ&&10Ÿ&&
`ñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$, VmÑe§Ÿ=Ÿdm ê$n gdm©Ë_H$V`mŸ=Ÿgdm©Ë_H$ê$ngy§
{ed Amoa {dîUw H$mo ñdê$n g_wPmdV h|Ÿ: ~«÷Ÿ=Ÿ~«÷, EdŸ=Ÿhr (ŸhoŸ) C{XVm¡Ÿ=ŸH$ho h|Ÿ(qH$MŸ=ŸAmoa)
(ŸVñ_mV² Vm¡=`mŸH$maUgy§Ÿ{ed{dîUwH$moŸ) VV²-VV²Ÿ=Ÿdm-dm
AV: {edíM {dîUwíM OJVmo {hVH$maH$m¡Ÿ&&11Ÿ&& emóoŸ=Ÿemó_|, V`mo:Ÿ=ŸXmoZm|Z²H$s
dñVwZ: pñW{V-g§hmam¡ H$m`m£ emó-àdV©H$m¡Ÿ& {ZXm}f-nyU©-JwUVmŸ=Ÿ H¥$VmŸ=Ÿ{Zê${nV H$ar
{ZXm}fVm Amoa nyU©JwUê$nVm (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
AV:Ÿ=ŸVmgm| {ed:Ÿ=Ÿ{edOr MŸ=ŸAmoa
dñVwZ:Ÿ=ŸdñVw(Ÿ_mÌŸ)H$mo {dîUw:Ÿ=Ÿ{dîUw, MŸ=Ÿhþ
pñW{V-g§hmam¡Ÿ=ŸnmbZ Amoa àb` (ŸÛm¡ A{nŸ=ŸXmoD$Ÿ)
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
167 168
^mdmW© : ~«÷ hr {dîUw Amoa {ed ê$n hmo` J`mo ho Vmgm| emó_| CZ XmoZm|Z²H$m| ^moJ-_moj-\$boŸ=Ÿ^moJ-_moj \$bZ²Hw§$ {edoZ = {edOrgy§, _moj: = _moj
gd© OJV²H$o _ybH$maU H$ho h|. Amoa AnZo-AnZo emó_| CZ XmoZm|ZH² $mo Xmofa{hVnZmo XmVw§Ÿ=ŸXo`doHy§$, Ûm¡Ÿ=ŸXmoC {dîUwZm={dîUwgy§, B{V=Egmo
Amoa gd©JwUgånÝZnZmo H$ømo ho. AWm©V² JwUmdVma {dîUw Amoa {ed H$mo Omo CZ- A{nŸ=Ÿhr, eŠVm¡Ÿ=ŸepŠV_mZ² {d{ZíM` = n³H$mo {ZíM`
CZHo$ emóZ²_| gdm©Ë_H$nZmo Am{X na~«÷Ho$ JwU ~Vmò h| do g~ JwU na~«÷Ho$hr
(ŸñV:Ÿ=Ÿh|Ÿ)Ÿ(ŸVWm{nŸ=ŸVmoD$Ÿ) (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
h| CZHo$ Zmht.
^mdmW© : ^moJ VWm _moj Ho$ Xo`do_| `Ú{n XmoD$ g_W© h| VWm{n {edOrHo$
Q> r H$m : AWd© { ea, ído V mídVa à^¥ { V Cn{ZfXZ² _ | {edê$ngy § Amo a
ÔZV| ^moJ Amoa {dîUwHo$ ÔZV| _moj {_bo ho, Eg| {deof {ZíM` ho.
_hmZmamÙmon{Z{fX², ZmamÙmon{ZfV² à^¥{V Cn{ZfXZ²_| {dîUwê$ngy§ ~«÷H$mo hr
à{VnmXZ ho. {VZgy§ A{déÕVmgy§ nmewnV VWm nmÄMamÌm{XH$Z²_| gdm©Ë_H$nZogy§
XmoD$Z²H$mo {Zê$nU ho. Vmgy§ ~«÷ hr Vogmo ho. Q>rH$m : lr^mJdVHo$ Xe_ñH$ÝYHo$ 88 _| AÜ`m`_| H$ømo ho Omo {edOr
epŠV`wŠV h| Amoa JwUZ²H$[aHo$ Amd¥V h|. Vmgy§ {edOrHo$ ÔZV| JwUZ²H$s
{d^yVrZ²H$mo ^moJ {_bo ho. Amoa h[a gmjmV² {ZJw©U AWm©V² _m`mV| na h|. {VZHo$
{edOrHo$ (ŸnmewnVm{XH$Ÿ) emóZ²_| {edOr {ZXm}fnyU©JwU h| Eg| {Zê$nU
ÔZV| {ZJw©U hmo` AWm©V² _moj {_bo ho. Vmgy§ lwVrZ²_| VWm nwamUm{XH$Z²_| H$moC-
{H$`mo ho Amoa {dîUwHo$ (ŸnmÄMamÌm{XH$Ÿ) emó_| {dîUw {ZXm}fnyU©JwU h| Eg|
H$moC ñWbZ²_| {edOr _moj Xo` h| VWm {dîUw ^moJ Xo` h| Ego {b»`mo ho gmo Egmo
{Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. gmo (Ÿ{Zê$nUŸ)hþ {edê$ngy§ VWm {dîUwê$ngy§ na~«÷H$mo hr
gm_Ï`© ~Vm`doHo${bò ho. XodoHo$ A{^àm`gy§ ZmhtŸhoŸ&&13Ÿ&&
{Zê$nU ho, JwUmdVmaZ²H$o A{^àm`gy§ Zmht ho. Vmgyh§ r _hm^maV_| _mojY_©(Ÿnd©Ÿ)_|
H$ømo ho Omo gm§»`, `moJ, nÄMamÌ, doX VWm nmewnV ò nm§MmoH$s {Zð>m AÝV_|
ZmamÙ à^w h|. naÝVw `m A{^àm`Hw§$ Zmht Om{Zdodmao AkmZr h| Vmgy§ {VZ_| {edOr ^moJ Xo` h| Amoa {dîUw _moj Xo` h| Vm_| ~mbH$Z²Hw§$hþ g_w{Pdo_|
Om-Om XodVmH$mo à{VnmXZ ho gmo-gmo XodVmhr AÝV_| {Zð>mê$n h| Eg| _mZo h|. Amdo Egr `wpŠV H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vmgy§ {dZHw§$ \$bhÿ {VZ-{VZ XodVmZ²_| gm`wÁ`m{XH$ hmo` ho; naÝVw ^JdmZ²H$mo
AmZÝX AWdm ÔZmZÝX Zmht {_bo ho. Egr Vahgy§ Ord{dMm[aV bm¡{H$H$ bmoHo$@{n `V² à^w^wªŠVo VÝZ `ÀN>{V H${h©{MV²Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
_mojH$mo {Zê$nU {H$`moŸ&&12Ÿ&&
bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_|, A{nŸ=hþhÿ VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo (ŸdñVwŸ=ŸdñVwŸ)
{ed VWm {dîUw Ho$ ÔZH$mo \$b EH$ ho qH$dm {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ho Eg| `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo (ŸdñVwŸ=ŸdñVwŸ) H${h©{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$~hþ
Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
à^w:Ÿ=Ÿñdm_r, ^w§ŠVoŸ=Ÿ^moJ H$ao ho ZŸ=ŸZmht, `ÀN>{VŸ=ŸXoV ho
^mo J -_mo j -\$bo XmVw § eŠVm¡ Ûmd{n `Ú{nŸ&&13Ÿ&&

^mdmW© : bmoH$_|hþ Omo dñVw ñdm_r ñd`§ ^moJo ho dm dñVwH$m| H$~hþ H$mhþH$m| Zmht
^mo J : {edo Z _mo j ñVw {dîUw Z o { V {d{ZíM`:Ÿ&& XoV ho.
`Ú{nŸ=ŸOmoHo$ ^moJ:Ÿ=Ÿ^moJ, VwŸ=ŸVmo Q>rH$m : bmoH$_|hþ Egr ar{V ho Omo ñdm_r hmo` gmo AnZo ^moJdoH$s Omo dñVw hmo`
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
169 170
gmo AmoaHw§$ Zmht XoV ho. Vog| {edOr gXm d¡am½``wŠV a{hHo$ _mojHw§$ ^moJo h| Amoa àËò H § $ gmYZ§ M¡ V X² {ÛVr`mW} _hmZ² l_:Ÿ&
{dîUw gd©Xm bú_rOrHo$ g“ ^moJ ^moJo h|. Vmgy§ {edOrH$mo ^mo½` _moj ho gmo
AmoaZ²Hw§$ Xod| Zmht h|. Amoa {dîUwH$mo ^mo½` "^moJ' ho gmo AmoaZ²Hw§$ Xod| Zmht h|, ò {hŸ=Ÿ{H$ÝVw, VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ VXml`:Ÿ=Ÿ^JdXml`
bm¡{H$H$ `wpŠV ~VmB©. naÝVw dmñV{dH$ A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo {edOr Kmoa-epŠV
A{V{à`m`Ÿ=ŸA{V{à`Hw§$ (Ÿ{gÕç{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmodo hoŸ)
g{hV {\$ao h| VWm {dZHo$ CnmgH$ Vm_g hmo` h|. Vmgy§ {edOr _moj Zmht Xod|
h|. Amoa Omo ^JdX²^ŠV {ZJw©U hm|` {VZH$m| bm¡{H$H$ g_¥{Õ Xo`doV| nmV hmo` Eg| Šd{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$~hþH$ EVV²Ÿ=Ÿò, àËòH§$Ÿ=ŸàËòH$ \$bH$mo
{OZHw§$ OmZ| {VZH$m| ^JdmZ² ^moJ Zmht XoV h|. n[a {OZH$m| g_¥{ÕH$mo _X hmo` EdŸ=Ÿ{h Xr`VoŸ=ŸXoV h| gmYZ§Ÿ=ŸgmYZ ho
Zmht Ego OmZ| {VZH$m| (ŸgwXm_mH$s Zm§BŸ) ^moJhþ XodoŸh|. gmo AJm‹S>r AmdoJmo Omo {Z`VmW©àXmZoZŸ=Ÿ{Z`VŸnXmW©Z²Hw§$ŸXodogy§ {ÛVr`mW}Ÿ=ŸXygao nwéfmW©Z²Hw§$ Xo`do_|
""A{V{à`H$m| XoVŸh|''. VXr`Ëd§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdXr`Vm _hmZ²=~‹S>mo,l_:=l_(^d{V=hmoVho)
AWdm d¡îUdOZH$m| _mojH$s BÀN>m Vmo hmoV Zmht ho Vmgy§ do {dîUwH$mo ÔZ ^mdmW© : {edOrHw§$ Omo AË`ÝV {à` hmo` VmHw§$ {edOr H$moC g_` _moj XoV
Zmht H$a|J| Amoa ^JdËgodm_| ^moJ {gÕ hmo` Egr g_¥{ÕH$s BÀN>m hmoV ho Vmgy§ h|. Amoa {dîUwHw§$ Omo AË`ÝV {à` hmo` VmHw§$ {dîUw ^moJ XoV h|, ò ~mVhþ
{edOrH$mo ÔZ H$a|Jo Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo à^w lrH¥$îU AnZo bmoH${gÕ ho. {edÔZ ^moJHw§$ {gÕ H$ao ho Amoa {dîUwÔZ _mojHw§$ {gÕ H$ao
^ŠVgå~ÝYr Om dñVwH$mo A“rH$ma H$aV h| gmo dñVw H$moC {~[a`m§ {edOr Zmht ho; ò àËòH$ gmYZ ho. Xygao-Xygao nwéfmW©H$m| Xo`do_| {ed Amoa {dîUw Hw§$
XoV h|. Š`m| Omo ^JdmZ² ^ŠVH$m_nyaH$ h| Amoa {dZH$s ^pŠV H$ënd¥j gÑe (ŸJwUn[adV©Z H$adogm|Ÿ) A{Vl_ hmo` hoŸ&&15Ÿ&&
ho, gmo g~ BÀN>m nyU© H$aV h|. (Ÿ`{X {edOr ^JdËgodm_| g_©{n©doH$s dñVw
^JdËgdoH$H$m| àXmZ H$a| Vmo ^JdmZ² Aé ^JdX²^pŠV H$mo H$ënVénZm| hr
Q>rH$m : {edOrHw§$ Omo AË`ÝV {à` hmo` VmHw§$ {edOr H$moC g_` _moj XoV h|.
IpÊS>V ô Om`Ÿ) Vog| à^wH$s ^pŠVgy§ Omo àmßV hmo` ho VmHw§$ Abm¡{H$H$nZmo ho
Amoa {dîUwHw§$ Omo AË`ÝV {à` hmo` VmHw§$ {dîUw ^moJ XoV h|, ò ~mVhþ bmoH${gÕ
Amoa Abm¡{H$H$H$mohr à^w A“rH$ma H$a| h|. Vmgy§ à^wH$m| A“rH$ma H$[adoH$s dñVw
ho. Vmgy§ {ed Amoa {dîUw _| ^moJ VWm _moj XmoC Xo`doH$s epŠV ho. {VZH$mo ^ŠV
Abm¡{H$H$ ho gmo {edOr Zmht XoV h|, à^w hr XoV h|Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
hmo` Amoa {VZH$mo Aml` H$[aHo$ A{V {à` O~ hmo` V~ {edOr VWm {dîUw XmoD$
dm ^ŠVH$mo Oogmo A{YH$ma hmo` VmHo$ AZwgma ^moJŸAmoaŸ_moj XoV h|. AWdm
{edOr _moj Zmht Xod| Vmo nmewnV emóH$mo _mojemónZm| {_{Q> Om`Jmo {edOr `{X ^moJHw§$hr XoVo hm|` V~ {dîUwHo$ ^ŠVZ²Hw§$hþ ^moJHo${bò {edOrH$s
Amoa {dîUw ^moJ Zmht Xod| Vmo ""nwÌ YZ ór hma _hob Kmo‹S>m hmWr ñdJ© Amoa _moj ^pŠV VWm Aml` H$aZmo n‹S>o Amoa {dîUw `{X _mojHw§$ hr XoVo hm|` V~ {edOrHo$
h[a^ŠVV| Xya Zmht h|'' BË`m{XH$ dmŠ`Z²_| ^JdX²^pŠVV| Eo{hH$-nmabm¡{H$H$ ^ŠVZ²H$m| _mojHo${bò {dîUwH$mo Aml` H$aZmo n‹S>o. gmo Egmo Z hmo` Vmgy§ Omo
g~ gwI {_{bdoH$mo {b»`mo ho gmo Vm_| ~mY AmdoJmo Egr e‘>m hmo` VmH$s AË`ÝV {à` hmo` VmHw§$ Xmo` nXmW© XmoD$ XoV h|.
{Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò H$hV h|Ÿ:
Omo ^JdX²^ŠV Z hmo` dmHw$ `{X ^moJH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vmo dmo {edOrH$mo
A{V{à`m` VX{n Xr`Vo Šd{MXo d hrŸ& ÔZ H$ao VWm _mojH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vmo dmo {dîUwH$mo ÔZ H$ao. Amoa Omo
{Z`VmW© - àXmZo Z VXr`Ëd§ VXml`:Ÿ&&15Ÿ&& ^JdX²^ŠV hmo` VmHw§$ Vmo g~ nXmW© ^JdmZ²gy§hr {gÕ hm|`. Vmgy§ àËòH$H$mo
A{V{à`nZmo hmo` Vogmo VXr`nZmo VWm {VZH$mo Aml` H$aZmo òhr EH$ gmYZ ho.
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
171 172
dmhr gmYZgy§ g~ {gÕ hmo`. H$mo _mhmËå` g‘>rU© H$ën_| A{YH$ H$ømo ho Amoa gmpËdH$ H$ën_| h[aH$mo
_mhmËå` A{YH$ H$ømo ho. Eg| Mm`m]Ho$ bjU ~Vm`Ho$ gmpËdH$ H$ën_|
{edOrH$m| _moj Xodo_| VWm {dîUwH$m| ^moJ Xodo_| ~‹S>mo l_ hmo` ho. AWdm _moj\$b ghO_| hmo` ho Ego {b»`mo ho. Vog| ""{dîUw^pŠV H$[adodmao gmpËdH$
{edÔZ ^moJHw§$ {gÕ H$ao ho Amoa {dîUwÔZ _mojHw§$ {gÕ H$ao ho; ò àËòH$ h| Amoa e{d^pŠV H$[adodmao Vm_g h|'' Eg| dm_Z nwamUHo$ Xe_mÜ`m`_| {b»`mo
gmYZ ho. Eg| bm¡{H$H$ _mojH$s ì`dñWm H$hr. Amoa Abm¡{H$H$ _moj ^pŠV_mJu` ho. Vmgy§ {dîUw^pŠV H$[adodmao gmpËdH$ hm|` h|. {VZH$m| gËdJwUH$s {Zd¥{V
ho. VmHo${bò Omo l_ ho gmo gmYZgy§, \$bgy§ VWm ñdê$ngy§ A{V CÎm_ hoŸ&&15Ÿ&& hmo`Ho$ erK«hr JwUmVrVnZmo hmo`dogy§ _moj hmo` ho. Vmgm| Vm_| {dîUwH$m| l_ Z
hmo`. Amoa ^moJ Xo`do_| Vmo {dZH$mo emÝV ñd^md hmo` gmo {\$amdZmo n‹S>o, Vm_|hþ
^moJ_| AmgpŠV hmo`Ho$ Xmof CËnÝZ Z hmo` Egmo ñd^md H$[ado_|hþ {dîUwH$m| l_
{edOrH$m| _moj Xodo_| VWm {dîUwH$m| ^moJ Xodo_| ~‹S>mo l_ ho Eg| H$ømo hmo`.
VmH$mo H$maU H$hV h|Ÿ:
Vog| {edOrHo$ ^ŠV Vm_g hmo` h| {VZH$m| Vmo V_moJwUHo$ aOmoJwUHo$ Amoa
Ordm: ñd^mdVmo Xw ï >m Xmo f m^mdm` gd© X mŸ&&16Ÿ&& gËdJwUHo$ Y_© {_Q>md| V~ JwUmVrVnZmo hmo` V~ _moj hmo`. Vm_| {edOrH$m|
ldUm{X VV: ào å Um gdª H$m`ª {h {gÕç{VŸ& ~hmoV l_ hmo` ho. Amoa Vm_g ñd^mddmaoZ²H$m| ^moJ Xo`do_| ^ŠVZ²H$mo ñd^md
{\$amdZmo Zmqh n‹S>o ho Vmgy§ {edOrH$m| l_ Z hmo`. Vmgy§ OrdZ²Ho$ XmofH$s
Ordm:Ÿ=ŸOrd _mÌ ldUm{XŸ=ŸldU Am{X {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò ldUm{XH$ gd©Xm H$aZm|. Vmgy§ ào_ hmo` Amoa VmH$[aHo$ VXr`Ëd
ñd^mdV:Ÿ=Ÿñd^mdgy§ (ŸH$V©ì`§Ÿ=ŸH$aZoŸ) Amoa VXml`Ëd {gÕ hmo`. AWdm Ord ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xmg h|. {VZH$m| ^JdËgodm
H$aZr ò ñdY_© ho. gmo Zmqh H$aV h| Vmgy§ Xmof`wŠV ^ò h|. dm XmofH$s
Xwï>m:Ÿ=ŸXmofdmao(ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) VV:Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§, àoåUmŸ=Ÿào_g§y
{Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò ldUm{XH$ H$aZmo Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²_| ào_ hmo` Amoa ào_H$[aH|$ g~
Xmofm^mdm`Ÿ=ŸXmof Xya H$[adoHy§$ gdªŸ=Ÿg~, H$m`ªŸ=ŸH$m`© H$m`© {gÕ hmo` hoŸ&&16Ÿ&&
gd©XmŸ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa {hŸ=ŸAdí`, {gÕç{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmo` h|
Eg| gm_Ï`© VWm gmYZ H$s ì`dñWm ~Vm`H|$ VmH$[aHo$ Omo {gÕ ^`mo gmo
H$hV h|Ÿ:
^mdmW© : Ord ^JdmZ²Ho$ A§e h| Vmgy§ ñdê$ngy§ Xwï> Zmqh h| naÝVw ñd^mdgy§ Xwï>
^ò h|. dm XmofH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò gd©Xm ldUm{XH$ H$aZm|. VmH$[aHo$ ào_ hmo`. _mo j ñVw gw b ^mo {dîUmo a ² ^mo J íM {edVg² VWmŸ&
Amoa ào_gy§ g~ H$m`© {gÕ hmo` ho.
g_n© U o Z AmZmË_Zmo {h VXr`Ëd§ ^do X ² Y« w d _² Ÿ &&17Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : BVZo lw{V_| {b»`mo ho Omo ""ñd^mdgy§ Xod, _Zwî` Amoa Agwa Eg| VrZ
_moj:Ÿ=Ÿ_moj, VwŸ=ŸVm (^d{VŸ=Ÿhmodo hoŸ)AmË_Z:Ÿ=ŸAmË_mHo$
àH$maHo$ Ord h|''. Vog| _Ëñ`nwamU_| g‘>rU©, gmpËdH$, amOg Amoa Vm_g Eg|
Mma àH$maHo$ H$ën ~Vm`Ho$ Ap½Z VWm {ed H$mo _mhmËå` Vm_g H$ën_| A{YH$ {dîUmo:Ÿ=Ÿ{dîUwgy§,Ÿgwb^:Ÿ=Ÿgwb^ g_n©UoZŸ=Ÿg_n©UÛmam,Ÿ{hŸ=Ÿ{ZíM`Ÿhr
H$ømo ho, ~«÷mH$mo _mhmËå` amOg H$ën_| A{YH$ H$ømo ho, gañdVr VWm {nV¥ (^d{VŸ=Ÿhmodo ho)VWmŸ=ŸAmoa Y«wd§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíMb,ŸVXr`Ëd§Ÿ=
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
173 174
^moJ:Ÿ=Ÿ^moJ,ŸMŸ=Ÿhþ,Ÿ{edV:Ÿ=Ÿ{edgy§ ^JdXr`nZm|,Ÿ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho VXml`VXr`Ëd~wÕç¡Ÿ=Ÿ^JdXml` ^ma-Û¡JwÊ`§Ÿ=XwJZmo ^ma
Amoa ^JdXr`nZm| Om{ZdoHo${bò (^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ)
^mdmW© : _moj Vmo {dîUwgy§ gwb^ ho, Vog| ^moJ {edgy§ gwb^ ho. AmË_r` gd©
dñVw g{hV AmË_mHw§$ ^JdÀMaUma{dÝX_| An©U H$[adogm| {ZíM` H$aHo$ {ZíMb ^mdmW© : VXr`nZmo ^`mo Z hmo` Amoa Ho$db (Ÿà^w _oao ajH$ h| Ego AZwgY§ mZdmamoŸ)
VXr`nZmo hmo` ho. Am{lV hmo` Vmohþ AnZo dUm©l_Ho$ Y_©H$mo AmMaU H$ao. Amoa Aml` VWm
VXr`nZo H$s ~w{Õ hmo`doHo${bò H$Nw>H$ ldUm{XH$ H$ao. AÝ`Wm XwJZmo ^ma hmo`.
Q>rH$m : Cna {ÛVr` AW©_| {ed Amoa {dîUw H$m| l_ ~Vm`mo ho. Vmgy§ _moj Vmo
{dîUwgy§ gwb^ ho Amoa ^moJ {edgy§ gwb^ ho. Amoa A{V{à`Ëd hmo`doHo${bò Vmo Q>rH$m : Š`m| Omo dUm©l_Y_© H$ao Zmqh Vmo VmHo$ H$maU AY_©H$mo Xmof VWm D$na
Omo AmË_mH$mo g_n©U H$ao VmH$[aH|$ {ZpíMV VXr`nZmo hmo`. Š`m| Omo _oamo Amoa ~Vmò à_mU ""Ord ñd^mdV| Xwï> h|'' gmo ñd^mdH¥$V Xmof {_{bH|$ {ÛJwU
__Vm{df`H$ {OVZo h| {VZH$mo à^wH$s BÀN>mà_mU {d{Z`moJ H$aZmo Egr ~w{Õ (ŸXwJZmoŸ) Xmof hmo`. V~ VmH$mo CÕma H$[adodmao (Ÿà^wŸ)H$m| l_ A{V ~‹S>mo hmo`.
AmË_g_n©U_| H$maU ho. gmo hmo` V~ VXr`nZmo {ZpíMV hmo`Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&
AWdm ""dUm©l_Y_© N>m§{S>Ho$ à^wHo$ MaUH$mo ÔZ H$aVmo hmo` gmo AnyU©
AmË_g_n©U {H$òV| VXr`nZmo hmo` Eg| H$ømo. V~, AmË_g_n©U Zmqh aho Vmohÿ VmH$mo AH$ë`mU Z hmo`. Amoa ^JdÀMaUH$mo ÔZ H$aVo Z hm|` {VZH$m|
{H$`mo hmo` Amoa Ho$db Aml` _mÌ hmo`, Vm_| Cna ~VmB© Egr ~w{Õ OmH$s ^B© dUm©lHo$ Y_©gy§ H$hm AW© àmßV hmo` hoŸ? H$Ny> Zhr'' Eg| àW_ñH$ÝY_|
Z hmo` Vmgy§ VXr`nZmohþ ^`mo Z hmo` VmHw§$ \$b{g{Õ Ho$g| hmo`Ÿ? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s ZmaXOrH$mo dmŠ` ho. Vmgy§ dUm©l_Ho$ Y_© H$aV|Ÿ-ŸH$aV| hþ Aml` VWm VXr`nZo
BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: H$s ~w{ÕHo${bò ldUm{XH$ H$aZm|. Vog| H$ao Zmqh Amoa Ho$db dUm©l_Y_© H$ao
Vmo Vmgy§ H$Ny> \$b Z hmo` (Ÿò EH$ ^maŸ) Amoa Aml` VWm VXr`nZo H$s
AVXr`V`m Mm{n Ho $ dbe² Mo V ² g_m{lV:Ÿ& ~w{ÕHo${bò ldUm{XH$ H$ao Zmqh BVZo à^w hþ CÕma Z H$a| Eg| XwJwZmo ^ma hmo`.
VXml`-VXr`Ëd~w X ² Ü `¡ {H$pÄMV² g_mMao V ² Ÿ &&18Ÿ&& AWdm ^pŠV_mJ©_| lrAmMm`©OrÛmam à^wH$s eaUmJ{V H$aZr òhr OrdH$mo
ñdY_© _ ² AZw { Vð>Z² d¡ ^ma-Û¡ J w Ê `_² AÝ`WmŸ& "ñdY_©' ho. gmo ñdY_© H$ao. Amoa Aml` VWm VXr`nZoH$s ~w{ÕHo${bò ldUm{XH$
H$ao Vmo \$b{g{Õ hmo`. Amoa Eg| Z H$ao Vmo XwJZmo ^ma hmo`. BVZo ldUm{XH$
gmYZ H$ao VmH$mo \$bhþ Z hmo` Amoa ^pŠV_mJu` Y_©H$mo AmMaU Zmqh H$[adogy§
MŸ=ŸAmoa, AVXr`V`mŸ=Ÿ^JdXr`nZm| {gÕ ^`mo àË`dm`hþ hmo`Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&
Z hmo`
A{nŸ=ŸVmo hþ, MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X ñdY_ªŸ=ŸñdY_©H$mo Egr Vahgy§ ~mbH$Z²H$m| ~moY hmo`doHo${bò g§jon_| {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ Cng§hma
Ho$db:Ÿ=ŸHo$db AZw{Vð>Z²Ÿ=ŸnmbZ H$aVo ^ò H$aV h|Ÿ:
g_m{lV:Ÿ=Ÿgå`ŠV`m {H$pÄMV²Ÿ=ŸH$Nw>H$
Am{lV hmo` g_mMaoV²Ÿ=ŸAmMaU H$ao BËòd§ H${WV§ gdª Z¡VÁkmZo ^«_: nwZ:Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&
(V{h©Ÿ=ŸVmo) AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZqh Vmo
~mb~moY: ~mb~moY:
175 176
Ÿ&& B{V lrdëb^mMm`©{da{MVmo ~mb~moY: gånyU©:Ÿ&& Ÿ&& {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr Ÿ&&
(8)
B{V Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$mag§y, gdªŸ=Ÿg~ kmZoŸ=ŸOm{Zdono, nwZ:Ÿ=Ÿ{\$ag§y {Z~ÝY_| ^JdmZ²H$s àmpßVHo${bò 1d¡{XH$_mJ© VWm 2^pŠV_mJ© H$mo {Zê$nU
H${WV§Ÿ=ŸH$ømo, EVV²Ÿ=Ÿò ^«_:Ÿ=Ÿ^«_, ZŸ=ŸZmqh(Ÿ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV hoŸ) {H$`mo ho. Amoa Xe_ñH$ÝYHo$ lrgw~mo{YZrOr_| 3ñdVÝÌ ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo {Zê$nU
{H$`mo ho. gmo ^JdËàmpßVHo$ VrZ _mJ©Z²_|gy§ A_wH$Hw§$ A_wH$ _mJ© _w»` ho, Ego
^mdmW© : Eg| nydm}ŠV àH$magy§ AnZo Amoa XygaoZ²Ho$ {gÕmÝVHo$ gL²>J«hê$n g~ ~Vm`doHo${bò ho; qH$dm VrZm|Z²_| A_wH$ _mJ©hr _w»` ho Ego ~Vm`doHo$ {bò hoŸ?
H$ømo ho. VmH$mo kmZ hmo` Vmo nwéfmW©Z²H$mo ñdê$n g_w{Pdo_| AÝ`Wm kmZ \o$[a Egmo gÝXoh AnZo ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ hmo`. Vog|B© dm (ŸñdVÝÌ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$Ÿ) àg“_|
Z hmo`. godmH$mo ñdê$n H$hm hoŸ? Amoa dmHo$ A{YH$mar H$moZ h|Ÿ? BË`m{XH$ gÝXoh hm|`
VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò `h (Ÿ{gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbrŸ) J«ÝW lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wOr
H$aV h|Ÿ:
Q>rH$m : BVZo àW_ `{X AÝ`Wm kmZ hmo` gmo `m_| {bIo à_mU g_wPo Vmo Vm
nmN>| AÝ`WmkmZ Z ahoŸ&&19Ÿ&&
ZËdm h[a¨ àdú`m{_ ñd{gÕmÝV{d{ZíM`_² Ÿ &&
Ÿ&& B{V lrdëb^mMm`© {da{MV ~mb~mo Y H$s H¥ $ îUgo d m gXm H$m`m© _mZgr gm nam _VmŸ&&1Ÿ&&
Jmo ñ dm{_ lrZ¥ q ghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV
d« O ^mfm_| ^mdmW© Q>rH$m gåny U © ^B© Ÿ&& h[a¨Ÿ=Ÿh[aHw§$ H¥$îUgodmŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s godm
ZËdmŸ=ŸZ_Z H$[aH|$ gXmŸ=Ÿh_|em
ñd{gÕmÝV{d{ZíM`§Ÿ=Ÿ H$m`m©Ÿ=ŸAdí` H$aZr
AnwZo {gÕmÝVHo$ {deof {ZíM`H$m| gmŸ=Ÿdmo _mZgrŸ=Ÿ_mZgr
(ŸAh§Ÿ=Ÿ_¢Ÿ) (ŸMoV² VXmŸ=Ÿhmo` V~Ÿ)
àdú`m{_Ÿ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgm| H$hVŸhm| namŸ=Ÿ\$bê$n, _VmŸ=Ÿ_mZr Om`
^mdmW© : gd© Xw:I Xya H$[ado_| g_W© lrh[aHw§$ Z_Z H$[aHo$, AnZo {gÕmÝVHo$
{ZíM`H$m| _¢ H$hÿ§Jmo. lrH¥$îUH$s godm gd©H$mb_| H$aZr M{hò. gmo godm `{X
_mZgr hmo` Vmo \$bê$nm _mZrŸOm`Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
~mb~moY: {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr
177 178
&& lr_Ëà^wMaUH¥$V{dd¥{V Ÿ&& ""godm gXm H$aZr'' Ego {b»`mo ho gmo amOmH$s AWdm Jwê$Z²H$s godm
earagy§ _Zwî` H$aV h| Vog|hr à^yZ²H$s godmhþ earagy§hr H$[adoH$mo {gÕ hmo` ho.
àUå` {nV¥ n mXmãOŸ-ŸnamJ_² AZw a mJV:Ÿ& gmo gd©H$mb Ho$go ~ZoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
H¥ $ n`m {deXrHw $ _© g ² VÛmL² > _w Š Vm\$bmdbr_² Ÿ &&
Mo V g² VËàdU§ go d m VpËgÕç¡ VZw { dÎmOmŸ&&
ñd{gÕmÝV B{V. AJ«o dú`_mU¡… ~hþ{^… {_Wmo {déÕ¡: {gÕmÝV¡: VV: g§ g ma-Xw : Iñ` {Zd¥ { Îma² ~« ÷ ~mo Y Z_² Ÿ &&2Ÿ&&
emómW©gÝXoho VpÝZamgm` ñd{gÕmÝVê$n§ emómW©{ZíM`§ dú`m{_ B{V AW©….
V_od Amhþ: H¥$îUgodm B{V. \$bmË_H$Zm_moŠË`m ñdV:nwéfmW©ËdoZ godmH¥${V: VËàdU§Ÿ=Ÿdm_| {namoZmo g§gmaXw:Iñ`Ÿ=Ÿg§gmaXw…IH$s
ñd{gÕmÝVmo, Z Vw AÝèofËdoZ B{V kmß`Vo. godm {h godH$Y_©:. VXwŠË`m MoV:Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎmH$mo godmŸ=Ÿgodm ho {Zd¥{Îm:Ÿ=Ÿ{Zd¥{Îm
OrdmZm_² AeofmUm§ ghOXmgËd§ km{nV_². AVEd Z H$_©{U Bd AÌ H$mbn[aÀN>Xo mo VpËgÕç¡Ÿ=ŸdmH$s {g{ÕHo${bò (Ÿ{H$ÄMŸ=ŸAmoaŸ)
ApñV B{V Amhþ… gXm B{V. Amdí`H$mW©"Ê`V²'àË``mÝV"H$m`©'nXmoŠË`m VX²
VZw{dÎmOmŸ=ŸVZw{dÎmOm ~«÷~moYZ§Ÿ=Ÿ~«÷H$mo ~moY
AH$aUo àË`dm`r ^d{V B{V ^mdmo kmß`Vo. gmM \$bê$nm gmYZmê$nm M
AmñVo. VÌ _mZgr gm namŸ=Ÿ\$bê$nm B{V AW©:, `Wm d«Ogr_pÝVZrZm_². VXod (ŸH$V©ì`mŸ=ŸH$aZrŸ)ŸVV:Ÿ=ŸVmgy§ (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmodo hoŸ)
VËàmUZmWoZ JrV§ ""Vm Zm{dXZ² _æ`Zwf“~Õ{Y`: ñd_² AmË_mZ_² AXg²
VWoX_²''BË`m{XZmŸ&&1Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : lrh[a_| {MÎmH$mo EH$VmZ hmoZmohr godm H$hr Om` ho. dogr godmH$s
{g{ÕHo${bò earagm| Amoa Ðì`gm| godm(Ÿ^pŠVŸ) H$aZr M{hò. dm _mZ{gH$
Q>rH$m : ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw:I VWm nmn Hw§$ h[adodmao à^yZ²H$m| Z_Z H$[aHo$ AnZo ^pŠVgm|, AhÝVm-__VmË_H$ g§gmaH$s {Zd¥{Îm Amoa ^JdÝ_mhmËå`H$mo kmZ, ò
{gÕmÝVH$mo {deof H$[aHo$ Omo {ZíM` {H$`mo ho gmo H$h§yJmo. `hm§ ""{deofH$[aHo$ Xmo AdmÝVa \$b {_bo h|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
{ZíM` {H$`mo ho'' Ego H$ømo ho VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo lr^mJdVHo$
{ÛVr`ñH$ÝY_| H$ømo ho Omo ""^JdmZ² ~«÷mZo VrZ {~[a`m§ doX Xo{IHo$ `h {ZíM` {dd¥{V : EVXod godmñdê$n_² B{V Amhþ: MoV: B{V. CŠVgodmgmYZo BVao B{V
{H$`mo Omo AmË_ê$n ^JdmZ²_| àr{V hmo` Egmo gmYZ H$aZmo òhr g_J« doXH$mo Amhþ: VX² B{V. {dÎm§ XËdm AÝòZ nwéfoU H¥$Ëdm H$[aVm EH$m. EVmÑeoZ nw§gm
A{^àm` ho'' gmo {ZíM` OVmdV h| Omo lrH¥$îUH$s godm gXm H$aZr. gmo H¥$Vm M Anam. EVmÑí`m¡ Vo VËgm{YHo$ Z B{V A{^àm`kmnH§$ g_ñV§ nX_².
VZw{dÎmOm VWm _mZgr Ego Xmo` àH$maH$s ho. Vm_| _mZgr \$bê$nm _mZr ho. EVoZ ^JdXWª {Zén{YŸ-Ÿñdgd©ñdŸ-Ÿ{ZdoXZŸ-Ÿnyd©H§$ VÌ¡d ñdXoh{d{Z`moJo àopåU
lrH¥$îU \$bmË_H$ h| {VZH$s godm gXm H$aZr Ego H$ømo ho; VmH$mo A{^àm` OmVo gm ^d{V B{V ^md:. EVmÑeñ` AdmÝVa\$b§ ^d{V B{V Amhþ: VV: B{V.
Egmo ho Omo godmH$[aHo$ Amoa(ŸAÝ`Ÿ) \$bH$s BÀN>m Zmht amIZr. godmhr ñdV: AhÝVmŸ-Ÿ__VmË_H$: g§gmamo, ZVw ànÄMmË_H$:, Vñ` ~«÷mË_H$ËdmV², VpÝZd¥Î`m
\$bê$n ho. godm gXm H$[adoH$mo {b»`mo ho VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo AnZo_| A{Zï>{Zd¥{Îm… CŠVm. Bï>àmpßV_² Amhþ… AJ«.o ñdmË_{Z ànÄMo M Aja~«÷mË_H$ËdoZ
XmgnZoH$mo AZwgÝYmZ H$[aHo$ godm ho gmo ñdVÝÌ \$bê$nm ho; Amoa OrdZ²H$m| kmZ_². ^JdËgodm`m_² A{^{Z{dï>ñ` `Ú{n AZ{^b{fVo Vo, VWm{n dñVwñd^mdmV²
Adí` H$V©ì` ho, Ego g_PHo$ godm gd©H$mb H$aZrŸ&&1Ÿ&& ^dV: B{V ^md:Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
{gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr
179 180
Q>rH$m : lrH¥$îU_| {MÎm àW_ H$Nw>H$ b½Z hmo`, nrN>o lrH¥$îUHo$ AmYrZ hmo`
Amoa Vm nrN>o lrH¥$îU_| EH$VmZê$nHw§$ àmßV hmo` (ŸBVZo VëbrZ hmo`Ÿ) gmo godm ^mdmW© : V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfV²H$s AmZÝX-~«÷-dëbr_| Aja~«÷Ho$ AmZÝXH$s
H${hò. Egr godm {gÕ hmo`doHo${bò VZw{dÎmOm godm ho. AWm©V² lrH¥$îU_| JUZm H$ar ho. {H$ÝVw dmHo$ AmJo H$ømo ho Ho$ na~«÷Ho$ AmZÝX_| _ZdmUr ^r
{MÎmH$s EH$VmZVm hmo`doHo${bò VZwOm(Ÿearagy§Ÿ) VWm {dÎmOm(ŸYZgy§Ÿ) godm ho. Zmqh nhÿ§Mo ho. Vmgy§ emó_| lrH¥$îUHw§$hr na~«÷ H$ho h|. Vmgy§ na~«÷ Vmo
`hm§ "VZwOm VWm "{dÎmOm' Ego {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ nX Z H$ømo Amoa "VZw{dÎmOm' Egmo lrH¥$îUhr h|. gV²Ÿ-Ÿ{MV²Ÿ-ŸJ{UVmZÝX Aja~«÷ ho. gmo Aja~«÷ {ZíM`H$aHo$
g_ñV nX H$ømo ho VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo AÝ`Hw§$ _yë`ê$n YZ XoHo$ godm Xmo àH$maH$mo ho. EH$ gd©OJX²ê$n ho Amoa Xygamo dm OJX²ê$ngm| OwXmo ho, OmH$mo
H$amdo gmo {dÎmOm godm ^B©; naÝVw VmH$[aHo$ {MÎm_| amOg (ŸAh‘>maŸ) Am` Om` kmZr {dMma H$a| h|Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
Vmgy§ _mZgr godm {gÕ Z hmo`. Amoa _yë`ê$n YZ boHo$ earagy§ godm H$ao gmo
VZwOm godm ^B©; naÝVw gmohþ _mZgr godmHw§$ {gÕ H$ao Zmht. Oog| `k_| ~«m÷UZ²H$mo
{dd¥{V : BX_od na§ ~«÷ B{V Z ko`_² B{V Amhþ: na§ ~«÷ Vw B{V. èmoXmoËg“-
daU hmo` ho n[a {VZH$m| `kH$mo \$b hmoV Zmht ho, Vog|B© _yë` boHo$ godm H$ao
bm{bVmo ZVw AÝ`: B{V kmnZm` _ybZm_ CŠV_². AÌ ôXH§$ ê$n_² Amhþ:
VmH$m| VZwOmgodmH$mo \$b(Ÿ_mZgrŸ) {gÕ Z hmo`. Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²_| {ZîH$m_ ñZoh
gpÀMX² B{V. EVo ^JdÕ_m©Ë_H$m:, àH$Q>Ÿ-ŸVV²Ÿ-Ÿ{Ì`mË_H$_² Aja§ ~«÷.
hmo` Amoa earagy§ VWm YZgy§ g§Jhr Omo godm H$ao VmHw$ _mZgr {gÕ hmo`. Vmgy§
AVEd ànÄM… VXmË_H$B{V gpÀMXmZÝXmË_H$Ëd§ Vpñ_Z² CÀ`Vo. EVmdmZ² na§
AhÝVm-__VmË_H$ g§gmaHo$ Xw:IH$s {Zd¥{Îm Amoa AnZmo AmË_m VWm ò ànÄM
{deofmo; OS>o gX§e: àH$Q>… BVam¡ AmÀN>ÝZm¡, OrdoVw AmÚm¡ àH$Q>m¡ AmZÝXm§e…
g~ Aja~«÷mË_H$ ho Egmo kmZ hmo`. `Ú{n ^JdËgodm_| OmH$mo A{^{Zdoe ho
{Vamo{hV:, na_mË_{Z Ì`§ ñ\w$Q>_² B{V. "H$'àË`òZ J{UVmZÝXËd_od ZVw nwéfmoÎm_dV²
VmHw§$ BZ \$bZ²H$s BÀN>m hmoV Zmht, VWm{n _mZgr godmhr Egr ho Omo g§gmaHo$
nyUm©ZÝXËd_² B{V kmß`Vo. H¥$îUŸeãXoZd¡ nwéfmoÎm_ñdê$n§ {Zê${nV_² B{V Ajañdê$n§
Xw:IH$s {Zd¥{Îm VWm gd© Aja~«÷ê$n ho Egmo kmZ, ò Xmo` AdmÝVa \$bZ²Hw§$
{Zê$n`pÝV {Ûê$n_² B{V. VX²Ÿ=ŸAja§ ~«÷. VXod ê$nÛ`§ {deX`pÝV gdª
{gÕ Vmo H$aohr hoŸ&&2Ÿ&&
ñ`mX² B{V. ànÄMê$no U Am{d^y © V _² EH$_² B{V AW© … . EH§ $ ê$n§
Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸànÄMê$nmX² - EH$ê$nËdo Z lw { Và{VnmÚËdo Z kmÝ`w n mñ`Ëdo Z
Aja~«÷ ho gmohr na~«÷ ho Ego H$moCHo$ _Z_| Amdo Vmgy§ H$hV h|Ÿ: VÝ_wpŠVñWmZËdoZ nwéfmoÎm_m{Yð>mZËdm{X{^…- {dbjU_² B{V AW©…. ZM {déÕY_£…
ôXmo AÌ e‘>Zr`:, C^`mo… Y_©`mo… EH$Ì à_mU{gÕËdoZ {damoYm^mdmV².
na§ ~« ÷ Vw H¥ $ îUmo {h gpÀMXmZÝXH§ $ ~¥ h V² Ÿ && {déÕY_m© l `Ëdñ` ~« ÷ {U ""VXo O {V VÝZ¡ O {V'' BË`m{Xlw { V{^…
{Ûê$n§ V{Õ gdª ñ`mX² EH§ $ Vñ_mX² {dbjU_² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&& {Zê$ß`_mUËdmV². bmoH$Ed {damoY: e‘>Zr`mo ZVw Abm¡{H$Ho$ ~«÷{U. BX§ `Wm
VWm ~«÷gyÌ^mîò {Zê${nV{_{V Z AÌ ànÄÀ`VoŸ&&3Ÿ&&
na§ ~«÷Ÿ=Ÿna~«÷, VwŸ=ŸVmo EH§$Ÿ=ŸEH$, gdªŸ=Ÿgd©

Q>rH$m : lrèmoXmoËg“bm{bV lrH¥$îUhr na~«÷ h|. Š`m| Omo Amn Vmo nyUm©ZÝX
H¥$îUmoŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU, {hŸ=Ÿhr(ŸApñVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) ñ`mX²Ÿ=Ÿhmodo ho
h| Amoa Aja~«÷Ho$ AmZÝX {JZVr_| Amdo h|. gmo V¡{Îmar` Cn{ZfX²_| AmZÝXH$s
gpÀMXmZÝXH§$Ÿ=ŸgV²-{MV² Amoa Aën AmZÝXdmamo Ana§Ÿ=ŸXygamo {JZVr H$ar ho, Vm_| _Zwî`Z²Ho$ AmZÝXgy§ boHo$ Aja~«÷Vm§B© gmoJwZo AmZÝX {JZo
~¥hV²Ÿ=Ÿ{dfmb Aja~«÷ (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) Vñ_mX²Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§ h|. gmo Aja~«÷Vm§B© {JZo h|. VmnrN>o _Z Amoa dmUr _| Amdo Zmht Egmo
VX² {hŸ=Ÿdmo hr {dbjU_²Ÿ=Ÿ{dbjU(ApñV=ho) (ŸAJ{UVŸ)AmZÝX {b»`mo ho. Vmgy§ lrH¥$îU_| AJ{UV AmZÝX ho Amoa Aja~«÷_|
{JZVr_| Amdo {VVZmo AmZÝX ho. gmo Aja~«÷ Xmo` ê$ndmamo ho. Vm_| (ŸEH$Ÿ)gd©
181 182
ànÄMmË_H$ BVZo OJV_| {OVZo Zm_ê$n h| gmo Aja~«÷H$mohr EH$ ê$n ho; Amoa AZrÑe§ OJV²'' B{V _r_m§gH$m:. MH$maoU doX~mø_Vm{Z gL²>J¥øÝVoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
Xygamo ê$n ànÄMgy§ {dbjU ho. AWm©V² lw{VZ²_| OmH$mo à{VnmXZ ho, kmZr OmH$s
CnmgZm H$a| h|, kmZrZ²H$s _wpŠVH$mo Omo ñWmZ ho Amoa lrnwéfmoÎm_Ho$ a{hdoH$mo Omo Q>rH$m : Aja~«÷ OJV²Ho$ ê$ngy§ àH$Q> ^`mo ho Vm_| ~hmoV dmXr bmoJ doX_Vgy§
ñWmZ ho gmo Aja~«÷H$mo Xygamo ñdê$n hoŸ&&3Ÿ&& {^ÝZ _V H$hV h|. añgr_| gn©H$s ^«mpÝV hmo` ho, AWdm ewpŠVH$m(ŸgrnŸ)_|
{damoY {_Q>m`doHo$ AW© AnZmo {gÕmÝV H${hdoHw§$ AmoaZ²Ho$ _VZ²H$mo ñdê$n aOV(ŸMm§XrŸ)H$s ^«mpÝV hmo` ho Vog| {ZJw©U ~«÷_| OJV²H$s ^«mpÝV ^B© ho; AWdm
~VmdV h|Ÿ: _m`m`wŠV B©ídaZo OJV² ~Zm`mo ho Eg| _m`mdmXr _mZo h|. Amoa gm§»`_Vdmao Ego
_mZ| h| Omo gËdJwU, aOmoJwU VWm V_moJwU BZ VrZ JwUZ²gy§ OJV² ^`mo ho.
Ana§ VÌ ny d © p ñ_Z² dm{XZmo ~hþ Y m OJw : Ÿ&& gm§»`_V H${hdogy§ nmVÄOb(Ÿ`moJŸ) _Vhþ `m_| Am` J`mo. Amoa VH©$emódmao
_m{`H§ $ gJw U § H$m`ª ñdVÝÌ§ Mo { V Z¡ H $YmŸ&&4Ÿ&& Ego H$ho h| Omo n¥Ïdr, Ob, VoO, VWm dm`w BZ g~Z²Ho$ na_mUwZ²(ŸAË`ÝV PrZoŸ-
ŸPrZo H$UZ²Ÿ)_| B©ídaH$s BÀN>mgy§ {H«$`m CËnÝZ hmo`Ho$ BZHo$ Amng_| {_bdogy§,
H$m`©ê$n ò OJV² ^`mo ho. Vm{H©$H$_V H${hdogy§ Omo ""OJV_| gmobhhr nXmW© h|''
VÌŸ=ŸVm_| gJwU§Ÿ=ŸJwU g{hV Egmo à{VnmXZ H$ao h|, OmHo$ àdV©H$ Jm¡V_ F${f h|, Egmo Ý`m`_V; VWm
nydp© ñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿnyd_© | H$m`ªŸ=ŸH$m`© ""OJV_| gmVhr nXmW© h|'' Egmo Omo à{VnmXZ H$a| h|, OmHo$ àdV©H$ H$UmX _w{Z
dm{XZ…Ÿ=ŸdmX H$[adodmao ñdVÝÌ§Ÿ=ŸñdVÝÌ MŸ=ŸAmoa h|, Egmo d¡eo{fH$_Vhþ `m_| Am` J`mo. Amoa H$_©_mJ©dmao _r_m§gH$ Ego H$ho h|
Ana§Ÿ=ŸXygamo B{VŸ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ Omo ò OJV² Oogmo XrIo ho Vogmohr OJV² gd©Xmgy§hr Më`mohr Amdo ho. `mH$mo H$moC
~hþYmŸ=Ÿ~hmoV àH$magy§ Z EH$YmŸ=ŸEH$ àH$magy§ Zht H$Vm© Zmht ho. _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy§ ~m¡Õ, Amh©V, bmoH$m`{VH$ à^¥{V
ZmpñVH$_V VWm dm_, emŠVm{X _Vhþ Am` Jò. Eg| AZoH$ àH$magy§ H$hV
_m{`H§$Ÿ=Ÿ_m{`H$ OJw:Ÿ=ŸH$ho h|
h|Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : Aja~«÷Ho$ CZ XmoZm| ê$nZ²_|gy§ nhbo OJX²ê$n ~«÷Ho$ {df`_| dmXr

naÝVw ò _V doXgy§ {^ÝZ h|. Vmgy§ Ego doX_Vgy§ {^ÝZ _VH$mo {Zê$nU Omo
AZoH$ àH$magm| H$ho h|. {H$VZohr `m OJV²Hw§$ _m`mgm| XrIVmo H$ho h|. {H$VZohr
H$ao h| {VZH$mo IÊS>Z Vmo doXHo$ ~bgy§hr hmo` Om` ho. Vmgy§ OwXmo IÊS>Z H$[adoH$mo
{ÌJwUmË_H$ AWm©V² gÎd-aOg²-V_g² BZ VrZ JwUZ²gy§ ~Ý`mo ho Ego H$ho h|. Amoa
à`moOZ Zmht ho Ego A{^àm`gy§ doXHo$ {gÕmÝVê$n ñd{gÕmÝVH$mo {Zê$nU
H$moC H$ho h| Ho$ ò OJV² B©ídaZo na_mUwgy§ ~Zm`mo ho AWm©V² B©ídaH$mo H$m`© ho.
H$aVŸh|Ÿ:
{H$VZohr H$ho h| Ho$ àdmhH$s Vah ò OJV² AZm{XH$mbgy§ ñdVÝÌ hr Më`mo Amdo
ho Ego EH$ àH$magm| Zmht H$ho h|Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
VXo d ¡ V V² - àH$mao U ^dVr{V lw V o a ² _V_² Ÿ &
{dd¥{V : {damoYn[ahmam` ñd{gÕmÝV§ dŠVw§ na_Vm{Z Amhþ: Ana_² B{V. doX_VmX² {Ûê$n§ Mm{n J“mdO² ko ` § gm Obê${nUrŸ&&5Ÿ&&
Ana§Ÿ=Ÿ{^ÝZ§ _V_². nyd©pñ_Z²Ÿ=ŸànÄMê$noU Am{d^y©Vo. VÌŸ=ŸAjao ~«÷{U _mhmËå`g§ ` w V m Z¥ U m§ go d Vm§ ^w p ŠV_w p ŠVXmŸ&
B{V AW©:. _m{`H$_² B{V {h _m`mdm{XZ:. gJwU§Ÿ=ŸJwUH$m`©_² B{V gm’çm:. _`m© X m-_mJ© - {d{YZm VWm ~« ÷ m@{n ~w Õ çVm_² Ÿ &&6Ÿ&&
H$m`ªŸ=ŸX²ìÙwH$m{XH«$_oU B©ídaH$m`©_² B{V Z¡`m{`H$m:. ñdVÝÌ§Ÿ=Ÿ""Z H$Xm{MX²
183 184
VX²Ÿ=Ÿdmo EdŸ=Ÿhr (ŸEH$mŸ=ŸEH$Ÿ) gmŸ=Ÿdmo gmohr Aja~«÷ `m OJV²Ho$ ê$ngy§ hmo` ho. Oog| J“mOrHo$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Amoa
EVËàH$maoUŸ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ Obê${nUrŸ=ŸObê$ndmar AmÜ`mpË_H$ Xmo` ê$n h|. Vm_| Omo d¥{ï>gy§ ~‹T>o ho Amoa Yyngy§ KQ>o ho gmo Obê$n
^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho (ŸAnamŸ=ŸXygarŸ) J“mOrH$mo Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ê$n ho. Amoa Omo VrW©ê$n ho, OmHo$ _hmËå`H$mo {Zê$nU
emó H$ao ho, gmo J“mOrH$mo AmÜ`mpË_H$ ê$n ho, Omo _`m©Xm_mJ©Ho$ {d{Ygy§ godZ
B{VŸ=ŸEgmo lwVo:Ÿ=ŸdoXH$mo _mhmËå`g§`wVmŸ=Ÿ_mhmËå`gy§ g§`wŠV
H$[adodmaoZ²H$m| ^moJ Amoa _moj XoV ho. BVZo J“mOrH$mo VrW©ê$n Omo AmÜ`mpË_H$
_V§Ÿ=Ÿ_V ho MŸ=ŸAmoa _`m©Xm_mJ©{d{YZmŸ=Ÿ_`m©Xm_mJu`{d{Ygy§ ñdê$n ho gmohþ J“màdmh_|hr ahV ho. Vmgy§ àdmh_|V| Ob ^[aHo$ Xygao Xoe_| bo
{Ûê$n§Ÿ=ŸXmo ê$ndmamo godVm§Ÿ=Ÿgoddono Z¥Um§Ÿ=ŸnwéfHw§$ Om§` gmo Ob_| VmaVå` Zmht ho Ob Vmo dmohr ho VWm{n AÝ`Ì dm ObHo$
A{nŸ=Ÿ^r ^wpŠV-_wpŠVXmŸ=Ÿ^moJ-_moj Xo`dodmar ñZmZm{XH$gy§ VrW©ñWmZm{XH$H$mo \$b hmo` Egmo H$moC J«ÝW_| XrIdo_| Zmht Amdo
J“mdV²Ÿ=ŸJ“mOrH$s Vaoh (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) VWmŸ=Ÿdm Vaohgy§ ho. `{X dm Obgy§ VrW©ñZmZm{XH$H$mo \$b hmoVmo hmo` Vmo amOm VWm Amoa Ðì`n{V
ko`§Ÿ=ŸOmZZmo ~«÷ A{nŸ=Ÿ~«÷ hþ ~wÕçVm_²Ÿ=ŸOmZZmo à^¥VrZ²H$m| dhm§ Om`doH$mo à`moOZhr Zmht ahVmo. Vmgy§ àdmh_|hr VrW©ñWmZ\$b
{b»`mo ho. Vmgm| VrW©ê$n J“mOr Obê$ngy§ {^ÝZ h|. Vog| Aja~«÷ OJX²ê$n
ho Amoa OJV²gy§ {^ÝZhþ ho Ego OmZZm|Ÿ&&5-6Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : dmo Aja~«÷ hr `m OJV²àH$magm| hmo` ho ò doXH$mo _V ho. Amoa Xmo`
ê$ndmamo Aja~«÷ hþ J“mH$s Vah OmZZmo. EH$ J“m Obê$n ho; Amoa Xygar
_mhmËå`g§`wŠV VrW©ê$n Omo _`m©Xm_mJ©H$s ar{Vgy§ godZ H$[adodmao _Zwî`Z²Hw§$ ^moJ A~ Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$nH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
Amoa _moj Xododmar ho. Egohr Aja~«÷ hþ Xmo` àH$maH$mo OmZZm|Ÿ&&5-6Ÿ&&
VÌ¡ d Xo d Vm_y { V© a ² ^ŠË`m `m Ñí`Vo Šd{MV² Ÿ &
{dd¥{V : Vm{Z _Vm{Z lw{V~boZ¡d {ZamH¥$Vm{Z gÝVr{V ZmÌ nmW©ŠòZ J“m`m§ M {deo f U àdmhmô X ~w Õ ò Ÿ &&7Ÿ&&
{ZamH$aUr`m{Z, ñd_V{Zê$nUoZ¡d {ZamH$aUgå^dmV² B{V AmeòZ ñd{gÕmÝV_² àË`jm gm Z gd} f m§ àmH$må`§ ñ`mV² V`m Obo Ÿ &
Amh: VXod B{V. ""g h¡VmdmZmg'' ""gdª IpëdX§ ~«÷ VÁObmZ²'' BË`m{Xlw{Vä`: {d{hVmÀM \$bmV² VX² {h àVrË`m{n {d{eî`Vo Ÿ &&8Ÿ&&
VWm B{V AW©:. EH$ñ`¡d Ajañ` CŠV§ {Ûê$nËd§ Ñï>mÝVoZ CnnmX`pÝV {Ûê$n_²
B{V. ànÄMŸ-ŸVpX²^ÝZê$nmä`m§ {Ûê$n§ VX² ~«÷ J“mdO² ko`_². ApñV J“m`m§
VÌŸ=Ÿdhm§, EdŸ=Ÿhr àË`jmŸ=ŸàË`j, ZŸ=ŸZht
{Ìê$nËd_². Am{Y^m¡{VH§$ Obê$n_² EH$_², `X² d¥îQ>çmVnmä`m§ d¥{Õ-õmgm¡ ÔVo
gd© ì `dhma`mo ½ `Ëd§ M. A{J« _ m {ÛVr`m AmÜ`mpË_H$s VrW© ê $nm `… `mŸ=ŸOmo, XodVm_y{V©:Ÿ=ŸXodrñdê$n V`mŸ=ŸdmHo$, OboŸ=ŸOb_|
CÕ¥VObm{deofo@{n _`m©Xm_mJ©gå~ÝYr `mo {d{Y… VoZ VÌ¡d ñZmZ-nyOm{X{^: (ŸgmŸ=ŸdmoŸ) ^ŠË`mŸ=Ÿ^pŠVgy§ àmH$må`§Ÿ=ŸCÎm_ H$m_Zmgy§
\$bXm. Ed_od ànÄM-VpX²^ÝZê$n_{n EH$_od VX² Aja§ ~«÷ B{V VWm J“m`m§Ÿ=ŸJ“m_|, {deofoUŸ=Ÿ{deofgy§ ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmodo VX²Ÿ=Ÿdmo
~wÕçVm_² B{V AW©…Ÿ&&5-6Ÿ&& AôX~w{Õ hmo`dogy§ {hŸ=ŸVmo, {d{hVmV²Ÿ=Ÿemó_| ~Vmò
MŸ=Ÿ^r, Šd{MX²Ÿ=ŸH$^r \$bmV²Ÿ=Ÿ\$bgy§, MŸ=ŸAmoa
Q>rH$m : OmH$mo doX_| à{VnmXZ ho gmohr Aja~«÷ Zm_-ê$nmË_mH$ OJV²Ho$ Ñí`VoŸ=ŸXrIo ho, gmŸ=Ÿdmo àVrË`mŸ=ŸàVr{Vgy§, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
àH$magy§ hmo` ho. AWm©V² ànÄMgy§ {^ÝZ Omo Aja~«÷H$mo ñdê$n D$na H$ømo ho gd}fm§Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²Hw§$ {d{eî`VoŸ=Ÿ{deof hmo` ho
185 186
XodVmê$n J“mOr {^ÝZ h| gmo _y{Îm©ê$n h|. BVZo ^rî_{nVm_hH$s _mVm Omo ^B©
^mdmW© : dm VrW©ê$n Amoa Obê$n J“m_|hr Omo XodVmê$n J“mH$s _y{V© ho hVr Amoa ^JraW amOmH§w$ OmH$mo Xe©Z ^`mo hVmo gmo J“mOrH$s Am{YX¡{dH$ _y{Îm©
dmo J“m, ^pŠVHo$ CËH$f© hmo`dogy§ Amoa {deof H$[aHo$ OmHw§$ àdmh Amoa _y{V© ho. gmo J“mOrH$mo ñdê$n ^pŠVH$[aHo$ J“mÛmaà^¥{V ñWb_| AWdm ^pŠVH$s
_| AôX~w{Õ hmo` dm ^ŠVHw§$hr H$moB© g_` J“m_| XrIo ho. dmo Xod_y{V© AË`{YH$ d¥{Õ hmo` V~ J¥hm{XH$_|hþ XrId|_| AmdV ho. gmo XodVmê$n J“mOr
J“m g~Z²Hw§$ àË`j Zmht XrIo ho. dm J“mgy§hr Ob_| ñZmZ, AmM_Z àdmhgy§ {^ÝZ Zmht h| Egr OmH$s ~w{Õ ho VmH$m| àdmh_|hr XodVmê$n J“mOr
Am{X CÎm_ H$m`© H$aZmo {gÕ hmo` ho. H$maUHo$ dmo Ob, emó_| H$ho \$bHw§$ àË`j hmo` h|. VmH$[aHo$ Ego AôX~w{ÕdmaoH$mo {Z{fÕ Zmht Egmo ~hmoV ì`dhma
Xo`dogy§ Amoa _hmË_mZ²Ho$ {dídmggy§ hþ AÝ` ObH$s Anojm CÎm_ g_Á`mo dm Ob_| hmo` ho. Eg| hr OJV²_|hr ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$n VWm ^JdX²^ŠV_| {deof
Om` hoŸ&&7Ÿ-Ÿ8Ÿ&& ñZoh O~ hmo` V~ ""ò ^JdmZ²gy§ {^ÝZ Zmht h|'' Egr OmH$s ~w{Õ ^B© hmo`
VmHo${bò ^JdmZ² àH$Q> hmo` h|. V~ AnZo BpÀN>V à^wH$mo ò ñWmZ ho Egmo kmZ
hmo` V~ gd©ñWb_| ^JdX²^md ñ\w$am`_mZ hmo` ho. BVZo Vogr ^pŠV H$[aHo$
{dd¥{V : Am{YX¡{dH§$ ê$n_² Amhþ: VÌ¡d B{V. CŠV{Ûê$nm`m§ J“m`m_od XodVmê$nm
J“mOrH$mo Xe©Z ^`mo VmnrN>o- ñdJ© Amoa _moj ê$n \$b emó_| H$ho h| Vmgy§hþ
gm VpX²^ÝZm ApñV B{V AW©:. VÌ _mZ_² Amhþ: _y{V©… B{V. ^ŠË`mEd ZVw
Amoa àVr{V H$[aHo$hþ -àdmhê$nH$mo Xe©Z dmH$m| {deof Om{Zdo_| AmdV ho. Vog|
_`m©Xm_mJ©{d{YZm CnmgZ`m B{V AW©:. VX{n Šd{MXodŸ=Ÿ^ŠË`wÐoH$Xem`m_od.
OJV²_| ^JdmZ²H$mo gmjmËH$ma ^ò nrN>o km{ZH$mo \$b _moj ho. Vmgy§hr (ŸOJV²_|Ÿ)
AWdm `ÌŠd{MX²Ÿ=ŸJ¥hm{Xîd{n B{V AW©:. ^ŠV{deofo {deof_² Amhþ: J“m`m_²
gd©Ì ^JdmZ²H$mo ò A{Yð>mZ ho Egmo kmZ {deof ho Ego Om{Zdo_| AmdV ho. V~
B{V. XodVmê$nm`m§ J“m`m§ ^ŠË`wÐoHo$U Ñí`_mZàdmhmX² A{^ÝZËdoZ `ñ` ~w{Õ…
gd©Ì A{Z{fÕ BÀN>mZwHy$b ì`dhma hmo` hoŸ&&7-8Ÿ&&
Vñ_¡ J“m`m§ àdmh_ÜÈd (ŸXodVmê$nm J“mŸ) àË`jm ^d{V B{V AW©:. EVoZ
ànÄM_ÜÈd ^JdXmH$maŸ-Ÿ^JdX²^ŠV`mo… Xe©Zo ^Jd{V ñZohm{VeòZ VÌ
1
^JdXôX~wÕò VÌ ^JdËàmH$Q²ç§ ^d{V B{V ^md: gyÀ`Vo. A{J«_ì`dñWm_² ObŸ-Ÿ2VrW©Ÿ-Ÿ3Xodrê$nm J“mH$s Zm§B© ~«÷Ho$hþ Am{Y^m¡{VH$, AmÜ`mpË_H$
Amhþ: àmH$må`_² B{V. ñdm^rï>-ñdgd©ñd-ê$nm`m: ñWmZ^yVËdoZ kmZmV² VV² VWm Am{YX¡{dH$ VrZ ê$n h| gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
Obo gd©Ì A{Z{fÕ-`Woï>-ì`dhma: ñ`mX² B{V AW©:. Ed_od CŠVàH$maH$-
^JdX²Xe©Zo gd©Ì VX²^md: ñ\w$a{V B{V ^md:. {d{hVmX² B{V. ^ŠË`m `Wm Ob§ VWm gdª `Wm eŠVm VWm ~¥ h V² Ÿ &
J“mXe©ZmZÝVa§ àdmhê$nm`mA{n Xe©Z§ {d{hVmV² ñdJm©ndJ©ê$nmV² \$bmV² {d{eî`Vo `Wm Xo d r VWm H¥ $ îUg² VÌmßò V X² Bhmo À `Vo Ÿ &&9Ÿ&&
VX² ö{X B{V AW©:. `Ûm òfm§ Z àË`jm Vofm_{n V`m XodVmê$n`m gm VÌ ApñV
B{V VËgå~ÝYmZw^mdoZ¡d VO² Obo àmH$må`§Ÿ=ŸàH¥$ï>H$m_{df`Ëd§ lÕm{deof-
nydH© $-ñZmZm{X-ì`dhmamo ^d{V B{V AW©:. {H$ÄM nwamUm{Xfw VO² ObXe©Zm{X{^: `WmŸ=ŸOogo, Ob§Ÿ=ŸOb (Ÿ~«÷ gd©eŠV§Ÿ=Ÿgd© g_W© Aja~«÷Ÿ)
\$b§ `X² CŠV§ VX² AZw^doZ _hVm_² AÝV:H$aU-àVrË`m{n VO² Ob_² AÝòä`mo VWmŸ=ŸVog|. gdªŸ=Ÿg~ `WmŸ=ŸOogo, XodrŸ=ŸXodr(J“m)
Oboä`mo {d{eî`Vo B{V AW©:. Ed§ òfm§ ö{X ^JdËgm{ZÜ`§ Vo ^ŠVm AÝòä`mo `WmŸ=ŸOogo, eŠVmŸ=ŸepŠV_mZ VWmŸ=ŸVog|, H¥$îU:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU(na~«÷)
{d{eî`ÝVo. AVEd ""_pëb“-_X²^ŠVOZ-Xe©Z-ñne©ZmM©Z_²'' B{V (ŸJ“m n{dÌrH$V¥©Ÿ=ŸnmdZH$mar J“mOrŸ) VÌm{nŸ=Ÿdm_|hþ, BhŸ=Ÿ`hm§
^JdVm CŠV_²Ÿ&&7-8Ÿ&& VWmŸ=ŸVog|, ~¥hV²Ÿ=Ÿ{demb EVX²Ÿ=Ÿò, CÀ`VoŸ=ŸH$hoŸh|
Q>rH$m : D$na J“mOrH$mo Omo Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Amoa AmÜ`mpË_H$ ê$n H$ømo Vm_|hr
187 188
{Ì{dYmZm§ XodVm…Ÿ=ŸCnmñ`m: ~«÷mX`: Ì`: àmoŠVm:Ÿ=ŸVV²-VV² emóo {Zê${nVm:.
OJV² Ÿ Vw {Ì{dY§ àmo Š V§ ~« ÷ -{dîUw - {edmg² VV:Ÿ&& XodVm B{V ór{b“à`moJmV² Vofm_² AñdmV³Í`§ Úmo{VV_²Ÿ) VoZ VX²JwU{Z`m_H$ËdoZ
Xo d Vm-ê$ndV² - àmo Š Vm ~« ÷ UrËW§ h[aa² _V:Ÿ&&10Ÿ&& ~«÷mX`mo ^JdV¡d H¥$Vm B{V AW©:. (ŸVo Vw àmH¥$VmZm_od {Z`m_H$m… ZVw km{ZZm_nr{V
Amhþ: ~«÷UrËW_² B{VŸ) ~«÷¡H$ê$n_² B{V VpÝZð>mZm§ {Z`m_H$mo h[aaodŸ&&9-
10Ÿ&&
OJV²Ÿ=ŸOJV² VwŸ=ŸVmo {Ì{dY§Ÿ=ŸVrZàH$maH$mo
àmoŠV§Ÿ=ŸH$ømo ho àmoŠVm:Ÿ=ŸH$ho h|
Q>rH$m : Oog| J“mOrH$mo àdmhê$n Ob ho Vog| ò g~ OJV² ho. Oog| (Ÿnmn
VV:Ÿ=ŸVmgy§ BËW§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ {_Q>m`do_| VWm \$b Xod_|Ÿ) g_W© VrW©ê$n J“mOr h| Vog| Aja~«÷ ho. Amoa Oog|
~«÷{dîUw{edm:Ÿ=Ÿ~«÷m-{dîUw-{ed ~«÷{UŸ=Ÿ~«÷_| h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU _y{V©dmar J“mOr Xodr h| Vog| lrH¥$îU h|.
XodVmê$ndV²Ÿ=ŸXodVmê$ngm| _V:Ÿ=Ÿ_mZoJò h|
BVZo J“mOrH$mo Xe©Z {OZH$m| ^`mo hmo` {VZH$m| àdm{hV hmoVmo Ob hr
^mdmW© : Vmgy§ Oog| g‘>moMŸ-Ÿ{dH$mgr J“mH$mo Ob ho Vog|hr `h OJX²ê$n ~«÷ J“mOrH$mo ñWmZ ho Egmo kmZ hmo` ho Vmgy§ A{Z{fÕ BÀN>mZwgma ì`dhma hmo` ho.
hþ Am{d^m©dŸ-Ÿ{Vamo^md Y_©dmamo ho. Amoa Oog| n{dÌ H$[adodmar gm_Ï`©ê$n J“m Amoa VrW©Ho$ Xe©Z_| AÝ`gy§ A{YH$nZoH$mo kmZhþ hmoV ho. Vog|B© ^JdËñdê$n VWm
ho Vog| gd©epŠV_mZ² Aja~«÷ ho. VWm Oog| Am{YX¡{dH$ Xodrê$n J“m ho dog|hr Jwê$ à^¥{V H$[aHo$ {OZH$m| OJV²_| ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©Z ^ò h| {VZH$m| g~ OJV²_|
na~«÷ lrH¥$îU hþ Am{YX¡{dH$ ñdê$n h|. Vm_|hþ `hm§ BVZmo Amoa H$ømo Om` ho àm{U_mÌ_| ^JdX²^mdH$s ñ\y${V© hmo` ho. Amoa Aja~«÷_| kmZrZ²Ho$ _mojgy§hþ
(Ÿ`m J“mOrHo$ Ñï>mÝVgy§ ò g_PZmo Ho$ J“mHo$ Ob_| Amoa lrJ“mOr_| `Ú{n ôX A{YH$ ^JdX²^mdnZoH$mo kmZ hmo` ò \$b hmo` ho. Amoa {OZH$mo J“mOrH$mo Xe©Z
Zmht ho VWm{n dm Ob_| `{X VrW©~w{Õ Z hmo` Vmo ñZmZm{X H$[ado_|hþ \$b Zmht Zmht ^`mo ho n[a Amn lÕmdmao h| do Ob_| lÕmg{hV ñZmZm{Xì`dhma H$ao h|
hmoV ho. Vog| OJV²_| Amoa ~«÷_| `Ú{n ôX Zmht ho VmoC OJV²_| OmH$s ~«÷~w{Õ Amoa VrW©H$[aHo$ Ob_| AÝ`gy§ A{YH$VmH$mo kmZê$n \$b H«$_gy§ hmo` ho. `m hr
Zmht ho Egmo Omo `mH$s CnmgZm H$ao Vmo ~«÷monmgZmH$mo \$b hmoV Zmht. Vmgy§ Omo àH$magm| OJV²_| ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©Z {OZH$m| Zmht ^ò h| Amoa Amn lÕmdmao h|
bmoJ H$ho h| Ho$ Omo ""OJV² ~«÷hr hmo` Vmo h_ AnZr órgy§ ñZoh H$ao h| dmH$mo {VZH$m| ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$nm{XH$Z²_| lÕmnyd©H$ godm{Xì`dhma hmo` h|. Amoa kmZrZ²Ho$
\$bhþ ~«÷monmgZmHo$ \$bHo$ Oogmo {_bZmo M{hò'' ò e‘>m Xya ^B©Ÿ) OJV² Vmo _mojgy§ A{YH$nZogy§ Aja~«÷_| ^JdmZ²Ho$ Ym_nZoH$mo namoj kmZ hmo` ho. Vm_|
gËdm{X JwUZ²Ho$ ôXgy§ VrZ àH$maH$mo ho, Vmgy§ dm OJV²Ho$ A{Yð>mVm ~«÷m, {dîUw Am{YX¡{dH$Ho$ Ñï>mÝVHo$ {dMma_|hþ `m {gÕmÝV_| `h H$ømo Om` ho Omo OJV² Vmo
Amoa {ed bmoH$_| Cnmñ` XodVm H$ho h|. Amoa Aja~«÷_| lrH¥$îUhr goì` XodVm {ÌJwUmË_H$ H$ømo ho. Š`m| Omo VrZ ñd^mddmamo àH$Q> ^`mo ho. Vmgy§, Aja~«÷Ho$
_mZo h|. AWm©V² ~«÷kmZr _wŠV OrdHw§$ Ôdo bm`H$ Vmo lrH¥$îU h|Ÿ&&9-10Ÿ&& A§eê$n ~«÷m, {dîUw Amoa {ed ò VrZm| VrZ JwUHo$ {Z`m_H$ ^JdmZ²Zo {H$ò h|.
gmo Hy$_©nwamUm{XH$Z²_| Am{YX¡{dH$nZogy§ H$ho h|. naÝVw ^JdmZ²Zohr Am{YX¡{dH$
{dd¥{V : (ŸEd§ 1Ñï>mÝV-Xmï>m©pÝVH$`mo: gmYå`ª {Zê$ß` CŠV_² AWª ñnï>`pÝV Oogo {H$ò h| Vmgy§ ^JdmZ² EH$hr {Z`m_H$ h|. {ÌJwUmË_H$ OJV²Ho$ {Z`m_H$ Oog|
`Wm Ob_² BË`m{XZm. VÌm{n B{V gmYå`}{n. EVX² B{V {H$pÄMÎmmaVå`_². {ÌJwUm{^_mZr ~«÷m{XH$ VrZm|Z²Hw§$ ^JdmZ²Zo {H$ò h| Vog| Aja~«÷_| {Z`m_H$
BhŸ=ŸànÄMê$no Ñï>mÝVo, {Ì{dYËdm^mdmX² AV CÀ`Vo.Ÿ) OJÎmw B{V {Ì{dY§ ^JdmZ² hr h| Eg| `wpŠV H$[aHo$ {ZíM` {H$`mo hoŸ&&9-10Ÿ&&
{ÌJwUmË_H§$ {Ìñd^mdËdoZ àH$Q>§, (ŸVweãXoZ Obo VWmËd§ ì`md{V©V_².
VV…Ÿ=ŸVñ_mÕoVmo: OJ{V B{V dm, ê$ndX²`Wm OJVmo ê$n§ {Ì{dY§ VWm VÌË` {deofŸ: 1.ŸJ“mOrHo$ Ñï>mÝVgy§ Egmo {gÕ ^`mo Omo VrW©ê$nH$s CnmgZmgy§ Omo
189 190
\$b hmo` ho gmo Obê$nH$s CnmgZmgy§ Zmht hmo` ho Vog| Aja~«÷H$s CnmgZmgy§ Xwb©^§ Hw$VñVam§ ÔZ_² B{V ^md:. ""^ŠË`m `m Ñí`Vo Šd{MX²'' B{V nyd©_²
Omo \$b hmo` ho gmo OJV²H$s CnmgZmgy§ hmoV Zmht. CŠVËdmV² ""^ŠË`mh_oH$`m J«mø'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&14Ÿ&21Ÿ) B{V
à^wdMZmV² MŸ).
J“mOrHo$ Ñï>mÝVgy§ Egmo {gÕ ^`mo Omo Obê$n VWm VrW©ê$n H$mo _mÌ
{Z`m_H$nZmo Oog| Xodrê$n J“mOrHw§$ ho naÝVw ^ŠVZ²H$m| AmnV| \$b XodonZmo Zmht Q>rH$m : {OVZo Ord h| {VZ_ogy§ Om OrdH$mo Om àH$magy§ CÕma H$[adoH$s à^yZ²H$s
ho Vog|hr lrH¥$îUgy§hþ ^`mo. V~ {dZH$s godmH$mo CnXoe Š`m| H$amo hmoŸ? Ego BÀN>m hmo` ho dm àH$maHo$ Jwê$Z²Ho$ CnXoem{XH$Z²gy§ A{dÚmê$n Cnm{YH$mo Zme
H$mhþH$mo e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: hmo` V~ Zm_-ê$n g{hV (ŸOS>-OrdmË_H$Ÿ) g~ OJV² Aja~«÷ê$n ho Egmo
kmZ hmo` ho. V~ J“mOrHo$ Vrano a{hdodmamo J“mOrH$mo ^ŠV ^pŠVH$s A{YH$Vmgy§
H$m_MmañVw bmo H o $ @pñ_Z² ~« ÷ m{Xä`mo Z Mm@Ý`WmŸ&& Oog| J“màdmh_|hr _y{V©ê$n J“mOrH$mo Xe©Z H$ao ho Vog| OJV² VWm AnZo
na_mZÝXê$no Vw H¥ $ îUo ñdmË_{Z {ZíM`:Ÿ&&11Ÿ&& AmË_mHw§$ Aja~«÷mË_H$ Om{Zdodmamo kmZr AnZo_| na~«÷ê$n lrH¥$îUHw§$ XoIo ho.
Š`m| Omo Aja~«÷ ho gmo nwê$fmoÎm_H$mo {ZdmgñWmZ ho Vmgy§ {ZdmgñWmZê$n
Aja~«÷Ho$ kmZgy§ Vm_| a{hdodmao nwéfmoÎm_H$mo Xe©Z ghO_| hmo` hoŸ&&13Ÿ&&
Apñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿ`m, bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_| ñdmË_{ZŸ=ŸAmË_mHo$ {df`_|
H$m_Mma:Ÿ=Ÿ^moJ, VwŸ=ŸVmo VwŸ=ŸVmo, na_mÝXê$noŸ=Ÿna_mZÝX
Omo godmH$mo ÑT> AmJ«hr Z hmo` Amoa bm¡{H$H$ B©ÀN>mdmamo hmo` dmHw§$ H$hm
~«÷m{Xä`:Ÿ=Ÿ~«÷m Am{XZ²gy§ H¥$îUoŸ=ŸH¥$îU_| \$b hmo` gmo {bIo h|Ÿ:
(Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ)ŸMŸ=ŸnaÝVw {ZíM`:Ÿ=Ÿ{ZpíMV
AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa H$moB© àH$magy§, ZŸ=ŸZht (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmodo hoŸ) g§ g mar `ñVw ÔVo g Xy a ñWmo `Wm VWmŸ&&14Ÿ&&
Ano { jV-ObmXrZm_² A^mdV² VÌ Xw : I^mH² $ Ÿ&&
AVñVw ~«÷dmXoZ H¥$îUo ~w{Õa² {dYr`Vm_²Ÿ&
`WmŸ=ŸOogo VWmŸ=ŸVog|, `:Ÿ=ŸOmo
~«÷Y_m©: B{V ~moYZmWª M. Cnm{YZmeo B{V. Vofm§ _Üò `§ Ord§ òZ àH$maoU XyañW:Ÿ=ŸXya aømo ^`mo g§gmarŸ=Ÿg§gma_| aømo ^`mo
à^w… CX²{XYrfw©… ^d{V VËàH$maH$Ÿ-ŸJwê$nXoem{X{^… A{dÚmbjUmonmYo…
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~«÷mË_H$Ëdmd~moYZ-à{V~ÝYH$ñ` A{dÚmË_H$ñ` Zmeo ~«÷mË_H$Ëdmd~moYZ-
bjUo {dkmZo AZw^do gånÝZo nwéfmoÎm_m{d^m©d-`mo½`Vm OmVo B{V Vpñ_Z² OmVo Am{XH$Ho$
ñdmË_{Z V§ àH$f}U ní`{V B{V AW©:. Vñ` gd©ñdê$nmo h[aaodo{V Z VX{V[aŠV_² A^mdmV²Ÿ=ŸA^mdgy§ ÔVoŸ=ŸÔo ho, g:Ÿ=Ÿdmo
AnojVo. ÔZmon`mo½`Wm©nojm`m_{n à^wU¡d gdª gånÚVo{V Z H$Xm{MV² Xw:Ir VÌŸ=Ÿdhm§ (ŸXe©Zm^mdmVŸ=ŸXe©ZHo$ŸA^md_|Ÿ)
^d{V. EVO² kmnZmWª Ñï>mÝV:. (ŸJ“mVrapñWVmo B{V. `ÛX² `Wm J“mVrapñWV… Xw:I^mH²$Ÿ=ŸXw…IH$mo ^mJr Xw:I^mH²$Ÿ=ŸXw…IH$mo ^mJr
VÌ àdmh_Üò XodVm_² Am{YX¡{dH$s¨ Vm§ ní`{V, VWm kmZr ñdpñ_Z² AmË_{Z na§ (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhm` hoŸ) (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ)
~«÷ H¥$îU§ ní`{V, na§ ^ŠË`m B{V {deof: C^`Ì kmVì`:. VX^mdoVw Xe©Z_{n
191 192
Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgy§
^mdmW© : Oog| J“mgm| Xya pñWV _Zwî`, BpÀN>V Ob Amoa Xe©Z Ho$ Z hmo`dogm| lrH¥$îU_mJ©ñW:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ _mJ©_| aømo ^`mo
dhm§ Xw:Ir hmo` ho, Vog|hr Omo AhÝVm-__Vm_| ~§Ü`mo Ord H¥$îUH$mohþ ÔZ H$ao gd©bmoH$V:Ÿ=Ÿg^r bmoH$g§y
Vmo dmo ^JdX²Xe©Z Z hmo`dogm| Ho$db Xw:Ir hmo` ho. {d_wŠV:Ÿ=Ÿ{deof H$[aHo$ _wŠV hmo` (ŸgZ²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$Ÿ)
AmË_mZÝXg_wÐñW§Ÿ=ŸAmË_mZÝXê${n g_wÐ_| aho ^ò
{dd¥{V : (ŸZZw CŠV-àH$maH$-kmZm^mdo@{n bmoHo$ ÔZ§ Ñí`Vo VV² H$W_²Ÿ? H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$mo EdŸ=Ÿhr
B{V Anojm`m_² Amhþ: g§gmar B{V.Ÿ) `ñVw ànÄMmgŠVmo Jwê$nXoe_mÌoU ÔVo,
{d{MÝVòV²Ÿ=Ÿ{deofê$ngm| {MÝVZ H$ao.
g§gma-{Zd¥{Îm-hoVËw d§ kmËdm ÔVo, ZVw ~«÷^mdgånÎ`m, nwê$fmoÎm_m{d^m©dm^mdmV²,
gVw J“mVmo XyañWmo `Wm Vm§ ÔVo, VÌ Ano{jV-VÁObmàmßË`m Xw:Ir ^d{V,
VWm A`§ ^pŠV_mJ©ñWB{V gmjmV²-ñdê$n-gå~³Ü`Wm©nj o m`m§ VXàmßË`m Šboe^mJ² ^mdmW© : Vmgm| lr^JdÝ_mJ©_| a{hdodmamo nwéf Vmo AhÝVm-__Vmê$n g§gmagy§
^d{V B{V AW©:. VWm{n Z g ÔZ§ ËÒ{V, A“rH$mamËà^mo:. AZ“rH$maoVw AbJ ahVmo, {ZO AmZÝXg_wÐ_| {dhma H$aVo lrH¥$îUH$mohr ñ_aU H$ao. AWm©V²
_Üò ÔZà{V~ÝYo@{n H¥$V-ÔZ-d¡`Ï`m©gå^dmV² OÝ_mÝVao VV² \${bî`{V bm¡{H$H$ BÀN>mZ²H$mo n[aË`mJ H$aHo$ Ho$db à^wgodm H$ao.
B{V ko`_.
{dd¥{V : (ŸVoZ àdmh^pŠV_mJu`… A`§ {Zê${nV:, AÝ`Wm _Üò AZ“rH$ma:
Q>rH$m : "g§gmar' BVZo OmH$s AhÝVm-__Vm Ny>Q>r Zmht ho Egmo `{X à^wH$mo VoZ ÔZ-à{V~ÝYm{XH§$ Z ñ`mV². ZZw nw{ï>_mJª n[aË`Á` qH$ VËH$WZoZ B{V
ÔZ H$ao ho, gmo Oog| J“mOrV| Xya aømo hmo` VmHw§$ BpÀN>V Ob à^¥{VH$mo A^md AmeL²Š` Amhþ: Vñ_mX² B{V. `ñ_mV² àdmhñW^ŠVo@{n Ed_² A“rH$ma: à^mo:
hmo` Vmgy§ Xw:Ihr ^wJVo ho Vog| Amn (Ÿg§gman{VVŸ) ^pŠV_mJ©_| aømo hmo` VmHw§$ `V² OÝ_mÝVao@{n V§ Z ËÒ{V. Vñ_mX² hoVmo: lrH¥$îU_mJ©ñW: nw{ï>_mJ©ñW…
gmjmV² ñdê$ngå~ÝYr AW©H$s Anojm hmo` Amoa {_bo Zmht V~ Šboe ^wJVo ho. gd©bmoH$Vmo@{n _wŠVmo {^ÝZmo {d{eï>: M B{V AW©:. "gd©'nXmV² km{ZV:,
VWm{n `{X dmH$s godmH$mo à^yZ²Z| A“rH$ma {H$`mo hmo` Vmo dmo ÔZHw§$ N>moS>o Zmht àmdm{hH$^ŠVV: H¡$_w{VH$Ý`mòZ gmYmaUbmoH$V: M B{V ko`_². km{ZZ:
ho Amoa H$mbmÝVa_| à^w dmH$s g§gmamgpŠV Nw>S>m` Xodo h|. Amoa `{X à^yZ²Z| dmH$s g§gmam^mdmV² g§gm[aUmo kmZm^mdoZ Xw:I^mŠËd_². nw{ï>_mJ©ñ` Bd à^wñdê$n§
godmH$mo A“rH$ma {H$`mo Z hmo` Vmo ~rM_| à{V~ÝY hmo`. Vmohþ Omo ÔZ {H$`mo kmËdm gd©ñd{ZdoXZnyd©H§$ gdm©Ë_^mdoZ ÔZ§ ñdßZo{n Xwb©^_². nw{ï>_mJu`ñ`
ho gmo Vmo H$~hþ ì`W© hmo` Zmht. Vmgy§ OÝ_mÝVa_| \$b hmo` hoŸ&&14Ÿ&& àädZwJ«h¡H$Ÿ-Ÿ{Z`å`ËdmV² gd©V: CnnÚV B{V VVmo d¡{eîQ>ç_². EVmdV² gdª
lrH¥$îU_mJ©ñW: nXoZ Úmo{VV_². AV: gd©_² AdXmV_². ZZw {dÎmmÚ^mdo
nw{ï>_mJu`ñ`m{n ÔZmgå^do Xw:{IËdmV² H$W_² CŠVd¡{eîQ>ç_²Ÿ? B{V Anojm`m_²
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193 194
Cna H$ømo ho. Vmgy§ lrH¥$îUH$mo _mJ© Omo nw{ï>_mJ© ho Vm_| Omo aømo ho Amoa B{V. "bmoH$'nXoZ bm¡{H$H$… AW©: CÀ`Vo, VXWu MoV² H¥$îU§ ÔoV² VXm ì`mnmadX²
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ho Omo nw{ï>_mJu` ^ŠVZ²H$m| {Zad{Y AmZÝX Ohm§ àH$Q> hmo` Vhm§ {dhma nabmoH$mo{n Zí`{V, {Z{fÕmMaUm{X{V gd©Wm B{V CŠV_². `ñ` ñdën_{n
H$[adodmaoH$mo {MÝVZ H$aZmo. BVZo d«O^ŠVZ²_| {dhma H$[adodmao lrH¥$îUH$mo kmZ_² g Z Ed§ H$amo{V, gd©Wm VX² a{hV: H$píMX² Ed§ Hw$`m©X{nŸ! B{V MoX² B{V
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lrH¥$îU_|{h bJoŸ&&15Ÿ&& bmoH$m{W©Ëdm^mdo{n VX² a{hVñ` ÔZmgå^dmV² H$mo {deofŸ? BË`V Amhþ:
pŠbï>mo{n B{V. bm¡{H$H$mWm©^mdoZ pŠbï>mo{n JrVm`m§ Zd_o AÜ`mò ""nÌ§ nwîn§
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gd©Wm B{V {Zê${nV_². MoX² B{V VWm ÔZ_² AeŠ`_² B{V kmnZm`Ÿ)Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&
bmoH$mWu MoX² ÔoV² H¥$îU§ pŠbï>mo ^d{V gd©WmŸ&&16Ÿ&&
pŠbï> m o @ {n Mo X ² Ôo V ² H¥ $ îU§ bmo H $mo Zí`{V gd© W mŸ&& Q>rH$m : bm¡{H$H$ AW©H$s BÀN>m am{IHo$ Omo ^JdX²ÔZ_| àd¥Îm hmo` ho gmo
gd©Wm Šboe nmdo ho. BVZo H$Nw> bm^Ho${bò nyOm{XH$_| àd¥Îm hmo` gmo Vmo
(Ÿ`:Ÿ=ŸOmoŸ) bmoH$mWuŸ=ŸbmoH$mWu pŠbï>:Ÿ=ŸŠboedmamo "nmIÊS>r' Amoa "XodbH$' H$ømo Om` ho. Vmgy§ bm^-nyOmW©`ËZ {gdm` Om_|
(ŸgZ²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$Ÿ)ŸMoV²Ÿ=ŸOmo A{nŸ=Ÿ^r (ŸOZ:Ÿ=ŸbmoJŸ) {ZfoY Zmht ho Egr arVgy§ ""_oamo bm¡{H$H$ {gÕ hmo`'' Egr BÀN>mgy§ Omo ÔZ_|
H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$mo, ÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔo MoV²Ÿ=ŸOmo, H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHw§$ àd¥Îm ^`mo hmo` gmo "bmoH$mWu' H$ømo Om` ho. gmo lrH¥$îUH$mo ÔZ H$ao V~
dmHo$Cna à^yZ²H$m| AZwJ«h hmo`. Vmgy§ bm¡{H$H$_|Vo AmgpŠV Nw>S>m`doHo${bò à^w
(ŸV{h©Ÿ=ŸVmo, g:Ÿ=ŸdmoŸ) ÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔo(ŸVñ`Ÿ=ŸdmH$moŸ)
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gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ Vaohgy§ bmoH$:Ÿ=ŸbmoH$, gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ Vaohgy§ ^`mohþ lrH¥$îUHw§$ Omo ÔVmo aho ho VmH$mo ^rVa VWm ~m{ha H$mo bm¡{H$H$ AmJ«h
pŠbï>:Ÿ=ŸŠboedmamo,Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho Zí`{VŸ=ŸZï> hmodo ho Zï> hmo`ŸOm` ho.
^mdmW© : Omo nwéf bm¡{H$H$ H$m_ZmZ²Ho$ à`moOZgy§ H$Xm{MV² lrH¥$îUH$s godm g§gmar Omo Ôo ho VmH$s ì`dñWm àW_ {bIr ho. Vm_| VrZ ôX h|. àW_
H$ao Vmo dmo g~ Vahgy§ Šboe nmdo ho. Amoa Šboe ghZ H$aVmohþ nwéf `{X Vmo g§gmaH$s {Zd¥{ÎmH$s BÀN>mdmamo, Xygamo bm¡{H$H$ BÀN>m`wŠV n[a godmH$mo
^JdX²ÔZ H$ao Om` Vmo dmH$mo g~ Vaohgm| AhÝVmŸ-Ÿ__Vmê$n g§gma Xya hmo` AmJ«hr; Amoa Vrgamo godmH$mo AZmJ«hr Ego VrZHo$ \$b `hm§ Vm§B© H$hoŸ&&16Ÿ&&
hoŸ&&16Ÿ&&
AnZmo ñdê$n VWm ^JdmZ²H$mo ñdê$n Zmht Om{Zdodmao ^ŠVhþ nw{ï> Amoa
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ZZw H$píMV² Or{dH$mÚW©_{n ÔVo Vñ` H$m J{V…Ÿ? BË`V Amhþ: bmoH$mWu H$hV h|Ÿ:
195 196
nw{ï>_mJuò {deof_² Amhþ: AZwJ«h: B{V. Vñ` pñWVm¡ Z Xoe{Z`_:, {H$ÝVw à^w…
kmZm@^mdo nw { ï>_mJu {Vð>o V ² ny O mo Ë gdm{Xfw Ÿ &&17Ÿ&& AZwJ¥ø `Ì¡d `Wm ñWmn`{V VÌ¡d {Vð>{V VWm. Vñ` {d{Y… Z {Z`m_H$: B{V
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AZw J « h : nw { ï>_mJ} {Z`m_H$ B{V pñW{V:Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : AnZo ñdê$nH$mo VWm ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$nH$mo kmZ Z hmo` Vmohþ nw{ï>_mJu`
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kmZm^mdoŸ=ŸkmZHo$ A^md_| lr^mJdVVËna:Ÿ=Ÿlr^mJdVnamÙ ""_oamo ñ_aU H$ao, g~ H$m`© _oao{bò H$ao, _oar A_¥Vê$n H$Wm_| lÕm amIo''
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(ŸgZ²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$Ÿ) {Vð>oV²Ÿ=Ÿaho nw{ï>_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©_| J“mOr_| lr^mJdV_| VËna hmo`Ho$ aho. BVZo Ohm§ nar{jVHw§$ VWm {dXwaOrHw§$
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Amoa nd©Z² _| AZoH$ CËgd Ohm§ hmoVo hm|` dhm§ aho. Amoa _`m©Xm_mJu` ^ŠV Vmo
C^`mo ñ Vw H« $ _o U ¡ d ny d m} Š V¡ d \${bî`{VŸ&
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AZwJ«hhr ñWmZ Am{XH$mo {Z`_ H$[adodmamo ho `h ^JdÝ_mJ©H$s _`m©Xm ho. kmZm{YH$mo ^pŠV_mJ© Ed§ Vñ_mZ² {Zê${nV:Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&
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{Û{dY:. C^`mo… {MÎmMmÄMë`m^mdm` Amhþ: kmZm^mdo B{V. VwŸ=ŸVmo, H«$_oUŸ=ŸH«$_gy§, EdŸ=Ÿhr kmZm{YH$:Ÿ=ŸkmZgy§ A{YH$ ho
nydm}ŠVmŸ=Ÿn{hbo H$hr^`r Vñ_mV²Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§, Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§
(Ÿnw{ï>_mJu nyOmoËgdm{Xfw {Vð>oV², nw{ï>Ÿ-Ÿnw{ï>_mJ} "nyOm'nX§ Vñ` kmZm^mdmV² EdŸ=Ÿhr, \${bî`{VŸ=Ÿ\${bV hmo`Jr {Zê${nV:Ÿ=Ÿ{Zê$nU {H$`m
àW_àd¥Î`{^àmòU CŠV_². _Zg… VpÝZð>Vm`m§ H¥${V… AWm©Xod {gÜ`Vr{V ""VV²
Hw$`m©X²'' B{V AZwŠËdm ""VÌ {Vð>oX²'' B{V CŠV_². _`m©Xm`m§ àH$mamÝVa_² Amhþ: ^mdmW© : _`m©Xm_mJu` Amoa nw{ï>_mJu` ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ H«$_gy§ nyd©_| H$hr _mZgr
_`m©XmñW B{V. J“m`m§ J“mg_rno lr^mJdVVËna… {Vð>oX² B{V nyd}U gå~ÝY:. godmhr àmßV hmo`Jr. ôX BVZmohr ho Ho$ _`m©Xm_mJu`Hw§$ AZwJ«h_mJ©_| Am`dogy§
C^`mo… AÝ`VaY_©ì`md¥Î`Wª Vw eãX:. VÌ ôXH§$ {H$_²Ÿ? B{V AmH$mL²>jm`m§Ÿ) àmßV hmo`Jr. Š`m|{H$ ""Šboemo{YH$Vag² Vofm§'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ12Ÿ&5Ÿ) BË`m{X
197 198
dMZZ²gm| `h {gÕ ho. Amoa AVEd ^pŠV_mJ© kmZ_mJ©gy§ A{YH$ ho Vmgy§ht Egmo "{MX²' B{V CnbjU_². gpÀMXmZÝXmË_H$_² B{V AW©:. Zm_ñdê$nmkmZo VXwnXoï>¥ -
{Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. Jwê$ng{Îm: H$m`m© B{V AmeòZ Amh "_hñVo' BË`m{X. "Vo' ËdËgå~pÝYZ§
"gw_qV' {ZXm}fnyU©JwUËdoZ ^dÝV§ OmZÝV§ ^JdX²^ŠV§ Ôm_ho. g M ñdVoOgm
{dd¥{V : _`m©XmñWmd{n km{Z^ŠVm¡ MoX² AZwJ¥†m{V {deofV:, VXm AmXm¡ namkmZ{ZamgH$: B{V Amh "_h:' B{V. VoOmoê$n_² B{V AW©:. ñdö{X gXm
nw{ï>_mJª àmß` VÝ_mJu`m§ ^pŠV¨ àmßZwV B{V Amhþ: C^`mo… B{V. `{X _`m©Xm`m_od lrH¥$îUàmH$Q²çoZ CËgdmË_H$_² B{V dm. EVoZ km{ZZm§ ^pŠV_mJ©àdoeEd Cn{Xï>mo
A“rH$ma:, VXm C^`mo… _wpŠVaod \${bî`{V B{V Ame`:. Ed§ {Zê$nUo VmËn`©_² ^d{V. Ed_od ""V{ÛîUmo:'' ""V{Ûàmg:'' BË`m{Xlw{Vghò¡… {ZJÚV B{V
Amhþ: kmZm{YH$… B{V. bmoHo$ AYwZm ^ŠVoa{n kmZ§ \$b§, Vñ` _wpŠVaod B{V gwðy>ŠV§ kmZ_mJm©X² A{YH$mo ^pŠV_mJ©: B{VŸ&&17-19Ÿ&&
gd} dXpÝV. VÌ kmZ§ {h ~«÷mË_¡Š`kmZ_². ~«÷ M AjamË_H$_², VXmË_H$ËdoZ
gd©kmZ§ M. EVmdVm{n nwéfmoÎm_gå~ÝYñVw XyaVa:, Vñ` AjamVrVËdmV². AVEd Q>rH$m : _`m©Xm_mJu` kmZr VWm _`m©Xm_mJu` ^ŠV hm|` {dZH$mo nw{ï>_mJ©_|
AOw©ZoZ nwéfmoÎm_mjaÔZ`mo… VmaVå`§ n¥ï>: ñdÔZ Am{YŠ`_² Amh JrVmgw A“rH$ma hmo`Jmo Vmo H«$_gy§ _mZgr godmH$mo \$b {_boJmo Amoa `{X _`m©Xm_|
ÛmXeo@Ü`mò. J“m`m§ M jamja-nwéfmoÎm_-VmaVå`Ñï>mÝV: ñnï>…. Z {h Xodr A“rH$ma hmo`Jmo Vmo gm`wÁ`_wpŠV {_boJr. Eg| ^pŠV_mJ© ho gmo lrnwéfmoÎm_H$s
VrWm©pË_H$m ObmpË_H$m dm, {H$ÝVw ObEd VrWm©Ë_H$Ëd§ OmZZ² kmZr ^d{V. àmpßV H$[adodmamo ho Vmgy§ kmZ_mJ©gy§ CÎm_ ho gmo J“mOrHo$ Ñï>mÝVgy§ {Zê$nU
VXVrV-XodVmË_H$-Xe©Zo ^ŠVËd_². Z {h ^ŠË`m XodVmÐï¥>g_: nydm} ^d{V. {H$`mo ho.
AVEd nwéfmoÎm_§ _m§ OmZZ² _m_od gd©^mdoZ Ô{V B{V ""`mo _m_od_g§_yT>:''
B{V CnH«$å` ""Ô{V _m§ gd©^mdoZ'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ15Ÿ&19Ÿ) B{V à^w… CŠVdmZ². BVZo bmoH$_| {H$VZoH$ H$hV h| Omo ^pŠVgy§ kmZ {_bo Amoa kmZgy§ _wpŠV
AVmo kmZ_mJu`ñ`m{n nwéfmoÎm_{dXmo{n ^pŠV{Zð>¡d \$b_² B{V {H$_² BVmo A{YH§$ {_bo. naÝVw AmË_m VWm Aja~«÷ H$s EH$VmH$mo kmZ VWm g~ OJV² Aja~«÷ê$n
dmÀ`_², AZoH$à_mU{gÕËdmX² B{V {dÛpX²^… ko`_². F$½doXo{n nR>çVo ""V_w ho Ego OmZZmo gmo "kmZ' H$ømo Om` ho. gmo kmZ hmo` Vmohþ lrnwéfmoÎm_H$mo gå~ÝY
ñVmoVma: nyì`ª `Wm{dX F$Vñ` J^ª OZwfm {nnV©Z, Amñ` OmZÝVmo Zm_ Vmo A{VXya aho ho. Š`m| Omo lrnwéfmoÎm_ Vmo AjamVrV ho. Vmgy§{h JrVmOrHo$ ~ma_|
{M{ÛdŠVZ _hñVo {dîUmo gw_qV Ôm_ho'' "ho ñVmoVmamoŸ!' ^JdXwËH$f©dU©Znam: AÜ`m`_| {b»`mo ho Omo AjaH$s CnmgZmdmaoZ²H$m| Šboe A{YH$ hmo` ho; Amoa
"nyì`ª' gd©H$maUH$maUê$n§ V§ bmoH$doXà{gÕ§ nwéfmoÎm_§ ^dÝVmo `WmdX² {dXpÝV ""Omo g~ H$_©Z²H$m| _oao_| An©U H$[aHo$ _oao namÙ hmo`Ho$ _oar CnmgZm H$aV h|
VËñdê$n{_{V VWm^yVm: "F$Vñ`' gyZ¥VdmUrê$nñ` doXñ` J^©ê$n_². ñdmoXañW§ {VZH$mo CÕma _| erK«{h H$ê§$hþ§'' Eg| lrH¥$îUZ| H$ømo ho. Vmgy§ kmZgy§ A{YH$
doX§ {díd{hVmWª ~«÷U: Cn{Xï>dm{Z{V VWm. "OZwfm' ñdOÝ_Z¡d gånyU}Z, ZVw ^pŠV _mJ© hoŸ&&19Ÿ&&
jU`m__mÌoU. "{nnV©Z' ny{V©`wŠV§ gÝVwï>§ Hw$éV. AÌ `Wm{dÎdmoŠË`m nyU©kmZmZm§
XohopÝÐ`-àmUmÝV:H$aU-OrdmZ² VXW©_od VX²ÔZmW©_od Cn`wŠVmZ² Hw$éV B{V
^pŠV_mJ} {d{Z`moJ_² Cn{Xe{V. VoZ ñ\w$Q>_do kmZ_mJm©X² ^pŠV_mJ©ñ` Am{YŠ`_² J“mOrH$mo Ñï>mÝV {X`mo ho VmH$mo Xygamo VmËn`© H$hV h|Ÿ:
AdJå`Vo. ^ŠË`m {dZm Z H$mo{n nwéfmW©: {gÜ`{V B{V öXòZ Amh AJ«o
Xohm{X-gd©-{d{Z`moJmeŠVm¡ Amg_ÝVmO² OmZÝVmo AIÊS>-eãX-~«÷ê$n§, ZVw ^ŠË`^mdo V w VrañWmo `Wm Xw ï >¡ : ñdH$_© { ^:Ÿ&&
bm¡{H$H$eãXê$n_² B{V. Zm_ñdê$n§ OmZÝV… VXod "{ddŠVZ' {deofoU dXÝVw. AÝ`Wm^md_² AmnÝZg² Vñ_mV² ñWmZmÀM Zí`{VŸ&&20Ÿ&&
A{YH$-_mhmËå`mÚkmZo Zm__mÌ_² CV H$sV©`ÝVw. EVoZ¡d ^JdËñdê$n-
VÝ_mhmËå`m{XH§$ kmV§ ^{dî`{V B{V AmeòZ Amh Zm_ñdê$n_² "{MX²'B{V.
`WmŸ=ŸOogo AmnÝZ: gZ²Ÿ=ŸàmßV hmo`Ho$
199 200
VrañW:Ÿ=ŸVrano aømo^`mo Vñ_mV²Ÿ=Ÿdm ñWmZmV²Ÿ=ŸñWmZgy§ Ÿ&&ŸB{V lrdëb^mMm`©{da{MVm {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr gånyUm©Ÿ&&
^ŠË`^mdoŸ=Ÿ^pŠVHo$ A^md_| Zí`{VŸ=ŸZï> hmodo ho
VwŸ=ŸVmo, Xwï>¡:Ÿ=ŸXwï> (ŸVWmŸ=ŸdogŸ| ) Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§, _`mŸ=Ÿ_oao Ûmam JwßV§=JwßVH$mo, {Zê${nV§={Zê$nUŸ{H$`mo
ñdH$_©{^:Ÿ=ŸIwXHo$ H$_©Z²gy§ ^ŠVmo@{nŸ=Ÿ^ŠV hþ ñdemógd©ñd§Ÿ=ŸAnZoŸemóHo$Ÿgd©ñd EVV²Ÿ=Ÿ`mHw$, ~wÜdmŸ=ŸOm{ZHo$
AÝ`Wm^md_²Ÿ=ŸAÝ`Wm^mdHw§$ Zí`{VŸ=ŸZï> hmodo ho nwéf:Ÿ=Ÿnwéf
gg§e`gy§
^mdmW© : Oog| J“mVrano ahVmo nwéf, ^pŠV Z hmo` Vmo AnZo Xwï>H$_©Z²gy§ {d_wÀòV²Ÿ=Ÿ{deofH$[aH|$Ÿ_wŠVŸhmo`Ÿh|
nmIÊS>rnZoHw§$ àmßV hmo`Ho$ Amoa VrW©ê$n ñWmZgy§hþ Zï> hmo` Om` ho Vog| ^ŠVhþ
^pŠVHo$ A^md_| AnZo Xwï>H$_©Z²gy§ dm ñWmZgy§ ^«ï> hmo`Ho$ ZrM `moZrZ²_| OÝ_ bo {dd¥{V : (Ÿgà`moOZ_² CŠV_² Cng§hapÝV Ed_² B{V. CŠVàH$maoU ñdemóê$n§
hoŸ&&20Ÿ&& ñdemóñ` dm {gÕmÝVê$ngd©ñd§ JwßV§ ñdënoZ ~hþ {Zê${nVËdmV² Jå^raVmËn`ª
~{h_w©ImZm_² AkmnZr`§ dm. qH$ VoZŸ? BË`V Amhþ: EVX² B{V. EVÁkmZoZ
{dd¥ { V : J“mÑï>mÝVñ` VmËn`m© Ý Va_² Amhþ : ^ŠË`^mdo B{V. ñd_mJ©gå~pÝYŸ-Ÿgd©g§e`{Zd¥{Îm… ^d{V. AÝ`Wm ""g§e`mË_m {dZí`{V''
^JdËgmpÝZÜ`Xoeo@{n pñWVm¡ ^ŠË`^mdo VWm ^d{V B{V ^md:. EVoZ ^ŠVo… B{V ~w{Õ… AÝ`Wm ^doX² B{V AW©:Ÿ)Ÿ&&20-21Ÿ&&
Amdí`H$Ëd_² CŠV§ ^d{VŸ&&20Ÿ&&
B{V lr{nV¥ n mXmãOŸ-ŸnamJag{gŠVöV² Ÿ &
Q>rH$m : J“mOrHo$ Vra_| aømo hmo` Amoa AnZo Xwï>H$_©Z²H$[aHo$ {dnarV ^mdHw§$ lr{dQ² > R>bñVpËgÕmÝVŸ-ŸdmL² > _mbm§ öXò XYm¡ Ÿ &&1Ÿ&&
àmßV ^`mo hmo` gmo Oog| dm ñWmZgy§ Zï> hmo` ho Vog| ^pŠVH$mo A^md hmo` Vmo
^JdmZ²Ho$ gpÝZYmZdmao Xoe_| ahV hmo`ŸVmohþ AnZo Xwï> H$_©Z²gm| nmfÊS>rnZoHw§$
^mdmW© : `m [a{Vgm| _|Zo AnZo emóH$mo Jmoß` godmê$n {gÕmÝV H$ømo. `mHw§$
àmßV ^`mo hmo` gmo Amê$T>n{VVŸhmo`Ÿho.
Om{ZHo$ nwéf gd©gÝXohZ²gy§ _wŠV hmo` hoŸ&&21Ÿ&&
BVZo Oog| H$moC D§$Mo ñWbn| M{T>Ho$ {Jao ho Vog| ^pŠV_mJ©_| Am`mo hmo`
Q>rH$m : Eg| AnZo emóH$mo gd©ñd Omo JwßV hVmo gmo _oZ| {Zê${nV {H$`mo ho. ò
Amoa ^pŠV Z hmo` Vmo Xwï> H$_©Z²gy§ nmfÊS>r hmo`Ho$ dm _mJ©V| ^«ï> hmo` hoŸ&&20Ÿ&&
Omo {Zê${nV {H$`mo ho VmHw§$ Om{ZHo$ nwéf g~ g§e`Z²gy§ _wŠV hmo`Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&
Eg| ^pŠVH$mo Adí`nZmo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ Cng§hma H$aVŸh|Ÿ:

`m J«ÝW_| BVZmo {gÕ ^`mo Omo VZw{dÎmOm godm{h àW_ gmYZ ho. gmo
`WmW© ~Zo Vmo à^w_| {MÎm brZ hmo` Om` Egr _mZgr {gÕ hmo`. V~
Ed§ ñdemó-gd© ñ d§ _`m Jw ß V§ {Zê${nV_² Ÿ && à^wgå~ÝYr{h g~ H$m_Zm hmo`. Vmgy§ g~ ~«÷mË_H$ ho Ego kmZgy§ ^JdmZ²_|
EVX² ~w Ü dm {d_w À ò V nw é f: gd© - g§ e `mV² Ÿ &&21Ÿ&& ~w{Õ amIZrŸ- ò gmYZH$s àW_ (Ÿ_w»`Ÿ) H$jm ho. `m_| A{YH$ma Z hmo` Vmo
Oo _`m©Xmnwï> h| {VZH$m| Aja~«÷mË_H$ AnZmo ñdê$n ho Amoa Aja~«÷_| lrH¥$îU
201 202
{damµOV h| Egmo kmZ Oog| hmo` Vogmo `ËZ H$aZmoŸ- ò gmYZH$s {ÛVr` (Ÿ_Ü`_Ÿ) && nw{ï>àdmh_`m©XmôX: Ÿ&&
H$jm ho. `m_|hþ OmH$mo A{YH$ma Zmht ho gmo eara, nwÌ, YZm{XH$Z²_| A{^_mZdmamo
(9)
"g§gmar' H$ømo Om` ho. Egmo nwéf godm H$aVmo hmo` Vm_| ^JdmZ²H$mo Cn`moJr
nXmW© {_bo Zmht V~ Xw:I nmdo V~ godmhþ AmN>rarVgy§ Z ~Zo. EgoH$m| g§gma_|V| `m OJV²_| {OVZo Ord h| {VVZo g~ {MX§eê$ngm| VWm ^JdX§enZogm|
AmgpŠV Nw>Q>doHo${bò brbm{d{eï> ^JdmZ²H$mo {MÝVZ H$aZmoŸ- ò gmYZH$s g_mZ h|. {VZ_| {H$VZoH$Z²H$m| lrnwéfmoÎm_H$s àmpßV hmo` ho, {H$VZoH$Z²H$m|
Vrgar (ŸhrZŸ) H$jm ho. Amoa OmH$m| bm¡{H$H$H$s BÀN>m {Zd¥Îm Zmht hmo` gmo Aja~«÷H$s àmpßV hmo` ho, {H$VZoH$Z²H$m| ñdJm©{XH$Z²H$s àmpßV hmo` ho Amoa
VZw{dÎmOm godm H$aVmo hmo` V~ dmH$s narjmHo${bò AWdm àmaãY^moJHo${bò {H$VZoH$Z²H$m| AÝYV_H$s àmpßV hmo` ho. Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` ho Omo Eg| \$b_| ôX
à^w {dbå~ H$ao V~ bm¡{H$H$V| Šboe hmo` Vmohþ ^JdËgodm N>moS>o Zmht Vmo Š`m| hmo` hoŸ? Amoa ñd^md_| ôX Š`m| hoŸ? Amoa {H$VZoH$Z²Ho$ ñd^mdV| {dê$Õ
bm¡{H$H$mgpŠV Ny>Q> Om`. Egmo Omo nw{ï>_mJu` hmo` Vmo lr^mJdVHo$ nmR> Xoh VWm {H«$`m ho Vmo {H$VZoH$Z²Ho$ ñd^mdmZwHy$b Xoh VWm {H«$`m ho BË`m{XH$ ôX
ldUm{XH$_| VËna hmo`Ho$ BÀN>mZwHw$b Xoe_| a{hHo$ nyOmoËgdm{XH$ H$aZmo. Amoa Š`m| hoŸ? Eg| gÝXohdmaoZ²Ho$ gÝXoh {_Q>m`doHo${bò {dZHo$ Cnm`^yV _mJ© VWm
Egmo `{X _`m©Xm_mJu` hmo` Vmo J“mOrHo$ Vra_| a{hHo$ lr^mJdV²H$mo ldU _mJ©Ho$ gm‘>`© H$mo {Zê$nU H$[adoHo${bò, g~Z²H$mo ôX Om{ZdoV| g~ gÝXohZ²H$s
AWdm nmR> dma§dma H$`m} H$a- ò gmYZH$s MmoWr (ŸA{VhrZŸ) H$jm ho. Amoa {Zd¥{Îm hmo`Jr Eog| {dMm[aHo$, VrZ _mJ©Z²Ho$ ôXH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
Omo VZw{dÎmOm godm H$aVmo hmo` Vm_| ^pŠVhþ Z hmo` gmo nm§M_m| Amê$T>n{VV
H$ømo Om` ho. gmo dma§dma OÝ_Hw§$ àmßV hmo`Ho$ g§gmaH$mo A{^{Zdoe {e{Wb nw { ï>-àdmh-_`m© X m {deo f o U n¥ W H² $ -n¥ W H² $ Ÿ&&
hmo` V~ _wŠV hmo`. Amoa `{X g§gmaH$mo AË`ÝV A{^{Zdoe hmo` Vmo _wŠVhþ Z Ord-Xo h -{H« $ `m-ô X ¡ : àdmho U \$bo Z MŸ&&1Ÿ&&
hmo`. Vmgy§ g§gmamdoe N>mo{‹S>Ho$ ^pŠVHo${bò VZw{dÎmOm godm_| `ËZ H$aZm|. dú`m{_ gd© g ÝXo h m Z ^{dî`pÝV `V² lw V o : Ÿ&&
Ÿ&&ŸB{V lrdëb^mMm`©{da{MV {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbrH$s n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$Ÿ=ŸAbJ-AbJ nw{ï>-àdmh-_`m©Xm:Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>,

Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbOr_hmamO {da{MVm {deofoUŸ=Ÿ{dfoeê$ngm| àdmh Amoa _`m©XmŸ(ŸAh§Ÿ=Ÿ_¢Ÿ)
^mdmW©g§jonQ>rH$m gånyU© ^B©Ÿ&& Ord-Xoh-{H«$`m-ôX¡:Ÿ=ŸOrd Xoh dú`m{_Ÿ=ŸH${h aømo hþ§
Amoa {H«$`mHo$ ôXgm| `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo lwVo…Ÿ=Ÿgw{Zdogy§
àdmhoUŸ=Ÿàdmhgm| gd©gÝXohm…Ÿ=Ÿg~ àH$maHo$ gÝXoh
MŸ=ŸAmoa \$boZŸ=Ÿ\$bgm| ZŸ=ŸZmht ^{dî`pÝVŸ=Ÿhm|`Jo
^mdmW©Ÿ-ŸQ>rH$m : nw{ï>, àdmh Amoa _`m©Xm ò VrZm| OwXo Om{Zdo_| Amd| EgoŸ-
1.Ÿ{dZHo$ Y_©H$[aHo$, 2.ŸOrdm{XH$Z²Ho$ ôXZ²gy§ g¥{ï>H$s naånam A{dpÀN>ÝZ Mbr
Amdo ho VmH$[aHo$; Amoa 3.Ÿ{dZH$m| \$b {_bo ho VmH$[aHo$ -H$hÿ§Jmo, OmHo$ ldUV|
g~ gÝXoh Z hm|`Jo. BVZo {dZHo$ Y_©, OrdH$mo ñdê$n, Xoh, {H«$`mHo$ ôX, g¥{ï>
VWm {dZHo$ \$bH$mo kmZ hmo`Jmo V~ g~ gÝXoh {Zd¥Îm hm|`JoŸ&&11/2Ÿ&&
{gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr nw{ï>àdmh_`m©XmôX: Ÿ
203 204
""Ûm¡ ^y V gJm© ' '{dË`w Š Vo : àdmhmo @ {n ì`dpñWV:Ÿ&&
^pŠV_mJ©ñ` H$WZmV² nw{ï>a² AñVr{V {ZíM`:Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& do X ñ` {dÚ_mZËdmV² _`m© X m{n ì`dpñWVmŸ&&3Ÿ&&
^pŠV_mJ©ñ`Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ ApñVŸ=Ÿho B{VŸ=ŸEgmo Ûm¡Ÿ=ŸXmo (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) (ŸqH$MŸ=ŸAmoaŸ)

H$WZmV²Ÿ=ŸH${hdogy§ {ZíM`:Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM` ^yVgJm£Ÿ=ŸOrdg¥{ï> doXñ`Ÿ=ŸdoXHo$
nw{ï>:Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï> (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) B{VŸ=ŸEgmo, CŠVo…Ÿ=ŸH${hdogy§ {dÚ_mZËdmV²Ÿ=Ÿ{dÚ_mZ² hmo`dogy§
àdmh:Ÿ=Ÿàdmh _`m©XmŸ=Ÿ_`m©Xm, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
^mdmW© : emóZ²_| ^pŠV_mJ© OwXmohr H$ømo ho Vmgy§ {ZíM` hmo` ho Ho$ ^JdmZ²H$mo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ ì`dpñWVmŸ=Ÿ{deofê$ngy§ pñWV
AZwJ«h ho. Amoa Vmhrgy§ `hhþ _mbw_ n‹S>o ho Ho$ nw{ï>(ŸAZwJ«hŸ) _mJ©hþ OwXmohr ho. ì`dpñWVpñWV (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
Q>rH$m : `mbmoH$H$s VWm nabmoH$H$s H$m_Zm N>m§{S>Ho$ à^w_| _Z bJmdZm| gmo ^mdmW© : JrVmOr_| lrH¥$îUZo AOw©Zgy§ H$hr ho Ho$ ""`m bmoH$_| X¡d Amoa Amgwa
"^pŠV' H${h Om` ho. gmo ^pŠV à^wZ²Ho$ AZwJ«hgy§ {_bo ho. Vmgy§hr nÄM_ñH$ÝY_| ôXgm| àmUrZ²H$s Xmo VahH$s g¥{ï> h|'' (Ÿ`m dMZ_| Amgwa OrdZ²H$s n¥WH²$ JUZm
F$f^XodOrHo$ M[aÌH$s g_mpßV_| H$ømo ho Omo ""_moj Xo`dodmao ^JdmZ² H$ar hoŸ) Vmgy§ àdmh_mJ©hþ {gÕ ho. Amoa H$_m©{XH$s ì`dñWm H$[adodmamo doX
ÔZ²H$[adodmaoZ²H$m| _wpŠV X|` ho naÝVw H$mhþ g_` ^pŠV`moJ Zmht X|` h|''. Vog| {dÚ_mZ ho Vmgy§ {gÕ ho Ho$ _`m©Xm_mJ©hþ AZm{XH$mbgy§ Më`mo Amdo ho.
lrXodH$sOrZo ñVw{V H$ar V~ à^wZ²Ho$ _mhmËå`H$mo kmZ hVmo Vmgy§ g~ _mhmËå`H$mo
dU©Z {H$`mo Vm nmN>| gwÑT> ñZoh ^`mo V~ _mhmËå`Hw§$ ^y{bH|$ H$ømo Omo
Q>rH$m : X¡d Amoa Amgwa Ego {d^mJgy§ Omo g¥{ï>H$s naånam A{d{N>ÝZ Mbr Amdo
""AmnHo${bò _oar ~w{Õ_| Y¡`© Zmht aho ho, _| H§$ggy§ S>anw§ hþ§''. gmo ò gwÑT>
ho VmH$mo Zm_ "àdmh' ho. BVZo ZXrH$mo àdmh Oog| Amaå^gy§ AÝV Vm§B© Më`mo
ñZohH$mo ñdê$n ho. Vmgy§ à^yZ²H$mo O~ AZwJ«h hmo` V~ Egr ^pŠV {_bo ho. dm
Om` ho Vog| X¡d Amoa Amgwa ò Xmo` àH$maH$s g¥{ï>H$mo àdmh àb` n`©ÝV Më`mo
AZwJ«hH$mo Zm_ "nw{ï>' ho. Oog| H$moD$Zo nmn {H$`mo hmo` VmH$mo {ZdmaU (Ÿàm`píMVŸ)
Om` ho. Zmht Vmo lrH¥$îUZ| XmoD$H$mo {d^mJ {H$`mo ho gmo ì`W© hmo` Om`.
H$ï>gy§ ~Zo Ego hmo` naÝVw VmHo${bò {dÛmZZ²H$s g^m âr hmo` gmo AZwJ«hgy§ gwJ_
JrVmOr_| H$ømo ho Omo ""X¡d Amoa Amgwa Eog| Xmo` àH$maHo$ ^yVgJ© h|''. Vmgy§
àm`píMV H$ho Vmo gwJ_Vmgy§ dmH$mo {ZdmaU hmo` gHo$ ho. Oog| H$_©_mJ©_|hþ
{gÕ hmo` ho Omo àdmhhþ aømo ho. Amoa H$_© VWm kmZm{XH$Z²Ho$ àH$maH$mo Omo {Z`_
AZwJ«hH$s àmW©Zm hmo` ho gmo \$b {gÕ hmo`doHo${bò ho Vog| gwH$a gmYZê$n
ho VmH$mo Zm_ "_`m©Xm' ho. gmo nyd©H$mÊS> VWm CÎmaH$mÊS> ê$n doX OJV_| {dÚ_mZ
^pŠV_mJ©
ho Vmgy§ H$_© VWm kmZm{XH$Z²Ho$ àH$maH$mo {Z`_ aømo ho. Vmgy§ _`m©Xmhþ ahr ho.
lrH¥$îU^JdmZ²Z| CÕdOrà{V H$ømo ho, Vmgy§ VmHo$ _yb^yV nw{ï> ho Egmo
{ZíM` hoŸ&&2Ÿ&&
`hm§ Eg| g_OZmo Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ AZwJ«hà`wŠV ^pŠV_mJ© {OVZo h| {VZ
g~Z²H$mo AÝV^m©d nw{ï>_mJ©_| ho VWm `mbmoH$ VWm nabmoH$ H$s H$m_Zmdmao(Ÿ_mJ©Ÿ)
Eg| nw{ï>H$s {dÚ_mZVmH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ àdmh VWm _`m©Xm H$s Omo g¥{ï>H$s naånamH$m| Zmht Vmo‹S>o h| gmo g~ _mJ© àdmh_| AÝV^y©V h|. Amoa {OVZo
{dÚ_mZVmH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: _mJ© doXH$s _`m©XmH$mo Cëb”Z Zmht H$a| h| {VVZo g~ _mJ© _`m©Xm_| AÝV^y©V
nw{ï>àdmh_`m©XmôX: Ÿ nw{ï>àdmh_`m©XmôX: Ÿ
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h|. BVZo OJV_| {OVZo _mJ© h| {VZ g~Z²H$mo AÝV^m©d (Ÿnw{ï>-_`m©Xm-àdmhŸ) BZ CËH$f©H$WZmV²Ÿ=Ÿloð>Vm H${hdogy§ MŸ=ŸAmoa, `XmŸ=ŸO~
VrZ _mJ©Z²_| hoŸ&&3Ÿ&& nw{ï>:Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï> `ñ`Ÿ=ŸOmHw$, B{VŸ=Ÿ`m
{hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMV hr dMZmV²Ÿ=ŸdMZgy§
A~ nw{ï>_mJ© EH$ {dbjU _mJ© ho Vm_| à_mU ~VmdV h|. VWm (ŸàW_ ApñVŸ=Ÿho, B{VŸ=ŸEgmo ZŸ=ŸZmht, Ah§Ÿ=Ÿ_|
e‘>mŸ) g~ _mJ©_| {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$magy§ ÔZ Vmo aømohr ho, Vmgy§ ÔZH$mo àH$ma {ZíM`:Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM` doX¡:Ÿ=ŸdoXgy§, B{VŸ=Ÿò
{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ho naÝVw _mJ© Vmo g~ ^pŠVHo$hr h| Eg| H$moD$ H$ho Vhm§ (ŸVmH$mo
^ŠV:Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠV, H$píMV²Ÿ=ŸH$moB B©aUmV²Ÿ=ŸH${hdogy§
g_mYmZŸ) H$hV h|.
EdŸ=Ÿhr, gd©:Ÿ=Ÿg~ doXV:ŸdoXgy§(A{n = ^r)
ôXV: = AbJ hmo`Ho$ (ŸpñWV: B{V eof:Ÿ=ŸpñWV ho Egmo Ame`
(ŸXygar e‘>mŸ) D$na H$ho Ego VrZm| _mJ© {dÚ_mZ h| Eg| H${hdogy§hþ VrZm|
hoŸ)
(Ÿnw{ï>-àdmh-_`m©XmŸ) _mJ©Z²H$mo nañna ôX {gÕ Zmht hmo`Jmo. Š`m| Omo ""g~
\$b ^JdmZ²gy§hr hm|` h|'' Eg| ì`mggyÌm{XH$Z²gy§ {gÕ ho. Vmgy§ Xygao XodH$mo
ÔZ H$[adodmao àdmh_mJu`hþ \$bàmpßVHo${bò à^yZ²H$mohr ÔZ H$ao h|. Š`m| ^mdmW© : JrVmOr_| ^JdmZ²Zo ""Omo _oamo ^ŠV ho gmo _moHw§$ {à` ho'' `h H$ømo
Omo ~«÷dmXH$s ar{Vgy§ M¡VÝ`_| ôX Zmht ho Amoa \$b Vmo à^yZ²gy§hr àmßV hmo` ho Vmgy§; Amoa gd©emóZ²_| ^pŠVH$mo CËH$f© H$ømo ho Vmgy§ hþ nw{ï>_mJ© {^ÝZ ho `h
ho; Vmgy§ àmdm{hH$hþ ^ŠV ho Eg| H$hZmo M{hò. Amoa AZwJ«hà`wŠV g~ {gÕ hmo` ho. ""^ŠV H$moB©H$ hr hmo` ho, g~ Zmht hm|` h|'' Vmgy§hþ nw{ï>_mJ©
^pŠV_mJ© nw{ï>_mJ©_| AÝV^y©V h| Eg| Cna H$ømo ho gmo AZwJ«h g~Z²H$m| g_mZ àdmh_mJ©gy§ {^ÝZ ho `h {ZíM` ho. VWm ""O~ ^JdmZ² AZwJ«h H$a| h| V~ ^ŠV
ho; Vmgy§ àdmhgy§ nw{ï>_mJ© {^ÝZ Zmht hmo`Jmo. Amoa _`m©Xm Vmo doXmoŠV {Z`_gy§ bmoH$_mJ© Amoa doX_mJ© _| ~w{Õ Zmht bJmdo ho'' `m ^mJdVHo$ dMZgy§ VWm
ho Vmgy§ _`m©Xm_mJ© nw{ï>_mJ©gy§ Adí` {^ÝZ ho. BVZo _mJ© Xmo h| Eg| H$hZmo M{hò ""_oamo Egmo Xe©Z doXm{Xgm| Zmht hmo` ho'' `m ^JdmZ²Ho$ dMZgy§hþ `h {ZíM`
Egr H$moD$ e‘>m H$ao Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: hmo` ho Ho$ nw{ï>_mJ© _`m©Xm_mJ©gm|hþ {^ÝZV`m pñWV ho, AWm©V² {^ÝZ ho.
H$píMXo d {h ^ŠVmo {h ""`mo _X² ^ ŠV:'' BVraUmV² Ÿ && Q>rH$m : ""gÝVmofdmamo, h_|em à^w_| {MÎm OmZ| Omo‹S>çmo ho, _Z OmHo$ ñdmYrZ
gd© Ì mo Ë H$f© H $WZmV² nw { ï>a² AñVr{V {ZíM`:Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& ho, à^w AnZo ñdm_r h| Egmo OmH$mo ÑT> {ZíM` ho Amoa _oao_| OmZo _Z VWm ~w{Õ
An©U H$a| h| Egmo Omo _oamo ^ŠV ho gmo _moHw§$ {à` ho'' Eg| JrVmOr_| H$ømo ho.
Z gdm} @ V: àdmhm{Õ {^ÝZmo do X mÀM ô X V:Ÿ&&
Vm_| ""Omo _oamo ^ŠV ho'' Eg| H${hdogy§ ^ŠV H$moB© hmoV ho (Ÿg~ ^ŠV Zmht hmoV
""`Xm `ñò ' '{V dMZmV² ""Zmh§ do X ¡ a ² ' 'BVraUmV² Ÿ &&5Ÿ&& h|Ÿ) Eg| OmÝ`mo Om` ho. Omo ~hmoV ^ŠV hm|` Vmo Omo _oamo ^ŠV ho gmo _moHw§$ {à`
ho Ego Zmht H$hVo. Amoa JrVmOr_| Vnñdr, kmZr VWm H$_©_mJuZ²gy§ `moJrHw§$
`moŸ=ŸOmo, _X²Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo Z = Zmht, AV: = `mgy§ A{YH$ {b{IH|$ ""g~ `mo{JZ²_|hþ Omo AÝV:H$aU nyd©H$ lÕm`wŠV hmo`H|$ _moHw§$
^ŠV:Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠV, B{VŸ=ŸEgmo àdmhmV² = àdmhgy§ Ôo ho gmo AË`ÝV `wŠV _mÝ`mo ho'' Ego lrH¥$îUZo H$ømo ho. Vog| \o$[a nÄMXe_
B©aUmV²Ÿ=ŸH${hdogy§ (ŸqH$MŸ=ŸAmoaŸ) {h = ^r (nw{ï>_mJ©: = nw{ï>_mJ) AÜ`m`_| H$ømo ho Omo ""AmN>r ar{Vgy§ _moha{hV Omo nwéf _moHw§$ nwéfmoÎm_ H$[aHo$
OmZo ho gmo g~ Om{Zdodmamo ho. gmo gd©^mdH$[aHo$ _moHw§$ Ôo ho'' Eg| H$ømo ho.
gd©ÌŸ=Ÿg~ OJh {^ÝZ: = AbJ(ApñV = h¡)
gmo gd©^mdgy§ ÔZ nw{ï>_mJ©_|{h ho. Amoa Ego ÔZHw§$ g~ñWbZ²_| CÎm_ H$ømo
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ho. Vmgy§ nw{ï> ho Egmo {ZíM` ho. ^ŠËË`mJ_m¡Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV Xo`dodmao `wŠË`mŸ=Ÿ`wpŠVgm|
CnaHo$ íbmoH$_| JrVmOrH$mo à_mU Xo`H|$ ^ŠV ~hmoV Zmht hmoV h| naÝVw _Vm¡Ÿ=Ÿ_mZo h| B{VŸ=ŸEgmo d¡{XH$:Ÿ=Ÿd¡{XH$ (Ÿ_mJ©:Ÿ=Ÿ_mJ©Ÿ)
H$moB© hr hmoV h| Ego {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. Vmgy§ g~, ^ŠV Zmht hmoV h|. V~ Om MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X hmodo Vmo {hŸ=Ÿ{ZíM` hr
_mJ©_| ò ^ŠV h| Egmo nw{ï>_mJ©hþ àdmhgy§ {^ÝZ ho Eg| AWm©V² {gÕ hmo` ho. VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo {^ÝZ:Ÿ=ŸAbJ (ŸApñVŸ=Ÿ hoŸ)
Vhm§ Egr e‘>m hmo` Omo àdmhgy§ nw{ï>_mJ© {^ÝZ ho Eg| {gÕ ^`mo naÝVw ^mdmW© : ^pŠV_mJ© EH$hr ho Amoa àdmh VWm _`m©Xm, ^pŠVHo$ A“ê$n h| Amoa
nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Omo-Omo dmŠ` h| gmo-gmo doX, ñ_¥{V AWdm nwamUm{XH$Z²Ho$ ^pŠVH$s àmpßVHo$ gmYZê$n h| Eg| emó_| _mÝ`mo hoŸ- Eg| dmXr H$ho Vhm§ H$hV
h|. gmo g~ doX{d{Y_|hr Am` Om` h|; Vmgy§ _`m©Xmgy§ nw{ï>_mJ© {^ÝZ Zmht hmo` h| Omo Eg| H$hoZmo gyÌ Amoa `wpŠV gy§ hþ `wŠV Zmht ho. Vmgy§ d¡{XH$_mJ© {^ÝZ ho
gHo$JmoŸ! Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò H$hV h| Omo ""AmË_mgy§ OmH$s ^mdZm H$ar Amoa AZwJ«hà`wŠV _mJ© {^ÝZ ho.
ho Ego ^JdmZ² OmHo$ Cna AZwJ«h H$aV h| gmo bmoH$_| VWm doX_| bmJr ahr Egr
_{VH$m| N>mo‹S>o h|'' Eg| lr^mJdV_| H$ømo ho. Vog|hr ""doX Vn XmZ Amoa kmZŸ-
Ÿ`k Ûmamhþ _oao dm ñdê$nH$mo Xe©Z Zmht hmo` gHo$ ho Ho$ OmH$mo VoZ| {H$`mo; _oao Q>rH$m : BVZo ^pŠV_mJ©_| ""lrnwéfmoÎm__| {Zð>mdmaoHw§$ A_¥VnZmo hmo` ho''
Ego ñdê$nH$mo Xe©Z Vmo Ho$db AZÝ`^pŠVH$[aHo$ hr hmo` gHo$ ho'' Eg| (Ÿ""VËg§ñWñ` A_¥VÎdmonXoemV²'' epÊS>ë`gyÌŸ) Eg| ^pŠVgyÌ_| {b»`mo ho.
JrVmOr_| H$ømo ho. BVZo g~ ñWb_| nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo à{VnmXZ ho Vmgy§ doXHo$ O¡{_Zr`gyÌ_| {b»`mo ho Omo Á`mo{Vï>mo_m{XH$ `kê$n H$_© ñdJm©{XH$ \$bHw§$
{Z`_ê$n _`m©Xmgy§hþ nw{ï>_mJ© {^ÝZ hoŸ&&4-5Ÿ&& CËnÝZ H$[aHo$ {Zd¥Îm hmo` ho. Vmgy§ gmo H$_©, ^pŠVHo$ A“^yV hmo` gHo$ Zmht.
Vog| kmZ_mJ©hþ _mojê$n\$bHw§$ àmßV H$ao ho, ^pŠVHw§$ àmßV Zmht H$ao ho Eg|
(Ÿ""VpÝZð>ñ` _mojmonXoemV²''Ÿ) ì`mggyÌ_| {b»`mo h|. gmo (ŸkmZ_mJ©hþŸ)^pŠVHo$
Om_| ^JdX²^pŠV hmo` Zmht Ego Y_©, H$_© VWm kmZ H$s {ZÝXm gd©emó_| A“^yV Zmht hmo` gHo$ ho. Vmgy§ d¡{XH$_mJ© {^ÝZ ho Amoa AZwJ«hà`wŠV _mJ©
{bIr ho; naÝVw ^pŠV g{hVH$s {ZÝXm Zmht ho Vmgy§ JrVmOr_| ""{Z~ÝYm`m@@gwar {^ÝZ ho. Vog| X¡dgJ©ê$n àdmhhþ _moj\$b Xo`dodmamo ho Amoa AmgwagJ©ê$n àdmh
_Vm'' BË`m{XH$ dmŠ`Z²gy§ àmdm{hH$ OrdZ²H$s {ZÝXm {bIr ho gmo ^pŠV ~ÝYZ H$[adodmamo ho Vmgm| dmohþ ^pŠVHo$ A“ê$n hmo` gHo$ Zmht. (ŸEg| \$bôX
a{hVH$s ho. ^pŠV g{hV àmdm{hH$ Vmo X¡dr_| {JZo Om` h| Vmgy§ g~ _mJ© Aé à_mUôX gy§ _mJ©ôXH$mo {ZíM` H$[aHo$ A~ `wpŠVgy§ hþ _mJ©ôXH$mo à{VnmXZ
^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ A“^yV h| Egr _yb_|{h e‘>m H$[aHo$ g_mYmZ H$aV h|Ÿ: H$aV h|Ÿ).
`{X àdmh_mJ© ^pŠVHo$ A“ê$n hmodVmo Vmo lrH¥$îU^JdmZ²Z| JrVmOr_|
_mJ£ H $Ëdo @ {n Mo X ² A³ Ë `m¡ VZy ^ŠË`mJ_m¡ _Vm¡ Ÿ && X¡drgån{ÎmH$mo ^md H${hHo$ Amgwargån{ÎmH$mo ^md H$ømo ho gmo Zmht H$hVo.
Z VX² `wŠV§ gyÌVmo {h {^ÝZm¡ `wŠË`m {h d¡{XH$:Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
Vog| (Ÿ`{X _`m©Xm_mJ© Amoa nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ A“^yV hmodVmo VmoŸ) JrVmOr_|
_mJ£H$ËdoŸ=Ÿ_mJ© EH$ hmo`dono `wŠV§Ÿ=ŸR>rH$ ÛmXemÜ`m`_| H$ømo ho Omo ""Aja~«÷Ho$ CnmgH$Z²H$m| Šboe A{YH$ ho'' Amoa
A{nŸ=Ÿ^r ZŸ=ŸZmht ho ""ny U © n w é fmo Î m_Ho $ CnmgH$Z² H $mo CÕma à^w erK« h r H$ao h| ' '; Vo g |
A³Ë`m¡Ÿ=ŸApÝV_ Xmo {hŸ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$ lr^mJdVXe_ñH$ÝY_| H$ømo ho Omo
VZyŸ=ŸA“ gyÌV:Ÿ=ŸgyÌgm| ""lrèmoXmZÝXZ lrH¥$îU ^pŠVdmaoZ²H$m| gwIgy§ Oog| àmßV hm|` Vog| XohrZ²H$m|
209 210
VWm ~«÷Hw§$ AnZr AmË_mê$n _m{Zdodmao kmZrZ²H$m| gwIgy§ àmßV Zmht hmo` h|'' emómoŠV Y_©Ho$ AZwHy$b h|. {dZH$s H¥${V Ap½ZhmoÌm{XH$ lm¡V-ñ_mV© H$_©
BË`m{XH$ `wŠVrZ²H$[aHo$hþ nw{ï>_mJ©gy§ àdmh_mJ© VWm _`m©Xm_mJ© {^ÝZ hoŸ&&6Ÿ&& H$[adoH$s VWm kmZm{XH$Ho$ AZwHy$b Ë`mJm{XH$ H$ardoH$s ho.
Eg| àdmh VWm _`m©Xm_mJ©V| nw{ï>_mJ© {^ÝZ ho gmo gyÌ VWm `wpŠVgy§ {gÕ Amoa nw{ï>_mJu` Ord h| gmo X¡d*h| VWm{n ^JdmZ²Ho$ AZwJ«h{d{eï> h|.
H$[aHo$ {dZ (Ÿ_mJ©Z²Ÿ)Ho$ Ord, (ŸOrdZ²Ho$Ÿ) Xoh VWm H¥${V Ho$ ôXH$mo {Zê$nU {dZHo$ Xoh ^JdËgodm_| AZwHy$b VWm ^JdËñdê$n_|hr AmgŠV (ŸhoŸ). {dZH$s
H$aV h|Ÿ: H¥${V bmo{H$H$-d¡{XH$ \$bZ²H$s BÀN>mgm| a{hV hmo`Ho$ ^JdËgodm H$[adoH$s VWm
gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_ gå~pÝY \$b {_bdoH$s ho.
Ord-Xo h -H¥ $ VrZm§ M {^ÝZËd§ {ZË`Vm lw V o : Ÿ&&
`Wm VÛV² nw { ï>_mJ} Û`mo a {n {Zfo Y V:Ÿ&&7Ÿ&& Eg| VrZm|Z²Ho$ Ord, Xoh VWm H¥${V Oog| {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ h| Vog| lw{VHo$ à_mUgy§
à_mUô X mX² {^ÝZmo {h nw { ï>_mJm} {Zê${nV:Ÿ&& ~«÷dmX_| OrdZ²H$s {ZË`Vm ho. {d{eï>mÛ¡V VWm Û¡V_mJ© _| A{ZË`Vm ho Amoa
_m`mdmX_| _m{`H$Ëd ho. `Ú{n Eg| AnZoŸ-ŸAnZo _VHo$ AZwgma g~OrdZ²Hw§$
g~ g_mZhr _mZo h|; VWm{n ""^JdmZ²H$mo H$sV©Z H$[adodmao Ord Y«wd (Ÿ{ZË`Ÿ)
`WmŸ=ŸOog| {ZË`VmŸ=Ÿ{ZË`nZm| h|'' Eg| lw{V_| {b»`mo ho. Amoa ""Oog| ^pŠVdmaoZ²H$m| ^JdmZ² gwIgy§ àmßV hmo`
nw{ï>_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©_| MŸ=Ÿhþ (Ÿ{gÕç{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmo` hoŸ) h| Vog| Amoa XohrZ²H$m| VWm kmZrZ²H$m| àmßV Zmht hmo` h|'' Eg| lr^mJdV_|
lwVo:Ÿ=ŸdoXgy§ Û`mo:Ÿ=ŸXmoZm|Z²H$mo A{nŸ=Ÿ^r {b»`mo ho. Vmgy§ àdmhr VWm kmZrZ² H$mo {ZfoY H$[aHo$ ""{OZH$m| gwIgy§ àmßV
OrdXohH¥$VrZm§Ÿ=ŸOrd-Xoh-H¥${VH$mo {ZfoYV:Ÿ=Ÿ{ZfoYgy§Ÿ({H$ÄMŸ=ŸAmoa) hmo` ho'' Eg| {b»`mo ho Vmgy§ AZwJ«h {d{eï> nw{ï>_mJu` Ord {^ÝZ h| Egmo {gÕ
{^ÝZËd§Ÿ=ŸAbJnZm|Ÿ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho) à_mUôXmV²Ÿ=Ÿà_mUHo$ ôXgy§ hmo` ho. Eg| à_mUHo$ ôXgy§ nw{ï>_mJ© {^ÝZ {Zê${nV {H$`mo ho dm{h ar{Vgy§ àdmh
Amoa _`m©XmH$mohþ ôX g_OZmoŸ&&71/2Ÿ&&
VÛV²Ÿ= dog| nw{ï>_mJ©:Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©
{^ÝZ:Ÿ=ŸAbJ {Zê${nV:Ÿ=Ÿ{Zê${nV {H$`mo ho
A~ (ŸAmJ| Om`Ho$Ÿ) à_mU~bH$[aHo$ VWm gmYZHo$ ôXH$[aHo$ VrZm|
_mJ©Z²H$mo ôX (Ÿ~VmdZmo ho. gmo ôXŸ) {gÕ H$[adoHo${bò D$na ~Vmò Ego
^mdmW© : Oog| VrZm|Z²Ho$ Ord, Xoh VWm H¥${V {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ h| Vog| lw{VHo$ Ordm{XH$Z²Ho$ ôX`wŠV A{dpÀN>ÝZgJ©H$mo Omo ôX ho VmH$[aHo$ nw{ï>H$mo ôX {gÕ
à_mUgy§ ~«÷dmX_| OrdZ²H$s {ZË`Vm ho Vogr {ZË`VmH$mo àdmh VWm _`m©Xm _mJu H$[adoHo${bò (Ÿ`m íbmoH$_|Ÿ) gm_mÝ`(Ÿê$nŸ)gy§ gJ©Ho$ ôXH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
OrdZ²Ho$ {dfo {ZfoY hmo`dogy§ à_mUHo$ ôXgy§hþ nw{ï>_mJ© XmoC _mJ©Z²gy§ {^ÝZ ho.
gJ© ^ o X § àdú`m{_ ñdê$nm“-{H« $ `m`w V _² Ÿ &&8Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : àdmh_mJ©dmao Ord Amgwa h|, {dZHo$ Xoh ^JdX²ÔZgy§ à{VHy$b h|,
BÀN>m_mÌo U _Zgm àdmh§ g¥ ï >dmZ² h[a:Ÿ&&
{dZH$s {H«$`m ñdmW©Ho${bò Amoa XygaoH$m| Xw:I Xo`doH$s ho.
dMgm do X _mJm} {h nw q ï> H$mò Z {ZíM`:Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
Amoa _`m©Xm_mJu` Ord X¡d h|, {dZHo$ Xoh d¡{XH$Y_© VWm ^JdËnyOm{XH$
ñdê$nm“-{H«$`m`wV§Ÿ=Ÿñdê$n A“- dMgm = dm{Ugy§
211 212
Amoa {H«$`m Ho$ gmW doX_mJª = doX_mJªHw§$ gmo AnZr {dê$Õ hmo` Zmht Vmgy§ _m`m_|gy§ Amgwar Ord CËnÝZ {H$ò, gmo
gJ©ôX§Ÿ=Ÿg¥{ï>H$mo ôX [h = {ZíM`hr àdmhg¥{ï> ^B©. VWm OrdZ²Ho$ Xw:IH$sŸ{Zd¥{Îm Ho${bò doX_mJ© àH$Q> {H$`mo Vm_|
àdú`m{_Ÿ=ŸAmN>rŸ^m§{Vgm|ŸH$hþ§Ÿhÿ§ H$mòZ = earagy§ àr{Vdmao Ord Aja~«÷gy§ ^ò gmo _`m©Xmg¥{ï> ^B©. Amoa OrdZ²H$m|
h[a:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU nwqï> = nwqï>Hw§$ ÔZmZÝXH$mo XmZ H$[adoHo${bò AnZo AmZÝXmË_H$ ñdê$ngy§ Ord CËnÝZ
{H$ò gmo nw{ï>g¥{ï> ^B©.
BÀN>m_mÌoUŸ=ŸBÀN>m_mÌgy§ g¥ï>dmZ² = aÀ`mo ho(B{VŸ=ŸEgmo)
_ZgmŸ=Ÿ_Zgy§, àdmh§Ÿ=ŸàdmhHw§$ {ZíM`:Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM`Ÿ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho)
AWm©V² àmdm{hH$ g¥{ï> à^wHo$ _ZV| _m`mgy§ CËnÝZ ^B© ho1, _`m©Xmg¥{ï>
à^wHo$ _Znyd©H$ dMZV| Aja~«÷gy§2 ^B© ho Amoa nw{ï>g¥{ï> à^wHo$ _Z VWm
^mdmW© : ñdê$nŸ=ŸOrd, A“Ÿ=ŸXoh Amoa {H«$`m `wŠV g¥{ï>H$mo ôX H$hþ§Jmo. dMZnyd©H$ ñdê$ngy§ ^B© ho. Eg| VrZm| àH$maH$s g¥{ï> à^yZ²Z| H$ar hoŸ&&8-9Ÿ&&
{OZH$mo gd©Xm EH$s^md ho Ego h[a BÀN>m_mÌgy§ _ZH$[aHo$ àdmh_mJ©H$§w , dMZH$[aHo$
doX_mJ© (Ÿ_`m©Xm_mJ©Ÿ) Hw§$ Amoa H$m`mH$[aHo$ nw{ï>_mJ©Hw§$ g¥OV^ò.
{deofŸ:
1.ŸghO Amgwa VWm Amgwamdoer Ego Xmo` àH$maHo$ àmdm{hH$ Ord h|. {VZ_|
Q>rH$m : BVZ| EH$mXeñH$ÝY_| ""d¡H$m[aH$ Ah‘>maHo$ H$m`©ê$n _Zgy§ g¥{ï> ^B©
Amgwamdoer _wŠV hmo` h| Amoa ghO Amgwa ho gmo AÝYÝV__|ŸOm`Ÿh|.
ho'' Eg| {b»`mo ho. Vog| doX_|hþ _Zgy§ g¥{ï> ^B© ho Eg| {b»`mo ho gmo àdmhg¥{ï>
ho. Vm_| _m`mhþ g“ H$maU^yV ho gmo Amgwaê$n _m{`H$ g¥{ï> ho. dm g¥{ï>Ho$ 2.Ÿg‘>f©U h| gmo doXê$n h| Amoa eãX~«÷ VWm Aja~«÷ g§H$f©UH$mohr ñdê$n
A{^àm`gy§ {h OJV² _m{`H$ ho Eg| {H$VZoH$ _mZo h|. h| Vmgy§ Aja~«÷gy§ g¥{ï> ho gmo doXgy§hr g¥{ï> ^B© ho Ego g_OZmo.
dMZgy§ _`m©Xmg¥{ï> ^B© ho gmo _mÊSy>Š` Cn{ZfX²_| {b»`mo ho Omo ""›ŸH$magy§ àmdm{hH$ g¥{ï>H$mo CnmXmZH$maU _m`m ho VWm _`m©Xmg¥{ï>H$mo CnmXmZH$maU
{h g~Z²H$s CËn{Îm ho. ^yV ^{dî`V² Amoa dV©_mZ Omo H$Nw> ho gmo g~ ›ŸH$maH$mohr Aja~«÷ ho Amoa nw{ï>g¥{ï>H$mo CnmXmZH$maU à^wH$mo ñdê$n ho -90ŸEg| VrZm|
Cnì`m»`mZ ho''. Vog| EH$mXeñH$ÝY_|hþ nam, ní`pÝV, _Ü`_m Amoa d¡Iar ò g¥{ï>H$mo CnmXmZH$maU {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ ho VWm{n Oog| Vm_«, ê$ß` Amoa gwdU© ê$n
Mmam| àH$maH$s dmUrH$s CËn{Îm {b{IHo$ dmgy§hr OJVH$s CËn{Îm {b{I ho. gmo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ CnmXmZH$maUgy§ VrZ KQ> ^ò hm|` naÝVw Obbm`doê$n H$m`© Vmo
à^wH$s dmUr doXê$n ho Amoa doX ho gmo gmjmV² ZmamÙ ho, Vmgy§ doXgy§ g¥{ï> ^B© VrZm| KQ>H$mo g_mZ hr hmo` ho; Amoa d«r{h VWm `d Ho$ nwamoS>megy§ `k VWm \$b
ho gmo _`m©Xm_mJ©H$s g¥{ï> ho. g_mZhr hmo` ho Vog| VrZm| g¥{ï>Hw§$ \$b g_mZhr hmo`Jmo Egr H$moC e‘>m H$ao Vhm§
H$hV h|Ÿ:
Amoa nwê$f{dY~«m÷UH$s lw{V_| ""EH$ AmË_mHo$ Xmo {d^mJŸ{H$ò. Vm_|gy§

n{V Amoa nËZr ^ò'' Eg| {b»`mo ho. Vmgy§ AmZ§XmË_H$Ÿñdê$ng§yhr AZoH$ _y b o À N>mV: \$b§ bmo H o $ do X mo Š V§ d¡ { XHo $ @{n MŸ&&
àH$maHo$ ^ò, gmo H$m`mgy§ g¥{ï> ^B© ho gmo nw{ï>g¥{ï> ho. H$mò Z Vw \$b§ nw ï >m¡ {^ÝZo À N>mVmo @ {n Z¡ H $YmŸ&&10Ÿ&&
BVZ| à^yZ²H$m| draagH$mo AZw^d H$[adoH$s BÀN>m ^B© V~ AnZmo A§e hmo` bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_| \$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$b(^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho)
213 214
_yboÀN>mV:Ÿ=Ÿ_yb BÀN>mgy§, MŸ=ŸAmoa, d¡{XHo$Ÿ=Ÿd¡{XH$_| ""VmZh§ {ÛfVmo ' ' dmŠ`mX² {^ÝZm Ordm: àdm{hU:Ÿ&&
A{nŸ=ŸVmo\$b§Ÿ= Ÿ\$b (ŸEd§Ÿ=ŸEgoŸ) AV Edo V am¡ {^ÝZm¡ gmÝVm¡ _mo j àdo e V:Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
doXmoŠV§Ÿ=ŸdoX_| H$ømo ^`mo {^ÝZoÀN>mV:Ÿ=ŸBÀN>mHo$Ÿ{^ÝZŸhmo`dogy§
(Ÿ\$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$bŸ) nwï>m¡Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_| A{nŸ=Ÿ^r VmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHw§$, Ah§Ÿ=Ÿ_¢ AV:Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§, EdŸ=Ÿhr
VwŸ=ŸVmo, H$mòZŸ=ŸH$m`mgy§ EH$YmŸ=ŸEH$ŸàH$magm|, ZŸ=ŸZmht {ÛfVmoŸ=ŸÛof H$[adodmao(ŸB{VŸ=Ÿ`mŸ) BVm¡am¡ = Xÿgao Xmo
dmŠ`mV²Ÿ=ŸdmŠ`gy§ _mojàdoeV:Ÿ=Ÿ_moj_| àdoe
^mdmW© : A{dpÀN>ÝZ g¥{ï> Mbr Om` Egr _yb BÀN>mgy§ àmdm{hH$ OrdZ²H$m| àdm{hU:Ÿ=Ÿàdmhr H$[adodmao hmo`dogy§
bm¡{H$H$ \$b hmo` ho. _`m©Xm_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| doX_| H$ømo ho gmo \$b {_bo ho. Ordm:Ÿ=ŸOrd gmÝVm¡Ÿ=ŸAÝVdmao
Amoa nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| à^yZ²Ho$ ñdê$nH$[aHo$ \$b {_bo ho. Eog| \$bhþ EH$ {^ÝZm:Ÿ=ŸAbJ(ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) {^ÝZŸ=ŸAbJŸ(ŸñV:Ÿ=Ÿ h|Ÿ)
àH$magm| Zmht hmoV ho.
^mdmW© : JrVmOr_| H$ømo ho Omo ""Ûof H$[adodmao ... àdm{hZ²H$m| _¢ gd©Xm Amgwar
Q>rH$m : A{dpÀN>ÝZ g¥{ï> Mbr Om` Egr _yb BÀN>mgy§ àmdm{hH$ OrdZ²H$m| `mo{Z_| S>mê§$ hÿ§'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ16Ÿ&19Ÿ) Vmgy§ àmdm{hH$ Ord _`m©Xm_mJu` VWm
bm¡{H$H$ \$b hmo` ho. Vm_| ghO AmgwaOrd h| gmo OÝ_Ÿ-Ÿ_aUV| boHo$ AÝVVmo nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²gy§ {^ÝZ h|. Amoa _`m©Xm_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| Aja~«÷àmpßVê$n
JËdm AÝYÝV__| Om` h| Amoa Amgwamdoer h| gmo H$m_Zm_| AmgŠV hmo`H|$ _moj hmo` ho VWm nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| nwéfmoÎm__| àdoe hmo` ho Vmgy§ ò AÝV
Yy__mJ©_| `km{XH$H$[aHo$ AmdmJ_Z H$aVŸ-ŸH$aV Amgwamdoe {_Q> Om` V~ g{hV h|; BVZo {dZ XmoCZ²H$mo Ord^md {Zd¥Îm hmo` h|.
_wŠV hm|` h|. VWm _`m©Xm_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| doX_| H$ømo ho gmo \$b {_bo ho. Vm_|
{ZîH$m_ `km{XH$ H$[adodmaoZ²H$m| AmË_gwI {_bo ho Amoa gH$m_ H$[adodmaoZ²H$m|
ñdJm©{XH$ bmoH$H$mo gwI {_bo ho. nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| à^yZ²Ho$ ñdê$nH$[aHo$ \$b Q>rH$m : BVZ| ^JdmZ²H$mo Ûof H$aZmo òhr {OZH$mo Y_© ho gmo AmgwarOrd h|.
{_bo ho. BVZo doUwJrV_| lw{Vê$nm lrJmonrOZZ²Z| BpÝÐ`dmaoZ²H$m| ÔZmZÝXê$n Omo {VZH$mo AÝV_| AÝYÝV__| àdoe ho. EH$ _ybê$n VWm AdVmaê$n H$mo Ûof, Xygamo
CÎm_ \$b H$ømo ho gmo \$b {_bo ho. Eg| {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ BÀN>m ho VWm \$bH$mohþ {d^y{V à^¥VrZ²H$mo Ûof Amoa Vrgamo OJÐynH$mo Ûof -Eg| VrZ àH$maH$mo ^JdmZ²Ho$
ôX ho Vmgy§ EH$ àH$maH$s g¥{ï> VWm EH$ àH$maHo$ _mJ© Zmht h|. à{V Ûof ho. Vm_| _ybê$n VWm AdmVaê$n H$mo Ûof H$[adodmaoZ²H$m| ~hmoV H$[aHo$
^JdmZ²hr _mao h|, Vmgy§ _wŠV hmo` h|. VWm {d^yË`m{XH$H$mo Ûof H$[adodmao ÛofH$mo
Ë`mJ H$a| V~ _wŠV hm|` ho. ò Xmo` Amgwamdoer h|. Amoa OJÐynH$mo Ûof H$[adodmao
_yb_| "Z¡H$Vm' Egmohþ nmR> ho VmH$mo AW© Egmo ho Omo gJ© VWm _mJ©Z² H$s ghO-Amgwa h| gmo H$mC {XZ _wŠV Z hm|`. {dZH$mo AÝYÝV__|hr àdoe hmo` ho.
EH$Vm Zmht hoŸ&&10Ÿ&& Š`m| Omo OJVH$mo Ûof H$[ado_| ^JdX²^ŠVZ²H$mohþ Ûof hmo` ho. Vmgy§hr Xe_ñH$ÝY_|
AH«y$aOrZo Y¥VamVï´>Hw§$ H$ømo ho Omo
VrZm| _mJ©Z²Ho$ OrdZ²H$m| {MÐynnZmo g_mZ ho VWm{n VrZm|Z²Ho$ OyXo-OyXo Y_© ""AY_©H$[aHo$ OmH$mo nmofU H$ao ho gmo nmofU H$[adodmaoH$m| N>mo‹S>V h|''. VmH$mo
h| Vmgy§ \$b_| ôX ho Eg| {gÕ H$aZmo ho. Vm_| àmdm{hH$ OrdZ²H$mo Y_© AË`ÝV lrgw~mo{YZrOr_| {ZU©` {H$`mo ho Omo ""àmU, ór, nwÌm{XH$H$mo AY_©gy§ nmofU
{^ÝZ ho Vmgy§ àW_ àmdm{hH$Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: {H$`mo hmo` gmo g~ dmH$m| N>mo‹S> XoV h| Amoa Ho$db Ord AÝYÝV__| Om` ho''.
Ego Ûof H$[adodmao àdm{hOrd h|. Vmgy§hr _`m©Xm_mJu` VWm nw{ï>_mJu` Ord
215 216
{^ÝZ h|. Amoa _`m©Xm_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| Aja~«÷ àmpßVê$n _moj hmo` ho VWm BÀN>mH$[aHo$ g~OJÐyn ^ò h| gmo Z hmoVo. AWm©V² Zm_godm Vmo _`m©Xmg¥{ï>hþ H$aV
nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²H$mo nwéfmoÎm__| àdoe hmo` ho. Vmgy§ ò AÝV g{hV h|; BVZo {dZ ho naÝVw ê$ngodm dmgy§ ~am~a Zmht hmo` gHo$ Vmgy§ ê$ngodmHo${bòhr nw{ï>g¥{ï> ho.
XmoCZ²H$mo Ord^md {Zd¥Îm hmo` hoŸ&&11Ÿ&& gmo àdmh Amoa _`m©Xm gy§ {^ÝZ Z hmo` Vmo nw{ï>g¥{ï> H$[adoH$mo Omo à`moOZ hVmo
gmo {gÕ Z ^`mo V~ nw{ï>g¥{ï>hþ Z hmo` V~ a_U H$[adoHo${bò à^w OJÐwn ^`|
Eg| VrZm| _mJ©Z²Ho$ bjU VWm \$bHo$ ôXH$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo. Vm H$[aHo$ h| Eg| lw{V_| H$ømo ho gmo ì`W© hmo`. Vmgy§ à^yZ²Ho$ a_UmW© ò nw{ï>g¥{ï> ho gmo
Omo {gÕ ^`mo gmo H$hV h|Ÿ: g~Z²gy§ {^ÝZ hoŸ&&12Ÿ&&
Vñ_mO² Ordm: nw { ï>_mJ} {^ÝZmEd Z g§ e `:Ÿ&& Eg| g¥{ï>Ho$ ôXgy§ g~Z²Ho$ gmYZ {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ h|, Vmgy§ EH$-XygaoHo$ gmYZ
{_b Zmht Om` h|. Vmohþ brbmg¥{ï>_| CËnÝZ ^ò Ego ^ŠVZ²Ho$ ñdê$n, Xoh VWm
^Jd-X² ê $ngo d mWª VËg¥ { ï>a² ZmÝ`Wm ^do V ² Ÿ &&12Ÿ&&
{H«$`m_| H$Nw> VmaVå` Zmht {XIdo_| AmdV ho; V~ Cna(ŸHo$ íbmoH$Z²_|Ÿ) Omo g¥{ï>
à^¥VrZ²H$mo ôX {gÕ {H$`mo ho gmo ì`W© ho Egr H$mhþH$mo e‘>m hmo` VmH$s
Vñ_mV²Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§ VËg¥{ï>:Ÿ=Ÿdmo g¥{ï> {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò VmaVå` H$hV h|Ÿ:
nw{ï>_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©_| ^JdX²-ê$ngodmWªŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s-
Ordm:Ÿ=ŸOrd, {^ÝZm:Ÿ=ŸAbJ ê$ngodmHo${bò,Ÿ(ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) ñdê$no U mdVmao U {b“o Z M Jw U o Z MŸ&&
EdŸ=Ÿhr (ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa Vahgy§ VmaVå`§ Z ñdê$no Xo h o dm VpËH« $ `mgw dmŸ&&13Ÿ&&
g§e`:Ÿ=Ÿe‘>m ZŸ=ŸZmht VWm{n `mdVm H$m`ª VmdV² Vñ` H$amo { V {hŸ&&
ZŸ=ŸZmht (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmodo ho
ñdê$noUŸ=Ÿñdê$ngy§ VpËH«$`mgw = CZH$s {H«$`m_|
^mdmW© : Vmgy§ nw{ï>_mJu` Ord h| gmo Xygao _mJ©Z²Ho$ OrdZ²gy§ {^ÝZ h| dm_| g§e` AdVmaoUŸ=ŸAdVmagy§ VmaVå`§Ÿ=ŸôX
Zmht ho. `{X nw{ï>_mJu` Ord {^ÝZ Z hm|` Vmo ^JdÐynH$s godmHo${bò nw{ï>_mJu` {b“oZŸ=Ÿ{MôZgy§, MŸ=ŸAmoa ZŸ=ŸZmht (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
OrdZ²H$s g¥{ï>hþ Z hmo`.
JwUoZŸ=ŸJwUgy§, MŸ=Ÿ^r VWm{nŸ=ŸVmohþ,Ÿ`mdVmŸ=Ÿ{OVZmo
(nw{ï>OrdmZm§Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>OrdZ²H$o ) H$m`ªŸ=ŸH$m`©Hw$, VmdV²Ÿ=ŸCVZmo
Q>rH$m : Vmgy§ nw{ï>_mJu` Ord h| gmo Xygao _mJ©Z²Ho$ OrdZ²gy§ {^ÝZ h| dm_| g§e`
ñdê$no = ñdê$n_|, dm = AWdm Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo, H$amo{VŸ=ŸH$ao
Zmht ho. BVZo dmamhnwamU_| H$ømo ho Omo ""~«÷mOrH$s g¥{ï>gy§ OwXr ò g¥{ï> H$moC
AÝ`hr ho'' Egmo dmŠ` ho. Vmgy§ nw{ï>_mJu` Ord g~Z²gy§ {^ÝZhr h|. `{X Xoho = Xoh_|, dm = AWdm {hŸ=Ÿ{h
nw{ï>_mJu` Ord {^ÝZ Z hm|` Vmo ^JdÐynH$s godmHo${bò nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZH$s
g¥{ï>hþ Z hmo`. BVZo ""à^w AHo$bo AmË_a_U_|hr hVo. V~ ~m{ha H$moC Zmht hVmo. ^mdmW© = ^º$Z²Ho$ ñdê$n Xoh AWdm {H«$`mZ²_| ñdê$nH$[aH|$ AdVmaH$[aH|$,
Vmgy§ a_U Zmht H$aV ^ò. Š`m| Omo AHo$bo hVo V~ a_U Zmht H$aV hVo gmo {MôZH$[aH|$ Amoa JwUH$[aH|$ ^JdmZ²gy§ `Ú{n VmaVå` Zmht ho VWm{n {OVZo
(Ÿa_U H$[adoHo${bòŸ) XygaoH$s BÀN>m H$aV^ò'' Ego lw{V_| H$ømo ho. Vmgy§ VmaVå`gy§ a_UmË_H$ H$m`© {gÕ hmo` {VVZmo ^ŠVZ²_| VmaVå` ^JdmZ² H$a| h|.
217 218
{g{ÕHo${bò, {_lm:Ÿ=Ÿ{_l (Ÿ{d{_lm:Ÿ=Ÿ{deofH$[aH|$
Q>rH$m : BVZo ^JdmZ² Oog| AmZÝXê$n agKZ h| Vog| ^ŠVhþ h|. Oog| Abm¡{H$H$ {_lŸ)
ar{Vgy§ ewÕgËd_|hr ^JdmZ²H$mo AdVma hmo` ho Vog|hr ^ŠVZ²H$mo AdVma ho. Oog| àdmhm{X{dôXoZŸ=Ÿàdmh Am{XHo$ ôXgy§ JwUkm:Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²Hw§$ Om{Zdodmao
ÜdOm dO« `d A‘w>e H$_b à^¥{V ^JdmZ²Ho$ {MôZ h| Vog|hr ^ŠVZ²Ho$hþ hmoV {ÌYmŸ=ŸVrZ àH$maHo$ (ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) (Ÿ^dpÝVŸ=Ÿhm|` h|Ÿ)
h|. Oog| ^JdmZ²Ho$ Eoíd`m©{XH$ Amoa gm¡Hw$_m`m©{XH$ JwU h| Vog|hr ^ŠVZ²Ho$ h|. nwîQ²çmŸ=Ÿnw{ï>gy§ (ŸqH$MŸ=ŸAmoaŸ)àoåUmŸ=Ÿào_H$[aH|$
Vmgy§, BZ g~ Y_©Z²H$[aH|$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$ngy§ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ ñdê$n_| VWm ^JdmZ²Ho$
{d{_lm:Ÿ=Ÿ{deofH$[aH|$ {_l ewÕm:Ÿ=ŸewÕ, VoŸ=Ÿd
Xohgy§ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xoh_| VWm ^JdmZ²H$s {H«$`mgy§ ^ŠVZ²H$s {H«$`m_| VmaVå` Zmht
ho. AWm©V² ^JdmZ²Ho$ g_mZhr h|. VWm{n {OVZo VmaVå`gm| g~ àH$maH$s brbm gd©km:Ÿ=Ÿg~H$Nw> Om{Zdodmao A{VXwb©^m:Ÿ=ŸAË`ÝV Xwb©^
{gÕ hmo` {VVZmo VmaVå` ^JdmZ² ^ŠVZ²_| H$aV h|Ÿ&&131/2Ÿ&& (Ÿ^dpÝVŸ=Ÿhm|` hoŸ) (Ÿ^dpÝVŸ=Ÿhm|` h|Ÿ)
Eg| ñd^mdHo$ ôX à^¥{V g~ gÝXohZ²Hw§$ Xy[a H$[aHo$ {H$VZoH$Z²H$s ^JdmZ²Ho$
H$ho ^ò ^pŠV_mJ©_| àd¥{Îm hmoV ho, {H$VZoH$Z²H$s ^JdmZ²Ho$ H$ho ^ò kmZ_mJ©_| ^mdmW© : ewÕnwï> Amoa {_lnwï> Eg| ôXgy§ do nwï>Ord Xmo` àH$maHo$ h|. Vm_| nwZ:
àd¥{Îm hmo` ho Amoa {H$VZoH$Z²H$s ^JdmZ²Ho$ H$ho ^ò H$_©_mJ©_| àd¥{Îm VWm ^JdmZ²Ho$ H$m`©H$s {g{ÕHo${bò àdmhm{XH$Ho$ ôXH$[aH|$ {_lnwï> VrZ àH$maHo$
AmgpŠV hmo` ho. Vm_|hþ {H$VZoH$Z²H$m|, emó_| H$[adoH$mo {b»`mo ho Vmgy§ `m_| h|. Vm_| nw{ï>H$aH|$ {_l Omo nwï>Ord h| gmo gd©k h| AWm©V² ^JdmZ²Ho$ A{^àm`Hw$
Adí` àd{Îm H$aZr M{hò, Eg| emó{d{YHo$ ~bgy§ àd¥{Îm hmo` ho Amoa Om{Zdodmao h|. VWm àdmhH$[aH|$ {_l nwï>Ord h| gmo {H«$`m_| àr{Vdmao h|. Amoa
{H$VZoH$Z²H$m| ñZohgm| àd¥{Îm hmo` ho. Vog| {H$VZ|H$Z²Ho$ ñd^mdgy§ {dê$Õ Xohm{XH$ _`m©XmH$[aH|$ {_l Omo nwï>Ord h| gmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwUHw§$ Om{Zdodmao h| AWm©V²
hmo` h| Amoa {H$VZ|H$Z²Ho$ ñd^mdHo$ AZwHy$b Xohm{hH$ hmo` h|, gmo Š`m| h|Ÿ? ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwUZ²_|hr AmgŠV aho h|. Eg| {_lnwï>Ho$ VrZ ôX h|. Amoa ewÕnwï> h|
BË`m{XH$ gÝXohZ²Hw§$ {_Q>m`doHo${bò nw{ï>OrdZ²H$mo {d^mJ H$hV h|Ÿ: gmo Ho$db ào_H$[aH|$ h|; AWm©V² ewÕnwï>OrdZ²H$m| ^JdmZ²_| AË`ÝV ào_ hmo` h|
Eg| ^ŠV A{VXwb©^ h|.
Vo {h {ÛYm ewÕ-{_l-ôXmZ² {_lmg² {ÌYm nwZ:Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
àdmhm{X-{dô X o Z ^JdV² - H$m`© { gX² Y ò Ÿ && Q>rH$m : BVZo {_lnwï> VWm ewÕnwï> Eg| Xmo àH$maHo$ nwï>Ord h| Vm_| {_lnwï>Ho$
nw ï ² > çm {d{_lm: gd© k m: àdmho U {H« $ `maVm:Ÿ&&15Ÿ&& _w»` VrZ ôX h|.
_`m© X `m Jw U kmñVo ew Õ m: ào å Um@{VXw b © ^ m:Ÿ&&
AWm©V² {OZHo$ D$na AZwJ«h ho Ego OrdHo$ D$na Xygamo AZwJ«h {_bo V~ ò
Ord "nw{ï>{_l nwï>Ord'1 H$ho Om` h|. AZwJ«h`wŠV Omo Ord hm|` gmo emómoŠV
VoŸ=Ÿdo, {hŸ=ŸAdí`hr àdmhoUŸ=Ÿàdmhgy§
kmZm{XH$ _`m©Xm_| àr{Vdmao hm|` gmo "_`m©Xm{_l nwï>Ord'2 H$ho Om` h|. Amoa
ewÕ-{_lôXmV²Ÿ=ŸewÕ Amoa {d{_lm:Ÿ=Ÿ{deofH$[aH|$ {_l àdmhH$[aH|$ {_{lV Omo nwï>Ord h| gmo {H«$`m_| hr àr{Vdmao hmo` h|. AWm©V²
{_lHo$ ôXgm|, pX²dYmŸ=ŸXmo` àH$maHo$ {H«$`maVm:Ÿ=Ÿ{H«$`m namÙ nÄMamÌm{XH$ VÝÌZ²_| Omo nyOmH$mo àdmh H$ømo ho dmhr àH$magy§ nyOm{XH$ {H«$`m
nwZ:Ÿ=ŸAmoa {\$a (Ÿ^dpÝVŸ=Ÿhm|` hoŸ) H$[ado_| àr{Vdmao Omo Ord h| gmo "àdmh{_l nwï>Ord'3 H$ho Om` h|.
^JdËH$m`©{gÕòŸ=Ÿ^JdV² H$m`©H$s- _`m©X`mŸ=Ÿ_`m©Xmgy§
219 220
*BVZ| àW_gy§ gm_mÝ` ar{Vgy§ {OZ OrdZ²Ho$ D$na AZwJ«h hmo` ho gmo {\$a
{deofmZwJ«hH$m| àmßV hmo` h| gmo "nw{ï>{_l nw{ï>Ord' OmZZ|. gmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ Ed§ gJ© ñ Vw Vo f m§ {h \$b§ ËdÌ {Zê$ß`Vo Ÿ &&16Ÿ&&
A{^àm`Vm§B g~ Om{Zdodmao hmo` h|. Amoa nw{ï>Ord _`m©Xm {_{lV hm|` gmo ^JdmZo d {h \$b§ g `Wm{d^© d o X ² ^w { dŸ&&
^JdmZ²Ho$ Y_©Hw§$ H$Nw>H$ Om{ZHo$ VrWm©Q>Z namÙ hmo` h|.
Jw U -ñdê$n-ô X o Z VWm Vo f m§ \$b§ ^do V ² Ÿ &&17Ÿ&&
àdm{hOrd nw{ï> {_{lV h| gmo ^JdmZ²H$o ÔZHo$ AZwH$y b {H«$`mHw$§ AZwg[adodmao
hmo` h|.ŸVWm àdm{hOrd _`m©Xm {_{lV h| gmo H$_© H$[adodmao hmo` h|.ŸAmoa
àdm{hOrd àdmh {_{lV h| gmo Ho$db bm¡{H$H${H«$`m_| àr{Vdmao hmo` h|, dohr Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ \$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$b, gŸ=Ÿdmo
AmgwarOrd H$ho Om`Ÿh|. Vofm§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$s, gJ©…Ÿ=Ÿg¥{ï> ^w{dŸ=Ÿn¥Ïdrno
VwŸ=ŸVmoŸ(Ÿ{Zê${nV§Ÿ=Ÿ{Zê${nV H$arŸ) JwUñdê$nôXoZŸ=ŸJwU Amoa-
Amoa _`m©Xm_mJu` nw{ï> {_{lV h| gmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ _mhmËå`Hw§$ Om{ZHo$ AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§, VwŸ=ŸVmo ñdê$nHo$ ôXgm|, `WmŸ=ŸOm àH$magm|
^JdmZ²H$s àr{VHo${bò H$_© H$[adodmao hmo` h|. VWm _`m©Xm_mJu` Ord _`m©Xm \$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$bH$mo Am{d^©doV²Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> hm|` ho
{_{lV h| gmo ñdJm©{XH$ \$bHo${bò H$_© H$[adodmao hmo` h|. Amoa _`m©Xm_mJu` {Zê$ß`VoŸ=Ÿ{Zê$nU H$ao h| VWmŸ=Ÿdm àH$magm|
Ord àdmh {_{lV h| gmo bm¡{H$H$ \$bHo${bò H$_© H$[adodmao hmo` h|. {hŸ=Ÿ{ZíM` Vofm§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHw§$, \$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$b
^JdmZ² EdŸ=Ÿ^JdmZ² hr ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho
Eg| {_lOrdHo$ Zd ôX h|. Amoa AË`ÝV ào_H$[aH|$ ^JdmZ² {gdm`
AÝ`ñ\y${V© a{hV h| gmo ewÕnwï>Ord h|. Ego ^ŠV A{V Xwb©^ h|. ^JdmZ²Ho$
^mdmW© : Eg| OrdZ²H$mo gJ© OwXmoŸ-ŸOwXmo ho. Vm_| nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²Ho$ \$bH$mo
a_UH$mo nmÌ `h OJV² ho Vmgy§ a_Uê$n ^JdmZ²H$mo H$m`© {gÕ hmo`doHo${bò Ego
{Zê$nU H$aV h|. nw{ï>_mJ©_| JwU Amoa ñdê$n Ho$ ôXH$[aH|$ ^JdmZ² Oog| àH$Q>
OwXo-OwXo àH$maHo$ OrdZ²H$s g¥{ï> ho. Š`m| Omo {d{MÌVm {dZm a_U {gÕ hmo`
hm|` Vog| nw{ï> OrdZ²H$m| \$b hmo` ho.
Zmht Vmgy§ {d{MÌ OrdZ²H$s g¥{ï> H$ar hoŸ&&151/2Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : BVZo ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$nhr_| AmgpŠVdmao Omo nwï>Ord h| {VZHo$ hX`_|

{deofŸ:Ÿ* Bhm§gy§ lrH$ë`mUamÒrH$s Q>rH$mHo$ AZwgma OrdZ²Ho$ ôX {bIo h|.
AWdm J¥h_| AWdm d¥ÝXmdZm{XH$ ñWmZ_| BZHw$§ AnZo ñdê$nH$mo AmZÝX XodHo $o {bò
~më`, H¡$emoam{XH$ AdñWm`wŠV ñdê$nH$[aH|$ ^JdmZ² Oog| àJQ> hmo` h| Vogmo
Eg| OrdZ²_| OwXoŸ-ŸOwXo ôX h|. Vmgy§ {dZHo$ Xoh VWm {H«$`m{XH$Z²_|hþ OwXmoŸ- gwI {VZH$m| àmßV hmo` ho. naÝVw g~ nw{ï>^ŠVZ²Hw§$ ^JdmZ²H$mo ñdê$nmZÝXmË_H$hr
ŸOwXmo ôX XrIdo_| Amdo ho. {VZ_| nw{ï>OrdZ²H$mo \$b H$m`mH$[aH|$ ho Eg| àW_ \$b {_bo hoŸ&&17Ÿ&&
{Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. Vm_| {H$VZoH$ ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ ^JdmZ²H$s ~më`mdñWmH$mo gwI {_bo
ho, {H$VZoH$Z²Hw§$ nm¡JÊS>mdñWmH$mo gwI {_bo ho Amoa {H$VZoH$Z²Hw§$ {H$emoam{XH$
Eg| nw{ï>_mJ©H$mo \$b AÝ` _mJ©gy§ Zmht {_bo ho Eg| {gÕ {H$`mo. A~
AdñWmH$mo gwI {_bo ho. Eg| ewÕnwï>Z²H$m|hþ OwXo-OwXo àH$maH$mo \$b XrIdo_|
{_lnwï> OrdZ²_| H$moC ñWb_| emn ^`mo hmo` Egmo XrIdo_| Amdo ho. gmo
Amdo ho. gmo ewÕnw{ï>^ŠVZ²H$m| OwXmo-OwXmo \$b Š`m| hmo`Ÿ? Egr e‘>m {_Q>m`doH$o {bò
J^©ñVw{V_| H$ømo ho Omo ""kmZ_mJu` Ord Oog| CÎm_ nXHw§$ M{T>Ho$ \o$[a dhm§gy§
H$hV h|Ÿ:
{JaV h| Vog| AmnHo$ ^ŠV H$~hþ Zmht {JaV h|''. V~ nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| emn
221 222
hmo`Ho$ {JaZmo `mo½` Zmht h| Vmo Š`m| {JaV h|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: _hmZw ^ mdm: àmò U emó§ ew Õ Ëdho V do Ÿ &&19Ÿ&&
AmgŠVm¡ ^JdmZo d emn§ Xmn`{V Šd{MV² Ÿ && VoŸ=Ÿdo àmòUŸ=ŸA{YH$ H$aHo$(ŸVoŸ=ŸdoŸ)

Ah‘>mao @ Wdm bmo H o $ VÝ_mJ© ñ WmnZm` {hŸ&&18Ÿ&& nmfÊS>Vm§Ÿ=ŸnmIÊS>nZoHw§$ _hmZw^mdm:Ÿ=Ÿ_hmZw^md
Z `mpÝVŸ=ŸàmßV Zmht hmo` h| (Ÿ^dpÝVŸ=Ÿhmo` h|Ÿ)
AmgŠVm¡Ÿ=ŸAmgpŠV hmo`dono MŸ=ŸAmoaŸ(ŸVofm§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHw$§ Ÿ) emó§Ÿ=ŸemóH$s
AWdmŸ=Ÿ`m, Ah‘>maoŸ=ŸA{^_mZ- Šd{MVŸ=ŸH$~hþH$ amoJmÚwnÐdm:Ÿ=ŸamoJ Am{X CnÐd ewÕËdhoVdoŸ=Ÿew{ÕHo$ H$maU
hmo`dono, bmoHo$Ÿ=Ÿ^yVbno ^JdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ² ZŸ=ŸZmht(Ÿ^dpÝVŸ=Ÿhmo` h|Ÿ) (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmodo h|Ÿ)
VÝ_mJ©ñWmnZm`Ÿ=Ÿdm _mJ©H$s Ed§Ÿ=ŸEg|, emn§Ÿ=Ÿemn
ñWmnZmHo${bò Xmn`{VŸ=Ÿ{Xdmdo h| ^mdmW© : {OZH$m| ^JdmZ² emn {Xdmd| h| do ^ŠV, \$m[a bmoH$-doX-^pŠV_mJ©gy§
{dê$Õ Zmht hm|` h|. VWm CZHw§$ amoJm{X CnÐdhþ Zmht hm|` h|. ~hmoVH$aHo$ do
^mdmW© : {_lnwï>OrdZ²H$m| AÝ`_| AmgpŠV hmo` AWdm Ah‘>ma hmo` Vmo H$moC _hmZw^md hmo` Om` h|. {dZHw§$ ^JdmZ² emnê$n Omo {ejm Xo` h| gmo Ho$db
g_` ^JdmZ²hr {dZH$m| emn {Xdmd| h|. Vog| H$moC g_` bmoH$_| _`m©XmH$mo {dZH$mo {_l^md {_Q>m`Ho$ ewÕào_r H$[adoHo${bòhr g_OZmo.
ñWmnZ H$[adoHo${bòhþ ^JdmZ² emn {Xdmd| h|.
Q>rH$m : {OZH$m| emn hmo` gmo ^ŠV nmfÊS>r Zmht hmo` h| {H$ÝVw AË`ÝV ^ŠV
Q>rH$m : BVZ| Oog| ZbHy$~a VWm _{UJ«rd Hw§$ Aßgam_| AmgpŠV ^B© V~ hm|` h|. Vmgy§hr ^JdmZ²Zohr XÊS> {X`mo ho Eg| OmZZm|. Vog| {dZHw§$ amoJm{XH$
ZmaXÛmam emn {Xdm`mo. Vog| {MÌHo$VwHw§$ VWm nar{jVHw§$ Ah‘>ma ^`mo V~ CnÐdhþ Zmht hmo` h|. ~hþVH$[aHo$ do _hmZw^md hmo` h|. Vmgy§ AÝ`Ho${bò ^JdmZ²
{MÌHo$VwHw§$ nmd©VrOrÛmam Amoa nar{jVHw§$ e_rH$Ho$ nwÌ e¥“rÛmam emn {Xdm`mo. ^ŠVZ²H$m| Xw:I X|` h| ò Xmofhþ Zmht ho. VWm{n AënH$maU_| BVZmo XÊS> XoZmo
Amoa BÝÐÚwåZ amOmZo AJñË`_w{Z Amò V~ Aä`wËWmZm{XH$ {H$`mo Zmht V~ H¥$nmbw à^wHw§$ `mo½` Zmht ho Eg| H$moC H$ho Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo ^JdmZ² emn {Xdmd|
bmoH$_| _`m©XmH$mo ñWmnZ H$[adoHo${bò AJñË`Ûmam emn {Xdm`mo. Eg| Ohm§ h| gmo {_lnwï>Z²H$m| ewÕnwï> H$[adoHo${bò {Xdmdo h|. `{X ^JdmZ² {dZH$m| emn
{_lnwï>OrdZ²H$m| emnm{XH$ (ŸAnamYŸ?Ÿ) hmo` ho, (Ÿdhm§Ÿ) ^JdmZ²hr {VZH$m| XÊS> Zmht {Xdmd| Vmo {dZHo$ {_lnZoH$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo` Zmht, V~ ewÕnwï>nZmo hmo` Zmht.
{Xdm`H|$ \o$[a nw{ï>_mJ©hr_| ñWmnZ H$ao h|; AWdm bmoH$_| _`m©XmH$mo A{VH«$_ Z Vmgy§ ewÕnwï>nZm| H$[adoHo${bò emn {Xdmdo h| Vm_| {dZH$m| \$bXodoH$s H¥$nmhr
hmo` Vmgy§hþ emn{Xdmdo h|Ÿ&&18Ÿ&& H$maU hoŸ&&19Ÿ&&
{_lnwï>Z²H$m| ^JdmZ²hr emn {Xdmd| h| Eg| Š`m| Om{Z`|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo` {_l nwï>^ŠVZ²_| {OZH$m| ewÕ H$[adoH$s BÀN>m ho {dZH$m| CÎm_ H$hZo
Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: M{hò V~ EgoZ²Hw§$ Egmo ^md Š`m| ^`moŸ? Eg| H$moC H$ho Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
Z Vo nmfÊS>Vm§ `mpÝV Z M amo J mÚw n Ðdm:Ÿ&& ^JdV²-VmaVåòZ VmaVå`§ ÔpÝV {hŸ&&

223 224
d¡{XH$Ëd§Ÿ=Ÿd¡{XH$nZm|Ÿ(MŸ=ŸAmoa) d¡îUdËd§Ÿ=Ÿd¡îUdnZmo
^JdÎmmaVåòZŸ=Ÿà^wHo$ ñdê$nHo$ VmaVå`§Ÿ=ŸVaŸ-ŸV_ ^mdHw§$ bm¡{H$H$Ëd§Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$nZm| {hŸ=Ÿhr, ghO§Ÿ=ŸghO
VmaVå`gm|, (ŸVoŸ=ŸdoŸ){hŸ=Ÿhþ ÔpÝVŸ=ŸàmßV hmodo h| H$mnQ²çmV²Ÿ=ŸH$nQ>gy§Ÿ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho) AÝ`ÌŸ=ŸAÝ` g~ OJh
AÝ`Wm = Amoa Vahgy§ VV:Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§, {dn`©`:Ÿ=Ÿ{déÕŸ
^mdmW© : ""`XoH$_ì`ŠV_ZÝVê$n§'' `m lw{Vgm| _mbw_ n‹S>o ho Ho$ ^JdmZ² AZoH$ (ApñV=ho)
ê$ndmaohþ h|. Vmgm| ^JdmZ² Oogo-Oogo ñdê$nôXH$mo ñdrH$ma H$ao h|, {dZHo$ ^ŠVhþ
dogo-dogo ^mdHo$ VmaVå`H$m| J«hU H$a|Ÿh|. ^mdmW© : nwï>^ŠVZ²_| d¡{XH${H«$`m Amoa bm¡{H$H${H«$`m ho gmo H$nQ>nZogy§ ho,
AmgpŠVnZogy§ Zmht ho. Amoa d¡îUdnZmo ho gmo {dZH$mo ñd^mdhr ho. naÝVw _`m©Xm
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ² AZÝVê$n h| Vmgy§ Om ^JdËñdê$n_| ^pŠVdmao {_lnwï>Ord Ord Amoa bm¡{H$H$ OrdZ² _| `mgy§ {dê$Õ hmo` ho. AWm©V² d¡îUdnZmo H$nQ>nZogy§
hm|` dm ñdê$n_| {OVZmo VmaVå` hmo` {dVZmo VmaVå` Ordhþ ^wJVo h|. BVZ|, Amoa d¡{XH$nZmo ñd^mdgy§ VWm d¡îUdnZmo H$nQ>nZog§y Amoa ì`dhmamgpŠV ñd^mdgy§
ì`yh_|, H$bm_|, Amdoe_| Amoa nyU©_| gy§ {OZ_| {dZH$s ^pŠV hmo` {VZ g~Z²Ho$ hmo` ho
VmaVå`gy§ {_lnwï>^ŠVH$mohþ VmaVå` hmo` ho. Vmgy§hr g‘>f©UHo$ CnmgH$ {MÌHo$Vw
nmd©VrHo$ emngy§ d¥Ìmgwa hmo`Ho$ BÝÐgy§ O~ `wÕ H$aV hVo V~ {dZZo g‘>f©UHo$ Q>rH$m : gmo JrVmOr_| H$ømo ho Omo ""H$_©_| AmgpŠVdmao AkmZr OZ Oog| H$_©
MaU_|hr _ZH$mo {Zdoe {H$`mo hVmo. Amoa BÝÐÚwåZamOm {ZJw©Uñdê$nHo$ CnmgH$ H$a| h| Vog| H$_©_| AmgŠV Z hmo` gmohþ bmoH$H$m| {ejm XodoHo${bò H$ao''. gmo
hVo , gmo AJñË`_w { ZHo $ emngy § JOo Ý Ð ^ò V~hþ ñVw { V_| (Ÿ{dZZ| Ÿ ) AnwZmo ^ŠVnZmo JwßV am{IdoHo${bò d¡{XH$H$_© VWm bm¡{H$H$H$_© H$[aHo$ AnZmo
{ZJw©U(Ÿñdê$nŸ)H$mohr dU©Z {H$`mo ho. Vog| ^JdmZ²H$mo ñdê$n VWm {dZHo$ ÔZHo$ d¡{XH$nZmo VWm bm¡{H$H$nZmo OVmdo. Vog|hr ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ hþ d¡{XH$Ÿ-Ÿbm¡{H$H$ H$_©
àH$maHo$ VmaVå`gy§ ^ŠVZ²H$m| \$b_|hþ VmaVå` hmo` ho. BVZ| Oogr ^pŠV hmo` H$[adoH$mo H$Nw> à`moOZ Zmht hmoV ho, VWm{n {dZHw§$ Xo{IHo$ Xygao bmoJhþ d¡{XH$
Vogmo ^JdËñdê$nH$mo Am{d^m©d hmo` ho Amoa dmhr à_mU \$b hmo` hoŸ&&191/2&& VWm bm¡{H$H$ _`m©Xm_| ah| Vmgy§ H$aZmo, naÝVw AmgpŠVgy§ H$aZm| Zmht. ""H$nQ>nZogy§
H$aZmo'' Eg| Omo H$ømo ho VmH$mo òhr A{^àm` ho.
nwï>^ŠVZ²H$m| O~ Ho$db ^JdËnamÙnZmohr ho V~ {dZH$m| lm¡V-ñ_mV©
H$_m©MaU H$V©ì` ho qH$dm ZmhtŸ? Vog| Omo ^ŠV lm¡V-ñ_mV© H$_© H$aV h| gmo VWm _`m©Xm_mJu` OrdZ²H$mo d¡îUdnZmo VWm bm¡{H$H$nZmo H$nQ>gy§hr hmo`
Š`m| H$aV h|Ÿ? Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò A~ nwï>OrdH$mo ñdê$n Om{Zdo_| Amdo ho Amoa d¡{XH$nZmo (Ÿ_`m©Xm_mJu`nZmoŸ) ñdm^m{dH$ ho. Amoa àdmhr OrdZ²H$mo
Vog| {dZH$mo bjU H$hV h|. Vmgy§ dmhr àg“gm| g~Z²H$mo bjU H$hV h|Ÿ: d¡îUdnZmo VWm d¡{XH$nZmo H$nQ>nZogy§ ho Amoa bm¡{H$H$nZmo ñdm^m{dH$ hoŸ&&201/
2
Ÿ&&
d¡ { XH$Ëd§ bm¡ { H$H$Ëd§ H$mnQ² ç mV² Vo f w ZmÝ`WmŸ&&20Ÿ&&
d¡ î UdËd§ {h ghO§ VVmo @ Ý`Ì {dn`© ` :Ÿ&& nw{ï>, àdmh Amoa _`m©Xm Eg| VrZ àH$maHo$ O~ Ord h| V~ {H$VZoH$ g~Z²_|
g_mZÑ{ï>dmao Amoa g~ Y_©Z²_| A{^{Zdoedmao Š`m| XrIdo_| AmdV h|Ÿ? Eg|
VofŸw =Ÿ{dZ_| ZŸ=ŸZmht(ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
225 226
gå~pÝYZñVw ò Ordm: àdmhñWmg² VWm@nao Ÿ &&21Ÿ&&
"Mf© U r'eãX-dmÀ`mg² Vo Vo gd} gd© - dË_© g w Ÿ && àdmhñWmZ² àdú`m{_ ñdê$nm“-{H« $ `m`w V mZ² Ÿ &&23Ÿ&&
jUmV² gd©Ëd_² Am`mpÝV é{Mg² Vofm§ Z Hw$Ì{MV²Ÿ&&22Ÿ&& OrdmñVo ømgw a m: gd} ""àd¥ q Îm Mo { V'' d{U© V m:Ÿ&&
Vo f m§ {H« $ `m@Zw g mao U gd© Ì gH$b§ \$b_² Ÿ && Vo M {ÛYm àH$sË`© Ý Vo øk-Xw k © - {dô X V:Ÿ&&24Ÿ&&
Xw k m© ñ Vo ^JdËàmo Š Vm økmg² VmZ² AZw ò nw Z :Ÿ&&
òŸ=ŸOmo, gå~pÝYZ:Ÿ=Ÿgå~ÝYdmao "MfuUr'eÛdmÀ`m:="MfuUr'Zm_gy§-
Ordm:Ÿ=ŸOrd, VWmŸ=ŸAmoa(ò=OmoŸ) nhoMmZo Om§` h| ñdê$nm“-{H«$`m-`wVmZ²Ÿ=Ÿñdê$n- àdú`m{_Ÿ=ŸAmN>rŸ^m§{Vgm|ŸH$hÿ§Jmo
àdmhñWm:Ÿ=Ÿàdmh_mJ©_|ŸahoŸ^ò VoŸ=Ÿdo, gd}Ÿ=Ÿg~ OJh A“ Amoa {H«$`m g{hV VoŸ=Ÿdo, gd}Ÿ=Ÿg^r
AnamŸ=ŸXygao(ŸOrdmOm§` h| gd©dË_©gwŸ=Ÿg~Vahgy§ ~aVdodmao àdmhñWmZ²Ÿ=Ÿàdmh_mJuZ²Hw§$ Ordm…Ÿ=ŸOrd, {hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§
Vo = do, Vw=Vmo, gd}=g^r jUmV²Ÿ=ŸjUâ, gd©Ëd§Ÿ=Ÿgd©nZoHw§$ Amgwam…Ÿ=ŸAmgwa (ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) {ÛYm=Xmo àH$maHo$
Am`mpÝVŸ=ŸàmßV hmo` h| gd©ÌŸ=Ÿg~ OJh,ŸVofm§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHw§$ àd¥qÎm MŸ=Ÿàd¥{Îm Amoa àH$sË`©ÝVoŸ=ŸH$ho Om§` h|Ÿ(òŸ=ŸOmo)
Vofm§Ÿ=ŸCZH$s, é{M:Ÿ=Ÿé{M {H«$`mZwgmaoUŸ=Ÿ{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma B{VŸ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ ^JdËàmoŠVm:Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²ÛmamŸH$hoŸJòŸh|
Hw$Ì{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$hþ§, ZŸ=ŸZmht gH$b§Ÿ=ŸgH$b, \$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$b d{U©Vm…Ÿ=Ÿd{U©V VoŸ=Ÿdo, Xwkm©:Ÿ=ŸXwk©
(Ÿ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV hoŸ) (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ) (ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) MŸ=ŸAmoa òŸ=ŸOmo, nwZ:Ÿ=Ÿ{\$a
Ak-Xwk©{dôXV:Ÿ=ŸAk VmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHw§$, AZwŸ=ŸAZwH$aUŸh|
^mdmW© : nw{ï>, àdmh Amoa _`m©Xm ò VrZm| _mJ©Z²gy§ gå~ÝYdmao (Ÿ_mJ©Ho$ ZmhtŸ) Amoa Xwk© Ego ôXgy§ Vo=do, Akm:=Ak h|
Omo Ord h| Amoa {dZgy§hþ hrZ Xygao Omo àdm{hOrd h| gmo g~ _mJ©_| jUŸ-ŸjU_|
Amd|-Omd| h|. naÝVw H$moC _mJ©_| {dZH$s é{M hmoV Zmht ho. {dZH$m| Oogr {H«$`m ^mdmW© : ñdê$n Xoh {H«$`mgy§ `wŠV àdmh_mJu` OrdZ²Hw§$ _¢ H$hþ§Jmo. ""àd¥qÎm M
H$ao Vmà_mU g~ _mJ©Z²_| {H$pÄMV²Ÿ-Ÿ{H$pÄMV² \$b hmo` ho. {Zd¥qÎm M OZm Z {dXwamgwam:'' BË`m{X íbmoH$Z²gm| JrVmOr_| {OZH$mo dU©Z
^JdmZ²Zo {H$`mo ho do g~ "Amgwa' (ŸàdmhrŸ) Ord h|. do Ord Ak Amoa Xwk© BZ
Q>rH$m : BVZo nÄMamÌ_| _Ü`_ Amoa AY_ Ord H$h| h| gmo ò "Mf©UrOrd' H$ho Xmo ôXZ²gm| Xmo àH$maHo$ H$ho h| `h {ZíM` ho. Omo Ord CZ AmgwaZ²H$mo AZwH$aU
Om` h|. {dZH$s J{V `_Ho$ AmYrZ ho. {dZ_|gy§ Omo VrZm| _mJ©Ho$ gå~ÝYdmao Ord H$a| h| do "Ak' H$ho Om§` h|.
h| gmo OÝ_-_aUhr {b`mo H$aV h|. Amoa àdm{h_| h| {VZH$s J{V ZaH$_|
hoŸ&&221/2Ÿ&& Q>rH$m : BVZ|, ^JdmZ²Z| JrVmOrHo$ fmoS>emÜ`m_| ""AmgwarOrd àd¥{Îm-{Zd¥{ÎmHw§$
Zmht OmZo h|'' Bhm§gy§ Amaå^ H$[aHo$ ""Vm nmN>| AY_J{VHw§$ àmßV hmo` h|'' `hm§
Eg| àg“gy§ AmB© ^B© g~ hH$sH$V H${hHo$ àdmhH$mo ôX H«$_gy§ àmßV ^`mo Vm§B© {OZ OrdZ²H$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho gmo g~ AmgwarOrd h|. {VZ_| g~ bjU
ho VmH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: `Ú{n g~Z²_| Z hm|` VWm{n {OVZo bjU {bIo h| {VZ_|gy§ H$Nw>H$ bjUdmaohþ
Ord hm|` Vmohþ AmgwaOrd OmZZ|. gmo Ord Ak Amoa Xwk© Ego ôXgy§ Xmo àH$maHo$
227 228
h|. Vm_| JrVmOr_| ^JdmZ²Z| {OZH$mo ñdê$n {b»`mo ho gmo "Xwk©' OmZZ|. Amoa {dZ
Xwk© OrdZ²Hw§$ AZwg[adodmao Omo Ord h| gmo "Ak' OmZZ|. gmo Ak OrdZ²Hw§$ Xwk©Z²Ho$ Q>rH$m : BVZ|, nw{ï>_mJu` Ord `{X àdmh_| Am` Omdo Vmohþ àdmhrZ²_| AmJ_Z
g“gy§ ^JdmZ² VWm ^ŠVZ²_| Ûof ^`mo hmo` gmo Ûof O~ Ny>Q>o V~ AnZr àH¥${V_| ^ògy§ do AmgwaY_©gm| `wŠV Zmht hmo` h|. Amoa ^JdX² AnamY AWdm ^ŠVZ²H$mo
Am` Om` h|. {dZH$m| ^JdmZ²Ho$ g“ Ûof hmo` V~ `{X ^JdmZ² ñd`§ _ma| V~ AnamY {H$`mo hmo` Vmo Ego H$_©H$[aH|$ AmgwaHw$b_| OÝ_ hmo` ho. naÝVw,
_wŠV hm|`. Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²Zo _mao Ego OmoŸ-ŸOmo Agwa _wŠV ^ò h| gmo g~ Ak AmgwaY_© {dZ_| Zmht Amdo ho. Amoa OÝ_ hmoZm| gmo Vmo H$_©gy§ hmo` ho. òhr
OmZZ|Ÿ&&241/2&& {Z~ÝY_| ^pŠVàH$aU_| H$ømo ho Omo ""`m ^pŠV_mJ©_|hþ doXH$s {ZÝXm H$a| AWdm
AY_© H$a| Vmo ZaH$_| Vmo àmßV Z hmo` naÝVw hrZ `mo{Z_| OÝ_ hmo`''Ÿ&&251/2&&
D$naHo$ {Zê$nU_| àmdm{hH$gJ© Amgwa Amoa hrZ H$ømo ho. V~ Egr Amgwa
g¥{ï>_| Vmo Amgwa OrdH$shr CËn{Îm hmoZr M{hò, ^JdmZ²Ho$ AZwJ«h`mo½` OrdZ²H$s Bhm§gy§ AJm‹S>r àdmh_mJu` OrdZ²Ho$ à`moOZ, ñdê$n, gmYZ, A“, {H«$`m
CËn{Îm Zmht hmoZr M{hòŸ! Amoa ~{bamOm VWm àôbmX Am{XH$H$s CËn{Îm Amoa \$b VWm _`m©Xm_mJu` OrdZ²Ho$ à`moOZ, ñdê$n, A“, {H«$`m, gmYZ Amoa
Amgwar Hw$b_| Xo{Ido_| AmdV ho, Amoa {dZHo$ D$na ^JdmZ²H$mo AZwJ«hhþ Xo{Ido_| \$b {dfo {OVZo J«ÝWgy§ Om{Zdo_| Amd| {VVZm| J«ÝW hmoZmo M{hò. naÝVw AmYw{ZH$
AmdV ho gmo Ho$g|Ÿ? Eg| OmZdoH$s H$moCHw$ BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: OrdZ²Ho$ àmaãYde Bhm§gy AJm‹S>r J«ÝW {_bo Zmht ho `mgy§ {OVZmo J«ÝW {_bo ho
{VVZoH$mo ì`m»`mZ {b»`mo ho (ŸEg| lrnwéfmoÎm_Or {bIV h|Ÿ).
àdmho @ {n g_mJË` nw { ï>ñWg² V¡ a ² Z `w Á `Vo Ÿ &&25Ÿ&&
gmo @ {n V¡ g ² VËHw $ bo OmV: H$_© U m Om`Vo `V:Ÿ&& B{V lrdëb^mMm`© {da{MV nw{ï>àdmh_`m©XmH$s
Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbmOr_hmamO {da{MV
Ÿ&& B{V lrdëbm^mMm`©{da{MV: nw{ï>àdmh_`m©XmôX: gånyU©: Ÿ&& Q>rH$m d«O^mfm_| gånyU© ^B©Ÿ&&
nw{ï>ñW:Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©_|ŸaømoŸ^`mo V¡:Ÿ=Ÿ{dZgy§Ÿ (ŸZŸ=ŸZmht

àdmhoŸ=Ÿàdmh_mJ©_| `wÁ`VoŸ=Ÿ{_{bOm` hoŸ)
g_mJË`Ÿ=ŸAm`Ho$, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ `V:Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$
V¡:Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHo$Ÿ(ŸghŸ=ŸgS²>J) H$_©Um:Ÿ=ŸH$_©Z²gy§
Z=Zmht, `wÁ`Vo={_{bOm` hoŸ VËHw$boŸ=Ÿdm Hw$b_|
g:Ÿ=Ÿdmo, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ OmV:Ÿ=ŸO³å`moŸ(ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
^mdmW© : Omo nw{ï>_mJu` Ord h| gmo ^JdmZ²H$mo AWdm ^ŠVH$mo AnamY H$a| Vmo
AmgwaHw$b_| {dZH$mo OÝ_ hmo` ho. VWm{n àdmh_| Am`H|$hþ do AmgwaY_©_|
AmgŠV Zmht hmo` h|.
229 230
&& {gÕmÝVahñ`_² Ÿ&& ^mdmW© :lmdU_mgHo$ ewŠbnj_|, EH$mXer {V{W_|, _Üàm{ÌHo$ g_` gmjmV²
^JdmZ²Z| AnZo A{^àm`nyd©H$ Omo H$ømo ho gmo EH$-EH$ Ajagy§ `m J«ÝW_|
(10)
H$ømo Om` ho.
O~ lrR>mHw$aOrZ| AnZo _Z_| BpÀN>V àH$madmamo ewÕ nw{ï>_mJ© àH$Q>
H$[adoH$s BÀN>m H$ar V~, AnZo _wIma{dÝXê$n lrAmMm`©Or lr_hmà^yOrZ²H$mo
hr Egmo ^pŠV_mJ© àH$Q> H$[adoH$mo gm_Ï`© Om{ZHo$, n¥ÏdrHo$ D$na àH$Q> Q>rH$m : ldU ZjÌHo$ XodVm {dîUw h|. gmo ldU ny{U©_mHo$ {XZ AWdm ny{U©_mH$s
hmo`doH$s Amkm XrZr. V~ lrAmMm`©Orhþ ^JdmZ²H$mo A{^àm` Om{ZHo$, {dZH$s gpÝZ{hV {V{W_| Amdo ho Vmgy§ "lmdU_mg' H$ømo Om` ho. BVZ|, ldU ZjÌ
AmkmHo$ AZwgma àH$Q> hmo`Ho$, ^JdmZ²H$mo BpÀN>V àH$madmamo nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ© {dîUwgå~pÝY ho. dmHo$ gå~ÝYgy§hr _mgH$mo Zm_ "lmdU' ^`mo ho. Vmgy§ _mgH$mo
àH$Q> H$aVo ^ò. Vm_| AnZo _mJ©H$s ^pŠVH$mo ñdê$n, goì` à^wH$mo ñdê$n; ^JdËgå~pÝYnZm| OVm`mo ho. Amoa "ewŠbnj' H$hoZmo M{hò VmHo$ ñWmZno
VWm godmH$mo àH$ma H$hþ§ Xygao _mJ©Z²Ho$ àH$maV| {_b Z Omdo VmHo${bò à_mUnyd©H$ "A_bnj' H${hdoH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ njdmao g~ {ZXw©ï> hmo` h|,
{dbjUVmgy§ {Zê$nU {H$`mo. Eg| Xygaohþ Y_©, AW©, H$m_ Amoa _moj ò Mmam| H$mhþ àH$maH$mo Xmof {dZ_| Zmht hmoV ho. Amoa EH$mXe BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ XmofH$s {Zd¥{Îm
nwéfmW© VWm Ë`mJ-{ddoH$m{XH$ hþ Xygao _mJ©gy§ {^ÝZ {Zê$nU {H$ò h|. VWm{n H$[adodmar EH$mXer {V{W ho. Vmgy§ dmhr {V{W_| lrR>mHw$aOrZo CnXoe {H$`mo ho.
nyOm_mJ©_| Xmof{Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò ^yVew{Õ à^¥{V Oog| {H$ò Om` h| Vog| ñd_mJ©_| Amoa lrJmoHw$bHo$ AÝVa“ ^ŠVZ²H$m| gd© nwéfmW©H$s {g{ÕHo${bò Oogo _Üàm{ÌHo$
gd©XmofH$s {Zd¥{Îmnyd©H$ godmHo$ àH$maH$mo {dMma Zmht {H$`mo ho -ŸEg| {MÝVm g_` àmXw^m©d ho, Vog| Bhm§hþ lrAmMm`©OrHo${bò àH$Q> hmo`Ho$, {dZHo$ Ûmam
H$[aHo$ O~ lrAmMm`©Or {dMma_| namÙ ^ò V~ AmZÝX_mÌ H$a-nmX- VXr` ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ gd© nwéfmW© {gÕ H$[adoHo${bò _Üàm{ÌHo$ g_` àH$Q> ^ò h|.
_wImoXam{Xê$n lrR>mHw$aOr àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ godm_| à{V~ÝY H$[adodmao XmofZ²H$s lrJmoHw$b_| Oog| ì`yh a{hV gmjmV² nyU© nwéfmoÎm_H$mohr àmH$Q²ç hmo`H|$ ^ŠVZ²H$mo
{Zd¥{ÎmH$mo `WmW© àH$ma Om_| Am` Om` ho; Amoa Oog| AJm‹S>rhþ OrdZ n`©ÝV A{^b{fV {H$`mo ho, Vog| Bhm§hþ ^ŠVZ²H$mo A{^b{fV {gÕ hmo`doHo${bò nyU©
godm_| XmofH$mo àdoe Z hmo` Vog| CnXoe H$aV ^ò. dmhr CnXoeHw$ AnZo öX`_| nwéfmoÎm_H$mo àmH$Q²>ç ho Eg| OVm`doH$o {bò "gmjmV²' nX H$ømo ho. Amoa godH$Ûmam,
g_{PHo$ Om _mg_|, Om nj_|, Om {V{W_| Amoa Om g_`_| lrR>mHw$aOrZ| CnXoe ñdßZÛmam qH$dm AmH$medmUrÛmam CnXoe Zmht {H$`mo ho {H$ÝVw lrAmMm`©OrH$s
{H$`mo gmo g~ AnZo ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ OVm`doHo${bò H$hV h|Ÿ: àmW©ZmHo$ {dZmhr gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_ê$n àJQ> hmo`H|$ ~«÷gå~ÝYê$n gmYZH$mo
CnXoe {H$`mo ho.
lmdUñ`m@_bo njo EH$mXí`m§ _hm{Z{eŸ&&
Amoa ewŠbnj_| Oog| {XZ-{XZ à{V MÝÐH$s H$bm A{YH$ hmo` ho Vog|
gmjmX² ^JdVm àmo Š V§ VXjae CÀ`Vo Ÿ &&1Ÿ&&
~«÷gå~ÝYgy§ XohHo$ XmofŸ- BVZo Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Xmof -{Zd¥Îm hmo`H|$ {XZŸ-Ÿ{XZ
à{V A{YH$ ewÕVm hmo`Jr. VWm EH$mXerHo$ {XZ Cndmg hmo` ho. VmH$[aH|$
lmdUñ`Ÿ=ŸlmdUHo$ gmjmV²Ÿ=ŸgmjmV² (Ÿ`V²Ÿ=ŸOmoŸ) kmZopÝÐ` nm§M, nm§M H$_}pÝÐ` Amoa EH$ _Z Eg| EH$mXe BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ Xmof {Zd¥Îm
A_boŸA_b, njoŸ=Ÿnj_| àmoŠV§Ÿ=ŸH$ømo hmo` h| -ò AmÜ`mpË_H$ XmofH$s {Zd¥{Îm H$hr ho. Amoa AnZo ^ŠVZ²H$m| ñdê$nmZÝXH$mo
EH$mXí`m§Ÿ=ŸEH$mXerHw§$ VX²Ÿ=Ÿdmo XmZ H$[adoHo${bò VWm BZH$s ajm H$[adoHo${bò _Üàm{ÌHo$ g_` à^w àH$Q> ^ò
_hm{Z{eŸ=Ÿ_Üàm{Ì_| Ajae:Ÿ=ŸAja-Aja h| Vmgy§ _Üàm{ÌH$mo g_` Am{YX¡{dH$ XmofZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm H$[adodmamo ho. Eg|
~«÷gå~ÝY H$[adodmao OrdZ²_| VrZ àH$maHo$ Xmof g~ {Zd¥Îm hmo` h| Eg| OVm`mo
^JdVmŸ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Ûmam CÀ`VoŸ=ŸH${hdo_| Amdo ho
ho.
{gÕmÝVahñ`_² {gÕmÝVahñ`_²
231 232
XohOrd`mo:Ÿ=ŸXohŸAmoaŸOrdŸHo$ O{ZV
lrR>mHw$aOrZo Omo dmŠ` H$ho h| {dZHo$ A{^àm`ê$n `h J«ÝW ho Eg| àmMrZ gd©Xmof{Zd¥{Îm:Ÿ=Ÿg~ XmofZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm g§`moJOm:Ÿ=Ÿg§`moJgy§ O{ZV
Q>rH$mH$maZ²H$mo A{^àm` ho. Amoa lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo {hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVhrŸ(Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ) MŸ=ŸAmoa
EH$mXeñH$ÝY_| {ÛVr`mÜ`m`_| H${d`moJoídaZo VWm V¥Vr`mÜ`m`_| à~wÕ`moJoídaZo Xmofm:Ÿ=ŸXmof ñne©Om:Ÿ=Ÿñne©gy§ O{ZV
g~ ^JdmZ² H $m| An© U H$[ado H $mo {b»`mo ho , Vo g | ½`mah_| AÜ`m`_|
nÄM{dYm:Ÿ=Ÿnm§M àH$maHo$ H$WÄMZŸ=ŸH$moB^r Vahgy§
gXmÑV(Ÿ=ŸgËnwéfZ²Z| OmH$mo AmXa {H$`mo ho gmoŸ) ^pŠVH$mo {Zê$nU ho, Vhm§
XmgnZogy§ AmË_{ZdoXZ H$[adoH$mo {b»`mo ho; Amoa CÝZrg_| AÜ`m`_| ñ_¥Vm:Ÿ=Ÿh| (Ÿh[agodm`m§Ÿ=Ÿà^wH$s godm_|,
_h{Û_¥½`(Ÿ=Ÿ_hËnwéfZ²H$m| Ty>{§ T>do `mo½`Ÿ) ^pŠV`moJH$mo {Zê$nU ho, dhm§hþ ^JdÕ_©H$o bmoH$-doX{Zê${nVm:Ÿ=ŸbmoH$- à{V~ÝYH$m:Ÿ=Ÿà{V~ÝYH$Ÿ)
A{YH$maê$n AmË_{ZdoXZ {b»`mo ho; {dZH$mohr AZwdmX `m J«ÝW_| hmo`Jmo Egr doX_| {Zê${nV ZŸ=ŸZ, _ÝVì`m:Ÿ=Ÿ_mZZo
e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò ~«÷gå~ÝYH$s AmkmH$mo _mg, nj, {V{W à^¥{V H$ømo
ho. ^mdmW© : ~«÷gå~ÝY H$[adogy§ g~Z²Ho$ Xoh Amoa Ord Ho$ g~ XmofZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm
hmo` ho. gmo Xmof nm§M àH$maHo$ à{gÕ h|. ghO Xmof, Xoegy§ CËnÝZ ^ò Xmof,
Amoa lrR>mHw$aOrZo àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ nÄMmja _ÝÌ VWm dmH$s Q>rH$mê$n JÚ H$mbgy§ CËnÝZ ^ò Xmof, g§`moJgy§ ^ò Xmof Amoa ñne©gy§ ^ò Xmof -ŸEg| nm§M
VWm íbmoH$ê$n ò dmŠ` H$ho h|. {VZ_|gy§ nÄMmja _ÝÌ VWm dmH$s Q>rH$mê$n àH$maHo$ Xmof bmoH$_| VWm doX_| {Zê$nU {H$ò h|. AWdm ghOXmof, XofŸ-ŸH$mbgy§
JÚ_ÝÌ, _ÝÌar{VHo$ AZwgma JyT> amIZo M{hò Vmgy§ {dZHw§$ Zmht H$ho h|. Amoa CËnÝZ ^ò Xmof, bmoH$ VWm doX _| {Zê$nU {H$ò Ego Xmof, g§`moJgy ^ò Xmof
{gÕmÝVê$n íbmoH$ Omo lrR>mHw$aOrZ| H$ho h| gmo `m J«ÝW_| {bIo h|Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& Amoa ñne©gy§ ^ò Xmof -Eg| nm§M àH$maHo$ Xmof h|. gmo H$mhþ ar{Vgy§ Zmht _mZZo.
Ego lrR>mHw$aOrZo Om g_` CnXoe {H$`mo ho dm g_`H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ Q>rH$m : `hm§ lrnwéfmoÎm_Ho$ g§J ~hmoV H$mbgy§ {Vamo{hV ^`mo gå~ÝY \o$[a àH$Q>
ñd_mJu` godmHo$ à{V~ÝYê$n Omo AgmYmaU Xmof h| {VZH$s {Zd¥{ÎmH$mo àH$ma hmo` ho VWm{n dmH$mo Zm_ "~«÷gå~ÝY' ho VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo Oog| ~«÷
Omo ^JdmZ²Z| H$ømo ho gmo H$hV h|Ÿ: {ZXm}f Amoa gd©Ì g_mZ ho Vog| `h gå~ÝYhþ {ZXm}f VWm g_mZ hmo` ho.
~« ÷ gå~ÝY-H$aUmV² gd} f m§ Xo h Ord`mo : Ÿ&& - Xoh nÄM_hm^yVZ²H$mo ho Amoa nÄM_hm^yVZ²_| ^JdmZ²H$mo gå~ÝY Z
gd© X mo f -{Zd¥ { Îma² {h Xmo f m… nÄM{dYm… ñ_¥ V m…Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& hmo`dogy§ Xmof hmo` ho. gmo nyOm _mJ©_| Omo ^yVewÕçm{XH$gy§ {Zd¥Îm hmo`
ghOm… Xo e -H$mbmo Ë Wm… bmo H $-do X -{Zê${nVm…Ÿ&& ho gmo "ghOXmof' ho.
g§ ` mo J Om… ñne© O míM Z _ÝVì`m… H$WÄMZŸ&&3Ÿ&& - Amoa nyOmHo$ ñWmZ_| ^yVm{XH$Z²H$mo AngaU H$ao h| Amoa AmgZm{XH$H$s
ew{Õ H$ao h| gmo "XoeXmof' H$ho Om` h|.
- V|g| àmV:H$mbH$mo hmo_ H$[aHo$ AWdm ~«÷`k H$[aHo$ AWdm _mÜ`mpôZH$
~«÷gå~ÝYH$aUmV²Ÿ=Ÿ~«÷gå~ÝY ghOm:ŸghO
H$_© H$[aHo$ nwéfmoÎm_H$mo nyOZ H$aZmo Eg| "_ÝÌamOŸ-ŸAZwï>w n'Ho$ {dYmZH$mo
H$[adogy§, gd}fm§Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²Ho$ Xoe-H$mbmoËWm:Ÿ=ŸXoe-H$mbgy§ dmŠ` ho. Vmgy§ Xygao H$mb_| nyOm H$[ado_| "H$mbXmof' Amdo ho.
233 234
- Amoa ""nyOm{XH$gy§ ~«÷bmoH$ {_bo ho'' Egmo dmŠ` ho. Vmgy§ nyOmgy§ - gmo g~ Xmof bmoH$ VWm doX _| H$ho h|. Oog| Ho$e, ^ñ_ à^¥VrZ²gy§ Xy{fV
~«÷bmoH$ àmßV hmo`. \o$[a ""~«÷bmoH$ n`©ÝV nwZamd¥{Îm hmo` ho'' Egmo Xoe_| ahZmo, g³Ü`mHo$ g_` MmohQ>o_| ~oR>Zmo, åboÀN>m{XH$Z²H$mo ñne©
JrVmOr_| H$ømo ho, Vmgy§ nwZamd¥{Îmê$n Xmof H$ømo ho (Ÿgmo "bmoH${Zê${nV H$aZmo, _wI_| _¡WwZ H$aZmo, Ûma {gdm` J¥h_| àdoe H$aZmo BË`m{XH$
Xmof' OmZZmoŸ). Xmof "bmoH$à{gÕ' h|.
- Amoa d¡{XH$ _ÝÌZ²gy§ nyOm{XH$ H$[ado_|hþ Ý`yZm{V[aŠV XmofH$s gå^mdZm - Amoa Ap½ZhmoÌdmamo AnZo{bò D$fa ^y{__| Z Om`, A_mdñ`m VWm
ho. VmHo${bò {dîUwñ_aU H$aZmo nao ho. ò"doX{Zê${nV Xmof' ho. ny{U©_m à^¥{V {V{W_| órHo$ nmg Z Om`, _b`wŠV hmo` V~ ~mobo Zmht
- Amoa nyOm_| A{^foH$m{XH$Ho${bò d¡{XH$ _ÝÌHo$ g§ñH$madmamo e’moXH$ BË`m{XH$ Xmof "doX{gÕ' h|.
hmo` Vm_| gmYmaU ObH$mo g§`moJ hmo` gmo "g§`moJOXmof'Ÿho.
- Amoa _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy§ Z¡doÚ à^¥{V_| Amoahþ Omo g~ AmJÝVwH$ Xmof -Ÿò gd©{gÕ Xmof {Zd¥Îm hm|` Ego Zmht h| VWm{n H$mhþ ar{Vgy§ _mZZo
h| gmo g~ H${h Jò h|. Zmht. BVZ| ^JdmZ²H$mo gå~ÝY {gÕ hmo` V~ ò Xmof H$hm H$[a gH|$Ÿ? H$Nw>hþ
- Amoa nyOm{XH$_| Cn`wŠV nmÌm{XH$ nXmW©, nwîn Amoa MÝXZm{XH$Z² H$m| Zmht H$[a gH|$ Eg| lraKwZmWOrH$mo A{^àm` ho.
órŸ-ŸeyÐm{XH$H$mo ñne© hmo` gmo "ñne©Xmof' ho.
- Amoa A{dÚmH$mo gå~ÝY ^ògy§ A{^_mZm{XH$ hmo` ho gmo OrdHo$ ghO
-ŸEg| nm§M àH$maHo$ Xmof ^pŠV_mJ©_| Zmht _mZZ| Eg| lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$mo Xmof h|. VWm H$m_-H«$moYm{XH$ {b“XohHo$ ghO Xmof h|. Amoa _mVmŸ-
A{^àm` ho. Ÿ{nVm_| Omo Xmof VWm amoJ aho hm|` gmo gÝV{V_| Amd| gmo ñWybXohHo$
ghO Xmof h|.
- Amoa XohHo$ g§J CËnÝZ ^ò Ego Hw$ð>, Anñ_ma Am{X amoJ h|, Vog| OrdHo$ - Amoa Xoe VWm H$mb gy§ Omo-Omo Xmof hmo` h| gmo XohHw§$ h| OrdHw§$ Zmht h|.
g§J CËnÝZ ^ò Ego H$m_Ÿ-ŸH«$moYm{XH$ Xmof h| gmo "ghOXmof' H$ho Om` O|go _JY Xoe_| J`mOr à^¥{V n{dÌ ñWb h|, AÝ` g~ An{dÌ h|.
h|. Oog| _éXoe gJamo An{dÌ ho. Ego An{dÌ Xoe_| OÝ_ ^ògy§ VWm {dZ
XoeZ²_| J_Z H$[adogy§ Omo Xmof hm|` h| gmo "XoemoËWXmof' H$ho Om§` h|.
- Amoa _JYXoe VWm åboÀN>m{XH$Z²Ho$ Xoe_| VrW©`mÌmHo$ {gdm` Om§` Vmo
\o$[a g§ñH$ma H$aZmo nao Eg| Y_©emó_| {b»`mo ho gmo Xmof "XoemoËW' H$ho - Amoa H${bH$mbgy§, Xwï>_whÿV©gy§ VWm AdñWmgy§ Omo Xmof hmo` h| gmo
Om` h|. "H$mbmoËWXmof' H$ho Om§` h|.
- Amoa am¡ÐH$mb VWm H${b à^¥{V H$mb ho Vmgy§ Y_©H$s {Zd¥{Îmê$n Omo Xmof - Amoa kmZnyd©H$ H$m_H$s àd¥{Îmgy§ _ZH$mo `moJ ^ògy§ Omo Xmof CËnÝZ hmo`
h| gmo "H$mbmoËW' Xmof H$ho Om§` h|. h| gmo "g§`moJOXmof' H$ho Om§` h|.
- Amoa n{VVm{XH$Z²H$mo g§gJ© hmo` gmo "g§`moJXmof' H$ømo Om` ho. - Amoa H$mhþHo$ ñne©gy§ Omo Xmof CËnÝZ hm|` h| gmo "ñne©OXmof' H$ho Om§`
h|.
- Amoa BpÝÐ` VWm nXmW© H$mo g§`moJ hmo` gmo "ñne©OXmof' H$ømo Om` ho.
- _yb_| Omo "M'H$ma {b»`mo ho Vmgy§ H$_©gy§ Omo Xmof hmo` ho gmo "H$_©OXmof'hþ
Am` Om` h|. -gmo g~ Xmof bmoH$_| VWm doX_| {Zê${nV h|. VWm{n ^pŠV_mJ©_| Xoh,
BpÝÐ`, AÝV:H$aU Amoa {dZHo$ Y_© g{hV g~Z²H$mo An©U ^JdmZ²Hw§$ {H$`mo ho,
235 236
Vmgy§ g~ ^JdmZ²Ho$ ^ò h|, gmo ^JdmZ²H$s godm_| à{V~ÝY Zmht H$a| h|. Vmgy§ H$WÄMZŸ=ŸH$moB©^r àH$magy§ dO©ZŸ§ =ŸË`mJ
BZ XmofZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm_| à`ËZ Zmht H$aZmo. Š`m| Omo g~ ^JdXr` h| Egmo ZŸ=ŸZmht (Ÿ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV hoŸ) AmMaoV²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo
AZwgÝYmZ aho V~ ò Xmof ~mYH$ Zmht hm|` Egmo lrnwéfmoÎm_OrH$mo A{^àm` ho.
^mdmW© : Xoh, BpÝÐ`, àmU, AÝV:H$aU Am{X g~ ^JdmZ²H$m| An©U {H$ò {~Zm
Amoa àW_ñH$ÝYHo$ gßV_mÜ`m`_| AOw©ZH$s ñVw{V_| lrgw~mo{YZrOr_|Ÿ- gd© XmofZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm H$mhþ AÝ` àH$magy§ Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy§ OmH$mo g_n©U
H$_©O, H$mbO, ñd^mdO, _m`moX²^d Amoa XoemoX²^d -Eg| Omo nm§M Xmof {bIo ^JdmZ²H$m| Zmht ^`mo hmo` Egr Ag_{n©V dñVw AnZo Cn`moJ_| Zmht boZr,
h| gmo Amoa `hm§ {bIo nm§M Xmof EH$ hr g_OZo. Vm_| dhm§ "ñd^mdO' {bIo h| Ag_{n©V dñVwH$mo Ë`mJhr H$aZmo.
gmo `hm§ "ghO' Xmof {bIo h|. dhm§ "H$mbO' Xmof {bIo h| gmo `hm§ "H$mbmoËW'
Xmof g_OZo. dhm§ "XoemoX²^d' Xmof {bIo h| gmo `hm§ "XoemoËW' Xmof g_OZo. dhm§
Q>rH$m : BVZo lr_X²^mJdVHo$ fð>ñH$ÝY_| lrewH$XodOrZo H$ømo ho Omo Vn,
"_m`moX²^d' Xmof {bIo h|Ÿ- gmo A{dÚmHo$ g§`moJgy§ ñdY_© VWm ^JdÕ_© H$mo
~«÷M`©, empÝV, BpÝÐ`{ZJ«h, XmZ, gË`, n{dÌVm BZ g~Z²gm| Yra nwéf
AkmZ hmo` ho -gmo `hm§ "g§`moJO' Xmof g_OZo. Amoa dhm§ "H$_©O' Xmof {bIo
lÕm`wŠV hmo`Ho$ Xoh, dmUr Amoa ~w{Õ gy§ CËnÝZ ^`mo Egmo ~‹S>mo nmn hmo` VmHw§$hþ,
h| gmo `hm§ "ñne©O' Xmof g_OZo -ŸEg| lrbmby^Å>OrZo {b»`mo ho.
Ap½Z Oogo H$mð>Hw§$ X½Y H$ao ho Vog| X½Y H$ao ho''. AWm©V² Ap½Z H$mð>Hw§$ X½Y H$ao
ho Vm_| ^ñ_ à^¥{V eof aho h| Vog| Vn Am{Xgy§ nmn X½Y hmo`nohþ Vm_| _{bZVm
(ŸCna H$hoŸ) gmo g~ Xmof XrIdo_| Amdo h| VWm{n X½Y ^ò dóH$s{g ZmB§ H$[adodmamo H$Nw>H$ Xmof Vmo ~mH$s aho hr ho. Vmgy§ dhm§hr \o$[a H$ømo ho Omo
H$Nw> H$m`© H$[a gHo$ Zmht h|. Vmgy§ do Xmof ^JdËgodm_| à{V~ÝY H$a|Jo Eg| Zmht ""dmgwXod ^JdmZ²Ho$ namÙ {H$VZoH$ ^ŠV, Oogo gy`© am{Ì_| ^ò AmogHo$ ObH$mo
_mZZmo. Š`m| Omo ^JdmZ² {ZXw©ï> h|. {dZH$mo gå~ÝY ^ògy§ Xoh, BpÝÐ`, AÝV:H$aU {Z:eof Zme H$ao ho Vog|, Ho$db ^pŠVH$[aH|$ g_J« nmnH$mo Zme H$ao h|''. Vmgy§
Amoa {dZHo$ gd© Y_© {ZXw©ï> hmo` Om§` h|Ÿ&&2-3Ÿ&& ^pŠVgy§ nmnH$mo Oogmo Zme hmo` ho Egmo Xygao gmYZgy§ Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy§
Ag_{n©V dñVwH$mo Ë`mJhr H$aZmoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
^JdmZ² {ZXw©ï> h| Vmgy§ Omo Xmofa{hV hmo` VmH$mohr gå~ÝY ^JdmZ²gy§ hmoZmo
M{hò, naÝVw O~ Vm§B Xoh VWm BpÝÐ` Am{XHo$ Xmof {Zd¥V Zmht ^ò hm|` Vhm§ Eg| Ag_{n©V dñVwH$mo Ë`mJ H$a| V~ bm¡{H$H$-Abm¡{H$H$ ì`dhma Ho$g|
Vm§B {dZH$mo gå~ÝY à^yZ²gm| Ho$g| hmo` gHo$Ÿ? Vmgy§ àW_ Xmofa{hV H$[aHo$ nmN>| {gÕ hmo`Ÿ? Vhm§ AY©^wŠVHo$ {ZdoXZH$mo {ZfoY H$[aHo$ gd©Xm H$V©ì`H$mo àH$ma
^JdmZ²H$mo An©U H$[ado_| H$hm haH$V hoŸ? Eg| H$moB© H$ho Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: H$hV h|Ÿ:
AÝ`Wm gd© X mo f mUm§ Z {Zd¥ { Îm: H$WÄMZŸ&& {Zdo { X{^: g_ß`£ d gdª Hw $ `m© X ² B{V pñW{V:Ÿ&&
Ag_© { nV-dñVy Z m§ Vñ_mX² dO© Z _² AmMao V ² Ÿ &&4Ÿ&& Z _V§ Xo d Xo d ñ` gm{_^w Š V-g_n© U _² Ÿ &&5Ÿ&&
AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZmht Vmo Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgy§ g_ß`©Ÿ=Ÿg_n©U H$aHo$ B{VŸ=ŸEgmo

gd©XmofmUm§Ÿ=Ÿg~ XmofZ²H$s Ag_©{nV-dñVyZm§Ÿ=Ÿg_{n©V- EdŸ=Ÿhr pñW{V:Ÿ=Ÿ{gÕmÝVŸ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho)
{Zd¥{Îm:Ÿ=Ÿ{Zd¥{Îm Z hmo` Egr dñVyZ²H$mo
237 238
{Zdo{X{^:Ÿ=Ÿ{Zdo{XVHo$ Ûmam XodXodñ`Ÿ=ŸXodHo$^r XodHw§$ VXW©Ÿ) AnZo Cn^moJV| nyd©hr g~ dñVyZ²H$mo à^wH$s godm_| gmjmV² AWdm
(ŸnXmW£:Ÿ=ŸnXmW©Z²gy§Ÿ) gm{_^wŠVg_n©U§Ÿ=ŸAY©^wŠVH$mo g_n©U naåna`m Cn`moJ H$[a nmN>o AnZo Cn`moJ_o bmdZt gmo g_wPmdV h|Ÿ:
gdªŸ=Ÿg~ H$Nw> ZŸ=ŸZmht
Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$ao _V§Ÿ=Ÿgå_V ho Vñ_mX² AmXm¡ gd© H $m`} gd© d ñVw - g_n© U _² Ÿ &&
XÎmmnhmadMZ§ VWm M gH$b§ hao : Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : nw{ï>_mJ©H$s ar{Vgy§ AmMm`©Ûmam Om OrdH$mo {ZdoXZ ^`mo ho dm OrdHw§$ Z J« m ø_² B{V dmŠ`§ {h {^ÝZ_mJ© n a§ _V_² Ÿ &&
^JdmZ²H$m| An©U H$[aHo$hr g~ H$m`© H$aZo, Egr ^pŠV_mJ©H$s Xmofa{hV _`m©Xm
ho. Vm_| Omo AY©^wŠV nXmW© hm|` gmo XodZ²Ho$ Xod à^yZ²H$m| g_n©U H$[ado`mo½` Zmht Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgm| gd©H$m`}Ÿ=Ÿg~ H$m`©Ho$
h|. AmXm¡Ÿ=ŸAmaå^_| B{VŸ=ŸEgo
gd©dñVw-g_n©U_²Ÿ=Ÿgd© dñVyZ²H$mo "XÎmmnhma'dMZ_²Ÿ=Ÿ""h[aHw§$Ÿ{X`mo
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, 1{ZdoXZ 2XmZ Amoa 3An©U Eg| VrZ àH$ma h|. Vm_| dñVwH$mo Zm_ g_n©U (ŸH$V©ì`Ÿ=ŸH$aZmoŸ) ^`mo H$Nw>^r boZmo Zmht'' Egmo
boHo$ à^yZ²H$m| OVm` XoZm| gmo "{ZdoXZ' H$ømo Om` ho. VWm {d{Ynyd©H$ AnZr
VWmŸ=ŸAmoa, hao:Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$mo Omo lr^mJdVH$mo dMZ
gÎmmH$m| N>m§{‹S>Ho$ Ðì`m{XH$Z²_| XygaoH$s gÎmm CËnÝZ H$aZr gmo "XmZ' H$ømo Om`
ho. Amoa godH$ Oog| agmoB© {gÕ H$[aHo$ AnZo _m{bH$H$m| AnU© H$ao ho Vog| gH$b§Ÿ=Ÿg~, ZŸ=ŸZmht (ŸVV²Ÿ=ŸdmoŸ)dmŠ`§Ÿ=ŸdmŠ`
ñdm{_H$m| ^mo{Jdo`mo½` nXmW© ñdm{_H$m| OVmdZmo gmo "An©U' H$ømo Om` ho. dmhr J«mø§Ÿ=ŸJ«hU H$[ado `mo½` {^ÝZ_mJ©na§Ÿ=ŸOwXoŸ_mJ©Ÿgå~pÝYŸho
ar{Vgy§ (Ÿnw{ï>^pŠV_mJu godmH$Vm©H$mo ò H$V©ì` ho Ho$Ÿ) àW_ à^yH$m| {Zdo{XV ^B©
Egr dñVw \o$[a (Ÿà^wH$m|Ÿ) An©U H$[aHo$ (ŸVm nmN>|Ÿ) bm¡{H$H$ VWm d¡{XH$ gd© ^mdmW© : {Zdo{XV nXmW© à^yZ²H$m| g_{n©Ho$hr gd©H$m`© H$aZm| Egr ^pŠV_mJ©H$s
H$m`© H$aZmo Egr ^pŠV_mJ©H$s _`m©Xm ho. Vmhr ar{Vgy§ H$[ado_| Xmof Zmht Amdo _`m©Xm ho. Vmgy§ àW_ gd©H$m`©_| gd© dñVw An©U H$aZr. Amoa Vog|hr ^JdmZ²H$s
h|. Š`m| Omo OmH$mo XmZ {H$`mo ho gmo dñVw AnZo Cn`moJ_| Zmht Am` gHo$ Vog|{h {Zdo{XV dñVw AnZo Cn`moJ_| Z bmdZr BË`m{X Omo ""A{n XrnmdbmoH§$ _o
Omo dñVw à^yZ²H$m| ôQ> H$ar ho gmo dñVwhþ AnZo Cn`moJ_| Zmht Am` gHo$. naÝVw Zmon`wÄÁ`mV²
OmH$mo An©U {H$`mo ho gmo dñVw AnZo Cn`moJ_| bodo_| Xmof Zmht h|. {Zdo{XV_²'' EH$mXe ñH$ÝYHo$ dmŠ` h| do dmŠ` ^pŠV_mJ©gm| OwXo _mJ©Ho${bò
h|.
Vm_| EH$ nXmW©_|gy§ Wmo‹S>mo ^mJ AnZo Cn`moJ_| boH|$ ~mH$s ~À`mo Omo ^mJ
ho gmo "gm{_^wŠV'Ÿ-Ÿ"AY©^wŠV' H$ømo Om` ho, gmo à^yZ²H$m| An©U H$[ado`mo½` Q>rH$m : BVZ|, ór nwÌ YZ à^¥{V g~ à^yZ²H$m| g_{n©Ho$ ""ò g~ ^JdmZ²Ho$ h|''
Zmht ho. AWm©V² ""ò g~ dñVw à^yZ²H$s ho'' Egmo AZwgÝYmZ am{IH|$ \o$[a Egmo AZwgÝYmZ am{IHo$ AnZo Cn`moJ_| boZr. Eg| à^yZ²H$m| Om dmñVwH$mo An©U
à^yZ²H$m| An©U H$[aHo$ ""ò à^yZ²H$mo _hmàgmX ho'' Egmo g_{OHo$ AnZo Cn`moJ_| ^`mo ho gmo dñVw à^yZ²H$s ho Egr ~w{Õ a{hdogy§ AnZmo A{^_mZ Ny>Q> Om` ho. Amoa
boZr. Amoa AY©^wŠV hmo` gmo à^yZ²H$m| Zmht g_n©ZrŸ&&5Ÿ&& à^yZ²Ho$ gå~ÝYV| {dZ_| AmgpŠV a{hdogy§ AnZr ^pŠVH$s Ñ‹T>Vm hmo` ho.
(ŸAY©^wŠV dñVwHo$ g_n©UH$mo Amoa Ag_{n©VHo$ Cn^moJH$mo Xmof Zmht bJo AÝ` _mJ©Z²_| {ZdoXZ VWm g_n©U H$mo àH$ma* Zmht ho. Ho$db XmZ²H$mohr àH$ma
239 240
ho. Vmgy§ ""^JdmZ²H$m| Omo nXmW© {X`mo hmo` gmo nXmW© AnZ| Zmht boZmo'' Egmo
dmŠ` dm _mJ©Ho$ A{^àm`H$mo ho, ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo Zmht ho. ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo gd© ^mdmW© : bmoH$_| godH$Z²H$mo ì`dhma Oog| {gÕ hmo` ho Vog| à^yZ²H$m| An©U
dñVw ^JdmZ²H$m| g_{n©Ho$hr Cn`moJ_| boZr Egr _`m©Xm hoŸ&&6Ÿ&& H$[aHo$hr g~ H$m`© H$aZm|. Eg| H$[adoV| g~Z²H$m| ~«÷ê$nnZmo hmo` ho.
{Q>ßnUr : *"AÝ` _mJ©' BVZo nyOm_mJ©. VmV| {OZ _pÝXaZ²_| Xod_y{V©H$s namW©à{Vð>m Q>rH$m : BVZ|, Oog| bmoH$_|hþ Omo godH$ hmo` h| gmo g~ H$m`© AnZo _m{bH$H$s
^B hmo` Vhm§ g~ H$moD$ Xe©ZmWu AnZrŸ-ŸAnZr ^mdZmHo$ AZwgma AnZmo ñdËd Amkmgy§hr H$a| h|, _m{bH$Hw§$ {~Zm nyN>o H$Nw> H$m`© Zmht H$a| h|; Amoa {eî` hm|`
Ë`m{JHo$ XmZê$noU Xod_y{V©H$m| Omo H$Nw> ^|Q> YaV hm|` Vmo VmH$mo àgmX {b`mo Z gmo JwéH$s Amkmà_mUhr g~ H$m`© H$a| h|, Vog|, AnZmo Xoh AmË_m{XH$ g~
OmB, Xod_y{V©H$mo XmZê$n XrZr Ðì`Ÿ-Ÿgm_J«r XodÐì` ~{Z OmVr hmo`doV|; naÝVw ^JdmZ²H$m| An©U H$aZmo, V~ g~ ^JdmZ²Ho$ ^ò, Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²Hw§$ An©U H$[aHo$hr
AnZo ñdËdH$mo Ë`mJ {H$ò {~Zm, BVZo AÀ`© _y{V©H$m| Z XrZm| hmo`; {H$ÝVw g~ H$m`© H$aZm|. Eg| H$[adogy§ g~Z²_| {ZXm}fnZm| VWm g_mZ(Ÿê$ngy§Ÿ) ^JdXr`nZm|
AM©ZmW©hr H$Ny>H$ XrZmo hmo` Vmo VmH$mo àgmX {b`mohr Omdo ho. Oogo nwéfmoÎm_joÌHo$ {gÕ hmo` ho. `Ú{n ~«÷Ho$ AZÝV Y_© h| VWm{n JrVmOr_| {ZXm}f Amoa g_ ò
lrOJÝZmWOrHo$ _pÝXa_| gI‹S>r àgmXhþ bo`doH$s _Om©X {ZO_mJ©_|hþ na§namàmßV Xmo` Y_© ~«÷Ho$ H$ho h|. Amoa `hm§ godm_|hþ ò Xmo` Y_©H$mohr Cn`moJ ho; Vmgy§ ò
ho. {H$VoH$ nyOm_mJuhþ AnZo nw{ï>_mJ©H$s Zm§B {ZOJ¥h_|hþ {ZdoXZŸ-Ÿg_n©UH$s Xmo` Y_©H$m| bo ""g~Z²H$mo ~«÷nZmo hmo`'' Ego H$ømo hoŸ&&7Ÿ&&
ar{Vdmar Xod_y{V©H$s nyOm H$aV h|. Vhm§ ñd{Zdo{XVHo$hr An©UH$mo {Z`_ OmZZmo.
AÝ` H$mhþVo {ZOJ¥h_| ñdmW©Ÿ-Ÿà{Vð>m{nV Xod_y{V©Ho${bò H$Ny>H$ ñdrH$ma {H$òV|
^pŠV_mJ©_| àdoe ^`mo hmo` Vmohþ gÎdm{XH$ JwUZ²Ho$ ôXH$[aH|$ g~Z²H$s
Z¡doÚŸ-Ÿgm_J«r Xod_y{V©H$m| XmZê$noU àmßV XodÐì` hmoV ho gmo VmH$mo àgmX {b`mo
àd¥{V {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ hmo` ho, g_mZ Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy§ ^JdXr`nZmo ^`mo hmo`
Z OmB.(ŸgånmXH$Ÿ)
Vmohþ g~Z²H$mo g_mZnZm| Ho$g| hmo`Ÿ? Egr e‘>mH$m| J“mOrHo$ Ñï>mÝVgy§ {Zd¥Îm H$aV
h|Ÿ:
Eg| ^pŠV_mJ©gy§ Xygao _mJ©_| ^JdmZ²H$m| An©U ^B© Egr dñVwH$mo Cn`moJ
Zmht H$aZm| Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo ^JdmZ²H$s àgmXr dñVwgy§hr ^JdXr`Z²Hw§$ gd©
J“mËd§ gd©XmofmUm§ JwUXmofm{X-dU©ZmŸ&&8Ÿ&&
H$m`© H$V©ì` ho Ego OVm`doHo${bò H$hV h|Ÿ:
J“mËdoZ {Zê$ß`m ñ`mV² VX²dX² AÌm{n M¡d {hŸ&&
go d H$mZm§ `Wm bmo H o $ ì`dhma: à{gÕç{VŸ&&7Ÿ&&
gd©XmofmUm§Ÿ=Ÿg~ XmofZ²H$mo J“mËdoZ=ŸJ“mê$ngy§, EdŸ=Ÿhr
VWm H$m`ª g_ß`£ d gd} f m§ ~« ÷ Vm VV:Ÿ&&
J“mËd§Ÿ=ŸJ“mnZmo {Zê$ß`mŸ=Ÿ{Zê$nU `mo½`
MŸ=ŸAmoa ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmodo ho
`WmŸ=ŸOog|, bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_| g_ß`©Ÿ=Ÿg_n©U H$[aHo$
JwUXmofm{XdU©ZmŸ=ŸJwU-Xmof {hŸ=ŸVmV|, VÛV²Ÿ=Ÿdogo
godH$mZm§Ÿ=ŸgodH$Z²H$mo EdŸ=Ÿhr
Am{XH$mo dU©Z AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
ì`dhma:Ÿ=Ÿì`dhma (ŸgdªŸ=Ÿg~Ÿ) H$m`ªŸ=ŸH$aZmo
Ÿ
à{gÕç{VŸ=ŸàM{bV hmodo ho VV:Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§, gd}fm§Ÿ=Ÿg~H$s
VWmŸ=Ÿdm Vahgy§ ~«÷VmŸ=Ÿ~«÷Vm, ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ÿho
241 242
^mdmW© : naZmbm à^¥{VH$mo Ob J“m_| {_bo V~ naZmbm à^¥{V_| aho Ego g~ && ZdaËZ‘² &&
XmofZ²H$m| J“mnZm| hmo` ho, Vmgy§ dmHo$ JwUŸ-ŸXmofZ²H$mo dU©Zhþ J“mnZogy§hr hmo` ho. (11)
Vog| ~«÷gå~ÝY ^ò {nN>| `hm§hþ g~Z²H$mo ~«÷nZm| hmo` ho. Jmoñdm{‘lr{dQ²>R>bZmWà^wMaU{da{MVm ZdaËZ{dd¥{V:
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, naZmbmHo$ ObHo$ ñne©gy§ ñZmZm{XH$ H$aZmo nao ho; naÝVw dmohr Ob {MÝVm-gÝVmZ-hÝVmamo `ËnmXmå~w O -ao U d:&&
J“mOr_| {_ë`mo hmo` V~ dmH$s `pËH$pÄMV² _{bZVm XrIdo_| AmdVr hmo`
ñdr`mZm§ VmZ² {ZOmMm`m© Z ² àU‘m{‘ ‘w h þ a ² ‘w h :&&1&&
VWm{n dmHo$ nmZgy§ nmn {Zd¥Îm hm|` h|. Š`m| Omo g~ J“mê$n hmo` J`mo ho. BVZo
\o$[a AmN>oŸ-Ÿ~wao ObH$mo dU©Z hmo` ho gmo J“mOrHo$hr ObH$mo dU©Z hmo` ho,
""naZmbm à^¥{VH$mo Ob Iam~ ho'' Eg| H$moC Zmht H$hV ho. Vog| J“mOr_| ZZw ^JdXr`mZm§ H$W§ {MÝVmo X ² ^ d:? BËW‘² . AmË‘{Zdo { XZmo {h
AmN>mo Ob {_ë`mo hmo` Vmohþ ""J“mOrH$mo Ob AmN>mo ho'' Eg| H$hV ho, naÝVw ^JdX²ÔZmhm©:, Z BVao. VÌ M Eo{hH$-nmabm¡{H$H$`mo… AW©`mo… Z Ad{eï>§
Omo Ob {_ë`mo ho dmH$mo Zm_ Zmht boV h|. Eg| ~«÷gå~ÝY ^ò {nN>o ~«÷gå~ÝY {H$pÄMV² Ag‘{n©V‘². Ed§ g{V Xohm{X{Zdm©h: Ho$Z H$m`©:? qH$ {Zdo{XVmW}Z CV
H$adodmao_| Omo Xmof AWdm JwU aho h| gmo g~ ~«÷ê$n hmo` h|. AWm©V² naZmbmH$mo BVaoU dm? VÌ Z AmÚ…, VXr`mW©ñ` V{XÀN>m§ {dZm J«hrVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV²,
Ob J“mOr_| {_bo V~ dmHo$ g~ Xmof Zï> hmo` Om` h| Vog| ~«÷gå~ÝY BÀN>m`m… M kmVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². dñVwVñVw BÀN>m`m‘{n gË`m§ VXwn`moJmo AZw{MV…
H$adodmao_|hþ Omo Xmof hm|` gmo g~ Zï> hmo` Om` h|Ÿ&&8Ÿ&& godH$ñ`. Z M VXr`mZm§ XohmXrZm§ VXr`mW}Z nmofU§ Z Xmofm` B{V dmÀ`‘². ñdV…
VWmH¥$Vo… XmofmdhËdmV² V{XÀN>m`míM kmVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV² B{V CŠV‘². Z {ÛVr`…,
AñdY‘©ËdmV², {Zdo{XVñ` AW©ñ` pñWË`mÚWª ñdñ` {dMmañ`m{n AZw{MVËdmV²,
~«÷gå~ÝY H$[adogy§ g~ XmofZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo` ho. Vmgy§ nm§Mm| àH$maHo$ Omo
VX{^‘mZo VËgå^dmV². Ed§ g{V Xohm{XZmegå^doZ ÔZmgå^dmV² VÛ¡`Ï`m©nmV….
Xmof h| gmo _mZZ| Zmht Eg| àW_ H$ømo ho. VmnrN>o g~Z²H$mo ~«÷nZm| hmo` ho Eg|
‘mJ©Ed M A`‘² CpÀN>ÚoV. AVmo {ZdoXZo ÔZm{YH$ma…, Vpñ‘Z² g{V VX{Zdm©h
H$ømo ho. òhr godmH$mo AmZwf[“H$ \$b {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr_| H$ømo ho.
B{V C^`V… nmem aÁOw… B{V MoV², AÌ dXm‘…. ""XmamZ² gwVmZ² J¥hmZ² àmUmZ²
""~«÷gå~ÝYgy§ g~ XmofZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo` ho'' Eg| H${hHo$ AJm‹S>r Xmof Zmht
`V² nañ‘¡ {ZdoXZ‘², Ed§ Y‘£a² ‘Zwî`mUm‘² CÕdmË‘{Zdo{XZm‘², ‘{`
hmo`doHo${bò g~ An©U H$[aHo$hr H$m`© H$[adoH$mo Omo H$ømo ho Vm_| 1^JdÕ_©Ho$
gÄOm`Vo ^pŠV… H$moÝ`moWm}ñ`md{eî`Vo'' BË`m{XdmŠ`¡… VX² Amdí`H$‘²,
AZwgma VWm 2bm¡{H$H$ì`dhmaHo$ AZwgma Eg| Xmo` àH$maH$mo g_n©U H$ømo ho.
gmjmV² lrJmoHw$boe-ÔZm{YH$maê$nËdmV², {ÛOñ` d¡{XH$H$‘©{U Jm`Í`wnXoeO-
Vm_| ^JdÕ_©Ho$ AZwgma g_n©U H$ao Vmo ~«÷Vmê$n \$b hmo` Amoa bm¡{H$ì`dhmaHo$
g§ñH$madV². (Ÿ1{ZdoXZñ` gmW©H$Ëdm` ÔZ{gÕçW©_² Amdí`H$-ì`dhmamWª
AZwgma g_n©U H$ao Vmo, J“mOr_| {_bo ^ò _moarHo$ ObH$s Zm§B, ~«÷gå~ÝY
{Zdo{XVñ`¡d ñdmWª {d{Z`moJ… H$m`©…Ÿ). AÝ`Wm Xman[aJ«hmoÎmajUEd VpÝZdoXZo
H$[adodmao_| Omo Xmof aho h| {dZH$s {Zd¥{Îm_mÌhr \$b hmo` ho.
AH¥$Vo, AJ«o VX{d{Z`moJo àmßVo, VËn[aJ«h-d¡`Ï`m©n{Îm:. Ana§ M, XmZo {h Z
ñd{d{Z`moJ…, ZVw {ZdoXZo. AÝ`Wm {Zdo{XVmÝZmXo… ^moOZ§ Z ñ`mV². A{Zdo{XVñ`
B{V lr_Ûëb^mMm`© {da{MV {gÕmÝVahñ`H$s {Z{fÕËdmV². {Zdo{XVmZm_² AWm©Zm§ ^JdX²^moJmWª {d{Z`moJo OmVo VX²XÎmàgmXËdoZ
g§{jßV d«O^mfmQ>rH$m ñdmon^moJH¥${V… C{MVVam, XmgY_©ËdmV². ""CpÀN>ï>^mo{OZmo Xmgm:'' BË`m{XdmŠ`¡…
Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbOr_hmamO {da{MV g_mßV ^B© AmË_emoYH$ËdmV² M. {H$ÝVw à^m¡ {Zdo{XVmW©ñ` {d{Z`moJo OmVo AJ«o VXWª `ËZ…
H$m`m} Zdm B{V ^d{V {MÝVm. VËH$aUo ~m{h_w©»`gå^d… godmà{V~ÝYíM.
""Ì¡d{J©H$m`mg ...'' B{V dmŠ`mV² ^JdËH¥$Và{V~ÝYíM VÌ ñ`mV². AH$aUo
{gÕmÝVahñ`_² ZdaËZ‘²
243 244
{ZdoÚm^mdoZ ^d{V M Xw:I_², Ed§^yVmZ² ñdmZ² Cn{XempÝV {MÝVm H$m{n Z A{^_mZ Ny>{Q>doHo${bò {ZdoXZ ho. Amoa Xohm{XH$Ho$ {Zdm©hH$mo {dMma H$aZmo gmo
H$m`m© B{V. Vmo dm_| AnZmo A{^_mZ amIo V~hr hmo`Ÿ! Vmgy§ A{Zdo{XV dñVyZ²gy§ Xohm{XH$Z²H$mo
{Zdm©h H$aZmo ò njhþ `mo½` Zmht ho. Eg| O~ Xohm{XH$Z²H$mo {Zdm©h {Zdo{XV
Q>rH$m : ^JdXr`Z²H$m| {MÝVmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò ò J«ÝW ho. V~ (Ÿ=ŸVhm§ e‘>m dñVyZ²gm| AWdm A{Zdo{XV H$moC dñVyZ²gm| hmo` gHo$ Zmht V~ Xohm{XH$Z²Ho$
hmoV ho OmoŸ) ^JdXr` Vmo AZÝ`^ŠV hmo` h| Amoa ""AZÝ` hmo`Ho$ Omo _Zwî` _oar {Zdm©hH$mo gmYZ Zmht ahrdogy§ Xohm{XH$Z²Ho$ ZmeH$mo gå^d hmo`, V~ Xohm{XH$Z²gm|
^pŠV H$ao h| Amoa {ZË` g~ Vaohgy§ _oao_|hr {MÎmd¥{Îm amIV h| {dZH$m| Omo ÔZ H$aZmo gmo ~Z gHo$ Zmht, V~ ÔZ² H$[adoHo${bò dmHo$ A{YH$maê$n
nXmW©H$mo Cn`moJ ho gmo _¢ {_bm` XD§$ hÿ§; Amoa Omo Cn`wŠV nXmW© {_ë`mo hmo` {ZdoXZ²H$shþ ì`W©Vm Am` Om` ho, V~ nw{ï>H$s _`m©Xmê$n `h ^pŠV_mJ©hr
dmH$s _¢ ajmhþ H$ê§$ hÿ§'' Eg| JrVmOr_| AOw©ZHo$ à{V lrH¥$îUZ| Amkm H$ar ho. CpÀN>ÝZ hmo` Om`JmoŸ! Vmgy§ {ZdoXZ H$aoV| ^JdX²ÔZ²H$mo A{YH$ma hmo` Amoa
Vmgy§ ^JdXr`Z²Hw§$ Ho$go {MÝVm CËnÝZ hmo`Ÿ? Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò {ZdoXZ ^ò nmN>| ^JdX²ÔZ hmo` gHo$ŸZmht V~ XmoB© Am‹S>rgy§ nme Amdo ho Eg|
lrJwgm§B©OrZo Amkm H$ar hoŸ: Omo AmË_{ZdoXZ H$[adodmaohr ^JdX²ÔZHw§$ `mo½` H$moD$ H$ho Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ…
h|. {OZZ| AmË_{ZdoXZ Zmht {H$`mo ho gmo ^JdX²ÔZH$m| `mo½` Zmht h|.
""ór nwÌ J¥h àmU ò g~ ^JdmZ²H$m| An©U H$aZo'' Eg| à~wÕ`moJoídaZo
Vm_| (ŸnwZ: e‘>m hmoV ho OmoŸ) {OZZ| AmË_{ZdoXZ {H$`mo ho {dZHo$ `mbmoH$ {Z{_amOm à{V ^JdmZ² gå~pÝY Y_©Ho$ àg“_| H$ømo ho. Amoa CÝZrg_o AÜ`m`_|
VWm nabmoH$ gy§ gå~pÝYV, ^JdmZ²H$m| OmH$mo An©U Zmht {H$`mo ho Egr H$moB© lrH¥$îU^JdmZ²Z| CÕdOr à{V _h{Û_¥½` ^pŠV`moJ H$ømo ho. Vm_| ""_oar
dñVw Zmht ho. V~ Xohm{XH$Z²H$mo {Zdm©h {Zdo{XV dñVyZ²gm| H$aZmo qH$dm A{Zdo{XV A_¥Vê$n H$Wm_| lÕm amIZr'' `hm§gy§ bo`H|$ gm‹S>oMma íbmoH$Z²gy§ AmË_{ZdoXrZ²Ho$
dñVyZ²gm| H$aZmoŸ? `{X H$hmo Ho$ {Zdo{XV dñVyZgm|hr H$aZmo Vmo ò nj `mo½` Zmht Y_© H$ho h|. dhm§ A{YH$maê$n {ZdoXZ H$ømo ho. Vmgy§ {ZdoXZ Vmo Amdí`H$ ho.
ho. Š`m| Omo ^JdmZ²H$s dñVwH$mo J«hU ^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>m {dZm hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Vmgy§ Oog| ~«m÷U, jÌr` VWm d¡í` H$m| d¡{XH$ H$_©_| A{YH$ma {gÕ H$[adodmamo,
Amoa ^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>m Om{Zdo_| Am` gHo$ Zmht. `WmW© {dMma H$amo V~ Vmo Jm`ÌrHo$ CnXoegy§ ^`mo Egmo, `kmondrV g§ñH$ma ho Vog| ^JdX²ÔZ_| A{YH$ma
^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>m hmo` Vmohþ godH$H$m| ^JdmZ²H$s dñVwH$mo Cn`moJ H$aZmo C{MV {gÕ H$[adodmamo AmË_{ZdoXZ ho. Vmgy§ {ZdoXZH$s g\$bVmHo${bò ^JdX²ÔZ
Zmht ho. Amoa H$Xm{MV² Eg| H$h| Omo Xohm{XH$hþ ^JdmZ²Ho$ ^ò h| (ŸVmgm|Ÿ) {dZH$mo {gÕ H$[adoH$m| {OVZr dñVyZ²H$mo Amdí`H$ Cn`moJ hmo` {VVZr {Zdo{XV dñVwhr
nmofU ^JdmZ²H$s dñVwgm| H$[ado_| Xmof Zmht ho, Vmo Eg|hþ Zmht H${h gHo$ h|. Š`m| Cn`moJ_| boZr. `{X Egmo A{^àm` Z hmo` Vmo, órH$mo nm{UJ«hU {H$ò nrN>o dmHw$
Omo AnZo {dMmagy§ (ŸAÝ`H$m| g_{n©V dñVwH$mo Cn`moJŸ) H$[ado_| ñdVÝÌVmê$n Adí` {Zdo{XV H$aZr M{hò. Vog|hr nwÌm{XH$Z²H$mo {ZdoXZhþ H$aZmo M{hò. gmo
Xmof Am` Om` ho. Amoa ^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>m Om{Zdo_| AmdV Zmht ho ò Vmo H$ømohr `{X Z ^`mo V~ do g~ AnZo Cn`moJ_| Am` gHo$ Zmht. V~ órH$mo J«hU {H$`mo
ho, Vmgy§ Omo dñVw {Zdo{XV Zmht ^B© ho dmhrgy§ {Zdm©h H$aZmo, Eg| H$moD$ H$ho Vhm§ ho VmH$s ì`W©Vm Am` Om` ho. Vmgy§ Omo dñVw XmZ_| XrZr ho gmo dñVw AnZo
H$hV h| Omo ò njhþ C{MV Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo Om dñVwH$mo {ZdoXZ Zmht ^`mo ho Cn`moJ_| Amdo Zmht naÝVw {Zdo{XV dñVwH$mo Cn`moJ H$[ado_| ~mY Zmht ho. Omo
gmo AmnwZo Cn`moJ_| bodoH$mo godH$H$mo Y_© Zmht ho, Vog|hr ^JdmZ²H$m| {Zdo{XV {Zdo{XV dñVwHo$ Cn`moJ_| ~mY hmoVmo hmo` Vmo ^JdmZ²Hw§$ {Zdo{XV {H$ò Jò
Zmht ^B© Egr dñVw am{IdoH$mohþ AnZmo Y_© Zmht ho. Xohm{XH$Z²H$mo {ZdoXZ ôdo AÝZm{XH$Z²H$mo (Ÿ_hmàgmX _mZrHo$Ÿ) ^moOZ H$[adoH$mo gd©Ì {b»`mo ho gmo Z hmo`
J`mo ho Vmgm| VmHo$ {Zdm©hHo${bò AnZo {dMma H$aZmohþ `mo½` Zmht ho. Vog|hr gHo$. Amoa ^JdmZ²H$m| {Zdo{XV {H$ò {gdm` dñVw bodoH$mo gd©Ì {ZfoY ho, Vmgy§
Xohm{XH$Z²H$mo {ZdoXZ H$[adoHo$ g_` dmHo$ {Zdm©hHo${bò {H$V{ZH$ dñVw ^JdmZ²H$m| Omo dñVw ^JdmZ²H$m| {Zdo{XV ^B© ho VmH$mo ^JdX²^moJHo${bò {d{Z`moJ ^ò nmN>|
{Zdo{XV Zmht H$[adoH$mo {dMma H$aZmo òhþ `mo½` Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo g~Z²_|Vo AnZmo ""ò ^JdmZ²Z| {X`mo ^`mo _hmàgmX ho'' Eg| g_{OH|$ AnZo Cn`moJ H$aZmo gmo
ZdaËZ‘² ZdaËZ‘²
245 246
`wŠV ho. Š`m| Omo `m_| XmgY_© {gÕ aho ho. Vmgy§hr CÕdOrZo lrH¥$îUgy§ H$ømo dmH$s bm¡{H$H$ J{V H$~hþ Zmht H$a|Jo.
hoŸ: ""AmnH$mo CpÀN>ï> bododmao h_ XmgZ²Z| AmnH$s _m`m OrVr ho'' BË`m{XH$
dmŠ`Z²H$[aH|$ ^JdmZ²H$mo àgmX AmË_mH$m| ewÕ H$[adodmamo ho ò {gÕ ho. àH$me : bm¡{H$H$-VX^mdo@{n ^JdXWm©@{n gm Z H$m`m©. EVX² Amhþ… H$m{n
B{V eãXoZ. A“rH$maoU¡d gd©Ed H$[aî`{V B{V {dídmgmo `V… Vñ` Amdí`H$….
Vmgy§ `m {df`H$s {MÝVm Vmo hmo` Zmht. naÝVw {Zdo{XV AW©H$mo à^w_| ^JdVmo@{n VWm{Z`{_…. H$Xm{MV² narjmWª àmaãY^moJmWª dm à^w… MoV² {dbå~Vo,
{d{Z`moJ hmo` Om` VmnrN>| AJm{‹S>hþ ^JdËgodm_| {d{Z`moJ H$[adoHo${bò dñVw VXm{n Z H$m`m© B{V Amhþ… H$Xm{n B{V nXoZ. ZZw bmoH$dV² Hw$Qw>å~mÚmgŠË`m
gånmXZ H$[adoH$mo `ËZ H$aZmo qH$dm Zmht H$aZmoŸ? Egr {MÝVm ^JdXr`Z²H$m| ñdñ`m@{n bm¡{H$H$s¨ JqV H$Xm{MV² à^w… Hw$`m©V², VÌ Amhþ… ^JdmZ{n B{V.
hmo`. Š`m| Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ {d{Z`moJ_| Cn`wŠV dñVwHw§$ gånmXZ H$[adoH$mo à`ËZ `V… nw{ï>ñWmo AVmo _`m©Xm_mJu`-d¡am½`mÚ^mdo@{n ""_hmnwéfoU {Zdo{XVm'' B{V
H$a| V~ ^JdmZ²_|gy§ {MÎm {ZH${gHo$ dm dñVw_| Më`mo Om`. Eg|hr g~ BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo ñdH$s`ËdoZ² A“rH$mamV² VWm Z H$[aî`{V B{V AW©….
ì`mnma dmhrHo$ AZwHy$b hmo` V~ ~{h_w©IVm hmo`doH$mo gå^d ho. Amoa {OVZmo
dm_| `ËZ H$ao {VVZmo godm_| à{V~ÝY hmo`. Vog|hr Y_©, AW© Amoa H$m_ ò Q>rH$m : BVZ|, bm¡{H$H$ {MÝVm Z hmo`. VWm{n ^JdmZ²Ho${bò hþ {MÝVm Z
{ÌdJ©Ho${bò ^ŠV `{X l_ H$ao Vmo ^JdmZ² dmHw$ {Zî\$b H$aV h|, Vmgy§ H$aZr. A“rH$ma ^ògy§hr ^JdmZ² Amnhr g~ {gÕ H$a|Jo Egmo {dídmg OrdH$m|
^JdËH¥$VŸ-Ÿà{V~ÝYhþ Vm_| hmo`. Amoa Omo `ËZ Z H$ao Vmo ^JdmZ²H$m| {d{Z`moJ Adí` amIZmo M{hò. Amoa ^JdmZ²H$mohþ Egmo {Z`_ ho Omo OmH$mo A“rH$ma {H$`mo
H$[adoH$m| H$Nw> hmo` Zmht V~ Xw:I hmo`, Eg| ^JdXr`Z²H$m| {MÝVm hmo`, VmH$s dmH$mo nmbZ Adí` H$aZmo. Vmgy§ H$Xm{MV² narjmHo${bò AWdm àmaãYHo$
{Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò CnXoe H$aV h|Ÿ: ^moJHo${bò à^w {dbå~ H$a| Vmohþ {MÝVm Z H$aZr. Ord nw{ï>_mJ©_| aømo ho Vmgy§,
dm_| _`m©Xm_mJu` d¡am½`m{XH$ hmo` Zmht Vmohþ, AmMm`m©Ûmam ^JdmZ²H$m| {Zdo{XV
{MÝVm H$m@{n Z H$m`m© {Zdo { XVmË_m{^: H$Xm@nr{VŸ&& ^`mo ho Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²Zo ""ò Ord ñdH$s` ho'' Eg| {~Mm[aHo$ dmH$mo A“rH$ma
^JdmZ{n nw{ï>ñWmo Z H$[aî`{V bm¡{H$H$s¨ M J{V_²Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& {H$`mo ho. Vmgy§ Xygao bmoH${H$gr Zm§B© Hw$Qw>å~m{XH$Z²_| AmgpŠV hmo`Jr Vmohþ
^JdmZ² bm¡{H$H$J{V Zmht H$a|JoŸ&&1Ÿ&&
{Zdo{XVmË_{^:Ÿ=ŸAmË_{ZdoXZ {H$ò ^ŠVZ²Hw§$
H$XmŸ=ŸH$moB© H$mb_| Am{n={ZpíMV ê$ngy§ Eg| {MÝVm N>mo{‹S>dogy§ ñdÀN>ÝXnZoH$mo ì`dhma Am` Om`Jmo, Vmgy§ ~{h_w©IVm
hmo`Jr Eg| H$moC H$ho Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, H$mŸ=ŸH$moC nw{ï>ñW:Ÿ=ŸH¥$nm_| pñWV h|
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, {MÝVmŸ=Ÿ{MÝVm bm¡{H$H$s¨Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$
{Zdo X Z§ Vw ñ_V© ì `§ gd© W m VmÑe¡ a ² OZ¡ … Ÿ&&
ZŸ=ŸZmht, H$m`m©Ÿ=ŸH$aZr JqVŸ=ŸJ{VHw§$, ZŸ=ŸZmht
gd} í daíM gdm© Ë _m {ZOo À N>mV… H$[aî`{VŸ&&2Ÿ&&
B{VŸ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$, ^JdmZ²Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo
VmÑe¡:Ÿ=ŸVmÑer gd}ída…Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²Ho$ B©ída

^mdmW© : {OZZ| AnZo AmË_m{XH$ g~ {Zdo{XV {H$ò h| {dZH$m| H$mhþ g_` H$moC
~mVH$s {MÝVm H$V©ì` Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo ò Ord nw{ï>_mJ©_| aømo ho Vmgy§ ^JdmZ² OZ¡:Ÿ=ŸbmoJZ²Hw§$ MŸ=ŸAmoa
{ZdoXZ§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZdoXZH$mo gdm©Ë_mŸ=Ÿg~Z²Ho$ AmË_mê$n
247 248
VwŸ=ŸVmo (Ÿ^JdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Ÿ) {ZdoXZH$mo ñ_aU H$aZmo. AWdm gd©Wm Omo VmÑeOZ hm|` BVZ| ^JdXr` hm|`
gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ àH$magy§ {ZOoÀN>mV…Ÿ=ŸAnZr BÀN>mHo$ AZwgma {VZHo$ g§J {ZdoXZH$mo ñ_aU H$aZmo. _yb_| "gd©Xm'nX hmo` Vmo h_|em {ZdoXZH$mo
ñ_V©ì`m§Ÿ=Ÿñ_aU H$aZmo H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo ñ_aU H$aZmo Egmo AW© g_OZmo. Eg| gd©H$mb ñ_aU Z H$ao Vmo Amgwamdoe hmo`.
H$Xm{MV² Abm¡{H$H$ AWdm bm¡{H$H$ AW©H$s {g{ÕHo${bò à^yZ²H$s àmW©Zm
H$aZr Ho$ Ho$g|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo àmW©Zm Zmht H$aZr. Š`m| Omo
^mdmW© : gd©Wm Omo VmÑe ^ò h| BVZ| {Zdmo{XVmË_m ^ò h| {VZH$m| Adí` {OZ_| {ZdoXZ {H$`mo ho do g~ZHo$ B©ída h| Amoa g~ZHo$ AmË_m h| gmo AnZr
{ZdoXZH$mo ñ_aU H$aZmo. à^w g~Z²Ho$ B©ída h| Amoa g~Z²Ho$ AmË_m h|. gmo AnZr BÀN>mV| H$a|Jo. AWdm {OZH$s BÀN>m_| {dH$ma Zmht hmo` {VZ ^ŠVZ²H$s BÀN>m
BÀN>mV| H$a|Jo. à_mU à^w H$a|Jo.
àH$me : Ed§ MoV², ñdmÀN>ÝÚ-ì`dhmamnÎ`m ~m{h_w©»`§ ñ`mV² AV Amhþ: Xohm{XH$ g~ ^JdmZ²H$m| A{n©V {H$ò h| VmH$mo {d{Z`moJ ór-nwÌm{XH$Z²_|
{ZdoXZ_² B{V. hmo` V~ ñdY_©H$s hm{Z hmo` Egr {MÝVm hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
gd©Xm gdmªeoZ Xr`ËdmZwgÝYmZoZ VWm Z ^{dî`{V B{V ^md…. AeŠË`m gd} f m§ à^w g å~ÝYmo Z àËò H $_² B{V pñW{V…Ÿ&&
godmÚgå^do@{n BX§ H$m`©_od B{V kmnZm` "Vw'eãX…. "M'H$manjo g_wÀM`….
AVmo@Ý`{d{Z`moJo@{n {MÝVm H$m ñdñ` gmo@{n MoV²Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
gd©Wm BË`ñ` Amdí`H$ËdkmnZm`. AWdm gd©Wm ò VmÑem {Zdo{XVmË_ËdoZ
VËnam… V¡… gh VWm. EVoZ g“Xmofmo {Zdm[aV…. AVmÑeofw EVX²JmonZ§ gyÀ`Vo.
gd©Xm B{V nmR>o H$mbmn[aÀN>oX… VÌ CÀ`Vo. AÝ`Wm VX¡d Amgwaàdoe… ñ`mV² gd}fm§Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²H$mo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, H$mŸ=ŸHo$gr
B{V ^md…. H$Xm{MV² Abm¡{H$H$mW©ñ` bm¡{H$H$ñ` dm {gÕçWª à^w… àmW©Zr`: à^wgå~ÝY…Ÿ=Ÿà^wHo$ g§J gå~ÝY {MÝVmŸ=Ÿ{MÝVm, MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X
B{V àíZo, Z B{V Amhþ… gd}ída… B{V. AÌ "gd©'eãXmo {Zdo{XVmË_-gd©na…. àËòH§$Ÿ=ŸEH$-EH$H$mo, ZŸ=ŸZmht, ñdñ`Ÿ=ŸAnwZmo
`Wm ""gd} ~«m÷Um ^moO{`Vì`m'' BË`Ì {Z_pÝÌVmEd "gd©'nXoZ CÀ`ÝVo, ZVw B{VŸ=ŸEgmo, pñW{V…Ÿ=Ÿ{gÕmÝVŸho g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo(ŸAÝ`{d{Z`moJ hmo` VmoŸ)
AÝò{n. "gdm©Ë_'nXo{n Ed§ ko`_². VoZ godH$m… gd} `Wm-`Wm ànÝZm… VWm-
AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§ A{nŸ=Ÿhþ(ŸH$mŸ=ŸHo$gr;
VWm à^wa{n Vofw A“rH¥$Vñdm{_Ëd AmË_r`Ëd_od Vofw _ZwVB{V V{ÕVH¥$Vm¡ Z
àmW©Zm_² AnojVo B{V kmß`Vo. AWdm H$mbm{X{Z`m_H$ËdoZ Z VËH¥$Vmo@{n AÝ`{d{Z`moJoŸ=ŸAmoa H$hþ§ {d{Z`moJ {MÝVmŸ=Ÿ{MÝVmŸ!Ÿ)
à{V~ÝYgå^d: BÀN>m`m_² B{V kmnZm` "gd©'nX§ H$mbm{Xna_². àm{W©Vmo@{n hmo`dono
ñd{dMm[aV_od H$[aî`Vr{V àmW©Zm{n Aà`mo{OH$m B{V kmnZm` {ZOoÀN>m B{V ^mdmW© : AmË_m ghrV AmË_r` g_J« nXmW©Z²Hw§$ lrh[aH$mo gå~ÝY g_mZhr ho,
CŠV_². AWdm {ZOm… ñdr`ËdoZ A“rH¥$Vm… godH$m… Vofm§ àMwaoÀN>mV… ñd`_od AbJ-AbJ Zmht ho. Vmgy§ AmË_r` dñVyZ²H$mo AnZo_|; Amoa AnZmo AmË_r`
Ano{jV§ H$[aî`Vr{V Z àmW©Zmnojm B{V AW©…. naÝVw BÀN>m`m A{dH¥$VËd_od dñVyZ²_| {d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmohþ H$hm {MÝVm H$aZrŸ! AWm©V² H$moB VahH$s {MÝVm
Ano{jV_² B{V kmnZm` Aì``à`moJ…. Zmht ho.
Q>rH$m : gd©Wm Omo VmÑe ^ò h|, BVZ|, {Zdmo{XVmË_m ^ò h|, {VZH$m| Adí` àH$me : ZZw ^JdVo g_{n©VXohmXo… ór-nwÌm{Xfw {d{Z`moJoZ ñdY_©hm{Z{MÝVm
249 250
~mYVo. VÌ Amhþ… gd}fm_² B{V. {d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmohþ {MÝVm Z H$aZr `m {df`_| H$hV h|Ÿ:
ñdmË_Zm gh `mdÝVmo {Zdo{XVm… V¡… gh¡d ñdñ` A“rH$mamV² Vofm§ gd}fm_od AkmZmX² AWdm kmZmV² H¥ $ V_² AmË_{Zdo X Z_² Ÿ &&
à^wgå~ÝYmo, Z Vw àmYmÝ`mV² ñdñ`¡do{V VÌ Cn`moJo ñdñ` H$m {MÝVmŸ! Z `¡ : H¥ $ îUgmËH¥ $ VàmU¡ g ² Vo f m§ H$m n[aXo d ZmŸ&&4Ÿ&&
H$m{n B{V AW©…. B`§ {ZdoXoZo A“rH$ma_`m©Xm B{V Amhþ… pñW{V… B{V. H$ñ`{MV²
{deo f Vmo A“rH$ma… Mo V ² gm nw { ï>… B{V ^md…. AWdm nw Ì mXrZm_²
`¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{OZZ| kmZmV²Ÿ=ŸkmZgy§
AÝ`{d{Z`moJXe©Z@o {n ñdñ` H$m {MÝVmŸ! Vofm_{n A“rH$maoUd¡ H¥$VmW©Vmgå^dmV²
B{V AW©…. {H$ÄM, "ñdñ`' B{VnX_² Amd¥Îm_² "A{n'eãXoZ gå~Ü`Vo. H¥$îUmgmËH¥$VàmU¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{OZZ| AnZo AmË_{ZdoXZ§Ÿ=ŸAmË_{ZdoXZ
àmU lrH¥$îUHo$ g§J EH$_oH$ H¥$V§Ÿ=Ÿ{H$`mo ho
Q>rH$m : g~Z²gm| à^wH$mo gå~ÝY ho, EH$H$mo _w»` gå~ÝY ho Amoa AÝ`H$mo Jm¡U H$[a XrZo h| {dZZ| Vofm§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHw§$
gå~ÝY ho Eg| Zmht ho. Egr {ZdoXZ_| A“rH$maH$s _`m©Xm ho. `mgy§ Omo {dbjU AkmZmV²Ÿ=ŸAkmZgy§ H$mŸ=ŸHo$gr
hmo`Ÿ-ŸBVZ| g~Z²H$mo A“rH$ma g_mZ hmo` VWm{n H$moCHo$ D$na {deof H¥$nm AWdmŸ=ŸAWdm n[aXodZmŸ=Ÿ{MÝVm
XrIdo_| AmdoŸ-Ÿ Vmo Vm_|hþ AnZ| gÝVmof _mZZmo. AWm©V² {ZdoXZ H$[adoHo$ g_`
Vmo EH$ _w»` hmo`Ho$ AnZo g§J Xygao g~Z²H$m| An©U H$ao ho, V~ AnZr _w»`Vm ^mdmW© : {OZ ^ŠVZ²Z| kmZgm| AWdm AkmZgm| hþ EH$ ~oa O~ AmË_{ZdoXZ
hmo` ho. naÝVw {ZdoXZ ^ò nrN>o Vmo AnZmo AmË_m, Xoh, àmU, BpÝÐ`, AÝV:H$aU, H$a {X`mo ho nmN>| {dZHw§$ {MÝVm H$[adoH$s Zmht a{h Om` ho V~ {OZZ| lrh[aHo$
ór, nwÌ, YZ g~Z²H$mo g_mZ {ZdoXZ hmo` ho. Vm_| Oog| YZm{XH$ AMoVZ AYrZ àmU H$a {Xò h| Ego ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ H$moZgr {MÝVm H$[adoH$s ahr Om` hoŸ!
nXmW©Z²H$mo nañna {d{Z`moJ hmo` ho Vm_| Oog| {MÝVm Zmht hmo` ho Vog| órnwÌm{XH$ AWm©V² CZHw§$ H$moB© VahH$s {MÝVm Zmht H$aZr.
MoVZH$mo nañna {d{Z`moJ hmo`do_|hþ AnZ²H$m| {MÝVm H$hm hoŸ! Vog|hr AnZmohþ
AÝ`_| {d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmohþ {MÝVm H$hm hoŸ!
àH$me : `Wm nwÌmXrZm_² VWm ñdñ`m{n g…Ÿ=ŸAÝ`{d{Z`moJ… MoV² VXm{n
{MÝVm Z H$m`m© B{V Amhþ… AkmZmX² B{V.
`mgy§ Egmo {gÕ ^`mo Omo AnZ² g_n©U {H$`mo V~ AnZo g§J ór-
nwÌm{XH$H$mohþ g_n©U ^`mo gmo {dZ_| AnZmo gå~ÝY hVmo VmH$mo g_n©U ^`mo ho.
Amoa órnwÌm{XH$Z²H$s Omo ñdVÝÌ gÎmm ho gmo g_n©U H$[adoHo${bò {VZH$m| {^ÝZ- hrZŸ-Ÿ_Ü`_m{YH$m[a{â{n {Zdo{XVmË_{^… {MÝVm Z H$m`m© ^d{V `Ì, VÌ
{^ÝZ g_n©U H$aZmo M{hò. V~ "{gÕmÝVahñ`'_| H$ho à_mU AnZo-AnZo H¥$îUgmËH¥$àmU¡… {MÝVm Z H$m`m© B{V {H$_w dmÀ`_²Ÿ! B{V AW©…. Ho$db§
nÄMXmofZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo`. Amoa YZm{XH$ O‹S> nXmW©_| AnZr ñdVÝÌ gÎmm aho àädYrZrH¥$VàmUmZm§ {MÝVm{df`m^mdmXod Z gm B{V ^md…. AVEd "H$m' B{V
ho, Vmgy§ AnZo g_n©UHo$ g§Jhr {dZH$mo g_n©U hmo` J`mo Amoa do {ZXw©ï> hmo` Jò eãX: CŠV…. nXgå~ÝYñVwŸ- AkmZmX² AWdm kmZmV² `¡… VV² H¥$V_² Vofm§ gm
Eg| OmZZmoŸ&&3Ÿ&& Z B{V eof…. H¥$îUgmËH¥$VàmU¡… `¡… VËH¥$V_² Vofm§ gm H$m B{V CŠV_²Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
Oog| nwÌm{XH$Z²Ho$ AÝ`{d{Z`moJ_| {MÝVm Zmht H$aZr Vog| AnZmo AÝ` Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ² gd©ê$n h|, _mJ©Ho$ àdV©H$ h|, CnXoeH$Ÿ=ŸJwé h|, {Zad{Y
gpÀXXmZÝXñdê$n h|; VWm ^JdmZ²H$m| g~ {ZdoXZ H$aZmo gmo na_\$bê$n
251 252
hoŸ- BË`m{XH$ kmZ {OZH$m| Zmht ho Ego hrZm{YH$mar, Amoa Egmo kmZ {OZH$m| hmo` Om` Vmohþ {MÝVmH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZmo. Š`m|, lrh[a ñd`§ g_W© h|.
ho Ego _Ü`_m{YH$mar hþ {Zdo{XVmË_m hm|` Vmo {dZH$m| {MÝVm H$V©ì` Zmht
ho V~ {OZZo Ho$db à^yZ²H$m|hr AnZo àmU AmYrZ {H$ò h| Eg| Omo àH$me : ZZw g»`mË_{ZdoXZo {h ^JdX“rH$maoU¡d gånÚoVo. VWm M ñd`_²
CÎm_m{YH$mar h| {VZH$m| Vmo {MÝVmhr H$hm hoŸ!Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& AmË_{ZdoXZo H¥$Vo@{n à^w… A“rH¥$VdmZ² Zdm B{V {MÝVm ^dËòd, BË`V: Amhþ…
VWm B{V.
ldUm{XH$ Zd ^pŠVZ²_|gy§ ldU, H$sV©Z Amoa ñ_aU ò OrdHo$ AmYrZ h|.
VWm nmXgodZHo$ Xmo` ôX h|. Vm_| EH$ Vmo AnZ| nmXH$[aH|$ ^JdÝ_pÝXam{XH$_| nwéfmoÎm_mo A“rH¥$VdmZ² Zdm B{V {ZdoXZ{df{Ùr `m gm Ë`mÁ`m,
OmZmo. gmo Vmo OrdHo$ AmYrZ ho. n[a, Xygamo, ^JdmZ²Ho$ MaUma{dÝXH$mo godZ CŠV{ZdoXZdV² B{V AW©…. nwéfmoÎm_oZ {ZamoYbrbm`m§ ñdVmo@Ý`ÔZ§ {H«$`_mUm
H$aZmo, gmo à^yZH² $o AmYrZ ho. Vogh| r AM©Z, dÝXZ Amoa Xmñ` ho gmohþ goì`ñdê$n_| ^ŠVm… VpÝZdm`© ñd`_² AmË_gmËH¥$Vo{V VmÑeo ñd`§ gdm©Ë_Zm {ZdoXZo H¥$Vo gm
M¡VÝ`H$mo àmH$Q²ç Z hmo` Vmohþ ~Z gHo$ ho. naÝVw g»` Amoa AmË_{ZdoXZ Vmo e‘>m Z C{MVm B{V kmnZm` "nwéfmoÎm_'nX_². VÌm{n ñdê$nmZÝXXmZoZ A{Ze§
goì`ñdê$n_| M¡VÝ`H$mo àmH$Q²ç hmo` Amoa à^w Amnw ñdrH$ma H$a| V~hr hmo` gHo$ nmoî`_mUmZm§ ^ŠVmZm§ V{XVaÌ Cn`moJmgå^doZ¡d Z e‘>moX`: B{V kmnZm`
ho. Amoa A~ Vmo à^wH$mo dogmo gmZw^md ho Zmht V~, AnZ| Omo AmË_{ZdoXZ {H$`mo "lr'nX_². VWm M VÚwŠVo VÌ {ZdoXZo gm Ë`mÁ`m B{V ^md…. H$Xm{MV²
ho dmH$mo à^yZ²Z| A“rH$ma {H$`mo ho qH$dm Zmht {H$`mo hoŸ? Egr {MÝVm Vmo hmo` bmoH$^`mÚwnpñWVm¡ VpÝZdmaUm` Ordñd^mddemV² AÝ`{d{Z`moJo@{n VWm B{V
Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: Amhþ… {d{Z`moJo{n B{V. à_mXmV² VWmgå^do@{n à^w… Z Ë`ú`{V. `V…
VËñd^mddemV² VWm^yV_{n CÕVªw
VWm {Zdo X Zo {MÝVm Ë`mÁ`m lrnw é fmo Î m_o Ÿ && VËgmYZmZnoj….
{d{Z`mo J o @ {n gm Ë`mÁ`m g_Wm} {h h[a… ñdV…Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : lr`wŠV nwéfmoÎm__| {ZdoXZ {df`H$ {MÝVm N>mo‹S>Zr. BVZ| Oog| g~ Jmon
{ZdoXZoŸ=Ÿ{ZdoXZHo$ {df`_| BÝÐH$mo `k H$aV hVo {VZH$m| {Zd¥ÎmH$[aHo$ AnZo AmYrZ {H$ò Vog| AnZ|
lrnwéfmoÎm_oŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ {df`_| gdm©Ë_mgm| à^yZ²_| g~ {ZdoXZ {H$`mo ho V~ {MÝVm H$aZr `mo½` Zmht ho. Vm_|hþ
{MÝVmŸ=Ÿ{MÝVm gmŸ=Ÿdmo({MÝVmŸ) lr`wŠV nwéfmoÎm_ h| gmo AnZo ñdê$nmZÝXH$mo XmZ H$[aHo$ ^ŠVZ²H$mo nmofU H$aV
h|. {VZ_| {ZdoXZ {H$`mo gmo à^yZ²Z| A“rH$ma {H$`mo ho AWdm Zmht {H$`mo hoŸ?
Ë`mÁ`mŸ=ŸN>mo‹S>Zr Ë`mÁ`mŸ=ŸN>mo‹S>Zr
Egr {MÝVm N>mo‹S>Zr. H$Xm{MV² H$mb^`m{XH$ Am` Om` V~ dmH$mo {ZdmaU
VWmŸ=ŸAmoa hrŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§ H$[adoHo${bò Ordñd^mdgy§ AÝ`{d{Z`moJ hmo` Vmohþ {MÝVm N>mo‹S>Zr Eg| H$hV h|.
{d{Z`moJoŸ=Ÿ{d{Z`moJ {df`_| h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU, ñdV…Ÿ=ŸAmnw `{X à_mXgy§ Eg| AÝ`{d{Z`moJ hmo` Om` Vmohþ à^w Z N>mo‹S>|J|. Š`m| Omo ñd^mdHo$
A{nŸ=Ÿ^r g_W©…Ÿ=Ÿg~ àH$magy§ epŠV_mZ² h| degy§ Ord Eg| ^`mo Vmohþ dmH$mo CÕma H$[ado_| dmgy§ gmYZH$s Anojm à^w Zmht
amIV h|, Amn-ñdV… hr g_W© h|. Amoa g~ZHo$ Xw…I VWm nmnHo$ haU
^mdmW© : ""_oamo {ZdoXZ lrh[aZo ñdrH$ma {H$`mo Ho$ Zmht'' Eg| lrnwéfmoÎm_gå~ÝY H$[adodmao h|Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
{df`H$ {MÝVmH$mohþ n[aË`mJ H$aZmo. VWm H$Xm{MV² AÝ` H$m`m©{XH$_| {d{Z`moJ
253 254
^JdmZ²Z| A“rH$ma {H$`mo hmo` Vm_| Xygam| bjU H$hV h|Ÿ: nw{ï>_mJ©_| A“rH$ma ^`mo V~ _`m©XmH$m| ghZ Zmht H$aV h|. Eg| bm¡{H$H$
VWm d¡{XH$ _| {d¿Z hmo` V~ H$hm H$aZmoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
bmo H o $ ñdmñÏ`§ VWm do X o h[añVw Z H$[aî`{VŸ&& Omo g~ ^ŠV gm{jdV² hmo` OmAmo. BVZ| bm¡{H$H$ VWm d¡{XH$ _| ^JdmZ²
H$hm H$aV h| òhr XoIZmo. AWm©V² gßV_ ñH$ÝY_| ^JdXr` J¥hñWHo$ bjU_|
nw { ï> _ mJ© p ñWVmo `ñ_mV² gm{jUmo ^dVm@{Ibm…Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
{b»`mo ho Omo ""km{VHo$ _Zwî`, _mVm-{nVm, nwÌ Amoa Xygao gå~ÝYr Oogo
H$h| Amoa Oogr BÀN>m H$a| dm_| __Vm N>m{o S‹ >H$| AZw_moXZhr H$aZmo'' ò dmŠ`Ho$
`ñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|H$o Ÿ(ŸOrdŸ/Ÿh[aŸ) VwŸ=ŸVmo, ZŸ=ŸZmht AZwgma ahZmo. Eg| aho gmohþ ^JdmZ²Ho$ A“rH$maH$mo bjU hoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
nw{ï>_mJ©pñWV…Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_mJ©_|Ÿaho ^ò h| H$[aî`{V=H$a|Jo
(ŸVñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgy§Ÿ) (Vñ‘mV²=Vmgy§, bmoH$-doXH$‘©gw= bm¡{H$H$Ÿ-Ÿd¡{XH$_| {d¿Z hmo` Vmohþ gm{jdV² ^JdmZ²H$s H¥${V XoIZr, Egmo
h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$ H$‘©Z²‘|) CnXoe {H$`mo. VmH$[aH|$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$, AmÜ`mpË_H$ Amoa Am{YX¡{dH$ Eg| VrZ
bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_|, VWmŸ=ŸAmoa A{Ibm…Ÿ=Ÿg~, gm{jU…Ÿ=Ÿgmjr àH$maH$mo Y¡`©hr gmYZê$n H$ømo Egmo {gÕ hmo` ho. BVZmohr H$V©ì` hmo` V~
doXoŸ=ŸdoX_|, ñdmñÏ`§Ÿ=ŸñdñWVm ^dVŸ=ŸhmoCŸ/Ÿ~Zmo `WmW© godm Vmo ~Z gHo$ Zmht, V~ {ZdoXZH$s ì`W©Vm hmo`, òhþ Y_©H$s hm{Z
ho, Egr {MÝVm hmo` VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmH$mo Cnm` H$hV h|Ÿ:
^mdmW© : Š`m|Ho$ Ord Amoa à^w AZwJ«h_mJ©_| pñWV h| Vmgm| lrh[a bmoH$ Amoa
doX _| AmgpŠV Zmht H$amd|Jo. Vmgm| bmoH$-doX gå~pÝY H$m`© gm{j_mÌ a{hHo$ go d mH¥ $ {Va² Jw a mo a ² Amkm ~mYZ§ dm harÀN>`mŸ&&
H$aZo. AV… go d mna§ {MÎm§ {dYm` ñWr`Vm§ gw I _² Ÿ &&7Ÿ&&
àH$me : A“rH$mao bjUmÝVa_{n Amhþ… bmoH$o B{V. Jwamo…Ÿ=ŸJwéH$s (ŸgodmH¥${V…Ÿ=ŸgodmH$mo H$m`©Ÿ)

Amkm@~mYZ§ (Ÿ`Wmñ`mÎmWmŸ)Ÿ= AV:Ÿ`mgy§
H$Xm{MV² àdmhdemV² bm¡{H$Ho$ dm{UÁ`mXm¡, d¡{XHo$ Aml_Y_m©Xm¡ dm pñWVm¡ AmkmH$mo ~mY Oogo Zmht hmo` Ego godmna§Ÿ=Ÿgodm_| namÙ
VÌ {d¿ZEd ^d{V, ZVw VË\$b_² B{V AW©…. VÌ hoVw… nw{ï>... B{V. V{ÛZm{n godmH¥${V…Ÿ=ŸgodmH$mo H$m`© {MÎm§Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎmHw§$
ñd~boZ¡d gd©H$Vm© `V: B{V ^md…. nw{ï>_mJm©“rH$mao _`m©Xm§ Z ghVo B{V ko`_². dmŸ=ŸAWdm {dYm`Ÿ=Ÿa{IHo$
Ed§ g{V qH$ H$m`©_² B{V AmH$mL²>jm`m_² Amhþ…Ÿ- gm{jdV² VËH¥$V§ ní`V. harÀN²`mŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s BÀN>m à_mU gwI§Ÿ=ŸgwI, ñWr`Vm_Ÿ=Ÿahm
Q>rH$m : bm¡{H$H$ dm{UÁ`m{XH$Z²_| VWm d¡{XH$ Aml_Y_m©{XH$Z²_| ^ŠVZ²H$o ^mdmW© : JwéH$s AmkmZwgma godm H$aZr. {H$ÝVw à^w H$~hþH$ AmnwZr {deof
Xw:IhVm©Ÿ=Ÿh[a ñdñWVm Z H$a|Jo. AWm©V² bm¡{H$H$ VWm d¡{XH$ _| H$m`m, BÀN>m ^ŠVHw§$ OVmd| Vmo à^wH$s BÀN>mHo$ AZwgmahr H$aZmo. Ego_| JwéH$s AmkmHo$
dmUr VWm _Z gy§ AmN>r ar{Vgy§ pñW{V hmo` Vm_| {d¿Z hmo`. BVZ| bm¡{H$H$ ~mY hmo`do_| AWdm A~mY_| à^wgodm_|hr {MÎmHw§$ VËna am{IHo$ gwIgy§ ahZmo.
VWm d¡{XH$ H$m`©hþ `WmW© Z hmo` Vhm§ dmH$mo \$b Vmo H$hm§gy§ hmo`Ÿ? Š`m|
Omo à^w Amn h[a h|. gmo AnZo ~bH$[aH|$hr g~ {gÕ H$[adodmao h|. Vmgy§
255 256
àH$me : godmH¥${V… BVr. Jwdm©km`m A~mYZ§ `Wm ^d{V VWm godmH¥${V… nyd©_² {dYm`Ÿ=ŸH$[aHo$, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ brbmŸ=Ÿbrbm, B{VŸ=ŸEgmo
Ano{jVm. Ed§ dV©_mZmZm§ H$Xm{MX² {deofVmo ^JdXmkm MoV² Jwdm©km {dê$Õm h[a:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU, `V²-`V²Ÿ=ŸOmo-Omo _ËdmŸ=Ÿ_m{ZHo$
^doV² VXm VWm H$m`©_² B{V AmeòZ Amhþ… ~mYZ§ dm harÀN>`m. {dH$ënoZ H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo(ŸVV²Ÿ=dmoŸ) {MÝVm§Ÿ=Ÿ{MÝVmHw§$, ÐwV§Ÿ=ŸVwaÝV
A~mYZ_² B{V AW©…. Ed§ g{V Jwdm©km`m A~mYZo ~mYZo dm godmEd _w»`m `Vmo
Vñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$s ËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸN>mo‹S> Xo
AV… VW¡d ñWo`_² B{V Amhþ… AV: B{V. Ed§ g{V n`©d{gV§ gwI_od B{V
AmeòZ gwI_² B{V CŠV_².
^mdmW© : ^JdmZ² {MÎm_| CÛoJ H$[aHo$ hþ OmoŸ-ŸOmo H$a|J| gmohþ h[aH$s brbm ho Eg|
_m{ZHo$ {MÝVmHw§$ erK«hr N>mo‹S>o.
Q>rH$m : ""Xod_| Oogr CÎm_ ^pŠV hmo` ho Vogr ^pŠV Jwé_| amIZr'' Eg|
ídoVmídValw{V_| {b»`mo ho. Vmgy§ JwéH$s Amkmà_mU godm H$aZr gmo AmË_{ZdoXrZ²H$mo
Y_© ho. gmo Oog| gm{jdV² ahrdo_| {gÕ aho Vog| gm{jdV² ahZmo. na§Vw godmH$s àH$me : H$Xm{MV² nwÌm{X-{d`moJ-e‘>mO{ZV-Xw:IoZ {MÝVmgå^do J{V_² Amhþ…
{dê$ÕVmgy§ gm{jdV² Zmht ahZmo. Vm_|hþ JwéH$s BÀN>mgy§ {dê$Õ à^yZ²H$s BÀN>m {MÎmmoÛoJ_² B{V.
godm_| hmo` Vmo JwéH$s BÀN>mH$mo ~mY hmo`.
Q>rH$m : Oog| bmoH$_`m©XmHo$ ajUHo${bò `mXdZ²H$m| emn {Xdm`Ho$ ^JdmZ²Z|
BVZ| Om à_mU godm H$[adoH$s Jwê$Z²H$s Amkm ho dmhr à_mU godm H$aZr. à^mgr`brbm H$ar, Š`m| Omo AJm‹S>r `mXdZ²H$m| {ZË`gwI {X`mo ho, Vog| ^ŠVZ²Ho$
Amoa godm_| gm_J«r à^¥{V {df`_| AÝV:H$aUÛmam, ñdßZÛmam AWdm gmjmV² àmaãYm{Xê$n nmn h[adoHo${bò h[aŸ=Ÿ^JdmZ² Omo H$a|Jo, gmo D$nagy§ ew^ AWdm
^JdmZ²H$s {deof Amkm hmo` V~ Jwê$Z²H$s AmkmH$mo ~mY hmo`, à^yZ²H$s Aew^ XrIdo_| AmdVmo hmo`, Vm_| {MÎmH$m| CÛoJ hmo`. gmo CÛoJ H$[aHo$ h[a OmoŸ-
AmkmH$mo ~mY Z hmo`. à^yZ²H$s Amkmà_mU godm H$[ad|V| ñdY_©H$s hm{Z Z ŸOmo H$a|J| gmo AnZmo (Ÿ^ŠVHo$Ÿ) _hËnmn hmo` VmH$mo Zme H$[adoHo${bò h[aH$s
hmo`. AWm©V² Jwê$Z²H$s Amkm {gÕ aho Vog| AWdm à^yZ²H$s BÀN>mgy§ Jwê$Z²H$s brbm ho, Eg| _m{ZHo$ CÛoJ H$am`dodmar AWdm CÛoJgy§ ^B© Egr {MÝVmHw§$ erK«hr
AmkmH$mo ~mY hmo` Vog| godmhr H$aZr. Š`m| Omo AmË_{ZdoXrZ²H$m| godmhr _w»` N>mo‹S>o. Š`m| Omo ~mohmoV g_` {MÝVm a{hdo_| H$mb, H$_© Amoa ñd^md H$s
ho. Vmgy§ godmnamÙ {MÎm am{IHo$hr ahZmo V~ n`©dgmZ_| dmH$m| gwIhr hmo`Ÿ&&7Ÿ&& à~bVmgy§ {MÎm_| AmgwaY_©H$mo àdoe hmo` Om` Vmo \$b_| à{V~ÝY VWm {dbå~
hmo`. Vmgy§ {MÝVmHw§$ erK«hr N>moS>ZrŸ&&8Ÿ&&
Aën Xw…I hmo` V~ Vmo Eg| gm{jdV² aømo Om` naÝVw _hmXw…I Am` n‹S>o
V~ gm{jdV² ahr gŠ`mo Z Om`, V~ Vmo {MÝVm hmo`Ÿ! Egr H$moD$ e‘>m H$ao Vhm§ `m ZdaËZJ«ÝW_| {OVZmo {b»`mo ho gmo g~ hmo` gH|$ Zmht Egmo XrIo ho.
H$hV h|Ÿ: Š`m| Omo ZdYm^pŠV_| àW_ Egr Omo ldU^pŠV dhm§g§y Amaå^ H$[aHo$ g»`^pŠV
n`©ÝV nhÿ§Mo V~ Om`Ho$ AÝV_| AmË_{ZdoXZ²H$s ~mar Amdo. Vhm§ ZdYm^pŠVH$s
ldUm{X àËòH$ ^pŠVH$s {g{Õ hmoZr O~ XwîH$a ho V~ {ZdoXZ²H$s Vmo {Xemhþ
{MÎmmo Û o J § {dYm`m@{n h[aa² `X² ` V² H$[aî`{VŸ&&
{_bZr AË`ÝV XyaH$s ~mV ho. Vmgy§ {ZdoXZ{df`H$ VWm AÝ`{d{Z`moJ{df`H$
VW¡ d Vñ` brbo { V _Ëdm {MÝVm§ Ðw V § ËÒo V ² Ÿ &&8Ÿ&& {MÝVmH$mo Omo g_mYmZ A~ Vm§B© {H$`mo gmo g~ ì`W© XrIo hoŸ- Egmo {dMm[aH|$
gmYZ Amoa \$b EH$ H$[aH|$ g~Z²H$mo g_mYmZ H$hV h|Ÿ:
{MÎmmoÛoJ§Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎm_| CÛoJHw§$ VWm EdŸ=Ÿdogr hr
257 258
Vñ_mV² gdm© Ë _Zm {ZË`§ lrH¥ $ îU… eaU§ __Ÿ&& AÝYñ` gy ` © Bd VX² - {d_w I ñ`mÌ Zm{W© V mŸ&&1Ÿ&&
dXpX² ^ a² Ed§ gVV§ ñWo ` _² BËò d _o _{V…Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& ^pŠV_mJ© g w Y m{gÝYmo a ² {dMma_WZ¡ : ñd`_² Ÿ &&
ñ\w $ Q>rH¥ $ Vm{Z aËZm{Z lr_XmMm`© n pÊS>V¡ : Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgy§ gVV§Ÿ=ŸgVV _`mo ‚ dbrH¥ $ VmZrËW§ ö{X Y¥ Ë dm d« O m{Yn_² Ÿ &&
gdm©Ë_ZmŸ=Ÿg~ Vahgy§ dXpX²^…Ÿ=Ÿ~mobVo ^ò ÔÝVw ^ŠVm ò Z mgm¡ Z {d_w Ä M{V H${h© { MV² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
{ZË`§Ÿ=Ÿh_|em, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§, ñWo`§Ÿ=ŸahZmo
lrH¥$îU…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU B{VŸ=ŸEgmo, EdŸ=Ÿhr Ÿ&& B{V lr{dQ²>R>bXr{jV{da{MVmo ZdaËZàH$me: g_mßV: Ÿ&&
eaU§Ÿ=ŸAml` (ŸB{VŸ=ŸEgmoŸ) _oŸ=Ÿ_oamo, _{V…Ÿ=Ÿ_mZZmo ho
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, ^pŠV_mJ©_| àdoe ^`mo VWm ^pŠV_mJ©_| é{M ^B© Vm_| ^JdmZ²H$mo
^mdmW© : D$na H$hr Egr ar{Vgy§ OrdZ²H$m| Amngy§ g~ hmoZmo AeŠ` ho Vmgy§ AZwJ«hhr H$maU ho. Eg| ^pŠV_| àdoe ^ò nrN>ohr godm_| à{V~ÝYH$mo gå^d
gdm©Ë_mH$[aH|$ ""lrH¥$îU: eaU§ __'' Eg| {ZË` gd©H$mb ~mobVohr ahZmo Egr hmo`, V~ àmaãY VWm H$mbm{XH$gy§hr hmo`. VmH$s {Zd¥{Îm Vmo g~Z²Ho$ {Z`m_H$
_oar _{V ho. Ego à^yZg§yhr hmo` Amoa Vm_| eaUmJ{Vhr gmYZ ho. gmo Ord à^wHo$ eaU J`mo
hmo` Amoa g~ H$[ado_| à^w VmH$s AepŠV XoI| V~ à^whr g~ {gÕ H$a|. Vmgy§
gdm©Ë_mH$[aH|$ eaUmJ{V hmo`Jr Vmo à^whr g~ {gÕ H$a|Jo, ò JyT> A{^àm` ho.
àH$me : ZZw BX_² A{Ib_² AeŠ`{_d ^m{V. VWm{h. ldU_² Amaä`
V~ àW_gy§hr eaUmJ{VH$mo CnXoe Š`m| Zmht H$`m}Ÿ? Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò
g»`n`©ÝVmJVm¡ {h níMmV² {ZdoXZdmVm©. VÌ àËòH§$ VXod Xwamn{_{V XyaVam
gdm©Ë_mH$[aH|$ eaU_ÝÌ H$ømo H$aZmo Egmo H$ømo ho. BVZ| ^pŠV_mJ© gå~ÝYr
{ZdoXZ{XJ{n. AV… VËH¥$V{MÝVmÝ`{d`moJ{MÝVm{Xg_m{h{V… {ZaWm© B{V {dMm`©
{OVZo {df` h| {VVZo {df`H$mo {~Mma H$[aHo$ Vm_| à{V~ÝY VWm AnZr
gmYZ-\$bo EH$sH¥$Ë` gd©g_mYmZ_² Amhþ… Vñ_mV² B{V.
AepŠV H$m| O~ XoIo V~ gdm©Ë_mH$[aH|$ eaUmJ{V hmo`. (ŸeaU_ÝÌH$mo aQ>UŸ)
{ZaÝVa H$`m} H$aZmo Eg| ~Vm`doHo${bò _yb_| "{ZË`' nX H$ømo ho. AÝV:H$aU_|
`ñ_mV² CŠVarË`m ñdV: gd©_² AeŠ`_² AV: gdm©Ë_Zm eaUmJVm¡ à^waod Vogmo ^md hmo` AWdm Z hmo` VWm{n Vog| ~mobZmo Amdí`H$ hoŸ- Eg| OVm`doH$o {bò
gånmX{`î`{V B{V öX`_². ^pŠV_mJu`mZ² gdm©Z² A§emZ² {dMm`© VÌ à{V~ÝY§ ""gVV ~mobZmo'' Eg| H$ømo ho. Eg| H$ømo H$ao Vm_| bmoH$H$m| {ejmhþ hmo` Om`
ñdmepŠV¨ M g MoV² ní`{V VXm gdm©Ë_Zm VWm ^d{V. {ZË`_² B{V Z¡aÝV`©_² ho. AWdm `h Aï>mja _ÝÌ gVV H$ømo H$aZmo Amoa godmnamÙ hmo`Ho$ ahZmoŸ-
CÀ`Vo. AÝ`Wm H$mboZ AmgwaY_©àdoe: ñ`mV². AÝV:H$aUo VWm^mdo AVWm^do Egmohþ AW© hmo` ho.
dm VWm dXZ_² Amdí`H$_² B{V kmn{`Vw§ gVV_² Ed§ dXpX²^… B{V CŠV_². Ed§
g{V bmoH${ejm{n AmZwf[“H$s {gÜ`{V. Ed_² CŠVàH$maoU godmnaV`m ñWo`_²
òhþ AnZ²gy§ hmo` gHo$ Egmo Zmht ho, Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo ""Egr
B{V AWm} dm. ZZw BX_{n Z ñdeŠ`_² B{V Ame‘>ç ""`_od¡f d¥UwVo'' B{V lwVo…
_oar _{V ho''. BVZ| Xe_ñH$ÝY_| AH«y$aOrZ| lrH¥$îUH$m| H$ømo ho Omo ""AmnHo$
_o _{V… BËòd Ed§àH$m[aH¡$d B{V AW©:.
MaUma{dÝXHo$ eaU_| Am`mo hþ§ gmo AmnH$mo AZwJ«h ho Eg| _mZw§ hþ§''. Vmgy§
^JdmZ²H$mo AZwJ«h hmo` V~hr Ord ^JdmZ²H$s eaU Om`. gmo Omo h_mao ^ŠV
^pŠV_mJ} àd¥ Î mñ` XmT² ç m© W © _ ² BX_w À `Vo Ÿ && ^JdmZ²Ho$ eaU Jò h| {dZHo$ D$na ^JdmZ²H$mo AZwJ«h ho Eg| g_{PHo$ h_Z| Omo
259 260
H$ømo ho dmhr à_mU H$aZmo Eg| OVm`mo hoŸ&&9Ÿ&& && AÝV…H$aUà~moY: Ÿ&&
(12)
B{V lr_X²dëb^mMm`© {da{MV ZdaËZH$s (ŸAW lrnwéfmoÎm_Or `m J«ÝWH$s {dd¥{V_| Amkm H$aV h| OmoŸ)
g§{jßV ^mfmQ>rH$m lrAmMm`©_hmà^yZ²Z| godmH$mo CnXoe {H$`mo VmHo$ {ZXm}fnZoHo${bò {gÕmÝVahñ`
Jmoñdm_r lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV g_mßV ^B© J«ÝW H$ømo. Vm_| ~«÷gå~ÝYgm| godm H$[adodmaoZ²Ho$ gd©Xmof A{H$pÄMËH$a hmo`
Om` h|, Amoa AJm‹S>r XmofH$mo g§gJ© Zmht bJo hoŸ- Egr ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm ^B©
VmH$mo {Zê$nU H$sZmo. VmnmN>| godmH$mo Am{YX¡{dH$nZmo {gÕ hmo`doHo${bò ZdaËZ
J«ÝW_| {MÝVmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmH$mo Cnm` H$ømo. VmH$[aHo$ CÛoJê$n à{V~ÝY Amoa VmH$s
{Zd¥{ÎmHo$ àH$maH$mo {Zê$nU H$`m}. gmo O~ Ego à{V~ÝYH$s {Zd¥{Îm nyd©H$ godm
H$ao V~ ^JdmZ²H$mo gmZw^md Adí` hmo`. Amoa O~ gmo hmo` V~ àmaãYm{XH$Ho$
degy§ àW_Ho$ Xmof `{X eof hm|` V~ Oog| N>moQ>o nmÌ_| A{YH$ Ob R>hao Zmht
Vog| Egmo ^ŠVhþ ~‹S>r H¥$nmHw§$ YmaU Zmht H$a gHo$. V~ dmH$m| AnZr ~‹S>mB©H$s
ñ\y${V© hmo`. V~ ^JdËgmZw^md_| Šd{MX² hmoVr ^JdmZ²H$s AmkmH$mo ^“ Am{X
AnamY dmgy§ hmo` gHo$ ho. gmo O~ AmkmH$mo ^“ H$ao V~ ^JdmZ²H$s AàgÝZVm
hmo`. naÝVw Omo ^JdÕ_©ê$n godm gXm H$aV ho VmH$mo Zme hmo` Zmht. VWm{n
^JdmZ²H$mo AnamY ^`mo hmo` Vmgy§ níMmÎmmn hmo` V~ {MÝVm hmo`doH$mo gå^d
ho. Egr {MpÝVV AdñWm_| H$ar OmVr godm VWm {MpÝVV _Zgy§ ^{dî`_|hþ Omo
godm H$aoJmo VmH$mo A{YX¡{dH$snZmo Zmht hmo`. `m XmofH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò `m
J«ÝW_| {dMmê$n gmYZH$mo CnXoe H$ao h|. AmnHo$ H$WZ_| {dídmg hmo`doHo${bò
~rM_| AnZr Am»`m{`H$m H${hHo$, _Z_| Xwï>d¥{Îm CËnÝZ Z hmo` Vmo Egmo Z hmo`
ò {ZíM` H$[aHo$, AnZo AÝV:H$aUH$m| ~moY H$[adoHo$ {_fV| AnZo ^ŠVZ²Ho$
AÝV:H$aUH$m| gmdYmZ H$[aHo$ H$hV h|Ÿ:
(ŸlrJmoHw$bZmWOrZ| lrAmMm`©OrH$s Am»`m{`H$m `m J«ÝWH$s {dd¥{VHo$

CnmoX²KmV_| `m à_mU {bIr hoŸ) lrR>mHw$aOrZ| AnZr dmUrHo$ A{Yn{Vê$n
lrAmMm`©Or_hmà^yZ²H$m| àH$Q> H$[aHo$ lr^mJdV²H$mo `WmW© AW© àH$Q> H$[adoH$s
Amkm Xo`H|$ lrAmMm`©OrÛmam "lrgw~mo{YZrOr' Q>rH$m H$admB©. Vm_| V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY
Vm§B© lrgw~mo{YZr ^B© V~ ^JdmZ² lrAmMm`©OrHo$ {d`moJHw§$ ghZ Z H$[a gHo$
Vmgy§ ñH$ÝYH$mo H«$_ N>mo{‹S>Ho$ gyYo Xe_ñH$ÝYH$mo {ddaU {b{IdoH$s Amkm
H$sZr. V~ Amn Ego hr {H$ò. Xe_ñH$ÝYH$mo {ddaU nyamo ^ò nmN>| `{X
ZdaËZ‘² AÝV…H$aUà~moY:
261 262
lrAmMm`©Or gånyU© lr^mJdVH$mo {ddaU {bI| V~ Vmo AË`{YH$ {dbå~ hmo` Eg| AÝV…H$aUH$m| gmdYmZ H$[aHo$, d«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ Ñï>mÝVgy§, AnZo d¡îUd
Om` gmo {dbå~ Agø Om{ZHo$ à^yZ²Z| lrAmMm`©OrHw§$ Xmo ~oa ñdYm_ nYm[adoH$s ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm_| à_mX`wŠV hm|` gmo Zmht hmo`doHo${bò àW_ ^JdmZ²H$s
Amkm XrZr. {H$ÝVw, gånyU© lr^mJdVH$mo {ddaU nyU© ^`mo Z hmoBdogm| lrAmMm`©OrZo ~‹S>mB©H$s ^mdZm H$[adoH$m| H$hV h| Omo bmoH$ VWm doX _| H$ho Ego XmofZ²H$[aHo$
dm AmkmH$mo nmbZ Zmht {H$`mo. V~ ^JdmZ²Hw§$ lrAmMm`©OrHo$ {_bZH$s {dd{O©V, {OZ²H$m| amgH«$s‹S>mH$mo gwI àmßV ^`mo ho Ego d«O^ŠVhþ lrH¥$îUgm| loð>
Amdí`H$Vm hmo`dogy§ A{V H¥$nm`wŠV amofnyd©H$ AnZo nmg nYm[adoHo${bò Vrgar Zmht ho. Vmgy§ {dZH$mo Ñï>mÝV bo`H|$ ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm_| à_mX Zmht amIZmo.
~oa Amkm H$sZr. V~ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wOr ^JdmZ²H$mo AmJ«h Xo{IH|$, àW_ (ŸAWm©V² à^wHo$ doUwZmXHw§$ gw{ZHo$ d«O^ŠV O~ dZ_| à^yZ²Ho$ {ZH$Q> nYma V~
Xmo` AmkmH$mo CëbL²>KZ {H$`mo ho gmo lr^mJdVH$s Q>rH$m H$[adoH$s àW_ Amkm à^yZ²Zo {dZHw§$ nmN>| ñdJ¥h Om`doH$s Amkm XrZr. n[a d«O^ŠVZ²Z| dm AmkmH$mo
^B© hVr VmH$s ÑT>Vm AÝV:H$aU_| hVr Vmgy§ Xmo` AmkmH$mo CëbL²>KZ {H$`mo V~ nmbZ Zmht H$sZmo. `m àg“gy§ AmYw{ZH$ ^ŠVhþ H$~hþ§H$ ^JdXmkm qH$dm
Vrgar Amkm ^ògy§ ^JdmZ²H$mo AmJ«h Om{ZH|$ Egr ÑT>VmH$mo ñWmZ AÝV:H$aUhr ^JdXmkmVwë` lrAmMm`©OrH$s AmkmH$m| AZwg[ado_| à_mX {XImdo Vmo dmH$mo
ho Egmo {XIm`doHo${bò AÝV:H$aUH$mo à~moY H$aV h|Ÿ: A{Zï> hmo`Ÿ).
AÝV:H$aUŸ! _X² d mŠ`§ gmdYmZV`m e¥ U w Ÿ && `Ú{n ^JdmZ²H$s godm_| gd© BpÝÐ`Z²H$m| Cn`moJ ho Vmgy§ g~ BpÝÐ`Z²H$m|
H¥ $ îUmV² na§ ZmpñV X¡ d § dñVw V mo Xmo f d{O© V _² Ÿ &&1Ÿ&& ~moY H$aZmo `mo½` ho. VWm{n Oog| amOmHo$ ñdmYrZ ^ògy§ amÁ`Ho$ g~ _Zwî` VWm
àOmhþ ñdmYrZ hmo` Om` ho Vog|, _Z ho gmo g~ BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo amOm ho Vmgy§ _Z
de_| Am`dogy§ g~ BpÝÐ`| dg_| hmo` Om§` h| Eg| OVm`doHo${bò AÝV:H$aUH$m|hr
AÝV:H$aUŸ=Ÿho AÝV…H$aUŸ! _X²dmŠ`§Ÿ=Ÿ_oao dmŠ`Hw§$
~moY {H$`mo hoŸ&&1Ÿ&&
gmdYmZV`mŸ=ŸgmdYmZVmgy§ dñVwVmoŸXmofd{O©V§Ÿ=ŸdñVwV…ŸXmofgy§Ÿa{hV
e¥UŸw =ŸgwZ X¡d=
§ Xod, Z=Zmht
Eg| AnZo AÝV:H$aU_| ^mdH$s ~‹S>mB Am` Om` VmH$s {Zd¥{Îm H$[aHo$
H¥$îUmV²Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUgy§, na§Ÿ=ŸXygamo ApñV=ho OrdHw§$ X¡Ý`H$s {g{Õ hmo`doHo${bò, Ord ñd^mdgy§hr hrZ ho Eg| OVm`doH$m|
Ñï>mÝV H$hV h|Ÿ:
^mdmW© : ho AÝV:H$aUŸ! _oao dmŠ`Hw§$ Vy gmdYmZ hmo`Ho$ gwZ, H¥$îUgy§ AÝ`
dmñVd_| Xmofa{hV XodVm H$moB© Zht ho. MmÊS>mbr Mo X ² amOnËZr OmVm amkm M _m{ZVmŸ&&
H$Xm{MX² An_mZo @ {n _y b V: H$m j{Va² ^do V ² Ÿ &&2Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : ho AÝV:H$aUŸ! gmdYmZVmgy§ _oao dmŠ`H$mo ldU H$a. `hm§ "AÝV:H$aU'
_mÌ {b»`mo ho. Vmgy§ AnZmo VWm Xygao H$mo AÝV:H$aU g_Pdo_| AmdV ho.
MmÊS>mbrŸ=ŸMÊS>mb ór H$Xm{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$~hþH$
VWm{n g_mpßV_| H$ømo ho Omo ""ò gw{ZH|$ ^ŠV {ZpíMÝVnZoHw§$ àmßV hmo`'' Vmgy§
^ŠVZ²Ho$ AÝV:H$aUH$m| ~moY H$[adoHo${bòhr AnZo AÝV…H$aUHo$ {_fgy§ ò MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X An_mZoŸ=ŸAn_mZ hmo`
dmŠ` H$ho h|. amOnËZrŸ=ŸamOmH$s npËZ A{nŸ=ŸVmohþ,
OmVmŸ=Ÿhmo`, MŸ=ŸAmoa _ybV:Ÿ=Ÿ_ybgy§
amkmŸ=ŸamOmÛmam H$mŸ=ŸH$hm, j{V:Ÿ=ŸhmZr
AÝV…H$aUà~moY: AÝV…H$aUà~moY:
263 264
_m{ZVmŸ=ŸA{YH$ gå_m{ZV ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` nydªŸ=Ÿn{hbo, qH$Ÿ=ŸH$hm ^mì`mŸ=Ÿ{~MmaZr
gXmŸ=ŸgXm, CÎm_:Ÿ=Ÿloð> `V:Ÿ=ŸOmgy§
^mdmW© : MmÊS>mbr `{X amOmH$s amZr hmo`; Am¡a amOmZo Xygar amZrZ² H$aV| dmHw§$ pñWV:Ÿ=Ÿaømo hVmoŸ? níMmÎmmn:Ÿ=ŸníMmÎmmn
A{YH$hþ _mZr hmo`, Am¡a {\$a H$moB© g_` dmhrHo$ AnamYgy§ amOmÛmam dmH$mo __Ÿ=Ÿ_oar, AY_VmŸ=ŸAY_Vm ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
An_mZ hmo` Vmo amOnËZrnZo_| H$hm hm{Z ^B©Ÿ? AWm©V² H$Nw> Zmht. Egohr ho
AÝV:H$aUŸ! \$b Xo`do_| H$Xm{MV² à^w {dbå~hþ H$a| VWm{n A“rH$ma_| H$mhþ
^mdmW© : g_n©Ugy§ nyd© H$hm _| gXm CÎm_hr hmoŸ? Vmgy§ \$b{dbå~_|hþ _oar
àH$maH$s hm{Z Zmht ho, Vmgy§ {MÝVm Zmht H$aZr.
AY_Vm H$hm {dMmaZr, Omgy§ níMmÎmmn hmo`Ÿ! AWm©V² \$b{dbå~H$s Xem_|hþ
""_| nhbogy§ Vmo AÀN>mo hþ§'' `m| {dMm[aHo$ AnZmo hbH$monZ Z {dMmaZmo; Amoa
Q>rH$m : MmÊS>mbr hmo` gmo H$Nw> JwUgm| H$Xm{MV² amOmH$s nËZr ^B© hmo` Amoa níMmÎmmnhþ Z H$aZmo.
Xygar nËZrZ²H$s Anojm amOmZo dmHw§$ _mZ`wŠVhþ H$ar hmo`. {\$a H$Nw>H$ AnamY
^ògy§ amOmZ| `{X dmH$mo An_mZ {H$`mo hmo` Vm_|, _mZ hmo`doHo$ _ybê$n
Q>rH$m : godmHo$ A{YH$maê$n ~«÷gå~ÝY ^òHo$ n{hbo _| MmÊS>mbrdV² gd©Xmof
amOnËZrnZogy§ H$hm j{V hmo` hoŸ?
g{hV hVmo. V~ H$hm _| gd© H$mb CÎm_ hVmoŸ? {H$ÝVw CÎm_ Zmht hVmo. Oog|
MmÊS>mbr amOnËZr ^B© Vog| _|hþ g_n©Ugy§hr CÎm_ ^`mo hþ§. Vmgy§ H$Xm{MV²
BVZo (ŸamOmÛmam Šd{MX² dmH$mo An_mZ² {H$`mo Om` VmohþŸ) amOm {dZm Amoa ^JdmZ²H$s AàgÝZVm hmo` Vmohþ _oamo A“rH$ma Vmo {H$`mohr ho. Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²
H$moD$ dmHw§$ Xo{I Z gHo$, ñne© Z H$[a gHo$ Amoa AÝ`Ho$ {d{Z`moJ_| Z Amdo; gd©Wm _oamo Ë`mJ Z H$a|Jo Amoa _| AY_ Z hmoC§Jmo. Oog| MmÊS>mbr amOnËZr ^B©
VWm amOnËZrnZoH$s ~‹S>mB© BË`m{XH$ Omo Y_© Amò gmo Ý`yZ Zmht hmo` ho. Vog|hr hmo` VmH$mo amOm Ë`mJ Z H$ao; Amoa {\$a MmÊS>mbr Z hmo`, Vog| A~ _oar AY_Vm
MmÊS>mb Om{V An_mZ²Ho$ H$maUê$n ho Vmgy§ dm_| Vmo j{V ho hr Zmht naÝVw H$hm hmo`dodmar ho Ho$ Omgy§ _moHw§$ níMmÎmmn hmo`Ÿ! BVZ|, H$moC amOHw$_mar amZr
amOnËZrnZogy§hþ j{V Zmht ho. `k_| n{VHo$ g“ ~o{R>do `mo½` hmo` gmohr nËZr H$hr ~Zo Amoa H$~hþH$ dmH$mo An_mZ hmo` Vmo dmHw§$ níMmÎmmn hmo`. Š`m| Omo XmoD$
Om` ho. Vmgy§ ò MmÊS>mbr amOmH$s ór ^B© Vmohþ nËZr Zmht H${h Om`; VWm{n (ŸamOHw$_marH$mo ñWmZ Amoa amZrH$mo ñWmZŸ) g_mZ ho. naÝVw MmÊS>mbrH$m| amOmZo
Oog| nËZr Ë`mJ`mo½` Zmht ho Vog| òhþ Ë`mJ`mo½` Z hmo` Eg| OVm`doHo${bò `hm§ amOnËZr H$ar Amoa {\$a dmH$mo An_mZ hmo` dm_| dmH$mo níMmÎmmn H$aZmo `mo½`
"nËZr'eãX H$ømo hoŸ&&2Ÿ&& Zmht ho. Vog| Ord àW_ Vmo AË`ÝV hrZ hVmo. VmH$mo A“rH$ma H$[aHo$ ^JdXr`
{H$`mo, V~ dmH$m| ^mdH$s ~‹S>mB© hmo`dogy§ A{^_mZ ^`mo, V~ à^w AàgÝZ ^ò.
Eg| Ñï>mÝV H${hH|$ {gÕmÝV_| `mH$s ~amo~aVm OVm`H|$ Vogr g_PH$mo \$b Vm_| OrdH$s _mZhm{Z H$hm ho Omo níMmVmn hmo`Ÿ! Vmgy§ níMmVmn Z H$aZmoŸ&&3Ÿ&&
H$hV h|Ÿ:
Eg| OrdHo$ Y_m©Zwgma {~Mma H$[adoH$mo CnXoe H$[aHo$, ^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>m
g_n© U mX² Ah§ ny d © _ ² CÎm_: qH$ gXm pñWV:Ÿ&& H$moB© {_Q>m` gHo$ Zmht ho Egmo AZwgÝYmZ a{hdoHo${bò ^JdmZ²Ho$ Y_©H$mo
H$m __mY_Vm ^mì`m níMmÎmmnmo `Vmo ^do V ² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&& {dMmagm| CnXoe H$aV h|Ÿ:
Ah§Ÿ=Ÿ_|, g_n©UmV²Ÿ=Ÿg_n©Ugy§ H$mŸ=ŸH$hm gË`g‘>ënVmo {dîUw… ZmÝ`Wm Vw H$[aî`{VŸ&&

265 266
Amk¡d H$m`m© gVV§ ñdm{_Ðmohmo@Ý`Wm ^doV²Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : godH$H$mo Y_© Vmo lrh[aH$s AmkmZwgma H$m`© H$aZmo gmo hr ho. lrh[a
AnZo ^ŠVHo$ gd© H$m`© ñd`§ H$a|Jo.
{dîUw:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU gVV§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa
gË`g‘>ënV:Ÿ=Ÿ AmkmŸ=ŸAmkm, EdŸ=Ÿhr Q>rH$m : godH$_| `{X dmH$mo Y_© hmo` Vmo ñdm_r Omo à^w gmohþ AnZo ñdm_rnZoH$mo
gË`g‘>ëndmao hmo`dogy§ H$m`m©H$aZr Y_© godH$_| H$a|Jo. AWdm à^w AnZo ñdm_r h|, AmnwZ² {dZHo$ godH$ h|. `m
gå~ÝYgy§ AnZo {dZHo$ AmË_r` h|. Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²Z| Omo {dMm`m} hmo`Jmo gmo AnZo
AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa Vahgy§ AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZmht Vmo
{hVH$mohr hmo`Jmo; Amoa gmohr H$a|J| Ego g_PZmo. òhr godH$H$mo Vmo Y_© hoŸ&&
VwŸ=ŸVmo, ZŸ=ŸZmht ñdm{_Ðmoh:Ÿ=Ÿñdm{_H$mo Ðmoh
H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo(ŸVñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgy§Ÿ) ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Jmo
AnZ² à^wHo$ godH$ h| Egmo {dMma Adí` H$aZmo M{hò Eg| OVm`doHo${bò
Xmo íbmoH$gm| AnZr A»`m{`H$m H$hV h|Ÿ:
^mdmW© : gd©Ìì`mnH$ lrh[a gm§Mo {dMmadmao h|. Vmgy§ \$b Xo`doHo$ {df`_| Amoa
Vahgy§ Vmo Zmht H$a|Jo. Vmgy§ gd©Xm à^wH$s AmkmHo$ AZwgmahr godm H$aZr. dog|
Amkm ny d ª Vw `m OmVm J“m-gmJa-g“_o Ÿ &&5Ÿ&&
Zmht H$[adogy§ ñdm_rH$mo Ðmoh hmo` ho.
`m@{n níMmV² _Yw d Zo Z H¥ $ V§ VX² Û `§ _`mŸ&&
Xo h -Xo e -n[aË`mJ… V¥ V r`mo bmo H $Jmo M a:Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ² "{dîUw' h|, BVZ| ~m{haŸ-Ÿ^rVa gd©Ì ì`mßV h|. Vmgy§ AnZo
AÝV`m©{_nZogy§ g~Z²Ho$ ^rVa à{dð> h|. Amoa gË`g‘>ën h|. gmo AnZmo Omo gË` níMmÎmmn: H$W§ VÌ go d H$mo @ h§ ZMmÝ`WmŸ&&
g‘>ën ho Vmgy§ Xwgao àH$magm| Vmo Z H$aoJ|, Oogmo g‘>ën hmo`Jmo Vog|hr H$a|Jo.
AWdm ^JdmZ² gË`g‘>ën h| Vmgy§ AÝ`Wm Z H$a|Jo; BVZ| \$bXmZ_| {dbå~ Z nydªŸ=Ÿnhobo, VwŸ=ŸVmo ZŸ=ŸZmht, H¥$V§Ÿ=ŸH$ar
H$a|J|. Vmgy§ gd©Xm à^yZ²H$s AmkmHo$ AZwgma g~ H$aZmo. Omo Eg| Z H$ao Vmo J“mgmJag“_oŸ=ŸJ“mgmJaHo$ g“J__| XohXoen[aË`mJ:Ÿ=ŸXoh-XoeH$mo
ñdm{_Ðmohê$n ~‹S>mo AnamY hmo`Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& `mŸ=ŸOmo, AmkmŸ=ŸAmkm n[aË`mJ, V¥Vr`:Ÿ=ŸVrgar
OmVmŸ=Ÿ^B©, níMmV²Ÿ=ŸnrN>o bmoH$JmoMa:Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_| à{gÕ
godH$nZoH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ AnZmo Y_© H$[adogy§ ñdm{_nZoHo$ {dMmagy§ à^w _YwdZoŸ=Ÿ_YwdZ_|, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ (Ÿn[aË`mJŸ=Ÿg³³`mgŸ)
AnZmo Y_© H$aoJ| gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
`mŸ=ŸOmo, OmVmŸ=Ÿ^B© Ah§Ÿ=Ÿ_|, godH$:Ÿ=ŸgodH$ hþ§
VX² Û`§Ÿ=Ÿdmo XmoC AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa H$Nw>
godH$ñ` Vw Y_m}@`§ ñdm_r ñdñ` H$[aî`{VŸ&&
_`mŸ=Ÿ_oao Ûmam ZŸ=ŸZmht, VÌŸ=ŸVhm§
níMmÎmmn:Ÿ=ŸníMmÎmmn H$W§Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|
godH$ñ`Ÿ=ŸgodH$H$mo, VwŸ=ŸVmo A`§Ÿ=Ÿò, Y_©:Ÿ=ŸY_©
(ApñVŸ=Ÿho)ñdm_rŸ=Ÿñdm_r ñdñ`Ÿ=ŸAnZmo, H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo
^mdmW© : n{hbo Vmo J“mgmJaHo$ g“_no Xohn[aË`mJê$n Amkm ^`r; Amoa nrN>|
267 268
_YwdZ_|hþ Omo Xoen[aË`mJê$n Amkm ^B©. _|Zo Xoh-XoeHo$ n[aË`mJH$s XmoC Amkm
Zmht nmbr. naÝVw Vrgar, bmoH$_| à{gÕ g³³`mgJ«hU nyd©H$ J¥hH$mo n[aË`mJ ò {dMma {H$`mo Omo níMmÎmmn Z H$aZmo gmo Vmo `mo½`hr ho, VWm{n àW_
H$[adoH$s Amkm nmbr. (ŸàW_ Xmo Amkm Zmht nmbr Vmgm| à^w _oamo Ë`mJ H$[a Xmo` AmkmH$mo CëbL²>KZ ^`mo ho gmo Vmo AnamY ^`mo ho. Vmgm| ^JdmZ²H$s
XoB§Jo Ego {~Mmagy§Ÿ) dmH$mo níMmÎmmn _moHw§$ Zmht H$aZmo M{hò. Š`m| Omo _| Vmo AàgÝZVm ^B© hmo`Jr. VmH$s {Zd¥{Îm Z hmo`, V~ à^w H$hm H$a|JoŸ? Egmo Omo ^`
à^wH$mo (ŸAË`mÁ`Ÿ) godH$ hþ§, Amoa H$Nw> Zmht h§w. Vmgm| _mH$m| níMmÎmmn Š`m| hmo` gmo Ho$g| {Zd¥Îm hmo`Ÿ? Eogr e‘>m hmo` VmHo${bò Xygao {dMmaH$mo CnXoe H$aV
H$aZmoŸ! h|Ÿ:
Q>rH$m : àW_ J“mgmJag“_Ho$ àXoe_| Omo Amkm ^B© hVr Amoa VmnrN>o bm¡ { H$H$à^w d V² - H¥ $ îUmo Z Ðï>ì`: H$XmMZŸ&&7Ÿ&&
_WwamOr_| Omo Amkm ^B© gmo XmoC Amkm à_mU _oZ| Zmht {H$`mo. Š`m| Omo à^yZ²Ho$ gdª g_{n© V § ^ŠË`m H¥ $ VmWm} @ {g gw I r ^dŸ&&
ñdê$nH$mo AZw^md àH$Q> H$[adoH$s VWm lr^mJdVH$mo JyT>mW© àH$Q> H$[adoH$s
_moHw§$ nyd©gy§hr Amkm ^B© hVr. gmo XmoC AmkmZ²H$mo _|Zo CëbL²>KZ {H$`mo. Š`m| Omo
àW_ Amkm XohHo$ n[aË`mJ{df`H$s ^B© hVr Amoa Xygar Amkm XoeHo$ n[aË`mJHo$ H¥$îU:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$m| Ðï>ì`:Ÿ=ŸXo{Ido `mo½`
{df`H$s hVr, gmo XmoC AmkmH$mo nmbZ H$aVmo Vmo ñdmË_mZw^md VWm lr^mJdVH$mo bm¡{H$H$à^wdV²Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$ ñdm{_H$s ^ŠË`mŸ=Ÿ^pŠVgy§
JyT>mW© àH$me H$[adoH$s Amkm {gÕ Z hmoVr. Vah, H$XmMZŸ=ŸH$~hþ, ZŸ=ŸZmht gdªŸ=Ÿg~, g_{n©V§Ÿ=Ÿg_{n©V
H¥$VmW©:Ÿ=ŸH¥$VmW©, A{gŸ=Ÿho gwIrŸ=ŸgwIr, ^dŸ=ŸhmoC
A~ bmoH$Ho$ AZw^d_| Amdo Egmo n[aË`mJ (Ÿg³³`mgŸ) H$[adoH$s Vrgar
Amkm ^B© Vm_| _moHw§$ níMmÎmmn ^`mo. Š`m| Omo _| godH$ hþ§, Vmgy§ ñdm_rH$s ^mdmW© : _| à^wH$mo godH$ hþ§, AÝ` Oogmo Zht hþ§, Vmgy§ \$b_| {dbå~ hmo` Vmohþ
AmkmHo$ à_mU H$aZmo `mo½` ho; naÝVw ñdm_rH$s AmkmH$mo Cëb”Z H$aZmo `mo½` níMmÎmmn Š`m| H$aZmoŸ! Amoa lrh[aHw§$ bm¡{H$H$amOm Am{XH$s Vah Mb{MÎm
Zmht ho, Ego {dMmaV| níMmÎmmn ^`mo. AWdm (Ÿg³³`mgJ«hU nyd©H$ J¥hH$mo H$~hþ Zmht OmZZ|. ^pŠVgy§ AmË_mg{hV g~ AnZr dñVyZ²H$mo An©U VoZ| {H$`mo
n[aË`mJ H$[adoH$s Amkm ^B© Vmà_mU g³³`mgJ«hU nyd©H$ J¥hH$mo n[aË`mJ {H$`mo. ho Vmgy§ Vy H¥$VmW© ho, Vmgy§ n{hboH$s Vah gwIr hmoC.
`Ú{n Xmo` AmkmH$mo CëbL²>KZ {H$`mo ho Vmgy§ AnamY hmo`doH$mo gå^d ho;
VWm{n V¥Vr` Amkmà_mU Ë`mJ {H$`mo Vmgy§ àW_H$s Xmo` Amkmhþ {gÕ ^B© Eg|
Q>rH$m : bm¡{H$H$ ñdm_r Oog| godH$H$mo AnamY ^`mo hmo` Vmo dmH$mo Ë`mJ H$aV
_m{ZH|$ níMmÎmmn H$aZmo `mo½` Zmht ho. H$Xm{MV² Xmo AmkmH$mohþ CëbL²>KZ {H$`mo
ho Vog| à^w AnZmo Ë`mJ H$a|Jo Egmo gÝXoh Zmht H$aZmoŸ- Eg| OVm`doHo${bò H$hV
ho VmH$[aHo$ Omo AnamY ^`mo ho Vmgy§ à^w \$b_| {dbå~ H$a| Vmohþ, ò \$bH$mo
h| Omo ""bm¡{H$H$ñdm{_dV² \$bê$n lrH¥$îU H$mhþ{XZ Zmht OmZZ|''. BVZ|,
{dbå~ {H$`mo ho gmohr XÊS> {X`mo ho Egmo Om{ZHo$ godH$H$mo níMmÎmmn H$aZmo `mo½`
bm¡{H$H$_| ñdm_r àmH¥$V hmo`dogy§ A“rH¥$VH$mo n[aË`mJ H$ao gmo gå^{dV ho;
Zmht ho. Amoa _| godH$ hþ§ AÝ`Wm Zmht hþ§. Š`m| Omo à^w `{X _oao_| godH$nZmo Zmht
naÝVw `hm§ Vmo à^w Abm¡{H$H$ ñdm_r hmo`dogy§ {dZH$mo A“rH$ma H$mbÌ`_| {ZË`
_mZVo Vmo AnamY ^`mo Vmgy§ Cnojm hr H$aVo, ñdr`nZmo Om{ZH|$ Vrgar Amkm Z
ho. A“rH¥$VH$mo Ë`mJ H$[adoH$s gå^mdZmhþ Zmht ho. Amoa Voao Cna à^wH$s H¥$nm
H$aVoŸ! naÝVw Vrgar Amkm H$ar ho; Amoa Xmo` AmkmH$mo CëbL²>KZ ^`mo Vmgy§
hVr Vmgy§hr VoZ| ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ AZwgma gd© g_n©U {H$`mo ho. BVZ| Vw H¥$VmW© ho.
\$b_| {dbå~ hmo`JmoŸ: Egmo Vmn hmo` ho Vmgy§ à^yZ²Z| ""ò AnZmo godH$ ho'' Eg|
AWm©V² gd© gmYZê$n VWm \$bê$n AW©Hw§$ àmßV ^`mo ho. Vmgy§ _Z_| {MÝVm
_mÝ`mo ho, Vmgy§ níMmÎmmn H$aZmo `mo½` Zmht hoŸ&&5-6Ÿ&&
N>mo{‹S>Ho$ gwIr hmoŸ&&7Ÿ&&
369 270
Z bJmdo Vmo ^JdmZ²hþ àgÝZ Z hm|`Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
^JdmZ²H$mo A“rH$ma {ZË` ho Vmgy§ `Ú{n \$b XoB§Jo, VWm{n àW_ \$b
{X`mo hVmo Vog| XoB§Jo qH$dm Zht XoB§JoŸ? Ego gÝXohgy§ Omo Šboe hmo` VmH$s `Ú{n ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm_| hR> H$aZmo `mo½` Zmht ho VWm{n lr^mJdV²H$mo
{Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò Ñï>mÝV XoV h|Ÿ: AW© àH$Q>H$[adoH$mo ^JdmZ²H$mo A{^àm` ho Vmà_mU AW© àH$Q> H$[adoV| bmoH$_|
~‹S>mB© hmo` Vm_| H$Xm{MV² Wmoar-~hmoV \$b Xo`do_| {dbå~H$s BÀN>m gå^do ho.
àm¡ T >m{n Xw { hVm `ÛV² ñZo h mV² Z ào î `V dao Ÿ &&8Ÿ&& Š`m| Omo lr^mJdV²H$mo AW© àH$Q> H$a| Vm_| à^yHo$nmg nYm[ado_| {dbå~ hmo`;
VWm Xo h o Z H$V© ì `§ dag² Vw î `{V ZmÝ`WmŸ&& Vmgy§ lr^mJdV²H$mo AW© àH$Q> H$[adoH$mo à^yZH² $mo A{^àm` ho Vmn|g§y {dbå~oÀN>mH$mo
gå^d ho. Egr e‘>mH$mo {ZamH$aU H$aV h|Ÿ:
`ÛV²Ÿ=ŸOog|, àm¡T>mŸ=Ÿ~‹S>r A{nŸ=Ÿ^r, Xw{hVmŸ=Ÿnw{Ì

bmoH$dV² MoV² pñW{Va² _o ñ`mV² qH$ ñ`mX² B{V {dMma`Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
ñZohmV²Ÿ=ŸñZohHo$ H$maU ZŸ=ŸZmht
AeŠò h[aaodm@pñV _moh§ _mJm: H$WÄMZŸ&&
daoŸ=Ÿn{VHo$ nmg H$V©ì`§Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo
ZŸ=ŸZmht AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZqhVmo
bmoH$dV²Ÿ=ŸbmoH$H$s Vah AeŠò=AeŠ`‘|
àoî`VoŸ=ŸôOdo_| Amdo da:Ÿ=Ÿn{V
MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X, _oŸ=Ÿ_oar h[a:=lrH¥$îU, Ed=hr
VWmŸ=Ÿdogo ZŸ=ŸZmht
pñW{V:Ÿ=ŸpñW{V, ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ApñV=ho (ŸAV:Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§Ÿ)
XohoŸ=ŸXoh{dfo Vwî`{VŸ=ŸgÝVwï> hmodo ho
qH$Ÿ=ŸŠ`m, ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` H$WÄMZŸ=ŸH$moB^r VahHo$
B{VŸ=Ÿò(ŸËd§Ÿ=ŸVw_Ÿ) _moh§Ÿ=Ÿ_mohHw§$, _mŸ=Ÿ_V
^mdmW© : ho AÝV:H$aUŸ! Oog| {H$VZoH$ AkmZr, n{VHo$ `hm§ Om`do bm`H$
{dMma`Ÿ=Ÿ{dMmamo Jm:Ÿ=ŸàmßV hmoC
H$Ý`mH$m|hþ ñZohgm| dmHo$ n{VHo$ `hm§ Zmht ôOo h| Vog| XohË`mJHo$ {df`_| VmoHw§$hþ
{dbå~ Zmht H$aZmo M{hò. {dbå~ H$[adogy§ à^w àgÝZ Zmht hmoB§Jo.
^mdmW© : ho AÝV:H$aUŸ! AÝ` bmoH$H$sVah _oarhþ `{X bm¡{H$H$ CËH$fm©{XHo${bò
bmoH$_| pñW{V hmo` Vmo H$hm hmo`, ò Vyhr {dMma H$a. AWm©V² bm¡{H$H$
Q>rH$m : Oog| nwÌr ~‹S>r ^B© hmo`, AWm©V² n{VHo$ gd©H$m`©Ho$ `mo½` ^B© hmo`, VWm{n
CËH$f©Ho${bò à^wH$s AàgÝZVm H$aZr `mo½` Zmht ho. AeŠ` H$m`©_| lrh[ahr
_mVm{nVmHw§$ dmHo$ Cna ñZoh hmo` Vmgy§ Eg| OmZ| Omo ò Vmo A~hþ ~mbH$ ho Amoa
nwéfmW© {gÕ H$[adodmao h|. Vmgy§ H$moB© VahH$s {MÝVmHw§$ àmßV _V hmoC.
n{VHo$ Ka_| Vmo H$m`© {deof ho gmo H$[ado_| WH$ Om`Jr AWdm Šboe`wŠV
hmo`JrŸ- Eg| Om{ZH|$ dmHo$ n{VHo$ g_rn ôOo Zmht V~ dmH$mo n{V AàgÝZ hmo`
ho. Vog|, AnZo Xoh_| ñZoh am{IHo$, à^wH$mo H$m`© (ŸgodmŸ) H$[ado_| XohHw§$ Šboe Q>rH$m : bmoH$dV² _oar pñW{V `{X hmo` Vmo H$hm \$b hmo`Ÿ? gmo {dMma H$a. Amoa
hmo`Jmo, Eg| Om{ZHo$ à^wHo$ H$m`©_| XohH$mo {d{Z`moJ Z H$ao Vmo à^w AàgÝZ hm|`. Ohm§ AeŠ` hmo` Vhm§ à^w h[ahr h|; AWm©V² ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw:I VWm nmn Hw§$
Vmgy§ Xoh_| dogmo ñZoh Z H$aZmo. Š`m| Omo nwÌr ~‹S>r ^B© VmHw§$ daH$s nmg Z nR>mdo h[adodmao h|, Vmgy§ H$mhþ àH$magy§ _mohHw§$ àmßV _{V hmo.
Vmo Oog| da àgÝZ Z hmo` Vog| XohHo$ D$na ñZoh am{IH|$ ^JdmZ²H$s godm_| XohHw§$
271 272
BVZ| ^JdmZ²Hw§$ A{^àoV lr^mJdV²H$mo AW© àH$Q>H$[adoV| `Ú{n bmoH$_|
~‹S>mB© hmo`Ÿ- Oog| O¡{_{Z VWm ì`mg Am{XH$Z²Zo doXgy§ A{dê$Õ _r_m§gm H$ar Q>rH$m : Eg| lrH¥$îUHo$ XmgH$m| gwIgånmXZ H$[adodmao, ^JdmZ² VWm ^ŠVZ² Ho$
Vmgy§ {dZH$s bmoH$_| ~‹S>mB© ^B© -ŸVog| _|hþ doXm{XH$Z²g§y A{dê$Õ Egmo lr_X²^mJdV²H$mo {à` Ego lr_X²dëb^mMm`©OrHo$ {MÎmHo$ à{V dMZ h|, Omo gw{ZHo$ ^ŠV
AW© àH$Q> H$é§ Vm_| O¡{_{Z VWm ì`mgm{XH$ dV² _oarhþ ~‹S>mB© hmo`. naÝVw ò Vmo {ZpíMÝVnZoH$m| àmßV hm|`.
bm¡{H$H$ ~‹S>mB© ho H$Nw> ñd_mJu` Abm¡{H$H$ ~‹S>mB© Zmht ho. Amoa ñd_mJu`
\$bH$mo {dMma H$a| V~ Vmo _wpŠV Am{X \$bhþ \$bê$n Zmht _mZo Om` h| Vhm§
`m J«ÝW_| BVZmo {gÕ ^`mo OmoŸ-
bm¡{H$H$ \$b Vmo {JZVrhþ_| H$hm§ Amd|Ÿ? Eg| {dMma H$a. AWdm g§gma_|
AmgŠV bmoJ AnZo-AnZo ñd^mdHo$ AZwgma Oog| VV²-VV² emóZ²H$m| AZwgaV
h| V|g| _oar pñW{V hmoVr V~ Egmo níMmÎmmn Zmht hmoVmo V~ H$hm hmoVmoŸ? {ZíM` lrAmMm`©OrŸ-Ÿ_hmà^yZ²Z| Oog| ^JdmZ²H$s AmkmH$mo Cëb”Z {H$`mo Vog|
hr _| bmoH$Vwë` hmoVmo. naÝVw bmoH$ Oogr _oar pñW{V Zmht ^B© ho Vmgy§ _oao Cna d¡îUdZ²Hw§$ lrAmMm`©OrH$mo Ñï>mÝV bo`H|$ ^JdmZ²H$s AmkmH$mo Cëb”Z Zmht
^JdmZ² X`mbw h| Egmo {dMma H$a. Amoa ^JdmZ²Z| Amkm H$ar ho Vmà_mU hmo` H$aZmo.
gHo$ Zmht Eg| XrIVmo hmo` Vmo ^JdmZ² "h[a' h|; BVZ| ñ_aU H$[adodmaoZ²Ho$ g~
nmnZ²Ho$ hVm© h|. gmo AnZ|hþ ajH$ h| Egmo {dMma H$a. naÝVw H$mhþ ar{Vgy§ _mohH$m| Ord ñd^mdgy§hr Xwï> ho; VWm{n g_n©Ugy§ CÎm_ hmo` ho. Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²H$s
_{V àmßV hmoŸ&&91/2&& H¥$nm {deof hmo` Vmohþ AnZr ~‹S>mB© Z _mZZr.
Eg| g~ {dMmaHo$ dmŠ` H${hHo$ Cng§hma H$aV h|Ÿ: ^JdmZ² gË`g‘>ën h|, gmo H$hm H$[adoH$s BÀN>m H$aV h| gmo Om{Zdo_|
Zmht AmdV ho; Vmgy§ gd©Xm {dZH$s Amkm{h_| ahZmo. Omo AmkmH$mo CëbL²>KZ
B{V lrH¥ $ îUXmgñ` dëb^ñ` {hV§ dM:Ÿ&&10Ÿ&& hmo` Vmo ñdm{_Ðmohê$n ~‹S>mo AnamY hmo`. Amoa, _| godH$ hm| Vmgm| _oao `mo½`hr
{MÎm§ à{V `XmH$Ê`© ^ŠVmo {ZpíMÝVVm§ d« O o V ² Ÿ && _oao ñdm_r H$a|JoŸ- Egmo {dMma H$[aHo$ godH$Hw§$ ñdm_rH$s Amkmhr_| ahZmo.
lrH¥$îUXmgñ`Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ XmgHo$ dM:Ÿ=ŸdMZ, `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo lrAmMm`©OrZ| AnZr àm¡T>rgm| Xmo` AmkmZ²H$mo Cëb”Z {H$`mo Vm_|
níMmVmnhr H$ømo ho, Vmgy§ AnZ| AmkmH$mo Cëb”Z H$aZmo Zmht.
dëb^ñ`Ÿ=Ÿlrdëb^Ho$ AmH$Ê`©Ÿ=Ÿgw{ZHo$
{MÎm§Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎmHo$ ^ŠV:Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠV
bm¡{H$H$ñdm_r Oog| AnamYHo$ H$maU godH$H$mo Ë`mJ H$ao ho Vog| ^JdmZ²
à{VŸ=Ÿà{V {ZpíMÝVVm§ = {ZpíMÝVnZoHw§$
godH$H$m| Zmht N>mo‹S>|Jo. ^JdmZ²H$mo A“rH$ma {ZË` ho gmo g_n©Um{XH$Z²gy§ {gÕ
B{VŸ=Ÿò, {hV§Ÿ=Ÿ{hVH$mar d«OoV² = àmá hmoC ^`mo V~ H¥$VmW©Vmhr hmo`Jr, Egr ^mdZm amIZt, dm_| gÝXoh Zmht H$aZmo.
^mdmW© : lrh[aHo$ Xmg lrdëb^mMm`©Ho$ AÝV:H$aUHo$ à{V ò {hVH$mar Amoa àm¡T> nwÌr_| ñZoh Oog| amIo ho Vog| Xoh_| ñZoh Zmht amIZmo, à^wHo$
(Ÿ`WmW©Ÿ) dMZ h|, OmHw§$ AÀN>rVah gwZH|$ ^ŠVOZ {MÝVma{hV hmo` Om§` h|. {d{Z`moJ_| bJmdZmo. Š`m| Omo àm¡T> nwÌr daHo$ nmg ôOdo`mo½` hmo` VWm{n dmHw§$
273 274
ñZohH$[aHo$ dmHo$ daHo$ nmg ôOo Zmht Vmo da àgÝZ hmo` Zmht Vog| Xoh à^yZ²H$s && {ddoH$Y¡`m©l`: Ÿ&&
godmHo$ `mo½` ho VWm{n `mHw§$ l_ hmo`Jmo Eg| {dMm[aHo$ XohHo$ D$na ñZoh am{IH|$
(13)
à^yZ²H$s godm_| amIo Zmht Vmo à^w àgÝZ hmo` Zmht.
^pŠV_mJ©_| A“rH$ma^ògy§ Ord ^JdmZ²Ho$ XmgnZoHw§$ àmßV ^`mo Amoa
^JdËgodm_| àd¥Îm ^`mo. V~ godmH$[aH|$ ^pŠVH$s ÑT>Vm hmo`doH$o {bò "ZdaËZ'J«ÝW_|
Vog| hr AnZr godmHo${bò à^yZ²Z| Xoh {X`mo ho Amoa à^yZ²Z| A“rH$ma {H$`mo àH$ma H$ømo ho Vmà_mU (Ÿ{MÝVmH$moŸ) Ë`mJ H$[adoH$mo {Zê$nU H$[ado_| `Ú{n
ho, VWm{n Omo godm Z H$ao Vmo Xygao bmoH$H$s ~am~ar AnZ²Hw§$ hmo`. {ddoH$, Y¡`© Amoa Aml` g§jongy§ H$ho hVo VWm{n O~ Vm§B© {ddoH$m{XH$Z²H$mo
{deof kmZ Z hmo` V~ Vm§B© godm_| Vogr ÑT>Vm hmo` Zmht. Vmgy§ `m J«ÝWÛmam AnZo
Amoa godm_| XohH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$[ado_| à{V~ÝY Am`doH$mo gå^d hmo` Vmo godH$Z²Ho${bò {ddoH$, Y¡`© Amoa Aml` H$mo {dñVmagy§ {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
^JdmZ²hr ajH$ h| Egr ^mdZm amIZr. `m {~Zm Xygamo Cnm` Zmht ho.
{ddo H $-Y¡ ` } gVV§ ajUrò VWm@l`:Ÿ&&
Ÿ&& B{V lr_X²dëb^mMm`©{da{MV AÝV:H$aUà~moYH$s {ddo H $ñVw ""h[a: gdª {ZOo À N>mV: H$[aî`{V''Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
g§{jßV d«O^mfmQ>rH$m
lr_X²Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbOr_hmamO H¥$V gånyU© ^B© Ÿ&& {ddoH$-Y¡`}Ÿ=Ÿ{ddoH$ Amoa Y¡`© (ŸajUr`:Ÿ=ŸajU H$[ado`mo½` hoŸ)
gVV§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa VwŸ=ŸAmoa, h[a:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU
ajUròŸ=ŸajU H$[ado`mo½` h| {ZOoÀN>mV:Ÿ=Ÿ{ZO BÀN>mgm|
VWmŸ=ŸEg| hr gdªŸ=Ÿg~H$Nw>, H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo
Aml`…Ÿ=ŸAml` (ŸB{VŸ=ŸòŸ), {ddoH$:Ÿ=Ÿ{ddH$
^mdmW© : {ddoH$ Amoa Y¡`© gd©Xm amIZo Vog|. ò XmoCZ²H$s {g{ÕHo${bò Aml`hþ
gd©Xm amIZmo. à^w AnZr BÀN>mgy§ g~H$Ny> H$a|Jo ò {ddoH$ ho.
Ÿ
Q>rH$m : à^w "h[a' h| AWm©V² ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw:I VWm nmn H$m| h[adodmao h| Eg|
g_OZmo gmo àW_ {ddoH$ ho. BVZ|, AnZo à`ËZgy§ {gÕ hmo` Egmo bm¡{H$H$ Amoa
^JdËgodm_| Cn`moJ_| Amdo Egmo Abm¡{H$H$ g~ ^JdmZ² hr {gÕ H$aJ| Vmgy§
godm N>mo{‹S>Ho$ AnZmo à`ËZm{XH$ Zmht H$aZmo gmo àW_ {ddoH$ ho. ò{h ZdaËZ_|
""{MÝVm H$m@{n Z H$m`m©'' `m íbmoH$_| {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho.
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo àmW©Zm {H$ò {dZm ^JdmZ² Ho$g| {gÕ H$aoJ|Ÿ? Vhm§
AÝV…H$aUà~moY: {ddoH$Y¡`m©l`:
275 276
H$hV h| Omo à^w AnZr BÀN>mgy§ H$aoJ| AWdm AnZo ^ŠVZ²H$s {dH$maa{hV BÀN>m
hmo`Jr Vmo ^ŠVZ²H$s BÀN>mà_mU H$aoJ| Eg| g_PZmo. Vmgy§ AnZo ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ Omo g~ ñWbZ²_| gd© dñVw ^JdmZ²H$shr ho Amoa Omo dñVw Z hmo` gmo {gÕ
BpÀN>V ho Vm_| {dH$ma Zmht hmo`Jmo Vmo ^ŠVZ²H$mo A^rï> à^w AnZr BÀN>mgy§hr H$[adoH$mo gm_Ï`©hþ ^JdmZ²_| ho. Vog| OmHw$ Omo dñVw Ano{jV ho gmo gmjmV²
{gÕ H$aoJ|, àmW©ZmH$s Anojm Zmht amIoJ|. VmV| àmW©Zm Zmht H$aZr ò {ÛVr` AWdm naånamgy§ à^whr XoV h| naÝVw Ord AkmZr ho gmo ""_oZ| `ËZ H$[aHo$ {gÕ
{ddoH$ ho. ò{h ""gd}ídaíM gdm©Ë_m'' ò ZdaËZHo$ íbmoH$_| {Zê$nU {H$`mo H$ar'' Eg| _mZV ho. Vmgy§ OrdHw§$ Ego g_OZmo Omo ""_| eaU Zmht J`mo hVmo V~
hoŸ&&1Ÿ&& _oar nmg Omo dñVw hVr gmohþ à^yZ²Zo hr XrZr hVr, V~ A^r Vmo à^yZ²Zo _oamo
A“rH$ma {H$`mo ho Vmgy§ àmW©Zm {H$ò {dZmhr à^whr Xo`J|'' Egmo {ZíM` H$[aHo$
dma§dma àmW©Zm Š`m| Zmht H$aZrŸ? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV godmhr H$aZr; naÝVw godm N>mo{‹S>Ho$ AnZmo à`ËZm{XH$ Zmht H$aZmo gmo MVwW©
h|Ÿ: {ddoH$ hoŸ&&2Ÿ&&
àm{W© V o dm VV: qH$ ñ`mV² ñdmå`{^àm`g§ e `mV² Ÿ && `hm§ Egr e‘>m hmo` Omo H$Nw>H$ g_` godm H$aZr Amoa ~mH$sHo$ g_`_|
gd© Ì Vñ` gdª {h gd© g m_Ï`© _ o d MŸ&&2Ÿ&& Xygamo H$m`© H$ao Vmo H$hm Xmof hoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
ñdmå`{^àm`g§e`mV²Ÿ=Ÿ A{^_mZíM g³Ë`mÁ`: ñdmå`YrZËd^mdmZV²Ÿ&&

ñdm{_Ho$ A{^àm`_| g§e` hmo`dogy§
àm{W©VoŸ=ŸàmW©Zm H$[adogy§ gd©ÌŸ=Ÿg~ {R>H$mZ| ñdmå`YrZËd^mdZmV²Ÿ=Ÿñdm{_Ho$ AYrZ hmo`doH$s ^mdZmgm|
dmŸ=Ÿhþ, VV:Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§ MŸ=ŸAmoa, gdªŸ=Ÿg~ H$Nw> A{^_mZ:Ÿ=ŸA{^_mZ, MŸ=ŸVmo
qH$Ÿ=ŸŠ`m, ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` gd©gm_Ï`ªŸ=Ÿg~ gm_Ï`© g³Ë`mÁ`:Ÿ=ŸAm{N> ^m§{Vgm| Ë`mJdo `mo½` ho
{hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§ Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo, EdŸ=Ÿhr
^mdmW© : ñdm{_Ho$ AmYrZ g~ h| Egr ^mdZmgy§ dmgZm g{hV A{^_mZH$mo
Ë`mJ H$aZmo.
^mdmW© : àmW©Zm {H$òVo H$hm hmo`Ÿ? H$Nw>hþ Z hmo`. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo ñdm{_H$mo
A{^àm` H$hm ho gmo AnZ² Zmht OmZo h|. g~ ñWbZ²_| gd© dñVw ^JdmZ²H$shr
ho Amoa Omo dñVw Z hmo` gmo {gÕ H$[adoH$mo gm_Ï`©hþ ^JdmZ²_| ho. Q>rH$m : BVZ|, `mH$mo A{^àm` `h ho Ho$ g_n©U ^ò nrN>o Xohm{XH$Z²_| AnZonZH$mo
A{^_mZ Zmht amIZmo. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo Xohm{XH$Z²_| ñdVÝÌVmH$[aH|$ A{^_mZ hmo` Vmo
{VZ_| Xoh VWm BpÝÐ`Z² H$mo {d{Z`moJ hmo`. Vmgy§ {VZ Xohm{XH$Z²_|gy§ A{^_mZH$mo
Q>rH$m : àmW©Zm {H$òVo H$hm hmo`Ÿ? H$Nw> hþ Z hmo`. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo ñdm{_H$mo
Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ Xohm{XH$ g~ ^JdmZ²_| Am{n©V {H$ò h| VmV| g~ ^JdmZ²Ho$ AmYrZ
A{^àm` H$hm ho gmo AnZ Zmht OmZo h|. ^JdmZ² AnZr BÀN>mgy§{h Xo`§Jo, BÀN>m
h| Egr ^mdZm H$aZr. Amoa O~ Egr ^mdZm ^`r V~ Ho$db ^JdmZ²Ho$
Zmht hmo`Jr Vmo Zmht Xo`§Jo; Vmgy§ àmW©Zm H$[aHo$ ñdY_©H$s hm{Z Š`m| H$aZrŸ?
AmYrZnZoH$mo AZwgÝYmZ gd©Xm aho. BVZ|, ^JdËH$m`© {dZmHo$ Amoa g~ H$m`©Z²_|
Eg| g_OZmo gmo V¥Vr` {ddoH$ ho.
XmofH$s ñ\y${V© hmo`Jr. VmH$[aH|$ AnZo ñdm_r Omo ^JdmZ² {VZ gå~pÝY H$m`©Z²_|{h
{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`: {ddoH$Y¡`m©l`:
277 278
ñdY_©nZoH$s ñ\y${V© hmo`Jr. V~ dh d¡îUd à^wgodm{h H$aoJmo, Xygao_| Xmofê$n Amdo Egr Amkm hmo`. AWm©V² ñdßZm{XÛmam à^w OVmd| AWdm ^ŠVZ²Ho$
~w{Õ hmo`dogy§ Xygamo H$m`© H$aoJmo Zmht ò n§M_ {ddoH$ ho. ò{h ZdaËZ_| AÝV:H$aU_| à^w {~amOV h| Vmgy§ AmË_mnZogy§hþ ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ ñ\y${V© aho ho BVZ|
""{ZdoXZÝVw ñ_V©ì`_²'' `m íbmoH$Ho$ {ddaU_| lrJwgm§B©OrZo {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. ^JdmZ²H$s Amkmhþ Om{Zdo_| AmdV ho.
AnZmo A“rH$ma Oog| à^yZ²Zo {H$`mo ho Vog| ór, nwÌm{XH$ g~Z²H$mo A“rH$ma AnZo
g“{h à^yZ²Z| {H$`mo ho Vmgy§ {VZHo${bòhþ AnZmo à`ËZm{XH$ Zmht hmo`Jmo. ò{h ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$n VWm brbmHo$ gå~ÝY_| à^yZ²H$s {deof Amkm hmo` Vmo
ZdaËZ_| ""{MÝVm H$m@{n'' `m íbmoH$Ho$ ì`m»`mZ_| ""bm¡{H$H$s VWm Abm¡{H$H$s Vmà_mU godm_| H¥${V H$aZr, Zmht Vmo lrAmMm`©OrH$s AmkmZwgmahr H$aZr.
{MÝVm N>mo‹S>Zr'' Egr n§pŠVgy§ {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. à^yZ²H$s {deof Amkmhþ `{X AnZo Xohm{XH$Ho$ gå~ÝYgy§ {^ÝZ hmo` V~ hr dm
Amkmà_mU {deof H$aZmo. BVZ|, órHo$ gå~ÝYH$mo AWdm nwÌm{XH$Ho$ {ddmhm{XH$Ho$
{deo f VíMo X ² Amkm ñ`mX² AÝV:H$aUJmo M a:Ÿ&&3Ÿ&& gå~ÝYH$mo Omo H$m`© hmo` Vm_| {deof Amkm hmo`doH$mo gå^dhþ Zmht gmo _yb_|
VXm {deo f JË`m{X ^mì`§ {^ÝZ§ Vw X¡ { hH$mV² Ÿ && "{^ÝZ'nXgy§ OVm`mo ho. ò{h {Zê$nU ZdaËZ_| ""godmH¥${Va² Jwamoa² Amkm ~mYZ§
dm harÀN>`m'' `m íbmoH$_| {H$`mo ho. Vmgy§ g_n©U {H$ò nrN>o VXr`nZoH$mo
AZwgÝYmZ am{IHo$ à^yZ²Ho$ àgmXnZogy§ {OVZmo Amdí`H$ hmo` {VVZmohr bm¡{H$H$
AÝV:H$aUJmoMa:Ÿ=ŸAÝV…H$aU_| Om{Zdo_| Amdo Egr
g~ H$aZmo naÝVw AmJ«h H$[aHo$ {deof Zmht H$aZmo ò N>R>mo {ddoH$ ho.
MoV²Ÿ=ŸOmo, {deofV:Ÿ=Ÿ{deofŸàH$maH$s H$V©ì`_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo, VwŸ=ŸAmoa
AmkmŸ=ŸAmkm, ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` X¡{hH$mV²Ÿ=ŸXohgå~ÝYgy§
godm_| YZ à^¥{V M{hò gmo Z hmo` V~ H$aO H$[aHo$ gm_J«r à^¥{V g~
VXmŸ=ŸV~ {^ÝZ§Ÿ=ŸAbJ H$[adoH$mo AmJ«h amIZmo Ho$ ZmhtŸ? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
{deofJË`m{XŸ=Ÿ{deof J{V Am{X (Ÿ^mì`_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmoŸ)
AmnX² J Ë`m{XH$m`} f w hR>g² Ë`mÁ`íM gd© W mŸ&&4Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : godm H$aV AÝV:H$aUgy§ Om{Zdo_| AmVr H$moC {deof ^JdXmkm hmo` AZmJ« h íM gd© Ì Y_m© Y _m© @ J« X e© Z _² Ÿ &&
Vmo VXZwgma H$aZmo. Egr {deof Amkmhþ AnZo Xohm{XH$Ho$ gå~ÝYgy§ {^ÝZ hmo`
{ddo H $mo @ `§ g_m»`mVmo Y¡ ` ª Vw {d{Zê$ß`Vo Ÿ &&5Ÿ&&
V~hr dm Amkmà_mU {deof H$aZmo.
MŸ=ŸAmoa, AmnX²JË`m{XH$m`}fwŸ=Ÿ Y_m©@Y_m©@J«Xe©Z§Ÿ=Ÿ

Q>rH$m : Eg| lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^yZ²H$s AmkmZwgma {ddoH$m{XH$Z²gy§ godm H$aVmo
hmo` Vm_| à^yZ²Hw§$ Ano{jV dñVw hmo` VmH$s Amkm lrAmMm`©OrH$s Amkmgy§ Amn{Îm Am` n‹S>o Ego H$m`©_| Y_© Amoa AY_© H$mo AJ«Xe©Z
{deof hmo` Vmo à^yZ²H$s Amkmà_mU {deof H$aZmo. Amoa `{X {deof Amkm hmo` gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ àH$magm| (ŸH$V©ì`§Ÿ=ŸH$aZmoŸ)
Zmht Vmo lrAmMm`©OrH$s AmkmZwgma{h godm H$aZr. hR>:Ÿ=ŸhR>, Ë`mÁ`:Ÿ=ŸË`mÁ`Ÿho A`§Ÿ=Ÿò, {ddoH$:Ÿ=Ÿ{ddoH$
gd©ÌŸ=Ÿg~ OJh g_m»`mV:Ÿ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgm| H$ømo
à^yZ²H$s {deof Amkm Ho$g| Om{Zdo_| AmdoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| AZmJ«h:Ÿ=ŸAmJ«hH$mo Ë`mJ VwŸ=ŸA~ Vmo, Y¡`ªŸ=ŸY¡`©
Omo (Ÿà^w AÝV:H$aUJmoMa h| BVZ| AÝV`m©_r h| Vmgy§Ÿ) AÝV:H$aU_| Om{Zdo_| (ŸH$V©ì`:Ÿ=ŸH$[ado`mo½` hoŸ) {d{Zê$ß`VoŸ=Ÿ{deofê$ngy§Ÿ{Zê$nUŸH$aoŸh|
279 280
^JdX²^ŠVZ²Hw§$ H$_m©{XH$ H$aZmo ho Eg| OmZZmo.
^mdmW© : Amn{Îm àmßV hmo` V~ hR> gd©Wm N>mo‹S>Zr. AmJ«hH$mo hþ Ë`mJ H$aZmo.
gd©Ì Y_© Am¡a AY_© H$mo nyd©{dMma H$aZmo. `m àH$magy§ {ddoH$H$mo AmN>r ^m§{Vgy§ Eg| {ddoH$ {dñVmagy§ H$ømo. A~ Y¡`©H$mo {Zê$nU {dñVmagy§ H$aV h|. BVZ|,
ì`m»`mZ {H$`mo. A~ Y¡`©H$mo {dñVmagy§ {Zê$nU H$aV hm|. ZdaËZ_| ""{MÎmmoÛoJ§ {dYm`m{n'' ò íbmoH$_| Y¡`©H$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. naÝVw
A~ {dñVmagy§ {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : Amn{Îm àmßV hmo` V~ àW_ Omo gm_J«r à^¥{VH$mo {Z`_ ~m§Ü`mo hmo`
Vmhr à_mU H$[adoH$s hR> gd©Wm N>mo‹S>Zr. BVZ|, H$aO H$[aHo$ {Z`_mZwgma g~ {Q>ßnUr : *Ÿ`hm§ ñ_mÎm© VWm d¡{XH$ Y_©H$mo Ë`mJ hmo` Vm_| Xmof Zmht ho Eg|
H$aZmohr Egr hR> gd©Wm Zmht H$aZr {H$ÝVw {dZm à`ËZ Omo {_bo Vm_| gÝVmof H${hdoH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Ho$ Omo ^ŠV gd©H$mb ^JdÕ_©_| ahVmo hmo` VmHw§$
am{IHo$ {VVZmo{h à^yZ²H$m| An©U H$aZmo, {deofH$mo AmJ«h Zmht amIZmo. Š`m|Ÿ? ñ_mÎmm©{XH$ Y_©_| {OVZmo g_` Om` {VVZmo g_` ^JdÕ_© Ny>Q>o V~ Ego ^ŠVHo$
Omo nw{ï>_mJ©H$s _`m©Xmgy§ à^yZ²Hw§$ ^ŠV Omo g_n}Jmo gmo à^w gmjmV² A“rH$ma _Z_| Šboe hmo`. Vmgm| ñ_mÎmm©{XH$ Y_©H$mo \$b hmo` Zmht. Amoa ^JdÕ_©
H$a|Jo. Ohm§ à^wgå~pÝY H$m`©_|hþ hR> Zmht H$aZr Vhm§ bm¡{H$H$ H$m`©_| hR> gd©Wm N>mo{‹S>H|$ ñ_mÎmm©{XH$ Y_© H$ao Vmohþ VmH$mo \$b Z hmo` Amoa CbQ>mo nmn bmJo. Vm
Zmht H$aZr Vm_| Vmo H$hm H$hoZmoŸ? ò gßV_ {ddoH$ ho. H$[aHo$ {ZaÝV ^JdÕ_©_|hr _½Z Omo ahVmo hmo` VmHw§$ ñ_mÎmm©{XH$ Y_© Ny>Q> Om`
Vmo haH$V Zmht.
d¡{XH$ H$m`©_| Ho$go H$aZmoŸ? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo
ñ_mÎm© VWm d¡{XH$ gd© ñWbZ²_| AmJ«h Zmht H$aZmo. BVZ|, ^JdËgodmHw§$ N>mo{‹S>Ho$hþ A~ Y¡`©H$mo bjU H$hV h|Ÿ:
ñ_mÎm©-lm¡Vm{XH$ Y_©Z²H$mo AmMaU H$aZmo Egmo AmJ«h gd©Wm Zmht H$aZmo. {H$ÝVw
^JdmZ²H$s Amkmgy§ àmßV ^`mo Omo Amdí`H$ H$_© ho gmo godmHo$ AZdga_|
{ÌXw : I-ghZ§ Y¡ ` © _ ² Am_¥ V o : gd© V : gXmŸ&
H$aZmo. _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy§ gmjmV² ^JdmZ²H$mo gå~ÝY Om_| Z hmo` Ego g~
H$m`©Z²_| AZmJ«hhr amIZmo ò Aï>_ {ddoH$ ho. VH« $ dX² - Xo h dX² - ^mì`§ OS>dX² - Jmo n ^m`© d V² * Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
d¡{XH$ Y_©Z²_| AZmJ«h Ho$g| hmo`Ÿ? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV Am_¥Vo:Ÿ=Ÿ_aU n`©ÝV gd©V:Ÿ=Ÿg~ àH$magm|
h| Omo Y_© Amoa AY_© H$mo AJ«Xe©Z H$aZmo. BVZ|, n[aUm_H$mo {dMma H$aZmo. gmo gXmŸ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa XohdV²Ÿ=ŸXohH$s Ý`m§B©
`m à_mU Ho$ Oog| lm¡V-ñ_mVm©{XH$ Y_©, Amoa ò Zmht H$[adoV| nmn bJo gmo {ÌXw:IghZ§Ÿ=Ÿ{VZmo àH$maHo$ OS>dV²Ÿ=ŸO‹S>H$s Ý`m§B©
AY_©, VmH$mo n[aUm_ {dMm[aHo$ OmHo$ n[aUm__| AY_© XrIdo_| Amdo gmo Zmht Xw…IZ²Hw§$ ghZ H$aZmo, Y¡`ªŸ=ŸY¡`© Jmon^m`©dV²Ÿ=Ÿ½dmboH$s npËZH$s Ý`m§B©
H$aZmo. Oog| ñ_mÎm©-lm¡V Y_© Amoa ^JdÕ_©, {VZ_| CÎmamoÎma ~bdmZ ho. Vmgy§ VH«$dV²Ÿ=ŸN>mgH$s Ý`m§B© ^mì`_²Ÿ=Ÿ^mdZm H$aZr
lm¡V (Ÿd¡{XH$Ÿ) Y_© H$[ado_| ñ_mÎm© Y_©H$mo Ë`mJ hmo` Vm_| Xmof Zmht ho. Vog|
^JdÕ_© H$[ado_| ñ_mV© VWm lm¡V Y_©H$mo Ë`mJ hmo` Vmo Xmof* Zmht ho. Š`m|Ÿ?
Omo g~gy§ A{YH$ ~b~mamo ^JdÕ_© ho Eg| {dMm[aHo$ ñ_mÎm© VWm lm¡V Y_©Z²_| ^mdmW© : _aU Oogmo H$ï> Am` Om` Vhm§ Vm§B© AWdm Am`wî` aho Vhm§ Vm§B©
AmJ«h Zmht H$aZmo ò Zd_ {ddoH$ ho. ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm ho Omo ""H$_© H$aZmo'' Am{Y^m¡{VH$m{XH$ VrÝ`mo àH$maHo$ Xw:IZ²H$m| g~ Vaohgy§ gXm ghZ H$aZmo VmH$mo
VmHw§$ `m _mJ©_| à_mU Zmht _mZo h| Egr H$mhÿHw§$ e‘>m hmo` gmo Zmht hmo`doHo${bò Zm_ "Y¡`©' ho.
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ghZ H$[ado_| Ñï>mÝV H$hV h| Omo àmaãYHo$ ^moJ ^wJVm`doH$s à^yZ²H$s BÀN>m
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, Xohgå~ÝYr Omo Xw:I hmo` gmo Am{Y^m¡{VH$, H$m_m{XH$Z²gy§ hmo` AWdm narjmHo$ AW© à^w \$b Xod_| {dbå~ H$a| V~ Jmon^m`m©Z²H$s ^mdZm
BpÝÐ`gå~pÝY Omo Xw:I hmo` gmo AmÜ`mpË_H$ Amoa Ord_| {H$VZmoH$ Y¡`© ho Eg| H$aZr. BVZ|, Oog| AÝVJ¥©hJVmZ²Hw§$ gH$m_~w{Õ hVr Vmgy§ Xw:I ^wJVdoH$mo àmaãY
narjmHo$ AW© AWdm Xw:I ^wJVdoH$mo OrdH$mo àmaãY hmo` VmHo$ AW© ^Jd{XÀN>mgy{§ h hVmo gmo à^yZ²Ho$ g“ amg_| {_bdoHo$ \$bHo$ {dbå~_| H$maU ^`mo. VmV| J¥h_|gy§
Xw:I àmßV hmo` ho gmo AWdm à^yZ²Hw§$ {d{Z`moJ H$[adoHo${bò Om dñVwH$s Anojm {ZH${gdoH$mo añVm {_ë`mo Zmht V~ ZoÌ _y§{XHo$ à^yZ²H$mo Ü`mZ {H$`mo V~ à^yZ²Ho$
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BpÝÐ`Z²H$s àd¥{Îm {df`_| Z hmo` V~ {dZH$mo Ë`mJ H$[ado_| AmJ«hdmZ² Z hmo`.
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H$amdo Amoa CXmgrZ hm|` Vmo ñd`§ hr godm H$ao. VWm{n {dZH$mo `moJ-jo_ Vmo gmo Z hmo` V~ do A{VH«$_ H$a| VmH$m| ghZ H$aZmo, naÝVw H«$moYm{XH$ H$aZmo Zmht.
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ghZ H$aZmo. ò g~ Y©_{damoYr H$ho h|. Amoa _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy§ Y_©Ho$
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285 286
ghZ H$aZmo, naÝVw {dZHo$ Cna H«$moYm{XH$ Zmht H$aZmo. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo {eî`- Oog|, OmHw$ {ZË` H$Nw>H$ Ðì` {_bo V~ {Zdm©h hmo` Egmo X[aÐ hmo` VmHw§$ EH$
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{dZH$mo A{Zï> hmo`. ^JdXr`Z²H$mo `h Y©_ Zmht ho Omo AnZ| {OZH$mo A“rH$ma naÝVw dm_| (Ÿdmo X[aÐ Oog| AnZmo Agm_Ï`© {~Mm[aHo$ dm Xw:IH$m| ghZ H$aV
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òhr hH$sH$V "ZdaËZ'_| ""{MÎmH$m| CÛoJ hmo` V~hþ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw…IHo$ h[adodmao
Eg| godmHo$ à{V~ÝYH$nZogy§ ór à^¥{VZ²Ho$ A{VH«$_UHw§$ ghZ H$[adoH$mo h[a Omo-Omo H$a|Jo gmo Egr hr {dZH$s brbm ho Eg| _m{ZHo$ {MÝVmHy§$ erK« hr
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AmÜ`mpË_H$ Xw…I hmo` VmH$m| ghZ H$[adoH$mo àH$ma H$hV h|Ÿ:
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287 288
Aml` Z hmo` Vmo AnZ²gy§ eŠ` hmo` gmohþ {gÕ Z hmo`. AWm©V² {Z…gmYZnZogy§ VWm nmabm¡{H$H$ H$s {g{ÕHo${bò h[aHo$ eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr, naÝVw godm
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Xw … I-hmZm¡ VWm nmno ^ò H$m_mÚny a Uo Ÿ &&10Ÿ&&
H$aZmo Zmht. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo àm`píMÎmm{XH$ H$[adogy§ eaUY_© OmVmo aho. Eg| amOm
^ŠVÐmo h o ^ŠË`^mdo ^ŠV¡ í Mm{V H« $ _o H¥ $ Vo Ÿ && VWm Mm¡am{XH$Z²gy§ qH$dm nmnm{XH$Z²gy§ ^` hmo` Vm_|hþ eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr.
AeŠò dm gw e Šò dm gd© W m eaU§ h[a…Ÿ&&11Ÿ&& Vog| BpÀN>V H$m_Zm hmo` {VZHo$ Omo nXmW© hm|` {VZH$s àmpßV_| eaUH$s ^mdZm
H$aZr. Vog| à_mXgy§ ^ŠVH$mo Ðmoh hmo` Om` AWdm ^ŠV AnZmo Ðmoh H$ao Vmo
Eo{hHo$Ÿ=Ÿ`m bmoH$_| ŸMŸ=ŸAmoa, ^ŠV¡…Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVÛmam Vm_|hþ eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr. Vog| godm_| àd¥Îm ^`mo hmo` naÝVw ^JdËñdê$n_|
nmabmoHo$Ÿ=ŸnabmoH$_|, MŸ=ŸAmoa A{VH«$_oŸ=ŸA{VH«$_U ñZoh CËnÝZ Z hmo` VmHo${bò ^ŠV A{VH«$_ H$ao AWdm Vogrhr H$moB Y_©Ho$
{df`_| ^ŠV A{VH«$_ H$ao V~ AnZmo Xmof {dMm[aHo$ eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr.
Xw…IhmZm¡Ÿ=ŸXw…IH$s hm{Z_| H¥$VoŸ=ŸH$[adon|, dmŸ=ŸAWdm
Vog| AnZ²gy§ hmo` gHo$ Zmht Ego H$m`©_| AWdm AnZ²gy§ hmo` gHo$ Eogo H$m`©_|hþ
VWmŸ=ŸAmoa AeŠòŸ=ŸAeŠ`, dmŸ=ŸAWdm eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr. AnZo gm_Ï`©gy§ `h H$m`© ^`mo ho Egmo A{^_mZ H$ao
nmnoŸ=Ÿnmn_|, ^òŸ=Ÿ^`_| gweŠòŸ=ŸghOVmgm| eŠ`_| Vmo eaUY_© Om`. Vmgy§ gdm©Ë_mH$[aHo$ VXr`nZoH$mo AZwgÝYmZ amIrHo$ h[aeaUH$shr
^ŠVÐmohoŸ=Ÿ^ŠVHo$ŸÐmohŸ/ŸAn_mZ_| gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ àH$magm| ^mdZm H$aZrŸ&&10-11Ÿ&&
^ŠË`^mdoŸ=Ÿ^pŠVHo$ Z hmo`do_| h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU, eaU_²Ÿ=ŸeaU h|
Ÿ Ah‘>maH¥ $ Vo M¡ d nmo î `-nmo f U-ajUo Ÿ &&
^mdmW© : `m bmoH$_| Amoa nabmoH$_| g~ ñWbZ²_| h[a eaU h|. Xw…IH$s hm{Z, nmo î `m{VH« $ _Uo M¡ d VWm@ÝVo d mñ`{VH« $ _o Ÿ &&12Ÿ&&
nmnHo$ {ZdmaU_|, ^`_|, H$m_Ho$ AW©Ho$ nyaU_|, ^ŠV AnZmo ÐmohH$ao AWdm Abm¡ { H$H$_Z…{gÕm¡ gdm© W } eaU§ h[a…Ÿ&&
AnZgy§ ^ŠVH$mo Ðmoh hmo` Om` Vm_|, ^pŠVHo$ A^md_|, ^ŠV A{VH«$_ H$ao Ed§ {MÎmo gXm ^mì`§ dmMm M n[aH$sV© ` o V ² Ÿ &&13Ÿ&&
Vm_|, AeŠ`_| Am¡a gweŠ`_| gd©Wm h[a hr eaU h|.
Ah‘>maH¥$VoŸ=ŸAh‘>ma H$[adono MŸ=ŸAmoa, EdŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§
Q>rH$m : BVZo, ^pŠV_mJ©_| OmH$mo A“rH$ma ^`mo ho Amoa godm_| àd¥Îm ^`mo ho
MŸ=ŸAmoa, EdŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§ nmoî`m{VH«$_UoŸ=Ÿnmoî`Ho$Ûmam
VmH$m| godm {gdm` Xygamo H$_© H$aZmo gmo ñdY_© Zmht ho. Vmgy§hr Eo{hH$ VWm
nmabm¡{H$H$ gmYZ H$ao Zmht. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo Vm_| godm_| AÝVam` hmo`. Vmgy§ Eo{hH$ nmoî`nmofUajUoŸ=ŸAnZono {Z^©aHo$
289 290
nmofU_| hmoVo A{VH«$_U_| H$aZmo Eg| VrÝ`mo àH$maH$s eaUmJ{V {Zê${nV H$ar hoŸ&&12-13Ÿ&&
VWmŸ=ŸAmoa, AÝVodmñ`{VH«$_oŸ= eaU§Ÿ=ŸeaUŸh|, Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m|
{eî`Ho$Ûmam hmoVo A{VH«$_U_| gXmŸ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Ho$ H$moB©gy§ hmo` gHo$ Zmht Ego ~‹S>o AW©_| Vmo h[aH$s
Abm¡{H$H$_Z…{gÕm¡Ÿ=Ÿ_ZH$s {MÎmoŸ=Ÿ{MÎm_| eaUmJVrH$s ^mdZm H$aZr naÝVw AnZ²gy§ hmo` gHo$ Ego AW©_| ^JdmZ²Ho$ Cna
Abm¡{H$H$VmH$s {g{ÕHo${bò ^mì`§Ÿ=Ÿ^mdZ H$aZmo ^ma Š`m| XoZmo M{hòŸ? gmYmaU AW©(ŸH$m`©H$s {g{ÕHo${bòŸ)_| Vmo XodmÝVaH$mo
ÔZ H$ao Vmo H$hm A‹S>MZ hoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
gdm©W}Ÿ=Ÿg~ AW©_| MŸ=ŸAmoa, dmMmŸ=Ÿdm{Ugy§
h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU n[aH$sV©òV²Ÿ=ŸAm{N> ^m§{Vgm| ~mobZmo
AÝ`ñ` ÔZ§ VÌ ñdVmo J _Z_o d MŸ&&
àmW© Z m H$m`© _ mÌo @ {n VVmo @ Ý`Ì {ddO© ` o V ² Ÿ &&14Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : Ordñd^mdgy§ H$moB©Ho$ gm_Zo Ah‘>ma H$[ado_|, nmofU H$[adoHo$ `mo½`Z²H$mo
nmofU VWm ajU H$[ado_|, órà^¥{V nmoî`Z²Ho$ Ûmam hmoVo A{VH«$__| VWm {eî`Ho$
Ûmam hmoVo A{VH«$__| Amoa _ZHo$ Abm¡{H$H$ {gÕ hmo`do_| Eg| gd© AW©_| h[ahr AÝ`ñ`Ÿ=ŸAmoa H$mhþH$s MŸ=ŸAmoa, H$m`©_mÌoŸ=ŸH$m`©_mÌ_|
eaU h| Egr {MÎm_| gXm ^mdZm H$ao Amoa dmUrgy§ Eg| H$ømo H$ao. ÔZ§Ÿ=Ÿgodm, VÌŸ=Ÿdhm§ A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, VV…Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§
ñdV…Ÿ=Ÿñd`§ MbmHo$ AÝ`ÌŸ=ŸAmoa H$hþ§, àmW©ZmŸ=ŸàmW©Zm
Q>rH$m : BVZo, Ordñd^mdde H$moB©Ho$ g“ AWdm ^ŠVHo$ g“ Ah‘>ma hmo`, EdŸ=Ÿhr, J_Z§Ÿ=ŸOmZmo {ddO©òV²Ÿ=Ÿ{deofê$ngy§ Ë`mJZo
VmH$[aHo$ Amgyamdoe hmo`, VmH$mo {ddoH$ nrN>ogy§ hmo` V~ níMmVmn hmo`, V~
eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr. AWdm à^wH$s AË`ÝV H¥$nm hmo` V~ à^yZ²Ho$ g“hr ^mdmW© : AÝ`XodH$mo ÔZ VWm AÝ`XodHo$ gpÝZYmZ Amnw Mbm`Ho$ OmZmo,
Ah‘>ma hmo` V~hþ VmHo$ XmofH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr. Vog| Amoa àmW©ZmHo$ H$m`©_mÌ_| AnZo ñdm_r h[a {gdm`
AnZo nmofU H$[ado`mo½` Omo ór-nwÌm{XH$ h| {VZH$mo nmofU VWm ajU H$[ado_|
XodVmÝVaH$s nmg g~ N>mo‹S>Zmo.
VWm nmoî` Ego ór-nwÌm{XH$Z²H$mo A{VH«$_ hmo`. AWdm _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy§
~ÝYy VWm Xmgn`©ÝVZ²H$mohþ A{VH«$_ hmo` Vm_|, VWm {eî` AnZmo A{VH«$_ H$ao
Vm_| eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr, naÝVw H«$moY Z H$aZmo. Vog| _ZH$s Abm¡{H$H$VmH$s Q>rH$m : BVZo, AÝ`XodH$mo ÔZ VWm ÔZHo${bò J_Zhþ Zmht H$aZmo. _yb_|
{g{ÕHo${bò eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr. `hm§ "_Z' {b»`mo ho gmo g~ BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo "M'H$ma ho Vmgy§ Xygamo àoaUm H$ao Vmohþ AÝ`XodHo$ gpÝZYmZ Om` Zmht. Š`m|Ÿ?
OVm`dodmamo ho. BVZo, Xoh-BpÝÐ`m{XH$ g~Z²H$mo àmH¥$V A§e {Zd¥Îm hmo`Ho$ Oog| Omo XodmÝVaÔZ Amoa XodmÝVaH$s nmg J_Z N>moS>o Zmht Vmo eaUnXmW© (ŸAml`Ÿ)
Abm¡{H$H$nZmo {gÕ hmo` Amoa gmo {gÕ ^ò nrN>o Abm¡{H$H$ gH$b nXmW©Z²H$s OmVmo aho. òhr "Ý`mgmXoe'_| {b»`mo ho Omo à^yZg² §y AÝ`H$mo ÔZ Amoa {dZH$snmggy§
gån{ÎmHo${bòhþ h[ahr eaU h| Egr ^mdZm H$aZr. BVZo, kmZê$n Omo {MÎm ho Anojmhþ N>mo‹S>Zr.
Vm_| eaUH$s ^mdZm H$aZr Amoa dmUrH$[aHo$ CÀMma H$aZmo. jU_mÌhþ CÀMma
Z H$ao Vmo dm{h g_` Amgwa^mdH$mo àdoe hmo`. {MÎmHy§$ kmZê$nnZmo ^`mo Z hmo` Vhm§ Egr e‘>m hmo` Omo à^wH$snmg àmW©Zm H$aZr ò Vmo `mo½` Zmht h|, Vmgy§
Vmohþ dmUrgy§ ""lrH¥$îU… eaU§ __'' Eg| H$ømo hr H$aZmo. _yb_| "M'H$ma ho Vmgy§ H$Nw>H$ nXmW©H$s Anojm hmo` V~ Xygao XodH$s nmg àmW©Zm_mÌ H$ao, ÔZ-
H$m`mH$[aH|$ godm H$aZr, _ZH$[aH|$ ^mdZm H$aZr Amoa dmUrH$[aH|$ CÀMma J_Zm{XH$ H$ao Zmht Vmo H$hm AS>MZŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo Xygao
291 292
XodH$mo ÔZ Amoa {dZHo$ nmg J_Zm{XH$ Oog| N>m‹S>o Vog| ñdën VWm ~‹S>o H$m`©_|hþ
Xwgao XodH$snmg àmW©Zm N>mo‹S>o. _yb_| "{ddO©òV²' Eg| {b»`mo ho VmH$mo A{^àm` A{dídmgmo Z H$V© ì `… gd© W m ~mYH$ñVw g…Ÿ&&
Egmo ho Omo gd©Wm àmW©Zm Z H$ao. _yb_| ~hþdMZ ho Vmgy§ H$mhþ àH$maH$s àmW©Zm ~« ÷ mó-MmVH$m¡ ^mì`m¡ àmßV§ go d o V {Z_© _ Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&
Z H$aZr Egmo A{^àm` OVm`mo ho.
A{dídmg…Ÿ=ŸA{dídmg ~mYH$…Ÿ=Ÿ~mYH$(^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho)

`hm§ Egr e‘>m hmo` Omo na_ ào_, AmgpŠV Amoa ì`gZ n`©ÝV àmßV ^ò
VwŸ=ŸVmo, ZŸ=ŸZmht ~«÷mó-MmVH$m¡Ÿ=Ÿ~«÷móŸAmoaŸMmVH$ŸH$s
Ego d«OdmgrZ²Zohþ XmdmZbH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò jwYmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò Amoa d¥{ï>H$s
{Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò hþ àmW©Zm H$ar ho. Vog| {H$VZoH$ _wpŠV à^¥VrZ²H$shþ àmW©Zm H$aV H$V©ì`…Ÿ=ŸH$[ado`mo½` ho ^mì`m¡Ÿ=Ÿ^mdZm H$aZr
h|. Vmo `hm§ àmW©ZmH$mo {ZfoY Š`m| H$`m} hoŸ? Egr e‘>mH$mo g_mYmZ `h ho Omo g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo, gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ Vahgy§ {Z_©_…Ÿ=Ÿ__VmŸa{hV
d«OdmgrZ²Zo XmdmZbHo$ àg“_| Xmo` {~[a`m§ àmW©Zm H$ar ho. Vm_| àW_H$s àmßV§Ÿ=ŸàmßV ^òH$mo godoVŸ=Ÿ^moJ H$ao
àmW©Zm_| H$ømo ho Omo ""h_ AmnHo$ MaUHy§$ N>mo{‹S>do_| g_W© Zmht h|'' BVZo,
XmdmZb gømo Om` ho naÝVw AmnHo$ MaUH$mo {dà`moJ gømo Zmht Om` ho. Amoa ^mdmW© : A{dídmg Zmht H$aZmo. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo gmo gd©Wm ~mYH$ ho. Vmgy§
Xygar {~[a`m§ àmW©Zm H$ar ho VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo à^yZ²Ho$ g“ H«$sS>m_| A{dídmg_| ~«÷móH$s Amoa {dídmg_| MmVH$H$s ^mdZm amIZr. Amoa Omo àmßV
gmå`~w{Õ ^`r gmo AnamY ^`mo ho. naÝVw Amn {gdm` h_Hy§$ VWm h_ {dZm hmo` Vm_| __Vm a{hV hmo`Ho$ à^wgodm H$ao.
AmnHy§$ H«$sS>m Z hmo`Jr Amoa h_mamo OrdZhþ Amn {dZm Z ahoJmo. Vmgy§ XmdmZbH$mo
^` h_Hy§$ Zmht ho, naÝVw AmnHo$ ñdê$nH$mo AÝVam` h_gy§ Zmht gømo Om` ho
Ego A{^àm`gy§hr àmW©Zm H$ar ho. Vmgy§hr ""h_mar ajm H$amo'' Ego Zmht H${hHo$ Q>rH$m : BVZo, eaUmJV ^òn| A{dídmg Zmht H$aZmo. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo {OVZo Xygao
""ajm H$[ado `mo½` hmo'' Ego H$ømo ho gmo ì`gZ^mdgy§ H$ømo ho, AnZo gwIH$s ~mYH$ h| {dZ g~Z²H$s Anojmgy§ A{dídmg A{YH$ ~mYH$ ho. A{dídmg H$[aHo$
A{^bmemgy§ H$ømo Zmht ho. Vog| lrJmoHw$b Vmo \$bñdê$n ho. gmo ^JdmZ²Zo AnZr Xygao Y_©H$mo gå~ÝY hmo` Vmo eaUY_© Zï> hmo`, Vmgy§ A{dídmg_| ~«÷móH$s
brbmHo${bò \$bmon`moJr gd© agmË_H$ àH$Q> {H$`mo ho. Vmgy§ dhm§H$s brbm ^mdZm H$aZr. BVZo, hZy_mZOr lrOmZH$sOrH$s gwYr bodoHy§$ b‘>m à{V Jò hVo
~m{ha bmoH$mZwgm[aUr ho. Amoa {^Va Vmo ~hmoV à`moOZ`wŠV Abm¡{H$H$ brbm ho. V~ {Jao ^ò \$bm{XH$Z²H$mo ^jU H$[adoH$s lrOmZH$sOrZo Amkm H$ar V~
Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²Hy§$ O~-O~ Om àH$maH$s brbm H$[adoH$s BÀN>m hmo` ho V~-V~ CndZHo$ d¥jH$mo ZrMo nQ>Ho$ V~ Omo \$b ZrMo {Jao VmH$mo ^jU H$ao. Ego H$aV-
Vogmo H$m`© gånmXZ H$aV h|. Oog| `knpËZHo$ Cna AZwJ«h H$[adoH$s BÀN>m ^`r H$aV g~ d¥jZ²H$mo Zme hZy_mZOrZo {H$`mo. gmo gw{ZHo$ amdUZo AnZo nwÌ
V~ JmonZ²H$m| ghgm jwYm CËnÝZ H$ar. Vog|hr lrJmoHw$b_| g~Z²Ho$ {ZamoYHo${bò BÝÐOrVHy§$ nR>m`mo. gmo Am`Ho$ AZoH$ eó-Aó hZy_mZOrHo$ Cna N>mo‹S>do
hr ^JdmZ² g~ H$aV h| Vmgy§ dm_| nyd©nj H$[adoH$mo AdH$me Zmht hoŸ&&14Ÿ&& bm½`mo. \o$[a ~«÷mó Zm»`mo. naÝVw dmHo$ Cna {dídmg Zmht am{IH|$ ZmJnmem{XH$
S>mao. ~«÷móH$s Cna {dídmg am{IHo$ `{X Xygamo Aó Zmht S>maVmo Vmo ~«÷mó
AnZmo H$m`© H$aVmo naÝVw ~«÷móH$s Cna A{dídmg H$[aHo$ Xygao Aó S>mao Vmgy§
g~ XodZ²H$mo VWm Y_©Z²H$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ ^JdmZ²H$s eaUmJ{V H$[adoH$mo ~«÷mó {Zî\$b ^`mo. Vog|hr eaUJ_Z_|hþ A{dídmg amIo Vmo eaUY_© Z aho.
Cna H$ømo, naÝVw Ego H$[ado_|hþ AnZmo BpÀN>V hmo`Jmo gmo ^JdmZ² XoBJ| qH$dm Vmgy§ A{dídmg Zmht H$aZmo. Amoa {dídmg_| MmVH$njrH$s ^mdZm H$aZr. BVZo,
Zmht XoBJ| Ego H$moZ OmZV hoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: ñdm{VObHo$ {dídmgno MmVH$njr ahV ho Vmgy§ _oK df©V ho Amoa MmVH$njr
ObH$mo nmZ H$aV ho. Vog| eaUmJ{V_| {dídmg H$ao Vmo ^JdmZ² g~ {gÕ H$a|Jo
293 294
Ego {dídmg H$[aHo$ eaU_| pñW{V amIo. Vm_| à`ËZ {dZm ^Jd{XÀN>mgy§ Omo H$nQ>nZogy§ ho, ñdY_©~w{Õgy§ Zmht ho''. Oog| JrVmOr_| H$ømo ho Omo ""bm¡{H$H$_|
àmßV hmo` Vm_| __Vm a{hV hmo`Ho$ à^wgodm H$ao naÝVw {deofàmpßVHo${bò `ËZ AmgŠV AkmZr _Zwî` Om àH$ma H$_© H$ao ho Vog| kmZrhþ bmoH$Z²H$m| {gIm`doH$o {bò
H$ao Zmht. Omo àmßV hmo` gmo g~ à^yZ²_| {d{Z`wŠV H$ao, ñdmW©Ñ{ï> amIo H$_© H$ao''. AWdm, eaUY_© {gÕ am{IdoHo${bò H$_© H$aZo Zmht Vmohþ Xmof Zmht
ZmhtŸ&&15Ÿ&& ho. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo gd©Y_©ê$n eaUY_© ho. {deof H${hdogy§ H$hm {gÕ hmo` hoŸ? gd©Ì
eaUH$s hr ^mdZm amIZr. bmoH$g§J«hHo${bòhþ H$_© H$aZmo Zmht. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo
Xygao Y_©H$mo gå~ÝY hmo` Vmo eaUnXmW© Më`mo Om`, Ego H$ømo, V~ bmoH$g§J«hHo${bòhþ {d{Yê$nnZogy§ `{X H$_© H$ao Vmo eaUnXmW© Z aho. BVZo,
Amdí`H$ bm¡{H$H$ Amoa d¡{XH$ H$_©Z²H$mohþ Ë`mJ hmo`, V~ Vmo `h(Ÿnw{ï>^pŠVŸ) à^yZH² $s Amkm _m{ZHo$ H$_© H$aZmo, {d{Yê$n Om{ZHo$ H$aZmo Zmht. Eg| gdm©Ë_mH$[aH|$
_mJ© Aà_mU ho Egr e‘>m hmo` gmo Z hmo`doHo${bò bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$ H$_© gd©Y©_Z²H$mo Ë`mJ H$ao V~ nmnH$s gå^mdZm hmo`. Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo h[aH$s
H$[adoH$mo àH$ma H$hV h|Ÿ: eaU^mdZm H$ao. BVZo, gd©Xw…I VWm nmnZ²H$mo haU H$[adodmao "h[a' h| gmo
nmnm{XH$Z²Hw§$ Xya H$a|Jo. òhr AOw©ZHo$ à{V lrH¥$îUZo JrVmOr_| ""gd©Y_m©Z²
n[aË`Á`'' `m íbmoH$_| H$ømo ho Omo g~ nmnZ²gy§ _| VmoHw§$ Nw>‹S>mC§JmoŸ&&16Ÿ&&
`WmH$WpÄMV² H$m`m© { U Hw $ `m© X ² CÀMmdMmÝ`{nŸ&&
qH$ dm àmo Š Vo Z ~hþ Z m eaU§ ^mdò X ² h[a_² Ÿ &&16Ÿ&&
Eg| Aml`Ho$ ñdê$nH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ Cng§hma H$aV h|Ÿ:
CÀMmdMm{ZŸ=Ÿloð> Amoa Aloð> ~hþZmŸ=Ÿ~hmoV

Ed_² AmlÙ§ àmo Š V§ gd} f m§ gd© X m {hV_² Ÿ &&
H$m`m©{UŸ=ŸH$m`©, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ àmoŠVoZŸ=ŸH${hdogy§
H$bm¡ ^ŠË`m{X_mJm© h r Xw ñ gmÜ`m B{V _o _{V…Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&
`WmH$WpÄMV²Ÿ=ŸOog| ~{Z Amdo Vog| {H$_²Ÿ=ŸH$hm, h[a¨Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$mo
Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$ao, dmŸ=ŸAé eaU§Ÿ=ŸeaU, ^mdòV²Ÿ=Ÿ{~Mmao
Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ {hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngm|
gd}fm§Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²Hw§$ H$bm¡Ÿ=ŸH${bH$mb_|
gd©XmŸ=Ÿh_|em ^ŠË`m{X_mJm©…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV Am{X _mJ©
^mdmW© : Cƒ-CdM H$m`©hþ Oog|Ÿ(Ÿ~{Z AmdoŸ) Vog| H$aZo. {deof H${hdogy§ H$hm
{hV§Ÿ=Ÿ{hVH$mar XwñgmÜ`m:Ÿ=ŸH$ï>gm|Ÿ{gÕŸhm|` EgoŸh|
\$b {gÕ hmo`Ÿ? h[ahr eaU h| Egr ^mdZmŸH$aZr.
AmlÙ§Ÿ=ŸAml`Hw§$ B{VŸ=ŸEgr, _oŸ=Ÿ_oar
àmoŠV_²Ÿ=ŸAm{N> ^m§{Vgm| H$ømo _{V…Ÿ=Ÿ_{V(ŸApñVŸ=Ÿ hoŸ)
Q>rH$m : BVZo, bmoJZ²Hw§$ `h _mJ© Aà_mU ho Egr e‘>m Z hmo` dmHo${bò
A{VAmdí`H$ bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$ H$m`© H$ao. AWm©V² _mJ©H$s à_mUVmHo${bò,
à^wH$s Amkm Om{ZHo$ bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$ H$_© H$aZo, ñdY_©nZogy§ Zmht H$aZo. Oog| ^mdmW© : Eg| g~ OrdZ²H$§w gd©Xm {hVê$n Aml` H$ømo ho. H${b`wJ_| ^pŠVà^¥{Îm
JrVmOr_| AOw©ZZo AÝV_| H$ømo Omo ""Oogmo dMZ ho Vmà_mU H$ê§$Jmo'' Eg| _mJ© Xw…gmÜ` h| Egr _oar _{V ho.
H${hHo$ ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm _m{ZHo$ `wÕ {H$`mo ho, Eg| H$ao Vmo eaU nXmW© Om`
Zmht. òhr "nw{ï>àdmh_`m©Xm'_| H$ømo ho Omo ""bm¡{H$H$ VWm d¡{XH$ nZmo nwï>^ŠVZ²_| Q>rH$m : BVZo, g~ OrdZ²Hw§$ g~ dU© VWm Aml_Z² _| eaU gd©Xm {hVH$mar ho
295 296
VWm gmYZ {dZmhþ Eo{hH$ VWm nmabm¡{H$H$ gån{ÎmH$mo gmYH$ ho. g~ `wJZ²_| Ÿ&& H¥$îUml`…Ÿ&&
gmYZH$[aH|$hr \$b hmo` ho Amoa `hm§ g~ gmYZHw§$ N>mo{‹S>Ho$ Ho$db eaUH$mo hr
(14)
CnXoe Š`m| H$aV h|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo AÝ` `wJZ²_| Y_©H$mo hr
àmYmÝ` hVmo Vmgy§ _`m©Xm^pŠV à^¥{VZ²Hw§$ gmYZH$[aH|$ hr gmÜ`nZmo hVmo. Vmgy§ lrH¥$îUHo$ Aml`Hw§$ gd© {gÕ H$[adonZmo ho Vmgy§ AnZo ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ daXmZ
gmYZ H$[aHo$hr {d{hV^pŠV, CnmgZm Amoa H$_m©{XH$Z² H$mo \$b hmoVmo hVmo. Amoa XodoH$sgr Zm§B© lrAmMm`©MaU lrH¥$îUml` ñVmoÌH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|. Vm_| A~
H${b`wJ Vmo nmnàYmZ ho Vmgy§ gmYZZ²Ho$ A^mdgy§ {d{hV ^pŠVà^¥{V _mJ©hþ H${bH$mbHo$ à^mdgy§ Xoe H$mb Ðì` H$Vm© _ÝÌ Amoa H$_© ò fQ²>gmYZ nwê$fmW©
hmo` gHo$ Eg| Zmht ho, BVZmo hr Zmht naÝVw gmYZ-gån{Îm {~Zm `pËH$pÄMV² {gÕ H$[adodmao Zmht h| Eg| ~VmVo ^ò, ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ ^JdmZ²hr gd©gmYZê$n h|,
H$[ado_|hþ nmfÊS>H$mo àdoe hmo`dogy§ nmnhþ hmo` ho Vmgy§ gd©Wm Xw…gmÜ` ho. Xoem{XH$ fQ²>gmYZ VWm Mma àH$maHo$ nwê$fmW© ê$nhþ ^JdmZ²hr h|, Xe{dY
gË``wJm{XH$Z²_|hþ gmYZH$[aH|$ Omo _mJ© gmÜ` hVo gmohþ H${b`wJ_| gmYZHo$ brbmH$[aHo$ {Zê$ß`hþ ^JdmZ² hr h|, gËd-aOg²-V_moJwUZ²Ho$ ôXgy§ Zd VWm
A^mdgy§ Xw…gmÜ` ^ò V~ gË``wJm{XH$Z²_|hþ Omo ^pŠV_mJ© gmYZH$[aHo$ gmÜ` Xe_ {ZJw©U Eg| Xe{dY ^ŠVZ² H$[aHo$ goì` ^JdmZ² h|, Amoa earaHw§$ g~ {g{Õ
Zmht hVmo, Ho$db ^JdmZ²Ho$ AZwJ«hH$[aHo$hr gmÜ` hVmo, gmo H${b`wJ_| Vmo gwVam§ H$[adodmao Oog| Xe àmU h| Vog| ^ŠVHw§$ g~ {gÕ H$[adodmamo `h ñVmoÌ ho Eg|
Xw…gmÜ` hmo` Vm_| H$hm H$hZmoŸ? Vmgy§ gdm©Ë_mH$[aH|$ eaUmJ{V H$[ado_| Ego Cna {bIo g~ H$maU OVm`doHo${bò Xe íbmoH$Z²gm| {Zê$nU H$aV h|. Vm_|
^pŠV_mJ©_|hþ ^JdmZ² AZwJ«h H$a|Jo. Vmgy§ gdm©Ë_mH$[aH|$ eaUH$shr ^mdZm àW_ _w»` A“ H$mb ho. Vmgy§ H$mbY_©H$mo {ZamH$aU H$[aHo$ Aml`H$s àmW©Zm
H$aZr, Xygamo H$Nw> Zmht H$aZmo Egmo AnZmo {gÕmÝV OVm`doHo${bò ""Egr _oar H$aV h|Ÿ:
_{V ho'' Egmo H$ømo ho. lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Zo ""_oar _{V ho'' Egmo H$ømo ho Vmgy§
ñd_mJu` ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ Vmo eaUH$shr ^mdZm H$aZr, Xygamo H$Nw> Zmht H$aZmo, Egmo gd© _ mJ} f w Zï>o f w H$bm¡ M IbY{_© { UŸ&
A{^àm` ho. nmfÊS>àMw a o bmo H o $ H¥ $ îUEd J{Va² __Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
Ÿ&&ŸB{V lr_X²dëb^mMm`© {da{MV "{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`'H$s IbY{_©{UŸ=ŸnmIÊS> Y_©dmao nmfÊS>àMwaoŸ=ŸnmIÊS>H$s

Jmoñdm_r lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV H$bm¡Ÿ=ŸH${bH$mb_| A{YH$Vm hmoÒmdogy§
d«O^mfm_| g§{jßV Q>rH$m g_mßV ^B©Ÿ&& gd©_mJ}fŸw =Ÿg^r _mJ© __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo
Zï>ofwŸ=ŸZï> hmoÒmdogy§ H¥$îUŸ=ŸH¥$îU
MŸ=ŸAmoa EdŸ=Ÿhr
bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_| J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`Ÿ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho)
^mdmW© : Ib Y_©dmao H${b`wJ_| gd© _mJ© Zï> hmo` Jò h| Amoa bmoH$ ~hmoV
nmfÊS>dmamo hmo` J`mo ho Vm_| lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hm|.
Q>rH$m : BVZo Cnagy§ AÀN>mo Xo{Ido_| Amdo Amoa ^rVagy§ Xwï> hmo` gmo "Ib' H$ømo
{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`: H¥$îUml`…Ÿ
297 298
Om`. Egmo Y_© H${b`wJ_| ho. Vm_| lrH¥$îUhr _oao J{Vê$n hm|`. `h H${hdoH$mo nam^yV hmo` Omdog§y J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`(ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo gÎmmdmMH$ "H¥$f²' eãX ho Amoa AmZÝXdmMH$ "U'ŸeãX ho.
Xmo`H$s EH$Vmgy§ "gXmZÝX' eãX ~Zo ho. gmo gXmZÝX lrH¥$îU Eo{hH$ VWm ^mdmW© : g~ Xoe åboÀN>Z²H$[aHo$ AmH«$mÝV hmo` Jò h|. Amoa {dZ_| nmnrZ²H$mohr
nmabm¡{H$H$ AW©Ho$ {gÕ H$[adodmao _moHw§$ hm|`. {Zdmg hmo J`mo ho. Amoa gËnwê$fZ²Hw§$ nrS>m hmo`dogy§ g~ bmoJ ì`J« hmo` Jò h|.
Ego g_`_| lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hm|.
IbY_©H$mo ñdê$n H$hV h|Ÿ: Omo bmoH$_| nmfÊS> AË`{YH$ ^`mo ho Vmgy§{h
H$_©Ÿ-ŸkmZm{XH$ _mJ© (ŸOmgy§ nwéfmW©Ho$ Cnm` ImoOo Om`| dmHw§$ "_mJ©' H$ømo Om` Q>rH$m : BVZo g~ XoeZ²_| åboÀN>m{XH$ hrZ OmVrZ²H$s gÎmm hmo JB© ho. Amoa do
hoŸ) Zï>àm`: ^ò h|. `km{XH$Z²gy§ ñdJ©H$s àmpßV hmo`doH$mo doX_| {b»`mo ho. Vm_| åboÀN>hþ Y_©_| d{V©dodmao Zmht ho {H$ÝVw nmn_|hr {dZH$mo _w»` ñWmZH$ ho.
"ñdJ©' nX AmË_gwIH$mo dmMH$ ho gmo Zmht Om{ZHo$ bmoH$H$mo dmMH$ ho Egmo ^«_ AWdm A“-~“-H${b“ Am{X Xoe Ego h| Omo {dZ_| J_Z_mÌgy§hr nwZ… g§ñH$ma
nmfÊS>r bmoJ CËnÝZ H$aV h|. (ŸEgr {_Ï`m H$m_Zmgy§ H$`} H$_©gy§Ÿ) {MÎmH$s ew{Õ H$aZmo n‹S>o ho. Ego XoeZ²_| åboÀN>m{XH$Z| AmH«$_U {H$`mo ho Vmgy§ VrW©`mÌm{XH$Ho$
Zmht hmo`dogy§ H$_©_mJ© Zï> ^`mo ho. àg“V| Om`do_|hþ nmn bJo ho. Amoa gËnwê$fZ²Hw§$ nrS>m hmo` ho VmH$[aHo$ g~ bmoJhþ
ì`J« hmo` aho h|. Š`m| Omo ñdY_m©{XH$H$mo AmMaU H$[adodmaoZ²Hw§$ nrS>m hmoVr
_m`mdmX Am{X dmXZ²H$o A{^{Zdoegy§ kmZ_mJ© Amoa {ZarídadmXHo$ A“rH$magy§ Xo{IHo$ AmoaZ²Hw§$ Y_©_mJ©_| lÕm{XH$ Zmht aho ho. Ego g_`_| lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V
`moJ_mJ© Zï> ^ò h|. {d^y{VnaH$ hmo` Omdogy§ CnmgZm_mJ© Zï> ^`mo ho. _yb_| hm|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
"M'H$ma ho Vmgy§ H${bH$mbHw§$ _hmXodm{XH$ AZwJwU (Ÿghm`H$Ÿ) ^ò h|. Vmgy§
lrH¥$îU {h J{V hm|. _yb_| "Ed'H$ma ho gmo AÝ`Ho$ `moJH$mo ì`dÀN>oXH$ ho. Vmgy§ J“m{XH$ VrW©Z²gm| hþ gd© nwê$fmW©H$s {g{Õ hmo` ho V~ Ho$db Aml`
A§eŸ-ŸH$bm{XH$ J{Vê$n _{V hm| Egmo A{^àm` hoŸ&&1Ÿ&& H$[adoH$mo H$hm à`moOZ hoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ (ŸVrWm©{Xê$nŸ)Ðì`H$s AgmÜ`Vm
H$hV h|Ÿ:
nwÊ`Xoe_| pñW{V_mÌgy§{h nwê$fmW©H$s {g{Õ hmo` ho V~ XygaoH$mo {ZfoY
H$[aHo$ Aml`H$shr àmW©Zm Š`m| H$aV hmoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: J“m{X-VrW© - d`} f w Xw ï >¡ a o d md¥ V o p îdhŸ&
{Vamo { hVm{YX¡ d o f w H¥ $ îUEd J{Va² __Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
åbo À N>mH« $ mÝVo f w Xo e o f w nmn¡ H $-{Zbò f w MŸ&&
gËnr‹ S >m-ì`J« - bmo H o $ fw H¥ $ îUEd J{Va² __Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& BhŸ=Ÿ`hm§, J“m{XVrW©-d`}fwŸ=Ÿ {Vamo{hVm{YX¡dofwŸ=ŸA{YXodVm
J“mOr Am{X _w»` VrW© {Vamo{hV hmoÒmdogy§, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo
XoeofwŸ=ŸXoeŸ/ŸñWmZ gËnrS>mì`J«bmoHo$fwŸ=ŸgËnwéfZ²Hw§$ Xwï>¡…Ÿ=ŸXwï> bmoJZ²gy§ H¥$îUŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU, EdŸ=Ÿhr
nmn¡H${ZbòfwŸ=ŸEH$_mÌŸnmnHo$ŸKaê$n nr{S>V Xo{IHo$ bmoJZ²Ho$ AYra EdŸ=Ÿhr, Amd¥VofwŸ=Ÿ{KaOm`dogy§ J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`(ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
~Z Om`dogy§, MŸ=ŸAmoa hmo`ŸOmdog§y, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo
åboÀN>mH«$mÝVofwŸ=ŸåboÀN>Z²Ho$ Ûmam H¥$îUŸ=ŸH¥$îU, EdŸ=Ÿhr ^mdmW© : J“m{XH$ CÎm_ VrW©hþ Xwï>Z²gm| Amd¥Îm hmo` Jò h|. Vmgy§ {dZH$mo
H¥$îUml`…Ÿ H¥$îUml`…Ÿ
299 300
Am{YX¡{dH$ ñdê$n {Vamo{hV ^`mo ho. Ego g_`_| lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hmo. bm^nyOmW©`ËZofwŸ=Ÿbm^ŸAmoaŸgÝ_mZHo$ H¥$îUŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU, EdŸ=Ÿhr
AW© `ËZ H$adodmao hmo` Omdogy§ J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`(ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
Q>rH$m : BVZo, VrW©_| loð> Omo J“m{XH$ h| gmo Xwï>Z²gm| Amd¥Îm ^ò h|. Vmgy§
VrW©Z²gy§ nwê$fmW©H$s {g{Õ hmo` Ego Zmht ho. ^mdmW© : npÊS>V bmoJ Ah‘>magm| {deof _yT> ^ò h|, nmnr nwê$fZ²H$m| AZwgardodmao
^ò h| Amoa bm^nyOmHo$ AW©hr {dZH$mo `ËZ ho. Vm_| lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hm|.
~«m÷Um{XH$hþ VrW©Z²_| aho h| V~ VrW© Xwï>Z²H$[aHo$hr Amd¥Îm ^ò h| Eg| Š`m|
H$hmo hmoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vmo VmH$mo g_mYmZ Egmo ho Omo {dZ (Ÿ~«m÷Um{XH$Z²Ÿ)Hw§$ Q>rH$m : BVZo npÊS>V bmoJ ""h_ emó OmZ| h|'' Ego A{^_mZgy§ XygaoHw§$ nyN>Vhþ
A{V n[aM` hmo`dogy§ VrW©Z²_| AmXa Zmht aho ho. Vmgy§ dm_| ^pŠV Zmht hmo` ho. Zmht h|. Amoa _`mdmXm{XH$Z²Ho$ A{^{Zdoegy§ {deofH$[aHo$ _y‹T> ^ò h|. Vog| hr
Amoa dhm§ XmZm{XH$ bodoHo${bòhr {dZH$s pñW{V ho. Vmgm| {dZH$mohþ Xwï>nZmo ho. ñd`§Hw$ bm^ hmo` AWdm AnZr à{Vð>m ~T>o Vmo AnZmo gËH$ma hmo` Ego
Š`m| Omo ""lÕma{hV, nmnmË_m, ZmpñVH$, {OZHw§$ g§e` {Zd¥Îm Zmht ^`mo ho Amoa ñdmW©Ho${bòhr `ËZ H$aV h|; AWm©V² nma_m{W©H$ H$_©hþ bm^-nyOmW©hr H$aV h|.
dm_| VrW©nZoH$mo H$maU emo{Ydodmamo hmo` {dZHw§$ VrW©H$mo \$b Zmht {_bo ho'' Eg| Amoa nmnrnwê$f AWdm nmnHw§$hr AZwgardodmao ^ò h|. Vmgy§ lrH¥$îUhr _oar
dm`wnwamU_| H$ømo ho. lÕma{hV ZmpñVH$ hm|` do `{X VrW©_| hþ ahVo hm|` Vmohþ J{VŸhm|Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
{dZH$mo Xwï>nZmo Zmht {_Q>o ho. Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo VrW©_| Vmo g~ XmofZ²Hw§$ {Zd¥Îm
H$[adoH$s epŠV hmo` ho Vmgy§ Oog| Ap½Z Omo dmHo$ g§gJ©_| Amdo dm g~H$mo Xmh
_ÝÌgy§ \$b{g{Õ hmo` ho Ego _ÝÌemó_| {b»`mo ho. V~, Aml` H$[aHo$
H$ao ho Vog| VrW©H$s epŠVgy§hr Xwï>nZmo Š`m| Zmht {_Q>o hoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo
H$hm H$V©ì` hoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ _ÝÌZ²H$mo AgmYH$nZmo H${hHo$ Aml`H$s
XodVmê$n VrW©H$mo Am{YX¡{dH$ñdê$n {Vamo{hV hmo` J`mo ho gmo gËnwê$fZ²Ho$
àmW©Zm H$aV h|Ÿ:
à{Vhr àH$Q> hmo` ho, Xwï>nwê$fZ²Ho$ à{V VrW©H$mo Am{YX¡{dH$ ñdê$n {Vamo{hV hr
ahV ho. Vmgy§ lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hm|.
An[a-kmZ-Zï>o f w _ÝÌo î dd« V -`mo { Jfw Ÿ &
Y_© H$[adodmao H$Vm© `{X g_rMrZ (ŸAmN>oŸ) hm|` Vmo gd© \$bH$s {g{Õ {Vamo { hVmW© - Xo d o f w H¥ $ îUEd J{Va² __Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
hmoV ho V~ Aml` H$[aHo$ H$hm H$V©ì` hoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$Vm©H$mo
AgmYH$nZmo ~Vm`Ho$ Aml`H$s àmW©Zm H$aV h|Ÿ: _ÝÌofŸw =Ÿ_ÝÌ {Vamo{hVmW©XodofwŸ=ŸAW© Amoa-XodVm
An[akmZZï>ofwŸ=ŸAnyU© kmZHo$ {Vamo{hV hmoÒmdogy§,Ÿ__Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo
Ah‘>ma-{d_y T >o f w gËgw nmnmZw d {V© f w Ÿ & H$maU Zï> hmoÒmdogy§ H¥$îUŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU,ŸEdŸ=Ÿhr
bm^-ny O mW© - `ËZo f w H¥ $ îUEd J{Va² __Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& Ad«V`mo{JfwŸ=Ÿd«V{Z`_ŸZhtŸAZwg[adogy§ J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`(ApñVŸ=Ÿho)
gËgwŸ=ŸgV²nwéf| ^mdmW© : _ÝÌH$mo n[akmZ Zmht hmo`dogy§, d«Vm{XH$Z²H$mo `moJ Zmht hmo`dogy§ Amoa
Ah‘>ma-{d_yT>ofwŸ=ŸAh‘>magy§ nmnmZwd{V©fwŸ=ŸnmnH$mo AZwgaU AW© VWm XodVm {Vamo{hV hmo`dogy§ _ÝÌ Zï>àm`: ^ò h|. Ego g_`_| lrH¥$îUhr
{deofH$aHo$ _yT> hmoÒmdogy§ H$[adodmaoŸhmo`ŸOmdogy§, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo _oar J{V hm|.
301 302
AWm©V² H$moB© H$ho ho Ho$ H$_© Eg| H$amo Vmo Xygamo Xygar ar{Vgy§ ~Vmdo ho. Vog| hr
Q>rH$m : BVZo, d¡{XH$ VWm VÝÌmoŠV _ÝÌH$mo VmËn`©, \$b AmoaŸXodVmŸHo$ ñdê$nH$mo d«Vm{XH$Z²_|hþ EH$Zo d«V ~Vm`mo Vmo Xygamo dmH$s B©î`m© H$[aHo$ Xygar ar{Vgy§ ~Vmdo
kmZ Zmht hmo`dogy§ _ÝÌ Zï>àm`: hmo` Jò h|. JwéHw$b_| dmg H$ao, ~«÷M`m©{XH$ ho. \o$[a nañna dmX H$ao h|. Vm_| H$moZ gË` ~Vmdo ho Amoa H$moZ AgË` ~Vmdo
d«V amIo, eyÐH$s gpÝZ{Y_| AÜ``Z Z H$ao BË`m{XH$ {Z`_Z²gy§ d¡{XH$_ÝÌHw§$ nT>o ho gmo Ak bmoJ OmZ Zmht gHo$ h|. Vmgy§ g~ H$_© VWm d«Vm{XH$ Zï> hmo` Jò
V~ _ÝÌ \$bgmYH$ hmo`. gmo {Z`_ A~ aho Zmht h| Vmgy§ \$bgmYH$ Zmht h|. h|.
Amoa VÝÌmoŠV _ÝÌHo$ VmËn`©H$mo kmZ Zht hmo`dogy§ {dZHo$ AW© VWm XodVm H$mo
{Vamo^md hmo` J`mo ho. Vmgy§ _ÝÌ \$bgmYH$ Zht aho h|. Amoa ^JdXml`_| Vmo _m`mdmXr H$ho h| Omo gJamo ànÄM {_Ï`m ho. AnZo AkmZgy§ H$pënV ho.
""`ñ` ñ_¥Ë`m M Zm_moŠË`m Vnmo`k{H«$`m{Xfw, gdª gånyU©Vm§ `m{V gÚmo dÝXo ànÄM_| aho ^ò hmo`dogy§ doXhþ ì`dhma_mÌ_| à_mU h|Ÿ-Eg| _m`mdmXrZ²H$mo dmX
V_À`wV_²'' BË`m{X dmŠ`Z²H$[aHo$ Ý`yZ hmo` gmohþ g~ nyU© hmo` ho. Vmgy§ ho.
lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hm|Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
~«÷mXrH$Z²Hw§$hþ `kgm|hr ~S>ßnZ àmßV ^`mo ho. nyd©H$s dmgZmgy§ CÎmamoÎma
_r_m§gm{XH$ (Ÿ{dMmaŸ)emógm| _ÝÌZ²Ho$ VmËn`©H$mo {ZYm©a hmo` gHo$ ho Vmgy§ àd¥{Îm hmoVrOm` ho Vmgm| H$_©hr H$V©ì` ho. \$bhþ H$_©gy§ hr {_bo ho. \$bH$mo
H$_©Z²gm|hr \$bH$s {g{Õ hmo`Jr, Aml`H$[aHo$ H$hm H$aZmo hoŸ? Egr e‘>m Xododmamo CnmgZm H$[ado`mo½` MoVZê$n H$moC XodVm Zmht ho, {H$ÝVw _ÝÌ_`hr
H$[aHo$ H$_©hþ \$bgmYH$ Zmht aho h| Egmo ~Vm`Ho$ Aml`H$s àmW©Zm H$aV h|Ÿ: XodVm ho Eg| _r_m§gH$Z²H$mo dmX ho.
ZmZm-dmX-{dZï>o f w gd© - H$_© - d« V m{Xfw Ÿ & fmoS>e nXmW©Z²Ho$ kmZ ^ò nrN>| ldU, _ZZ VWm {Z{XÜ`mgZ H$[aHo$
nmfÊS>¡ H $-à`ËZo f w H¥ $ îUEd J{V_© _ Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& AnZo AmË_mH$mo gmjmËH$ma ^ò Xw…I Zht hmo` ho, òhr \$b ho Eg| Z¡`m{`H$Z²H$mo
dmX ho.
gd©H$_©d«Vm{XfwŸ=ŸH$_©, d«V Am{X g^r
ZmZmdmX{dZï>ofwŸ=Ÿ{d{dY àH$maHo$ dmXZ²gm| Zï> hmoÒm`dogy§ Amoa àH¥${V VWm dmHo$ {dH$ma H$mo b` hmo` V~ nwê$f-M¡VÝ`H$mo AnZo
nmfÊS>¡H$à`ËZofwŸ=ŸHo$db nmfÊS>Ho$ AW© hr à`ËZerb hmoÒm`dogy§ ñdê$ngm| ahZmo òhr \$b ho, H$moC Xod goì` Zmht ho Egmo gm§»`Z²H$mo dmX ho.
__Ÿ=Ÿ_amo, H¥$îUŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU EdŸ=Ÿhr, J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`(ApñVŸ=Ÿho)
Ego àH$maHo$ {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ dmXZ²gm| H$_© VWm d«V Zï> hmo` Jò h|.
dñVwVmgy§ Vmo g~ OJV² Omo XrIdo_| Amdo ho gmo ^JdÐynhr ho. ^JdmZ² g~Z²Hw§$
^mdmW© : gd© H$_© Amoa d«Vm{XH$ {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ àH$maHo$ dmXgm| {dZï> ^ò h|.
AnZo de_| amIV h|. ^JdmZ²gy§hr g~Z²H$s CËn{Îm, pñW{V Amoa b` hmoV ho.
Amoa àm`: dmXZ²H$mo nmfÊS>Ho${bòhr _w»` `ËZ ho Ego g_`_| lrH¥$îUhr _oar
Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²hr goì` h|. ""Xod Agwa _Zwî` `j Amoa JÝYd© Omo H$moC ^JdmZ²Ho$
J{V hm|.
MaUH$mo ÔZ H$aV h| gmo H$ë`mUH$mo àmßV hmoVo h|'' Egmo lr^mJdVOrH$mo
dmŠ` ho. Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²hr goì` h|. ànÄM g~ ^JdÐyn ho, ^JdmZ²H$mo gm`wÁ`m{XH$
Q>rH$m : BVZo gmo_`mJm{XH$ H$_© Amoa d«Vm{XH$Z² _| {^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ dmX ^ò h|. hmo` gmohr \$b ho BË`m{XH$ emóà{Vnm{XV AW©gy§ Cna H$ho g~ dmX {dê$Õ
303 304
h|. VWm{n AnZoŸ-ŸAnZo _VHo$ AmJ«hgy§ emó{dnarV H$_© Amoa Xeå`m{XH$Ho$ km{nVm@{Ib-_mhmËå`… H¥ $ îUEd J{Va² __Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
doYdmar EH$mXer à^¥{VH$mo d«V H$ao h| Vmgy§ H$_© Amoa d«V Zï> hmo` Jò h|.
AOm{_bm{X-XmofmUm§Ÿ=ŸAOm{_b Am{XH$Z²Ho$
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo Egmo H$[adodmao Amn H$a| h| Amoa XygaoZ²Hw§$hþ ~moY H$aV XmofZ²H$mo, ZmeH$…Ÿ=ŸZme H$[adodmao
h|. gmo do bmoJ `{X dm_| {_Ï`mnZmo, {Zî\$bnZmo VWm emó{dê$ÕnZmo OmZVo hm|` AZw^doŸ=ŸAZw^d_|, pñWV:Ÿ=Ÿaho ^ò H¥$îUŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU
Vmo Amn Š`m| H$aVo hmo`|JoŸ? VWm AmoaZ²Hw§$ ~moY Ho$g| H$aVo hmo`|JoŸ? Š`m| Omo do
km{nVm{Ib-_mhmËå`…Ÿ=Ÿ{OZZo gd©- EdŸ=Ÿhr, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo
_Vhþ e‘>amMm`©, O¡{_{Z, Jm¡Îm_ Am{XH$ npÊS>VZ²Z| hr àd¥Îm {H$ò h| Egr e‘>m
hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo nmIÊS>Ho$ {Z{_Îmhr {dZH$mo _w»` à`ËZ ho. gmo nÙnwamU _mhmËå` {XIm`mo ho Ego J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`(ApñVŸ=Ÿh|)
VWm dmamhnwamU _| H$ømo ho Omo lr^JdmZ²Z| _hmXodOrHw§$ _mohemó H$[adoH$s
Amkm H$ar ho. ^mdmW© : AOm{_bm{XH$Z²Ho$ XmofZ²H$mo Zme H$[adodmao à^w AZw^d_| aho h|. Amoa
{OZZo AnZmo g_J« _mhmËå` OVm`mo ho gmo lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hm|.
Eg| hr ^JdmZ²Z| _hmXodOrH$s AmamYZm H$[aH|$, Amn {dZH$s nmggy§ da
_m§{JHo$ OJV_| _hmXodOr H$s AmamYZmH$s _hÎmmH$s d¥{Õ {H$ò h|. gmo Xo{IHo$ Q>rH$m : BVZo, doX_| {b»`mo ho Ho$ ""àdMZm{XH$gm| à^w àmß` Zmht ho naÝVw
bmoH$ ^«{_V hmo` Om` h|, naÝVw Ego Zmht OmZo h| Omo H$moC _mJ© Xodm{XH$Z²Zo àd¥Îm {OZH$mo daU(ŸñdrH$maŸ) à^w H$aV h| {dZHw§$hr àmß` hmo` h|''. Amoa JrVmOr_|
{H$`mo hmo`dogy§ gÝ_mJ© Zmht hmoV ho {H$ÝVw doXm{XH$Z²gy§ {dê$Õ Z hmo` Amoa AZÝ` ^pŠVgy§ à^w àmßV hmo`doH$mo {b»`mo ho. Vmgy§ à^yZ²Ûmam A“rH$ma hmo`Jmo
doXmZwgmar hmo` Vmo hr gÝ_mJ© H$hdmdo ho. ò A{^àm`Hw§$ gmYmaU bmoJ Zmht Amoa ^JdX²^ŠVH$mo AZwJ«h hmo`Jmo Vmo XmofdmaoHw§$hþ ^pŠVgm| à^w Jå` h|.
OmZV h| Amoa Xodm{XH$Z²H$s àd¥{Îmgy§ Amnhr _mo{hV hmo`Ho$ àd¥Îm hmo` h|. `{X _hmnwéfÛmam eaUmJ{V hmo`Jr Vmo g~ {gÕ hmo`Jmo. Oog| AOm{_bZo {dîUwHo$
Xodm{XH$Z²gy§ àd{V©V hmo`dogy hr H$moB© _mJ© gÝ_mJ© hmoVmo hmo` V~ Vmo ~¥hñn{VÛmam nmf©XZ²H$mo dmŠ` gwÝ`mo V~ àW_ Omo H¥$Ë` {H$ò hVo VmH$mo níMmVmn H$[aHo$
àd{V©V H$m¡b_mJ© VWm ~wÕmdVmaÛmam àd{V©V ~m¡Õ_V hþ gÝ_mJ© H$hdmdoJmoŸ! J“mÛma_| Om`Ho$ ^JdX²^pŠV H$ar. VmH$[aHo$ dmHo$ g~ nmnZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo`Ho$
n[a do _mJ© Vmo gÝ_mJ© Zmht H$hdmdo h| Egr g~Z²H$s g_O ho. gmo Ego g_`_| CÎm_ J{V ^`r. ò Ho$db nwÌHo$ CnMmagy§ "ZmamÙ'Zm_H$mo J«hUH$[ado_| ^JdmZ²H$o
lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hmoŸ&&6Ÿ&& nmf©XH$mo ^JdÕ_©ê$n dmŠ` gw{ZdoH$mo g_` AOm{_bHw§$ àmßV ^`mo VmH$mo \$b
{_ë`mo Vmo ~w{Õnyd©H$ eaUmJ{V H$[adodmaoZ²Ho$ g~ nmnZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo`d_| H$hm
""Y_©gm| nmn {_Q>o ho'' ""Y_©_| g~ H$Nw> aømo ho'' Eg| lw{V_| H$ømo ho. g§e` hoŸ! Vmgy§, Xmof àmßV ^`mo hmo` Vmohþ Ho$db ^JdmZ²H$mohr Aml` H$aZmo,
Vmgy§ àW_ Vmo Xmof Xya hm|` dmHo${bò Y_©H$mo AmMaU H$aZmo. VmH$[aHo$ {MÎm naÝVw Aml`Hw§$ N>mo{S>Ho$ Amoa H$Nw> Zmht H$aZmoŸ&&7Ÿ&&
ewÕ hmo` V~ ^JdmZ²H$mo _mhmËå` VWm ñdê$nH$mo kmZ hmo` V~ Aml`m{XH$
H$aZo. {MÎm_| Xmof hmo` V~ Vm§B© Aml` Zmht H$aZmo. Š`m| Omo `moJrZ²Hw§$ Ü`mZ ""ñdmÜ`m`H$mo AÜ``Z H$aZmo'', ""Omo-Omo H¥$VwH$mo AÜ``Z H$ao VmH$mo
H$[ado`mo½` à^w H$hm§ Amoa Xwï> Ord H$hm§Ÿ! Egr Ame‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: \$b dmHw§$ àmßV hmo`'' BË`m{XH$ doXHo$ dmŠ` h|. VmH$[aHo$ H$_©_mJ©_|hþ ~«÷`k
Amoa AÜ``Zm{XH$Z² gy§ A½³`m{XH$Z²H$s gm`wÁ`àmpßV hmo` ho. Amoa ~«÷kmZH$[aHo$
AOm{_bm{X-Xmo f mUm§ ZmeH$mo @ Zw ^ do pñWV…Ÿ&& Aja~«÷Ho$ g“ gm`wÁ` hmo`doH$mo lrJrVmOr_|hþ {b»`mo ho. V~, lrH¥$îUHo$
Aml`_| {deof H$hm ho Omo dmH$shr àmW©Zm H$aV hmoŸ? Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò
305 306
dmHo$ VmaVå`kmZmW© gd©ñdê$n ^JdmZ²hr h| Ego ñdê$nHo$ {Zê$nUnydH© $ AW©ê$nnZog§y AënnZmo hmo`dogy§ H$Nw> Cn`moJr àVrV Zht hmo` ho. Amoa lrH¥$îU Vmo Oog| nyU©
Aml`H$s àmW©Zm H$aV h|Ÿ: AmZÝXê$n h| Vog| {ZJw©U_wpŠVHw§$hþ Xo`dodmao h| Vmgy§ {dZH$shr eaU^mdZm
H$aZrŸ&&8Ÿ&&
àmH¥ $ Vm… gH$bm Xo d m J{UVmZÝXH§ $ ~¥ h V² Ÿ &
ny U m© Z ÝXmo h[ag² Vñ_mV² H¥ $ îUEd J{Va² __Ÿ&&8Ÿ&& {ddoH$ Amoa Y¡`© gy§ a{hHo$ ^pŠV H$[ado_| ^JdmZhþ de hmoV h| V~
X¡Ý`H$[aHo$ Aml`H$s àmW©Zm Š`m| H$aV hmoŸ? Egr e‘>m H$[aHo$, ^JdmZ²
gd©_ZmoaWHo$ nyaH$ h| Amoa gd©\$bHo${bò BpÀN>V h| Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²H$mo BpÀN>Vê$nnZmo
gH$bmŸ=Ÿg^r, Xodm…Ÿ=ŸXodVmE§ J{UVmZÝXH§$Ÿ=ŸJ{UVmZÝX Oogmo
ho Eg| ^JdmZ²H$mo H$m_ê$nnZmo H$hVo ^ò Aml`H$s àmW©Zm H$aV h|Ÿ:
àmH¥$Vm…Ÿ=ŸàmH¥$V,(ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ) (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU
~¥hV²Ÿ=ŸAja~«÷ nyUm©ZÝX…Ÿ=ŸnyU© AmZÝX(ŸApñVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ)
{ddo H $-Y¡ ` © - ^ŠË`m{X-a{hVñ` {deo f V…Ÿ&
(ŸAV…Ÿ=Ÿ`m{bòŸ)H¥$îUEdŸ=ŸH¥$îUŸhr, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo, J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`Ÿ
nmnmgŠVñ` XrZñ` H¥ $ îUEd J{Va² __Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
(ApñVŸ=Ÿh|)
{ddoH$-Y¡`©-^ŠË`m{X-a{hVñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{ddoH$Ÿ-XrZñ`Ÿ=ŸXrZ
^mdmW© : g~ Xod àmH¥$V h| VWm Aja~«÷Ho$ AmZÝXH$shþ JUZm hmo` ho. Amoa
Y¡`©Ÿ-Ÿ^pŠV Am{Xgy§ a{hV __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo
h[a nyUm©ZÝX h| Vmgy§ lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V hm|.
{deofV…Ÿ=Ÿ{deof H$aHo$ H¥$îUŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU, EdŸ=Ÿhr
nmnmgŠVñ`Ÿ=Ÿnmn_| AmgŠV J{V…Ÿ=ŸAml`(ŸApñVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ)
Q>rH$m : BVZo, g~ Xod gmpËdH$ Ah‘>magy§ CËnÝZ ^ò h| Vmgm| àmH¥$V H$ho Om`
h|. Amoa V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²_| AmZÝXH$s JUZmHo$ àg“_| ""g_J« n¥Ïdr Ðì`gy§ nyU©
hmo` gmo _Zwî`H$mo EH$ AmZÝX ho. Ego _Zwî`Ho$ EH$gmo AmZÝXH$mo _Zwî`JÝYd©Z²H$mo ^mdmW© : {ddoH$ Y¡`© Amoa ^ŠV`m{X gm| a{hV, {deofH$[aHo$ nmn_| AmgŠV
EH$ AmZÝX hmo` ho'' `m ar{Vgy§ eVJw{UV AmZÝXH$s JUZm H$ar ho. Vhm§ Amoa XrZ Egmo Omo _| VmHw§$ lrH¥$îUhr J{Vê$n hm|.
~«÷mOrHo$ EH$gmo AmZÝX hmo` ho V~ Aja~«÷H$mo EH$ AmZÝX hmo` ho Ego
Aja~«÷Ho$ AmZÝXH$s JUZm H$ar ho. Vmgy§ Aja~«÷ J{UVmZÝX H$ømo Om` ho. Q>rH$m : BVZo, àW_ Omo {Zê$nU {H$`mo gmo à^wHo$ ñdê$nH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ {H$`mo
Amoa ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw…IhVm© lrH¥$îU h| gmo Vmo nyUm©ZÝX h|. Vmgy§ lrH¥$îUhr _oar J{V ho. A~ OrdHo$ ñdê$nH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ H$hV h| Omo ^JdmZ² AnZr BÀN>mgy§ g~
hm|. H$a|J| Eg| Om{ZHo$ àmW©Zm Zmht H$aZr Egmo {ZíM` hmo` gmo "{ddoH$' H$ømo Om`
ho. VWm ^pŠV{damo{Y Omo Xw…I hm|` VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmH$mo Cnm` Zmht H$[aHo$
Xodm{XH$Z²Ho$ gm`wÁ`_|hþ Xod àmH¥$V hmo`dogy§ {dZH$s _wpŠVHw§$ gJwUnZmo ho. Am{Y^m¡{VH$, AmÜ`mpË_H$ Amoa Am{YX¡{dH$ Ego VrÝ`m| àH$maHo$ Xw…IH$m| ghZ
Amoa ~«÷bmoH$ n`©ÝVHw§$ \o$[a g§gma_| Am`doH$mo JrVmOr_| {b»`mo ho Vmgy§ H$aZmo gmo "Y¡`©' H$ømo Om` ho. Amoa gmYZê$n ^pŠV ldUm{XH$ H${h Om` ho.
AënmZÝXnZmo ho. Vog| kmZ_mJ©_| Aja~«÷Ho$ g“ gm`wÁ` hmo` ho Vm_| J{UVmZÝX _yb_| "Am{X' nX ho Vmgy§ nwÊ` hþ g_OZmo. gmo _oao nmg H$Nw> Zmht h|, Vog| {dZHo$
hmo`dog§y ~hmoV jw{YVHw$§ Aën ^moOZ hmo` gmo A^moOZVwë` hmo` ho Vog| Ajagm`wÁ`H$mo gmYZhþ _oao_| Zmht ho. nmn_| AmgŠV hþ§ AWm©V², {dnarV gmYZ H$ê§$ hþ§. Amoa
307 308
XrZ (ŸX[aÐŸ) hþ§. Egmo Omo _| hþ§ VmHw§$ lrH¥$îUhr J{Vê$n hm|. Aml_Z²_| VWm H$_m©{XH$Z²_| hþ g~ AW©Ho$ H$[adodmao lrH¥$îUhr h|. gmo {dZHo$
`hm§ ""_oao_| {ddoH$-Y¡`m©{XH$ Zht h|'' Amoa ""_| nmn_| AmgŠV hþ§'' eaU Omo Ord Amò hm|` {dZHw§$ \$bXmZ H$a|Jo. Š`m| Omo ""Omo Om ar{Vgy§ _o[a
BË`m{XH$ Omo dmŠ` H$ho h| gmo dmŠ` H${hdodmao lrAmMm`©MaU h|. {dZH$m| Ego eaU Amdo ho VmHw§$ dmhr ar{Vgy§ _| ÔVhþ§'' Egr JrVmOr_| AmnH$s à{Vkm ho.
{deofU `mo½` Zmht h| Egr e‘>m _Z_| hmo` VmH$mo g_mYmZ Eg| H$aZmo Omo doX_| Vmgy§ eaUmJ{VH$s _`m©Xm hr Egr ho Omo eaU Am`mo hmo` VmH$s g~ Vahgy§ ajm
""_| hmW Omo{‹S>Ho$ JwéH$s eaU OmC§ hþ§'' ""_| Z_Z H$ê§$ hþ§'' ""_oamo H$ë`mU à^w H$aVhr h|. Vmgy§ XrZ^mdgm| eaUmJ{V hr H$aZrŸ&&10Ÿ&&
hmo`'' BË`m{XH$ dmŠ`Z² Ò_mZHo$ A{YH$magm| H$ho Om` h| Vog| `hm§
lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Z| ^ŠVZ²H$o A{YH$magm| Cn`©Šw V dmŠ` H$ho h| Ego g_OZmoŸ&&9Ÿ&& ""newHo$ Xe àmU h|, AmË_m ½`mah_r ho'' Ego lw{V _| H$ømo ho. Vmgy§
àmUZH$sgrZm§B© Cna H$ho g~ íbmoH$ g~ {gÕ H$[adodmao h| Eg| OVm`doHo${bò
gd©Wm Omo gmYZa{hV hm|` {VZHw§$ eaUmJ{V_|hþ BpÀN>V \$bH$s {g{Õ Xe íbmoH$gm| ñVmoÌH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ AmË_mH$sgr Zm§B© \$b Ajæ` ho Eg|
Ho$g| hmo`JrŸ? Š`m| Omo ^JdmZ² Vmo OrdH$s H¥${VHo$ AZwgma \$b XoV h|. g~ OVm`doHo${bò AmË_ê$n ½`mah_| íbmoH$gm| ñVmoÌnmR>H$mo \$b H$hV h|Ÿ:
gmYZ N>mo{‹S>do_| XodVmÝVaH$mohþ AZmXa hmo`dogy§ XodVmhþ {d¿Z H$a|Jo Egr Ame‘>m
H$[aHo$ eaUmJ{V_| _mojê$nnZmo ho Eg| {gÕH$[adoHo${bò {dkmnZ H$aV h|Ÿ: H¥ $ îUml`_² BX§ ñVmo Ì § `… nR>o V ² H¥ $ îUgpÝZYm¡ Ÿ &&
Vñ`ml`mo ^do V ² H¥ $ îU: B{V lrdëb^mo @ ~« d rV² Ÿ &&11Ÿ&&
gd© - gm_mÏ`© - g{hV… gd© Ì ¡ d m{IbmW© H ¥ $ V² Ÿ &&
eaUñW-g_w Õ ma§ H¥ $ îU§ {dkmn`må`h_² Ÿ &&10Ÿ&& Ÿ&&ŸB{V lrdëb^mMm`©{da{MV_² H¥$îUml`ñVmoÌ_² gånyU©_²Ÿ&&
(Ÿ`…Ÿ=ŸOmoŸ)gd©gm_Ï`©g{hV…Ÿ=Ÿ eaUñW-g_wÕma§Ÿ=ŸeaU_| AmòH$mo `…Ÿ=ŸOmo, BX§Ÿ=Ÿ`m nR>oV²Ÿ=Ÿn‹T>oJmo, Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo

gd© gm_Ï`©dmao(ŸMŸ=ŸAmoaŸ) CÕma H$[adodmao(ŸV§Ÿ=ŸCZ²Ÿ) H¥$îUml`§Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUml` H¥$îU…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU
gd©ÌŸ=Ÿg~ OJo, EdŸ=Ÿhr H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHw§$, Ah§Ÿ=Ÿ_| ñVmoÌ§Ÿ=ŸñVmoÌHw$ Aml`…Ÿ=ŸAml`
A{IbmW©H¥$V²Ÿ=Ÿg~ H$Nw> H$adodmao {dkmn`m{_Ÿ=ŸàmW©Zm H$ê§$ hþ§ H¥$îUgpÝZYm¡Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ nmg_| ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Jmo, B{VŸ=Ÿò
lrdëb^…Ÿ=Ÿlr_hmà^wOrZo A~«drV²Ÿ=ŸH$ømo
^mdmW© : lrH¥$îU gd©gm_Ï`©`wŠV h| Amoa gd©Ì g_J« AW©Ho$ H$[adodmao h|. Vmgy§
eaU Amò Ego OrdZ²H$mo CÕma H$[adoHo${bò _| lrH¥$îUH$s {~Z{V H$aV hm|. ^mdmW© : `h H¥$îUml`ñVmoÌ lrH¥$îUH$s gpÝZ{Y_| Omo nT>o VmHw§$ Aml`ê$n
lrH¥$îU hm|` Eg| lrdëb^mMm`©OrZo H$ømo ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo, à^w gd©gm_Ï`© g{hV h|. Vmgy§ AmnHo$ gm_Ï`©gy§hr g~ H$a gHo$
h|. gmo `{X _`m©Xm am{IdoH$s BÀN>m hmo`Jr Vmo kmZm{XH$Z²H$mo XmZ H$[aHo$hþ \$b Q>rH$m : BVZo, lrH¥$îUHo$ Aml`H$mo `WmW© {Zê$nU H$[adodmamo òhr ñVmoÌ ho,
Xo`J|. AWdm gd©gm_Ï`© Om_| h| Ego gwXe©Zm{XH$ g{hV lrH¥$îU h|. Vmgy§ Xygamo Egmo ñVmoÌ Zmht ho. Vmgy§ `mHo$ nmR>gy§hr Aml` ÑT> hmo` ho. lrH¥$îUH$s
gwXe©Zm{XH$gm|hþ ^ŠVZ²H$mo A{Zï> {Zd¥Îm H$a| h|. Amoa g~ XoeZ²_|, dU©Z²_|, gpÝZ{Y_| nmR> H$ao AWdm lrH¥$îUHo$ {Z{_Îm nmR> H$ao Vmohþ Aml` ÑT> hmo`.
309 310
&&ŸMVw…íbmoH$s…Ÿ&&
Ho$db ñVmoÌHo$ nmR>_mÌgy§ Egmo \$b Ho$g| hmo`Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo` VmH$mo (15)
g_mYmZ Eg| ho Omo ZbHy$~a VWm _{UJ«rd ZmaXOrHo$ emnV| `_bmOw©Z ^ò V~
bmoH$_| Y_©, AW©, H$m_ Amoa _moj Eg| Mma nwéfmW© H$ho Jò h|. gmo ò
lrZmaXOrZ| XodVmZ²Ho$ gmodf© nrN>| lrH¥$îUH$mo gmpÝZÜ` hmo`doH$mo H$ømo hVmo. gmo
nwéfmW© nyOm_mJ©Ho$ AZwgma ñ_¥{V_| H$ho gmYZZ²gy§ àmßV hmo` h|. Vhm§ ñ_¥VrZ²_|
dmŠ` {gÕ H$[adoHo${bò lrH¥$îU Amnw dhm§ nYm[aHo$ ZbHy$~aŸ-Ÿ_{UJ«rdH$mo
Ego H$ømo J`mo ho Ho$ ~«m÷UXohHo$ {dZm _wpŠV Zmqh hmo` ho. Vm_| hþ ~wX²Ü`m{XH$Z²H$s
CÕma {H$`mo. V~ lrAmMm`©Or gmjmV² AmnHo$ _wIma{dÝXñdê$n h|, AmnHo$
ew{Õnyd©H$ gm“monm“ gmYZZ²H$mo {Zdm©h hmo` V~ _wpŠV hmoV ho. gmo _wpŠVhþ
ñdê$nHw§$ `WmW© Om{Zdodmao h| Amoa X¡drOrdZ²Ho$ CÕmamW© AmnwZo àH$Q> {H$ò h|
AjaH$s àmpßVê$n hmo` ho. gmohþ Šd{MV² hmo` ho. gwgmYZ OrdZ²H$s hþ `{X Egr
{dZHo$ dMZgy§ Vmo Amn AZwJ«h H$a|hrJ| ò OVm`doHo${bò _yb_| AmnH$mo Zm_
Xem hmo` V~ {Z…gmYZZ²H$mo OÝ_ Vmo d¥Wm{h hmo`Ÿ! gmo Egmo Z hmo` VmHo${bò
Y`m} ho. Vmgm| Vm_| g§e` Zmht amIZmoŸ&&12Ÿ&&
lrà^yZ²Zo AnZo lr_wIê$n dmUrHo$ n{V lr_hmà^yZ²H$m| ^yVbno àH$Q> {H$ò. {dZ²
lr_hmà^yZ²Zo nw{ï>_mJuÒrdZ²H$m| ñd{gÕmÝV OVm`doHo${bò "MVw…íbmoH$s' Zm_H$
Ÿ&& B{V lr_X²dëb^mMm`©{da{MV lrH¥$îUml`ñVmoÌH$s J«ÝWH$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho; Omgy§ _`m©Xm_mJu` Y_©, AW©, H$m_ Amoa _moj gy§ OwXo
d«O^mfm_| g§{jßVQ>rH$m nw{ï>_mJu` Y_©, AW©, H$m_ Amoa _moj H$mo ~oJr ~moY hmo` ho. Vm_| MmaíbmoH$Z²gy§
Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbOr_hmamO H¥$V gånyU© ^B© Ÿ&& Mm`m] nwéfmW©Z²H$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. Vm_| àW_íbmoH$gy§ Y_m©MaUê$n n{hbo
nwéfmW©H$mo {Zê$nU AZwïw>n² N>ÝXgm| H$aV h|Ÿ:
gd© X m gd© ^ mdo Z ÔZr`mo d« O m{Yn…Ÿ&

ñdñ`m`@_o d Y_m} {h ZmÝ`… Šdm{n H$XmMZŸ&&1Ÿ&&
gd©XmŸ=ŸgXm ñdñ`Ÿ=ŸAnZmo, A`§Ÿ=Ÿò, EdŸ=Ÿhr,

Ÿ gd©^mdoZŸ=Ÿg^r ^mdZ²gy§ Y_©…Ÿ=ŸY_© ho, ŠdŸ=ŸH$hþ§ hþ
d«Om{Yn…Ÿ=Ÿ~«OHo$ A{Yn{V H$XmMZŸ=ŸH$~hþ, A{nŸ=Ÿ^r,
ÔZr`…Ÿ=ŸÔZH$[adoŸ`mo½`Ÿh| Ÿ AÝ`…Ÿ=ŸXygamo, ZŸ=ŸZmhtŸ(ApñVŸŸ=Ÿho)
^mdmW© : {ZaÝVa gd©^mdH$[aH|$ d«Om{Yn (ŸlrH¥$îUŸ) godZH$[ado `mo½` h|.

nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²H$mo H¥$îUgodZhr Y_© ho, H$moC H$mb_| AWdm H$moC ñWb_| AÝ`
H$moC Y_© Zmqh ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo d«Om{Yn Omo gpÀMXmZÝX lrH¥$îU gmohr nw{ï>_mJu`Z²H$m| godZr`

H¥$îUml`…Ÿ MVw…íbmoH$s…Ÿ
311 312
h|. gmo lr^mJdVHo$ Xe_ñH$ÝYHo$ OÝ_àH$aU{ddaU_| lr_hmà^yZ²Z| Amkm
H$ar ho Omo ""lrJmoHw$b_| {Z…gmYZZ²Hw§$ \$bê$n Ego lrH¥$îU àH$Q>o h| Vmgy§ h_ nyd©íbmoH$_| àW_ Y_©nwéfmW© Omo nw{ï>_mJu`Z²Hw§$ nwéfmoÎm_godZê$n ho VmH$mo
g~ Amoagy§ {ZpíMÝV ^ò h|''. Vmgy§ {Z…gmYZZ²Ho${bòhr ^JdmZ²H$mo àmJQ>ç {Zê$nU H$[aH|$ A~ {ÛVr`íbmoH$gy§ {ÛVr` AW©nwéfmW©H$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
hmo`dogy§ X¡drg¥{ï>_| CËnÝZ ^ò Eg| gmYZ-gån{Îm a{hV Omo Ord h| CZHw§$
lrH¥$îU Adí` godmH$[ado`mo½` h|.
Ed§ gXm ñ_ H$V© ì `§ ñd`_o d H$[aî`{VŸ&
à^w … gd© g _Wm} {h VVmo {ZpíMÝVVm§ d« O o V ² Ÿ &&2Ÿ&&
gmo godm gd©^mdgy§ H$aZr. BVZo Xoh, BpÝÐ`, àmU, ór, nwÌ, YZ Amoa J¥h
Am{X g~ ^JdmZ²Ho$hr h| _oao Zmqh h| Egmo Omo ^md ho gmo AhÝVm-__VmË_H$
g§gmaHw$ {_Q>m`dodmamo ho. Ord_| O~ Egmo ^md Amdo V~ Ord {ZpíMÝV hmo`. gXmŸ=Ÿ{ZË` ñ_Ÿ=Ÿà{gÕ ho, {hŸ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$
gmo Ord ^JdÝ_` Amoa _wŠV H$ømo Om` ho. Ego OrdH$s XemH$mo dU©Z Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ à^w…Ÿ=Ÿñdm_r
"^pŠVd{Y©Zr'_| {H$`mo hoŸ: ""O~ à^yZ²_| ÑT>mgpŠV hmo` V~ J¥h_| pñWV H$V©ì`§Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo M{hò gd©g_W©…Ÿ=Ÿg~ŸH$[adoH$m|Ÿg_W©Ÿh|
(ŸA^JdXr`Ÿ) Omo ór, nwÌ Am{X CZH$mo ~mYH$nZmo Amoa {dZ_| AZmË_nZmo (Ÿh[a…Ÿ=ŸXw:I h[adodmao lrH¥$îUŸ) VV…Ÿ=ŸVmgy§
XrIdo_| Amdo ho. Amoa à^w_| ì`gZ; BVZo à^w {gdm` aømo Z Om` Egr Xem, ñd`§Ÿ=ŸIwX, EdŸ=Ÿhr {ZpíMÝVVm§Ÿ=Ÿ{MÝVm a{hV
O~ hmo` V~ gmo Ord H¥$VmW© hmo` ho''. Vmgy§ gdm©Ë_^md ho gmo X¡drOrdZ²H$mo
H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo d«OVo Ÿ² =Ÿahmo
_w»` Y_© ho. gmo {Z…gmYZZ²Hw§$ Adí` H$[ado`mo½` ho. Eg| ^mdgy§hr g~ H$m`©
{gÕ hmo` ho. gmo lr^mJdV²_| H$ømo ho Omo ""Ho$db ^mdH$[aH|$hr lrJmonrOZ,
Jm`, `_bmOw©Z à^¥{V d¥j, Omå~dmZ à^¥{V _¥J Amoa _yT>~w{Õdmao H$mbr`à^¥{V
gn© hþ {gÕ hmo`H|$ _moH$m| àmßV ^ò h|''. gmo Ego lr^JdmZ²Ho$ dMZgy§{h ^mdmW© : gXm ^JdXr`Z²H$mo H$V©ì` nydm}ŠV àH$maH$mo ho. \$bXmZm{X lrh[aH$mo
gdm©Ë_^mdHw§$ _w»`Y_©nZmo {gÕ hmo` ho. H$V©ì` ho Vmgy§ ñd`§ hr H$a|Jo. Š`m| Omo à^w H$Vw©_²-AH$Vw©_²-AÝ`WmH$Vwª
gd©g_W© h|. Vmgy§ Eo{hH$-nmabm¡{H$H$ _ZmoaWZ²Ho$ {df`_| {ZpíMÝV hmo`Ho$
`hm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo D$na H$ømo Omo Y_© gmo EH$ H$mb AWdm Xoe _| ahZmoŸ&&2Ÿ&&
H$[ado`mo½` Y_© hmo`Jmo Amoa gd©Xm H$[adoH$mo Y_© H$hm dmV| Ý`mamo hmo`JmoŸ? Egr
e‘>m Zmqh hmo`doHo${bò _yb_| "ZmÝ`:' Amoa "H$XmMZ' Ego Xmo` nXH$mo J«hU Q>rH$m : Cna H$øo à_mU ^JdËgodm-ñ_aU {ZaÝVa H$V©ì` ho. Amoa ^ŠVZ²Ho$
H$[aH|$ ò {XIm`mo ho Omo h_Zo H$ømo gmohr Y_© ho Vmgy§ AÝ` H$moC Y_© bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$ H$m`©Z²Hw§$ Vmo Amn gd©gm_Ï`©`wŠV à^w h| Vmgy§ àmW©Zm {H$ò
nw{ï>_mJu`Z²H$mo H$m`© {gÕ H$[adodmamo Zmqh ho. Š`m| Omo _`m©Xm_mJu` Y_© {dZm{h gånmXZ H$a|Jo. Vmgy§ ^JdX²^ŠVHw$ `hbmoH$-nabmoH$H$s MÝVm N>m§{S>Ho$
{d^y{Vn`©dgm`r ho. BVZo _`m©Xm_mJu` gmYZgy§ ^JdmZ²H$s {d^y{VH$s àmpßV {ZpíMÝV ahZmo. ^JdmZ² Amn{h à_o`~bV| ^ŠVHo$ gd© AW©Hw§$ gånmXZ H$aV
hmo` gHo$ naÝVw nwéfmoÎm_H$s àmpßV Z hmo`. Amoa XoeŸ-ŸH$mbHo$ Y_©_|hþ {dn`m©g h|; Vmgy§ nw{ï>_mJu`Z²Hw§$ AW©ê$nhþ à^whr h|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
Xo{Ido_| Amdo ho. Vmgy§ òhr Y_© H$V©ì` ho Egmo _ybHo$ "Šd' eãXgy§ gy{MV hmo`
ho. H$mbmÝVa_|hþ ò Y_© Ë`mÁ` Zmqh ho àË`w` {dYo` ho Eg| _ybHo$ "H$XmMZ'ŸnXgy§ `m àH$ma AW©H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ V¥Vr` íbmoH$gy§ nw{ï>_mJu` H$m_ nwéfmW©H$mo
gy{MV hmo` hoŸ&&1Ÿ&& {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
MVw…íbmoH$s…Ÿ MVw…íbmoH$s…Ÿ
313 314
AV… gdm© Ë _Zm eídX² Jmo H w $ bo í da-nmX`mo … Ÿ&
`{X lrJmo H w $ bmYremo Y¥ V … gdm© Ë _Zm ö{XŸ& ñ_aU§ ÔZ§ Mm@{n Z Ë`mÁ`_² B{V _o _{V…Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
VV… {H$_² Ana§ ~« y { h bm¡ { H$H¡ $ a² d¡ { XH¡ $ a² A{nŸ&&3Ÿ&&
Ÿ&&ŸB{V lrdëb^mMm`©{da{MVm MVw…íbmoH$s gånyUm©Ÿ&&
`{XŸ=ŸOmo bm¡{H$H¡$…Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$g§y
lrJmoHw$bmYre…Ÿ=ŸlrJmoHw$bHo$ amOmHw§$ d¡{XH¡$…Ÿ=Ÿd¡{XH$gy§ AV…Ÿ=ŸVmgy§, eídV²Ÿ=Ÿh_|em ÔZ§Ÿ=ŸgodmH$mo, A{nŸ=Ÿ^r
gdm©Ë_ZmŸ=Ÿg~ Vahg§y A{nŸ=Ÿ^r. Ana§Ÿ=ŸXygamo JmoHw$boídanmX`mo…Ÿ=ŸlrJmoHw$bHo$ ZŸ=ŸZmqh
ö{XŸ=ŸöX`_| (Ÿ\$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$bŸ){H$_²Ÿ=ŸH$hm ñdm_r Ego lrH¥$îUHo$ MaUZ²H$mo Ë`mÁ`§Ÿ=ŸË`mJ H$aZmo
Y¥V…Ÿ=ŸYmaU {H$ò h| (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) (ŸB{VŸ=ŸòŸ) gdm©Ë_ZmŸ=Ÿg~ Vaohgy§ B{VŸ=ŸEgr, _oŸ=Ÿ_oar
VV…Ÿ=ŸVmo {\$a Ëd§Ÿ=ŸVw_, ~«y{hŸ=Ÿ~mobmo ñ_aU§Ÿ=Ÿñ_aUH$mo, MŸ=ŸAmoa _{V…Ÿ=Ÿ~w{Õ (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
^mdmW© : O~ lrJmoHw$bmYreHw§$ gd©^mdH$[aH|$ OrdZo öX`_| ñWm{nV H$[a {bò ^mdmW© : lrJmoH$w boída öX`_| {~amO| Vm nrN>ho þ gdm©Ë_H$[aHo$ {dZHo$ MaUH$_bH$mo
h| V~ dmHw§$ lrnwéfmoÎm_gy§ CËH¥$ï> gd©H$m_ nyU©H$[adodmamo H$hm nXmW© eof aho hoŸ? ñ_aU Amoa ÔZ (ŸgodmŸ) Z N>mo‹S>Zmo Egr _oar _{V ho.
Q>rH$m : AWm©V² à^w {gdm` H$moC Amoa ^ŠVHo$ H$m_nyaH$ Zmqh ho, dohr Q>rH$m : BVZo Am¡fYHo$ godZgy§ gwIr ^`mo Egmo nwéfhþ Am¡fY Im` Vmo AmJ| amoJ
gd©H$m_nyaH$ h|. {dZHw§${h O~ öX`_| ñWm{nV H$[a bò h| V~, bm¡{H$H$ {gÕ hmo`doH$mo gå^d Z aho VmàH$ma àH¥$V_|hþ à^wH$s àmpßV ^ò nrN>|hþ OrdHw§$ Amgya
H$[adodmar `wŠVrZ²gy§ Amoa d¡{XH$ `mJm{XgmYH$ dMZZ²gy§ H$hm H$V©ì` hoŸ? H$Nw> OrdHo$ g“gy§ Amgwamdoe Zmqh hmo`doHo${bò à^wH$mo ñ_aU Amoa ÔZ ê$n gmYZ
H$V©ì` Zmqh ho. gmo{h lr_hmà^yZ²Zo "AÝV…H$aUà~moY' J«ÝWHo$ àW_ íbmoH$_| Am¡fYH$sZmBª gXm H$V©ì` ho. Eg| lr_hmà^wOr X¡drOrdZ²Ho$ Cna H¥$nm H$[aH|$
H$ømo ho Omo ""ho AÝV…H$aUŸ! _oamo dmŠ` gmdYmZ hmo`H|$ gwZ. Omo lrH¥$îUgy§ {dZHw§$ OVm`doHo${bò ""_oar Egr _{V ho'' `m àH$ma Amkm H$ao h|Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
A{YH$ H$moC X¡dV, XmofH$[aH|$ a{hV, Zmqh ho''. BVZo à^w EH${h {ZXm}f h|, Amoa
g~ gXmof h|. Vmgy§ {ZXm}fH$m| öX`_| ñWm{nV {H$ògy§ ^ŠVHo$ g~ H$m_H$s {g{Õ Ÿ&&ŸB{V lrMVw…íbmoH$sH$s Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamO H¥$V
ho. Amoa nyd© Omo ZmaXm{XH$ _w{Z`| ^ò h| {dZZohþ ^JdËàmpßVHo${bò à^wH$s godm d«O^mfm Q>rH$m g_mßVŸ&&
H$[adoH$mo CnXoe {H$`mo ho. O~ Ego à^w{h OmHo$ öX`_| {~amOo dm ^ŠVHw$ godmHo$
\$b_| H$hm Ý`yZVm a{h Om` hoŸ? g~ H$m_ nyU© {h hmo` hoŸ&&3Ÿ&&
Eg| H$m_ê$n V¥Vr` nwéfmW©H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ _wpŠVê$n MVwW© nwéfmW©H$mo

A~ {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: Ÿ
MVw…íbmoH$s…Ÿ MVw…íbmoH$s…Ÿ
315 316
&& ^pŠVd{Y©Zr Ÿ&& {Z_©b AÝV…H$aU ^ò h| do, d¡am½` ho gma Om_| Ego, kmZHw§$ àmßV hmo`Ho$ AmnHo$
ñWmZHw§$ àmßV hmo` h|'' BË`m{XH$ dmŠ`Z²gy§ VmH$s d¥{Õ {Zê${nV ho gmo XmZ-
(16)
d«Vm{XH$ _`m©Xm_mJu` gmYZZ²gy§ hmo` gHo$ ho. Amoa d¥{ÕH$mo \$b kmZ AWdm
AW nw{ï>_mJ©_| A“rH¥$V Amoa ^pŠVH$s d¥{ÕHo$ àH$maHw§$ Zmht Om{Zdodmao _`m©Xm_mJu`^pŠV ho, Vmgy§ AjaH$s àmpßV H$am`do_| dmo ^pŠV CnjrU hmo`
OrdZ²Ho$ Cna H¥$nm H$[adodmao lrAmMm`©Or, ñdàH${Q>V _mJ©_| àdV©_mZm ^pŠV Om` ho. Vmgy§ nwéfmoÎm_brbmH$mo AZw^d H$am`dodmar Omo nw{ï>^pŠV Amoa VmH$s
Amoa VmH$s d¥{ÕHo$ àH$ma H${hdoH$s à{Vkm H$aV h|Ÿ: d¥{ÕHo$ Cnm`H$mo `m J«ÝWgy§ lrAmMm`©Or {Zê$nU H$aV h| gmo C{MVVa ho.
`Wm ^pŠV… àd¥ Õ m ñ`mV² VWmo n m`mo {Zê$ß`Vo Ÿ && A~ n{hbo ~rO^md ÑT> hmo`doH$mo H$ømo VmH$mo ñdê$n H$hV h| Omo
~rO^mdo ÑT> o Vw ñ`mV² Ë`mJmV² ldU-H$sV© Z mV² Ÿ &&1Ÿ&& nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ AmMm`©Ûmam _mJ©ar{V AZwgma à^wHw§$ AmË_m à^¥{VH$mo {ZdoXZ ^ò
nrN>o à^w ñdV… dm OrdH$m| eaU {gÕ H$aV h| VmHy$ `m J«ÝW_| "~rO^md' H$ømo
`WmŸ=ŸOm àH$magy§ ~rO^mdoŸ=Ÿ~rO^md Om` ho. Oog| joÌ_| ~rO ~moò nrN>o ObgoMZm{XH$ hmo` V~ A‘w>am{X hmo` ho,
^pŠV…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV ÑT>oŸ=ŸÑT> (Ÿg{VŸ=Ÿ^ònoŸ) Ho$db ObgoMZ A‘w>aH$s CËn{Îm_| Oog| Ag_W© ho Eg| ^pŠV_mJ©_| AmJo H$ømo
~rO^md ^ò nrN>o ldU-_ZZm{X ^pŠVHw§$ CËnÝZ H$[a gHo$ h|. {dZm ~rO^md
àd¥ÕmŸ=ŸàH$f©H$[aHo$ d¥qÕJV VwŸ=ŸVmo, Ë`mJmV²Ÿ=ŸË`mJgm|
do A{H$pÄMËH$aàm`: h| Eg| lrh[aamÒr Amkm H$aV h|Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`,ŸVWmŸ=Ÿdm àH$maHo$ ldU-H$sV©ZmV²Ÿ=ŸldU-H$sV©Zgm|
Cnm`…Ÿ=ŸCnm`H$mo (^pŠV…=^pŠV, àd¥Õm=àH$ï>ê$ngm|
Eg| ~rOH$s ÑT>VmH$mo àH$ma àW_íbmoH$gy§ H${hHo$ AÝ` ì`mnmagy§hþ dm_|
d¥qÕJV)
{d¿Z Zmht Am`doHo${bò ^JdX²ÔZê$n Cnm`H$s ÑT>Vm {g{ÕHo${bò A~
{Zê$ß`VoŸ=Ÿ{Zê$nU {H$`mo Om` ho ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho H$hV h|Ÿ:
^mdmW© : lrAmMm`©Or Amkm H$aV h| Omo ñd_mJu` ^pŠVH$s d¥{Õ hmo`doHo$ ~rOXmT² > ç© à H$mañVw J¥ h o pñWËdm ñdY_© V …Ÿ&&
Cnm`H$mo {Zê$nU hmo` ho. gmo Vmo ñd_mJ©_| H$ho ^ò gmYZgy§ Amoa Omo _`m©Xm_mJu`
Aì`md¥ Î mmo Ôo V ² H¥ $ îU§ ny O `m ldUm{X{^…Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
gmYZ h| {dZH$mo n[aË`mJ VWm ñd_mJu` ldU Amoa H$sV©Z H$mo n[aerbZ
H$[adogy§ ^md ÑT> hmo` V~ ^pŠVH$s d¥{Õ hmo` ho.
~rOXmT²>ç©àH$ma:Ÿ=Ÿ~rOH$s ÑT>VmH$mo (ŸgZ²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$Ÿ)
Q>rH$m : `hm§ H$moC H$ho Omo ^pŠVH$s CËn{Îm Amoa VmH$s d¥{ÕHo$ Cnm` Vmo àH$ma, VwŸ=ŸVmo, J¥hoŸ=ŸYa_| nyO`mŸ=ŸnyOmgm|
lr^mJdV VWm JrVmOr à^¥{V J«ÝWZ²_| {dñVmagy§ d{U©V h|. V~ lrAmMm`©Or pñWËdmŸ=Ÿa{hHo$,ŸñdY_©V:Ÿ=ŸAnZo- ldUm{X{^:Ÿ=ŸldU Am{Xgm|
VmHo${bò ZyVZ J«ÝW H$[adoH$mo n[al_ Š`m| H$aV h|Ÿ? Egr e‘>mH$mo g_mYmZ Vmo Y_©Ho$ AZwgma,ŸAì`md¥Îm:Ÿ=ŸAì`md¥Îm H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$m|,ŸÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔZmo
`h ho Omo lr^mJdVm{XH$Z²_| ""XmZ d«V Vn hmo_ On ñdmÜ`m` g§`_ Amoa BVa
lo` CZH$[aHo$ lrH¥$îU_| ^pŠV {gÕ hmo` ho'' BË`m{X íbmoH$Z²gy§ Omo ^pŠVH$s ^mdmW© : ñdY_m©MaUnyd©H$ J¥h_| a{hHo$, godmà{VHy$b CÚmoJHw§$ N>m§{S>Ho$, nyOm
CËn{ÎmH$mo àH$ma Amoa ""AmnH$s H$WmHo$ nmZ H$[adogy§ {OZHw§$ ^pŠVH$s d¥{Õ Amoa
^pŠVd{Y©Zr Ÿ ^pŠVd{Y©Zr Ÿ
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Amoa ldUm{XH$ gy§ lrH¥$îUH$mo ÔZ (ŸgodmŸ) H$aZmo gmo ~rO^mdH$s ÑT>VmH$mo ì`md¥ Î mmo @ {n ham¡ {MÎm§ ldUmXm¡ `Vo V ² gXmŸ&&
(ŸCnm`Ÿ) àH$ma ho. VV: ào _ VWm@@gpŠVa² ì`gZ§ M `Xm ^do V ² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
~rO§ VX² CÀ`Vo emóo ÑT>§ `Z² Zm@{n Zí`{VŸ&&
Q>rH$m : BVZo, nw{ï>_mJ©_| CŠV gmYZgy§ AÝ` _`m©{XH$ gmYZH$mo n[aË`mJ
H$[adoH$mo _ybHo$ "Vw' eãXgy§ gy{MV hmo` ho. Amoa nw{ï>_mJu` gmYZZ²_| _w»` godm ì`md¥Îm:Ÿ=Ÿì`md¥Îm hmo`don| (ŸAmgÁ`Ÿ=ŸOmo{‹S>H|$Ÿ)
gmo ÔZmZwHy$b J¥h_| aho {dZm hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Vmgy§ _yb_| J¥h_| a{hdoH$mo H$ømo
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ham¡Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU_| ldUmXm¡Ÿ=ŸldU Am{X_|
ho. Amoa Y_© Xmo` àH$maHo$ h|. Vm_| EH$ Vmo OmH$mo eara_| AÝV Amdo gmo
(ŸXohY_©Ÿ) Amoa Xygamo AmË_m_| OmH$mo AÝV Amdo ho gmo (ŸAmË_Y_©Ÿ). Vm_| {MÎm§Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎmHw§$ gXmŸ=ŸgXm
g³Ü`mdÝXZgy§ bo`H|$ `mJn`©ÝV Y_© ñdJm©{X^moJê$n \$bHw§$ Xododmao h| gmo \$b `VoV²Ÿ=Ÿà`ËZerb ahoZmo (V{h©=V~) VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo
earagy§ AZw^yV hmo` h|, Amoa JrVmOr_| H$øo à_mU \$b^moJ hmo`MwHo$ V~ VV:Ÿ=ŸVmgy§, ào_Ÿ=Ÿào_ emóoŸ=Ÿemó_|, ÑT>§Ÿ=ŸÑT>
n¥ÏdrCna {Jao ho. Vmgy§ "ñdY_©' nXgy§ `h Y_© Zmht boZmo {H$ÝVw AmË_Y_©, Omo AmgpŠV:Ÿ=ŸAmgpŠV ~rO§Ÿ=Ÿ~rO, CÀ`VoŸ=ŸH$ømoŸOm`Ÿho
H$mhþ àH$magy§ {dH¥$V Zmht hmo`dodmamo ^JdÕ_© ho, gmo boZmo Eg| gy{MV hmo` ho. MŸ=ŸAmoa, ì`gZ§Ÿ=Ÿì`gZ `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo, Z A{nŸ=ŸH$~hþ Zmht
gmo Y_© à^wH$s godm ho. gmo lr^mJdV_| àôbmXOrH$mo dMZ ho Omo ""AmXe©(H$mM)_|
`XmŸ=ŸO~, ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` Zí`{VŸ=ŸZï> hmodo ho
à{V{~på~V _wIHw$§ Xo{IH|$ AnZo _wI_| Omo-Omo e¥J§ ma hmo` gmo{h à{V{~å~ñWmZr`
_wIHw§$ hmo`. Vog| _Zwî` à^wHw§$ Omo-Omo _mZ Xo` ho gmo AmË_mHo${bò{h ho'' Eg|
d{U©V ^JdËgodmê$n Omo AmË_Y_© gmo "ñdY_©' nXgy§ {b`mo Om` ho. Amoa ^mdmW© : A~ H$Nw> CÚmoJ H$aZmo n‹S>o Vmohþ {MÎmHw§$ ldUm{Xgy§ à^w_|{h am{IHo$
"ñdY_©V:' Eg| "V{gb²'ŸàË``mÝV ê$n {bIdoH$mo A{^àm` Vmo `h ho Omo H$aZmo. Eg| H$[adogy§ àW_ ào_ öX`_| ñ\w$ao ho, VmnrN>o à^w_| AmgpŠV hmo` ho,
"V{gb²'ŸàË``mÝV eãX Aì`` hmo`dogy§ Oog| dm_| H$mhþ àH$maH$s {dH¥${V Zmht VmnrN>o à^w_| ì`gZ hmo` ho. Eg| ì`gZ n`©ÝV ^md ~T>o V~ ~rO^md ÑT> ^`mo
hmo` ho Eg| `hm§hþ Aì`dH$mo à`moJ H$`m} ho Vmgy§hþ H$mhþ àH$magm| {dH¥$V Z hmo` Eg| OmZZmo. Om OrdHw§$ AmJo H$ho à_mU ~rO^mdH$s ÑT>Vm ^B© hmo` gmo Ho$g|hþ
Egmo Y_© bodoH$mo A{^àm` Xrgo ho. Amoa \$bmË_H$ "lrH¥$îU'Ho$ CnmXmZgy§ `h ^pŠV_mJ©gy§ gaHo$ Zmht ho.
ÔZ _oao \$bê$n ho Eg| Om{ZHo$ H$[adoH$mo ~moY hmo` ho. `m_| Omo "nyOm' eãX
ho Vmgy§ AmJ_moŠV nyOmH$mo J«hU H$[adoH$mo Zmht ho {H$ÝVw lrJmonrOZZ²Zo ""àU` Q>rH$m : ^JdËgodm_| à{VHy$b ì`mnmaH$mo Ë`mJ H$[adoH$s Amkm AmJoHo$ íbmoH$gy§
nyd©H$ Xe©Zgy§ ò h[aUr`| lrH¥$îUH$mo nyOZ H$aV ^Bª'' Eg| Xe_ñH$ÝY_| H$ømo H$ar. A~ H$Nw> CÚmoJ H$aZmo n‹S>o Vmohþ {MÎmHw§$ à^w_|{h am{IHo$ H$aZmo. Amoa
ho dhm§ ào_ nyd©H$ Xe©ZH$m| "nyOm'Ho$ AW©ê$n {JÝ`mo ho, Egr nyOm `hm§hþ bodoH$s ì`md¥{Îm_| VWm ì`md¥{Îmgy§ _wŠV hmo`Ho$ ldUm{X H$aZo. "Am{X'ŸeãX _yb_|
ho. Amoa ldUH$s Omo _yb_| Amkm ho gmo godmHo$ AZmoga_| H$[adoH$s hoŸ&&2Ÿ&& {b»`mo ho Vmgy§ ldU, ñ_aU, {MÝVZ, H$sV©Z à^¥{V AZmoga_| H$aZo. Eg|
^pŠV_mJu` ^pŠVH$s d¥{Õ hmo`doH$mo Cnm` H${hHo$ A~ ^pŠV ~‹T>doH$mo H«$_
A~ à^w_| ÑT>{dídmg hmo` Vmo à^whr dmH$mo `moJ-jo_ MbmdV h| naÝVw H$hV h|. Omo àW_ Vmo lrAmMm`©OrHo$ Hw$bÛmam ^JdX“rH$ma {gÕ hmo` V~ ào_
ÑT>{dídmg Z Amdo Ego OrdZ²Hw§$ Jm¡Unj_| ì`md¥{Îm (ŸCÚmoJŸ) H$[adoH$s Amkm BVZo ñdV: à^w_| àd¥{Îm H$am`dodmamo ñZohH$mo A‘w>a öX`_| ñ\w$ao ho. VmnrN>o
H$aV h|. à^w_|hr _ZHy§$ bJm`dodmar AmgpŠV hmo` ho, VmHy§$ "àm¡T>ñZoh' H$ho h|. VmnrN>o
EH$ jUhþ à^wH$mo {d`moJ gømo Z Om` Egmo à^w_| ì`gZ hmo` ho. Eg| ì`gZ
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n`©ÝV ^md ~‹T>o V~ ~rO^md ÑT> ^`mo Eg| OmZZmo. Om OrdHw§$ AmJo H$ho à_mU
~rO^mdH$s ÑT>Vm ^B© ho gmo Xw:g“m{X bm¡{H$H$Xmof Am` {_bdog§y Amoa H$mbm{XH$Z²H$s Q>rH$m : O~ à^w_| ñZoh hmo` V~ bm¡{H$H$_| ñZoh Z aho. Eg| O~ à^w_| AmgpŠV
à{VHy$bVmê$n Abm¡{H$H$ Xmofgy§hþ ^pŠV_mJ©gy§ gaHo$ Zmht hoŸ&&3Ÿ&& hmo` V~ J¥h_|gy§ AmgpŠV Ny>{Q> Om` ho BVZmo{h Zmht {H$ÝVw J¥h_| aho Ego ór-
nwÌ à^¥{V (Ÿ^JdXr` Z hm|` VmoŸ) _moH$m| ^JdÕ_© H$[ado_| ò g~ ~mYH$ h| Eg|
Eg| H«$_gy§ ñZoh ~‹T>doH$s ar{V H${hHo$ A~ ñZoh hmo`do_| ~mYH$ê$n XrIo h| Amoa {dZ_| AZmË_VmH$shþ ñ\y${V© hmo` ho. BVZo, ^JdXr`Ho$ AmË_m Vmo
à^w{gdm` Amoa dñVyZ²_| ñZoh, J¥h_| AmgpŠV Amoa à^w{dZmhþ H$mb{Zdm©h ò VrZ lrH¥$îU h| Vmgy§ Omo ^JdËgå~ÝYdmao Ord h| {VZ_| AnZonZoH$s ñ\y${V© hmo` ho,
Xmof h|, gmo O~ à^w_| EH$ ^md ~T>o V~ EH$ ~mYH$ {_Q>o, Xygamo ^md ~T>o V~ (Ÿ^JdËgå~ÝY a{hVŸ) ór-nwÌm{XH$Z²_| AnZonZoH$s ñ\y${V© Zmht hmo` ho. Š`m|
Xmo` ~mYH$Xmof {Zd¥Îm hm|` Amoa O~ à^w_| ì`gZ n`©ÝV ^md hmo` V~ Omo do Vmo bm¡{H$H$mgpŠVHo$ H$maUê$n h|. dohþ `{X ^JdXr` hm|` Vmo ^JdXr`nZogy§
^md{dKmVH$ g~ Xmof Xyar hmo` h| gmo Om H«$_gy§ EH$ ^mdH$s d¥{Õ_| EH$ XmofH$s AmgpŠV ~mYH$ Zmht ho Vmgy§ {dZH$mo ~mYH$nZmo XrIdo_| Zmht Amdo ho.
{Zd¥{Îm hmo` gmo H«$_ H$hV h| :
A~ ñZohd¥{ÕH$s namH$mð>m H$hV h| Omo O~ à^w_| ì`gZ ^`mo V~ gmo Ord
ñZohmX² amJ{dZme: ñ`mX² AmgŠË`m ñ`mX² J¥hmé{M:Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& H¥$VmW© hmo` ho. BVZo, "AW©' Omo ^pŠV_mJ©H$s ar{VHo$ AZwgma à^wH$mo \$bê$ngå~ÝY
J¥ h ñWmZm§ ~mYH$Ëd_² AZmË_Ëd§ M ^mgVo Ÿ && gmo OmHw§$ ^`mo ho Egmo Ord hmo` Om` hoŸ&&5Ÿ&&
`Xm ñ`mX² ì`gZ§ H¥ $ îUo H¥ $ VmW© : ñ`mV² VX¡ d {hŸ&&5Ÿ&&
Eg| à^w_| ì`gZdmaoH$s `mo½`Vm, ^md Amoa \$b H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ A~
dmHo$ AmJoH$s ì`dñWm H$hV h|Ÿ:
ñZohmV²Ÿ=ŸñZohgm| MŸ=ŸAmoa
amJ{dZme:Ÿ=ŸamJH$mo {dZme AZmË_Ëd§Ÿ=ŸAZmË_nZmo
VmÑeñ`m@{n gVV§ J¥ h ñWmZ§ {dZmeH$_² Ÿ &&
ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho ^mgVoŸ=Ÿ^mgo ho, `XmŸ=ŸO~
Ë`mJ§ H¥ $ Ëdm `Vo X ² `ñVw VXWm© W £ H $_mZg:Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
AmgŠË`mŸ=ŸAmgpŠVgm| H¥$îUoŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU_|
b^Vo gw Ñ T>m§ ^pŠV¨ gd© V mo @ ß`{YH$m§ nam_² Ÿ &&
J¥hmé{M:Ÿ=ŸKa_| Aé{M ì`gZ§Ÿ=Ÿì`gZ, VXmŸ=ŸV~
ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho EdŸ=Ÿhr (Ÿ^ŠV:Ÿ)
VmÑeñ`Ÿ=ŸdogoHw§$ J¥hñWmZ§Ÿ=ŸKa_| ahZmo
J¥hñWmZm§Ÿ=ŸKa_| aho^òZ²H$mo H¥$VmW:Ÿ=ŸH¥$VmW©
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, gVV§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa {dZmeH§$Ÿ=Ÿ{dZmeH$ ho
~mYH$Ëd§Ÿ=Ÿ~mYH$nZmo ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`, {hŸ=Ÿhr
(ŸVñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgm|Ÿ) Ë`mJ§Ÿ=ŸË`mJ VwŸ=ŸVmo, gwÑT>m§Ÿ=ŸgwÑT>
H¥$ËdmŸ=ŸH$aHo$, `:Ÿ=ŸOmo gd©V:Ÿ=Ÿg~gm|, A{nŸ=Ÿ^r
^mdmW© : à^w_| àr{V hmo`dogy§ AÝ`Ì ñZohH$mo Zme hmo` ho, Am¡a à^w_| AmgpŠV
hmo`dogy§ J¥hm{XH$_| Aé{M hmo` Om` ho Am¡a J¥h_| aho ^ò nXmW© ^pŠV_| ~mYH$ VXWm©W£H$_mZg:Ÿ=ŸdmHo${bòhr _Z A{YH$m§Ÿ=ŸA{YH$
Amoa AZmË_r` XrIdo bJm h|. Amoa O~ lrH¥$îU_| ì`gZ hmo` Om` ho V~hr ho OmH$mo EgmoŸ(ŸgZ²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$Ÿ) nam§Ÿ=Ÿloð>, ^pŠV¨Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠVHw§$
^ŠV H¥$VmW© ^`mo H$ømo Om` ho, ò {ZíM` ho. `VoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`ËZ H$aoŸ(Ÿg:Ÿ=ŸdmoŸ) b^VoŸ=ŸàmßV H$ao ho
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""h_hþ J¥hH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ ^pŠV ~T>md|Jo'' Egmo _Z_| {Zí`` H$[aHo$ A{YH$ma
^mdmW© : Ego ^mddmao OrdHw§$hþ VmÑe ^JdXr`Ho$ g“ {dZm Ka_| pñW{V ho gmo {dZm `{X J¥hH$mo Ë`mJ H$ao VmHw§$ Eg| H$[adoH$mo {ZfoY (Ÿ""Ë`mJo ... VWmÝZV:''
^mdH$mo Zme H$[adodmar ho Vmgy§ dmHw§$ J¥h_| ahZmo C{MV Zmht ho. Vmgy§ dm íbmoH$gy§Ÿ) H$aV h|. Aé Ego AnŠd^mddmaoHw§$ H$moD$ Xmof Z Amdo Amoa H$mbhþ
^mddmamo J¥hH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$, _Z_| EH$ à^wH$m|{h {_bdoH$s A{^bmfm am{IHo$, {ZH$g Om` Egmo gwb^ añVm CÎmaíbmoH$ (Ÿ""AV: ñWo`§ ... Z Xwî`{V''Ÿ)_|
^mdHw§$ dT>m`doH$mo `ËZ H$ao Vmo Eg| H$aVo-H$aVo gwÑT> Egr nam ^pŠVHw§$ H$hV h|Ÿ:
àmßVŸH$ao ho.
Ë`mJo ~mYH$^y ` ñËd§ Xw : g§ g Jm© V ² VWm@ÝZV:Ÿ&7Ÿ&
Q>rH$m : BVZo, Omo OmH$mo Zme H$[adodmamo ho gmo dmHo$ g_rn a{h Z gHo$. Oogo AV: ñWo ` § h[añWmZo VXr`¡ : gh VËna¡ : Ÿ&
""ho H$_b garIo ZoÌdmaoŸ! O~gy§ AmnHo$ MaUma{dÝXH$mo ñne© ^`mo ho V~gy§ Amoa AXy a o {dàH$f} dm `Wm {MÎm§ Z Xw î `{VŸ&8Ÿ&
bmoJHo$ AmJ| h_ R>m‹S>o a{h gH|$ Zmht h|'' Eg| ~«OaËZê$n lrJmonrOZZ²Zo
lrR>mHw$aOrgy§ H$ømo ho. VmH$s {dd¥{Îm_| lrAmMm`©Or Amkm H$ao h| Omo Oog| XohHo$
Ë`mJoŸ=ŸË`mJ_| h[añWmZoŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ ñWmZ_|
A{^_mZdmamo nwéf ì`mK«Hw§$ Xoh{dKmVH$ g_{PHo$ dmH$s nmg R>m‹S>mo Zmht a{h
gHo$ ho Eg| VmÑerHw§$ bm¡{H$H$mgŠVHo$ nmg a{hdogy§ ^mdH$s hm{Z hmo` Om` ho. Xw:g§gJm©V²Ÿ=ŸXwï>Ho$ g§gJ©gy§ VËna¡:Ÿ=ŸdmHo$ namÙ
Vmgy§ dm ^mddmamo J¥hH$mo Ë`mJH$[aHo$, _Z_| EH$ à^wHo${h {_bdoH$s A{^bmfm VWmŸ=ŸAmoa, AÝZV:Ÿ=ŸAÝZgy§ VXr`¡:Ÿ=ŸVXr`Ho$, ghŸ=Ÿg“
am{IHo$, ^mdHw§$ ~T>m`doH$moŸ`ËZ H$ao Vmo Eg| H$aVo-H$aVo gwVam§ ÑT> Egr ^pŠVHw§$ ~mYH$^y`ñËd§Ÿ=Ÿ~hmoVŸ~mYH$nZmoŸho ñWo`§Ÿ=ŸahZmo, (ŸqH$dmŸ=ŸAWdmŸ)
gånmXZ H$aoŸho. AV:Ÿ=Ÿ`m{bò AXyaoŸ=ŸXya Zmqh Eg| Ÿ
dmŸ=ŸAmoa, {dàH$f}Ÿ=ŸXya `WmŸ=ŸOm àH$magm|, {MÎm§Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎm
`hm§ àW_ ì`gZ n`©ÝV ^mdH$[aHo$ gdm©nZmoÚ (Ÿgd© bm¡{H$H$mgpŠVHy§$ (ŸñWo`Ÿ§ =ŸahZmoŸ) ZŸ=ŸZmqh, Xwî`{VŸ=ŸXy{fV hmo`
Nw>S>m`dodmarŸ) ^pŠV H${hHo$ nwZ: gwÑT> ^pŠV H${hdoH$mo A{^àm` `h ho Omo
n{hboH$s ^pŠVhþ \$bê$n Vmo ho naÝVw "gwÑT>' BVZo gdm©Ë_^mdê$n gmjmV²
^mdmW© : OmHw$§ ì`gZ n`©ÝV ^md ~T²çmo Zmht ho Ego nwéfHw$§ ^pŠV ~T>m`doH$o {bò
ñdê$nH$mo AZw^dê$n \$b Om_| ho Egr ^pŠVHw§$ àmßV hmo` ho. _ybíbmoH$_|
J¥h N>mo{‹S>do_| Xw:g“ Amoa AÝZXmof ~hmoV ~mYH$ ho. gmo Xmof Z Am`doHo${bò Ohm§
""bm^ hmo` ho'' Eg| H$ømo ho dmH$mo A{^àm` `h ho Omo nyd© H$ømo Omo AË`ÝV
godmH$mo àdmh MbVmo hmo` Ego à^wHo$ ñWmZ_| à^wH$s godm-ñ_aU namÙ
JmT>^md VmH$[aHo$ {dÚ_mZ XohH$mo O~ Zme hmo` V~ brbm_| Cn`moJr Abm¡{H$H$Xoh
^JdX²^ŠVHo$ g“ {ZaÝVa aho; Vm_|hþ à^w_| Amoa ^ŠV_| Xmof~w{Õ Z hmo` Eg|
dmH$s hmo` Om` ho nrN>o dm Xohgy§ gmjmV ñdê$ngå~pÝY \$bHw§$ àmßV hmo` ho.
g_rn_| AWdm Xya_| ahZmo.
`h ^pŠV \$bê$n ho Eg| OVm`doHo${bò "gd©gy§ A{YH$' Amoa "na' Eg| _yb_|
Xmo` {deofU {Xò h|. BVZo, _wŠË`m{XH$gy§ A{YH$ Amoa AJ{UV na_mZÝXê$n
nwéfmoÎm__| OmH$mo gå~ÝY ho Egr ^pŠV ho, Eg| {deofUÛ`gy§ gy{MV hmo` Q>rH$m : OmHw§$ ì`gZ n`©ÝV ^md ~T²çmo Zmht ho Ego nwéfHw§$ ^pŠV ~T>m`doHo${bò
hoŸ&&6Ÿ&& J¥h N>mo{‹S>do_| ~mYH$ ~hmoV ho. n{hbo H$ømo Omo J¥hË`mJr dmHw§$ ~rO^mdH$s Egr
ÑT>Vm ho Omo dmHw§$ Xw:g§gJm©{X Xmof H$Nw> ~mYm H$[a gHo$ Zmht ho. naÝVw `mHw§$ Vmo
{deof ^md Zmht hmo`dogy§ Xw:g§gJ© Xmof ~hmoV ~mYm H$ao ho. Amoa eara{Zdm©hHo${bò
A~ H$Xm{MV² H$moC ^pŠV_mJu` nydm}ŠV Ë`mJH$mo ñdê$n g_Po {dZm{h
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bmoH$_| H$mhþ OJo OmZmo n‹S>o dhm§ Omo Xo` gmo g~ boZmo n‹S>o V~ dm_| à^wHw§$ Z godm`m§Ÿ=Ÿgodm_|, dmŸ=ŸAWdm Zme:Ÿ=ŸZme, ŠdŸ=ŸH$hÿ§
g_ß`m} ^`mo AÝZhþ Amdo VmHo$ J«hUgy§ ~{h_w©InZmo hmo` Om`. Eg| Amoahþ ~hmoV H$Wm`m§Ÿ=ŸH$Wm_|, dmŸ=Ÿhþ A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ZŸ=ŸZmht
Xmof hmo` ho. {dZ_| _w»` Vmo Xw:g“ Amoa AÝZXmof ho Vmgy§ _yb íbmoH$_| XmoCH$mo ÑT>mŸ=ŸÑT>, AmgpŠV:Ÿ=ŸAmgpŠV (Ÿñ`mV²Ÿ=ŸhmoV hoŸ)
CnmXmZ {H$`mo ho.
`mdÁOrd§Ÿ=ŸOrdZ n`©ÝV B{VŸ=ŸEgr, _oŸ=Ÿ_oar
^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho _{V:Ÿ=Ÿ_{VŸ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho)
Vmgy§ H$mb{Zdm©h hmo` Amoa Xmof Z Am`doHo${bò gmo (ŸEgo AnŠd^mddmamoŸ)
Ohm§ ñd_mJ©H$s (Ÿ=d¡îUd AmJ_emó_| {bIr ^B©Ÿ)ar{VHo$ AZwgma godmH$mo
àdmh MbVmo hmo` Ego à^wHo$ ñWmZ Omo JmodÕ©Z (Ÿ{Vén{V, lra“Or, nmÊSw>a“ ^mdmW© : à^wH$s godm_| VWm ^JdËH$Wm_| OmH$s ÑT> AmgpŠV OrdZ n`©ÝV aho
{dQ²>R>bZmWOr, e’moÕma ~oQ>ÛmamH$m, ÛmaH$m, aUN>mo‹S>Or, OJÝZmWamÒr, ho dmH$mo H$mhþ àH$magy§ Zme Z hmo` Amoa nw{ï>_mJu` \$b dmHw§$ {gÕ hmo` dm_|
~ÐrZmWOrŸ) Am{X Vm_| aho. Vm_|hþ ^JdX²^ŠVHo$ g“ {ZaÝVa aho; Vm_|hþ à^wH$s g§e` Zmht ho Eg| _oar ~w{Õ_| Amdo ho.
godm-ñ_aU namÙ aho. dhm§hþ Ego Z H$ao Vmo Xw:g“m{XH$ Xmof bJ Om§` Vmo g~
OrdZ {N>Z_| ì`W© hmo` Om`. Q>rH$m : lrAmMm`©Or àH${Q>V nw{ï>_mJm©Zwgmar Egr à^wH$s godm_| VWm EVÝ_mJu`
^JdëbrbmH$s H$Wm_| OmH$s AmgpŠV (Ÿ{MÎmHo$ ì`mg“nyd©H$ ÑT> AmJ«hŸ) aho;
A~ {ZaÝVa Eg| pñW{V H$[ado g y § H$Xm{MV² H$mo D $ ^JdXr`H$mo BVZo, H$mhþHw$ godm_| Vmo H$mhþHw$ H$Wm_| Amoa H$mhþHw$ Xmo`_| AmgpŠV hmo` gmohþ
A{Vn[a{MVnZogy§ Xmof XrIdo_| Amdo Vmohþ AmN>mo Zmht Vmgy§ àH$mamÝVagy§ a{hdoH$s "`mdÁOrdZ' Zm_ Ohm§ Vm§B© Xoh_| àmU aho Vhm§ Vm§B© aho Vmo dmH$mo H$mhþ àH$magy§
Amkm H$ao h| Omo Oog| à^w_| Amoa à^yHo$ ^ŠV_| Xmof~w{Õ Z hmo` Eg| g_rn_| Zme Z hmo` Amoa nw{ï>_mJu` \$b dmHw§$ {gÕ hmo` dm_| g§e` Zmht hmo`doHo${bò
AWdm Xya_| ahoZmo, naÝVw ^JdXr`Ho$ g“ {dZm jUdmahþ ahoZmo Zmht. Vog| {dZHw§$ lr_hmà^wOr Amkm H$a| h| Omo _oar ~w{Õ_| Eg| Amdo ho Omo dmH$mo H$moD$ àH$magy§
AnZrCna VWm AnZ²Hw§$ {dZH$sCna A^md Am`do XoZmo Zmht. Vmgy§ Eg| ahoZmo Ho$ Zme Z hmo`. ò H${hdogy§ \$bH$s {Z:gpÝX½YVmH$mo ~moY hmo` hoŸ&&9Ÿ&&
Om_| _Z_| H$moC àH$maH$mo Xmof Am`doHw§$ Z nmdoŸ&&8Ÿ&&
Eg| godmgŠV Amoa H$WmgŠV Hw§$ Xo{IHo$ H$moC AmgpŠVHo$ A^md_|hþ
Eg| à^w_| AË`ÝV ^md ~‹T>dogy§ J¥h Ny>Q> Om` dmH$s Amoa AkmZgy§ J¥h N>mo‹S>o CËgmhgy§ godm H$ao Vmo dmHw§$ ~mYm hmo` gmo Amoa VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmH$mo Cnm` A~ H$hV
dmH$s {g{ÕHo$ Cnm` Amoa dmH$mo \$b H$ho. A~ nw{ï>_mJu` godm Amoa H$Wm dm_| h|Ÿ:
AÝ`Va(ŸXmo_|gy§ H$moB© EH$Ÿ)_| AmgpŠV am{IdodmaoHw§$hþ \$bH$s {g{Õ hmo` gmo
H$hV h|Ÿ: ~mYgå^mdZm`m§ Vw Z¡ H $mÝVo dmg Bî`Vo Ÿ &&
h[añVw gd© V mo ajm§ H$[aî`{V Z g§ e `:Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
go d m`m§ dm H$Wm`m§ dm `ñ`m@@gpŠVa² ÑT>m ^do V ² Ÿ &&
`mdÁOrd§ Vñ` Zmemo Z Šdm@nr{V _{Va² __Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& ~mYgå^mdZm`m§Ÿ=Ÿ~mYH$s h[a:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU, VwŸ=ŸVmo
gå^mdZm_|, VwŸ=ŸVmo gd©V:Ÿ=Ÿg~ Vahgy§
`ñ`Ÿ=ŸOmH$s Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo EH$mÝVoŸ=ŸEH$mÝV_| ajm§Ÿ=Ÿajm, H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo
325 326
dmg:Ÿ=ŸahZmo, ZŸ=ŸZmqh (ŸVÌŸ=Ÿdm_|Ÿ)Ÿg§e`:Ÿ=ŸgÝXoh `:Ÿ=ŸOmo, EVV²Ÿ=Ÿ`mHw§$ (Ÿham¡Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU_|Ÿ)
Bî`Vo = Ano{jV ho ZŸ=ŸZmqh (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) g_YròVŸ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgm| ÑT>mŸ=ŸA{dMb, a{V:Ÿ=Ÿàr{V
AÜ``Z H$aoJmo, Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmHw$ ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Jr
^mdmW© : godm_| ~mYH$s gå^mdZm_| godm N>m§{S>Ho$ EH$mÝVdmg H$[ado_| {hV
Zmht ho. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo à^w gd©Ho$ Xw:IH$mo haU H$[adodmao h| Vmgy§ à^w g~ ~mYmZ²Hw§$ ^mdmW© : D$na H$ho à_mU Omo dmUr_|hþ Zmht Am` gHo$ {H$ÝVw AZw^dgy§
Xya H$[aHo$ ^ŠVHo$ ^mdH$s ajm H$a|Jo dm_| g§e` Zmht ho. Om{Zdobm`H$ JyT> ho VÎd OmH$mo Egr ^pŠVH$s d¥{ÕH$mo emó {Zê${nV {H$`mo
ho. `m emóHw§$ gå`H$ àH$magy§ AWm©ZwgÝYmZnyd©H$ Omo nmR> H$ao VmHw§$hþ Eg|
Q>rH$m : godm H$[ado_| ÑT>Vm Zmht hmo`dogy§ CÛoJ hmo` gmo Amoa ^moJH$s AmgpŠV H$aV-H$aV {Zînmn AÝV:H$aU O~ hmo` V~ à^w_| ÑT> àr{V hmo`.
hmo` gmo godm_| ~mYH$ g_OZo. ""Ego ~mYH$s gå^mdZm_| _mogy§ godm Zmht ~Zr
gHo$ ho Vmgy§ _| J¥hHw§$ N>m§{‹S>Ho$ H$moC EH$mÝV (ŸñWbŸ)_| Om`Ho$ ^JX²ÔZ Q>rH$m : BVZo, `mH$mo AWm©ZwgÝYmZnyd©H$ {ZË` nmR> H$[adogy§ _mJ©_| é{M hmo`
H$ê§$Jmo'' Egmo {dMm[aHo$ godmHw$ Z N>mo‹S>o. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo à^w gd©Ho$ Xw:IH$mo haU Amoa ^pŠV_mJu` AmMm`©Ûmam eaUmJ{V hmo`dogy§ à^w_| ÑT>a{V, BVZo ag^md`wŠV
H$[adodmao h| Vmgy§ h[aZm_ ho gmo CÛoJm{XH$Hw§$ {_Q>m`Ho$ godm_| AmgpŠV ÑT> ñZoh hmo`Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
H$aoJmo. Vmgy§ Oog| ~Zo Vog| godm hr H$ao. Eg| H$aZhmaH$mo à^w ^md ~T>md|Jo dm_|
H$mhþ àH$maH$mo g§e` Z H$aZmo. Eg| hr H$Wm_| AmgŠV hmo` dmHw§$ {d¿Z Amdo
B{V lrdëb^Mm`©Or{da{MV "^pŠVd{Õ©Zr'H$s
Vmohþ dmHw§$ H$Wm Z N>mo‹S>Zr. (Ÿ`{X Eg| H$aoJmoŸ) Vmo à^w g~ ~mYmZ²Hw§$ Xya H$[aHo$
Om_| OmH$s àd¥{Îm hmo`Jr dm_| dmHo$ _ZHw§$ {ZíMb H$aoJ| Eg| {dídmgnyd©H$ Jmoñdm_r lrZ¥qghbmbOr_hmamO {da{MV
g_OZmoŸ&&10Ÿ&& d«O^mfm_| g§{jßV Q>rH$m g_mßV ^B©Ÿ&&
A~ Cng§hma H$aV h|Ÿ:
BËò d § ^JdÀN>mó§ Jy T >VËd§ {Zê${nV_² Ÿ &&

` EVV² g_Yr`rV Vñ`m{n ñ`mX² ÑT>m a{V:Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
Ÿ&& B{V lr_Ûëb^mMm`©{da{MVm ^pŠVd{Õ©Zr gånyUm© Ÿ&&
BËòd§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ JyT>VÎd§Ÿ=ŸJyT>VËdH$mo Ÿ

^JdÀN>mó§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdV²emóHo$ (Ÿ_`mŸ=Ÿ_oao ÛmamŸ)
{Zê${nV§Ÿ=Ÿ{Zê$nU ^`mo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
327 328
&&ŸObôX:Ÿ&& N>m§{S>Ho$ dm OrdHo$ Cna nyU© H¥$nm H$ao h|. gmo ~mV lrJrVmOr_| ""_¢ gd©àmUrZ²Hw§$
g_mZ hþ§. _oao H$moC eÌw Amoa {_Ì `Ú{n Zmht h| Vmohþ Omo _oamo{h ÔZ H$ao ho gmo
(17)
_oao_| ho Amoa {dZ_| _¢ hþ§'' Egr Amkm ñnï> H$ar ho. AWdm OrdHo$ Omo Y_© dm_|
AnZo (Ÿnw{ï>_mJu`Ÿ-Ÿd¡îUdZ²Hw§$Ÿ) goì` lrH¥$îU Ho$db ^md H$[aHo$ {h {dbjUVm H$[adodmao AWdm à^wHo$ Omo JwU {dZH$mo AmH$f©U H$[aHo$ Ord_|
àmßV hmo` gHo$ h|. {dZm ^mdgy§ gånm{XV kmZm{XH$hþ à^wàmpßV_| ~mYH$ h| gmo {XIm`dodmao g~ ^md h|. Ego `m dmŠ`Ho$ AZoH$ àH$maHo$ AW© lrH$ë`mUamÒr
lr^mJdVm{XH$ g~ J«ÝWZ²_| {d{XV ho. Vmgy§ ^mda{hV H¥${V, AñZoh (Ÿ{dZm à^¥{V ~mbH$Z²Zo {H$ò h|. "^md'eãXHo$ `Ú{n AZoH$ AW© hmo` h|, Vmohþ `hm§ Vmo
K¥VHo$Ÿ) ^moOZH$s Zm§B© \$bgånmXH$ Zht hmo`dogy§ lrAmMm`©Or _hmà^wOr ñZoh Amoa Vmgy§ hmo`dodmar AdñWm hr "^md'eãXgy§ OmZZr. Š`m| Omo ZmQ²>çmMm`©
{ZOOZHo$ Cna H¥$nm H$[aHo$ {dZHo$ ^mdH$s d¥{Õ hmo`doHo${bò Amn ^mdH$mo âV_w{Z à^¥VrZ²Zo "^md'H$mo AW© ñZohê$n hr {H$`mo ho. gmo ""a{Va² Xodm{X{df`m
{Zê$nU H$[adoH$s à{Vkm H$aV h|. ^md B{V A{^Yr`Vo'' (ŸXodm{XH$Z²_| Omo a{VŸ=Ÿàr{V ho VmHw§$ "^md' H$ho h|Ÿ) `m
dmŠ`gy§ H$ømo ho. JwUZ²Ho$ ôX H$[aHo$ do ^md ~rg àH$maHo$ h|. O~ à^w_| ^md
Z_ñH¥ $ Ë` h[a¨ dúò VX² J w U mZm§ {dô X H$mZ² Ÿ & ~‹T>o V~ Amn{h gd©gÝXoh Zï> hmo` Om` h|. Vmgy§ _yb_| "gd©gÝXohdmaH$mZ²' Ego
^mdmZ² qde{VYm {^ÝZmZ² gd© - gÝXo h -dmaH$mZ² Ÿ &&1Ÿ&& H$ømo hoŸ&&1Ÿ&&
h[a¨Ÿ=Ÿlrh[aHw§$ {^ÝZmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{^ÝZŸ-Ÿ{^ÝZ doXH$s V¡{Îmar` lw{V_| ""Hy$ß`mä`… ñdmhm'' dhm§gy§ bo`H|$ ""gdm©ä`…
Z_ñH¥$Ë`Ÿ=ŸZ_Z H$[aHo$ gd©gÝXohdmaH$mZ²Ÿ=Ÿg~ gÝXoh ñdmhm'' (ŸH¥$îUÒwd}X V¡.g§.7Ÿ&4Ÿ&12Ÿ) dhm§ Vm§B© ObHo$ ôXH$mo {Zê$nU ho. Vm
à_mU JwUhþ ôXHw§$ àmßV hmo` h| gmo H$hV h|.
VX²JwUmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHo$ JwUZ²Ho$ Xya H$[adodmao
{dôXH$mZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{dôX H$[adodmao ^mdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^mdZ²Hw§$
JwUôXmñVw VmdÝVmo `mdÝVmo {h Obo _Vm…Ÿ&
qde{VYmŸ=Ÿ~rg àH$maHo$ dúòŸ=ŸH$hþ§Jmo
`mdÝV…Ÿ=Ÿ{OVZo VmdÝV…Ÿ=ŸCVZo,
^mdmW© : à^yZ²Hw§$ Z_Z H$[aHo$ ^pŠVHo$ gmYZ_| OmoŸ-ŸOmo gÝXoh h| {dZHw§$
{_Q>m`dodmao; Amoa aOmoJwU, V_moJwU Amoa gÎdJwU {dZHw§$ {Zd¥Îm H$[adodmao (ŸôXm…Ÿ=ŸôXŸ) VwŸ=Ÿhr
Ý`maoŸ-ŸÝ`mao ~rg àH$maHo$ ^mdZ²H$m| _| AmJo {Zê$nU H$ê§$ hþ§. OboŸ=ŸObHo$ {df`_| JwUôXm…Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²Ho$ ôX
_Vm…Ÿ=Ÿ_mZo Jò h| (ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ)Ÿ{hŸ=Ÿhr
Q>rH$m : BVZo Ord à^wHw§$ Z_Z {dZm Amoa H$m`© Zht H$a gHo$ ho Ego OVm`doHo${bò
Amn àW_ Z_Z H$[adoH$s Amkm H$aV h|. ""VX²JwUmZm§ {dôXH$mZ²'' `m _ybHo$ ^mdmW© : ""Hy$ß`mä`… ñdmhm Hy$ë`mä`… ñdmhm'' (ŸH¥$îUÒwd}X V¡.g§.7Ÿ&4Ÿ&12Ÿ)
dmŠ`Ho$ Xmo-Mma AW© hmo` gHo$ h|. BË`m{X V¡{Îmar` g§{hVm_| ObHo$ {OVZo ôX H$ho h| CVZohr lrh[aHo$ JwUZ²Ho$ ôX
h| `h {ZíM` ho.
Oog| à^yZ²Ho$ Omo gd©g_Ëdm{X JwU {dZHo$ {_Q>m`dodmao ^md h|. BVZo ^ŠV
`{X ^mdHw§$ ~T>m`H|$ ^pŠV H$ao Vmo à^w AmnwZmo gd©g_Ëdê$n Omo JwU ho VmHw§$ Q>rH$m : {OVZo ObHo$ ôX V¡{Îmar` lw{V_| à{Vnm{XV h| {dVZo {h ^mdHo$ hþ ôX
ObôX:Ÿ ObôX:Ÿ
329 330
h|. Oog| Ob_| Vmn{ZdV©H$nZmo, ew{Õ H$[adonZmo, nw{ï> H$[adoH$mo BË`m{X JwU h| Jm`H$hþ nwéfmoÎm_, {dZH$s {d^y{V, JwUmdVma, Amoa A§em{XH$Z²H$s brbmHo$
Ego JwU ^md_| hþ h| Eg| OVm`doHo${bò ObH$mo Ñï>mÝV hoŸ&& ôXH$[aHo$ JmZ H$ao h|. Vog| hr gÎdm{XH$ JwUZ²Ho$ ôXH$[aHo$ H$moC AH$m_, H$moC
_mojH$m_, H$moC ñdJ©H$m_ Amoa H$moC bm¡{H$H$ H$m_Zmdmao h|. Vmgy§ {dZH$mo ^md
à^wHw§$ Jm`Z {deof {à` hmo`dogy§ àW_ Jm`H$Ho$ ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV Hy$nHo$ ObH$s Vwë` ho. BZ ^mdZ²H$mo {ddaU H${nbXodOrZo XodhþVrOrHw$§ lr^mJdVHo$
h|Ÿ: V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY_| H$sZmo ho. Vmgy§{h (Ÿ^mdHo$ ôXgy§ {hŸ) ^pŠVHo$ hþ 82 àH$ma hmo`
h| gmo lrà^wMaUZ²Zo "^pŠVh§gm{XH$'_| {Zê$nU {H$ò h|Ÿ: ""ldUm{X ZdH$hþ
A{YH$m[aHo$ ôXgy§ H$_©, kmZ, CnmgZm Amoa ^pŠV_mJu`nZ²Ho$ ôXgy§ AZoH$
Jm`H$m… Hy $ ng‘>mem "JÝYdm© ' B{V {dlw V m…Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& àH$maHo$ hmo` h|'' BË`m{X.
Hy $ nô X mñVw `mdÝVg² VmdÝVg² Vo @ {n gå_Vm…Ÿ&&
A~ `hm§gy§ {ÛVr` Amoa V¥{V` ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
JÝYdm©Ÿ=ŸJÝYd© `mdÝV:Ÿ=Ÿ{OVZ|
B{VŸ=Ÿ`m| Hy$nôXm…Ÿ=ŸHy$dmHo$ ôX Hw $ ë`m… nm¡ a m{UH$m… àmo Š Vm… nmaån`© ` w V m ^w { dŸ&&3Ÿ&&
{dlwVm…Ÿ=Ÿà{gÕ VmdÝV…Ÿ=Ÿ{dVZ| jo Ì -à{dï>mg² Vo Mm@{n g§ g mamo Ë n{Îm-ho V d…Ÿ&&
Jm`H$m…Ÿ=ŸJm`Z H$[adodmao VoŸ=Ÿdo, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
Hy$ng‘>mem…=Hy$dmHo$ ObHo$ Oogo h| gå_Vm…Ÿ=Ÿ_mZo Jò h| ^w{dŸ=Ÿ^yVbno A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
nmaån`©`wVm…Ÿ=Ÿnaånamgy§ `wŠV (Ÿ`{XŸ=ŸOmoŸ)
^mdmW© : JmZ H$[adodmao "JÝYd©'Ho$ Zm_gy§ à{gÕ h|. do Jm`H$ Hy$nHo$ Oogo h|. nm¡am{UH$m…Ÿ=ŸnwamUH$Wm H$[adodmao joÌà{dï>m…Ÿ=ŸIoV_| à{dï>
do g~ Jm`H|$ Vwë` Zht h|. {H$ÝVw {OVZo Hy$dmHo$ ôX h| {dVZo hr Jm`H$Z²Ho$ ôX
Hw$ë`m…Ÿ=ŸZha (ŸV{h©Ÿ=ŸVmoŸ)
h|.
àmoŠVm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Jò h| g§gmamoËn{ÎmhoVd…Ÿ=ŸAhÝVm-
Vo MŸ=ŸAmoa do __VmH$mo H$maU ~Zo h|
Q>rH$m : BVZo Hy$nHo$ ObH$sZm§B© {dZ Jm`H$Z²H$mo ^md ho. Hy$nH$mo Ob erVH$mb_|
CîU Amoa CîUH$mb_| erVb aho ho, VmnHw§$ Xya H$ao ho Amoa ì`` H$[adogy§ AmN>mo
hmo` ho Eg| BZ Jm`H$Z²H$mo ^mdhþ O‹S> nwéfH$s O‹S>VmHw§$ {_Q>mdo ho, g§gmaHo$ Vmngy§ ^mdmW© : H¥${Ì_ ZXr "Hw$ë`m' Zm_gy§ à{gÕ ho. dmH$s Zm§B© nm¡am{UH$ h| gmo
VßV ^ò nwéfZ²Ho$ VmnHw§$ {Zd¥Îm H$ao ho Amoa JmZ H$adogy§ ~‹T>o ho VWm AmN>mo hmo` nmaån`©`wŠV h|. eara Amoa órH$mo dmMH$ "joÌ' eãX ho. Vmgy§ do nm¡am{UH$ Omo
ho. aÁOw (ŸañgmŸ) H$[aHo$ Oogo Hy$dmH$mo Ob J«hU {H$`mo Om` ho Eg| JmZ H$[aHo$ Xoh{Zdm©h AWdm órŸ-ŸHw$Qw>å~m{XH$ Ho${bò nwamU ~m§{MdoH$mo H$m`© H$a| Vmo dohþ
hr Jm`H$Ho$ ^mdH$mo J«hU H$[adoH$mo A{^àm` `hm§ XrIo ho. do g~ Jm`H|$ Vwë` g§gmamoËn{ÎmHo$ H$maUê$n hmo` h|.
Zht h|. {H$ÝVw {OVZo Hy$dmHo$ ôX h| {dVZo hr Jm`H$Z²Ho$ ôX h|. BVZo, Oog| H$moC
Hy$dmH$mo Ob Imamo hmo`, H$moCH$mo \$sH$mo hmo`, H$moCH$mo {VŠV Ob hmo`, H$moC Q>rH$m : BVZo Obme`gy§ bo`H|$ joÌn`©ÝV Hw$ë`m naånamJV Obàdmh`wŠV hmo`
n[aUm__| gwI Xo`dodmao hmo` Amoa H$moC n[aUm__| Xw…I Xo`dodmamo hmo` ho; Vog| ho. Eg| hr nwamUHo$ AW© am{Ido_| nm¡am{UH$ naånamgy§ AW©H$mo gL²>J«h H$[adodmao
ObôX:Ÿ ObôX:Ÿ
331 332
hmo` h|. gX²Jwê$Z²Ho$ nmg CnXoe J«hUH$[aHo$ nwamUHo$ AW©Hw§$ Jwégm| nT>o h|. n[a Ÿ
Omo nwamUnmR>r gX²Jwégm| CnXoe J«hU{H$ò {~Zm Amoa gX²Jwégm| AW© OmZo {~Zm, ^mdmW© : Jm`H$ Omo doí`m{X`wŠV hm|`, _X_| _Îm hm|` {dZH$mo ^md JÎm©Ho$
lr^mJdVm{XH$_| ^mfmÌ` Amoa Amgwaì`m_mohm{X brbm d{U©V ho VmHo$ AkmZgy§ ObH$s Vwë` hmo` ho. JmZH$[aHo$ {h AmOr{dH$m H$[adodmao ZrM nwéfZ²H$mo ^md
nwamUH$mo AW© g_Pmdo Vmo dmgy§ H$moC AW© {gÕ Zmqh hmoV ho. Vmgy§ Jwê$nXoem{XH$H$s CpÀN>ï> (ŸOyR>oŸŸ) Obg_mZ
nm¡am{UH$Z²Hw§$ AË`mdí`H$Vm aho ho. Vm {~Zm H$Wm H$ao Vmo gmo H$Wm lmoVmHw§$ \$b hmo` ho.
Xo`dodmar Zmqh hmo` ho. Oog| H¥${Ì_ ZXr (ŸZhoaŸ) à{V{XZ à`ËZ H$[adogy§ (ŸAWm©V²
~‹S>o Obme` AWdm ~‹S>r ZXr gy§ Ob {_{bdono hrŸ) AmN>r ar{Vgy§ ~ho ho Vog|
nm¡am{UH$Hw§$hþ {ZaÝVa nwamUHo$ nmR> H$[adogy§ ^mdH$mo CX` hmo` ho, AÝ`Wm Zmht Q>rH$m : BVZo ""Oog| dmam§JZmH$mo Amoa órH$mo g§gJ© H$[adodmaoZ²Ho$ g“gy§ _moh Amoa
hmoV ho Eg|hþ `mnogy§ OmÝ`mo Om` hoŸ&&3Ÿ&& ~ÝY hmo` ho Vog| `m OrdHw§$ AmoaHo$ g“_| Zmqh hmo` ho'' Eg| lrH${nbXodOrZo
Amkm H$ar ho. Vmgy§ doí`m{XH$Z²H$mo g“ _hm~mYH$ ho. órH$mo g“ H$[aHo$hþ Omo
à^wH$mo ÔZ H$ao Vmo AmN>mo hmo` gHo$ naÝVw do ÔZ (ŸgodmŸ)hþ Zmqh H$a| h|. Š`m|
eara Amoa órH$mo dmMH$ "joÌ' eãX ho. Vmgy§ do nm¡am{UH$ Omo Xoh{Zdm©h Omo _Îm h|. Vmgy§ {dZHw§$ ñdm{_Ÿ-ŸgodH$^mdH$mo AZwgÝYmZ Zmqh aho ho. Ego
AWdm órŸ-ŸHw$Qw>å~m{XH$Ho${bò nwamU ~m§{MdoH$mo H$m`© H$a| Vmo dohþ g§gmamoËn{ÎmHo$ Jm`H$ lrH¥$îUHo$ JwUH$mo JmZ `{X H$ao h| Vmo gmohþ _mhmËå` Om{ZHo$ Zmqh H$a|
H$maUê$n hmo` h|. BVZo, Oog| Hw$ë`mH$mo Ob joÌ_| Om` Vmo YmÝ` CËnÝZ H$[ado_| h| {H$ÝVw CÎm_ ñda Amoa JrV _| de hmo`H|$ H$ao h|. Vmgy§ {dZH$mo ^md Im‹S>mHo$
g_W© hmo` ho Vog| nm¡am{UH$hþ d¥{ÎmHo${bò nwamU dmMZ H$ao Amoa ^rVa ^mda{hV ObH$sZm§B© H$bw{fV _mÝ`mo Om` ho. naÝVw Omo {Z_©Ëga hmo`H|$ à^wHo$ JwUJmZ
hmo` Vmo lmoVmHw$§ g§gmaH$s CËn{ÎmHo$ H$maU ~Zo h|. Oogo nm¡am{UH$ órŸ-ŸHw$Qw>å~m{XH$Ho$ H$[adodmao h| {dZH$mo ^md Vmo Hy$nHo$ ObH$s Vwë` OmZZmoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
nmofUmW©hr nwamUH$mo Cn`moJ H$ao Amoa Amn dmà_mU Mbo Zm§{h Vmo g§gmaH$s
CËn{ÎmHo$ H$maU hm|` Vog| nydí© bmoH$_| H$ho Jm`H$ à^¥{Vhþ `{X órŸ-ŸnwÌm{XH$Ho${bò
JmZ H$a| Vmo dohþ g§gmamoËn{ÎmHo$ H$maUê$n hm|` Eg| _ybHo$ "A{n' eãXgy§ gy{MV JmZH$[aHo$ {h AmOr{dH$m H$[adodmao ZrM nwéfZ²H$mo ^md CpÀN>ï> (ŸOyR>oŸŸ)
hmo` ho. Obg_mZ hmo` ho. BVZo OyR>o ~mgZ à^¥{V Imgm H$a| V~ g~ OyR>mo Ob Om
Im‹S>m_| O_m hmo` ho dm Im‹S>mH$mo Ob Oogo ew{Õ H$[adoHo$ H$m`©_| A`mo½` hmoV
ho Vog| JmZmonOrdr ZrM nwéfZ²H$mo ^mdhþ gËnwéfZ²Hw§$ AmXa H$[ado`mo½` Zmqh hmoV
A~ MVwW©-nÄM_ ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: ho.
do í `m{X-g{hVm _Îmm Jm`H$m "JV© ' gpÄkVm…Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& A~ fð>-gßV_ ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU Ñï>mÝVnyd©H$ H$aV h|Ÿ:
ObmW© _ o d JVm© ñ Vw ZrMm JmZmo n Or{dZ…Ÿ&&
öXmñVw npÊS>Vm: àmo Š Vm ^JdÀN>mó-VËnam…Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
doí`m{Xg{hVm…Ÿ=Ÿdoí`m Am{XHo$ g“ JmZmonOr{dZ…Ÿ=ŸJm`Zgy§ gÝXo h -dmaH$mg² VÌ gy X m Jå^ra-_mZgm…Ÿ&
_ÎmmŸ=ŸCÝ_Îm, Jm`H$m…Ÿ=ŸJm`H|$ AmOr{dH$m Mbm`dodmao,
JV©gpÄkVm…Ÿ=ŸJS²>T>oHo$ g_mZ VwŸ=ŸVmo, ObmW©_odŸ=ŸObHo$ AW©
{H$ÄMŸ=ŸAmoa, ZrMm…Ÿ=ŸZrM JVm©…Ÿ=ŸJS²>T>mHo$ Oogo OmZZo
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^JdÀN>móVËnam…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdV² emó_| VËna VÌŸ=ŸCZ_| VWmŸ=ŸAmoa, ~wYm…Ÿ=Ÿkm{Z AënlwVm…Ÿ=ŸAënkm{Z
npÊS>Vm…Ÿ=ŸnpÊS>V|, VwŸ=ŸVmo Jå^ra-_mZgm…Ÿ=ŸJå^ra _ZHo$ H$_bgånyUm©…Ÿ=ŸH$_bgy§ ^`m} ^`mo doeÝVm…Ÿ=ŸN>moQ>o VbmdHo$ Oogo
öXm…Ÿ=ŸAm|S>o Obdmamo Im‹S>m gÝXoh-dmaH$m…Ÿ=ŸgÝXoh Xya H$[adodmao ga…Ÿ=Ÿgamoda Oogo n[aH$s{V©Vm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho h|
àmoŠVm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Jò h| gyXm…=gwÝXa ObHo$ Hw§$S>Ho$ g_mZŸh|
^mdmW© : nyd©íbmoH$_| H$ho Ego AÝV{Z©ð>mdmao Amoa gÝXohHw§$ {Zd¥Îm H$[adodmao
^mdmW© : ^JdÀN>mó, Omo lr^mJdVŸ-ŸJrVm BË`m{X, Vm_| VËna Ego Omo npÊS>Vhþ `{X à^w_| ào_dmao hm|` Vmo H$_bgm| `wŠV VbmdHo$ ObH$s Vwë`
npÊS>V bmoJ h| {dZH$mo ^md öX (ŸXhŸ)Ho$ ObH$s Vwë` ho. Jå^ra ho _Z {OZH$mo {dZH$mo ^md OmZZmo. à^wHo$ {dfo ào_dmao Amoa emóHo$ Wmoao AÜ``Zdmao nwéf
BVZo AÝV{Z©ð>mdmao Amoa ^JdÀN>mó_| gÝXohHw§$ {_Q>m`dodmao Omo npÊS>V h| "doeÝV' (ŸN>moQ>o VbmdŸ) Oogo ^mddmao hmo` h|.
{dZH$mo ^md AmN>o Obdmao öXH$s Vwë` ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo Om_| H$_b à\w$pëbV hmo` aho h| Ego VbmdH$mo Ob Xe©Z_mÌgy§{h
Q>rH$m : BVZo ZXr à^¥{V_| Ohm§ Ob ~hmoV Am|S>mo {ZaÝVa ahoVmo hmo` dmHw§$ "öX' gd© BpÝÐ`Z²Hw§$ gwI H$[adodmamo hmo` ho, dm Ob_| gwJÝY ~hmoV hmo`dogy§ ^«_am{XH$
H$ømo Om` ho. öX_| Oog| Ob {ZaÝVa erVb aho ho Amoa nídm{XH$Z²Ho$ àdoe- hþ H$_bno Amdo h| Amoa ~hmoV gwÝXa Ob hmo`dogy§ gmag à^¥{V njrhþ dmHo$
nmZm{XH$gy§hþ _{bZ Zmqh hmo` ho Vog| npÊS>V dŠVmZ²H$mo ^mdhþ gm§gm[aH$ Vmngy§ gm¡ÝX`©Hw§$ ~T>m`dodmao hmo` h| Vog| AÝV{Z©ð>mdmao npÊS>V, gd© gÝXohHw§$ {_Q>m`dodmao
VßV Zmqh hmo` ho Amoa Hw$VH$m©{XH$gy§ hþ e§e`dmamo Zmqh hmo` ho -ŸEgmo OVm`doH$o {bò npÊS>V Amoa à^w_| ào_dmaoZ² H$mo ^mdhþ Ego ObH$s Vwë` hmo` hoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
ObHo$ öXH$mo Ñï>mÝV `hm§ lr_hmà^wOrZo
Xr`mo hoŸ&&5Ÿ&& à^wH$o {dfo ào_dmao Amoa emóHo$ Wmoao AÜ``Zdmao nwéf "doeÝV' (ŸN>mQo >Vo bmdŸ)
Oogo ^mddmao hmo` h|. BVZo N>moQ>o VbmdH$mo Ob ~hmoV new à^¥{VHo$ AmH«$_UH$[aHo$
Jå^ra ho _Z {OZH$mo BVZo AÝV{Z©ð>mdmao Amoa ^JdÀN>mó_| gÝXohHw§$ H$bw{fV hmo` ho Vog|, do nwê$f `Ú{n ào_dmao h| Vmohþ emómÜ`Z ~hmoV Zmqh
{_Q>m`dodmao Omo npÊS>V h| {dZH$mo ^md AmN>o Obdmao öXH$s Vwë` ho. BVZo Oog| hmo`dogy§, Xw…g“m{XH$ Xmof hmo` Om` Vmo {dZH$mo ^md jrU hmo` Om` ho Eg|
~hmoV gwÝXa ObH$mo BH$R>mo g_wXm` Xo{Idogm| hr _ZHw$ àgÝZ H$[adodmamo hmo` OVm`doHo${bò N>moQ>o Vbmd Oogmo {dZH$mo ^md H$ømo ho.
ho Vog| `m íbmoH$_| H$ho Ego npÊS>Vhþ _ZHo$ gd© gÝXohZ²Hw§$ {_Q>m`H|$ _ZHw§$ àgÝZ
H$[adodmao h| Eg| g_OZmo. A~ Xe_Ÿ-ŸEH$mXe_ ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
A~ Aï>_Ÿ-ŸZd_ ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h| Ÿ : H$_© e w Õ m… nëdbm{Z VWmën-lw V -^ŠV`…Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

ga…-H$_b-gåny U m© … ào _ `w Š Vmg² VWm ~w Y m…Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& `mo J -Ü`mZm{X-g§ ` w Š Vm Jw U m dî`m© … àH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&&
Aënlw V m… ào _ `w Š Vm "do e ÝVm…' n[aH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&&
H$_©ewÕm:Ÿ=ŸH$_©Z²Ho$ Ûmam ewÕ `moJÜ`mZm{Xg§`wŠVm:Ÿ=Ÿ`moJ,ŸÜ`mZ
ào_`wŠVm…Ÿ=Ÿào_`wŠV ào_`wŠVm…Ÿ=Ÿào_`wŠV VWmŸ=ŸAmoa, Aën-lwV-^ŠV`:Ÿ=Ÿ Am{Xgw§ gånÝZ, JwUm:Ÿ=ŸJwU|
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Aën kmZ Amoa ^pŠVdmao dî`m©Ÿ=Ÿdfm©H$mo Ob ho Vog| gËnmÌHw§$ `moJmä`mg H$amdo Vmo ñdg_mZ (ŸAmnHo$ ^mdH$s Vwë`Ÿ) ^mdHw§$
nëdbm{ZŸ=ŸN>moQ>r Vb¡`m Oogo h| àH$s{V©VmŸ=ŸH$ho Om` h| CËnÝZ H$[a gHo$ ho.
^mdmW© : H$_©H$[aHo$ ewÕ naÝVw emómÜ``Z VWm ^pŠV {OZH$s Aën ho A~ ~mah_| ^mdH$mo à{VnmXZ H$aV h|.
{dZH$mo ^md A{VN>moQ>o VbmdHo$ ObH$s Vwë` OmZZmo. `moJ, Ü`mZ Am{XH$[aHo$
g§`wŠV nwéfZ²Ho$ ^md d¥{ï>ObHo$ g_mZ {JZo Om` h|. Vnmo - kmZm{X-^mdo Z ñdo X OmñVw àH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : BVZo, {deof N>moQ>o VbmdHo$ Ob Oogo do dŠVmhþ H$_©H$[aHo$ B©ídaHw§$ VnmokmZm{X^mdoZŸ=ŸVn, kmZ Am{X ^mdZ²gw (Ÿg§`wŠVm…Ÿ=Ÿg§`wŠVŸ)
An©UH$a| Vmgy§ {dZH$mo {MÎm ewÕ hmo` Om` ho. naÝVw N>mQ>o Vbmd_| Oog| damh VwŸ=ŸVmo, ñdoXOm…Ÿ=ŸngrZmHo$ g_mZ, àH$s{V©VmŸ=ŸH$ho Om` h|
à^¥{V {\$a| V~ g~ Ob H$sM`wŠV hmo`Ho$ nmZ H$[ado bm`H$ Zmqh aho ho Vog|
{dZ dŠVmH$mo ^mdŸ- ""A{¾hmoÌHw§$ hmo_|'' ""ñd©JH$s H$m_Zmdmamo Ap½Zï>mo_ `mJ
H$ao'' BË`m{X lw{VHo$ dmŠ`Z²gy§ gH$m_Hw§$ `mJH$mo A{YH$ma ho, Om_| \$bH$mo ^mdmW© : "Vn' BVZo nÄMmp½Z à^¥{VHw§$ ghZ H$aZmo Amoa "kmZ' BVZo Ord Amoa
ldU Z hmo` dm_|hþ {díd{OV²Ý`m`gy§ \$bH$s H$ënZm hmo` gHo$ ho Vmgy§ H$_© Bída Ho$ ñdê$nHw§$ OmZZmo. gmo Ego Vnmo_mJu, kmZ_mJu dŠVmZ²Ho$ ^md ngrZmHo$
BídaHw§$ AnU© H$[adoHo${bò H$[adoH$mo Zmqh ho {H$ÝVw \$bHo${bò ho, Amoa OmHw§$ ObH$s ~am~a OmZZo.
`mJ H$[adoH$mo A{YH$ma Zht ho gmo{h ^pŠVH$mo A{YH$mar ho BË`m{XH$ H$_©O‹S>H$s
AgX² (ŸImoQ>rŸ)~mVZ²Ho$ A{^{Zdoegy§Ÿ-H$bw{fV (Ÿ_{bZŸ) hmo` Om` ho. {dZH$mo Q>rH$m : BVZo, {H$VZoH$ bmoJ Vngy§{h à^wH$s AmamYZm H$[adoH$mo H$ho h|.
^md Egmo Š`m| hmo` Om` ho gmo H$hV h| Omo ""_oao {bò H$_© H$[adodmamo hmo'' ""_oao {H$VZoH$ ""dm ~«÷Hw§$ Om{Zdodmao _mojHw§$ àmßV hmo` ho'' BË`m{X lwVrZ²H$mo gm§Mmo
{bò H$_© H$[adogy§ {h Vw {g{ÕHw§$ àmßV hmo`Jmo'' ""_ao_| _ZHw§$ YmaU H$a'' AW© (Ÿ^mdŸ) Zmqh Om{Zdodmao kmZgy§{h _moj {_bdoH$s ~mV H$aV h|. naÝVw
BË`m{XŸ-à^yZ²Ho$ lr_wIHo$ dmŠ`Ho$ AkmZgy§ {dZH$mo ^md Egmo hmo` Om` ho. lr^mJdVHo$ ""YZ Hw$b ê$n emó ~b VoO àVmn nwéfmW© Amoa ~w{Õ à^¥{V
à^wHw§$ àgÝZ H$[adodmao Zmqh ho. {H$ÝVw JOoÝÐH$s ^pŠV Xo{IHo${h à^wZo H¥$nm
"nëdb' Amoa "doeÝV' ò Xmo n`m©` eãX h| Vmohþ ""doeÝVoä`… ñdmhm H$ar ho. Vmgy§ ^pŠVH$[aHo$ {h à^w àgÝZ hmo` h| Eg| _| OmZw§ hþ§'' Amoa ""lo`Hw§$
nëdboä`… ñdmhm'' `m ar{Vgy§ doX_| n¥WH²$ {JZo h| Vmgy§ `hm§ lrAmMm`©OrZohþ òddodmar AmnH$s ^pŠVHw§$ N>mo{‹S>Ho$ Ho$db kmZ gånmXZ_|{h Omo ŠboeHw§$ YmaU
n¥WH²$ Ñï>mÝVê$n _mZo h|. Vmgy§ ObHo$ ñdmXHo$ ôXgy§ `hm§ {dZH$mo ôX g_OZmoŸ&&7Ÿ&& H$ao ho {VZHw§$, Vwf (Ÿ{N>bH$mŸ) Hy$Q>dodmaoHw§$ Oog| MmoIm H$moC {XZ Zht {_bo ho Vog|
dmHw§$, ^JdmZ² Šboe hr Xo`dodmao hmo` h|'' BË`m{X dmŠ`Z²_| {~Zm ^pŠV Ho$db
kmZ Amoa Ho$db Vn VWm "Am{X'eãX _yb_| ho Vmgy§ dUm©l_Ho$ Y_© g~ ì`W©
A~ ½`mah_| ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: `moJ, Ü`mZ Am{XH$[aHo$ g§`wŠV à`mgê$n {JÝò h|. ^JdËgå~ÝYgm| a{hV dUm©l_Y_©H$s lr^mJdV²_| {ZÝXm
nwéfZ²Ho$ ^md d¥{ï>ObHo$ g_mZ {JZo Om` h|. BVZo, d¥{ï>H$mo Ob O~ n¥Ïdrno {Jao H$[a ho. Vmgy§ à^wH$s ^pŠV _w»` ho. dmHw§$ N>m§{S>Ho$ Vn Amoa kmZ _| {Zð>mdmao
ho V~ gd© Xoe_| ì`mßV hmo` Om` ho, gd© ñWb_| gwb^ ar{Vgy§ {_{b gHo$ ho, dŠVmZ²Ho$ ^md ngrZmH|$ ObH$sZm§B, Ho$db ŠboeHw§${h àmßV hmo` h|. ngrZmH$mo
Amoa joÌm{X_| n‹S>o Vmo AmN>mo YmÝ` hþ CËnÝZ H$[a gHo$ ho. Vog| hr `moJrHw§$ hþ Oogo Ob Oogo ñZmZ, AmM_Z, Vmn {_Q>m`do_| Amoa AÝ` H$m`©Z²Ho$ Cn`moJ_| Zmqh
`moJ H$aVr {~ar`m§ {dZH$mo ^md gH$b Xoh, BpÝÐ` à^¥VrZ²Hw§$ ì`mßV hmo` Om` Amdo ho {H$ÝVw Ho$db ŠboeHw§$ Xododmamo hmo` ho Vog| {dZ dŠVmZ²H$mo ^md hþ
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g_OZmoŸ&&9Ÿ&& XodmÚwnmgZmoX²^yVm…Ÿ=ŸXod Am{XZ²H$s CnmgZmg§y CËnÝZ
^y_o…Ÿ=Ÿ^y{_gy§ BdŸ=ŸOogo
A~ Voahd| ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: CX²JVm:Ÿ=ŸCËnÝZ hmo`dodmao n¥îdm…Ÿ=ŸAmogHo$ Ob Oogo
Abm¡ { H$Ho $ Z kmZo Z ò Vw àmo Š Vm hao a ² Jw U m…Ÿ& ^mdmW© ObôX:ŸObôX:Ÿ: Xodm{XH$Z²H$s CnmgZmH$[aHo$ CËnÝZ hmo`dodmao ^md
H$mXm{MËH$m… eãXmJå`m… nVÀN>ãXm: àH$s{V©Vm…Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& n¥Ïdrnogy§ {ZH$go Ob~wX²~wX² AWdm {h_H$U g_mZ hmo` h|.
Abm¡{H$Ho$ZŸ=ŸAbm¡{H$H$g§y òŸ=ŸOmo Q>rH$m : BVZo Omo _Zwî` Xodm{XH$Ho$ nyOZ_|{h ""_| à^wH$mo ÔZ H$é§ hþ§'' Eg|
kmZoZŸ=ŸkmZg§y (Ÿ`wŠVmŸ=Ÿ`wŠVŸ) hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$ _m{Zdodmao h|, Amoa _yb_| "Am{X'eãX ho Vmgy§ {nV¥, _mV¥ à^¥{VZ²H$s godmHw$hþ
^JdX²ÔZÝV…nm{V {JZdodmao h|, {dZH$mo ^md {h_H$U AWdm Obno hmo`dodmao
H$mXm{MËH$m…Ÿ=ŸH$^rŸ-ŸH$^r JwUm…Ÿ=ŸJwU (ŸVoŸ=ŸdmoŸ)
~wX²~wX² Oogmo g_OZmo. Š`m| Omo Xodm{XH$ZH$s CnmgZmgy§ {d^y{VH$mo AmamYZ hmo`,
hmo`dodmao, VwŸ=ŸVmo nVÀN>ãXm…Ÿ=Ÿn‹S>dogw hmoVo AdmO {nVm à^¥{VZ²H$s godmH$mo \$b ñdJm©{XH$ ho Amoa à^wH$s ^pŠVH$mo \$b Vmo
eãXJå`mŸ=ŸeãXgy§ OmZo OmVo àH$s{V©VmŸ=ŸH$ho Om` h| ñdê$nmZÝXê$n ho. Vmgy§ Xodm{XH$H$s ^pŠV_| Amoa à^w^pŠV_| Omo ~‹S>mo AÝVa ho.
dmHo$ AkmZgy§ do Xodm{XH$H$s CnmgZm H$ao h| gmo {dZH$s ^«mpÝV ho. Amoa Omo
^mdmW© : _hXZwJ«hnyd©H$ àmßV {H$`mo Omo Abm¡H${H$ kmZ VmH$[aHo$, H$Xm{MV² _hmnwéfZ²H$mo Amoa ^ŠVZ²H$mo nyOZ H$[adoH$s lr^mJdVà^¥{V emóZ²_| Amkm
àVrV hmo`dodmao Amoa doXgy§ Om{Zdo_| Am`dodmao, à^wHo$ JwUZ²Hw§$ Omo H${hdodmao h| Xo{Ido_| Amdo ho gmo Vmo ^JdËàr{V, ew{Õ à^¥{VHo$ gmYH$ hmo`dogy§ Xo{Ido_|
{dZH$mo ^md nd©Vm{Xgy§ n‹S>Vo PaZm Oogo hmo` h|. Amdo ho. dm AmkmHw§$ nyd© Xodm{XnyOZgy§ {^ÝZ _mZZr. Š`m| Omo Oogo ^ŠVm{XHo$
nyOZ_| nwéfmoÎm_H$s ^pŠVH$mo gmYH$nZmo ho Vog| Xodm{XH$Ho$ nyOZ_| Zht hmo`dogy§
dmHw$§ ^«mpÝVH$pënV {JÝ`mo ho. Vmgy§ nwéfmoÎm_H$s àmpßVHw$§ BÀN>ddo maoZH² $§w nwéfmoÎm_H$mo
Q>rH$m : nd©Vm{Xgw§ n‹S>Vmo PaZmH$mo Ob Oogo Xyagy§ dmH$s Üd{Z gw{ZHo$ Om{Zdo_|
ÔZ (ŸgodmŸ) {h _w»` ho. gmo ~mV à_mUnwa…ga Q>rH$mJ«ÝWZ²_| {Zê${nV ho. gmo
AmdV ho Amoa H$Xm{MV² hr àVr{V_| AmdV ho Vog| hr BZ dŠVmHo$ ^mdhþ g_PZo.
J«ÝWHo$ {dñVmaHo$ ^`gy§ `hm§ {bIo Zht ho. Oog| VwfmaH$U AWdm Ob~wX²~wX²
Amoa YmamH$mo Ob Oog| {Z_©b, erVb, _mYw`©dmamo Amoa ñZmZ-AmM_Z-nmZ
ñZmZ, AmM_Z Amoa nmZm{X _| Cn`wŠV Zht hmo` h| Vog| Xodm{XH$Hw§$ nyOdodmaoZ²H$mo
H$[ado_| _Zmoha, VmnHw§$ {_Q>m`dodmamo hmo` ho Vog| hr Ego dŠVmZ²Ho$ Ûmam hmoVo
^mdhþ nwéfmoÎm_H$s àmpßV_| AZwn`wŠV hmo`dogy§ Ob ~wX²~wX²H$mo Xmï>m©pÝVH$ `WmW©
^JdX²JwUH$sV©Z hþ hmoVo h|.
hmo` ho.
A~ Mm¡Xhd| ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:

nÄMXe_ ^mdH$mo A~ {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
Xo d mÚw n mgZmo X ² ^ y V m… n¥ î dm ^y _ o a ² Bdmo X ² J Vm…Ÿ&

gmYZm{XàH$mao U ZdYm ^pŠV_mJ© V …Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
ào _ ny Ë `m© ñ\w $ aÕ_m© … ñ`ÝX_mZm… àH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&&
ObôX:Ÿ ObôX:Ÿ
339 340
gmYZm{XàH$maoUŸ=ŸgmYZm{XH$ZHo$- ñ\w$aÕ_m©…Ÿ=ŸOmHw$- A~ gmobhd| ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
àH$magy§ (Ÿ`wŠVËdmV²Ÿ=Ÿ`wŠV hmo`dogy§Ÿ) ^JdmZ²Ho$ Y_© ñ\w$[aV ^ò h|Ÿdmo
ZdYm^pŠV_mJ©V…Ÿ=ŸZdYm^pŠV_mJ©gy§ ñ`ÝX_mZm…Ÿ=Ÿ{ZP©aHo$ ObHo$ g_mZ `mÑemg² VmÑem… àmoŠVm d¥{Õ-j`-{dd{O©Vm…Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
ào_nyË`m©Ÿ=Ÿào_gy§ n[anyU© hmo` àH$s{V©Vm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Jò h| ñWmdamg² Vo g_m»`mVm _`m© X ¡ H $-à{V{ð>Vm…Ÿ&
^mdmW© : dUm©l_m{XY_©ê$n gmYZ nyd©H$ ZdàH$maH$s ^pŠVê$n _mJ©gy§, ào_nyU© `mÑem…Ÿ=ŸOm àH$maHo$ _`m©X¡H$-à{V{ð>Vm:Ÿ=ŸHo$db _`m©Xm_|
hmo`dogy§, {OZH$m| à^wHo$ Y_©H$s ñ\w$Vu hmo` EgoZ²H$mo ^md nd©Vm{Xnogy§ {JaVo àmoŠVm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho aho ^ò(Ÿ^do`w…Ÿ=Ÿhm|`,
ObH$s Vwë` ho. VmÑem…Ÿ=ŸVm àH$maHo$ (Ÿ`{XŸ=ŸOmoŸ) V{h©Ÿ=ŸVmoŸ)VoŸ=Ÿdo
d¥{Õ-j`-{dd{O©Vm…Ÿ=Ÿd¥{Õ- ñWmdam…Ÿ=ŸpñWa Ob Oogo
Q>rH$m : `mH$mo ñnï>mW© `h ho Omo Om OrdH$mo à^wZo _`m©Xm_| A“rH$ma {H$`mo hmo` Amoa j` gy§ a{hV g_m»`mVm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Om§` h|
gmo g~ H$m_ZmHw§$ N>m§{S>Ho$ O~ dUm©l_Y_©H$mo AmMaU H$ao V~ Vmgy§ dmHo$
AÝV…H$aU ewÕ hmo` h| Amoa V~ dmHw$ à^wH$s ^pŠV hr nwéfmW©ê$n ho Egr ~w{Õ
hmo` ho. gmo dmo nydm}ŠVgmYZHo$ {dMmagy§ {h ldUm{X_| à`mg H$ao ho. EgoZ²H$mo ^mdmW© : AmJo Omo dŠVm H$ho CZH$mo ào_ d¥{ÕŸ-Ÿõmg`wŠV H$ømo. Ego d¥{Õ Amoa
^md àòdUHo$ ObH$s Vwë` ho. BVZo nd©VHo$ Cna d¥{ï> hmo`dogy§ AWdm nd©Vno j` (ŸÝ`wZVmŸ) {OZHo$ ^JdËào__| Zmht hmoV ho Amoa {OZH$mo Ho$db _`m©Xm_|{h
Vbmd à^¥{V Obme` hmo`dogy§ Vm nd©Vn|gm| àòdUH$mo Ob ~hmoV {Jao ho Amoa A“rH$ma ho EgZ²H$mo ^md ñWmda (ŸpñWaŸ) ObHo$ Vwë` ho.
{dZHo$ A^md_| H$_Vr {Jao ho. Vog| nyd© H$øo ^mddmao dŠVmZ²_| hþ gmYZ Amoa
{MÎm H$s ewÕçm{XH$H$s Anojmgy§ ^mdH$mo d¥{Õ-õmg hmo` ho Ego g_OZmo. gmo Q>rH$m : BVZo Oog| pñWa aømo Ob ~hmoV Vmn nS>dogy§ gyIo Zht ho Amoa ñZmZm{X
~mV lrà^wMaUZo "^pŠVh§g' J«ÝW_| H${h ho Omo g~ H$m`©_| Cn`moJr hmo` ho Vog| {OZH$mo pñWa ào_ ho {dZH$mo ^md hþ g§gmaVmn
Amoa Hw$VH$m©{XH$ gy§ H$_Vr Zht hmo` ho Amoa ewÕçm{XH$H$mo hoVw ho.
""àmW{_H$ (Ÿn{hbmoŸ) Vmo ^pŠVHo$ gmYZ (ŸldU-H$sV©Zm{XŸ)_| àd¥Îm
hmo` ho. Š`m| Omo à^wÛmam dmH$mo _`m©Xm_| {h A“rH$ma ^`mo ho. gmohþ Ohm§ Vm§B© A~ gÌhd| ^mdHw§$ ñ\w$Q> H$aV h|Ÿ:
à^w_| ñZoh CËnÝZ ^`mo hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© _`m©Xm_| a{hHo$ godm H$ao ho. à^w_| ñZoh
^ò nmN>| Vmo g~ CnMma ñZoh nydH© $ hmo`do bJ Om` ho, V~ {d{YH$mo Aà`moOH$nZmo AZo H $-OÝ_-g§ { gÕm OÝ_-à^¥ { V gd© X mŸ&&12Ÿ&&
hmo` ho''.
g“m{X-Jw U -Xmo f mä`m§ d¥ { Õ-j``w V m ^w { dŸ&
Eg| EH$mXeñH$ÝY_| h þ ""lÕm_¥ V H$Wm`m_² ' ' `hm§ g y § bo ` H| $
{ZaÝVamo X ² J _`w V m ZÚg² Vo n[aH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
""H$moÝ`mo@Wm}ñ`md{eî`Vo'' `hm§ Vm§B©_| hþ {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. ZdYm^pŠV Vmo
1
ldU, 2{H$V©Z,3ñ_aU, 4nmXgodZ, 5AM©Z, 6dÝXZ, 7Xmñ`, 8g»` Amoa
9
AmË_{ZdoXZ gmo à‡mXOrZo X¡Ë`nwÌZ²H$m| gßV_ñH$ÝY_|ŸH${hŸho. AZoH$OÝ_g§{gÕm…Ÿ=ŸAZoH$ OÝ_gy§- d¥{Õ-j``wVm…Ÿ=Ÿd¥{Õ Amoa j` dmao
ObôX:Ÿ ObôX:Ÿ
341 342
CÎm_ {g{ÕHw§$ àmßV (ŸqH$MŸ=ŸAmoaŸ) {ZaÝVamoX²J_`wVm…Ÿ= H$øo {ZîH$m_ ào_dmaohþ X`mHo$ g_wÐê$n à^w_| àdoe H$ao h|. _hmZXrHo$ ObH$s
OÝ_à^¥{VŸ=ŸOÝ_gy§ boHo$ {ZaÝVa OÝ_bododmao Zm§B© do ^md gd© àH$maH$s ew{ÕHw§$ CËnÝZ H$[adodmao h|.
^w{dŸ=Ÿn¥pÏd_|, gd©XmŸ=Ÿh_|em (Ÿò ì`m»`mV¥JwUm…Ÿ=ŸOmo ì`m»`m H$ado
g“m{XJwUXmofmä`m§Ÿ=Ÿg“- dmaoZHo$ JwUŸ)VoŸ=Ÿdmo,ZÚ:Ÿ=ŸZ{X g_mZ A~ CÝZrgd| ^mdH$mo à{VnmXZ hmo` hoŸ:
BË`m{X JwU-XmofZ²gy§ n[aH$s{V©Vm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Om` h|
ny U m© ^JdXr`m ò eo f -ì`mgmp½Z-_méVm…Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : AZoH$ OÝ_ H$[aHo$ AmN>rar{Vgy§ {gÕ ^ò JwUdmao Amoa OÝ_gm| hr OS>-ZmaX-_¡ Ì mÚmg² Vo "g_w Ð m…' àH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&
gËg“ Amoa Xw…g“ Ho$ JwU Amoa Xmof H$[aHo$ ào_H$s d¥{Õ Amoa jrUVm dmao Amoa
{ZaÝVa OÝ_ bo`dodmaoZ²Ho$ ^md ZXrH$s Vwë` h|. eofì`mgmp½Z_méVm…Ÿ=Ÿg‘>f©U,-
ì`mg, Ap½Z, dm`w ^JdXr`m…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdXr`
Q>rH$m : BVZo ZXrH$mo Ob d¥{ï> Amoa Km_ (ŸJa_rŸ) H$[aHo$ ~T>o Amoa KQ>o ho. ^y{_ OS>ZmaX_¡ÌmÚm…Ÿ=ŸOS>âV, ZmaX, _¡Ì Am{X VoŸ=Ÿdmo, g_wÐm…Ÿ=Ÿg_wÐ
Amoa nd©Vm{XH$ Ho$ JwU Amoa Xmof H$[aHo$ Obhþ JwUŸ-ŸXmof`wŠV hmo` ho, ew{Õ Amoa
òŸ=ŸOmo, nyUm©…Ÿ=ŸnyU© àH$s{V©Vm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Om` h|
V¥pßV à^¥{VHw§$ H$ao ho. Vog|, Cna H$ø| {VZH$mo ^mdhþ Vn-Ü`mZ-g_m{YH$[aHo$
nmnj`Ûmam ewÕçm{XH$H$m| CËnÝZ H$ao ho. gËg“H$[aHo$ JwUHw§$ Amoa Xw…g“H$[aHo$
XmofHw§$ CËnÝZ H$ao ho, Amoa ~T>o ho KQ>o ho. Vmgy§ ZXrà_mU {JÝò h|Ÿ&&13Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : eof, ì`mg, Ap½Z, hZw_mZ, OS>âV, ZmaX, _¡Ìo` à^¥{V Omo
nyU©^JdXr` h| do "g_wÐ' H$øo h|.
A~ AR>mahd| ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
Q>rH$m : BVZo g_wÐHo$ ObH$s Vwë` {dZ g~Z²H$mo ^md ho. ^pŠV Omo godm Vm
H$[aH|$ nyU© hm|` {VZHw§$ ^JdXr` H$ho Om` h|.
EVmÑem… ñdVÝÌme² Mo V ² {gÝYd… n[aH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&
EVmÑem…Ÿ=ŸEgo (ŸV{h©Ÿ=ŸVmoŸ)
BVZo {OZHw§$ à^wgodm ì`{V[aŠV Amoa ñdmW© Zht ho, {OZHw§$ à^wHo${bòhr
MoV²Ÿ=ŸOmo {gÝYd…Ÿ=Ÿ~‹S>r ZXr Oog
Xohm{XH$H$s Anojm ho, na§Vw Xohm{XH$Ho${bò à^wH$s godm H$[adoH$s Zmqh h| Ego
ñdVÝÌm…Ÿ=ŸñdVÝÌ hm|` n[aH$s{V©Vm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Om` h| ^JdXr` aËZmH$aHo$ Vwë` h|. {dZH$mo ^md aËZmH$aHo$ ObH$s Vwë` g_OZmo. BZ
^JdXr`Z²H$s JUZm _ybíbmoH$_| H$ar ho. Vm_| _w»` eof h|. gmo ^JdX²JwUJmZ_|
o mdmW© : nyd©íbmH$_| H$ho ^md `{X ñdVÝÌ (ŸCnm{Y a{hV ñd`§Ho$ hrŸ) hm|`
^ VËna h|. ^JdmZ²H$s eæ`m ~{ZH|$ godm H$ao h| gmo ^JdmZ²H$s {d^y{Vê$n h|.
Vmo do AmnV|{h g_wÐ_| Om`dodmar ZXrH$s Vwë` h|. à^yZ²Z| {dZH$m| ""gn©Z²_| AZÝV _oamo ê$n ho'' Eg| H$hrHo$ AnZr {d^y{Vê$n {JZo
h|. ì`mgOr à^wHo$ H$bmdVma h|, gXm ^JdÕ_©Ho$ {Zê$nU_| VËna h|. Ap½Z
Q>rH$m : Oog| _hmZXrHo$ Ob_| à{dï> ^ò ObMa g_wÐ_|hþ Om` gHo$ h| Vog| Cna lrH¥$îUHo$ _wIma{dÝXê$n Amn lr_hmà^wOr Omo gdmªegy§ lrH¥$îUê$nhr h|.
ObôX:Ÿ ObôX:Ÿ
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hZw_mZ² lram_MÝÐOrHo$ JwUJmZ_| VËna h|. OS>âVOr AÝV…H$aU_| ^mdnyU© H$moB©H$s nmggy§ H$Nw> J«hU Zmqh H$ao h| Amoa BÀN>mhþ Zmqh H$ao h|, _Zwî` n{dÌ
hmo`dogy§ ~hmagy§ OS> Oogo XrIo h|. ZmaXOr gXm nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ JwUJmZ_|{h EH$VmZ hmo`doHo${bò ^JdmZ²Hw§$ Ôo Egmo {d{Y hmo`dogy§ bm¡{H$H$ ñdmW©Ho${bò ÔZ,
h|. nameaHo$ {eî` _¡Ìo` ^JdX²JwUHo$ dŠVm h|. _yb_| "Am{X'nX ho Vmgy§ ñVw{V, An©U à^¥{V H$ao h| Eg| Om{ZHo$ dU©Z H$[adodmaoZ²H$mo ^md jmamoXHo$
CÕdm{XH$H$mo ^mdhþ g_wÐObHo$ Vwë` g_OZmo. Oog| g_wÐH$mo Ob MÝÐHw§$ ObH$s Vwë` AJ«mø Oogmo ho.
Xo{IH|$ Va[“V hmo` ho Vog| nyd© H$øo ^JdXr`hþ à^wHo$ _wIMÝÐHo$ Xe©Zgm|
àd¥Õ^mddmao hmo`H|$ godm ì`{V[aŠV AmoaHw§$ VwÀN> {JZo h|. gmo lrH${nbXodOrZo {H$VZoH$ ""gmo hmWdmao lrH¥$îUZo damhê$n Y[aH|$ Vwåhmamo CÕma {H$`mo ho''
""gmbmoŠ`, gmï>u, gm_rß`, gmê$ß` Amoa EH$Ëd Hw§$hþ _oao ^ŠV Zmqh MmhV h|'' BË`m{X dmŠ`Z²H$mo Aml` H$[aH|$ OJËH$Vm©{h {d{dY earaZ²_| àdoeH$[aH|$ H$m`©
Eg| Amkm H$ar ho. H$ao ho Amoa H$m`© H$[aHo$ dm earaHw§$ N>moS> Xo` ho Eg| Om{ZHo$ h[aHo$ JwUH$mo JmZ
H$ao h| CZH$mo ^md X{Y_ÊS>moXVwë` ho. BVZ| X{Y_ÊS> gmaa{hV hmo`dogy§ nmofU
g_wÐ_| ^r jma Amoa {_ï> Xmo ôX h| Vmgy§ ñdê$nôX Amoa kmZôX H$[aH|$ H$[ado_| {Zê$n`moJr ho Vog| {dZH$mo ^md hþ g_OZmo. Eg|hr ^JdmZ² {MX²ê$n
{dbjU Ego nyU© ^mddmaoZ²H$mo {Zê$nU A~ H$aV h|Ÿ: {dkmZnyU© gd©g_ Amoa _mojHo${bò godZH$[ado`mo½` h| Eg| Om{ZHo$ dU©ZH$[adodmaoZH² $mo
^mdhþ X{Y_ÊS>moXVwë` ho.
bmo H $-do X -Jw U ¡ a ² {_l-^mdo Z ¡ H o $ hao a ² Jw U mZ² Ÿ &&15Ÿ&&
dU© ` pÝV g_w Ð mg² Vo jmamÚm… fQ² > àH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&& _m`mHo$ JwUH$[aH|${h à^w_| H$Vm©nZmo ho Vm {~Zm Zqh ho. Vmgy§ _m`mHo$
JwUH$[aH|${h h[a g~ H$ao h| Eg| Om{ZHo$ Omo ^JdX²JwUH$mo dU©Z H$ao ho VmH$mo
^md gwamoXHo$ ObVwë` ho. Oog| gwamH$mo ñd^md {dñ_aU H$am`doH$mo Amoa Xmof
EHo$Ÿ=Ÿ{H$VZoH$ bmoH$doXJwU…Ÿ= ŸbmoH$ŸAmoaŸdoXŸHo$ JwUZgy§
CËnÝZ H$[adoH$mo ho Vog| àH¥$V ^mddmaoZ²H$mo ^md hþ g_OZmo.
(ŸqH$MŸ=ŸAmoaŸ) dU©`pÝV = dU©Z H$ao h|
{_l^mdoZŸ=Ÿ{_l^mdgy§ VoŸ=Ÿdo, jmamÚm…Ÿ=ŸImao Am{X
à^w g~Ho$ B©ída Amoa gd©H$m`© H$[ado_| g_W© h| Eg| Om{ZH|$ Omo à^wH$mo
hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$ fQ²>Ÿ=ŸN>o, g_wÐm…Ÿ=Ÿg_wÐ dU©Z H$ao ho VmH$mo ^md jramoXHo$ Ob Oogmo ho. XyYHo$ JwU g[aIo dm ^mddmaoHo$
JwUmZ²Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²H$mo àH$s{V©Vm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Om` h| JwU h|.
^mdmW© : {H$VZoH$ dŠVm bmoH${_l^mdgy§, doX{_l^mdgy§ Amoa JwU{_l^mdgy§ à^w _hm~bdÎma h| Vmgy§ AnZo ^ŠVZHw§$hþ ~bdmao ~Zmdo h| Eg| Om{ZH|$
à^wHo$ JwUZ²H$mo dU©Z H$ao h|. do jmam{X fQ²>g_wÐHo$ Vwë` h|. dU©Z H$[adodmaoZ²H$mo ^md K¥VmoXHo$ ObH$s Vwë` ho. BVZo {dZ ^mddmaoZ²H$mo ^md
K¥VHo$ g_mZ JwUdmamo ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZo am_H¥$îUm{X _Zwî` h| naÝVw {dZ_| ~bm{X ~hmoV ho Vmgy§ _Zwî`gy§
A{YH$ _mÝò Om` h| Eg| Om{ZHo$ à^wH$mo dU©Z H$[adodmaZ²H$mo ^md jmag_wÐHo$ à^w bú_rOrHo$ n{V h| godH$Z²Hw§$ ^moJŸ-Ÿ_moj Xododmao h| Ego Om{ZH|$ dU©Z
ObH$s Vwë` g_OZmo. jmaOb Oog| V¥fm{Zd¥{Îm, V¥pßV à^¥{V gwIXmZ_| AZwn`mo{J H$[adodmaoZ²H$mo ^md BjwagmoX g_wÐHo$ ObH$s Vwë` ho. gmo BjwH$mo ag Oog| _Ywa
hmodo ho Vog| nydm}ŠV dŠVmZ²H$mo ^mdhþ g_OZmo. Eg| hr ^JdmZ² d¡am½`nyU© hmo`dogy§ Amoa ^rVaHo$ VmnHw§$ Xy[a H$[adodmamo hmo` ho Vog|hr JwUdmamo BZH$mo ^mdhþ hmoV ho.
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ho Eg| {Zê$nU H$[aH|$ à^wHo$ gd© JwU- ZdZrVMm¡`©, doUwZmX, JmdÕ©ZmoÕmaU
Amoa eaU Amò Ord Mmho Oog| hmo` Vmohþ lrH¥$îU {dZH$mo CÕma H$ao hr Am{XH$Z²Hw§$hþ JwUmVrVnZogy§ Om{ZH|$ dU©Z H$[adodmaoZ²H$mo ^md A_¥VHo$ g_wÐVwë`
h|, eaUmJVHw§$ N>m§{S> XoV Zmqh h| Eg| Om{ZH|$ dU©Z H$[adodmaoZ²H$mo ^md ho. do ^JdËH¥$V² Mm¡`m©{XH$ (ŸbrbmŸ)Z²Ho$ H$maUHw§$ Om{Zdodmao h| Vmgy§ _yb_|
ewÕmoXH$Ho$ ObH$s Vwë` JwUdmamo OmZZmo. "{dMjU' H$ho h|. {VZH$mo dmŠnmZ BVZo dm{UH$mo _Z_| YmaU H$aZmo VWm CnXoe
J«hU H$aZmo Amoa VmH$mo AmXanyd©H$ ldU H$aZmo gmo ~hmoV Xwb©^ ho. Vmgy§ {h
Zm_Ho$ ñdê$n Om{ZdoHo${bò Ego Jwê$Z² (ŸCnXoeH$Z²Ho$Ÿ)Ho$ eaU_| Om`doH$s
A~ nyU©^JdXr`Z²_|hþ Oo CÎm_ h| {VZH$s JUZm H$aV h|Ÿ:
doXm{XH$_| Amkm H$ar ho. Vm {~Zm ñdV… àmßV{H$ò Ego kmZŸ-ŸH$_m©{XH$Hw§$ ì`W©
H$ømo ho. Jwê$ng{Îmnyd©H$ ^JdX²CnXoe J«hU H$[aH|$ à^w_| nwéfmoÎm_nZoH$mo kmZ
Jw U mVrVV`m ew Õ mZ² gpÀMXmZÝXê${nU…Ÿ&&16Ÿ&& hmo` V~hr gd©kVm hmo`. gmo ~mV JrVmOr_| AmnZo{h H$hr ho ""Omo {dMjU
gdm© Z o d Jw U mZ² {dîUmo a ² dU© ` pÝV {dMjUm…Ÿ& _moHw§$ nwéfmoÎm_ OmZo ho gmo g~ Om{Zdodmamo gd©^mdH$[aH|$ _oar godm H$ao ho''. Vm
Vo @ _¥ V mo X m… g_m»`mVmg² VÛmŠnmZ§ gw X w b © ^ _² Ÿ &&17Ÿ&& à_mU nydm}ŠV ^ŠVhþ à^wH$mo Ôdodmamo hmo` hoŸ&&17Ÿ&&
òŸ=ŸOmo, {dMjUm…Ÿ=Ÿ~w{Õ_mZ JwUmZ² = JwUmZ²H$mo A~ do {dMjU ^ŠVZ²H$s dmUrH$s _{h_mHw§$ H$hV h|Ÿ:
JwUmVrVV`mŸ=ŸJwUmVrVê$ngy§ dU©`pÝV = dU©Z H$ao h|
ewÕmZ²Ÿ=ŸewÕ VoŸ=Ÿdo, A_¥VmoXm…Ÿ=ŸA_¥VOb VmÑemZm§ Šd{MX² dmŠ`§ Xy V mZm{_d d{U© V _² Ÿ &
gpÀMXmZÝXê${nU…Ÿ=ŸgpÀMXmZÝX- g_m»`mVm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Jò h| AOm{_bmH$U© Z dX² {~ÝXw n mZ§ àH$s{V© V _² Ÿ &&18Ÿ&&
ñdê$ndmao, {dîUmo…Ÿ=Ÿ{dîUwHo$ VV²Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$s, dmŠnmZ§Ÿ=ŸdmUrH$mo nmZ amJmkmZm{X^mdmZm§ gd© W m ZmeZ§ `XmŸ&
gdm©Z² = g~, Ed = hr gwXwb©^_²Ÿ=ŸAË`ÝV Xwb©^^ ho VXm bo h Z_² BË`w Š V§ ñdmZÝXmo X ² J _H$maU_² Ÿ &&19Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : Omo {dMjU dŠVm JwUV| na, Vmgy§ {h gV² {MV² Amoa AmZÝX ê$n Ego VmÑemZm§Ÿ=ŸEgoZ²Ho$ amJmkmZm{X^mdmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ
à^wHo$ gd© JwUZ²H$m| Om{ZHo$ {dZ g~ ^JdX²JwUZ²H$mo dU©Z H$[adodmao h| gmo dmŠ`§Ÿ=ŸdmŠ`Z²Hw§$,ŸŠd{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$^r amJ, AkmZ Am{X ^mdZ²H$mo
A_¥VHo$ g_wÐVwë` h|. {VZH$s dmUrH$mo nmZ (ŸldUŸ) AË`ÝV Xwb©^ ho. XyVmZm§Ÿ=ŸgÝXoedmhH$H$s gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ Vaohgy§
BdŸ=ŸOogo, d{U©V{H$`mo ho ZmeZ§Ÿ=ŸZme, VXmŸ=ŸV~
Q>rH$m : BVZ| ""V_wñVmoVma:'' Eg| doXHo$, ""Omo jagy§ na Amoa Ajagy§ hþ CÎm_ (ŸVWmŸ=ŸAmoaŸ)AOm{_bmH$U©ZdV²Ÿ= (ŸVÛmŠnmZ§Ÿ=ŸCZH$s dmUrH$mo nmZŸ)
ho'' Eg| JrVmHo$, ""_oao_| aømo g~ {ZJwU© OmZZmo'' Eg| lr^mJdVHo$ Amoa AOm{_bZo gwÝ`mo dm Vaohgy§ ñdmZÝXmoX²J_H$maU§Ÿ=ŸAnZo AmZÝXHo$
""bmoH$H$s¨ Zm§B brbm _mojê$n ho'' Ego ì`mggyÌHo$ dmŠ`gy§ Eg| lw{V, ñ_¥{V,
(ŸVÀN´>dU_{nŸ=ŸdmH$mo ldU ^rŸ) CÒ_H$mo H$maUê$n ~Zo ho
nwamU Amoa Ý`m` H$[aH|$ à^wHo$ Zm_, ê$n Amoa Y_©Z² H$mo {ZJw©UnZoH$mo {ZíM`
H$[aH|$ ^JdÝZm_ gpÀMXmZÝXmË_H$ ho, ^JdmZ² AjamVrV nwéfmoÎm_ h|, VmH$s {~ÝXwnmZ§Ÿ=Ÿ{~ÝXwnmZHo$ g_mZ (ŸB{V hoVmo…Ÿ=ŸVmgm|Ÿ)bohZ§Ÿ=ŸMmQ>Zmo
g~ gm_J«r {ZJw©U ho, VmH$s brbm hÿ \$bê$nm ho, ñ_aU H$[adogy§ _moj Xododmar àH$s{V©V§Ÿ=ŸH$hoŸJòŸh|, `XmŸ=ŸO~ B{V CŠV§ (^d{V)Ÿ=ŸEgo H$ømoŸOm`Ÿho
ObôX:Ÿ ObôX:Ÿ
347 348
H$hr ho. Vm à_mU OrdHw§$ ^pŠVH$mo nyU©\$b V~ (Ÿì`gZ hmo`dogy§ hrŸ) àmßV hmo`
^mdmW© : Ego ^JdXr`Z²H$s àgÝZVm`wŠV Omo Amkm ho gmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ XyVH$s hoŸ&18-19Ÿ&&
AmkmHo$ g_mZ H$hr ho. BZHo$ dmŠ`H$mo ldU A_¥V{~ÝXwHo$ g_mZ ho. Oog|
AOm{_bZo ^JdX²XyVZ²Ho$ dmŠ`H$mo ldU {H$`mo hVmo VmH$sgr Zm§B© {dZHo$ A~ ~rgd| ^mdH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
dmŠ`H$mo ldU A_¥Vq~XwHo$ nmZH$s Vwë` ho. Amoa amJ (Ÿ{df`m{XH$_| àr{VŸ)
Amoa AkmZm{XH$ ^mdH$mo O~ Zme hmo` V~ ñdê$nmZÝXHw§$ àH$Q> H$ao ho. VmH$mo
CÕ¥ V mo X H$dV² gd} n{VVmo X H$dV² VWmŸ&
Zm_ "bohZ' H$ømo ho.
CŠVm{V[aŠV-dmŠ`m{Z \$b§ Mm@{n VWm VV…Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : BVZ| nyd©íbmoH$_| H$ho nyU©^JdXr` H¥$nmH$[aH|$ {dZm AmJ«hgy§ H$hV h|
gmo dmŠ` à^wH$mo{h g_OZmo. Oog| amOm MmH$aÛmam Amkm H$ao ho Vog| à^whþ CŠVm{V[aŠVdmŠ`m{ZŸ=ŸH$ho ^ò- n{VVmoXH$dV²Ÿ=Ÿn‹S>o ObH$s Vaoh
^JdXr`Ûmam CnXoe H$aV h|. XyV Oogo amOmHo$ JwUdU©Z_| e[‘>V Zht hmo` ho Vog| dMZZ²gy§ AbJ dmŠ`|, VWmŸ=ŸAmoa (ŸVofm§Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$moŸ)\$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$b
^JdXr`Z²Hw§$hþ à^wHo$ JwUdU©Z_| e‘>m Zht hmo` ho. Vmgy§, à^wH$s H¥$nm Amoa gd}Ÿ=Ÿg~, CÕ¥VmoXH$dV²Ÿ=Ÿ~hma- A{nŸ=Ÿ^r
^{dî`_| \$b {_bdoH$mo `moJ hmo` V~hr Ego ^JdXr`Z²H$mo g_mJ_ hmo` ho. {ZH$mñò ^ò ObH$s Vaoh(ŸM=AmoaŸ) VV:Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§, VWmŸ=Ÿdogmo
Vmgy§{h {VZHo$ _wIgy§ CnXoe àmßV hmoZmo, íbmoH$_mÌH$mo ldU H$aZmo, {ejm
gwZZr gmo A_¥V{~ÝXwHo$ nmZê$n Amoa AOm{_bHo$ ldUH$s Vwë` ho. Oog|
^mdmW© : nyd©_| H$ho ^ò ^mdZ²gy§ `wŠV dmŠ` AWdm CZHo$ H$hdodmao dŠVm ò
AOm{_bZo XyVZ²Ho$ _wIgy§ ^JdÕ_©Ho$ ~bH$mo ldU {H$`mo Vm nrN>o dmHw§$ ZaH$H$mo
g~ nmÌ_| {ZH$mgo AWdm YaVr_| nS>o ObH$s Vah h|. AWm©V² {ZH$mñ`mo Ob Oogo
gå~ÝY Ny>{Q>H|$ ^JdÕ_©Ho$ ldUV| CÎm_\$bH$s àmpßV ^B© Vog| A_¥V{~ÝXwH$mo
nmÌHo$ AZwgma hmo` Om` ho Eg|hr CZH$mo ^mdhþ CZHo$ AZwgma hmo` ho. Amoa Ego
nmZ H$[adodmaoZ²Hw§$hþ CÎm_\$bH$s àmpßV hmo`doH$mo gyMZ `m Ñï>mÝVgy§ hmo` ho.
dmŠ` AWdm ^mdZ²H$mo \$bhþ dogmohr AWm©V² Aën hr hmo` ho.
`m {~ÝXwnmZgy§ A{YH$ agmñdmX ho gmo H$hV h| Omo amJ (ŸJ¥hm{X_| ñZohŸ)

Q>rH$m : nyd© H$øo Omo A_¥VmoXVwë` ^mddmao h| {dZHw§$ N>mo{‹S>H|$ Amoa ^mddmaoZ²Ho$
Amoa AkmZ (Ÿ^JdËñdê$nHw§$ Zqh nhoMmZZmo AWdm A{dÚmŸ) Am{X Amoa emoH$-
^md {dZH$s AàË`j Xem_| CX²Y¥VmoXH$H$s Vwë` \$bHw§$ {gÕH$ao h|. Amoa {dZ
_mohm{XH$ H$mo O~ Zme hmo` Om`; BVZ| O~ amJm{XH$H$s dmgZmhþ Z aho, V~
^mddmaoZ²Ho$ dmŠ` Cnagy§ {Jao ObH$s ~amo~a \$bHw§$ {gÕ H$[adodmao h|. Oog| Hy$n
agmñdmX hmo` ho. BVZ| nyd© H$ømo {~ÝXwnmZ O~ amJm{XH$H$s Añ\y${V©gy§ {H$`mo
à^¥{VZ²_|gy§ J«hU {H$`mo Ob Om ñWmZgy§ Am`mo hmo` dm ñWmZHo$ JwUHo$ Vwë`
Om` VmHw$§ bohZ (ŸMmQ>ZmoŸ) H$ømo ho. gmo OrdHw$§ ^JdXmZÝXH$mo AZw^d H$am`dodmamo
JwUdmamo hmo` ho. A_¥V Vmo gd©Xm EH$ag ho Vmgy§ dmHw$ N>m§{‹S>H|$ Amoa ^mddmaoZ²H$s
ho. O~ ldUm{XH$_| ì`gZ hmo` Om` V~ Omo H$WmagH$mo AmñdmX AZw^d_|
AàË`j Xem_| do ^md CX²Y¥VmoXH$ (ŸHy$dm{XH$Z²_|gy§ bm`mo ^`mo ObŸ) Vwë`
Amdo ho gmo A_¥Vê$n hmo` ho. V~hr Ord_| Omo AmZÝXH$mo {Vamo^md ^`mo ho VmH$mo
JwUdmamo hmo`Ÿho Eg| H$ømoŸhoŸ&&20Ÿ&&
Am{d^m©d hmo` ho Amoa à^w_| H«$_gy§ ào_, AmgpŠV Amoa ì`gZ hmo`dogy§ ànÄMH$s
{dñ_¥{V hmo`H|$ Ord H¥$VH¥$Ë` hmo` ho. gmo ~mV lr^mJdV²Ho$ 11Ÿd| ñH$ÝY_|
""^pŠV¨ bãYdV… gmYmo {H$_Ý`X² Ad{eî`Vo'' `m íbmoH$gy§ Amoa lr_hmà^wOrZo A~ J«ÝWH$s g_mpßV H$ao h|Ÿ:
ñdH¥$V "^pŠVd{Õ©Zr'Zm_H$ J«ÝW_| ""ñZohmX² amJ{dZme… ñ`mX²'' `m íbmoH$gy§
ObôX:Ÿ ObôX:Ÿ
349 350
B{V Ordo p ÝÐ`JVm ZmZm-^md§ - JVm ^w { dŸ&& Ÿ&& nÄMnÚm{Z Ÿ&&
ê$nV… \$bVíM¡ d Jw U m {dîUmo a ² {Zê${nVm…Ÿ&&21Ÿ&& (18)
ObôX_| 20 àH$maHo$ {d{^ÝZ ^ŠV Amoa {dZHo$ ^mdZ² H$m| ObH$mo Ñï>mÝV
Ÿ&&ŸB{V lr_Ûëbm^mM`©{da{MVmo ObôX… gånyU©…Ÿ&& Xo`H|$ {Zê${nV {H$ò h|. gmo Oog| Ob ewîH$ dñVwHw§$ AmÐ© H$ao ho Vog| D$na {b»ò
^ŠVZ²Ho$ ^mdhþ ldU H$[adodmao _Zwî`Z²Ho$ öX`Hw§$ AmÐ© H$ao ho Eg| OVm`doHo${bò
B{VŸ=Ÿ`m Vaohgy§ ZmZm^md§JVm…Ÿ=ŸAZoH$ ^mdZ²Hw§$ àmßV^ò Ego ObH$mo Ñï>mÝV Xo`Ho$ {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. emó_| Omo Aï>mXe {dÚm {bIr ho
ê$nV…Ÿ=Ÿê$ngy§ OrdopÝÐ`JVm…Ÿ=ŸOrdZ²H$s BpÝÐ`Z²_| aho ^ò VmH$[aHo$ à{Vnm{XV Ego ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwUhþ AR>mah àH$maHo$ h|, Vmgy§ do ^ŠVhþ
Aï>mXe {dÚmà{Vnm{XV JwU_| VËna hmo`dogy§ Ho$db _`m©Xm_mJu` Aï>mXe
\$bV…Ÿ=Ÿ\$bgy§, EdŸ=Ÿ^r {dîUmo…Ÿ=Ÿ{dîUwHo$, JwUm…Ÿ=ŸJwU
àH$maHo$ h|. Amoa nw{ï>_mJu`, ewÕ VWm {_l Ego ôXgy§ Xmo àH$maHo$ h|. BVZo
^w{dŸ=Ÿn¥pÏdno {Zê${nVm…Ÿ=Ÿ{Zê${nV {H$ò Aï>mXe àH$maHo$ _`m©Xm_mJu` ^ŠV Amoa Xmo àH$maHo$ nw{ï>_mJu` ewÕ VWm {_l
{_{bH|$ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ 20 àH$ma ^ò. AWdm gmpËdH$m{XH$ VrZ JwUZ²Ho$ nañna
^mdmW© : `m Vaohgy§ ñdê$n Amoa \$b H$[aHo$ n¥Ïdr_| AZoH$ ^mdZ²Hw§$ àmßV ^ò {_lUgy§ ^mdHo$ 9 ôX Amoa 1 {ZJw©U Eg| g~ {_{bHo$ 10 ôX ^ò. gmo _`m©Xm
VWm OrdZ²Ho$ _Z_| a{hdodmao Omo lrh[aHo$ JwU h| gmo h_Zo H$ho. Amoa nw{ï> Ho$ Xe-Xe ôX {_{bH|$ 20 àH$maHo$ ^ŠV ^ò. {VZHo$ ^mdhþ
{dZ_|hr aho h|. Vmgy§ ~rg àH$magy§ ObôX_| {Zê${nV {H$ò h|.
Q>rH$m : `m àH$ma Ord Amoa BpÝÐ` _| Am`Ho$ n¥pÏd_| AZoH${dY ^mdê$n ^ò
Ego {dîUw (Ÿ^JdmZ²Ÿ)Ho$ JwUZ²H$mo ñdê$n Amoa \$b gy§ {Zê$nU {H$`mo Eg| A~ ObôX_| H$ho ~rg àH$maHo$ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ _wIgy§ {dZHo$ ^mdZ²Hw§$
lr_hmà^wOr Amkm H$ao h|. gmo ObHo$ ôX lw{V_| Omo H$ho h| Vm à_mU JwUHo$ J«hUH$[adodmao lmoVmZ²H$mo `m J«ÝW_| {Zê$nU H$aV h|. gmo nw{ï> VWm _`m©XmHo$
ôXH$mo `m J«ÝW_| dU©Z hmo`dogy§ `mH$mo "ObôX' Zm_ ho. ôXgy§ Xmo àH$maHo$ h|. Vm_| nw{ï>_mJu` lmoVm CÎm_ h| gmo EH$ àH$maHo$ h|; Amoa
_`m©Xm_mJu` _Ü`_ AY_ Amoa CÎm_ Ego ôXgy§ VrZ àH$maHo$ h|. Eg| Hw$b Mma
Ÿ&& B{V lr_X²dëbm^mMm`©Or {da{MV ObôX J«ÝWH$s àH$maHo$ ^ŠVZ²H$mo {Zê$nU H$[adoHo${bò àW_ _w»`nZogy§ nw{ï>_mJu` lmoVmZ²H$mo
{Zê$nU H$aV h|.
Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV
d«O^mfm ^mdmW©Q>rH$m g_mßV ^B© Ÿ&&
lrH¥ $ îUag{d{jßVŸ-Ÿ_mZgm a{Vd{O© V m…Ÿ&&
A{Zd© ¥ V m bmo H $-do X o Vo _w » `m… ldUmo Ë gw H $m…Ÿ&1Ÿ&
lrH¥$îU-ag-{d{jßV-_mZgm…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$- bmoH$-doXoŸ=ŸbmoH$ Amoa doX_|

ag_| {OZH$mo _Z {d{jßV ahVmo- A{Zd©¥Vm…Ÿ=ŸAmZÝXa{hV
hmo` Ego ^ŠV(ŸAÝ`Ì=AÝ` H$hþ§Ÿ) (ŸòŸ=ŸOmoŸ)ldUmoËgwH$m…Ÿ=
Ÿgw{Zdo_-|
ObôX:Ÿ nÄMnÚm{Z Ÿ
351 352
a{Vd{O©Vm…Ÿ=ŸAmgpŠVgy§ a{hV CËgwH$,ŸVoŸ=Ÿdo,Ÿ_w»`m…Ÿ=Ÿ_w»`Ÿh| ^pŠV_mÌH$mo Aml` H$[aHo$ ahV h|, Vo _w»` h|.
^mdmW© : lrH¥$îUH$mo Omo ÔZmZÝXê$n aggm| {OZH$mo _Z {d{jßV hmo` J`mo Vhm§ gÝXoh hmo` Omo _yb_| Vmo ""bmoH$-doX_| A{Zd¥©V h|'' Eg| H${hHo$
ho, Amoa Vmgm| ^JdmZ²Ho$ M[aÌZ²Hw§$ gw{Zdo_| Aàr{Vgy§ d{O©V BVZo àr{Vdmao Amoa ^JdmZ²_| àr{V`wŠV Egmo AW© hmo` ho, ldUm{XH$_| àr{V`wŠV h| Egmo AW© Vmo
bmoH$ VWm doX _| {OZHw§$ AmZÝX àmßV Zmht hmo` ho Ego Omo ldU_| CËgmhdmao Jm¡Uar{Vgy§ Amdo ho Vmgy§ _w»`lmoVmnZmo Ho$g|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m H$[aHo$ H$hV h| Omo
lmoVmOZ h| gmo _w»` h|. ^JdmZ²_| àr{Vdmao h| Vmohþ {d`moJH$mb_| Vmo ldU_|hr CËgmhdmao h|. Š`m| Omo
namoj_| {dZH$mo gÝXoe bm`dodmao_| àr{V Xo{Ido_| AmdV ho, Vmgy§ ldU_| CËgmh
Q>rH$m : BVZo, ^JdmZ²Ho$ M[aÌ Zmht gw{Zdoê$n Omo Aàr{V ho gmo _`m©Xm Amoa ñnï> OmÝ`mo Om` ho. Vmgy§ hr ^«_aJrVHo$ AÜ`m`_| H$ømo ho Omo ""CÕdOrHw§$
nw{ï> Eg| _mJ©Ho$ ôXgy§ Xmo àH$magy§ {Zd¥Îm hmo` ho. Vm_| _`m©Xm_mJ©_| OmHw§$ ldU Xo{IH|$; ò à^wHo$ MaUm{dÝXHo$ Aml`dmao h| Eg| Om{ZH|$ g~ Am{S>gy§ {_bH|$
H$[adoH$s BÀN>m hmo` Amoa lÕm`wŠV hmo` VmHw§$ _hËnwéfH$s godmgm| Amoa {dZHw§$ Koa{bò''. BVZo lmoVmOZ Amn ^JdmZ²Ho$ ag_| _½Z h|, ^JdmZ²Ho$ aggy§
nwÊ`VrW©Ho$ godZgm| é{M CËnÝZ hmo` ho Eg| àW_ñH$ÝY_| H$ømo ho. Amoa {dZH$mo _Z {d{jßV ho, ^JdmZ²Ho$ M[aÌ gw{Zdo_| ghO ^md`wŠV h|, ^JdmZ²Ho$
nw{ï>_mJ©_| Vmo Oog| ^«_aJrV_| d«O^ŠVZ²Zo H$ømo ho Omo ""{dZH$s H$WmH$mo AW© {dà`moJH$s Am{V©H$[a `wŠV h| Amoa ^JdmZ²H$s dmÎmm©Ho$ ldU_mÌ_|hr EH$~w{Õdmao
XwñËÒ ho'' gmo agHo$ ñd^mdgy§ hr ^JdËH$Wm_| ag CËnÝZ hmo` ho. Vmgy§ Omo h| gmo nw{ï>_mJu` lmoVm h|Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
^JËH$Wm_| Aa{VH$[aHo$ d{O©V H$ho h| do nw{ï>_mJu` h| Eg| g_OdoHo${bò ò
bjU H$ømo ho. Eg| nw{ï>_mJu`lmoVmZ²Hw§$ ^JdÀM[aÌHo$ ldU_| Aàr{V Zmht ho Eg| nw{ï>_mJu` ^ŠVZ²H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ _`m©Xm_mJu`Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$aV
Egmo {Zê$nU H$[adoHo${bò bmoH$doX_| BZHw§$ AmZÝX Zmht hmo` ho gmo H$hV h|; h|. Vm_| CÎm_ ~hmoV Xwb©^ ho Vmgy§ _Ü`H$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
Omo àd¥{Îm_mJ©H$mo ~moY H$[adodmao AWdm ^JdmZ² {dZm AmoaH$mo ÔZ ~Vm`dodmao
bmoH$ Amoa doX_| ñdñW Zmht h|. gmo ^JdmZ²Z| CÕdOrHw§$ d«O_| gÝXoe bo`H|$ {dpŠbÝZ_Zgmo ò Vw ^JdV² - ñ_¥ { V{dôdbm:Ÿ&&
nR>mò V~ H$ømo ho Omo ""{OZZo bmoH$Ho$ Y_© N>moS>o h| CZH$mo nmofU _| H$é§ hþ§''.
AW£ H ${Zð> m g² Vo Mm@{n _Ü`_m… ldUmo Ë gw H $m…Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
Vmgy§ `hm§ ""bmoH$doX_| A{Zd¥©Îm'' (ŸbmoH$doXoŸ) Eg| g_ñVnX H$ømo ho gmo
Ë`mÁ`nZo_| (ŸbmoH$doXŸ) Xmo`Z²H$s Vwë`Vm OVm`doHo${bò ho. Vmgy§hr nÄMmÜ`m`r_|
lrJmonrOZ²Zo H$ømo ho Omo ""Xw:IHw§$ Xo`dodmao n{VgwVm{XH$Z²H$[aHo$ H$hm hoŸ?'' VwŸ=ŸAmoa, {dpŠbÝZ_Zg…Ÿ= ldUmoËgwH$m…Ÿ=ŸgwZdo_| CËgmhdmao
Amoa ^«_aJrV_| H$ømo ho Omo ""Xw:IHo$ g_wÐ_| _½Z ^ò d«OH$mo CÕma H$amo''. {deofH$[aHo$ŸH$mo_bŸ_Zdmao(M=Amoa) òŸ=ŸOmo,ŸAW£H${Zð>m…Ÿ=ŸAW©_mÌ_|-
BVZo Xw:IgmJa_| {Z_½Z d«O ho dmH$mo CÕma Amnhr H$amo naÝVw AmnZo CÕ¥V {H$ò ^JdËñ_¥{V{dôdbm…Ÿ=Ÿà^wH$s- {Zð>mdmao,ŸA{nŸ=Ÿhþ, VoŸ=Ÿdo
Ego doXgm| h_ CÕma H$[ado`mo½` Zmht h| Ego A{^àm`gy§ àmW©Zm H$ar ho. Eg| ñ_¥{Vgy§ {dH$b hmoÒmdodmao _Ü`_m…Ÿ=Ÿ_Ü`_
nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ àH$maH$[aHo$ Aàr{VHo$ A^mdnyd©H$ àr{V`wŠV h| Vo _w»` h|.
^mdmW© : {deofH$[aHo$ {OZH$mo AmÐ© _Z ho, ^JdmZ²H$s ñ_¥{Vgm| {dôdb h| Amoa

AWdm "_w»`'eãXH$mo Xygamo A{^àm` H$hV h|Ÿ: _wIê$n Omo nw{ï>_mJu` AW©_| _w»`{Zð>m h| Ego lmoVmOZ _Ü`_ H$ho Om` h|.
^pŠV ho Vm_| do ^ò h|; BVZo ^pŠVê$n Omo ^JdmZ²H$mo _wIma{dÝX ho {VZ_|
g§b½Z Ego, AbH$mdbrnZogy§ H$hrdo_| AmdVo Ego, nw{ï>_mJu` Ord Ho$db
nÄMnÚm{Z Ÿ nÄMnÚm{Z Ÿ
353 254
Q>rH$m : BVZo ^JdmZ²_| namÙ hmo`dogy§ {OZH$mo _Z H$mo_b hmo` gmo "AmÐ©' H$ømo Eg| _Ü`_ lmoVmH$mo {Zê$nU H$[adoHo$ nrN>o AY_ lmoVmZ²H$mo {Zê$nU
Om` ho. Oog| AmÐ© (Ÿ^rÁ`moŸ) dó hmo` gmo gyHo$_| Y[adogy§ gyHo$Hw§$hþ AmÐ© H$aV H$[adoH$mo à`moOZ Zmht ho, VWm{n {^ÝZ ar{Vgy§ {dZH$mo {Zê$nU Zht H$[aHo$
ho Vog| {OZH$mo _Z AnZo gå~ÝYdmao ê$jHw§$hþ AmÐ© H$aV ho gmo ewH$Xod Am{X CÎm_Ho$ {Zê$nU_| hr H$moC Y_©gm| AY_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$[adoHo${bò CÎm_Z²H$mohr
Oogo g_OZ|. _yb_| "ò' H$ømo ho Vmgy§ gd©Ì à{gÕ Ego _`m©Xm_mJu` H$ho h|. àW_ {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
Amoa "Vw' eãXgy§ nw{ï>_mJu`Z²H$mo ì`mdÎm©Z {H$`m ho. {dpŠbÝZ_Z Vmo nw{ï>_mJu`Z²H$mohþ
hmo` ho Vmgy§ nw{ï>_mJu`Z²Ho$ Y_©gy§ {^ÝZ Y_© H$hV h|Ÿ: ^JdmZ²H$s ñ_¥{Vgm| {Z…gpÝX½Y§ H¥ $ îUVÎd§ gd© ^ mdo Z ò {dXw … Ÿ&&
{dôdb h|. BVZo ldUHo$ g_`_| Eoíd`m©{X fS²JwUgånyU© Eg| ^JdmZ²H$s ñ_¥{Vgm|
VÎdmdo e mÎmw {dH$bm {Zamo Y mX² dm Z Mm@Ý`WmŸ&&3Ÿ&&
{dôdb hmo` h|. D$na {bIo Ego Xmo` Y_©H$[aHo$ CÎm_nZmo {dZ_| ^mgV ho. Vmgy§
ñnï>ar{Vgy§ _Ü`_nZmo ~Vm`dodmamo Y_© H$hV h|Ÿ: AW©_|hr _w»` {Zð>mdmao h|. ny U © ^ mdo Z ny U m© W m© … H$Xm{MZ² Z Vw gd© X mŸ&&
BVZo _mojm{X nwéfmW© AWdm AnZr H¥$VmW©Vm hmo` òhr {dZH$mo _w»` à`moOZ AÝ`mgŠVmñVw ò Ho $ {MX² AY_m… n[aH$s{V© V m…Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
ho, dm_|hr {Zð>mdmao h|. _w»`nZogy§ M[aÌ_| {Zð>mdmao ZmhtŸh|. AWm©V² \$bH$s
Anojmdmao h| Vmgy§ _Ü`_ {JZoŸh|. òŸ=ŸOmo, H¥$îUËd§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUê$n VËdHw§$ òŸ=ŸOmo, Ho${MV²Ÿ=ŸH$moB©
{Z…gpÝX½Y§Ÿ=ŸgÝXoh a{hV H$Xm{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$~hþH$
A~ H$hV h| Omo Ego lmoVmhr hmo` Zmht. Š`m| Omo lmoVmZ²H$m| AW©_| VmËn`© gd©^mdoZŸ=Ÿg~ ^mdgy§,Ÿ{dXw…Ÿ=ŸOmZo nyU©^mdoZŸ=ŸnyU©^mdgy§
hmo` Zmht. Egr Ame‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo ldUgy§ gmÜ` Egmo Omo \$b Vm_| Vo VwŸ=ŸdoŸVmo, AmdoemV²Ÿ=ŸAmdoegy§ nyUm©Wm©…Ÿ=ŸnyU© AW©dmao,ŸVwŸ=ŸVmo
BZH$mo VmËn`© ho. _mojm{X \$b_| VmËn`©dmao h| Vmohþ ^JdmZ²Ho$ M[aÌ_| CËH§$R>mdmao
dmŸ=ŸAWdm,Ÿ{ZamoYmV²Ÿ=Ÿ{ZamoYgy§ gd©XmŸ=Ÿh_|em, ZŸ=ŸZmht
h| Vmgy§ _Ü`_nZmo ho. Oog| nar{jVm{XH$Z²Hw§$ Xygao H$aV| nyqnU© d¡am½` hmo`dogy§
CÎm_nZmo ho VWm{n Cnm{YghrV àd¥{Îm hmo`dogy§ {dXwa VWm CÕdm{XH$H$s Anojmgy§ {dH$bm…Ÿ=Ÿ{dH$b, MŸ=ŸnaÝVw (qH$M=Amoa)AÝ`mgŠVm…Ÿ=ŸAÝ`H$hþ§
_Ü`_nZmo ho. Vmgy§hr J“mOr_| nar{jVZo àm`mondoe {H$`mo gmo VrW©Ho$ H$maUgy§ AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa Vahgw§ AmgŠV, VoŸ=Ÿdo,ŸAY_m…Ÿ=ŸhrZ
{H$`mo ho. `{X dmHo$ _Z_| VrW©H$s Anojm Zmht hmoVr Vmo ^JdmZ²H$mo M[aÌ, Xygao ZŸ=ŸZht, VwŸ=ŸAmoa n[aH$s{V©Vm…Ÿ=ŸH$ho Om§` h|
gmYZH$s Anojm Zmht am{IHo$, Ohm§ ~oR>Ho$ ldU H$ao Vhm§ \$bHw§$ {gÕ
H$[adodmamo ho. Š`m|, Omo ^JdmZ²Hw§$ Oog| VrW©H$s Anojm Zmht ho Vog| CZHo$ ^mdmW© : gÝXoh a{hV Omo lrH¥$îUê$n VËdHw§$ gd©^mdgm| Omo Om{Zdodmao h| do
M[aÌHw§$hþ Zmht ho. Amoa {dXwaOr Vmo M[aÌ gw{ZdoHo${bò Ohm§ _¡ÌoÒr hVo dhm§ Amdoegy§ AWdm {ZamoYgy§ hr {dH$b hmo` h|. Amoa nyU©^mdgm| nyU©AW©dmao H$~hþ§H$
Jò h|; BVZo dŠVmHo$ gpÝZYmZ Om`doH$mo CX²Xoe hVmo, J“mOrn| Om`doH$mo hr hmo` h|, gd©Xm Zmht hm|` h|. Amoa AÝ`_| Am{gŠVdmao h| do AY_ H$ho h|.
CX²Xoe Zmht hVmo, Vmgy§ CÎm_nZmo ho. nar{jV² Amoa {dXwaOr XmoCZ²H$mo _`m©XmnZmo
Vmo g_mZ ho VWm{n _`m©Xm_mJ©_| {OVZr ew{Õ hmo` {VVZr \$b_| {deofVm hmo`;
Vmgy§ {dXwaOr_| VrWm©Q>Z Amoa gËg“ gy§ ldUH$mo A{YH$ma {gÕ ^`mo ho Amoa Q>rH$m : BVZ| gXmZÝX lrH¥$îUHo$ ñdê$nHw§$Ÿ- AWm©V² agmË_H$ H$anmXm{X`wŠV,
nar{jV_| Vmo ñnï>hr ho. Vmgy§hr {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr_| _`m©Xm_mJuZ²Hw§$ J“mOrHo$ gmH$ma Amoa _m`mHw§$ Xya H$[aHo$ àH$Q> ^`mo ho Egmo emó Amoa AZw^d gm|
VQ>no lr^mJdV_| VËna hmo`Ho$ ahrdoH$s Amkm H$ar hoŸ&&2Ÿ&& g§Xoha{hV hmo`H|$ Oogmo ho Vogmo -ŸOm{Zdodmao ldUHo$ CÎm_m{YH$mar h|.
355 356
`hm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo Ego ÑT> kmZdmaoZ²Hw§$ ldU H$[adoH$s Anojm Z aho Vmgy§ nw{ï>_mJu` Oog| à^w_|hr {Zð>mdmao h| Eg| dohþ h|Ÿ! Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|
CZHw§$ lmoVmnZmo Ho$g|Ÿ? Egr e‘>mHo$ {ZamH$aU_| H$ho h| Omo do kmZdmaohþ O~ Omo CZH$mo Egmo ^md gd©Xm Zmht aho ho {H$ÝVw H$moC ~IV hr aho ho. BVZ| O~
kmZgm| öX`_| ^JdXmdoe hmo` V~ {dH$b hmo` Om` h|. V~ ""h_ Om{ZZodmao ^JdX²JwUH$mo ldU H$a| V~hr {ZamoY hmo`H|$ à^w{Zð> hmo` Om` h|. Amoa
h|'' Egr ñ\y${Îm© {dZHw§w$ hmo` Zmht ho. V~ ldU H$[adoH$s CZHw§$ `mo½`Vm {gÕ nw{ï>_mJu` Vmo gXmhr ^JdpÝZð> hmo`dogy§ g~Z²gy§ Ý`maohr h|. Vmgy§hr ewH$m{XH$Z²Hw§$
hmo` ho. Vmgy§hr lr^mJdVHo$ àW_ñH$ÝY_| H$ømo ho Omo ""gVV ^JdX²^ŠV gd©Xm brbmZwgÝYmZ Zmht ho. Omo hmo` Vmo ""_WwamOrgy§ d«O à{V Jò'' Eg|
{OZHw§$ {à` h| Amoa à^wHo$ JwUZ²Z| {OZH$s _{VH$mo AmH$f©U {H$`mo ho Ego VQ>ñW ahrH|$ H$WZ Ag“V hmo`. nw{ï>_mJu`Z²Ho$ ^mdH$mo gmd©{XH$nZmo Vmo
lrewH$XodOr lr^mJdVê$n Am»`mZ nT>o''. Vmgm| Eg| nyU©kmZdmaoZ²Hw§$hþ ldUH$s EH$mXeñH$ÝY_| à^wZohr H$ømo ho Omo ""_oao {dfohr {OZH$s AZwf“H$[aHo$ ~w{Õ
`mo½`Vm H$hr ho. _yb_| "Vw'eãX H$ømo ho Vmgy§ agmdoedmaoZ²Hw§$ Cna H$ho à_mU ~§YmB© ho Ego lrJmonrOZ AnZmo AmË_m, `h OJV² Amoa nabmoH$ CZ g~Z²Hw§$ Z
_{V{djon Zht hmo` ho Eg| H$ømo ho. Š`m| Omo CZHw§$ Vmo {ZaÝVa agmdoe a{hdogy§ OmZ| Oog| g_m{Y_| _w{ZOZ Amoa g_wÐHo$ Ob_| Oog| Z{X`| AnZmo Zm_Ÿ-Ÿê$n
kmZ H$~hþ Zht hmo` ho. Š`m| Omo kmZ ho gmo agHo$ CX`H$mo à{V~§YH$ ho. Vmgy§hr N>mo{‹S>H|$ àdoe H$ao h| Vog|''. `hm§ ZXrHo$ Ñï>mÝVgm| g_wÐ_| àdoe H$[adodmar ZXr
gd©ì`mnH$ Amoa AnZo öX`_| {~am{Ododmao à^yZ²H$mo emoY H$[adoH$s àd¥{Îm hmo` nyd©ê$nHw§$ H$^r àmßV Zmht hmo` ho Amoa ñdê$ngy§ aho ho Vmohþ ôXgy§ H$WZ Zmht
ho. gmohr ~mV {gÕkmZdmao lrewH$XodOrZ| lr^mJdVHo$ Xe_ñH$ÝYHo$ \$bàH$aU_| hmo` ho; Vmgy§hr nw{ï>_mJu`Z²Ho$ {dfo ^Jd{XVa ñ\y${Îm©Ho$ A^mddmamo ^md,
H$hr ho. Vmgy§hr lr{Q>ßnUrOr_| lrJwgm§B©OrZ| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""~{h_w©IZ²Hw§$ ^JdXr`nZmo Amoa ^JdmZ²_| AmoVàmoV hmo`H|$ ahZmo ho. Amoa _`m©Xm_mJ©_| Vmo
AmH$meH$sgr Zm§B© gd©Ì ì`mßV h| Egmo à^wH$mo kmZ hmo` ho. Amoa ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ Vmo ldUm{XH$gy§ ^JdXr`nZmo ho Vmgy§ nw{ï>_mJu` Amoa _`m©Xm_mJu` _| ~hmoV ôX
~m{ha àH$Q> à^wH$mohr AmZÝX Ano{jV hmo` ho''. Vmgy§ EH$mXeñH$ÝY_| lr^JdmZ²Z| ho; Vmgy§ {deof H$hm H$hZmoŸ?
Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""kmZ-d¡am½` ~hmoVH$[aHo$ ^ŠVHo$ lo`gmYH$ Zmht h|''.
Eg| ~{h…g§doXZHo$ A^mdH$s Xem_| _`m©Xm_mJu` CÎm_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU
`hm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo ^JdXmdoe_| Vmo ^JdmZ²H$s Zm§B© gd©knZmo hmoZmo `mo½` H$[aHo$; ~hr…g§doXZmnÝZH$mo {Zê$nU H$[adoHo${bò, ~hr…g§doXZHo$ àg“gy§,
ho, V~ CZHw§$ {dH$bVm Ho$g| hmo`, Omgy§ ldUm{XH$_| àd¥{Îm hmo` hoŸŸ? Egr e‘>m AY_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: Omo {H$VZoH$ AÝ`mgŠV BVZ| ~«m÷UËd, j{Ì`Ëd
H$[aHo$ H$ho h| Omo CZHw§$ à^wHo$ JwUH$[aHo$ {ZamoY hmo` ho. ànÄMHo$ {dñ_aU nyd©H$ Am{Xgm| CËH$fm©nH$f©`wŠV Amoa J¥hm{XH$_| AmgŠV BVZ| d¥{Îm gånmXZHo${bò
à^w_| Omo AmgpŠV dmHw§$ "{ZamoY' H$hV h|. gmo Ho$db JwUldUgy§hr hmo` ho. Vmgy§ AWdm bmoH$Hw§$ gwZm`doHo${bò ldU H$[adodmaoZ²Hw§$ ObôX_| ""joÌà{dï>mñVoMm{n
{ZamoYgm| d¡H$ë` hmo` Om` ho Amoa ar{Vgy§ Zmht hmo` ho. Eg| lmoVmnZoH$mo CnnmXZ g§gmamoËn{ÎmhoVd…'' `m íbmoH$_| H$øo ^mddmao "AY_' H$ho h|. _yb_| "Vw'eãX
H$[aHo$ CZHw§$ H$Xm{MV² _mojm{XH$ AW©_| {Zð>m hmo` V~, AW©_| {Zð>m hmo` gmo Vmo H${hdoH$mo `h A{^àm` ho Omo à^wH$s godm H$[adoHo${bò Omo Ka_| AmgŠVŸhm|`
_Ü`__| {JÝò Om§` Vmgy§ _Ü`_nZoH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò A~ H$hV h| Omo gd©Ì nyU© gmo AY_ Zmht h|. CZH$m|Vmo nw{ï>_mJu` _mojê$nnZogy§ CÎm_nZmo hoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
Egmo Omo ^JdX²^md (Ÿ^JdXmdoe Amoa {ZamoYgy§ ^`mo ^JdmZ²H$mo kmZŸ) BVZo Eg| _Ü`_| AY_Z²H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ A~ ~hr…g§doXZ XemHo$ {dfohþ {OZH$mo
gd©Ì ^JdmZ²H$s ñ\y${Îm©, VmH$[aHo$hr OmHo$ g~ AW© g_mßV ^ò h|, Vmgy§ Amoa AÝ`Ì _Z Zmht ho Ego CÎm_Z²H$mo {Zê$nUŸH$aVŸh|Ÿ:
ñdmW© CZHw§$ Zmht ho Vmgy§hr (ŸñdmW©{Zð>mHo$ A^mdgy§hrŸ) CZH$mo _Ü`_nZmo Zmht
ho {H$ÝVw CÎm_nZmohr ho. Š`m| Omo EH$ ^JdmZ²_|hr {Zð>mdmao h|.
AZÝ`_Zgmo _Ë`m© CÎm_m… ldUm{Xfw Ÿ &&
Xo e -H$mb-Ðì`-H$V¥ © - _ÝÌ-H$_© - àH$maV…Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&&&
O~ Eg| ^`mo V~ Vmo nw{ï>_mJu`Z²gy§ {dZ_| OwXmB© Z ^B©. Š`m| Omo
B{V lr_Ûëb^mMm`© { da{MV nÄMnÚm{Z g_mßVm Ÿ&&
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(ŸòŸ=ŸOmoŸ)_Ë`m©…Ÿ=Ÿ_aUerb ldUm{XfwŸ=ŸldU Am{X_| && g³`³ mg{ZU©`: Ÿ&&
Xoe-H$mb-Ðì`-H$V©¥-_ÝÌ-H$_©-àH$maŸ=ñWmZ AZÝ`_Zg…Ÿ=ŸÑT> _Zdmao h| (19)
H$mb Ðì` H$Vm© _ÝÌ Amoa H$_©Ho$ àH$magy§ VoŸ=Ÿdo, CÎm_m…Ÿ=ŸCÎm_ h| Q>rH$m : níMmÎmmnH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò n[aË`mJH$mo {dMma {H$`mo Om` ho. `hm§
^pŠV_mJu` Omo n[aË`mJ ho Vmgy§ Xygao gd©nXmW©Z²H$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ Ë`mJ H$aZmo.
^mdmW© : Xoe, H$mb, Ðì`, H$V©¥, _ÝÌ Amoa H$_© Ho$ àH$magy§ Omo AZÝ` _Zdmao Egmo {dMma {H$ò {~Zm n[aË`mJ {H$`mo hmo` Vmgy§ Omo níMmÎmmn hmo` VmH$s
h| gmo ldUm{XH$_| CÎm_ h|. {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò ^pŠV_mJu`Ÿ-Ÿn[aË`mJHo$ {dMmaH$mo àmaå^ H$aV h|, Eg| H$moC
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gd©Ì ~hmaHo$ nXmW©Z²H$mo kmZ hmo` V~hþ à^w {gdm` AÝ`Ì H$hV h|.
{OZH$mo _Z Z hmo` do "AZÝ`' H$ho Om` h|. Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo à^w {gdm`
AÝ`Ì {OZH$mo _Z Zmht ho {VZHw§$ AÝV…g§doXZ_| {deof H$hmŸ? Egr Ame‘>m Xygao Eg| H$hV h| Omo H$_©_mJu`Z²Hw§$ d¥ÕnZmo hmo` Vmohþ g§gmagy§ d¡am½`
H$[aHo$ AZÝ`{MÎmnZo_| àH$maôX H$hV h| Omo Xoe, H$mb, Ðì`, H$Vm©, _ÝÌ Amoa hmo`doH$mo gå^d hmo` Zmht ho, Vmgy§ Ego H$_©_mJu`Z²Ho$ g“H$[aHo$ H$Xm{MV²
H$_© BVZo àH$magy§ AZÝ`_Zdmao M{h`|. BVZo AÝV…g§doXZ_| ^JdÐyngy§hr ^JdXr`hþ Eg| Z hmo` Om§` VmHo$ gwIê$n OmH$mo Cnm` ho Ego g³³`mgHo$
Xoem{XH$Z²H$s ñ\y${Îm© hmo` ho, Xoem{XH$nZogy§ Zmht hmo` ho. Š`m| Omo Ho$db {Zê$nUH$s à{Vkm hoŸ- Eg| H${hHo$, eara AeŠV hmo` V~ nyd©XemH$mo ñ_aU
^JdXmH$ma AÝV…H$aU ^`mo hmo` V~ gd©Ì AmdaUH$mo Zme hmo` Om` ho. Amoa H$[aHo$ dmHo$ _Z_| Egmo {dMma hmo` Omo _oZ| àW_V|hr ^JdmZ²Ho${bò Š`m| `ËZ
~m{haHo$ nXmW©H$mo kmZ hmo` V~ Vmo ò Xoem{XH$ g~ ^JdÐyn h| Egr ñ\y${Îm© hmo` Z {H$`moŸ? Egmo Omo ^JdXr`Z²Hw§$ Vmn hmo` gmohr `hm§ "níMmÎmmn' eãXgy§ H$ømo
ho. Vm_| Xoem{XH$Z²_| ^mdZm_mÌgm| ^JdX²~w{Õ hmo` ho. AWm©V² AÝV…g§doXZ_| Om` ho.
Xoem{XH$Z²H$s ñ\y${V©hr Zmht hmo` ho Amoa ~hr…g§doXZ_| Xoem{XH$Z²H$s ñ\y${Îm©Ho$
g“ ^JX²~w{Õ hmo` BVZmo AÝV…g§doXZ_| {deof ho.
{H$VZoH$ Ego H$ho h| Omo ^pŠV Amoa kmZ _mJ©_| gmYZXem_| Amoa
{gÕXem_| H$V©ì`nZogy§ n[aË`mJ H$ømo ho. Vm_| gmYZXem_| nyU© d¡am½` Zmht
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo AÝV…g§doXZ_| à^wnZogy§ Xoem{XH$Z²_| ñ\y${Îm© hmo` Amoa hmo`dogy§ AmN>r ^m§{V n[aË`mJH$mo gå^d Zmht ho, Vmgy§ nmfpÊS>nZoHo$ àg“H$[aHo$
~hr…g§doXZ_| Xoem{XH$Z²H$s ñ\y${Îm©_| ^mdZm_mÌH$s ~w{Õ aho, BVZmo VmaVå` Š`m| níMmVmnHo${bòhr `h n[aË`mJ hmo` Egmo VmaVå` Zmht OmZVo hm|` Ego
aho hoŸ? AÝV…g§doXZ Amoa ~hr…g§doXZ _| AÝV…H$aUH$mo ñdê$n Vmo EH$ hr hoŸ! ^JdXr`hþ àW_ n[aË`mJ H$[aHo$ nrN>o Vmn`wŠV hm|`. Vog| Ego VËna ^JdXr`Z²Hw§$
Egr e‘>m H$[aHo$ H$hV h| Omo ò _Ë`© h| Vmgy§ Eg| hmo` ho. AÝV…g§doXZ_| Xo{IH|$ lrAmMm`©MaU níMmÎmmnHw§$ àmßV hm|` Eg| XmoC àH$maH$mo níMmÎmmn
^mdZmH$[aHo$ ^JdÐynhr hmo` Om`dogy§ AÝ`ñ\y${Îm© Zmht aho ho. Amoa ~hr…g§doXZ_| Zmht hmo`doHo${bò `h à{Vkm ho.
Vmo _Ë`©nZogy§ Xoem{XH$Z²H$s ñ\y${Îm© ahrdogy§ emóH$[aHo$ CZ_| ^JdX²~w{Õ aho ho.
Eg| Omo hmo` gmo _`m©Xm_mJ©_| ldUm{XH$Z²_| Amoa H$sV©Z à^¥VrZ²_| CÎm_ h|Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
{H$VZoH$ Eg| H$hV h| Omo {Z~ÝY_| AmMm`©MaUZ²Z| {ÌXÊS> YmaU H$[adoH$s
Amkm H$ar ho gmo ~m§{MHo$ nw{ï>_mJu` Ordhþ g³³`mgml_nZogy§ {ÌXÊS>H$mo J«hU
Ÿ&& B{V lr_Ûëb^mMm`©{da{MV nÄMnÚZ²H$s H$[aHo$ níMmÎmmnHw§$ àmßV hmo` VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò nw{ï>_mJu` g³³`mgHo$ {dMmaH$mo
Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbOr_hmamO H¥$Vm Amaå^ H$aV h|.
d«O^mfmQ>rH$m g_mßV ^B© Ÿ&&
nÄMnÚm{Z Ÿ g³³`mg{ZU©`:
359 360
{H$VZoH$ Vmo Eg| H$hV h| Omo lw{Và^¥{V à_mUH$[aHo$ {gÕ Ego agmË_H$ n[aË`mJ…Ÿ=ŸgånyU© Ë`mJ, {dMm`©Vo Ÿ=Ÿ{~MmaV h|
Omo ^JdmZ² VmH$mo {dahmË_H$ ^mdH$mo Omo AZw^d gmo gdm©Ë_^mdH$[aHo$ eaUmJ{V
hmo` V~hr àmßV hmo` gmo gd©n[aË`mJ {~Zm hmo` Zmht Egmo Ë`mJH$mo ñdê$n Zmht ^mdmW© : níMmÎmmnH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò Omo n[aË`mJ ho VmH$mo {dMma {H$`mo Om`
Om{Zdodmao Omo nw{ï>_mJu` Ord h| {VZHw§$ kmZm{XH$ _mJ©Z²_|hþ n[aË`mJ H$ømo ho. ho.
Vmgy§ g§Xho `wŠV hm|` {dZHw$§ {dZm{dMmagy§ n[aË`mJ ^`mo hmo` gmo níMmÎmmnHo${bòhr
hmo`, VmHo$ A^mdHo${bò {dMmaH$mo Amaå^ hoŸ- Eg| H$hV h|.
Q>rH$m : AW lrAmMm`©MaU g³³`mg{ZU©`J«ÝWH$mo àmaå^ H$aV h|. `hm§ {dMmaH$mo
{b»`mo ho Vmgy§ {d{Y-{ZfoY Zmht ho. `{X {dYmZH$s Amkm H$aVo Vmo {d{Y-
Amo a lrnw é fmo Î m_Or _hmamOZo Vmo Egmo A{^àm` H$ømo ho Omo {ZfoYgy§ g~Z²Hw§$ H$V©ì`nZmo AmdVmo Vmgy§ {dYmZ²H$s Zmht H$[aHo$ {dMmaH$s Amkm
AÝV…H$aUà~moY_| Omo "níMmÎmmn' Amoa "n[aË`mJ' nXH$mo boI ho gmo Om H$ar ho.
A{^àm`gy§ ho gmohr A{^àm` `hm§ boZmo Mm{hò. gmo A{^àm` Egmo Xrgo ho Omo
à^yZ²Z| Xoh Amoa Xoe Ho$ n[aË`mJ {df`H$ O~ lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Hw§$ Amkm H$ar
V~ nwa:ñ\y${V©H$ {dMmaH$[aHo$ lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Z| O~ dmH$mo nmbZ Zmht {H$`mo. ñdê$ngy§, gmYZgy§ Amoa \$bgy§ ^pŠV_mJu` g³³`mg VWm AÝ`_mJu`
V~ AmnHw§$ níMmÎmmn ^`mo. V~ bmoH$Ë`mJ {df`H$ Vrgar Amkm ^B© Vm g_` g³³`mg n¥WŠV`m Om{Zdo_| Amdo Vmo AÝ`_mJu` Ë`mJH$mo ñdê$n VWm `hm§ OmH$mo
Amn {dMma H$aV h| Omo ^JdmZ² _oar Cna àgÝZ h| qH$dm AàgÝZ h|Ÿ? Omo {dMma hmo` ho VmH$mo VmaVå` OmÝ`mo Om` VmHo${bò àW_ AÝ`_mJu` Ë`mJHw§$
AàgÝZ hm|` Vmo _oar Cnojmhr H$a|, naÝVw Amkm Zmht H$a|. Amoa `hm§ Vmo Vrgar H$hV h|Ÿ:
Amkm ^B© Vmgy§ àgÝZ h| Egmo Vmo {ZíM` hmo` ho. naÝVw àW_ Xmo` AmkmH$mo
Cëb§KZ {H$ògy§hþ àgÝZ a{hdoH$mo H$hm H$maU hmo`JmoŸ? Egmo {dMma H$[ado bJo g _mJ© { ÛVò àmo Š Vmo ^ŠVm¡ kmZo {deo f V…Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
V~ lr^mJdV²H$s gyú_Q>rH$mH$s {Zd¥{Îm ^B©, Vmgy§ XmZê$nŸ-ŸXoeË`mJ Amoa
_mYd^Å> H$mí_rarH$s Xoh{Zd¥{Îmgy§ d¥{Õê$nŸ-ŸXohË`mJ à^yZ²Z|hr H$adm`mo ho. g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo kmZoŸ=ŸkmZ_| (ŸB{VŸ=ŸEg|Ÿ)
Vmgy§ àW_H$s XmoC Amkm à^wZ²Z|hr {gÕ H$ar XrZr ho. Vog| Vrgar AmkmH$mo
{deofV…Ÿ=Ÿ{deofH$[aHo$ _mJ©{ÛVòŸ=ŸXmo _mJ©_|
A{^àm`hþ Om{Zdo_| Zmht AmdV ho Egmo {ZíM` H$[aHo$, `Ú{n Xmo` Amkm
{gÕ^B© ho VWm{n à^yZ²Z| {gÕ H$ar ho H$Nw> AmnZo Zmht H$ar, Vmgy§ Omo níMmVmn ^ŠVm¡Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV_| (ŸMŸ=ŸAmoaŸ) àmoŠV…Ÿ=ŸH$ømo ho
^`mo ho VmH$s {Zd¥{Îm Ho$g| hmo`Ÿ? Egmo {dMma H$[aHo$ Vrgar Amkm H$hm
{df`H$s hoŸ? Ego {dMmagy§hr àW_H$s Xmo` Amkm Zmht H$[adoH$mo níMmÎmmn ^mdmW© : gmo Ë`mJ ^pŠV_mJ©_| Amoa kmZ_mJ©_| {deofH$[aHo$ Eg| Xmo` _mJ©Z²_|
^JdmZ² {Zd¥Îm H$a|Jo Egmo {ZíM` H$[aHo$ AnZr AdñWmHo$ gyMZ nyd©H$ n[aË`mJHo$ H$ømo ho.
{Zê$nUH$s à{Vkm H$aV h| :
Q>rH$m : {deofgy§ Ë`mJ, nw{ï>_mJ©_| amg_ÊS>b_ÊS>Z^yV Omo d«O^ŠV h| {dZZ|hr
níMmÎmmn-{Zd¥Î`Wª n[aË`mJmo {dMm`©VoŸ&& H$`m} ho. Vmgy§ ""g~ {df`Z²Hw§$ N>mo{S>H|$ h_ AmnHo$ MaUma{dÝXHo$ _ybà{V àmßV
^ò h|'' Eg| \$bàH$aUHo$ àW_mÜ`m`_| d«O^ŠVZ²Z| H$ømo ho. Amoa {dZH$s
níMmÎmmn-{Zd¥Î`WªŸ=ŸníMmÎmmn Xy[a H$[adoHo$ AW© brbm_|hr MVwWm©Ü`m`_| d«O^ŠVZ² à{V à^yZ²Z| H$ømo ho Omo ""_oao{bòhr bmoH$
g³³`mg{ZU©`: g³³`mg{ZU©`:
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doX Amoa gå~ÝYrZ² H$mo Vw_Zo Ë`mJ {H$`mo ho'' dhm§ {deofgy§ Ë`mJ H$ømo ho. H$Îm©ì`àH$maH$mo {dMma H$aV h|.
Vog|hr kmZ_mJ©_|hþ n[aË`mJ {deof(Ÿê$nŸ)gy§ H$ømo ho. Vm_| EH$ {d{d{Xfm- ^pŠV Amoa kmZ Eg| Xmo` _mJ©_| H$Îm©ì`Vm H$hr ho. Vm_| àW_íbmoH$_|
g³³`mg Amoa EH$ {dÛV²-g³³`mg Ego ôXgy§ kmZ_mJ©Ho$ emó_| {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. àW_ ^pŠV_mJ©_| H$Îm©ì`Vm H$hr ho Vmgy§ VmH$mo {dMma H$aV h|. BVZ|, (Ÿn[aË`mJŸ)
Vmgy§ "{deofV…' Eg| H$ømo hoŸ&&1Ÿ&& H$~ H$aZmoŸ? Ho$g| H$aZmoŸ! Amoa Š`m| H$aZmoŸ? VmH$mo {dMma H$aV h|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
kmZ, H$_© Amoa ^pŠV Eg| VrZ _mJ© EH$mXeñH$ÝY_| ^JdmZ²Z| H$ë`mU ^pŠV_mJ©_| ldUm{XŸ-ŸgmYZZ²H$s {g{ÕHo${bò H$V©ì`Ho$ njH$mo {ZamH$aU
H$[adodmao H$ho h| Vm_o H$_©_mJ©hþ {JÝ`mo ho. Vmgy§ H$_©_mJ©_|hþ n[aË`mJH$s àmpßV H$aV h|Ÿ:
hmo` ho Egr Ame‘>m H$[aHo$ VmH$mo {ZfoY H$aV h|Ÿ:
ldUm{Xà{gÕçWª H$V© ì `íMo V ² g Zo î `Vo Ÿ &&
H$_© _ mJ} Z H$V© ì `… gw V am§ H${bH$mbV…Ÿ&& ghm`-g“gmÜ`ËdmV² gmYZmZm§ M ajUmV² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
AV AmXm¡ ^pŠV_mJ} H$V© ì `ËdmX² {dMmaUmŸ&&2Ÿ&& A{^_mZmZ² {Z`mo J mÀM VÕ_£ í M {damo Y V…Ÿ&&
J¥ h mXo a ² ~mYH$Ëdo Z gmYZmWª VWm `{XŸ&&4Ÿ&&
H$_©_mJ}Ÿ=ŸH$_©_mJ©_| AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`m H$maUgy§ AJ« o @ {n VmÑe¡ a o d g“mo ^d{V ZmÝ`WmŸ&&
H${bH$mbV…Ÿ=ŸH${bH$mbŸhmo`dogy§ ^pŠV_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©_| ñd`§ M {df`mH« $ mÝV… nmfÊS>r ñ`mÎmw H$mbV…Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
gwVam§Ÿ=Ÿ{deof H$[aHo$ AmXm¡Ÿ=Ÿàaå^_|
ZŸ=ŸZmht H$V©ì`ËdmV²Ÿ=ŸH$[ado`mo½` hmo`dogy§ ldUm{Xà{gÕçWªŸ=ŸldU Am{X H$V©ì`…Ÿ=ŸH$[ado `mo½` hoŸ)
H$V©ì`…Ÿ=ŸH$[ado `mo½` ho {dMmaUmŸ=Ÿ{dMmaŸ({H«$`VoŸ=ŸH$aoŸh|) Am{N>^m§{Vgm| hmogHo$ VXW© J¥hmXo…Ÿ=ŸKa Am{XHo$
g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo, H$V©ì`…Ÿ=ŸH$[ado ~mYH$ËdoZŸ=Ÿ~mYH$ hmo`dog
^mdmW© : H${bH$mb hmo`dogy§ H$_©_mJ©_| Vmo n[aË`mJ H$Îm©ì` Zmht ho. A~ Xmo` `mo½`ŸhoŸ(Egmo), MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X `{XŸ=ŸOmo,ŸgmYZmWªŸ=ŸgmYZHo$ŸAW©
_mJ© aho, Vm_| àW_ ^pŠV_mJ©_| H$Îm©ì`nZmo hmo`dogy§ VmH$mo {dMma hmo` ho. (CÀ`VoŸ=ŸH$hmo), ZŸ=ŸZmht (g…Ÿ=ŸdmoŸg³³`mg;ŸV{h©Ÿ=ŸVmo)
Bî`VoŸ=ŸBÀN>doŸ`mo½`Ÿho(ŸŠ`m|Ÿ?) VWmŸ=Ÿdm à_mU(ŸZ H$V©ì`…Ÿ`V…Ÿ=ŸZ
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, H$_©_mJ©_| `mdÁOrdZ Ap½ZhmoÌ H$[adoH$mo {d{Y hmo`dogy§ g³³`mg ghm`-g“gmÜ`ËdmV²Ÿ=Ÿghm`Vm H$aZmo,ŸŠ`m|Ho$)AJ«oŸ=ŸAmJo,
J«hUH$[adoH$mo g_` Zmht AmdV ho. `Ú{n ""Am`wî`H$mo MVwW©^mJ g³³`mgml_
Amoa g“ gmo {gÕ hmo`dodmamo hmo`dog§y A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, VmÑe¡…Ÿ=ŸdogoZ²H$mo
H$[aHo$ ì`VrV H$aZm|'' Eg| H$moC ñWb_| H$ømo ho, VWm{n H${bXmofH$[aHo$
_Zwî`Z²H$mo Aëngm_Ï`© hmo`dogy§ Amoa MVwW©^mJ Am`wî`H$mo A{VOamì`mßV M=Amoa,gmYZmZm§=gmYZmZ²Ho$ EdŸ=Ÿhr, g“:Ÿ=Ÿg“
hmo`dogy§ Aml_Y_© A{VH$ï>gy§hþ {gÕ hmoB© gHo$ Zmht. Vmgy§ {dnarV\$bgmYH$nZmo ajUmV²Ÿ=ajUgy§Ÿ ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho
hmo`. Eg| kmZ_mJ©_| H$Îm©ì`Vm Amoa H$_©_mJ©_| AH$V©ì`Vm OVm`H|$ ^pŠV_mJ©_| M=Amoa AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa àH$maHo$Z²H$mo
366 364
A{^_mZmV²=A{^_mZ²Ho$ H$maU ZŸ=ŸZmht, VwŸ=ŸAmoa h|. Vmgy§ _r_m§gH$Z²Ho$ _V_| Vmo ldUm{XH$ ho hr Zmht.
(Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m Vahgy§Ÿ) H$mbV…Ÿ=ŸH$mbgm|
VÕ_£…Ÿ=Ÿdm Y_©Z²gm| {df`H«$mÝV…Ÿ=Ÿ{df`_| AmgŠV -ŸEg| {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ _VdmaoZ²H$mo g“ hmo`dogy§ ^pŠV_mJu` ldU {gÕ hmo`
{damoYV…Ÿ=Ÿ{damoY hmo`dogy§ ñd`§Ÿ=ŸIwX, MŸ=Ÿhþ Zmht.
(gŸ=Ÿdmo; ZŸ=ŸZmht; nmfÊS>rŸ=ŸnmIÊS>r, ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
Amoa emó{d{hV g³³`mg Aml_H$mo A“rH$ma H$[aHo$ ^pŠVHo$ AW© n[aË`mJ
^mdmW© : ldUm{XH$Z²H$s àd¥{ÎmHo${bò Ë`mJ H$aZmo Egmo nj hmo` Vmo gmo nj H$ao V~ Vmo g³³`mg Aml_Ho$ Y_©Z²H$mo nmbZ Amdí`H$ hmo` Om`. V~ Vmo dm_|hr
`mo½` Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo ldUm{XZ²H$s {g{Õ ghm` Amoa g“ gy§ hmoV ho. Amoa Ë`mJ gd©H$mb ì`Vr` hmo` Om`. BVZ| ldUm{XH$ H$[adoH$mo g_`hr {_bo Zmht. Vog|
(Ÿg³³`mgŸ)_| Vmo dmHo$ gmYZ amIZo M{hò, Vmgy§ ldUm{XH$Z²Ho$ gmYZ hmo` gHo$ g³³`mgml_ g~Z²_| AmXaUr` ho. Vmgm| AnZo_| loð>VmH$mo A{^_mZ hmo`, gmohþ
Zmht. Aml_H$s CÎm_VmH$mo A{^_mZ hmo` Amoa g³³`mgHo$ Y_©Z²gm| ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ ^pŠV_mJ©gy§ {damoYr ho. Vog|hr g³³`mgml_ emóH$s AmkmHo$ AmYrZ ho. Amoa
ldUHo$ Y_©H$mo {damoY hþ ho, Vmgy§ ldUm{XH$ hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Amoa J¥hm{XH$Ho$ g³`³ mgHo$ Y_© VWm ^pŠV_mJu` ldUHo$ Y_©Z_² | nañna {damoY ho. Vmg§y ldUm{XH$Z²H$s
dmYH$nZogy§ gmYZHo${bò n[aË`mJ H$aZm| Eg| Omo hmo` Vmo Ë`mJ {H$ò nrN>ohþ {g{ÕHo${bò g³³`mg H$aZmo ò nj `mo½` Zmht ho.
EgoZ²H$mohr g“ hmo`, XygaoZ²H$mo hmo` Zmht. Amoa Amn H$mbgy§ nmfÊS>r hmo`.
H$Xm{MV² ^pŠV_mJu` ldUm{XH$Ho$ ñdê$nHw§$ Omo OmZVmo hmo` VmHw§$
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, ""Omo Ë`mJr hmo` gmo AHo$bmo {Z…g“ emÝV hmo`Ho$ {\$ao'' Egmo J¥hpñW{V_| ì`mg“H$[aHo$ ldUm{XH$ hmo` Zmht Ego H$maUgm| Ë`mJ H$ao Vmo
emó_| boI ho. Amoa ldUm{XH$ H$[ado_| ghm` VWm g“ Adí` M{hò V~ dmHw$hþ gmYZXem_| Oogmo nyU©^md ^pŠV_mJ©_o M{hò dogmo Zmht hmo`dogy§ {ZaÝVa
ldUm{XH$ hmo` gHo$. Amoa Ë`mJ H$[ado_| OmH$mo g“ {_bo gmo AnZo _mJ©Ho$ ldUm{XH$ hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Amoa {MVH$s MÄMbVmgy§ EVÝ_mJ©gy§ Omo {dOmVr`
AZwgma ldUm{XH$ ~Vmdo, nw{ï>_mJu` ldUHw§$ Vmo ~Vmdo Zmht. Oog| : hm|` {dZgy§hr g“ hmo`. Amoa {OZHw§$ ^JdX²^md Z hmo` {dZH$mo {MÎm {df`mH«$mÝV
hmo`dogy§ gogoZ²H$mo g“, Aëng_` hmo` Vmohþ, àW_Ho$ ^mdH$mo Zme H$[aHo$
AnZ²Hw§$hþ {df`mH«$mÝV H$[adoH$mo gå^d hmo`. BVZ| àW_Ho$ ^mdH$mo {Zdm©h Zmht
_m`mdmXr gJao OJVHw§$ H$pënV _m{Zdodmao hmo`dogy§ OJV_| aho Ego hmo`dog§y Ë`mJ {H$`mo gmohþ _w»`\$bHw$§ {gÕH$[adodmamo ^`mo Zmht. Vmgy§ ^pŠV_mJ©H$o
doXZ²Hw§$hþ H$pënV _mZV h|. Amoa doXZ²_| ~«÷Ho$ Omo JwU à{Vnm{XV h| gmohþ {dMma_| Ë`mJ H$[adodmamo H$mbH«$_gy§ nmfÊS>r hmo`Ÿ&&3-5Ÿ&&
ì`dhmamon`moJr h|, na_mW©_| Zmht h| Vmgy§ _m`mdmXr ^pŠV_mJ©gy§ {déÕ h|.
`Ú{n ^mdH$s pñW{V_| Xw…g“ ~mYH$ ho VWm{n ^mdH$s pñW{VHo${bòhr
Z¡`m{`H$Z²Ho$ _V_| OJV²Ho$ H$Vm©nZ|gy§ Vmo B©ídaH$s {g{Õ ho VWm{n kmZ, Ë`mJH$mo CnH«$_ {H$`mo ho Vmgy§ Xw…g“ hmo`Jmo Vmohþ ^md ahoJmo Egmo nj H$moC
BÀN>m Amoa à`ËZm{Xgy§ A{V[aŠV Xygao Y_© B©ída_| h| Eg| do Zmht _mZV h|. Vmgy§ H$hoŸVmo VmHo$ {ZamH$aUHo${bò A~ H$hVŸh|Ÿ:
dohþ ^pŠV_mJ©gy§ {déÕ h|.
{df`mH« $ mÝV-Xo h mZm§ Zm@@do e … gd© X m hao … Ÿ&&
_r_m§gH$ _ÝÌ_`r XodVm _mZV h|. \$b Xo`dodmamo B©ída ho Eg| Zmht _mZV
AVmo @ Ì gmYZo ^ŠVm¡ Z¡ d Ë`mJ… gw I mdh…Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
365 366
n[aË`mJ…Ÿ=ŸË`mJ ñdr`~ÝY{Zd¥Î`W}Ÿ=ŸñdrÒZZ²Ho$
(Ÿ{H$ÄMŸ=ŸAmoaŸ) ZŸ=ŸZmht,AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§ àeñ`VoŸ=Ÿàe§gm `mo½` ho ~ÝYZHw§$ {Zd¥V H$[adoHo$ AW©
{df`mH«$mÝVXohmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§, ^ŠVm¡Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV_| MŸ=ŸAmoa, g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAÝ`ŸàH$magm|, ZŸ=ŸZmht
{df`_| AmgŠV XohdmaoZ²H$m| gmYZoŸ=ŸgmYZ_|
hao…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$mo Ë`mJ…Ÿ=ŸË`mJ ^mdmW© : ^JdmZ²Ho$ {dahHo$ AZw^dHo${bò Vmo Ë`mJ CÎm_ H$ømo ho. Amoa
Amdoe…Ÿ=ŸAmdoe gwImdh…Ÿ=ŸgwIH$maH$ Ë`mJ_| H$mfm` dóm{XH$ dof h| gmo AnZo gå~ÝYrZ²Ho$ ~ÝYZH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò
gd©XmŸ=Ÿg~ g_`_| ZŸ=ŸZmht, EdŸ=Ÿhr ho, AÝ`Wm Zmht h|.
^mdmW© : {df`H$[aHo$ {OZH$mo Xoh AmH«$mÝV ho {VZHw§$ gd©Xm h[aH$mo Amdoe Z Q>rH$m : BVZ| nw{ï>_mJu` n[aË`mJ gånyU© ^JdX²^md ^ò nrN>o hmo`. Š`m| Omo
aho. (Ÿ_yb_| "gd©Wm' nmR> hmo` Vmo h[aH$mo {ZíM` Amdoe Z aho, Egmo AW© ^JdmZ²Ho$ {dahH$mo AZw^d Vmo g§`moJgwIH$mo AZw^d ^`mo hmo` V~ {d`moJ_|
g_OZm|Ÿ) Vmgy§ gmYZê$n ^pŠV_mJ©_| AWdm ^pŠV_mJ©H$s gmYZ Xem_| Ë`mJ hmo`. Vmgy§ àW_ ^mdnyd©H$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ lr_wIH$mo Xe©Z H$aVmo hmo`, Amoa lrA“H$s
gwIHw§$ Xododmamo Zmht hmo` ho. godm H$aVmo hmo`, Vm_| Omo AmZÝX àmßV hmoVmo hmo` gmo {d`moJ_| Xe©Z VWm godm
H$mo gwI Zmht {_bdogy§ {dah hmo` VmH$mo AZw^d H$[adoHo${bò J¥hm{XH$H$mo Ë`mJ
H$ao gmo CÎm_ ho. Ego Ë`mJ_| ewÕnw{ï>_mJu` ^mddmamo hmo` gmohr A{YH$mar ho.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| ZoÌ à^¥{V gd©BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ ê$n à^¥{V g~ {df` h|. {VZH$[aHo$ Egmo nyU©^mddmamo Omo hmo` VmHw§$ gdm©Ë_^mddmao Omo ^ŠV h| {VZHo$ gå~ÝYdmar
{OZH$mo Xoh ì`mßV ho {VZHw§$ (Ÿ{df`H$mo Amdoe öX`_| hmo`dogy§Ÿ) h[aH$mo gd©Xm Omo amgm{XH$brbm ho VmH$mo {dMma Adí` hmo`. VmH$[aHo$ Amoa ò brbm
Amdoe Zmht hmo` ho. Š`m| Omo BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ {df`_| AmgpŠV hmo` gmo à^wHo$ na_\$bê$n ho VmH$[aHo$ nyd© H$ho Ego ^ŠVHw§$hþ EVÝ_mJu`nZmo hmo`dogy§ Egmo \$b
Amdoe_| ~mYH$ ho. Vmgy§ ldUm{XH$ Omo gmYZê$n ^pŠV h| Vm(ŸAdñWmŸ)_| {_bdoH$s AË`ÝV A{^bmfm hmo` naÝVw `m g_`_| dmH$s A{^bmfm nyU© hmo`
Ë`mJ H$ao gmo nwéfmW©Hw§$ {gÕ H$[adodmamo Z hmo`. _yb_| "Ed'H$ma ho Vmgy§ gd©Wm Zmht Amoa nyU© H$[adodmaoH$mo Xe©Zhþ hmo` Zmht Vmgy§ {dah Adí` hmo`. Amoa J¥h_|
nwéfmW©H$mo AgmYH$nZmo H$ømo hoŸ&&6Ÿ&& Omo _Zwî` aho hm|` gmo {dOmVr`^mddmao hmo`dogy§ {dZH$mo g“ `mHo$ ^mdH$mo Zme
H$[adodmamo hmo`, VmH$[aHo$ {dahH$mo AZw^d hmo` Zmht. Vmgy§ J¥hH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZmo
V~ ^pŠV_mJ©_| Ë`mJ H${hdoH$mo à`moOZ Zmht hmo`dogy§ Ë`mJH$s ì`W©Vm Amdí`H$ ho. Amoa dmH$mo Ë`mJ OVm`doHo${bò H$mfm`m{XH$ Ë`mJHo$ dofH$s
hmo` ho Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: H$ënZm(Ÿ=Ÿì`dñWmŸ) ho. BVZ|, `{X g³³`mgH$mo dof Z hmo` Vmo ór-nwÌm{XH$
Am`H|$ à{V~ÝY H$a|. Amoa dof (Ÿg³³`m{gH$mo YmaUŸ) {H$`mo hmo` Vmo ór-nwÌm{XH$
{dahmZw ^ dmWª Vw n[aË`mJ… àeñ`Vo Ÿ && Xo{IH|$ ""ò Vmo g³³`mgr hmo` J`mo ho'' Eg| Om{ZHo$ Xya aho Vmo à{V~ÝY H$[a gHo$
Zmht. Vmgy§ g³³`mgrH$mo dof ho, Amoa H$Nw> à`moOZ Zmht hoŸ&&7Ÿ&&
ñdr`~ÝY-{Zd¥ Ë `Wª do f … gmo @ Ì Z MmÝ`WmŸ&&7Ÿ&&
_`m©Xm_mJ©_| VWm nw{ï>_mJ©_| J¥hH$mo Ë`mJ g_mZ ho VWm{n _mJ©Ho$ ôXH$mo

{dahmZw^dmWªŸ=Ÿ{dahH$mo dof…Ÿ=Ÿdof (ŸA{nŸ=Ÿ^rŸ)
{Zê$nU H$[adoHo${bò Ë`mJH$mo {Z{_Îm {^ÝZ ~Vm`H|$ Jwê$ Amoa gmYZ H$mo
AZw^dŸH$[adoHo$ AW©, VwŸ=ŸVmo AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§
367 368
{Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: Amoa {dZHo$ ^mdHo$ AZwHy$b AmMaU H$[aHo$ Amoa nÄMmÜ`m`r_| Xoh à^¥VrZ²H$mo
{dahgy§ Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ à^yZ²Ho$ g_rn Jò h| Egmo Ë`mJ `hm§ hþ A^rï> hmo`dogy§ {dZ
H$m¡ p ÊS>Ý`mo Jmo { nH$m… àmo Š Vm Jw a d… gmYZ§ M VV² Ÿ && JmonrOZZ²H$mo JwénZmo H$ømo ho. Amoa AnZo_| lrJmonrOZZ²Ho$ ^mdHo$ AZwê$n
^mdZmH$[aHo$ {gÕ ^`mo Omo ^md VmH$mo gmYZnZmo C{MV ho. Xygamo (ŸXmZd«Vm{XH$Ÿ)H$mo
^mdmo ^mdZ`m {gÕ… gmYZ§ ZmÝ`X² Bî`Vo Ÿ &&8Ÿ&&
gmYZnZmo BpÀN>V Zmht hoŸ&&9Ÿ&&
H$m¡pÝS>Ý`…Ÿ=ŸH$m¡pÊS>Ý` F${f qH$ VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo gmYZ H$hm h|Ÿ?Ÿ)

Egmo ^md CËnÝZ ^ò nrN>| Omo AdñWm hmo`dodmar ho Omo ~w{ÕHw§$ {\$amB© Xo`
(ŸMŸ=ŸAmoaŸ)ŸJmo{nH$m…Ÿ=ŸJmo{nOZ ^mdZ`mŸ=Ÿ^mdZmgy§ V~ Xw…IHo$ H$maUê$n hmo`, VmH$[aHo$ àmH¥$VnZmo hmo` Om` Egr Ame‘>mH$mo
Jwad…Ÿ=ŸJwé, àmoŠVm…Ÿ=ŸH$hoŸJòŸh| {gÕ…Ÿ=Ÿ{gÕ ^`mo n[ahma {dZHo$ ^mdHo$ ñdê$nH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ H$aV h|Ÿ:
MŸ=ŸAmoa, VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo ^md…Ÿ=Ÿ^md(ŸhoŸ)
gmYZ§Ÿ=ŸgmYZ AÝ`V²Ÿ=ŸXygao {dH$bËd§ VWm@ñdmñÏ`§ àH¥ $ {V… àH¥ $ V§ Z{hŸ&&
(ŸVXmM[aV_od B{V AW©…Ÿ=Ÿ gmYZ§Ÿ=ŸgmYZ kmZ§ Jw U míM Vñ`¡ d § dV© _ mZñ` ~mYH$m…Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
{dZHo$ AmMaUhr h| Egmo AW© ho. ZŸ=ŸZmht, Bî`VoŸ=ŸAno{jVŸh|
{dH$bËd§Ÿ=Ÿ{dH$bVm ZŸ=ŸZmht, {hŸ=Ÿhr ho
^mdmW© : H$m¡pÊS>Ý` F${f Amoa lrJmonrOZ Ë`mJHo$ Jwé* H$ho Jò h|. Amoa VWmŸ=ŸAmoa kmZ§Ÿ=ŸkmZ, MŸ=ŸAmoa
gmYZhþ `h ho Omo ^mdZmH$[aHo$ ^md {gÕ hmo`, Amoa gmYZ BpÀN>V Zmht ho. AñdmñÏ`§Ÿ=ŸAñdñWVm JwUm…Ÿ=ŸJwU, Ed§Ÿ=ŸEg|
(Ÿ{dahñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{dahH$moŸ) dV©_mZñ`Ÿ=Ÿ~aVdodmaoHw§$
Q>rH$m : BVZ| H$m¡pÊS>Ý` F${f AZÝVd«VHo$ àg“_| {Zê${nV h| Amoa lrJmonrOZ àH¥${V…Ÿ=Ÿñd^md ho Vñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHw§$
Vmo à{gÕ h| Vmgy§ {deof àH$ma Zmht H$ømo ho.
(ŸVV²Ÿ=ŸdmoŸ)ŸàmH¥$V§Ÿ=ŸàH¥$V ~mYH$m…Ÿ=Ÿ~mYH$ h|
`Ú{n H$m¡pÊS>Ý` F${f _`m©Xm_mJu` hmo`dogy§ Amoa {dZHw§$ EVÝ_mJ©H$mo kmZ

^mdmW© : {dH$bnZmo VWm AñdñWnZmo {dH$b^mdH$s àH¥${V ho, àmH¥$VnZmo
Zmht hmo`dogy§ CnXoï¥>nZmo Zmht ho, Vmgy§ JwénZmo gå^do Zmht, VWm{n XÎmmÌo`H$s
Zmht ho. Amoa Ego ^md_| Omo aømo ho VmHw§$ kmZ VWm JwU ~mYH$ h|.
Zm§B© d¡am½`_| Cn`moJr Ego {dZHo$ Y_© {eIdogy§ Oog| XÎmmÌo`Z| n¥Ïdr à^¥VrZ²H$mo
JwénZo_| A“rH$ma {H$`mo ho Vog| H$m¢{S>Ý`Hw§$ AZÝVHo$ JwUH$mo ldU H$[aHo$ {dZHw§$
{_bdoHo${bò Am{Îm© ^B©. Vmgy§ {dà`moJ^md ^`mo, VmH$[aHo$ {dH$bVm hmo`dogy§ Q>rH$m : BVZ|, OmHw$ {dà`moJ^md ^`mo ho VmHw§$ {dH$bVm hmo`, Xygao H$mCñWb_|
àíZ H$[adoHw§$ A`mo½` Ego d¥jm{XZ²Hw§$hþ àíZ H$[ado bmJo. Eg| H$m¢{S>Ý`H$mo Ë`mJ ñdñWVm Z aho. gmo dmHo$ ñdm^m{dH$ Y_© h|, bm¡{H$H$ Zmht ho. gmo AW© `wŠV
Amoa EVÝ_mJu`Ÿ-ŸË`mJ g_mZ ho Vmgy§ H$m¢{S>Ý`_| JwénZmo H$ømo ho. ho Eg| OVm`doHo${bò "{h' Aì`` {b»`mo ho. Š`m| Omo EH$mXeñH$ÝY_| kmZHo$
{Zê$nUHo$ àñVmd_|hþ ""H¡$dë`m{XH$ kmZHw§$hþ gJwUnZmo ho'' Eg| {Zê$nU H$[aHo$
""_oao_| Omo kmZ aømo ho gmo {ZJw©U ho'' Eg| H${hH|$ ñd{df`H$ kmZH$mo {ZJw©UnZmo
Amoa lrJmonrOZZ²hþ CnXoe H$[adodmao Zmht h| VWm{n _mJ© àH$Q> H$[aHo$
369 370
H$ømo ho. Ohm§ _`m©Xm_mJ©_|hþ ^JdmZ²Ho$ gå~pÝYnZogy§ dñVwH$mo {ZJw©UnZmo ho Vhm§ g³³`mgoZŸ=Ÿg³³`mgHo$ Ûmam kmZmV²Ÿ=ŸkmZgy§
gmjmV² g~Zgy§ A{YH$ Ego ^pŠV_mJ©gå~pÝY ^JdX²^mdgy§ Omo Y_© hmo` h| {deo{fVmV²Ÿ=Ÿ{deof^ò gË`bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸgË`bmoH$_|
{VZHw§$ {ZJw©UnZmo hmo` Vm_| H$hm H$hoZmoŸ? Egmo A{^àm` "{h' Aì``gy§ gy{MV pñW{V…Ÿ=ŸpñW{V gmYZ§Ÿ=ŸgmYZŸ(ŸVÌŸ=ŸVhm§Ÿ)
hmo` ho.
(Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ)MŸ=ŸAmoa \$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$b, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
`ÌŸ=ŸOhm§Ÿ(`mÑerŸ=ŸOogr) VWmŸ=Ÿdm àH$maH$mo
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ gå~ÝYgy§ {ZJw©UnZmo ^bo hmo` Vmohþ
^mdZmŸ=Ÿ^mdZm ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho
{dà`moJ^mdH$mo Xw…ImË_H$nZmo hmo`dogy§ g~Zgy§ CËH¥$ï>nZm| Š`m|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo`
VmH$mo g_mYmZ Eg| H$aZmo Omo nwéfmoÎm_H$mo ñdê$n agmË_H$ ho. Amoa ag, g§`moJ
VWm {dà`moJ Eg| Xmo` àH$maH$mo hmo`dogy§ {dà`moJHw§$hþ agnZmohr ho. Vmgy§ Oog| ^mdmW© : g³³`mggy§ CÎm_VmHw§$ àmßV^ò… kmZgy§ gË`bmoH$H$s J{V {_bo ho. Š`m|
emoH$gy§ Alw Amd| VmHw§$ Xw…Iê$nnZmo Amoa AmZ§Xgy§ Alw Amdo VmHw§$ gwIê$nnZmo Omo Om _mJ©_| Oogr ^mdZm gmYZ hmo` dmgy§ \$bhþ dogmohr {_bo ho.
ho, Vm_| AlwnZmo g_mZ ho VWm{n \$b g_mZ Zmht ho Vog| {dà`moJHw§$ Xw…Iê$nnZmo
Zmht ho. Q>rH$m : g³³`mgH$[aHo$ {deof ^`mo Egmo Omo kmZ Vmgy§ gË`bmoH$_| pñW{V hmoV
ho. BVZ|, ~«÷ gd©Ì ì`mnH$ ho Egmo kmZ hmo` Amoa dmHo$ g“ g³³`mghþ hmo` V~
Egr {dH$b AdñWm_| aømo Egmo {dà`moJH$s ^mdZmdmamo Omo ho VmHw§$ ~«÷bmoH$_| pñW{V hmo`. dm {df`_| V¡{Îmar`lw{V_| H$ømo ho Omo ""doXmÝV_|
gd©OJV² ^JdmZ²H$mo eara ho Egmo kmZ, ldU-H$sÎm©Z VWm kmZHo$ {df`ê$n {dkmZgy§ {OZZ| AmN>r ar{Vgy§ AW©H$mo {ZíM` {H$`mo ho Amoa g³³`mg`moJgy§ {OZH$mo
^JdmZ²Ho$ JwU hþ ~mYH$ hmoV h|. BVZ| AÝV…H$aU_| {dà`moJ ^md aømo hmo` gmo AÝV…H$aU ewÕ ^`mo ho Ego Omo g³³`m{g bmoJ h| do ~«÷bmoH$_| Om` h| Amoa
gd©OJV² ^JdmZ²H$mo eara ho Amoa gd©Ì ^JdmZ² {damOo h| Ego kmZgy§ OmV ahV ~«÷mOrH$s _wpŠVHo$ g“ _wŠV hmo` h|''. Amoa N>mÝXmo½`lw{V_| Vmo ""`m bmoH$_|
ho. Vog| ldU-H$sÎm©Zm{XH$Ho$ {df`ê$n Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwU Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²Ho$ Oogo `kdmbmo nwéf hmo` ho Vogmohr _aUmZÝVa hmo` ho'' Egmo H$ømo ho. Vm_|
{dahH$[aHo$ Omo {dôdbVm ^B© hmo` gmohþ OmV ahV ho. Eg| kmZ Amoa JwU H$mo V¡Var` lw{V_| ~«÷mH$s _wpŠVHo$ g_`_| _wpŠV hmo`doH$mo {b»`mo ho Amoa N>mÝXmo½`lw{V_|
~mYH$nZmo ho Vog| bm¡{H$H$ kmZ Amoa _ZH$s ñdñWVmHo$ H$maUê$n JwUhþ {dà`moJ Vmo _aUmZÝVa ^mdZmZwgma nmabm¡{H$H$\$b hmo`doH$mo H$ømo ho. Vmgy§ Omo nwéf_|
agHo$ AZw^d VWm \$b_| à{V~ÝYH$ h|Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& ^mdZm gmYZ ho dhm§ Egmo \$b hmo`. AWm©V² kmZ`wŠV Omo g³³`mgr ho dmHw§$hr
~«÷bmoH$_| pñW{V hmo`Ho$ ~«÷mHo$ g“ dmH$mo _moj hmo` ho. Vmgy§ ~«÷bmoH$_|
Om`do_| kmZH$shr _w»`Vm ho. Amoa ñdmñÏ` Z hmo` Vmo kmZ pñWa hmo` Zmht,
kmZ_mJ©_| Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©_| KaH$mo Ë`mJ Vmo g_mZ ho V~ kmZ VWm _ZH$s
Vmgy§ _ZH$s ñdñWVm {gÕH$[adodmamo kmZhr ho.
ñdñWVmHw§$ kmZ_mJ©_| gmYH$nZmo ho V~ ^pŠV_mJ©_| ~mYH$nZmo Ho$g|Ÿ? Egr
e‘>mHo$ g_mYmZHo${bò \$bôXH$[aHo$ g_mYmZ H$aV h|Ÿ:
Amoa ^pŠV_mJª_| gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ gå~ÝYHw§$hr \$bnZmo ho. Amoa nwéfmoÎm_
agmË_H$ h| Egmohr lw{V_| H$ømo ho.ŸVmgy§ BZHo$ gå~ÝY_| {dà`moJagmË_H$
gË`bmo H o $ pñW{Va² kmZmV² g³ ³ ` mgo Z {deo { fVmV² Ÿ &&
^mdHw§$hr gmYZnZmo ho. kmZ Amoa _ZŸH$s ñdñWVm à^¥VrZ²Hw§$ Vmo ^mdH$mo
^mdZm gmYZ§ `Ì \$b§ Mm@{n VWm ^do V ² Ÿ &&10Ÿ&& ZmeH$nZmo h|. Vmgy§ Ohm§ ^mdZmê$n gmYZ ho dhm§ \$bhþ Vogm| hmo` Egmo A{^àm`
N>mÝXmo½`lw{VH$moŸhoŸ&&10Ÿ&&
371 372
ñdê$n ho gmo _wpŠV H$[ado_| g_W© Zmht ho naÝVw ~m{ha àH$Q> ^`mo Egmo Omo
Eg| XmoC _mJ©_| àH$maHo$ ôXH$[aHo$ gmYZ Amoa \$b H$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ AmË_ñdê$n ho gmo ^rVa à{dï> hmo`H|$ ^rVaHo$ ñdê$nHo$ g“ {_bo ho V~hr g_J«
kmZ_mJ©_| \$bàmpßV_| {dbå~ hmo` ho Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©_| Zmht hmo` ho VmH$mo gå~ÝYHw§$ ZmeH$[aHo$ _wŠV H$[a XoV ho, AÝ`Wm _wŠV Zmht hmo` ho.
H$maU H$hV h|Ÿ:
BVZ| g³³`mg`wŠV kmZrZ²H$s pñW{V gË`bmoH$_| hmo` ho. Vm_|hþ Omo {ZîH$m_
VmÑem… gË`bmo H $mXm¡ {Vð>³ Ë ò d Z g§ e `…Ÿ&& hm|` gmo Vmo gË`bmoH$_| ah|, Omo gH$m_ hm|` gmo Vmo Xygao bmoH$_|hþ Om` h|, Eg|
~{híMoV² àH$Q>… ñdmË_m dpôZdV² à{deoX² `{XŸ&&11Ÿ&& OVm`doHo${bò _yb_| "Am{X'eãX H$ømo ho. Amoa gË`bmoH$_| {OVZo ahV h| {VZ
g~Z²H$s _wpŠV ~«÷mOrHo$ g“ hmo` ho. Vmgy§ Xmo` namÕ© Vm§B© ~«÷mOr ah| V~ Vm§B©
VX¡ d gH$bmo ~ÝYmo Zmf_o { V Z MmÝ`WmŸ&&
{dZH$s _wpŠV hmo`do_| {dbå~ hmo` ho. Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo Ap½ZH$mo Ñï>mÝV
{X`mo ho Vmgy§ Eg| OVm`mo ho Omo Oog| H$mð>_| {dÚ_mZ Ap½ZHw§$ H$mð>H$mo Xmh H$[ado_|
VmÑem…Ÿ=Ÿdogo dpôZdV²Ÿ=ŸAp½ZH$s Vah `mo½`Vm Zmht ho; naÝVw _WZ H$[aHo$ dm_|gy§hr Ap½Z àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ ^rVaHo$ Ap½ZHw§$
gË`bmoH$mXm¡Ÿ=ŸgË`bmoH$ Am{X_| `{XŸ=ŸOmo (ŸnwZ…Ÿ=Ÿ{\$aŸ) O~ {_bo V~ dmH$mo H$mð>nZmo {Zd¥Îm hmo`Ho$ Ap½ZnZmo {gÕ hmo` ho Vog| ^ŠVZ²Ho$
EdŸ=Ÿhr, {Vð>§{VŸ=Ÿaho h| à{deoV²Ÿ=Ÿàdoe H$a öX`_| `Ú{n ^JdmZ² {~amOV h| VWm{n {dZH$mo ^JdÐynnZm| H$[ado_| `mo½` Zmht
ZŸ=ŸZmht, g§e`…Ÿ=Ÿg§Xoh ho VXmŸ=ŸV~, EdŸ=Ÿhr ho, naÝVw {dJmT> ^mdH$[aHo$ ~m{ha àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ O~ ^rVaHo$ ñdê$nHw§$ {_b|
V~hr VmHo$ à{V~ÝYHw§$ Xya H$[aHo$ dmH$mo ^JdÐynnZmo gånmXZ H$ao h|. Egmo \$b
(Ÿ^ŠVm¡ VwŸ=Ÿ^pŠV_| VmoŸ) gH$b…Ÿ=Ÿg~, ~ÝY…Ÿ=Ÿ~ÝYZ
{gÕ H$[ado_| Xygamo àH$ma Zmht hoŸ&&11Ÿ&&
MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X, ~{h…Ÿ=Ÿ~hma Zme§Ÿ=ŸZmeHw§$, E{VŸ=ŸàßVŸhm|`
àH$Q>…Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> MŸ=ŸAmoa, AÝ`WmŸ=ŸXygar Vah
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo {dJm‹T> ^mdHw§$ gmjmV² g“Ho$ A^mdHo$ H$maU g“Ho${bò
ñdmË_mŸ=ŸAnZmo AmË_m ZŸ=ŸZmht ñdê$nHo$ AZwgÝYmZH$mohþ Amdí`H$nZmo ho Vmgy§ JwUJmZH$[aH|$ ñdmñÏ` Š`m| Z
hmo`Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
^mdmW© : g³³`mgJ«hU nyd©H$ kmZr hmo` gmo ~«÷bmoH$ Am{X_|hr pñW{V aho ho.
naÝVw ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo Omo ~hma àJQ> ^`mo ñdmË_m ^JdmZ², Ap½Z Oog| H$mð>_| Jw U mñVw g“am{hË`mO² OrdZmWª ^dpÝV {hŸ&&12Ÿ&&
nwZ… àdoe H$ao Vog|, O~ ^ŠVZ²Ho$ AÝV…H$aU_| àdoe H$a| V~hr dmHo$ gH$b
~ÝYZH$mo Zme hmo` ho, Amoa Vahgy§ ~ÝYZme gå^d Zmht ho.
JwUm…Ÿ=ŸJwU, VwŸ=ŸVmo OrdZmWªŸ=ŸOrdZ²Ho$ AW©
g“am{hË`mV²Ÿ=Ÿg“a{hV hmo`dogy§ ^dpÝVŸ=Ÿhm|` ho, {hŸ=Ÿhr
Q>rH$m : g³³`mg`wŠV Omo kmZr ho gmo gË`bmoH$m{XH$_|hr aho ho, dm_| g§e` Zmht
ho. Vmgy§ kmZ_mJ©_| _wpŠV hmo`do_| {dbå~ hmo` ho. Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo Oog|
H$mð>Ho$ ^rVa Ap½Z ì`mßV hmo`Ho$ aømo ^`mo ho VWm{n H$mð>H$m| XhZ H$[ado_| ^mdmW© : ldU H$sV©Z Am{X_| gXm AmVo à^wHo$ JwU Vmo ^ŠVZ²Ho$ OrdZHo${bò
g_W© Zmht ho Vmgy§ ~m{haH$mo Ap½Z ^rVa à{dï> hmo`Ho$ ^rVaHo$ Ap½ZHw§$ {_bo V~ h|, Š`m|Ho$ à^wH$mo g“ Ohm§ Vm§B© Z hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© ^ŠV lrh[aHo$ JwUZ²H$aH|$hr
H$mð>Hw§$ Oog| XhZ H$[aHo$ Ap½Zê$n H$[a Xo` ho Eg| gd©Ì ì`mßV Omo ~«÷H$mo AnZmo OrdZ amI gHo$ h|.
373 374
(Ÿ^JdVmŸ=Ÿ^JdmZ²ÛmamŸ) {déX²Ü`VoŸ=Ÿ{déÕ hmoV h|
Q>rH$m : g“a{hVnZmo ho Vmgy§ JwU Vmo OrdZ²Ho${bò hmo` h|. BVZ|, Ord O~gy§ Ÿ
^JdmZgy§ {~Nw>`m} ho V~gy§ dmHw§$ ^JdmZ²H$mo g“ Zmht ho. naÝVw O~ Vm§B© ^mdmW© : ^JdmZ² \$bê$n h| Vmgy§ `hm§ ~mYH$ Zmht h|. Amoa ñdñWVmH$mo dmŠ`
^JdmZ²Ho$ {d`moJH$s ñ\y${Îm© Zmht ^B© ho V~ Vm§B© dmHw$ {d`moJH$mo Xw…I Zmht ho. ^JdmZ²Hw§$ H$Îm©ì` Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo ^JdmZ² X`mbw h| Vmgy§ {déÕ Zmht hmo` h|;
Vmgy§ O~ dmHw$ {d`moJH$s ñ\y${Îm© hmo` V~ {d`moJH$mo Xw…I hmo`. Vm g_` dmH$s AWdm {damoY Zmht hmo` ho.
ñdñWVm a{hdo_| ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwUHw§$ N>m§{S>Ho$ Xygamo H$moB© gmYZ Zmht ho. Š`m|, Omo
^JdmZ² na_mZÝX h|. {dZH$mo {dah hmo` V~ OrdZ aho Zmht. Vm g_`_|
Q>rH$m : BVZ| `m _mJ©_| ^JdmZ²hr \$bê$n h| Amoa {dZH$s àmpßV_| {dà`moJ^mdH$mohr
na_mZÝXHo$ JwUhr OrdZHw§$ gånmXZ H$[a gH$V h|. gmohr ~mV lrJmonrOZZ²Z|
gmYH$nZm| ho. gmo `{X Z hmo` Vmo \$bH$s àmpßV hmo` Zmht. Vmgy§ ^JdmZ² `{X
Jmo{nH$mJrV_| H$hr hoŸ: ""AmnH$s H$Wmê$n A_¥V ho gmo VßVH$mo OrdZ ho''. Amoa
à{V~ÝYH$ hm|` Vmo \$bnZmohr {gÕ Z hmo` Vmgy§ ^JdmZ² ~mYH$ Zmht h|.
AH«y$aOrHo$ g“ ^JdmZ² _WwamOr nYmao V~ ^JdmZ²Ho$ aWH$s ÜdOm Amoa aWH$s
aO Xo{Ido_| AmB© V~ Vm§B© Vmo {MÌH$sgr Zm§B© g~ JmonrOZ R>mS>o aho Amoa nrN>o Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo ^JdmZ²Hw§$ \$bmË_H$nZmo ho Amoa \$b Xo`doH$s CZH$s
^JdmZ² nmN>o {\$a|Jo Egr Amem {Zd¥Îm ^B© V~ {dZH$mo JwUJmZ H$[aHo$ emoH$a{hV BÀN>mhþ ho Vmgy§ H$Xm{MV² ñdê$nH$[aH|$ {dà`moJHo$ Xw…IHw§$ {Zd¥Îm Zmht H$a| Vmo
hmo`Ho$ {XZ ì`VrV ^bo naÝVw H$Nw>H$ (ŸAmídmgZHo$Ÿ) dmŠ` H${hHo$ ñdñWVm Š`m| Z H$aV h|Ÿ? BVZ|
Oog| ZmaXOrHw§$ Xe©Z Xo`H|$ à^w {Vamo{hV ^ò V~ \o$[a Xe©ZHo${bò ZmaXOr `ËZ
H$aV hVo. V~ AmH$medmUrgy§ Amkm H$ar Omo ""{ZpÝXV `m bmoH$Hw§$ N>m§{S>Ho$ _oao
H$aV ^ò, Eg| H$ømo ho. Vhm§hþ JwUJmZ²H$mohr OrdZgånmXZnZm| H$ømo ho. OZnZoH$§w Vy àmßV hmo`Jmo''. Eg| ñdñWVmH$mo dmŠ` H$ømo ho Vog| `hm§ {dà`moJ^mdgy§
Vmgy§ OrdZHo${bò JwUJmZ hmo` ho naÝVw dmgy§ ñdñWVm Zmht aho hoŸ&&12Ÿ& VßV ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ ñdñWVm Š`m| Zmht H$aV h|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo` VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò
H$hV h| Omo ñdñWVm hmo` Egmo dmŠ` ^JdmZ²Hw§$ H$Îm©ì` Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo ^JdmZ²
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo {dà`moJ^md_| Omo aømo ho VmHw§$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwUhþ ^mdHo$ X`mbw h| Vmgy§ {déÕ Z hm|`. BVZ|, ZmaXOrHo$ H$fm` nŠd Zmht ^ò hVo naÝVw
~mYH$ ~Zo h| V~ {OZHo$ {dahH$s ^mdZm ho gmo ^JdmZ²hþ {dbå~Hw§$ gånmXZ ewÕ^mddmao hVo Vmgy§ ñdñWVm hmo`doHo${bò {Vamo{hV hmo`Ho$hr dmŠ` H${hHo$
H$[adodmao hmo`dogy§ ~mYH$ Ho$go Zmht _mZZoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: ñdñW {H$ò h|. Amoa `hm§ Vmo AÝVJ©¥hJVmH$s Zm§B© {dZH$mo à{V~ÝY ho gmo VËH$mb
{Zd¥Îm H$aZmo ho gmo à{V~ÝY {dahHo$ VmnHo$ Xw…Igy§ Amoa ^rVa Am{d^m©d ^òHo$
^JdmZ² \$bê$nËdmV² Zm@Ì ~mYH$ Bî`Vo Ÿ && Am{b“ZHo$ gwIgy§hr {Zd¥Îm H$aZmo ho. Š`m| Omo {dZH$mo ^md CËH$Q> ho. Vmgy§ Ego
^ŠVZ²Hw§$ dmŠ` H${hH|$ ñdñWVm H$a| Vmo AÝVJ©¥hJVmZ²H$mo Oog| erK« \$b {_ë`mo
ñdmñÏ`dmŠ`§ Z H$V© ì `§ X`mbw a ² Z {déÕçVo Ÿ &&13Ÿ&&
Vog| Zmht {_bo, Vmo X`mbwnZ_| {damoY Amdo. Vmgy§ ñdñWVmH$mo dmŠ` ^JdmZ²Hw§$
H$V©ì` Zmht hoŸ&&13Ÿ&&
\$bê$nËdmV²Ÿ=Ÿ\$bê$n hmo`dogy§ ñdmñÏ`dmŠ`§Ÿ=ŸñdñWVmH$maH$ dMZ
^JdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ², AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§ ZŸ=ŸZmht, H$V©ì`§Ÿ=ŸH$[ado`mo½`Ÿh| Eg| ^pŠV_mJu` g³³`mgHo$ ñdê$nH$mo gmYZ Amoa \$bHo$ àH$maH$mo {dMma
~mYH$…Ÿ=Ÿà{V~ÝY H$[adodmao (Ÿ`V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$Ÿ) H$[aHo$ Cng§hma H$aV h|Ÿ:
ZŸ=ŸZmht, Bî`VoŸ=ŸBpÀN>V h| X`mbw…Ÿ=ŸX`mbw, ZŸ=ŸZmht
375 376
Xw b © ^ mo @ `§ n[aË`mJ… ào å Um {gX² Ü ç{V ZmÝ`WmŸ&&
^mdmW© : kmZ_mJ©_| Omo g³³`mg ho gmo Vmo kmZ hmo`doHo${bò(Ÿ=nydm©“Ÿ) VWm kmZ
A`§Ÿ=Ÿò, n[aË`mJ…Ÿ=ŸË`mJ Xwb©^…Ÿ=ŸH$ï>gmÜ` ho ^ò nrN>|(Ÿ=CÎmam“Ÿ) Eog| Xmo` àH$maH$mo H$ømo ho. naÝVw dm XmoC VahHo$ g³³`mg
àoåUmŸ=Ÿào_gm| AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa H$moB© Vahgm| VWm kmZ gy§ g|H$S>moZ² OÝ__| _moj {_bo ho. Amoa `km{XH$H$mo ldU ho Vmgy§ kmZhþ
gmYZH$s Anojm amIo ho
{gÕç{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmodo ho ZŸ=ŸZmht(Ÿ{gÕç{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmo` hoŸ)
Q>rH$m : kmZ_mJ©_| kmZHo${bò {d{d{Xfmg³³`mg Amoa {dÛËg³³`mg Ego ôXgy§ Xmo`

^mdmW© : `m àH$maH$mo ò ^pŠV_mJu` g³³`mg Xwb©^ ho. gmo ào_gy§hr àmßV hmo`
àH$maHo$ g³³`mg H$ho h|. Amoa `km{XH$H$mo ldU ho Vmgy§ kmZhþ gmYZH$s Anojm
gHo$ ho, Vn XmZ Am{X gmYZZ²gy§ Xwîàmß` ho.
amIo ho; BVZ| kmZê$n \$bH$s {g{Õ g|H$‹S>mo df©Z²_| hmo` ho. gmo JrVmOr_| H$ømo
ho Omo ""kmZdmZ² ho gmo ~hmoV OÝ_Z²Ho$ AÝV_| ò gd© dmgwXod ho Eg| Om{ZHo$ _oar
Q>rH$m : Eg| ^pŠV_mJu` `h n[aË`mJ Xwb©^ ho. gmo ào_H$[aH|$ {gÕ hmo`. eaU_| AmdV ho, gmo _hmË_m AË`ÝV Xwb©^ ho''. Vm_| g~ dmgwXodê$n ho, Egr
AÝ`Wm d«V, XmZ Amoa Vn Am{X gmYZgy§hþ {gÕŸhmo` gHo$ Egmo Zmht ho. Š`m| eaUmJ{V kmZdmZ²Hw§$ ~hmoV OÝ_Ho$ AÝV_| hmo`doH$mo H$ømo hoŸ&&15Ÿ&&
Omo Ego Ë`mJH$m| {gÕ H$[adoH$mo gmYZ H$moC emó_| H$ømo Zmht ho. Ho$db
ào_H$[aH|$hr {gÕ hmo` ho. ^JdmZ²_| ào_ Zmht hmo` Vmo ^pŠV_mJu` Ë`mJ {gÕ
A~ H${b`wJ_| g³³`mggy§ H$Nw> \$b {gÕ Zmht hmo` ho gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
Z hmo`Ÿ&&
AV…H$bm¡ g g³ ³ ` mg… níMmÎmmnm` ZmÝ`WmŸ&&

kmZ_mJ} Vw g³ ³ ` mgmo {Û{dYmo @ {n {dMm[aV…Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
nmfpÊS> Ë d§ ^do V ² Mm{n Vñ_mV² kmZo Z g³ ³ ` go V ² Ÿ &&16Ÿ&&
kmZmW© _ ² CÎmam“ÄM {g{Õa² OÝ_eV¡ … na_² Ÿ &&
gw V am§ H${bXmo f mUm§ à~bËdmX² B{V pñWV_² Ÿ &&
kmZ§ M gmYZmno j § `km{XldUmÝ_V_² Ÿ &&15Ÿ&&
AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`mgm|, H$bm¡Ÿ=ŸH${bH$mb_| A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`

kmZ_mJ}Ÿ=ŸkmZ_mJ©_| naŸ=ŸnaÝVw
g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo, g³³`mg…Ÿ=Ÿg³³`mg Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgm|,H${bXmofmUm§Ÿ=
g³³`mg…Ÿ=Ÿg³³`mg OÝ_eV¡…Ÿ=Ÿg|H$‹S>mo ~ag nmN>|
níMmV²Vmnm`Ÿ=ŸníMmÎmmnHo$ AW© H${bHo$ŸXmofZ²Ho$,ŸgwVam§Ÿ=Ÿdogohþ
VwŸ=ŸVmo, kmZmW}Ÿ=ŸkmZHo$ŸAW© {g{Õ…Ÿ=Ÿ\$b
(Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ) à~bËdmV²Ÿ=Ÿà~b hmo`dogy§
MŸ=ŸAmoa Ÿñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ)
AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa H$moB© àH$magm| kmZoŸ=ŸkmZ_|, ZŸ=ŸZmht
CÎmam“§Ÿ=ŸkmZHo$ CÎmam“ê$n `km{XldUmV²Ÿ=Ÿ`km{XHo$ gw{Zdo_|
(ŸMŸ=ŸVmoŸ) ZŸ=ŸZmht g³³`goV²Ÿ=Ÿg³³`mgr hmoZm|
(ŸB{VŸ=ŸEg|Ÿ) {Û{dY…Ÿ=Ÿ Am`dogm|, kmZ§Ÿ=ŸkmZ, MŸ=Ÿhþ
MŸ=ŸAmoa, nmfpÊS>Ëd§Ÿ=ŸnmI§{S>nZm| B{VŸ=ŸEgr, pñWV_²Ÿ=ŸpñW{V ho
Xmo àH$maH$mo, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ gmYZmnoj§Ÿ=ŸgmYZH$s Anojmdmamo
{dMm[aV…Ÿ=Ÿ{dMm`m} ho _V§Ÿ=Ÿ_mÝ`mo ho
377 378
^mdmW© : Vmgy§ kmZ_mJu` g³³`mg H${b`wJ_| níMmVmnHo${bòhr hmo` ho AÝ`Wm n`©dgmZ hmo`dogy§ nmfpÊS>nZmo hmo`. Vmgy§ kmZ_mJ©_| g³³`mg J«hU Z H$ao. Eg|
Zmht. Amoa nmf§{S>nZmohþ hmo` ho. Vmgy§ kmZ_mJ©_| g³³`mg J«hU Z H$ao. Š`m| Omo kmZ_mJ©_| g³³`mg J«hU H$[ado_| ~mYH$ ho; VWm{n AmJ«hgm| g³³`mg J«hU H$ao
H${bHo$ Xmof A{Ve` à~b h|. Vmgy§ kmZ_mJ©_| g³³`mg H$V©ì` Zmht ho. Vmo H${bHo$ Xmof A{Ve` à~b hmo`dogy§ dmH$mo nmVhr hmo` Eg| emóH$maZ²Z|
{ZU©` {H$`mo ho. BVZ| lrJrVmOr VWm lr^mJdV 11 ñH$ÝY_| ^JdmZ²Z|
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, kmZ ho gmo H$_©, Ü`mZ VWm ^pŠV ê$n gmYZZ²H$s Anojm amIV g³³`mgJ«hUH$s Amkm H$ar ho Vm_| {dñVmagy§ {ddoMZ {H$`mo ho. VmH$s H$V©ì`VmHo$
ho. Vm_| à_mU H$hV h| Omo kmZH$s CËn{Îm_| g~ gmYZZ²H$s Anojm ho. Oog| H$moC {dMma_| BVZmo {gÕ ^`mo OmoŸ-
XyaXoe_| àmßV hmo`do_| Aídm{XH$H$s Anojm hmoV ho Eg| kmZH$s àmpßV_|hþ g~
gmYZH$s Anojm ho. Š`m| Omo {ZîH$m_Hw§$hþ `km{X H$[adoH$mo lw{V_| H$ømo ho. Vmgy§ - H$_©_mJ©_| O¡{_{ZHo$ _V_| n[aË`mJH$s AH$V©ì`VmŸho.
Ho$db e_-X_m{XH$H$[aH|$ kmZ àmßV Zmht hmo` ho; {H$ÝVw Aml_Ho$ AZwgma - kmZ_mJ©_| MVwWm©l_Ho$ njH$[aH|$ H$V©ì`nZmo ho Vmohþ H${bH$mbHo$ H$maU
H$_©hþ g“ hmo` V~ kmZ àmßV hmo`doH$mo ì`mggyÌ_| H$ømo ho. Eg| {d{d{Xfm Aml_Y_© {Z^ Z gH|$ Vmgy§ AH$V©ì`VmŸho.
g³³`mg {dfo H${hHo$ {dÛËg³³`mg {dfo H$hV h|Ÿ: - Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©_| H$V©ì`nZogy§ H$ømo ho Vmohþ g³³`mgHo$ ñdê$n VWm Y_© gy§
{damoY hmo`dogy§ ldUm{XH$H$s {g{ÕHo${bò g³³`mg_| ñdê$ngy§ Ë`mJH$[adoH$s
""kmZgy§hr _moj hmo` ho'' Eg| dmŠ`gy§ kmZH$s {g{Õ hmo` Vm nmN>| AH$V©ì`VmŸho.
_wpŠVê$n \$b {gÕ hmo` ho. Vmgy§ {dÛËg³³`mg _wpŠVH$mo A“ ho. `Ú{n {dÛV² - Vog| à^yZ²_| ñZoh {gÕ H$[adoHo${bò Ë`mJ H$[ado_|hþ g³³`mgHo$ ñdê$n VWm Y_©
g³³`mg _wpŠVH$mo A“ ho VWm{n JrVmOrHo$ dmŠ`_| kmZdmaoHw§$ ~hmoV OÝ_ AÝV_| gy§ {damoY ho Vmgy§ g³³`mgH$s AH$V©ì`Vm ho.
eaUmJ{V hmo`doH$mo {b»`mo ho. Amoa eaUmJ{VHw§$ ^pŠVnZm| ho Vmgy§ ^pŠV {dZm - Amoa à^yZ²_| ào_ ^ò nrN>o Vmo ñdV…hr Ë`mJ {gÕ hmo` ho Vmgy§ g³³`mgH$s
Ho$db kmZ _wpŠVH$mo gmYZ Zmht ho. Amoa `k {MÎmH$s ew{ÕH$mo H$maU ho. gmo Anojm Zmht ho.
{ZîH$m_ {H$`mo hmo` V~hr {MÎmH$s ew{Õ H$ao ho. Egmo {ZîH$m_ `k H$ao V~hr
A~ ào_H$s Amaå^Xem_| n[aË`mJ H$aZm| Ho$ ZmhtŸ? VmH$mo {dMma àíZH$s
{MÎm ewÕ hmo`Ho$ kmZ àmßV hmo` ho.
ar{Vgy§ H$aV h|Ÿ:
kmZ_mJ©_| {d{d{Xfm g³³`mg_| gmYZZ²H$s Anojm ~hmoV ahV ho. Vm{gdm`

^pŠV_mJ} @ {n Mo V ² Xmo f … VXm qH$ H$m`© _ w À `Vo Ÿ &&17Ÿ&&
kmZH$mo CX` Z hmo`. VWm@{n XwamJ«hgm| `{X H$moC g³³`mg J«hU H$ao Vmo dogmo
g³³`mg níMmÎmmnHo${bòhr hmo` ho; BVZmohr Zmht naÝVw nmfpÊS>nZmohþ hmo` ho. Š`m| AÌmaåô Z Zme… ñ`mV² Ñï>mÝVñ`mß`^mdV…Ÿ&&
Omo e_Ÿ-ŸX_m{XH$ H$Nw> {gÕ Z ^ò hm|` Amoa g³³`mg J«hU H$ao V~ {^jm{XH$H$s ñdmñÏ`hoVmo… n[aË`mJmV² ~mY… Ho$Zm@ñ` gå^doV²Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&
ew{Õ hmo` Zmht. Vmgy§ AÝV…H$aU_| AÝZXmofH$s ghm`Vmgy§ AÝV…H$aUH$s
_{bZVm {deof hmo`dogy§ H$m_-H«$moYm{XH$ hmo`Ho$ Y_©gy§ nmV hmo` ho. Amoa ^pŠV_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©_| AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§
{dÛËg³³`mg Vmo H${b`wJ_| gå^dhr Zmht ho, Vmgy§ H${b`wJ_| g³³`mgH$mo {ZfoY A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, Xmof…Ÿ=ŸXmof AmaåôŸ=Ÿàmaå^_|
H$aZhmao emóH$maZ²Z|hr Egmo {ZfoY {H$`mo ho Omo H${b`wJ_| g³³`mg Zmht H$aZm|.
VXmŸ=ŸV~, qH$Ÿ=ŸH$hm Zme…Ÿ=ŸZme, ZŸ=ŸZmht
Š`m| Omo g³³`mg _| BVZmo à`ËZ ho Eg| Om{ZHo$hþ AnZr à{Vð>mH$s d¥{ÕHo${bò
g³³`mg J«hU H$ao Vmo g³³`mgml_Ho$ Y_© {Z{^ gHo$ Zmht. BVZ| dof_mÌ_| g³³`mgH$mo H$m`ªŸ=ŸH$aZmo, B{VŸ=ŸEgmo ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
379 380
MoV²Ÿ=hmo`(Vm{h©=Vmo) ñdmñÏ`hoVmo…Ÿ=ŸñdmñÏ`Ho$ hoVwHo$ Omo ""{OZ Y_©Z²_| a{hHo$ H$mhþ {~[a`m§ Ord à_mX`wŠV Zmht hmo` ho. ZoÌ _w§{XHo$
CƒVo=H$ho h| n[aË`mJmV²Ÿ=ŸË`mJgm| Xmo‹S>Vmo hmo` Vmohþ dmHw§$ R>moH$a Z bJo Amoa dmo {Jaohþ Zmht'' `hm§gy§ Amaå^ H$[aHo$
Ñï>mÝVñ`Ÿ=ŸÑï>mÝVH$mo Añ`Ÿ=Ÿ`mH$mo, ~mY…Ÿ=Ÿ~mY ""bÁOm a{hV hmo`Ho$ ^JdX²JwUZ²Ho$ JmZ H$aVŸ-ŸH$aV Ag“ hmo`Ho$ {\$ao'' `hm§
Vm§B ^JdÕ_© H$ømo ho. Vhm§ Ë`mJH$mohþ ~moYZ ho Vmgy§ ^JdÕ_©Ho$ Amaå^_|hþ
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ Ho$ZŸ=ŸH$moZgy§
Zme Zmht ho.
A^mdV…Ÿ=ŸA^md hmo`dogm| gå^doV²Ÿ=Ÿgå^d hmo`
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo ^JdÕ_©Ho$ Amaå^_| ^bo Zme Z hmo`; VWm{n
^mdmW© : ^pŠV_mJ©_|hþ H${bXmof Am` Om§` V~ H$hm H$aZmoŸ? Egr e‘>m hmo` XohajmHo${bò {^jm{XH$H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmo`dogy§ \$b_| {dbå~ hmo` Egmo ~mY
Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ… Omo ^pŠV_mJu` g³³`mgHo$ Amaå^_| Zme Z hmo`. Š`m| Omo hmo`Jmo gmo Ho$go {Zd¥Îm hmo`JmoŸ! Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò H$hV h| Omo Ë`mJ
^pŠV_mJ©_| àd¥Îm ^òH$mo Zme ^`mo hmo` Egmo Ñï>mÝV Zmht {_bo ho. Amoa H$[adodmaoHw§$ ñdñWVmHo$ H$maUê$n Mm`m} dU©Z²_| {^jmH$mohþ Ë`mJ ho. Amoa
ñdñWVmHo$ hoVwH$mo n[aË`mJ ho, Vmgy§ dmH$mo ~mY H$moZH$[aH|$ gå^doŸ? Zmht _mbmŸ-ŸMÝXZ BË`m{XH$Z²H$mohþ Ë`mJ ho, Vmgy§ ~mY H$mhogy§ hmo`Ÿ! Zmht hmo`. Š`m|
gå^do. Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ {dà`moJHo$ Vmngy§ ^pŠV_mJr`© Ë`mJ hmo` ho gmo VmnH$s ~mø
nXmW©gy§ {Zd¥{Îmhþ Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy§ H$mhþgy§hþ dmH$mo ~mY Z hmo`Ÿ&&17-18Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, Omo Xmof kmZ_mJ©_| H$ømo gmohr Xmof ^pŠV_mJ©_| Amdo V~ H$hm
H$aZm|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo ^pŠV_mJ©_| Ë`mJHo$ Amaå^_| Zme Eg| Ñï> Amoa AÑï> Cnm`gy§ dmH$mo ZmeH$ H$moC Zmht ho Eg| H${hHo$
Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo kmZ_mJ©_| Ë`mJHo$ Amaå^ H$[adodmaoHw§$ Xw…g“ Amoa ghm`H$ ^JdmZ²hþ AWdm ^JdmZ²H$s _m`mhþ dmH$mo ~mY Zmht H$[a gH$V ho gmo H$hV h|Ÿ:
Am{XH$[aH|$ ZmeH$mo gå^d ho. naÝVw ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo Ë`mJH$mo Amaå^ H$[adodmamo
Abm¡{H$H$ ^JdX²^md H$[aH|$ nyU© ho, Vmgy§ Xw…g“H$s gå^mdZmhþ Zmht ho Vmgy§
dmH$mo Zme Zmht hmo` ho. h[aa² AÌ Z eŠZmo { V H$Vw ª ~mYm§ Hw $ Vmo @ nao Ÿ &&
AÝ`Wm _mVamo ~mbmZ² Z ñVÝ`¡… nwnwfw… Šd{MV²Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo Xw…g“ Zmht hmo`dogy§ Xw…g“gy§ Omo Zme hmo`dodmamo ho
VmH$s Vmo gå^mdZm Zmht ho; naÝVw H$mb, H$_© Amoa ñd^md H$[aH|$ Zme hmo` AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§ AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZqh Vmo
Vmo H$hm H$aZm|Ÿ? Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò H$hV h| Omo _`m©Xm_mJu` Ë`mJ h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU (ŸA{nŸ=ŸhþŸ) _mVa…Ÿ=Ÿ_mVmE§
H$[adodmao Am½ZrK« Amoa âVm{XH$Z² H$mo H$mbm{XH$H$[aH|$ Zme ^`mo ho gmo Oog| ~mYm§Ÿ=Ÿ~mYmHw§$ ~mbmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ~mbH$Z²H$m|
Xo{Ido_| Am`mo ho Vog| ewÕnw{ï>_mJu`Z²H$mo Zme ^`mo hmo` Egmo H$~hþ gw{Zdo_| H$VwªŸ=ŸH$[adoHw§$, ZŸ=ŸZmht ñVÝ`¡…Ÿ=ŸXyYgm|
Am`mo Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo H$moCH$mo Zme ^`mo Zmht h|. Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo Ë`mJ
eŠZmo{VŸ=ŸepŠV_mZ h| Šd{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$moC g_`
^JdÕ_© ho gmo {Z{_amOmZo lr^mJdV 11 ñH$ÝYHo$ {ÛVr`mÜ`m`_| (Ÿ^JdÕ_©
H$hmo, EgmoŸ) àíZ H$`m} VmHo$ CÎma_| H${d`moJoídaZ| H$ømo ho Omo ""^JdmZ²Z| AnaoŸ=ŸAmoa H$moB© A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ZŸ=ŸZmht
AmnH$s àmpßVHo${bò Cnm` Zmht Om{ZdodmaoZ²Hw§$ l_ {dZm {h AmnH$s àmpßV Hw$V…Ÿ=ŸH$hm§gm| nwnwfw…Ÿ=Ÿnmo{fV H$a|
hmo` Ego Cnm` Omo H$ho h| Vo ^JdÕ_© h| Ego OmZmo'' Eg| H${hHo$ \o$[a H$ømo ho
381 382
^mdmW© : `m _mJ©_| h[a ñd`§hþ ~mY H$[ado_| g_W© Zmht ho Vmo Xygamo Ho$go ~mYm {b»`mo Zmht ho. Amoa ^JdmZ² ñdê$nmZÝXHo$ Xo`dodmao VWm {à` h|, gmo Š`m|
H$[a gHo$JmoŸ? Amoa `{X h[a ~mYm H$a| V~ Vmo (Ÿdmo Egr ~mV H$hr Om`Jr Ho$ _mohŸH$a|JoŸ?
ñd`§Ÿ) _mVmhþ ñVÝ` H$[aH|$ ~mbH$Z²H$mo nmofU Z H$ao. BVZ|, Omo OmH$mo {à` hmo` gmo dmHo$ H$m`©_| {dbå~ hmo` VmHw$ ghZ H$ao
V~ {à`nZmohr hmo` Zmht. Amoa Ohm§ ñdê$nmZÝX Xo`doH$s BÀN>m hmo` dhm§hr
Q>rH$m : BVZ|, h[a gd©Xw…IhVm© h| gmohþ `m _mJ©_| B©ída hmo`donohþ ~mYm H$[adoHw§$ kmZrZ²Hw§$ _moh H$[adodmar _m`mgy§ ajm H$aV h|, Ohm§ ñdê$nmZÝX Xo`doH$s BÀN>m
g_W© Zmht hmo` h|. Š`m| Omo OmH$mo Oogmo ñdê$n ho VmH$m| Vogmo kmZ BídaHw§$hr Zmht ho Vhm§ BÀN>m Zmht H$aV h|. Oog| {ÛOnËZrZ²H$mo ""à^wZ²H$s nmg Om`Ho$ godm
ho Vmgy§ `m ^mdHo$ Zme_| H$maUH$mo A^md ho, Eg|hþ à^w OmZV h|. Amoa Amn H$a|Jo'' Egr ~w{Õgy§ gd© gm_J«rHo$ gånmXZ nyd©H$ n{V à^¥{V gd© ~ÝYyZ²H$mo
^ŠVZ²Ho$ ^mdHo$ AmYrZ h| gmohþ OmZV h|, Vmgy§ AmnH$mo AeŠVnZmo Om{ZHo$ ~mY Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ AmJ_Z ^`mo hVmo; VWm{n {dZHw§$ ñdê$nmZÝX Xo`doH$s BÀN>m Zmht
H$[ado_| àd¥Îmhþ Zmht hmo` h|. Ohm§ ^JdmZgy§hþ ~mY Z hmo` Vhm§ Amoagy§ Vmo ~mY hmo`dogy§ ^JdmZ²Z| ""`hm§ _Zwî`Hw§$ A“g“ àr{V Amoa ñZohHo${bò Zmht ho, Vmgy§
Ho$g| hmo` gHo$Ÿ? Vhm§ Ñï>mÝV XoV h| Omo ^JdmZ² ~mY H$a| Vmo _mVmhþ ñVÝ`H$[aH|$ _oao_| _Z bJm`dodmao Vw_ g~ Wmoao g_`_| _moHw§$ àmßV hmoCJo'' Egmo dmŠ` H${hHo$
~mbH$Z²H$mo nmofU Z H$aoŸ! AWm©V² ñdY_©Hw§$ CËnÝZ H$[adodmao VWm dmH$s ajm kmZ_mJ© Oogmo CnXoe {X`mo. Amoa d«O^ŠVZ²Hw§$ ñdê$nmZÝX Xo`doH$s BÀN>m
H$[adodmao à^whr O~ ~mYm H$a| V~ ~mbH$Z²Hw§$ CËnÝZ H$[adodmar VWm {dZH$s {deof hmo`dogy§ Kaà{V nmN>o Om`doHo$ dMZ dog|{h H$ho; VWm{n {dZ_| am{Ì
ajm H$[adodmar _mVmhþ ñVZHo$ XyYgy§ ~mbH$H$mo nmofU Z H$ao. `mgy§ Eg| {gÕ ^`mo Kmoaê$n ho, Eg| H${hH|$ ""am{Ì_| ór`Z²gy§ nmN>mo Om`mo Z Om` Egmo MÝÐ_mHo$
Omo H$mhþgy§ dmH$mo Zme Z hmo`. {H$aUgy§ apÄOV dZ Vw_Zo Xo»`mo'' Eg| H${hH|$ CX²XrnZ{d^mdHw§$ ~Vm`Ho$
a{hdoH$mo Amoa ""bmoH$H$s BÀN>mdmar órZ²Hw§$ Mmho-Oogmo n{V hmo` Vmohþ N>moS>Zmo
Zmht, dmHo$ ~ÝYyZ²H$mo ewlyfU VWm àOmH$mo nmofU H$aZm|'' Eg| H${hHo$ bmo{H$H$
""km{ZZm_{n'' dmŠò Z Z ^ŠV§ _mo h {`î`{VŸ&&
BÀN>mdmaoZ²Ho$ Y_© ~Vm`H|$ (Ÿñdê$nmZÝXH$mo XmZ H$[adoH$sŸ) AnZr BÀN>mdmaoZ²Hw§$
AmË_àX… {à`íMm@{n {H$_Wª _mo h {`î`{VŸ&&20Ÿ&& n¥WH²$ gy{MV {H$ò. Vmgy§hr {ÛOnËZrZ²Hw§$ _moh ^`mo, gmo do M{bJBª Amoa
d«O^ŠVZ²Hw§$ _moh Z ^`mo Vmgy§ {dZZ| àËòH$ dmŠ`Z²H$mo ^JdmZ²Hw§$ CÎma {X`mo.
km{ZZm_²Ÿ=Ÿkm{ZZ²Ho$ AmË_àX…Ÿ=ŸAmË_mH$mo XmZ Vog|hr CÕdOrHo$ gÝXoeHo$ àíZ_|hþ ^JdmZ²Z| kmZ_mJu` Oogmo gÝXoe nR>m`mo;
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ (ŸB{VŸ=ŸEgoŸ) H$[adodmamo, MŸ=ŸAmoa VWm{n d«O^ŠVZ²Hw§$ _moh Z ^`mo. V~ CÕdOrZ| lrJmonrOZZ²H$s lrH¥$îUHo$
dmŠòZŸ=ŸdmŠ`gm| {à`…Ÿ=Ÿ{à`, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ Amdoedmao AmË_m{H$ {dH$bVm XoIr V~ AnZo Omo gÝXoeÛmam CnXoe H$ømo hVmo
VmH$s {Zî\$bVm Amoa {dà`moJHo$ VmnH$s A{V à~bVm Xo{IHo$ {dZ_| g~Z²gy§
^ŠV§Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVH$m|, (^JdmZ²Ÿ^ŠV§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²
A{YH$ Amoa A{Zd©MZr` CËH$f© Xo»`mo, Amoa AnZ_| hrZVmH$s ñ\y${V© ^B©.
ZŸ=ŸZmht ^ŠVH$m|) {H$_WªŸ=ŸŠ`m| {dZHo$ gmjmV² MaUZ²Ho$ ñne© H$[aHo$ Z_Z H$[adoH$shþ AnZr A`mo½`Vm Om{ZH|$
_moh{`î`{VŸ=Ÿ_moh H$a|Jo _moh{`î`{VŸ=Ÿ_moh H$a|Jo {dZHo$ MaUaoUwH$mo dÝXZ {H$`mo. Vm_|hþ ~hmoV aoUyZ²Hw§$ dÝXZ H$[ado_| AnZmo
A{YH$ma Zmht Om{ZHo$ EH$ aoUwHw§$hr dÝXZ {H$`mo ho. Vmgy§ Ohm§ ñdê$nmZÝX
^mdmW© : _mH©$ÊS>o`nwamU_| H$ømo ho Omo ""kmZrZ²Ho$ {MÎmH$m|hþ, g_W© Egr Xodr, Xo`doH$s à^wZ²H$s BÀN>m hmo` dhm§ kmZ_mJu` dmŠ`Z²gy§ _moh Zmht hmo` hoŸ&&20Ÿ&&
~bgy§ I|MHo$ _moh_| S>m[a XoV h|''. Vmgy§ ^ŠVHw§$ _moh Zmht H$a|Jo. Š`m| Omo dm
dmŠ`_| kmZrZ²Ho$ {MÎmHw§$ _moh H$[adoH$mo {b»`mo ho. ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ _moh H$[adoH$mo Eg| g³³`mg{ZU©`H$mo à{VnmXZ H$[aH|$ dmH$mo Cng§hma H$aVŸh|Ÿ:
383 384
Vñ_mV² CŠVàH$mao U n[aË`mJmo {dYr`Vm_² Ÿ && AmVwa ho Egmo _| `hm§ Am`mohþ§ gmo _| ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©Z²H$mo AmôbmX Amoa {d`moJH$s
AÝ`Wm ^«í`Vo ñdmWm©X² B{V _o {ZpíMVm _{V…Ÿ&&21Ÿ&& Am{V© H$[aH|$ `wŠV hþ§'' Eg| {dXwaOr à{V CÕdOrHo$ dmŠ`gy§ D$na Ë`mJH$mo
B{V H¥ $ îUàgmXo Z dëbô Z {d{ZpíMV_² Ÿ && ñdê$n H$ømo. Vm àH$maH$mo Ë`mJ hr XoI naV ho Egmo Ë`mJH$mo ñdê$n lrH¥$îUHo$
àgmXgy§hr OmÝ`mo Om` Egmo ~Vm`doHo${bò _yb_| ""lrH¥$îUHo$ àgmXgy§'' H${hdoH$s
g³ ³ ` mgdaU§ ^ŠVm¡ AÝ`Wm n{VVmo ^do V ² Ÿ &&22Ÿ&&
lr_hmà^yZ²Z| Amkm H$ar ho. Vmgy§ ^pŠV_mJ©_| g³³`mg ^JdmZ²H$mo daUê$nhr ho.
Amoa `{X ^pŠV {dZm Ë`mJ H$ao Vmo n{VV hmo`.
Ÿ&&ŸB{V lrdëb^mMm`©{da{MV… g³³`mg{ZU©`… g_mßV…Ÿ&&
J«ÝWHo$ àmaå^_| n[aË`mJH$mo {dMma {H$`mo Om` ho Ego H$ømo ho; Amoa
Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgm| _{V…Ÿ=Ÿ_{V ho g_mpßV_| CŠV àH$magy§ n[aË`mJ H$[adoH$mo H$ømo ho; Vm nrN>| lrH¥$îUHo$ àgmX
CŠVàH$maoUŸ=ŸH$ho àH$magm| B{VŸ=Ÿ`m àH$magm| H$[aHo$ g³³`mgH$mo {ZíM` H$[adoH$mo H$ømo ho Vmgy§ Egmo gy{MV hmo` ho Omo
n[aË`mJ…Ÿ=ŸË`mJ dëbôZŸ=Ÿlr_hmà^wOrÛmam lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Hw§$ Xoh-XoeHo$ n[aË`mJ {df`H$ Xmo` Amkm ^JdmZ²H$s ^B© hVr
{dYr`Vm§Ÿ=ŸH$aZm| H¥$îUàgmXoZŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s H¥$nmgm| Vm àm_mU Zmht H$[adoH$mo IoX hVmo. Vhm§ O~ bmoH$n[aË`mJ {df`H$ Vrgar
Amkm ^B© V~ dm AmkmHo$ dmŠ`mW©H$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ Om à_mU Amkm ^B© dmhr
AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZmht Vmo ^ŠVm¡Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV_|
àH$ma H$[aHo$ lrAmMm`©OrZo {H$`mo, V~ ^JdmZ² {deof àgÝZ hmo`Ho$ lrAmMm`©OrHo$
ñdmWm©V²Ÿ=ŸñdmW©gm| g³³`mgdaU§Ÿ=Ÿg³³`mgH$mo daU _Z_| g³³`mgHo$ ñdê$nH$s g\y${V© H$ar, dmH$mohr ~moY ApÝV_ íbmoH$_| ho.
^«í`VoŸ=ŸÀ`wV hm|` {d{ZpíMV§Ÿ=Ÿ{deofê$ngm| {ZpíMV ^`mo
B{VŸ=ŸEgr, _oŸ=Ÿ_oar AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa àH$magm| go VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo nydm}ŠVàH$magy§ Omo n[aË`mJH$mo {dMma
{ZpíMVmŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMV n{VV…Ÿ=Ÿn{VV, ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` {H$`mo VmH$[aH|$ ^JdmZ²H$mo {à` Egmo Omo _|, dmZ| ^pŠV_mJ©_| CÕdOrH$sgr Zm§B©
g³³`mgH$mo A“rH$ma {ZpíMV {H$`mo ho. Amoa CÕdOrHw§$ ""g~ N>mo{‹S>H|$ _oao_| _Z
^mdmW© : ^pŠV_mJu` g³³`mgH$mo àH$ma Egmo ho. Vmgy§ à^wZ²Ho$ {dahH$mo AZw^d à{dï> H$[aH|$ n¥Ïdr_| {\$a'' Egr ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm ^B© hVr Vm à_mU Amkm Z
H$[adoHo${bò Cna H$ho àH$magy§ Ë`mJ H$aZmo. `{X Ego Zmht H$a|Jo Vmo ñdmW©gy§ ^«ï> hmo` Amoa g³³`mg J«hU H$ao Vmo n{VV hmo`. Š`m| Omo ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ Amoa g³³`mgHo$
hm|`Jo Egr _oar {ZpíMV _{V ho. Eg| lrH¥$îUHo$ àgmXH$[aH|$ lrdëb^mMm`©OrZo Y_© nañna {déÕ hmo`dogy§ ^JdmZ²H$s Amkm {dZm Amoa AÝV…H$aU_| ^JdmZ²Ho$
^pŠV_mJ©_| g³³`mgH$mo daU {ZpíMV {H$`mo ho. dmar{V {~Zm Xygar ar{Vgy§ g³³`mg {dà`moJH$mo ^md Z ^`mo hmo` Vmohþ g³³`mg J«hU H$ao Vmo ^pŠV_mJ©gy§ À`wV
H$[adodmamo n{VV hmo`. hmo`Ÿ&&21-22Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : BVZ| g³³`mgHo$ Xygao g~ àH$ma Xmof g{hV Amoa Agå^{dV h|, Vmgy§ òhr B{V lr_X²dëb^mMm`©Or H¥$V g³³`mg{ZU©`H$s
àH$ma g³³`mgH$mo ho Omo ^JdmZ²Z| CÕdOr à{V H$ømo ho. dmhr àH$magy§ g³³`mg Jmoñdm_r lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamO {da{MV
H$aZmo. Amoa Omo Egmo A{YH$ma Z hmo` Vmohþ Ë`mJ H$ao Vmo ñdmW©gy§ ^«ï> hmo` Om` g§{jßV ^mfmQ>rH$m g_mßV ^B©
Ego {ZíM`dmar _oar ~w{Õ ho. Š`m| Omo Egmo Ë`mJ CÕdOrZo {H$`mo ho gmo
V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYHo$ MVwWm©Ü`m`_| {Zê${nV ho. Omo ""^JdmZ²Ho$ {dahgm| OmH$mo AmË_m
385 386
Ÿ&& {ZamoYbjU_² Ÿ&& (g_O{ZŸ=Ÿ^`mo)VwŸ=ŸAmoa __=_moH$m|,ñ`mV²=hmodo
(20)
A~ {ZamoYbjU_| àW_ {ZamoYHo$ ñdê$nH$mo {dMma H$V©ì` ho. Vm_| ^mdmW© : lrJmoHw$b_| lrèmoXmOrHw§$, ZÝXm{XH$Z²Hw§$ Amoa lrJmo{nOZZ²Hw§$ Omo
kmZ_mJ©_| Vmo d¡am½` nydH© $ `_-{Z`_m{XH$Z²gm| BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo {ZJ«h {H$òg§y kmZ_mJu` Xw…I ^`mo gmo _moHw§$ H$~hþ§ hmo`JmoŸ!
gmYZ {H$ògy§ {dkmZ hmo` V~ {ZamoYH$mo \$b {_bo ho. ^pŠV_mJ©_| `_-
{Z`_m{X gmYZH$mo A^md hmo`dogy§ {ZamoYH$s {g{Õ Ho$g| hmo`Ÿ? Egr e‘>mHo$ Q>rH$m : lrJmoH$w bH$m| Vmo à^wZZ² | ZmZm àH$maHo$ {dhmaH$s BÀN>mgy§ CËnÝZ H¥$nmH$[aHo${h
g_mYmZnyd©H$ {ZamoYHo$ ñdê$nŸ-ŸgmYZm{X; Amoa {Z…gmYZê$n AnZo _mJ©_| nw{ï>_mJ©_| A“rH¥$V {H$`mo ho, Vmgy§ nw{ï>_mJm©“rH$maê$n ^mdm‘w>a dm_| hVmo. Vm
{ZamoYH$mo \$b Ho$g| {gÕ hmo` gmo lr_hmà^wOr Amkm H$aV h|. Vm_| lr^mJdVHo$ ^mdHo$ ñd^mdH$[aHo$ Xw…Ihþ dm_| aømo ho, Om Xw…Iê$n H$maUgy§ à^yZ²H$mo àmH$Q²ç
Xe_ñH$ÝYH$mo {Zê$nU H$aVr {~[a`m§ ""{ZamYmo@ñ`mZwe`Z§ ànÄMo H«$sS>Z§ hao…'' ^`mo ho. AmJ| gwIm{XH$hþ ^`mo ho. A~hþ Egmo {ZamoY Tw>§{T>dodmao ñd_mJu`Z²Hw§$
BVZo `m ànÄM_| à^wH$s Omo H«$sS>m dmH$m| "{ZamoY' H$ømo ho. gmo {ZamoY Vmo Egmohr Xw…I gå^mdZr` ho, Omo Xw…I {ZamoYHw§$ {gÕ H$[aH|$ à^wHo$ àmH$Q²çH$mo
brbmg¥{ï>_| pñWV Omo ^ŠV CZHw§$ ànÄM{dñ_aU nyd©H$ gH$bopÝÐ`Z²H$mo à^w_| gmYH$ ho. Vmgy§ dm Xw…IH$s gd©Xm gå^mdZm H$[aHo$ lr_hmà^wOr ñd_mJu`Z²Hw§$
{Zdoe ^`mo hVmo Vog| hmo` V~ hmo` ho. Eg| Xe_ñH$ÝY_| ^ŠVZ²H$s {MÎmd¥{ÎmH$mo bjUmd¥{Îmgy§ gy{MV H$aV h|.
{ZamoYhr ^pŠV_mJu` {ZamoY H$ømo ho. Vm_| àmH$Q²>çXem_| {OZH$m| gmjmV²
A“rH$ma ^`mo ho, nw{ï>_mJu` ^mdH$mo A‘w>a {OZHo$ öX`_| dÕ©_mZ ho Ego na_ ^JdpX²dahgy§ ^ŠVHo$ öX`_| àH$Q> hmoVmo Xw…I ~«÷mZÝXHw§$hþ VwÀN> H$[adodmamo
^m½`dmao; Amoa d«OHo$ gå~ÝYdmaoZ²H$m| Vmo ñdê$ngy§{h à^wZo {ZamoY {H$`mo. A~ hmo`dogy§ gdm}ËH¥$ï> ho. Amoa A{VXwb©^ hmo`dogy§ dmH$s gå^mdZm_mÌ H$ar ho, naÝVw
àmH$Q²çXem Zmht hmo`dogy§ AmnZo A“rH$ma {H$ò Ego AmYw{ZH$ nw{ï>_mJu` àmW©Zm Zmqh H$sZr ho. Vm_|hþ gd©Xm Zmqh {H$ÝVw H$Xm{MV² hmo` Eg| H$ømo ho. `{X
^ŠV, {ZamoYgmYZHo$ AkmZgy§ H$Xm{MV² kmZ_mJu` {ZamoY_| àd¥Îm hmo` Om§` Vmo Egmo Xw:I öX`_| àH$Q> hmoB Om` Vmo \o$a H$hm H$hoZmoŸ? Vmgm| dm Xw:IH$s gd©Xm
VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò ñd_mJu` {ZamoY_| OmH$s Anojm ho Egmo Omo _ybH$maU CËH$ÊR>m H$aZr Eg| gyMZ {H$`mo ho.
VmH$mo lrAmMm`©Or {Zê$nU H$aV h|.
^JdpX²dahOÝ` Xw:I Vmo lr_mV¥MaU Amoa lrZÝXm{XH$Z² Hw$§ à^wH$o àmH$Q²çHo$

`ÀM Xw … I§ èmo X m`m ZÝXm{XZm§ M Jmo H w $ bo Ÿ && n{hbo nwÌê$ngm| à^wH$mo àmH$Q²ç, VmnrN>| {dZHo$ bmbZ-H«$sS>Z-AdbmoH$Z
Jmo{nH$mZmÝVw `X²Xw…I§ VX²Xw:I§ ñ`mZ² __ Šd{MV²Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& à^¥{V gå~pÝY ZmZmàH$maHo$ _ZmoaWê$n hVmo hr. Vog| hr lrñdm{_ZrOr à^¥VrZ²Z|
hþ à^wHo$ àH$Q> hmo`doH$s Amemgy§ ZmZm àH$maHo$ _ZmoaW _Z_| H$[a amIo hVo Vmgm|
JmoHw$boŸ=ŸJmoHw$b_| Jmo{nH$mZm§Ÿ=ŸJmo{nH$mZ²Hw§$ {dZ _ZmoaWOÝ` Xw:Ihþ {dZH$m| à^wHo$ àmH$Q²>çHo$ n{hbo hþ hVmo. Amn àH$Q> ^ò
èmoXm`m…Ÿ=ŸlrèmoXmOrHw§$ `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo, XwI§Ÿ=ŸXw…I Vm nrN>ohþ nyVZm{XH$Z²H$s H«y$aÑ{ï> à^yZ²n| n[adoHo$ H$maU, H«$sS>m_| à^yZ²H$s
AmgpŠVgm| ^moOZm{XH$_| {dbå~H$[adoHo$ H$maU, JmoMmaUmW© nYma| V~ nmN>|
MŸ=ŸAmoa, ZÝXmXrZm§Ÿ=Ÿ (Ÿg_O{ZŸ=Ÿ^`moŸ)
g§Om n`©ÝV Xe©Z Zmqh hmoB g{H$doH$o H$maU Eg| AZoH$ àH$maHo$ Xw:I d«O^ŠVZ²H$m|
ZÝXamÒr A{XHw§$, MŸ=Ÿ^r VV²=dmo, XwI§Ÿ=ŸXw…I à^w àH$Q> ^ò nmN>| hþ hmoVo hVo. gmo g~ Xw:I "`V²' eãXgy§ gL²>J«hrV {H$ò h|.
`V²Ÿ=ŸOmo, Xw…I§Ÿ=ŸXw…I Šd{MV²=H$~hþH$ gmo {dñVmaHo$ ^`gy§ `hm§ Zmqh {bIgHo$ h|. (Ÿ{deof {Okmgm hmoBdono lrJmoH$w bZmW
{ZamoYbjU_² {ZamoYbjU_²
387 388
à^wMaUZ²H$s g§ñH¥$V Q>rH$mH$mo AdbmoH$Z H$aZmoŸ)Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
Eg| {ZéÕZ²Ho$ Xw…I Amoa gwI Ho$ A{^bmfmH$s AnZo_| gå^mdZm H$[aH|$
Ego BZHo$ Xw…IH$s gå^mdZm H$[aH|$ VmnrN>| CËnÝZ ^ò A{Zd©MZr` Egmo gwI ^ò nrN>| {dà`moJOÝ` Xw…I_| {dbjU gwI CËnÝZ H$[adodmamo
gwIH$shþ gå^mdZm {ÛVr` íbmoH$gy§ H$aV h|Ÿ: H$mhþàH$maH$mo CËgd hmo` ho OmH$s V¥Vr`íbmoH$_| gå^mdZm H$aV h|Ÿ:
Jmo H w $ bo Jmo { nH$mZm§ M gdo f m§ d« O dm{gZm_² Ÿ & CÕdmJ_Zo OmV CËgd… gw _ hmZ² `WmŸ&&
`V² gw I § g_^y V ² VZ² _o ^JdmZ² qH$ {dYmñ`{VŸ&&2Ÿ&& d¥ Ý XmdZo Jmo H w $ bo dm VWm _o _Z{g Šd{MV² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
JmoHw$boŸ=ŸJmoHw$b_| g_^yV² = AmN>r^m§{Vgy§ ^`mo d¥ÝXmdZoŸ=Ÿd¥ÝXmdZ_| CÕdmJ_ZoŸ=ŸCÕdOrHo$ Am`don|

Jmo{nH$mZm§Ÿ=ŸJmo{nH$mZ²Hw§$ VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo, gwI§Ÿ=ŸgwI dmŸ=ŸAmoa, JmoHw$boŸ=ŸJmoHw$b_| `WmŸ=ŸOm àH$magy§
MŸ=ŸAmoa, gd}fm§Ÿ=Ÿg^r qH$Ÿ=ŸH$hm, ^JdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ² gw_hmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ~hmoV ~‹S>mo VWmŸ=Ÿdm Vahgy§
d«Odm{gZm§Ÿ=Ÿd«O~mgrZ²Hw§$ _oŸ=Ÿ_moHw§$ CËgd…Ÿ=ŸCËgd _oŸ=Ÿ_oa,o _Z{gŸ=Ÿ_Z_|
`V² = Omo, gwI§ = gwI {dYmñ`{VŸ=ŸH$a|JoŸ? OmV…Ÿ=Ÿ^`mo Šd{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$^rŸ(ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`)
^mdmW© : lrJmoHw$b_| lrJmonrOZ²Hw§$ Amoa g~ d«OdmgrZ²Hw§$ Om Am{N> ^m§{Vgy§ ^mdmW© : CÕdOrHo$ AmJ_Zgy§ d¥ÝXmdZ Amoa lrJmoHw$b _| Oog| _hmZ² CËgd
gwI ^`mo dm gwIH$mo XmZ à^w _moHw§$ H$a|J|Ÿ? ^`mo Egmo _oao _Z_| H$~hþ§ hmo`JmoŸ?
Q>rH$m : nyd©íbmoH$_| d{U©V Xw…I à^wHo$ àmH$Q²ç_| H$maU ho. H$maUê$n Xw…I Q>rH$m : Oog| n{V {dXoe J`mo hmo` gmo dhm§gy§ AnZo godH$Hw§$ Ka ôOo V~ dmH$s
n{hbo ^ò nrN>| à^w àH$Q>o h| VmnrN>| g~ gwIê$n hmo` ho. gmo gwI ~mb^mdgy§ _mVm à^¥{VHw§$ Amoa {deof H$[aH|$ dmH$s órHo$ _Z_| AnZo ñdm{_Ho$ ñ_aUgy§
bo`H|$ ""à|In`©‘> ...''_| AmÝXmobZ, [a“U, X{Y-Xw½Ym{X Mm¡`m©{X brbm, CËnÝZ^ò Am¡ËgwŠ`{deofgy§ CËgd hmo`doH$s bmoH$_| ar{V ho. `hm§ àñVwV_|hþ
dËgJmoMmaUm{X, doUwJrV, JmodÕ©ZmoÕaU Am{X g~ brbm ^ŠV_ZmoaWHw§$ nyU© ^JdX²^mddmao Amoa à^wHo$ gÝXoe bo`H|$ Am`dodmao CÕdOr CËgdê$n h|. {dZHo$
H$[adoHo${bò hmo`dogy§ gwIê$n h|. Vm nrN>| {dà`moJ ^ò nrN>|hþ à^wH$s brbmH$mo AmJ_Zgy§ ~S>mo CËgd ^`mo. ò ^JdXr`H$mo AmJ_Z; Amoa à^wH$mo gÝXoe g~
ñ_aU H$[adogy§ VmXmËå` ^ògy§ Xw…IH$mo ^mZ Zmht aømo. Vmgy§ gd©gy§ {dbjU Abm¡{H$H$ hmo`dogy§ A{Zd©MZr` CËgd ^`mo Eg| _ybHo$ "_hV²' eãXgy§ OmÝ`moOm`
{dà`moJmË_H$ gwI lrñdm{_ZrOr à^¥VrZ²Hw§$ Amoa g~ d«OdmgrZ²Hw§$ lrJmoHw$b_| ho. Vm_| lrd¥§XmdZ_| lrñdm{_ZrZ²H$m| CËgd ^`mo Amoa lrJmoHw$b_| _mV¥MaUmXrZ²Hw§$
AmN>r^m§{V {_ë`mo hVmo. dm{h gwIH$s `m íbmoH$_| Amnlr AnZo{bò gå^mdZm CËgd ^òH$mo g_O boZmo. CËgd _mZgY_© hmo`dogy§ _Z_| hmo`doH$s A{^bmfm
H$aV h|. `m íbmoH$_| d{U©V gwI A{V Xwb©^ ho VWm{n gd©gm_mÏ`©dmZ² à^yZ²Z| am{IdoH$s Amkm _ybíbmoH$_| H$ar ho. ^JdXr`Hw§$ à^wHo$ gå~ÝYdmaoŸ(Ÿ^ŠVŸ)Ho$
AmJ| Oog| AmnV|hr ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ {X`mo Eg| A~hþ AmnHo$ gm_Ï`©gy§ gmo gwI Xo`J| Eg| g_mJ__|, gmjmV² à^w nYmao Egmo CËgmh gd©àH$magy§ amIZmo M{hò. Eg| Z
OVm`doHo${bò _yb_| "^JdV²'nXH$mo J«hU {H$`mo hoŸ&&2Ÿ&& _m{Zdog§y ^JdXr`Ëd Z aho Egmo {gÕmÝV ho. lrJmoH$w bdmgr g~ VWm lrñdm{_ZrOr
389 390
à^¥{V Vmo gd©Wm ànÝZ hVo. {dZHw§$ CÕdOrHo$ AmJ_Z nrN>o ^ò gw_hmZ² H$amVoŸ) AmZÝXHo$ {Z{Y à^w gwIê$n hmo` h|.
CËgdgy§ n{hbo ""ò ^JdX²dofYmar H$moZ hoŸ?'' Ego {dñ_`gy§ CËH$ÊR>mê$n CËgd
^`mo. VmnrN>| O~ CX²YdOrHw§$ ^JdXr` OmZ| V~ ""h_mao n{Vgm| gå~pÝYV Q>rH$m : ^JdXr`Ho$ Xe©Z_mÌgy§ {OZHw$§ ~‹S>mo CËgd hmo` ho Amoa gd©Xm ^JdXmdoegy§
ì`pŠV h_mao Ka Amò h|. Vm_|hþ na_ ^ŠV h| Amoa {ZaÝVa nmg a{hdodmao h|'' Amnhr CËgdê$n h| do AÝVa“ ^ŠV _hmZ H$ho Om` h|. {dZH$s H¥$nmV| à^w O~
Eg| OmÝ`mo. V~ Vmo ""h_mao ~‹S>o ^m½` Omo ò à^wHo$ g_mMma bo`H|$ Amò h| Amoa X`m H$ao h| V~ àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ ñdê$nmZÝX Xo` h|. V~ àH${Q>V ~hmoV ^mddmao
à^yZ²Z| hr nR>mò hmo`J|, Eg| Z hmo` Vmo godH$ H$~hþ ñdm{_Ho$ MaUZ²Hw§$ Z N>moS>o. ^JdXr`Ho$ g“ {OZH$mo H$sV©Z {H$`mo Om` ho Ego à^w gmjmV² CZHo$ AÝV…H$aU_|
Vmgy§ à^wH$shþ h_mao Cna H¥$nm ho. Š`m| Omo H¥$nm Z hmo` Vmo ^JdXr`H$mo AmJ_Z àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ gH$b BpÝÐ`Z²H$s AmgpŠV AmnHo$ ñdê$n_| H$am`Ho$ gwIH$mo XmZ
Z hmo`. Amoa ^JdX²^ŠV Om_| Z Amdo gmo Ka{h Z H$hdmdo. Om Ka_| ^ŠV H$aV h|. à^wH$mo ñdê$n Amoa à^wHo$ JwU XmoC BH$gma h|. Vmgm| H$sV©Z H$[adogy§hþ
Amdo dm_| ^ŠVHo$ ñZohgy§ à^whþ nYmao h|'' BË`m{X {dMmagy§ CÕdOrHw§$ O~ O~ à^w AmZÝX XoV h| V~ O~ Vm§B à^wH$mo ~mø àmH$Q²ç Zmht hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B
^JdXr` OmZ| V~ {dZH$mo gËH$ma H$[adoH$mo CËgmh ^`mo. Egmo CËgd Xwb©^ JwUJmZhr H$aZmo, AÝ` H$moC Cnm` Zmht H$aZo Eg| `m íbmoH$gy§ OVm`moŸho.
hmo`dogy§ íbmoH$_| "Šd{MV²' nX H$ømo ho. Vmgm| AmYw{ZH$ {ZamoY_mJu`Z²Hw§$hþ
^JdXr`Ho$ g“Ho$ A^mdH$mo Xw…I _Z_| am{IdoH$s lr_hmà^wOr Amkm H$aV h|.
Eg| H$aVo gd©àH$magy§ {MÎmH$mo {ZamoY hmo` V~ à^w àH$Q> hmo`H|$ gwIH$mohþ `m íbmoH$_| à^wH$s X`m hmo`do_| H$maU ~‹S>oZ²H$s H¥$nm H${h ho. "_hÎm'eãXgy§
XmZH$a|J| Egmo ^md `m íbmoH$gy§ OmÝ`mo Om` hoŸ&&3Ÿ&& lrñdm{_ZrOr H$ho h| Ego g_OZmo. AWdm Ego ^mdmË_H$ ñdê$n Amn
(ŸlrAmMm`©OrŸ) H$mo gyMZ H$ao h|. Vmgy§ lr_hmà^wOrH$s H¥$nm ^ògy§hr à^w
AmZÝXH$mo XmZ H$a| h| AÝ`Wm Z H$a| Egmohþ gyMZ "_hV²'nXgy§ hmo` ho. Vmgy§
`hm§ e‘>m H$ao h| Omo kmZ_mJ©_| Vmo {MÎmH$mo O~ {ZamoY hmo` V~ Ü`mZm{XH$[aH|$ H$sV©ZÛmamhþ à^wZ²Ho$ JwU Vm àH$maHo$ AmZÝXHw§$ Xododmao h|. Vmgy§ JwUJmZ{h
AmË_gwI hmo` ho; Amoa `m ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo Xw…IH$[aH|$ {MÎmH$mo {ZamoY hmo` Vmohþ H$aZmoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
Xw…Ihr aho ho, dm_| H$moZgmo CËH$f© hoŸ? Egr e‘>mH$mo g_mYmZ A~ H$aV h|Ÿ:
à^wHo$ JwUH$mo JmZ Vmo g~ H$moC H$aV h|, Vmgy§ g~Z²Hw§$ gwI hmo` ho, Vmo
_hVm§ H¥ $ n`m `mdX² ^JdmZ² X`{`î`{VŸ&& {\$a {ZamoYdmaoZ²Hw§$ JwUJmZ_| H$hm {deof hoŸ? Egr e‘>mH$mo g_mYmZ A~ AmJoHo$
VmdX² AmZÝXgÝXmo h … H$sË`© _ mZ… gw I m` {hŸ&&4Ÿ&& íbmoH$gy§ H$aV h|Ÿ:
_hVm§Ÿ=Ÿ~‹S>oZ²H$s BÀN>m H$a|Jo, VmdV²Ÿ=ŸV~Vm§B _hVm§ H¥ $ n`m `ÛV² H$sV© Z § gw I X§ gXmŸ&&

H¥$n`mŸ=ŸH¥$nmgy§ H$sË`©_mZ…Ÿ=Ÿ{OZH$mo H$sV©Z Z VWm bm¡ { H$H$mZm§ Vw pñZ½Y-^mo O Z-ê$j-dV² Ÿ &&5Ÿ&&
^JdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ² H$`m} Omaømo ho dmo
`mdV²Ÿ=ŸO~Vm§B AmZÝXgÝXmoh…Ÿ=ŸAmZÝXHo$ gmJa _hVm§Ÿ=Ÿ~‹S>oZ²H$s (ApñVŸ=Ÿh|)VÛV²Ÿ=ŸEgo
X`{`î`{VŸ=ŸXo`doH$s gwIm`Ÿ=ŸgwIê$n, {hŸ=Ÿhr H¥$n`mŸ=ŸH¥$nmgm| bm¡{H$H$mZm§Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$Z²Ho$
(Ÿ^ŠVH¥$V§Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVÛmam hmoVoŸ) (H$sV©Z§Ÿ=ŸH$sV©Z)VwŸ=ŸVmo
^mdmW© : ~‹S>oZ²H$s H¥$nmH$[aH|$ O~Vm§B à^w X`m H$a|Jo V~bm| H$sË`©_mZ (ŸH$sV©Z
391 392
H$sV©Z§Ÿ=ŸH$sV©Z pñZ½Y-^moOZ-ê$j-dV²Ÿ=ŸKrdmamo JwUJmZoŸ=ŸJwUZ²Ho$ JmZ_| AmË_{ZŸ=ŸAmË_m_|
`ÛV²Ÿ=ŸOm Vahgy§ ^moOZ H$[admaoHw§$ ê$Imo ^moOZ gwImdmpßV…Ÿ=ŸgwIH$s àmpßV ZŸ=ŸZmht, EdŸ=Ÿhr
gXmŸ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa H$[ado Oogmo, VWmŸ=Ÿdogmo Om`VoŸ=Ÿhmodo ho AÝ`V…Ÿ=ŸAÝ` àH$magy§, Hw$V…Ÿ=ŸHo$go
gwIX§Ÿ=ŸgwI Xo`dodmao ZŸ=ŸZmqh (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmodo hoŸ)
^mdmW© : Jmo{dÝXHo$ JwUJmZ_| {Zê$Õ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ Oogmo gwI hmo` ho Egmo AmË_mZÝX_|
^mdmW© : ~‹S>oZ²H$s H¥$nmÛmam H$ao OmVo H$sV©Z Oog| gXm gwIHw§$ Xododmao h| Eg| ewH$mXrZ²Hw§$hþ Zmht hmo` ho Vmo ^pŠVa{hVHw§$ Vmo H$hm§Vo hmo`Ÿ?
g§gmamgŠV bm¡{H$Ûmam H$ao OmVo H$sV©Z gwIX Zmqh hmoV h|. Oog| pñZ½Y ^moOZ
eara_| gH$bopÝÐ`Z²H$mo nmofU H$ao ho Egmo ê$jgy§ Zmqh hmo` ho Vog|. Q>rH$m : `Ú{n ewH$XodOrZo ò brbm Jm`r ho Amoa ^pŠVaggy§ nyU©hþ h| Vmohþ ò
AmZÝX CZHw§$ àmßV Z ^`mo Eg| H${hdoHo${bò _ybíbmoH$_| lrewH$XodOrH$mo Zm_
Q>rH$m : àW_íbmoH$_| H$ho _hmZ² ^JdXr`Z²H$s AnZo ^mdH$mo XmZ H$[adoê$n J«hU {H$`mo ho. Vmgy§ `h OmÝ`moOm` ho Omo ò AmZÝX à^wH$s H¥$nmgm|hr àmßV hmo`
H¥$nm, Vm H$[aH|$ {ZamoY_mJu`Z²Ûmam nañna H$ao OmVo ^JdX²JwUJmZ gXm gwIX ho, Amoa Vahgy§ Zmht hmo` ho. Vm_| ^JdpX²dahOÝ` Xw…Ihr gmYH$ ho. Vmgy§
hmoV h|. Š`m| Omo JwUmZwdmX H$aVo ~IV ^md ~hmoV ~{T>dogy§ gH$b BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo Xw…Ihr na_nwéfmW©ê$n ho Amoa Zmqh ho. Ohm§ AmË_gwIH$s Anojm ò Xw…Ihþ
ñdê$nhr_| {ZamoY ^ògy§ àn§MH$s {dñ_¥{Vnyd©H$ ^ŠV ^JdXmZÝX_| _½Z hmo` gdm}ËH¥$ï> ho V~ `m Xw…Igm| gmÜ` AmZÝXH$s CËH¥$ï>Vm_| Vmo H$hm H$hoZmoŸ! Eg|
Om` ho. à_mUY_©_| {Zð>mdmao ^ŠV Amoa kmZrZ² _| Cna H$ømo {ZamoY_mJu`Z²Ho$ H¡$_w{VH$Ý`m`gy§ AmZÝXH$mo gdm}ËH¥$ï>nZmo {gÕ hmo` ho. AWdm ewH$m{XH$Z²Hw§$
^mdH$mo A^md hmo`dogy§ H$sV©Zm{X gwI Xododmamo Zmht hmo` ho. bm¡{H$H$ Amoa Jmo{dÝXHo$ JwUJmZ_| Oogr gwIàmpßV hmo` ho Vogr AmË_mZÝX_|hþ Zmqh hmo` ho Vmo
Abm¡{H$H$ _| {OVZmo VmaVå` ho BVZmo {ZamY_mJu` Amoa kmZr à^¥{V_| VmaVå` Amoagy§ Vmo H$hm§gy§ hmo`Ÿ? Vmgy§ ewH$XodOrZo H$ømo ho Omo ""_| `Ú{n {ZJw©U_|
ho. Vmgy§ {ZéÕZ²Ho$ H$sV©Z_| ~hmoV {deof hoŸ&&5Ÿ&& {Zð>mdmamohþ§ VWm{n CÎm_íbmoH$ (Ÿ^JdmZ²Ÿ)H$s brbmgm| _oamo {MÎm J¥hrV ^`mo ho
Vmgy§ lr^mJdVê$n ~‹S>mo Am»`mZ nT²çmo hþ§''. `mnogy§ Eg| gy{MV ^`mo Omo
AmË_gwIgy§hþ ^JdX²JwUJmZ_| A{YH$ AmZÝX hoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
`hm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo H$sV©Z gwIXo`dodmamo ho Vmohþ Xw…I Vmo gXm {_Q>V Zmqh
ho V~ JwUJmZ_| H$hm CËH$f© hoŸ? `mgy§ Vmo kmZrZ²Hw§$ gH$b BpÝÐ` à^¥{VH$mo
AmË_m_| b` ^ògy§ AË`ÝV Xw…Im^mdê$n gwI hmo` Vmgm| CËH$f© à_mU{gÕ Xw…I na_nwê$fmW©ê$n hmo`dogy§ gd©Xm à^w {ZamoY_mJu`Z²Hw§$ Xw…Ihr XoV h|
XrIo hoŸ! `mH$mo g_mYmZ A~ H$aV hoŸ: dm (ŸAWdmŸ) H$moC g_` gwIH$mo XmZhþ H$aV h|Ÿ? Egr e‘>mH$mo g_mYmZ A~
AmJoHo$ íbmoH$gm| H$aV h|Ÿ:
Jw U JmZo gw I mdmpßV: Jmo { dÝXñ` àOm`Vo Ÿ &&
`Wm VWm ew H $mXrZm§ Z¡ d mË_{Z Hw $ Vmo @ Ý`V…Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& pŠbí`_mZmZ² OZmZ² ÑîQ>‰ m H¥ $ nm`w Š Vmo `Xm ^do V ² Ÿ &&
VXm gdª gXmZÝX§ ö{XñW§ {ZJ© V § ~{h…Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
`WmŸ=ŸOm Vahgy§ VWmŸ=Ÿdm àH$maH$s
Jmo{dÝXñ`Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ ewH$mXrZm§Ÿ=ŸewH$XodOr Am{XH$Z²Hw§$ pŠbí`_mZmZ²Ÿ=ŸŠboedmaoZ²Hw§$ ö{XñW§=õX`_| aho^ò
393 394
OZmZ²Ÿ=ŸbmoJZ²Hw§$ gdªŸ=Ÿg~
ÑîQ>‰mŸ=ŸXo{IHo$, `XmŸ=ŸO~ gXmZÝX§Ÿ=ŸgXm Omo AmZÝX_` h| ^mdmW© : gdm©ZÝX_`H$mo H¥$nmZÝX AË`ÝV Xwb©^ ho. öX`_| {~am{Ododmao à^w
H¥$nm`wŠV…Ÿ=ŸH¥$nmdmao ~{h…Ÿ=Ÿ~mha AnZo JwUZ²H$mo ldUH$[aH|$ nyU© hmo`H|$ AnZo OZZ²Hw§$ ñdmZÝX{Z_½Z H$aV h|.
^doV²Ÿ=Ÿaho^ò {ZJ©V§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZH$bo(Ÿñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿh|Ÿ)
Q>rH$m : ~«÷mZÝX n`©ÝV Ohm§-Ohm§ AmZÝXH$s JUZm ^B© ho gmo AmZÝX {OZHw§$
^mdmW© : O~ AnZo eaUmJVZ²Hw§$ AË`ÝV Šboe`wŠV Xo{IH|$ à^w H¥$nm`wŠV àmßV ^ò h| {dZHw§$hþ H¥$nmZÝX Vmo gwVam§ Xwb©^ ho. _wpŠVà^¥{V_| {_bdodmaoH$mo
hmo` h| V~ gXm AmZÝXê$n à^w öX`_| {~amOdodmamo AmnH$mo ñdê$n ~hma àH$Q> AmZ§Xhþ `m AmZÝXH$mo A§e_mÌ ho. AÝ` AmZÝX gmYZgm| bä` ho Amoa ò
H$ao h|. AmZÝX Vmo EH$ H¥$nmgm| hr àmß` hmo` Egmo ho. Vmgm| O~ à^w dmH$mo XmZ H$a|
V~hr {_b gHo$ ho. Vmgy§ _ybíbmoH$_| dmHw§$ "gwXwb©^:' H$ømo ho. BVZ| ggmYZ²Hw§$
{_bdodmamo Zmht ho {H$ÝVw H¥$nmdmaoZ²Hw§$ hr gwb^ ho Egmo AW©hþ hmo` ho. Amoa Ego
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gmjmV² ñdê$nH$mo gå~ÝY hmo`doH$s A{^bmfmgy§ ^ŠV_| O~ à^wHo$ gå~ÝYH$s A{^bmfmO{ZV Xw…Igy§ ^ò Vmngy§ ^ŠV O~ nañna JwUJmZ
~hmoV Am{Îm© (Ÿ{dahŸ) CËnÝZ hmoV ho V~ Šboe`wŠV ^ŠV jUŸ-ŸjU_| _yN>m©, H$a| h| V~ dmH$mo ldUH$[aH|$ öX`_| {~am{Ododmao à^w nyU©H¥$nmH$[aH|$ ~hma
OmJaU Am{X AdñWmH$mo AZw^d H$[ado bmJV ho. AnZo OZZ²Hw§$ H$ï>`wŠV àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ AnZoZ²Hw§$ dm agHo$ g_wÐHo$ V“_| VaU H$amdV h|. Om-Om
Xo{IH|$ à^w O~ H¥$nm H$aV h| V~ ^ŠVZ²H$s BpÝÐ`Z²Hw§$ ñdê$nmZÝXgy§ gdmªeH$[aH|$ BpÝÐ`Z²_| Xw…I ^`mo hmo` Vm-Vm BpÝÐ`Z²_| AmZÝXnyU©Vm H$aVŸh|Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
nwï> H$[adoHo${bò ^ŠVHo$ öX`_| {~amOVo AnZo ^mdmË_H$ ñdê$nH$m| à^w ~hma
àH$Q> H$aV h|. Egmo ò AmZÝX EH$ H¥$nmgy§hr {gÕ hmo`dodmamo ho Vmgy§ AË`ÝV
Xwb©^ hoŸ&&7Ÿ&& A~ ò g~ ~mV H${hdoH$mo à`moOZ H$hV h|Ÿ:
gdm© Z ÝX_`ñ`m@{n H¥ $ nmZÝX… gw X w b © ^ …Ÿ&& Vñ_mV² gdª n[aË`Á` {ZéÕ¡ … gd© X m Jw U m…Ÿ&&
öX² J V… ñdJw U mZ² lw Ë dm ny U © … ßbmd`Vo OZmZ² Ÿ &&8Ÿ&& gXmZÝXna¡ a ² Jo ` m… gpÀMXmZÝXVm VV…Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
gdm©ZÝX_`ñ`Ÿ=ŸgånyU© AmZÝX_` ñdJwUmZ²Ÿ=ŸAnZo JwUZ²Hw§$ Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgy§ gd©XmŸ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa

à^wH$mo, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ lwËdmŸ=Ÿgw{ZHo$ gXmZÝXna¡…Ÿ=ŸgXmZÝXna hmo`Ho$ JwUm…Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²Hw§$
H¥$nmZÝX…Ÿ=ŸH¥$nmê$n AmZÝX nyU…© Ÿ=ŸnyU© {Zê$Õ¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{ZéÕ hmo`Ho$ Jo`m…Ÿ=ŸJmZo, VV…Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§
gwXbw ^© …Ÿ=ŸH$ï>g§y bä` (ŸgZ²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$Ÿ) gdªŸ=Ÿg~H$Nw> gpÀMXmZÝXVm=gpÀMXmZÝXVm
öX²JV…Ÿ=ŸöX`_| aømo ^`mo OZmZ²Ÿ=ŸbmoJZ²Hw§$ n[aË`Á`Ÿ=ŸN>m§{S>Ho$ (^doV²=hmoòhoŸ)
(Ÿg…Ÿ=ŸdmoŸ) ßbmd`VoŸ=Ÿâr XoV h|
^mdmW© : Vmgy§ gd©H$mo n[aË`mJH$[aH|$ gXmZÝX lrH¥$îU_| {Zð>mdmao gËnwéfZ²Ho$
g“ {ZaÝVa JwUJmZ H$aZm|. Ego H$[adogy§ gpÀMXmZÝXnZmo hmo` ho.
395 396
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gd©gy§ CËH¥$ï> H¥$nmZÝX {_ë`mo ho Vmgy§ Amoa g~H$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ ^mdmW© : _¢ {ZéÕZ²Ho$ _mJ©_| A“rH¥$V hÿ§ Amoa gH$b BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo à^w_| {ZamoY
(ŸBVZo dmgZm g{hV g~ AhÝVm-__VmH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$Ÿ) CX²^Q> ^mdgy§ {ZaÝVa H$[aHo$ {ZamoYH$s nXdr BVZo {ZamoYHo$ \$bHw§$ àmßV ^`mo hÿ§. Vmgy§ AmYw{ZH$
JwUJmZ H$aZmo òhr godH$H$mo ghOY_© ho. Vmgy§ ^JdXmZÝXHo$ A{^bmfrZ²Hw§$ òhr {ZamoY_mJuZ²H$mo {ZamoY {gÕ hmo`doHo${bò {ZamoYH$mo dU©Z H$é§ hÿ§.
{ZaÝVa H$aZmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZ| gmjmV² à^yZ²Z| _oamo {ZamoY_mJ©_| A“rH$ma {H$`mo ho, VmnmN>|
A~ JwUJmZ H$[adoH$s Amkm Vmo H$ar naÝVw brbmHo$ ôXgm| JwU AZoH$ gH$bopÝÐ`Z²H$mo amoYH$[aH|$ {ZamoYHo$ \$bHw§$ àmßV ^`mo hþ§. Vmgy§ à^yZ²H$s Amkmgy§
àH$maHo$ hmo`dogy§ Ho$go JwUH$mo JmZ H$aZmoŸ? Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò H$hV h| AmYw{ZH$Z²Hw§$hþ {ZamoY {gÕ H$[adoHo${bò `h VmoHw§$ H$hþ§ hþ§. _oao H$ho à_mU
Omo gmjmV² agmË_H$ lrnwéfmoÎm_ {dZHo$ agmË_H$ brbmê$n JwUhr JmZ H$[ado`mo½` H$[adogy§ {ZamoYH$s {g{Õ gd©Wm hmo`Jr Eg| lr_hmà^wOr `m íbmoH$gy§ gy{MV
h|. agmË_H$ à^w_| {Zð>mdmao ^JdXr`Z²Ho$hr g“ JwUJmZ H$aZ| Egmohþ AW©Ÿhmo` H$aV h|. H$moC ^m½`dmZ²H$m| CX²Xoí` H$[aHo$ Amkm H$ao h| Omo ""Voao AW© dU©Z H$é§
gHo$ ho. Vmgy§ ^JdmZ²_| {Zð>m Z hmo` Eg|Z²Ho$ g“ ^JdX²dmVm©hþŸZmht H$[adoH$mo hþ§''. Š`m| Omo gmjmV² à^yZ²Z| _oamo {ZamoY_| A“rH$ma {H$ò gy§hr _| `mH$mo dU©Z
gyMZ hmo` ho. Eg| Xw…g“rZ²Ho$ g“ dmÎmm©{XH$ H$[adogy§ hm{Zhr hmo` ho. EH$ jUhþ H$argHw§$ hþ§. AmoaH$mo ò dU©Z H$[adoH$mo gm_Ï`© Zmqh ho Egmohþ gyMZ hmodo
AÝ`Wm^md Zmht hmo`doHo${bò "gd©Xm'nX Y`m} ho. Vmgy§ EH$ jUhþ ^JdX²JwUJmZ hoŸ&&10Ÿ&&
Zmqh N>moS>Zmo. Eg|ŸH$[adogy§ŸgpÀM- XmZÝXVm hmo` ho. Ohm§ kmZ_mJu` na_ \$bhþ
JwUJmZH$moŸAmZwf[“H$ \$b ho dhm§ gmjmV² na_ \$bH$s Vmo H$hm ~mV H$aZrŸ!Ÿ&&9Ÿ&& Ego {ZamoYHo$ ñdê$nH$mo dU©Z H$[aHo$ gd©àH$magy§ H$V©ì`H$mo {Zê$nU H$aV
h|Ÿ:
`hm§ e‘>m H$ao h| Omo {ZéÕZ²Hw§${h gd©n[aË`mJnyd©H$ JwUJmZ H$[adoH$s
Amkm H$sZr naÝVw gmYZ_| {Zð>mdmaoZ²Hw§$ Z H$arŸ! VmH$mo g_mYmZ A~Ho$ íbmoH$gy§ h[aUm ò {d{Z_w © Š Vmg² Vo _½Zm ^dgmJao Ÿ &&
H$aV h|Ÿ:
ò {ZéÕmg² VEdmÌ _mo X _m`m³ Ë `h{Z© e _² Ÿ &&11Ÿ&&
Ah§ {ZéÕmo amo Y o Z {Zamo Y nXdt JV…Ÿ&&

ò h[aUmŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ Ûmam {ZéÕm:Ÿ=Ÿ{ZéÕ h|
{ZéÕmZm§ Vw amo Y m` {Zamo Y § dU© ` m{_ Vo Ÿ &&10Ÿ&&
{d{Z_w©ŠVm…Ÿ=Ÿ{deofH$[aHo$ _wŠV VoŸ=Ÿdmo, EdŸ=Ÿhr
^ò h|, VoŸ=Ÿdmo AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§, Ah{Z©e§Ÿ=Ÿ{XZ-amV
amoYoZŸ=Ÿg§`_gy§ (Ÿbm¡{H$Ho$Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$_|Ÿ)
^dgmJaoŸ=Ÿg§gmaê${n gmJa_| _moX§Ÿ=ŸAmZÝXHw§$
{ZéÕ…Ÿ=Ÿ{ZéÕ, VwŸ=ŸVmo {ZéÕmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZéÕZ²Ho$
_½Zm…Ÿ=ŸSy>~o h|, òŸ=ŸOmo Am`mpÝVŸ=ŸàmßV H$ao h|
{ZamoYnXdtŸ=Ÿ{ZamoYê$n nXHw§$ amoYm`Ÿ=ŸamoYHo${bò
JV…Ÿ=ŸàmßV ^`mo VoŸ=Ÿdmo, {ZamoY§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZamoYH$mo
^mdmW© : à^wZo {OZH$m| N>m§{S> {Xò h| do g§gmagmJa_| _½Z ^ò h| Amoa {OZH$m|
Ah§Ÿ=Ÿ_¢ dU©`m{_=dU©Z H$é§ hÿ§ à^wZo nw{ï>_mJ©_| A“rH¥$V {H$ò h| do {ZaÝVa (Ÿà^wHo$ AmZÝXHw§$ nm`Ho$Ÿ) hf©Hw§$
397 398
àmßV hmo` h|. gå~ÝY H$am`H|$ {dZ_| bJmdo.
Q>rH$m : à^w gd©Ho$ Xw…IH$mo hao h| Vmgy§ {dZH$mo Zm_ "h[a' ho. BZ h[aZ²Z| (ŸñdmZ§X Q>rH$m : {ZamoYê$n gwI Xo`doH$s BÀN>mgy§ {OZH$mo nw{ï>_mJ©_| A“rH$ma ^`mo ho
XmZ Xo`Ho$ Xw…I {_Q>m`doH$s BÀN>m Zmqh hmo`dogy§Ÿ) {OZH$mo Ë`mJ {H$`mo ho do g~ Ego OrdZ²H$s `Ú{n AÝ` gmYZZ²_| àd¥{Îm hmo` Zmht. Š`m| Omo A“rH$maHo$
^dgmJa_| Sy>~o h|. BVZ| ~hmoV AÝ` gmYZ_| àd¥Îm ah| Vmohþ ò AmZÝX àmßV Zmqh ñd^mdgy§hr ^JdËñdê$n_| Oogmo ñZoh hmo` ho Egmo ñZoh {df`m{XH$Z²_| hmoV Zmht
^ògy§ ^dgmJa_| Sy>{~ Jò h|. Amoa ñdmZÝXH$mo XmZ H$[adoH$s BÀN>mgy§ {OZ ho. Vmohþ gå~ÝYOÝ` XmofH$mo {ZdmaU H$[adoHo${bò lr_hmà^wOr Amkm H$ao h| Omo
OrdZ²Hw§$ à^yZ²Z| nw{ï>_mJ©_| A“rH¥$V {H$ò h| Amoa {OZH$mo ñdê$n{Zð>m_| ^mdhr g§gmamdoe BVZo {df`^moJm{XH$Z²_| AhÝVm-__VmË_H$ Amdoegm| Xwï> ^`r
EH$ gmYZ ho Ego AnZo OZ à^wH¥$nmgy§hr hf©Hw§$ àmßV hmo` h|. BVZo ~hma Amoa BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$; Amoa AhÝVm-__Vmgy§ CËnÝZ^ò ~ÝYZê$n Xw…IHo$ AkmZgy§ dmH$s
^rVa ag_| nyU© hmoBHo$ AmZÝXg_wÐ_| _½Z aho h|. gmohþ jUâ Zmht naÝVw am{ÌŸ- {Zd¥{Îm H$[ado_| {d_wIVmdmar BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ {hVmW© CZ g~ZHw§$ g§gmaHo$ AÝ`
Ÿ{XZ_| jU_mÌhþ AmZÝXH$mo {dÀN>oX Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgy§ ò {gÕ hmo` ho Omo Y_©Z²_|V| Nw>S>m`Ho$ lrH¥$îU_| {h bJmdo. BpÝÐ`Z²H$s gmW©H$Vm dm_| hr ho.
{ZamoY_mJuZ²Hw§$hr ò AmZÝX hmo` ho, gmYZ_| {Zð>mdmaoZ²Hw§$ Zmht hmo` hoŸ&&11Ÿ&& BpÝÐ`Z²H$s (Ÿà^w_| {d{Z`moJ hmo` V~ {hŸ) H¥$VmW©Vm hmo`doH$mo lr^mJdV_|
""AjÊdVm§ \$b{_X§'' BË`m{X íbmoH$Z²gy§ H$ømo ho. Eg| BpÝÐ`m{XH$Hw§$ g§gmaY_©V|
A~ H$ho h| Omo {ZamoY_mJuZ²Hw§$hþ nyd© aømo g§gma {dÚ_mZ hmo`dogy§ VV²- Nw>S>m`H|$ à^w_| `moOdoH$s AmYw{ZH$Z²Hw§$ {ejmhþ `m íbmoH$gy§ H$ar ho. Eg| à^w_|
VV² {df`Z²_| AmgŠV BpÝÐ`Z²Hw§$ {df`H$mo {dñ_aU hmoZmo AeŠ` Oogmo XrIo ho. {d{Z`moJ ^ò nrN>| Ohm§ Vm§B© à^wH$mo gmjmËH$ma Z hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© JwUJmZ_|hr
O~ {df`H$mo {dñ_aU Z ^`mo V~ Vmo JwUJmZ_| àd¥{Îmhþ AeŠ` hmo`JrŸ! Egr AmgŠV aho. Eg| H$aV-H$aV O~ {dZ_|hr AmgŠV hmo` V~ ^JdXmdoe hmo`,
e‘>mHo$ g_mYmZ nyd©H$ H$hV h|Ÿ: Amoa ar{Vgy§ Z hmo`Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
g§ g mamdo e -Xw ï >mZm_² BpÝÐ`mUm§ {hVm` d¡ Ÿ && Eg| g~ nXmW©H$mo à^yZ²_| {d{Z`moJ {H$ògy§hþ nyd©Ho$ g§gmamÜ`mggy§ {df`Z²_|
H$Nw>H$ AhÝVm-__Vmê$n g§gma Vmo ahohr. Amoa dm {df`H$mo Ë`mJ {H$ògy§
H¥ $ îUñ` gd© d ñVy { Z ^y å Z B© e ñ` `mo O ò V ² Ÿ &&12Ÿ&&
H$Nw>H$ _Z_|hþ VÁO{ZV Šboehþ a{h gHo$ ho Vmo JwUJmZ_| gwIhr hmo`doH$mo Ho$go
H$ømo ho Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ŸH$hVŸh|Ÿ:
g§gmamdoeŸ=Ÿg§gmaHo$ Amdoegy§ dñVy{ZŸ=ŸdñVyZ²Hw§$
Xwï>mZm§Ÿ=ŸXwï> ^B© B©eñ`Ÿ=ŸBpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ ñdm{_ Jw U o î dm{dï>-{MÎmmZm§ gd© X m _w a d¡ [ aU…Ÿ&&
BpÝÐ`mUm§Ÿ=ŸBpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ ^yåZ…Ÿ=Ÿì`mnH$ g§ g ma{dah-Šbo e m¡ Z ñ`mVm§ h[adV² gw I _² Ÿ &&13Ÿ&&
{hVm`Ÿ=Ÿ{hVHo${bò H¥$îUñ`Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUH$Hw§$
gd©Ÿ=Ÿg~ d¡Ÿ=Ÿhr, `moOòV²Ÿ=ŸbJmZr
_wad¡[aU…Ÿ=Ÿ"_wa'X¡Ë`Ho$ do[aHo$ g§gma-{dah-Šboem¡Ÿ=Ÿg§gma
^mdmW© : g§gmaHo$ Amdoegy§ Xwï> ^`r BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ {hVHo${bò gd© (ŸBpÝÐ`Z² JwUfo Ÿw =ŸJwUZ²_| Amoa {dah gy§ O{ZV Šboe
g{hV Eo{hH$-nmabm¡{H$H$Ÿ) dñVwgm| gwIê$n Amoa gd©Ho$ {Z`ÝVm Ego lrH¥$îUH$mo
gd©XmŸ=ŸgXm ZŸ=ŸZht, ñ`mVm§Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho
399 400
Am{dï>-{MÎmmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ{OZH$mo h[adV²Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s Vah ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ÿho, AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZqhVmo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ZŸ=ŸZmht, ApñVŸ=Ÿho
{MÎm {namo`mo ^`mo ho {dZHw§$ gwI§Ÿ=ŸgwI(Ÿñ`mV²Ÿ=ŸhmoV hoŸ) H«y$aVmŸ=ŸH«y$anZm| (`V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$Ÿ)VXÜ`mg…Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo ^«_
_VmŸ=Ÿ_mZo h|, AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§ A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, {gÜ`{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmodo ho
^mdmW© : _wad¡[a (Ÿà^wŸ)Ho$ JwUJmZ_| {ZaÝVa Am{dï> {MÎmdmaoZ²Hw§$ g§gma Amoa
{dah H$mo Šboe Zmht hmoV ho, h[aH$s Zm§B© gwI hmo` ho. ^mdmW© : (ŸO~ JwUJmZ {gÕ hmo`Ÿ) V~ à^wH$s X`m hmo`.ŸEg| Z hmo` Vmo H«y$aVm
_mZr Om`. `m_| ~mYH$s e‘>mhþ ZmhtŸho. {ZamoY_mJuHw§$ ànÄMH$s {dñ_¥{V hmo`
Q>rH$m : BVZ| AmgpŠVgm| à^wHo$ JwUJmZ H$a| V~ à^w_| O~ {MÎm Am{dï> hmo` Omdogy§ AnZo Xohm{XH$Z²_| à^wH$mohr AÜ`mg {gÕ hmo` ho, dmHw§$ à^w AnZogy§ {^ÝZ
Om` V~ CZHw§$ nydm}ŠV g§gmaË`mJ Amoa Vmgy§ ^ò Šboe H$s AZw^y{V Zmht hmo` Zmht ñ\y$ao h|.
ho. Š`m| Omo {dZH$m| Vmo ànÄMHo$ {dñ_aU nyd©H$ JwUJmZ_| {MÎmH$mo Amdoe hmo`
Omdogm| {df`m{XH$Ho$ AÜ`mgH$s gå^mdZmhþ Zmht hmo` gHo$ ho Vmo dmHo$ Ë`mJgy§ Q>rH$m : Eg| O~ AË`ÝV {dahOÝ` Vmnê$n AmgpŠVgm| gH$b BpÝÐ`| ànÄMHo$
^`mo Šboe Vmo H$hm§Vo gå^doŸ? `m g~H$mo {dñVma doUwJrVHo$ lrgw~mo{YZrOr_| AÜ`mggm| a{hV hm|`, ñdê$nmË_H$Vmê$n nyU© {ZamoY O~ {gÕ hmo` V~ à^wH$mo
""OmJ¥V Amoa ñdßZ AdñWm_|hþ à^wH$s {H«$‹S>mH$m| XoIV h|'' Ho$ {ddaU_| X`mbwnZmo {gÕ hmo`. Ego àMwaVmnmË_H$ ^md hmo` V~ à^w ^ŠVHw§$ AmídmgZê$n
AmnlrZo {H$`mo ho. ñdñWVm àXmZ H$arHo$ dmHo$ Vmn_| à{V~ÝYH$ Zmht hmoV h|. `{X à^w à~ÝYH$
hm|` Vmo à^wH$s H«y$aVm _mZr Om`. `hm§ "H«y$aVm'nXH$mo Xygamo A{^àm` ò ho Omo
`hm§ e‘>m H$ao h| Omo AmgpŠVOÝ` gwIhþ {dfÒÝ` gwIHo$ Vwë`hr gmjmV² AnZmo H$[aH|$ OmH$mo A“rH$ma {H$`mo hmo` Egmo nwéf à^wHw§$ AmN>mo bJo
hmo`JmoŸ! `m e‘>mH$mo {Zamg H$ao h| Omo {df`gwI Vmo ^moJ_| AmgpŠV ~T>m`dodmamo Egmo ñdY_©ê$n H¥$Ë` O~ Vm§B Z H$ao V~ Vm§B à^wH$mo H«$moY dm Ordn| ahohr ho.
hmo`dogy§ dmo g§gmaOZH$ hr ho; Amoa à^w Oog| gH$b Xw…I Xy[a H$[adodmao h| Amoa
g§gmaHo$ {ZdV©H$ h| Vog| à^wH$s AmgpŠVgmo OÝ` gwIhþ g§gmaH$mo {ZdV©H$ ho. A~ e‘>m H$ao h| Omo gd©Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ JwUJmZ_| àd¥{Îm H$ao V~ Vmo H$mb-
Vmgy§ nydm}ŠV g§gmamgpŠV Amoa ^JdXmgpŠV Ho$ gwI_| ~hmoV d¡bjÊ` hmo`dogy§ H$_m©{XH$ à{V~ÝY H$[a gHo$ h|Ÿ! `mHo$ g_mYmZ_| H$hV h| Omo JwUJmZ_| ~mYH$s
Vwë`VmH$s gå^mdZmhþ Zmht hmo` gH$V ho. Vmgy§ ""h[adV² gwI_²'' Eg| gwI_| e‘>mhþ Zmht hmo` ho Vmo ~mY Vmo H$hm§Vo hmo`Ÿ! ^ŠVH$s gH$b BpÝÐ`Z²_| à^w
h[aH$mo Ñï>mÝV {X`mo hoŸ&&13Ÿ&& Am{dï> hmo`dogy§ ~mY H$moZ H$[a gHo$ hoŸ? ñd`§ à^whþ ~mY Zmht H$[a gHo$ h| Vmo
Eg| g~Z²H$m| {df`dmgZmgm| a{hV ^JdXmgpŠV O~ ÑT> hmo` V~ Omo hmo` AmoaH$s Vmo H$hm ~mV H$aZrŸ? ò g~ ~mV "gÝZ`mg{ZU©`' J«ÝW_| ""AÌmaåô
gmo A~ H$hV h|Ÿ: ...'' gy§ boòH|$ ""h[aa² AÌ Z eŠZmo{V H$Vwª ~mYm§ Hw$Vmo@nao'' n`©ÝV H$hr ho.
`hm§ "AÌ'Ÿ=Ÿ(Ÿ`hm§Ÿ) nXgy§ kmZ_mJ©_| ~hmoV {d¿Z hmo`doH$mo gyMZ hmo` ho.
VXm ^do X ² X`mbw Ë d_² AÝ`Wm H« y $ aVm _VmŸ&&
~mYe‘>m@{n ZmñË`Ì VX² AÜ`mgmo@{n {gÕ`{VŸ&&14Ÿ&& `hm§ e‘>m H$a| h| Omo ^ŠV_| ^JdËñdê$nHo$ {_bZH$s A{^bmfm {dÚ_mZ
hmo` ho. gmo A{^bmfm AnZo Amoa à^w Ho$ ~rM_| ôXkmZHo$ H$maU hr hmo` ho.
ôXkmZH$mo H$maU Xohm{XH$H$mo A{^_mZ hmoV ho. Egmo A{^_mZ Vmo ~mYê$n
VXmŸ=ŸV~, X`mbwËd§Ÿ=ŸX`mbwnZm| ~mYe‘>mŸ=Ÿ~mYH$s e‘>m
_mÝ`mo Om` hoŸ! Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo kmZ_mJ©_| Oog| ""gmo Ah§'' Egr
401 402
ñ\y${V© hmo` ho Vog| {ZamoY_mJuHw§$ ànÄMH$s {dñ_¥{V hmo` Omdogy§ AnZo Xohm{XH$Z²_| N>mo{‹S>H|$ AmnHo$ MaU_ybH$s eaU Amò h|'' BË`m{XH$ {Zê$nUgy§ OmÝ`moOm` ho.
à^wH$mohr AÜ`mg {gÕ hmo` ho, dmHw§$ à^w AnZogy§ {^ÝZ Zmht ñ\y$ao h|. Oog| Vmgy§hr à^whþ Amn H¥$nm H$[aHo$ àW_ H$ømo Egmo AmZÝX AZw^dmdo h|.
g§gmarZ²Hw§$ g§gmaH$mo AÜ`mg hmo` ho Eg| ^ŠVHw§$ `m AdñWm_| gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_H$mo
AÜ`mg hmo` ho. Vmgy§ dmH$mo ñd^mdhr nbQ> Om` ho Egmo "{gÕç{V'nXgy§ H$øm `hm§ e‘>m H$ao h| Omo à^w AmZÝXH$mo AZw^d H$amdo h| V~ Xw…I Ho$go aho
ho. ò ~mV lr^mJdV_| ""VÝ_ZñH$m: VXmbmnm…'' `m íbmoH$Ho$ {ddaU_| hoŸ? `mHo$ g_mYmZ_| H$hV h| Omo à^wHo$ JwUJmZ(Ÿê$n gmYZŸ)gy§ gwIH$mo ñne©
g{dñVa ho Vmgy§ {deof {OkmgyHw§$ dmnogy§ OmZ boZmoŸ&&14Ÿ&& hmo`dogy§ nyU© ^ò Ego CZ (Ÿ{ZaY_mJu`ZŸ)Hw§$ gd©Xm VmXmËå` (ŸEH$VmŸ)gy§
Xw…Iñdê$nH$mo ^mZhr Zht hmo` ho Vmo Xw…IH$s gå^mdZm Vmo Ho$g| hmo` gHo$Ÿ?
`hm§ e‘>m H$ao h| Omo d¡am½` Zmht hmo`dogy§ nydm}ŠV àmH¥$V {df`Z²H$mo Amoa Omo Vmnê$nVm Xo{Ido_| Amdo ho VmHw§$ gwIê$nVm hmo`dogy§ gwIê$nhr
AÜ`mg Ho$g| {Zd¥Îm hmo`JmoŸ? `mH$mo g_mYmZ H$aV h|Ÿ: OmZZrŸ&&15Ÿ&&
A~ Cng§hma H$aV h|Ÿ:
^JdX² Y _© - gm_Ï`m© X ² {damJmo {dfò pñWa…Ÿ&&
Jw U ¡ a ² hao … gw I ñnem© V ² Z Xw … I§ ^m{V H${h© { MV² Ÿ &&15Ÿ&& Ed§ kmËdm kmZ_mJm© X ² CËH$fm} Jw U dU© Z o Ÿ &&
A_Ëga¡ a ² Abw ã Y¡ í M dU© Z r`m… gXm Jw U m…Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&
^JdX²Y_©-gm_Ï`m©V²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwU¡…Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²gy§,Ÿhao…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$
Y_©Ho$ gm_Ï`©gy§, {dfòŸ=Ÿ{df`_| gwIñnem©V²Ÿ=ŸgwIX ñne©gy§ Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magy§ MŸ=ŸAmoa
pñWa…Ÿ=ŸpñWanZogy§ H${h©{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$~hþ, Xw…I§Ÿ=ŸXw…I kmZ_mJm©V²Ÿ=ŸkmZ_mJ©gy§ AbwãY¡…Ÿ=Ÿbmo^ a{hV hmo`H|$
{damJ…Ÿ=Ÿd¡am½`(^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ) ZŸ=ŸZht, ^m{VŸ=ŸAZw^d_|ŸAmdoŸho JwUdU©ZoŸ=ŸJwUHo$ dU©Z_| gXmŸ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa
CËH$fm}Ÿ=Ÿloð>Vm, kmËdmŸ=ŸOm{ZHo$ (Ÿhao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$Ÿ) JwUm…Ÿ=ŸJwU
^mdmW© : JwUJmZ H$[admao ^ŠVH$m| ^JdÕ_©Ho$ ~bgm| Xw…IH$mo H$Xm{MX{n A_Ëga¡…Ÿ=ŸB©î`m©H$mo N>m§{S>Ho$ dU©Zr`m…Ÿ=ŸdU©Z H$aZo
^mZ Zmht hmo` ho. gH$b Eoíd`m©{XH$ JwU`wŠV à^wH$o Y_© JwUJmZÛmam AÝV…H$aU_|
àdoe H$ao h|. {VZHo$ gm_Ï`©gm| àmH¥$V {df`_| Amoa àmH¥$VnZogy§ à^w_|hþ Eg| ^mdmW© : Eg| kmZ_mJ©V| JwUJmZ_| CËH$f© Om{ZHo$ _Ëga Amoa bmo^ a{hV hmo`Ho$
Y_©{d{eï> nwéfHw§$ {damJ ahohr ho. {ZaÝVa JwUH$mohr dU©Z H$aZmo.
Q>rH$m : BVZo {df`nZogy§ Vmo gd©Ì d¡am½`hr ho naÝVw {VZHw§$ namH$mð>mnÝZ Q>rH$m : gmjmV² ^JdXmZÝX gd© BpÝÐ`Z²gy§ ñdmX {b`mo OmgHo$ Egmo hmo`dogy§,
Abm¡{H$H$mZÝXê$n gmjmV² à^w_| {Zê$n{Y ñZohH$[aH|$ Ho$db VXr`nZoH$shr Amoa VmHo$ gmYZê$n JwUJmZ²hþ gwIê$n hmo`dogy§, Amoa kmZ_mJ© H$ï>gmÜ` hmo`dogy§,
~w{Õ hmo` ho. gmo amgnÄMmÜ`m`r_| d«O^ŠVZ²Z| à^yZ²à{V H$ømo ho Omo ""Amn Amoa kmZH$mo \$b Ajan`©dgm`r hmo`dogy§ JwUJmZ kmZ_mJ©gy§ hþ CËH¥$ï> ho Egmo
h_Hw§$ Ka Om`doH$s Amkm H$aV hmo gmo H$Nw> bm¡{H$H$Ÿ-Ÿ{df`m{XH$H$s BÀN>mgy§ Om{ZHo$ {ZamoY_mJuHw§$ ^JdX²^mdHo$ A“rH$magy§ bo`H|$ JwUJmZhr H$aZo Amoa H$Nw>
h_ Amò h| Egr gå^mdZm H$[aH|$ H$aV hmoCJo. naÝVw h_ Vmo gd©{df`Z²Hw§$ gmYZ Zht H$aZo. JwUJmZ H$aV|Ÿ-ŸH$aV| ÑT>mgpŠV hmo` V~ Vmo Amn{hV| JwUJmZ
403 404
hmo`do bmJV h|. naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ OrdZ²H$s JwUJmZ_| ñdV…àd¥{Îm Zht hmo`dogy§ H¥${V-JVrŸ=ŸH¥$Amoa J{V ZòV²Ÿ=ŸàmßV H$aZmo
JwUJmZ H$[adoH$mo CnXoe {X`mo Om` ho. JwUJmZ_| à{V~ÝYH$ _mËg`© Amoa bmo^
BZ Xmo AmÝVa XmofZ²H$mo {ZdmaU H$aZmo Amdí`H$ ho. XygaoH$mo CËH$f© ghZ Z hmo` ^mdmW© : lrh[aHo$ ñdê$nH$mo Ü`mZ gXm H$aVo ahZmo. Š`m|Ho$ ^md_mÌgy§ öX`_|
gHo$ VmHw§$ "_mËg`©' H$ho h|. gmo _mËg`© Amoa bmo^ Hw§$ N>mo{‹S>Ho$ JwUJmZ H$aZmo. àJQ> ^ò dm ^JdËñdê$nH$mo Xe©Z Amoa ñne© Vmo ñnï> hmo` ho. Eg| hr H$aZmo,
BZ XmofZ²H$s à{V~ÝYH$VmH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h| Omo ^JdX²^ŠV_| _mËg`© hmo` Vmo MbZmo, ldU H$aZmo, H$sV©Z H$aZmo òhþ ñnï> hmo` h|. lrh[aHo$ {à` Ego nwÌm{X_|
dm_| gm¡hmX© (Ÿ_¡ÌrŸ) Z hmo`. V~ {dZHo$ g“ à^wHo$ JwUJmZhþ Z hmo` gH|$. Vmgy§ àr{V H$aZmo, nm`w BpÝÐ`H$mo Omo _bm§eË`mJ H$[adoH$mo Y_© ho gmo N>mo{‹S>H|$ eof^mJ
_mËg`©H$mo Ë`mJ H$aZmo. Amoa _Z_| bmo^ hmo` V~ Vmo AW©g§M`H$mohr {~Mma aømo earaH$mohr ho Eg| g_OZmo.
H$ao Vmo ^JdXmdoe H$hm§Vo hmo`Ÿ? ^JdXmdoe Z hmo` BVZmohr Zht {H$ÝVw
^JdX²^ŠVHw§$ Vmo Vmgy§ gd©ñdH$s hm{Z hmo` Vmgy§ BZ XmoC XmofZ²H$mo Ë`mJ
H$aZmoŸ&&16Ÿ&& Q>rH$m : g‘>ëngm|hþ à^wHo$ ñdê$nH$mo gXm Ü`mZ H$aZmo. Oog| ^JdËñdê$Ho$ Xe©Z
Amoa ñne© ñnï> ho Vog| ^JdËgodm gå~pÝY H¥${V Amoa J{V hþ gXm H$aZr.
`hm§ H$ho h| Omo ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo _w»` {gÕmÝV Vmo à^wH$s ñdê$ngodm
H$[adoH$mo hr ho. naÝVw àH¥$V_| Vmo _w»`nZogy§ JwUJmZ H$ømo Om` ho gmo Ho$g|Ÿ? `hm§ Egmo XrIo ho Omo à^w CÕmaHo${bò gmYZ_`m©Xmgy§ g~Z²H$mo A“rH$ma
Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ: H$ao h|. godmH$Vm©Hw§$ _mZgrgodm \$bê$n H$hr ho. VmHo$ gmYZV`m _mJ©{Zð>m
am{IHo$ (ŸVZw{dÎmOmŸ) godm H$aZr Amdí`H$ ho. Amoa {OZH$mo nw{ï>_mJ©_| {Z…gmYZnZog§y
A“rH$ma ^`mo ho {VZH$m| Vmo A“rH$maV|hr à^w_| AË`ÝV ñZoh^md hmo`dogy§
h[a_y { V© … gXm Üò ` m g‘>ënmX{n VÌ {hŸ&& ñdê$nH$s A{^bmfm hmo` ho. Vm H$[aH|$ à^wHo$ g“ g§bmnm{Xê$n ^mdZm hmo` ho.
Xe© Z § ñne© Z § ñnï>§ VWm H¥ $ {V-JVr gXmŸ&&17Ÿ&& gmo ^mdZm _ZHo$ Y_©ê$n ho Vmgy§ Vm H$aV-H$aV _Zhr ^JdËna hmo` Om` V~
ldU§ H$sV© Z § ñnï>§ nw Ì o H¥ $ îUm{àò a{V…Ÿ&& _mZgr godm {gÕ hmo` ho. (Ÿà^yZ²Z| {dZH$mo {Z:gmYZnZogy§ A“rH$ma {H$`mo
nm`mo a ² _bm§ e Ë`mJo Z eo f ^mJ§ VZm¡ Zò V ² Ÿ&&18Ÿ&& hmo`dogy§Ÿ) CZHw§$ A~ godmH$mo à`moOH$nZmo Zmht hmo`dogy§ ^JdX²^md ÑT>VmHo${bò
JwUJmZ _w»` ho. Vmgy§ JwUJmZ H$[adoH$s AmJ| Amkm H$ar ho. Vmgy§hr ^JdX²daUHo$
nrN>| {OZH$mo ~hmoV ^md ~T²çmo ho Eg| Hw$_m[aH$m nyOm{X g~ N>mo{‹S>H|$ à^yZ²H$mo
h[a_y{V©…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ ñdê$nH$mo ldU§Ÿ=ŸldU
JwUJmZ H$aZ² bJo. ò ~mVH$mo g{dñVa {Zê$nU ""^y`mZ² ZÝXgwV… n{V…''
gXmŸ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa, {hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§ H$sV©Z§Ÿ=ŸH$sV©Z, A{nŸ=Ÿ^r íbmoH$Ho$ lrgw~mo{YZrOr_| {H$`mo ho. gmYZ_mJ©_| eaU Amò ^ŠVhþ gmYZê$n
Üò`mŸ=ŸÜ`mZ H$aZmo ñnï>§Ÿ=Ÿñnï>ê$ngy§(^d{VŸ=Ÿhmodo hoŸ) godm H$a| Vm nrN>| {dZ_| ^JdËñZoh hmo` ho. ñZohHo$ AZÝVa A{YH$ ^md CËnÝZ
g‘>ënmV²Ÿ=Ÿg‘>ëngy§ H¥$îU{àòŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ {à` hmo` V~ JwUJmZÛmam Vm ^mdH$s ÑT>VmHo${bò Ë`mJ H$ao. EgoHw§$hþ J¥hpñW{V
VÌŸ=Ÿdhm§(Ÿ_yVm}Ÿ=Ÿ_y{V©_|Ÿ) nwÌoŸ=ŸnwÌ_|, a{V…Ÿ=ŸñZoh ^mdZmeH$ hmoV ho. Vmgy§ J¥hm{XH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ à^w_|hr _Z am{IH|$ ^mdH$s
gXmŸ=Ÿh_|em, Xe©Z§Ÿ=ŸXe©Z nm`mo…Ÿ=Ÿ_bË`mJopÝÐ`gm| d¥{ÕH$mo `ËZ H$a|Ÿ- Eg| ^pŠVd{Õ©Zr_| ""VmÑeñ`m{n''gy§ bo`H|$ ""Ë`mJ§ H¥$Ëdm
`VoX² `ñVw VXWm©W£H$ _mZg:'' n`©ÝV íbmoH$_| lr_hmà^wOrZo Amkm H$ar ho.
ñne©Z§Ÿ=Ÿñne© _bm§eË`mJoZŸ=Ÿ_bH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$
Amoa nyd© H$hr gmYZê$ngodm VmHo$ {H$ògy§ ñZoh^md hmo`. Vmgy§ (Ÿ^JdËgodmHo$
ñnï>§Ÿ=Ÿñnï>ŸhmodoŸho, VWmŸ=ŸAmoa eof^mJ§Ÿ=Ÿ~mH$sŸaho, VZm¡Ÿ=Ÿeara_| AZdga_| OmoŸ) {dahVmnê$n Xw…I hmo` gmo Xw…IH$s {Zd¥{Îm JwUJmZV|hr hmo`.
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Vmgm| JwUJmZHw§$ _w»` H$ømo ho. Jmo{nH$m… àmoŠVm…'' `m íbmoH$_| ñ\w$Q> H$ømo ho. Amoa Oog| nwÌHw§$ H$mhþ àH$maH$mo
Xw…I Xo{IH|$ VmHo$ Cna ào_ hmo`dogy§ VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmH$mo CnMma H$ao ho Vog| `hm§hþ
A~ H$hV h| Omo Vm àH$ma nw{ï>_mJ©_| A“rH$ma ^`mo ho VmHo$ ñd^mdgy§hr Egr Am{Îm© Xo{IH|$ dmËgë`gy§ Vm Am{V©H$s {Zd¥{Îmnyd©H$ ^mdH$mo XmZ H$aV h|.
CËnÝZ ^ò ^mdm‘w>a, Vmgm| CËnÝZ ^ò ZmZmàH$maHo$ _ZmoaW H$[aH|$ à^wHo$ Oog| nwÌZo ZmZmàH$maHo$ AnamY {H$ò hm|` Vmohþ dmH$mo {dMma Zmht H$[aHo$
ñdê$nH$mo Ü`mZ H$aZmo. gmo ñdê$nhr ^md H$am`dodmamo ho. ^ŠVHo$ _Z_| O~ dmËgë`hr amIo ho Vog| VmÑe^ŠVZ²_|hþ àr{Vhr amIo h|. gmo CZH$s àr{Vhþ
à^wgå~pÝY ZmZmàH$maHo$ _ZmoaW hmoV h| V~ {dZHo$ nyU© Zmht hmoBdoHo$ H$maU ^mdmpË_H$mhr ho. Oog| VmÑe ^ŠVZ²H$m| ^JdXr`Ho$ {dfo nwÌ^mdho Vog| nwÌZ²Hw§$hþ
^ŠVHw§$ Vmn hmoV ho. gmo VmnH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo$ AW© Amoa ^mdHo$ XmT²çm©W© JwUJmZhr ^JdXr`Z²Ho$ {dfo {nV¥-_mV¥^md amIZmo Egmo `hm§ gy{MV hmo` ho.
H$aZ|.
`hm§ Amoa hþ JyT> A{^àm` OmÝ`mo Om` ho. lrH¥$îUHw§$ {à` Vmo AZoH$ hmo`
`hm§ e‘>m H$ao h| Omo AnZo _mJ©_| à^wHo$ ñdê$nH$mo Ü`mZ H$[adoH$mo H$h aho h| naÝVw ""ñ\w$aËH¥$îUào_m_¥V ...'' `m íbmoH$_| d{U©V AmZÝXagê$n lrH¥$îUH$mo
h| Amoa kmZ_mJ©_|hþ Ü`mZ H$[adoH$s H$hr ho Vmo AnZo _mJ©_| Ü`mZ {H$`mo Om` {à`nZmo Vmo Oogmo lr_hmà^wOrH$mo ho Egmo AmoaHo$ {dfo Zmht ho. Vm àr{VH$mo
ho Vm_| H$hm {deofŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo nyd©H$ho àH$magy§ ZmZm_ZmoaW H$[aH|$ hoVwê$n lrñdm{_ZrOrH$mo {à`nZmohþ lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ Cnahr ho, AmoaZ²Ho$ {dfo Zmht
ñdê$n_| ^mdZm H$aZr. Eg| H$aV ^mdmË_H$ à^w dmhr ^mdZm_| àH$Q> hmo`H|$ ho. Š`m| Omo lr_XmMm`©ZH² $§w hr {dZHo$ ^mdmË_H$nZmo Amoa {dZ²H$o ^mdHo$ _Ü`nm{VnZmo
Xe©Z Xo` h|, ñne© H$amdo h|. gmo g~ ^ŠVH$m| AZw^d hmo`Ÿho. Vog| hr g~ {H«$`m ho. Vmgy§ lrAmMm`©OrH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo lrà^wZ²Hw§$ _| {à` hþ§ Amoa nwÌHo$
Amoa à^wHo$ g“ g§bmn BË`m{XH$mo hþ AZw^d ^pŠV_mJu` ^mdZmgm|hr hmo` OmV Cna Oogr àr{V hmo` Vogr _oar Cna {dZH$s (Ÿd«O^ŠVZ²H$sŸ) àr{V ho. Vmgy§
ho. kmZ_mJ©_| H$mhþ àH$maH$mo AZw^d Zmht hmo`Ÿho. Amoa JwUJmZ_|ŸVmo g‘>ën_mÌgy§ _oaoÛmam Omo A“rH¥$V hmo`Jmo dmHo$ Cnahþ {dZH$s Egr àr{V hmo`Jr. AWdm
ñnï>ŸAZw^d hmo` ho Eg| "A{n'eãXgy§ gy{MV hmo` ho. Eg| ^mdZm_| àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ ""lrH¥$îUHw§$ {à` Egmo Omo _| VmHo$ Cna àr{V ho'' Eg| H${hdogy§ AmnHw§$ {dZH$mo
g~ Xw…I {_Q>mdo h| ò "h[a_y{V©:'nXgy§ gy{MVŸhmo`Ÿho. ^mdmË_H$nZmo Amoa {dZH$mo AÝVJ©VnZmo hmo`dogy§ AmYy{ZH$ OrdZ²Hw§$ AmnH$s
H¥$nmV|hr {à`nZmo hmo`Jmo Eg|hþ gy{MV {H$`mo ho.
`hm§ e‘>m H$ao h| Omo ^JdX“rH$ma nyd©H$ H¥$nm hmo` V~ ò g~ ~Zo Eg|
""H¥$nm`wŠVmo `Xm ^doV²'' ò íbmoH$_| H$ømo. naÝVw à^yH$s Egr H¥$nm Vmo O~ Eg| lrAmMm`©Z²H$s H¥$nmgm| a{Vê$n Omo ^md ^`mo ho gmo g_J« àmH¥$Vm§eHw§$
_hV²nwéfZ²H$s H¥$nm hmo` V~ hmoV ho gmo ""_hmVm§ H¥$n`m'' `m íbmoH$_| H$ømo. Nw>‹S>m`Ho$ H«$_gm| Abm¡{H$H$ gmjmV² ^JdXmË_H$ VmŸ-ŸVm {df`Z²Hw§$ BpÝÐ`Z²_|
Vmgy§ ~‹S>oZ²H$s H¥$nmH$mo gånmXZ {H$ò {~Zm à^wH$s àmpßV Ho$g| hmo`Ÿ? `mH$m| ñnï> Ow‹S>mB© XoV h| gmo Ñï>mÝV g{hV {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ:
H$aV h| Omo nyd© H$ho ^ŠV Vmo namH$mð>mnÝZ (ŸlrnwéfmoÎm_Ÿ)Ho$ agHo$ ^moŠVm Amoa
_mËg`m©{X XmofZ²gy§ a{hV h| Amoa à^wHo$ H¥$nmnmÌ Oo hm|` {dZ_| AË`ÝV ñZohdmao nm`w BpÝÐ`H$mo Omo _bm§eË`mJ H$[adoH$mo Y_© ho gmo N>mo{‹S>H|$ eof^mJ
hmo` h|. Vmgy§ CZHw§$ lrH¥$îU OmHw§$ {à` ho AWdm \$b Xodo_| VËna Ego lrH¥$îUHw§$ earaH$mohr ho Eg| g_OZmo. BVZ| _bm§eH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ earaHw§$ ewÕ H$[adodmar
Omo {à` ho Ego ^ŠV_| nwÌVwë` àr{V hmo` ho. Vmgy§ do H¥$nmH$[aHo$ ^mdH$mo XmZ dmohr BpÝÐ` ho Eg| g_{Pdogy§ nm`wBpÝÐ`H$mo earaH$s ew{Õ_| Cn`moJ ^`mo. Amoa
H$aV h|. ^mdH$mo XmZ H$[adogy§ {dZH$mo JwénZmo {gÕ ^`mo Amoa OmHw§$ ^md {X`mo ""dm`wa² _bm§eË`mJoZ eof^md§ VZm¡ ZòV²'' Egmohþ nmR> H$moC Q>rH$m_| A{^àoV ho.
VmHw§$ nwÌnZmo {gÕ ^`mo. Vmgy§ nwÌê$nnZmo H$ømo ho. Amoa AnZo _mJ©_| Vmo ^md VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo gd©Xoh VWm BpÝÐ`Z²_| ì`mßV hmo`H|$ dm`w ahV ho.
Xododmao lrJmonrOZhr h| Vmgy§ {dZH$mo JwénZmo "gÝZ`mg{ZU©`' J«ÝW_| ""H$m¡pÊS>Ý`mo gmo ^wŠV ^B© gH$b dñVyZ²Ho$ _bm§eHw§$ ~hma {ZH$m{gH|$ eof Omo gmam§e hmo`
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VmHw§$ ZmS>rÛmam eara_| Oog| bo` OmV ho Vog| {ZamoYdmamo ^ŠVhþ g~ BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo ZmV… naVamo _ÝÌmo ZmV… naVa… ñVd…Ÿ&
^md à^yZ²_| bo` Om`, Eg| nyU© {ZamoY{gÕ hmo` hoŸ&&18Ÿ&& ZmV… naVam {dÚm VrWª ZmV… namËna_² Ÿ &&20Ÿ&&
g~ BpÝÐ`Z²H$mo ^JdXmgpŠVHo$ ñd^mdgyh§ r ^JdËH$m`©_| `Wm`mo½` {d{Z`moJ Ÿ&&ŸB{V lr_X²dëb^mMm`©{da{MV§ {ZamoYbjU§ gånyU©_²Ÿ&&
hmo`do bJoJmo, Vm_| CnXoe XodoH$mo Š`m à`moOZ hoŸ? Egr {Okmgm hmo` Vhm§ H$hV AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§, naVa…Ÿ=Ÿloð> AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`gy§, naVamŸ=Ÿloð>
h|Ÿ:
_ÝÌ…Ÿ=Ÿ_ÝÌ, ZŸ=ŸZmht {dÚmŸ=Ÿ{dÚm, ZŸ=ŸZmht
(ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§ (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§
`ñ` dm ^JdËH$m`ª `Xm ñnï>§ Z Ñí`Vo Ÿ &&
naVa…Ÿ=Ÿloð>, ñVd…Ÿ=Ÿ(ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) namËna§Ÿ=Ÿloð>V_, VrWªŸ=ŸVrW©
VXm {d{ZJ« h g² Vñ` H$V© ì `: B{V {ZíM`…Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&
ZŸ=ŸZmht (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ) ZŸ=ŸZmht (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
`ñ`Ÿ=ŸOmH$mo,ŸdmŸ=Ÿhþ, `XmŸ=ŸO~ VXmŸ=ŸV~, Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo

^mdmW© : `mgy§ na _ÝÌ, ñVmoÌ {dÚm Amoa VrW© H$moC Zmht ho.
^JdËH$m`ªŸ=Ÿà^wgå~pÝY H$m`© {d{ZJ«h…Ÿ=Ÿ{deofê$ngy§ {ZJ«h
ñnï>Ÿ§ =Ÿñnï>ê$ngy§ H$$V©ì`…Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo
Q>rH$m : BVZo _ÝÌ-ñVmoÌm{X h| gmo bmoH$-doX_| H$øo \$bHw§$ àmßV H$[adodmao h|.
ZŸ=ŸZmht, Ñí`VoŸ=ŸXrIo B{VŸ=Ÿò,Ÿ{ZíM`…Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM` ho Vmgy§ bmoH$ VWm doX _| Omo H$m_Zmdmao h| {dZHw§$ _ÝÌm{XH$Z²H$s ~‹S>mB© ^bo hmoC
naÝVw OmHw§$ bmoH$-doX_| H$hr Egr H$m_Zm Zmht ho Ho$db n^wñdê$n_|hr AmgpŠV
^mdmW© : Om-Om BpÝÐ`H$mo ^JdËH$m`© ñnï> Xo{Ido_| Zmht Amdo Vm-Vm ho dmHw$ _ÝÌm{XH$Z²H$s ~‹S>mB© Zmht ho. Š`m| Omo à^yZ²H$mo JwUJmZ ho gmo bmoH$-
BpÝÐ`H$mo {ZJ«h H$aZmo Egmo {ZíM` amIZmo. doXgy§ {dbjU \$b Xo`dodmamo ho Amoa bmoH$-doXgy§ AVrV (ŸbmoH$doX Ohm§ nhm|{M
Zmht gHo$ Egmo CËH¥$ï>Ÿ) ho ò OVm`doHw§$ \$bH$s ñVw{V H$ar ho. `Ú{n _ÝÌm{XÛmam
Q>rH$m : BVZ| `Ú{n Ego ^ŠVH$s BpÝÐ`| Vmo VmHo$ ^mdHo$ ñd^mdgy§hr Egr {MÎmew{Õ hmo`dogy§ {MÎmH$mo {ZamoY hmo` ho VWm{n dm_| Šboe ~hmoV Amoa \$b
(Ÿ^JdpX²d{Z`moJdmarŸ) hmo` ho VWm{n bm¡{H$H$ _Zwî`Z²H$m| AZwg[adogy§ Om AË`ÝV Aën ho. Amoa JwUJmZÛmam {MÎmH$mo {ZJ«hhþ gwIgy§ hmo` ho VWm \$b
BpÝÐ`H$mo ^JdËH$m`© O~ ñnï> Xo{Ido_| Zmht Amdo V~ bm¡{H$H$ g~Z²H$mo Ë`mJ g~Z²gy§ CËH¥$ï> hmo` ho Vmgy§ JwUJmZhr g~Zgy§ CÎm_ ho Eg| OmZZmoŸ&&20Ÿ&&
H$[aHo$ BpÝÐ`H$mo {ZJ«h H$aZmo. AWm©V² BpÝÐ`Z²Hw§$ bm¡{H$H$_|gy§ {\$am`H|$
^JdËgå~ÝY_| bJm`doHo${bòhr Cna H$Îm©ì`H$mo {d{Y H$ømo hoŸ&&19Ÿ&& Ÿ&&ŸB{V lrdëb^mMm`© {da{MV {ZamoYbjUH$s
Jmoñdm{_ lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamO
Eg| nyU© {ZamoYHo$ ñdê$nH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ JwUJmZ {ZamoYHw$§ {gÕ H$[adodmamo {da{MV d«O^mfmQ>rH$m g_mßV ^B©Ÿ&&
hmo`dogy§ dmHo$ gdm}ËH¥$ï>nZoH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV h|Ÿ: .
409 410
&&godm’$b‘² g{ddaU‘²&& VpËgÕm¡=dmH$s {g{Õ hmo`don| dm=hþ (^dVw=hmo`)
(21) ’$b‘²=’$b A{YH$ma…=A{YH$ma
AnZo ‘mJ©‘| ñdVÝÌ-nwéfmW©nZogh§y r godm H$sZr Om` ho. VmHo$ ’$bHo$ {Zê$nUH$mo CÀ`Vo=H$ømo Om` ho dm=Ho$, AÌ=`hm§
ò J«ÝW ho. Vhm§ eL²H$m hmo` Omo AnZ| godm H$ao h| gmo ñdVÝÌ-nwéfmW©nZogy§hr Abm¡{H$H$ñ`=Abm¡{H$H$Ho$ H$mb…=H$mb
H$ao h|, godmgm| Xygao H$moC ’$b àmßV hmo` Egr Anojmgy§ Vmo Zmht H$a| h|, V~ XmZo=XmZ‘|, {h=Vmo {Z`m‘H$:={Z`m‘H$
godmHo$ ’$bH$mo {Zê$nU Ho$g|? VmH$mo g‘mYmZ Eg| g‘OZmo Omo Or{dV n`©ÝV
AmÚ…=n{hbmo, M=Amoa Z=Zmht
Egr godm Om OrdZo H$ar hmo` VmH$m| XohmdgmZ‘| (AÝV‘|) Omo J{V hmo` gmo `hm§
"’$b'nXgy§ H$ømo ho. BVZ| `hm§ godmH$mo ’$b hmo`doH$mo H$ømo ho gmo AÝV‘| J{V ‘ZmoaW…=‘ZmoaW {h=hr (^d{V=hmo` ho)
hmo`do(Ho$ AW©‘|)H$mo g‘OZm|. gmo ’$b AmOHo$ g‘`‘| Omo godmê$n-ÔZ hmo`
ho Vm‘| AZwñ`yV Omo gdm©Ë‘^md aho ho VmH$[aH|$ àmßV hmo`dodmamo Omo {deof ^mdmW© : {gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbr, nw{ï>àdmh‘`m©Xm, {gÕmÝVahñ`, MVw:íbmoH$s,
ÔZmZÝX ho Vmhrê$n ho. Vmgy§ {deof ÔZmZÝXê$n Omo ’$b ho gmo godmgy§ ^pŠVd{Y©Zr, gÝÝ`mg{ZU©`, {ZamoYbjU J«ÝWZ²‘| Om àH$maH$s ^JdËgodmH$mo
A{V[aŠV (Xygamo) Zmqh ho. CnXoe {X`mo Vm à‘mU ^JdËgodm {Z^dono dmH$s ’$bmdñWmH$mo {Zê$nU A~
H$aV h|. `‘wZmï>H$‘| VZwZdËdH$mo Omo ‘ZmoaW àH$Q> {H$`mo gmo Vmo nw{ï>à^w O~
BVZ| lrJrVmOr‘| lrH¥$îUZ| AOw©Z à{V H$ømo ho Omo ""AÝV‘| Om-Om nw{ï>OrdH$m| Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`©ê$n nw{ï>’$bH$mo XmZ H$[admo Mmh| V~hr nyU© hmoV
^mdH$mo ñ‘aU H$aVmo-H$aVmo earaHw$§ N>mo‹S>o ho Vm-Vm ^mdHw$§ àmßV hmo` ho'' Amoa ho. n[a à^w XmZ H$[admo Mmh| AWdm Z Mmh|, `m ‘maJ‘| ’$b{g{Õ qH$dm
""AÝV‘| Omo ‘{V hmo` gmo J{V hmo`'' Egmo Ý`m` ho. Vmgy§ godmH$mo ’$b godmhr A{YH$ma{g{Õ ‘| H$mb {Z`m‘H$ Zmht ~ZV ho.(H$m[aH$mW©).
ho Eg| g‘OZm|. BVZ| godmgy§ Xygamo ’$b hmo`doH$s eL²H$m H$[aHo$ Omo {damoY
~Vm`mo gmo {damoY Zmht ho. gmo godmH$mo ’$b Ho$gmo hmo`? Eg| Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m godm H$[adodmao nw{ï>^ŠVH$s ’$bmZw^{y VHo$ VrZ àH$ma h|:(1) Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`©
hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|: AWm©V² ‘mZgr godm, ì`gZmpË‘H$m ^pŠV, gdm©Ë‘^mdê$nm {ZamoY{g{Õ. (2)
gm`wÁ` AWm©V² gmjmV² nwéfmoËV‘‘| brbmZw^mdH$s VËVV² H$mb‘| gå^mdZmdmamo
`mÑer go d Zm àmo Š Vm VpËgÕm¡ ’$b‘w À `Vo & & b`. (3) d¡Hw$ÊR>m{X bmoH$Z²‘| godmon`mo{JXohH$s àmpßV ({ddaUmW©).
Abm¡ { H$H$ñ` XmZo {h MmÚ… {gÕço Z ² ‘Zmo a W…&&1&&
’$b§ dm ø{YH$mamo dm Z H$mbmo @ Ì {Z`m‘H$…&& Q>rH$m : Oogr godm (‘oZ|) H$hr ho Vogr godm {gÕ hmo` V~ dmH$mo Omo ’$b hmo`
gmo `m J«ÝW‘| H$hV h|. Abm¡{H$H$H$mo XmZ hmo` V~ AmÚ (‘w»` ’$bê$n)
‘ZmoaW {gÕ hmo`. ’$b {gÕ hmo` AWdm A{YH$ma {gÕ hmo` Vm‘| H$mb
godm`m§ ’$bÌ`‘² Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`ª gm`wÁ`§ godmon`mo{JXohmo #B1#A {Z`m‘H$ Zmht ho AWm©V² H$mbH$s Anojm Zmht ho.
d¡Hw$ÊR>m{Xfw.
godm’$bH$mo {ddaU lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Z|hr {H$`mo ho Vm‘| Amkm H$ar ho Omo

`mÑer=Om àH$maH$s {gÕçoV²={gÕ hmo` ho ""godm`m§ ’$bÌ`‘²• Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`ª, gm`wÁ`§, godmon`mo{JXohmo dm
godZm=godm, àmoŠVm=H$hr ’$b§=’$b
godm’$b‘² godm’$b‘²
411 412
d¡Hw$ÊR>m{Xfw''. BVZ| Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`©, gm`wÁ` AWdm d¡Hw$ÊR>m{XH$ bmoH$Z²‘| àmW©Zmgy§ "a‘md¡Hw$ÊR>' bmoH$ {gÕ {H$`mo ho gmo g‘OZm| Eg| H$moC (Q>rH$mH$ma)
godm‘| Cn`moJr Xoh {‘bo, Eg| godm‘| VrZ ’$b h|. AWm©V² lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Z| Om H$hV h|. Amoa H$moC (Q>rH$mH$ma) AjamË‘H$ ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR> H$hV h|; VWm{n
ar{Vgy§ ñZoh g{hV lrd«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ ^mdnyd©H$ godm H$[adoH$s Amkm H$ar ho Vmhr ‘`m©Xm‘| OmH$mo A“rH$ma hmo` VmHw$§ Abm¡{H$H$ gm‘Ï`© XoH|$ ’$b Xo`doH$s BÀN>m
ar{Vgy§ Or{dV n`©ÝV godm H$ao Vmo AÝV‘| ’$b hmo` gmo H$hV h|. gmohr ~mV à^w H$a| V~ AmÚ (àW‘ ’$bê$n) ‘ZmoaW {gÕ hmo`. Amoa àdmh‘| OmH$mo
^pŠVd{Y©Zr‘| ""godm`m§ dm H$Wm`m§ dm'' `m íbmoH$gy§ OVmB© ho. Vm‘| Egmo A“rH$ma hmo` VmHw$§ Abm¡{H$H$ gm‘Ï`©ê$n ’$b H$~hþ Z {‘bo `h A{^àm` Vmo
A{^àm` ho Omo ""Or{dV n`©ÝV godm‘| AWdm H$Wm‘| OmH$s ÑT> AmgpŠV hmo` XmoC AW©‘| g‘mZhr ho.
VmH$mo H$moD$ ñWb‘| Zme Zmht ho'' Eg| H${hHo$ Or{dV n`©ÝV godm H$[adogy§ ’$b
hmo`doH$mohr OVm`mo ho. AmÚ ’$b gmo Ho$db ñdê$nH$[aH|$hr gmÜ` ho Egmo OVm`doHo${bò ‘yb‘|
"{h' Aì`` {b»`mo ho. Vhm§ eL²H$m hmo` Omo AmÚ’$b hmo`doH$mo A{YH$ma Z
`hm§ VrZ ’$b hmo`doH$mo {dH$ën {H$`mo ho gmo ^pŠV‘mJ©‘| nw{ï>, ‘`m©Xm Amoa hmo` Vmo à^w Ho$g| ‘ZmoaW nyU© H$a|? Egr eL²H$m H$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò H$hV h| Omo
àdmh Ego ôXH$[aH|$ OrdZ²‘| VrZ àH$maH$mo (^JdmZ²H$mo) A“rH$ma ho; Vmgy§ ""’$b AWdm A{YH$ma {gÕ H$a| dm‘| H$mb {Z`m‘H$ Zmht ho''.
A{YH$marHo$ ôXH$[aH|$ VrZ àH$maH$s godm hmo` ho, VmV| ’$bhþ VrZ àH$maH$mo
H«$‘H$[aH|$ H$ømo ho. Vm‘| àW‘ nw{ï>godmH$mo ’$b H$hV h| Omo Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`© {Q>ßnUr : *Oog| A§VJ¥©hJVmZ²Hw$§ gm`wÁ` {X`mo ho, gmo O~ {dZHo$ g§J a‘U
hmo`. BVZ| Ho$db gdm©Ë‘^mdgy§hr àmßV hmo`dodmamo Omo ÔZmZÝX ho VmH$mo H$[adoH$s ^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>m hmo` V~ ~m{ha àH$Q> H$[aH|$ {dZHo$ g§J à^w a‘U
AZw^d hmo`, gmo Abm¡{H$H$ ’$b ho. gmo AnZo {H$ò ^ò H$mo{Q> gmYZZ²gy§hþ àmßV H$aV h| Amoa a‘UÛmam ÔZmZÝXH$mo XmZH$[aH|$ {’$a gm`wÁ` H$aV h|.
hmo` Egmo Zmht ho. VmHo$ AZw^dH$s `mo½`Vm H$[adodmamo Omo A{YH$ma ho gmo
"Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`©' H$ømo Om` ho. ^JdmZ²Ho$ {dà`moJHw$§ ghZ H$[agHo$ gmo
"Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`©' Egmohþ H$moC Q>rH$mH$maH$mo A{^àm` ho. Eg| XmoC àH$maHo$ A~ dm‘| VrZ à{V~ÝYH$ h| gmo H$hV h|:
Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`©‘| Ñï>mÝVê$n d«O^ŠVhr h|.
CÛoJ… à{V~ÝYmo dm ^moJmo dm ñ`mÎmw ~mYH$…&&2&&
Xygamo ’$b gm`wÁ` H$ømo ho. gmo ‘`m©Xm‘| OmH$mo A“rH$ma ho VmHw$§ hmo`, gmo
lrnwéfmoÎm‘‘| gm`wÁ` hmo`, Aja‘| Zmht. Š`m| Omo Aja‘| gm`wÁ` Vmo Ho$db‘`m©Xm‘| godm`m§ à{V~ÝYH$ Ì`‘² CÛoJ… à{V~ÝYmo ^moJmo dm. Ì`mUm§ gmYZn[aË`mJ…
kmZm{XH$Z²gy§ hmo` ho. VmH$s Anojmgy§ Vmo nw{ï>‘| {deof ’$b hmoZmohr M{hò, gmo H$V©ì`….
lrnwéfmoÎm‘‘| gm`wÁ` hmo` gmohr {deofVm g‘OZr. Š`m| Omo lrnwéfmoÎm‘‘| gm`wÁ`dmao
^ŠVZ²H$w § Vmo g‘` nm` ~m{ha àH$Q> H$[aH|$ #B*#A^JdmZ² ÔZmZÝXH$mo AZw^dê$n ({H$ÝVw) CÛoJ…=CÛoJ ^moJ…=^moJ, dm=hþ
’$b XoV h|, Vmgy§ nw{ï>‘`m©Xm‘| àW‘ gm`wÁ`, ‘Ü`‘| ÔZmZÝXH$mo AZw^d Amoa
à{V~ÝY…=à{V~ÝY ~mYH$…=~mYH$
AÝV‘| ’o$[a dhm§hr gm`wÁ` hmo` ho.
dm=AWdm ñ`mV²=hmo`
Amoa Vrgamo ’$b d¡Hw$ÊR>m{XH$Z²‘| godm¡n{`H$ XohH$s àmpßVê$n ho. gmo àdmh‘|
OmH$mo A“rH$ma hmo` VmHw$§ hmo`. `hm§ Omo "d¡Hw$ÊR>' H$ømo ho gmo lrbú‘rOrH$s ^mdmW© : nydm}ŠV J«ÝWZ²‘| Cn{Xï> ^JdËgodmHo$ AZwð>mZ‘|, naÝVw, ~mYH$hþ VrZ
413 414
h|: 1.CÛoJ 2.à{V~ÝY Amoa 3.^moJ. gmo VrÝ`m| ~mYH$Z²H$mo n[aË`mJ H$aZm|.(H$m.{d.)
AH$V© ì `§ ^JdV… gd© W m Mo X ² J{Va² Z {h&&
Q>rH$m : CÛoJ, à{V~ÝY Amoa ^moJ ò VrZ godm’$b‘| ~mYH$ h|. BVZ|, ‘Z‘| CÛoJ `Wm dm VËËd{ZYm© a mo {ddo H $… gmYZ§ ‘V‘² & &3&&
aho Vmo godm‘| {MÎmhr aho Zmht V~ ^JdËàdU {MÎm hmo`doê$n Omo godm ho gmo ~mYH$mZm§ n[aË`mJmo ^mo J o ß ò H § $ VWm na‘² & &
{gÕ hmo` Zmht, V~ ’$b H$hm§gy§ {‘bo? {ZîàË`y h § ‘hmZ² ^mo J … àW‘o {deVo gXm&&4&&
Xygamo ~mYH$ à{V~ÝY ho, gmo gmYmaU Amoa ^JdËH¥$V Ego ôXgy§ Xmo` 1
^moJmo {Û{dY… bm¡{H$H$mo Abm¡{H$H$íM. VÌ bm¡{H$H$… Ë`mÁÈd.
àH$maH$mo ho. VmH$mo {ddoMZ AmJo Amdo ho. Amoa Vrgamo à{V~ÝY ^moJ ho. BVZ|, Abm¡{H$H$ñVw ’$bmZm§ ‘Üò àW‘o à{de{V#B2#A. à{V~ÝYmo{n {Û{dY… gmYmaUmo
bm¡{H$H$^moJ‘| AmgpŠV hmo` V~ Vm§B© EH$mJ«Vmgy§ godm hmo` gHo$ Zmht, Eg| VrZ ^JdËH¥$VíM VÌ AmÚmo ~wÕçm Ë`mÁ`…. ^JdËH¥$V… MoV² à{V~ÝY… VXm ^JdmZ²
à{V~ÝY h|. Amoa ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝY ho VmH$s Vmo {Zd¥{Îm hmo` gHo$ Zmht Vmgy§ ’$b§ Z Xmñ`{V B{V ‘ÝVì`‘². VXm AÝ`godm{n ì`Wm©. VXm Amgwamo`§ Ord: B{V
CÛoJ, bm¡{H$H$^moJ VWm gmYmaU à{V~ÝY ò VrÝ`m|Z²H$mo Ë`mJ H$[adoH$s {ddaU‘| {ZYm©a…. VXm kmZ‘mJ}U ñWmVì`§ emoH$m^mdm` B{V "{ddoH$…'.
Amkm H$ar ho. Omo ""Ì`mUm§ gmYZn[aË`mJ… H$V©ì`…'' BVZ| VrÝ`mo à{V~ÝYZ²H$s
CËnÎmrZ²Ho$ H$maUê$n Omo hm|` VmH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZmo. ^JdV…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²H$m| _V_²Ÿ=Ÿ_mZZmo, ^moJoŸ=Ÿ^moJ_|
(Ÿ\$bXmZ§Ÿ=Ÿ\$bXo`doH$moŸ) A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ~mYH$mZm§Ÿ=Ÿ~mYH$Z²H$mo
Vhm§ eL²H$m hmo` Omo godm hmo` Vm g‘` bm¡{H$H$ AWdm d¡{XH$ H$m`© Am` gd©WmŸ=ŸH$moB^r Vahgy§ n[aË`mJ:Ÿ=ŸË`mJ, EH§$Ÿ=ŸEH$
n‹S>| V~ godm‘| à{V~ÝY hmo` gmo gmYmaU à{V~ÝY ho; naÝVw `h H$m`© bmoH$- AH$V©ì`§Ÿ=ŸZ H$adonZm| hmo` (gmYZ§Ÿ=ŸgmYZ,Ÿ_V_²Ÿ=Ÿ_mÝ`mo ho)
doX{gÕ h| Vmgy§ dmH$mo Ë`mJ Vmo hmo` gHo$ Zmht V~ Ho$g| H$aZmo? Egr eL²H$mH$s
MoX²Ÿ=ŸOmo(ŸVXmŸ=ŸV~Ÿ) (Ÿ^moJoŸ=Ÿ^moJ_|, A{nŸ=ŸhþŸ)
{Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò {ddaU‘| Amkm H$ar ho Omo bm¡{H$H$^moJ N>mo‹S> XoZm| Amoa gmYmaU
à{V~ÝY ho gmo ~w{ÕH$[aH|$ N>mo‹S>Zmo; BVZ| godm‘| à{V~ÝYH$nZogy§ bm¡{H$H$- J{V…Ÿ=ŸJ{V, Z{hŸ=ŸZmht hr {ZîàË`yh§Ÿ=Ÿ{Z{d©¿Z, na§Ÿ=Ÿloð>
d¡{XH$H$m`©ê$n gmYmaU à{V~ÝY Amdo V~ godmHo$ AZdga‘| H$[adoH$mo {ZíM` ({dÚVoŸ=Ÿaho ho,ŸVñ_mX²Ÿ=ŸVmgm|) (ŸgmYZ§Ÿ=ŸgmYZ, _V_²Ÿ=Ÿ_mZZmo
H$aZm|; AWm©V² nwÌHo$ {ddmhm{XH$ bm¡{H$H$ H$m`© Amd| AWdm H$Nw> d¡{XH$ H$m`© `WmŸ=ŸOogo, dmŸ=Ÿhþ `ñ_mX²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$Ÿ) _hmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ_hmZ²
Amdo V~ àW‘gy§hr ~w{ÕH$[aH|$ godm‘| à{V~ÝY Z hmo` Egr ar{Vgy§ {Zdm©h VÎd{ZYm©amoŸ=ŸVÎdH$mo {ZU©` ^moJ…Ÿ=Ÿ^moJ, gXmŸ=ŸgXm
H$aZm|. Amoa àW‘gy§ {ZíM` hmo` gHo$ Egmo H$moC Amdí`H$ bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$H$m`© (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo`Ÿ)VWmŸ=ŸVog| àW_oŸ=Ÿn{hbo_|
Am` n‹S>çmo hmo` V~ earam{XH$gy§ dmo H$m`© H$aZmo naÝVw ~w{Õ ^JdËgodm‘|hr
{ddoH$…Ÿ=Ÿ{ddoH$, gmYZ§Ÿ=ŸgmYZ {deVoŸ=Ÿg_mdoe hmo` ho
amIZr, dm H$m`©‘| amIZr Zmht. Amoa Abm¡{H$H$^moJ Vmo VrÝ`mo ’$b‘| Omo ‘Ü`‘
’$b ho Vm‘| ‘w»` ho&&2&&
^mdmW© : ^JdmZ²H$m| \$bXmZoÀN>m O~ Z hmo` V~ OrdHo$ nmg H$moC J{VŸ-
ŸCnm` a{h Zmht OmV ho. Vmgm| ""ò OÝ_ _oamo Amgwamdoe dmamo ho'' Egmo
gmYmaU à{V~ÝYZ²H$mo àVrH$ma eŠ` hmoV ho n[a ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝYH$mo
VÎd{ZYm©a H$[a boZm|. `m| {ddoH$hr Vhm§ emoH$dmaUH$m| gmYZ ho. CÛoJ, à{V~ÝY
Zmht, Ego g‘wPmB©Ho$ gmYmaU à{V~ÝYZ²Ho$ àVrH$maH$mo Cnm`hþ g‘wPmdV h|:
Aé ^moJ Ho$ H$maUZ²H$mo AWdm gmYZZ²H$mo n[aË`mJ H$aZm| M{hò. ^moJhþ_|
415 416
^pŠV~mYH$ {df`Z²H$mo n[aË`mJ EH$ gmYZ ho, Vog|hr {ZîàË`yh (Ÿ^JdËg_{n©V Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo gd©Wm \$b Xo`doH$s BÀN>m à^wHw§$ Z hmo` gmo Vmo
{df`Z²H$mo Cn^moJŸ) Xygamo AWdm loð> gmYZ _mÝ`mo OmV ho. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ AmgwaOrdZ² {dfo hmo` ho, X¡drZ² {dfo Vmo Zmht hmoV ho. Amoa ò Vmo ^JdÝ_mJ©_|
H$hV h| Omo _hmZ² (Ÿ^JdËg_{n©V {df`Z²H$moŸ) ^moJ Vmo Abm¡{H$H$ gm_Ï`©ê$n Am`mo ho, godm H$ao ho Vmgy§ X¡dr Ord ho, VmHw§$ gd©Wm \$bH$mo A^md Ho$g| H$ømo
àW_ \$bHo$ AÝVJ©V hmoV hoŸ&&3-4Ÿ&& Om`Ÿ? Egr e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò {ddaU_| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""VXm Amgwam@`§
Ord B{V {ZÕm©a…''. BVZ|, gw{ï>H$s Am{X_|hþ à^wH$s BÀN>mgy§hr AmgwaOrd ^ò
{ddaUmW© : (Ÿ1Ÿ) ^moJ Xmo` àH$maHo$ hmoV h| H$.Ÿbm¡{H$H$ I.ŸAbm¡{H$H$. {VZ_| Vog| O~ à^wH$s BÀN>m OrdHw§$ Amgwa H$[adoH$s hmo` V~ Ord Amgwa hmo`. Vmgy§
bm¡{H$H$ Ë`mÁ` hmoV ho n[a Abm¡{H$H$ ^moJ Vmo Abm¡{H$H$ gm_Ï`©ê$n \$bHo$ ^ŠVH$mo A{VÛof H$ao V~ dmo Ord X¡d ^`mo hmo` Vmohþ dmHw§$ Amgwa H$a|. BVZ|,
AÝVJ©V hmoV ho. (Ÿ2Ÿ) à{V~ÝYhþ Xmo` àH$maHo$ hmoV h|Ÿ- (ŸH$Ÿ) gmYmaU (ŸIŸ) godm{XH$gy§ X¡d XrIdo_| AmdVmo hmo` Amoa ^ŠVH$mo Ûofhþ H$aVmo hmo` V~ Vmo `h
^JdËH¥$V². Vhm§ gmYmaU à{V~ÝY Vmo bm¡{H$H$ MmVwargm| Xya hmo` gHo$ n[a Omo Amgwa Ord ho Eg|hr OmZZm|. Vmgy§ à{V~ÝYHo$ ñdê$nHw§$ Om{Zdodmao Omo d¡îUd h|
^JdËH¥$V² à{V~ÝY hmo` gmo Vmo ""^JdmZ² _moH$m| \$bXmZ H$[admo Zmht MmhV CZHw§$ Vmo Xw…g“m{XH$Z²_| gmdYmZhr ahoZmo.
h|'' Eg| _m{Z boZmo. Vmohþ AÝ`ml` Vmo H$V©ì` Zmht ho n[a ""_oao ñdm_rZ| ò OZ_ Amoa Om OrdHw§$ godm_| ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝY hmo` VmHw§$ nrN>| níMmÎmmn
_oamo Amgwamdoe`wŠVhr am{IdoH$mo {dMm`m} ho'' Egmo AmnwZo ñdê$nH$mo VËd{ZYm©a hmo`H|$ godm Zmht ~{ZdoH$mo emoH$ hmo`. V~ nyd©gy§ dh ^pŠV_mJu` ho Vmgy§ emoH$
OrdH$m| H$[a boZmo. Aé à^w Vmo H$Vw©_²-AH$Vw©_²-AÝ`WmH$Vw©_² g_W© h|. Aé Z hmo`doHo${bò VËËd{ZÕm©aHo$ Cnm`^yV {ddoH$ê$n gmYZ H$hV h| Omo ""Om
{ZOoÀN>mgm|hr g~ H$Ny> AnZr brbm H$aV h|, Ego {ddoH$Ûmam _mhmËå`kmZH$mo àH$magy§ emoH$H$mo A^md hmo` dm àH$maH$mo kmZ amIZmo òhr gmYZ ho''. Vm_|
Adbå~Z H$[a boZmo Vmgm| ì`W© emoH$H$mo {ZdmaU hmoV ho. Vmgm| Vrgar Cn{ZfX²Ho$ kmZH$s Anojm Zmht ho {H$ÝVw gm§»`, `moJ AWdm AÝ` Cnm`gm|
H$m[aH$m_| "{ddoH$' nX am»`mo ho. VËËd{ZíM` H$[aHo$ à^yZ²Z|hr ò g~ {H$`mo ho, gd© OJV² ~«÷mË_H$ ho, _| H$moZ
hþ§, gmYZ H$hm ho, \$b H$hm ho, XmVm H$moZ ho, ^moŠVm H$moZ ho -BË`m{XH$
VËËdH$mo {ZYm©a H$aZmo. Vmgy§ emoH$ {Zd¥Îm hmo`. òhr A{^àm` ""VXmkmZ_mJ}U
Q>rH$m : ^JdmZ²H$m| gd©Wm H$Îm©ì` Z hmo` V~ Vmo J{V Zmht ho. V~ Vmo Om
ñWmVì`§ emoH$m^mdm` B{V {ddoH$…'' Eg| {ddaU_| OVm`mo ho.
ar{Vgy§ VËËdH$mo {ZYm©a hmo` dm ar{Vgy§ {ddoH$ amIZm|, òhr gmYZ _mÝ`mo ho.
BVZ|, Om OrdD$na ^JdmZ²H$s {deof H¥$nm hmo` VmH$mo Ûofm{XH$ H$[adogy§
^JdmZ² godm_| Omo à{V~ÝY H$a| gmo "^JdËH¥$Và{V~ÝY' OmZZm|. V~, ^JdmZ² {ddaU_| ""emoH$Ho$ A^mdHo${bò kmZ_mJ©H$[aH|$ ahoZmo'' Eg| H$ømo ho
gd©gm_Ï`©`wŠV Amoa ñdVÝÌ h| Amoa {dZH$s BÀN>m dm OrdH$s nmg godm VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo XrgV ho Omo kmZ_mJ©H$s pñW{Vgy§ emoH$H$mo A^mdhr \$b
H$am`doH$s Z ^B© V~ gd©Wm \$bH$mo A^mdhr ho, Eg| OmZZm|. V~ _Z_| Egmo hmo`, kmZ_mJu` _wpŠV Z hmo`. naÝVw dmH$mo Egmo A{^àm` ho Omo _yb_| ""Oogmo
{dMma hmo` Omo ^JdmZ²Z| à{V~ÝY {H$`mo Vmo XygaoH$s godm H$[adogy§ Xygamo \$b VÎdH$mo {ZÕm©a hmo` Egmo {ddoH$ amIZm|'' Eg| H$ømo ho Vmgy§ dm AmgwaOrd_|hþ
{_boJmo Ego {dMmaH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò {ddaU_| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""^JdËH¥$V Amdoer Amoa ghO Ego Xmo` ôX h|. Vm_| Omo Amdoer ho gmo Vmo Amdoe aho V~
à{V~ÝY hmo` V~ AÝ`H$s godmhþ ì`W© ho''. H$`m|, Omo ì`mggyÌ_| H$ømo ho Omo Vm§B ^ŠVH$mo Ûofm{XH$ H$ao Amoa Amdoe {_{Q>Om` V~ ^ŠVHo$ Cna Ûofm{XH$hþ
""g~ \$b ^JdmZ²gy§hr {_bo ho''. BVZ|, gd©\$b Xo`dodmao à^whr h|. Amoa Xygao {_{Q>Om`. EgoHw§$ Vmo kmZ_mJm©H$[aH|$ gË`bmoH$_| pñW{V AWdm Aja~«÷H$s
Omo \$b XoV h| gmo à^wHo$ AmYrZ h|. Vmgy§ à^wH$s \$b Xo`doH$s BÀN>m Z hmo` àmpßV hmo`. Amoa ghOmgwa hmo` J`mo hmo` Vmgy§ gd©Xm ^ŠV Cna Ûof am{IH|$ Ðmoh
V~ Xygaohþ \$b Xo` gH|$ Zmht Vmgy§ gd©Wm dmHw§$ \$bH$mo A^mdhr ho. H$`m} H$ao VmHw§$ Vmo kmZ_mJ©H$s pñW{Vgy§hþ dm _mJ©H$mo \$b Z hmo` naÝVw
emoH$m^md ê$n \$b hmo`. BVZ|, eaU Am`dodmamo Ordhþ ghOmgwa hmo` Om` Vmohþ
417 418
dmHw§$ emoH$m^mdê$n \$b Vmo hmo`Ÿ&&3Ÿ&& {ÛVr`mo ^JdËH¥$Và{V~ÝY…. kmZpñWË`^mdo {MÝVm^mdmW©_² Amh
"{ÛVr`'B{V.
""VrÝ`m| ~mYH$H$mo n[aË`mJ H$aZmo'' Vm_| ^moJ Omo ~mYH$ {b»`mo ho gmo
bm¡{H$H$ ^moJ ~mYH$ ho. Amoa Abm¡{H$H$ ^moJ \$bê$n ho Vmgy§ ^moJhþ EH$ ZËdmÚo XmV¥ V m ZmpñV V¥ V rò ~mYH§ $ J¥ h _² Ÿ &&
\$bê$n ho Amoa EH$ ~mYH$ê$n ho Eg| OmZZmo. Amoa {Z{d©¿Z _hmZ² ^moJ ho VmH$mo AmÚ\$bm^mdo ^JdVmo XmV¥Ëd§ ZmpñV. VXm godm Z Am{YX¡{dH$s BË`wŠV§
àdoe gXm àW_\$b_| ho. BVZ|, ^moJ_|hþ Abm¡{H$H$^moJê$n\$b_| à{dï> ho Vmgy§ ^d{V. ^moJm^md… VX¡d {gÜ`{V `Xm J¥hn[aË`mJ….
dmhr àH$magy§ ^moJ H$aZmo. Amoa XmoC à{V~ÝYZ²_| "na' Zm_ ^JdËH¥$V Omo
à{V~ÝY ho VmH$mo Vmo Ë`mJ hmo` gHo$ EgmoŸZmht ho Vmgy§ dmHy§$ N>mo{‹S>Ho$ Xygamo
Aën…Ÿ=ŸWmo‹S>mo g§gma{ZíM`mV²Ÿ=Ÿg§gmaH$mo
à{V~ÝY ho gmo ~w{ÕH$[aH|$ N>mo‹S>Zmo.
(ŸMŸ=Ÿhþ, ^moJ…Ÿ=Ÿ^moJŸ) {ZíM` hmo`dogy§, {MÝVmŸ=Ÿ{MÝVm
g{d¿Z…Ÿ=Ÿ{d¿Zg{hV gd©WmŸ=ŸhaVahgy§
Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo bm¡{H$H$^moJ VWm Abm¡{H$H$^moJH$s Vmo Vwë`Vm ho dm_|
VmaVå` Zmht XrgV hoŸ! gmo e‘>mH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò Abm¡{H$H$^moJ_| {dbjUVm KmVH$…Ÿ=ŸKmVH$ Ë`mÁ`mŸ=ŸË`mJZr
H$hV h| Omo Abm¡{H$H$gm_Ï`©ê$n àW_\$b_| ^JdËñdê$nmZÝXHo$ AZw^dê$n ñ`mX²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`, EVm¡Ÿ=Ÿò XmoZm| ZVwŸ=Ÿ (Ÿ`{XŸ=ŸOmoŸ)
^moJ O~ {H$`mo Om` ho V~ dm_| H$mbm{XH$H$[aH|$hþ AÝVam` Zmht hmo` gH$V (Ÿbm¡{H$H$:Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$, AmÚoŸ=Ÿn{hbo_|
ho, Eg| {Z{d©¿Z Abm¡{H$H$ ^moJ {gÕ hmo` ho. Amoa bm¡{H$H$^moJ_| Vmo gXm {d¿Z ^moJ…Ÿ=Ÿ^moJ, XmV¥VmŸ=ŸXo`doH$s BÀN>m
Am`mohr H$ao ho Vmgy§ {Z{d©¿ZVmH$mo gd©Wm A^mdhr ho. Eg| bm¡{H$H$ Amoa ^JdËH¥$VíMŸ=ŸAmoa ^JdmZ²Ho$ ZmpñVŸ=ŸZmht ho
Abm¡{H$H$ ^moJ_| ~hmoV ôX ho. Vmgy§hr g³³`mg{ZU©`_| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""dm_|
Ûmam ^`mo,Ÿà{V~ÝY…Ÿ=Ÿà{V~ÝY) (ŸVXm{nŸ=ŸVmo ^rŸ)
~mYm H$[adoHw§$ h[ahþ g_W© Zmht ho Vmo Xygamo Vmo H$moZ H$a gHo$Ÿ?'' Vog| `h ^moJ
ñdê$ngy§, \$bgy§ Amoa gmYZgy§ ~‹S>mo ho. Š`m| Omo {df`mZÝX VWm ~«÷mZÝXH$s gXmŸ=Ÿh_|em V¥VròŸ=ŸVrgao_|
AnojmH$[aH|$ ÔZmZÝX ~‹S>mohr ho Vmgy§hr VrÝ`m| \$bZ²_| Abm¡{H$H$gm_Ï`©ê$n ~bmX²Ÿ=Ÿ~bnyd©H$ (Ÿbm¡{H$H$^moJoŸ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$^moJ_|Ÿ)
Omo àW_ \$b ho dm_| dmH$mo (ŸÔZmÝXH$moŸ) àdoe hoŸ&&4Ÿ&& (ŸKmVH$m¡Ÿ=ŸKmVH$Ÿ) J¥h§Ÿ=ŸKa
_Vm¡Ÿ=Ÿ_mZo h| ~mYH§$Ÿ=Ÿ~ÝYZH$maH$
ZZw gmYmaUmo ^moJ… H$W§ Ë`ŠVì`:Ÿ? B{V AmH$m§jm`m_² Amh ""g{d¿Zmo {ÛVròŸ=ŸXygao_(| Ÿ^JdËH¥$Và{V~ÝYoŸ= (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ)
Aënmo KmVH$… ñ`mX²''B{V. ^JdmZ²Ho$ H$ao à{V~ÝY_|Ÿ)
g{d¿Zmo @ ënmo KmVH$… ñ`mX² ~bmX² EVm¡ gXm _Vm¡ Ÿ && ^mdmW© : Vog|hr Aën^moJ Vmo AWm©V² bm¡{H$H$^moJ Vmo gd©Xm jwÐ gwI Xo`dodmamo,
g{d¿ZËdmX² AënËdmX² ^moJ… Ë`mÁ`…. EVm¡ gXm à{V~ÝYH$m¡. gmohþ AZoH${dY {d¿ZZ²Ho$ gmW, ho Egr g_O nao V~hr Ny>{Q> gH$V ho. AÝ`Wm
bm¡{H$H$^moJ Aé ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝY ^pŠV^mdHo$ ~bdmZ ~mYH$ ~{Z OmV h|,
{ÛVrò gd© W m {MÝVm Ë`mÁ`m g§ g ma{ZíM`mV² Ÿ &&5Ÿ&& Eg| _m{ZHo$ MbZmo M{hò. ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝY hmo`dono Vmo AnZr g§gmamgpŠV
419 420
Vy{Q>dodmar Zmht ho, Egmo {ZíM` H$[aHo$ {MÝVmH$mo Ë`mJ H$[admohr Cnm` ho. godm
H$aVhþ godH$Ho$ ^rVa O~ Abm¡{H$H$ gm_Ï`©H$mo àmH$Q>ç hmoV Zmht V~ VmH$m| BVZ|, bm¡{H$H$^moJ_| Am{YŸ-Ÿì`m{Yê$nr {d¿Z ~hmoV h|, Vog| H$_© VWm
à{V~ÝYhr _m{Z boZmo C{MV Zmht n[a Abm¡{H$H$ goì`-à^w godH$Ûmam H$ar H$mbm{XH$Z²gy§hþ {d¿Z hmo`doH$mo gå^d ho. VWm ñdê$ngy§, \$bgy§ Amoa gmYZgy§
OmVr godm_| Am{YX¡{dH$Vm àH$Q> hmo`do Xodmo MmhV Zmht h| Ego g_OZm|. hþ Aën ho. Amoa ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝY godmg_`_| AdamoYdmamo hmo`dogy§ KmVH$
bm¡{H$H$ ^moJ Ho$gohþ Ny>Q>V Z hm|` Vmo J¥hË`mJ H$[a XoZmohr AmN>mo (ŸH$m[aH$mW©Ÿ). ho. Eg| Xmo` gXm à{V~ÝYH$ _mZo h|. gmo àW_ Ë`mJH$[ado`mo½` ho Amoa Xygao_|
J{V Zmht. Eg| A{^àm`gy§ {ddaU_| Amkm H$ar ho Omo ""EVm¡ gXm à{V~ÝYH$m¡''
Vhm§ EH$ àíZ CR>V ho Omo gmYmaU ^moJ Ho$go Ny>{Q> gHo$Ÿ? VmH$mo g_mYmZ ò Xmo` gXm à{V~ÝYH$ h|. Eg| bm¡{H$H$^moJ Ë`mJH$[ado`mo½` ho Eg| OVm`H|$
H$hV h| Omo bm¡{H$H$ ^moJ AZoH${dY {d¿ZZ²Ho$ gmW jwÐ gwIHw§$ Xo`dodmamo ho ^JdËH¥$Và{V~ÝYH$mo Ë`mJ hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Amoa kmZ_mJ©H$s pñW{V_| A{YH$ma
VmV| Ë`mÁ`hr ho. n[a Ord O~ gmdYmZr amIV Zmht V~ bm¡{H$H$ ^moJ g{d¿Z Z hmo` Egmo _ÝX_{V hmo` V~ dmHw§$ \$bH$s {MÝVm H$[aHo$ emoH$ hmo` VmH$s
Aé Aën hmo`donohþ ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝYH$s Zm§B© ^JdËgodmHo$ ^pŠV^mdH$mo {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò H$hV h| Omo {ÛVr` (Ÿ^JdËH¥$VŸ) à{V~ÝY hmo` V~ gd©àH$maH$[aH|$
~bdmZ ~mYH$ ~{Z OmV ho. VmV| nm§M_o íbmoH$_| "g{d¿Z' Aé "Aën' AÝ`gy§hþ gd©Wm \$bHo$ gå~ÝYH$mo A^md ho Vmgy§ \$b{df{Ùr {MÝVm N>mo‹S>Zr.
hoVwJ{^©V {deofU h|. ^moJ H$mhoH$m| Ë`mÁ` hoŸ? Vm_o ^moJHo$ ò Xmo` {deofU Š`m| Omo AhÝVm-__VmË_H$ Omo g§gma ho gmo gd©Wm AZW©H$mo _yb ho VmH$mo
g{d¿Z ho VmV| Ë`mÁ` ho Aé AëngwI Xo`dodmamo ho VmV| Ë`mÁ` ho, Ego OZmdV {ZíM` ho. BVZ| ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝYŸhmo` V~ g§gmahr \$b ho Xygamo \$b Zmht
h|. Vog|hr nm§M_o íbmoH$_o "EVm¡' H$ømo, Vhm§ "bm¡{H$H$^moJ' Aé "^JdËH¥$V ho Eg| {ZíM`Ÿg_OZmoŸ&&5Ÿ&&
à{V~ÝY' A{^àoV h|. Vmgm| ò XmoZm| ~bdmZ² ~mYH$ ^ò. nm§M_r H$m[aH$m_|
Xygao à{V~ÝYHo$ hmo`dono {MÝVmË`mJH$s Omo H$hr Vm_| "Xygao' nXH$mo A{^àm` ^JdËgodm H$aVhþ "AmÚ'H$sŸ-ŸAbm¡{H$H$gm_Ï`©H$s AZw^y{V Z hmo` V~
^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝYV| g_OZmo. Vrgar H$m[aH$m_| Cn{Xï> _mhmËå`kmZmdbå~r ^JdmZ²Hw§$ \$b Xo`doH$s BÀN>m Zmht ho Eg| OmZZmo. Amoa V¥Vr`à{V~ÝY Omo
{ddoH$hþ H$moD$ am{I Z gH$V hmo` VmH$s {MÝVmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmH$mo Cnm` "g§gma{ZíM`' bm¡{H$H$^moJ ho Vm_| J¥h ~mYH$ ho.
ho. Omo ^{dVì` OmH$mo {ZpíMV ho VmHw§$ Q>m[adoH$s {MÝVm H$[adoVo H$Ny> bm^ hmoV
Zmht. VmV| \o$[a ^JdËH¥$V à{V~ÝYH$s MMm©_| nwZépŠV Zmht. ^JdËgodm
BVZ|, ""Abm¡{H$H$gm_Ï`©ê$n \$bH$mo A^md hmo` V~ ^JdmZ²H$s \$b
H$aVhþ O~ Abm¡{H$H$ gm_Ï`©H$mo àmH$Q>ç hmoV Z hmo` Vmo VmHw§$ ^JdËH¥$Và{V~ÝY
Xo`doH$s BÀN>m Zmht ho. V~ godmH$mo Am{YX¡{dH$nZmo {gÕ Zmht hmo` ho. Amoa
_m{ZH|$ g§gma{ZíM` Om{Z godmË`mJ H$[admo C{MV Zmht. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? H$hV h|
J¥hH$mo n[aË`mJ hmo` V~hr bm¡{H$H$^moJH$mo A^md hmo`'' Eg| Amkm H$ar ho
Omo `m OZ__| ^yVbno à^w Abm¡{H$H$ gm_Ï`©ê$n \$bXmZ H$[admo Z Mmh| Vmo
VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo ^JdmZ² gd©arVgy§ g_W© h| Amoa AÝV…H$aUHo$
Vogr godm Am{YX¡{dH$s Z ^B© Om{Zò. n[a Xoh Ny>Q>o nmN>| godmon`mo{JXohH$mo XmZ
gå~ÝYdmao h| VWm{n {MÎm_| {djonê$n CÛoJ H$a| V~ _mZgr godm {gÕ Zmht
H$[aHo$ à^w {ZË`brbm_| Am{YX¡{dH$s godm àXmZ H$a|Jo (Ÿ{ddaUmW©Ÿ).
hmo`dogy§ godmH$mo Am{YX¡{dH$nZmo {gÕ hmo` Zmht, V~ ^JdmZ²_| \$b Xo`doH$s
BÀN>mH$mo A^md ho Eg| CÛoJê$n ~mYH$Hw§$ H${hHo$ ^moJê$n ~mYH$_| {dMma H$aV
Q>rH$m : bm¡{H$H$^moJ {d¿Zg{hV ho VWm Aën ho Amoa ^JdËH¥$Và{V~ÝY h| Omo bm¡{H$H$^moJ_| J¥hhr ~mYH$ ho. Š`m| Omo bm¡{H$H$ ^moJ ho gmo ^JdmZ²gy§
~bmËH$magy§ KmVH$ ho Vmgy§ ò XmoC à{V~ÝY _mZo h|. gmo àW_ (Ÿbm¡{H$H$^moJŸ) ~{h_w©IVm gånmXZ H$ao ho, gmo O~ Vm§B© Ka_| pñW{V hmo` V~ Vm§B© {Zd¥Îm H$amo
Ë`mJH$[ado`mo½` ho; Amoa Xygamo (Ÿ^JdËH¥$VŸ) à{V~ÝY hmo` V~ Vmo g§gmaH$mohr Vmohþ {Zd¥Îm hmo` gHo$ Zmht. Vmgy§hr lr_XmMm`©MaUZ²Z| {Z~ÝY_| Amkm H$ar ho
{ZíM` ho. Vmgy§ gd©Wm {MÝVm N>mo‹S>Zr. Omo ""J¥h gdm©Ë_mH$[aH|$ N>mo‹S>Zmo, gmo Ny>Q> gHo$ Zmht Vmo lrH¥$îUHo${bò Ka Omo{‹S>
421 422
XoZm|; Š`m| Omo lrH¥$îU ho gmo AhÝVm-__Vmê$n g§gmaHw§$ Nw>‹S>m`dodmao h|''Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& AWm©V² Xygao \$bH$s Amoa Xygao à{V~ÝYH$s H$ënZm H$aZr gmo _ZH$s ^«mpÝVhr
hoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
Adíò ` § gXm ^mì`m gd© _ ² AÝ`V² _Zmo ^ « _ …Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
VXr`¡ a {n VV² H$m`ª nw ï >m¡ Z¡ d {dbå~ò V ² Ÿ && A~ `hm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo \$b VWm à{V~ÝYH$mo Omo Cna {Zê$nU {H$`mo gmo
Jw U jmo ^ o @ {n Ñï>ì`_² EVXo d o { V _o _{V…Ÿ&&7Ÿ&& Vmo Omo AmnHo$ Am{lV hm|` {dZHw§$ KQ>o Zmht. Š`m| Omo {dZHo$ Xoh VWm
BpÝÐ`m{XH$ g~ à^wZ²Hw§$ g_{n©V h| Vmgy§ g~Z²Hw§$ \$bê$n à^wH$mo gå~ÝY ho,
Vmgy§ {dZHw§$ Vmo \$b ^`mohr ho, Vmo {dZHo${bò \$b VWm à{V~ÝY H$mo {Zê$nU
B`§Ÿ=ŸEgr(XmV¥VmŸ=ŸXmZoÀN>m) Adí`mŸ=ŸH$moCH$mo Omno de ZmhtŸho EgrŸho H$aZm| gmo ì`W©hr ho Egr Ame‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV h|Ÿ:
^mì`mŸ=Ÿ^mdZm H$aZr nwï>m¡Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>_|, ZŸ=ŸZmht
AÝ`V²Ÿ=ŸAmoa, gdªŸ=Ÿg~ EdŸ=Ÿhr, {dbå~òV²Ÿ=Ÿ{dbå~ŸH$a|Jo VXr`Z²Hw§$hþ \$b VWm à{V~ÝYm{XH$ H$s ^mdZm H$aZr. Ho$dbnw{ï>_|
_Zmo^«_…Ÿ=Ÿ_Z²H$mo ^«_ ho JwUjmoôŸ=ŸJwUHo$ jmo^_| A“rH$ma hmo` V~ Vmo \$b_| {dbå~ H$ao Zmht Amoa JwUH$mo jmo^ hmo` V~hþ
(B{VŸ=ŸEgmo,Ÿ{ZíM`…Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM`Ÿho) A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, EVV²Ÿ=Ÿò gmYZ òhr XoIZmo Egr _oar _{V ho.
VXr`¡…Ÿ=ŸVXr`Z²Hw§$ EdŸ=Ÿhr, Ñï>ì`§Ÿ=ŸXoIZmo
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo B{VŸ=ŸEgr, _oŸ=Ÿ_oar BVZ| {OZZ| ~«÷gå~ÝY {H$`mo ho {dZH$m|hþ \$b VWm à{V~ÝYm{XH$ H$mo
(^mdZ§Ÿ=Ÿ^mdZ)ŸH$m`ªŸ=ŸH$aZmo _{V…Ÿ=Ÿ_{V ho ^mdZ H$aZm|. Š`m| Omo {OZH$mo Ho$dbnw{ï>_| A“rH$ma hmo` {dZH$m| Vmo \$b Xo`do_|
à^w {dbå~ H$ao Zmht naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ OrdZ²H$mo Vmo nw{ï>_`m©Xm_|hr A“rH$ma
hmo`dog§y \$b{g{Õ_| {dbå~ hmo` ho. V~ ào{fV^V¥H© $mH$sgr Zm§B© \$bHo$ à{V~ÝYH$s
^mdmW© : ^JdmZ²H$s \$bXmV¥Vmno H$mhþH$mo de Zmht. Vmgm| AÝ` Omo H$Nw>
^mdZm gd©Xm H$aZt. Vog| gmpËdH$m{XH$ JwUH$[aH|$ AÝV…H$aU_| jmo^ hmo` V~hþ
{dMma _Z_| CnOo VmH$m| _Zmo^«_hr g_wPZmoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
\$bHo$ à{V~ÝYm{XH$H$shr ^mdZm H$aZt. VmH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo${bò Xygao gmYZ Zmht
H$aZ| Egr _oar (Ÿlrdëb^mMm`©OrH$sŸ) _{V ho. `hm§ _oar _{V ho Eg| H${hdoH$mo
^JdËgå~ÝYr nwéfZ²Hw§$hþ \$b Amoa à{V~ÝYZ² H$mo {dMma amIZmo M{hò. A{^àm` `h ho Omo `m {df`_| {dMma H$aVŸ-ŸH$aV _oar ~w{Õ `hm§hr {ZíMb
AZwJ«hH$[ado_| lrh[a H$~hþ {dbå~ Zmht H$a|Jo. gËdm{X JwUZ²H$aH|$ O~ H$moB© hmo`Ho$ ahr ho. Xygamo gmYZ _oar ~w{Õ_| Zmht Amdo hoŸ&&7Ÿ&&
VahH$mo {dH$ma CËnÝZ hmo` Vmo dm g_`hþ ""à^wZohr \$bXo`do_| {dbå~ {dMm`m}
ho'' Eg| g_PZm| Egr _oar ~w{Õ hoŸ&&7Ÿ&&
`hm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo Eg| H$[ado_| XyfUH$mo Am^mg hmo` V~ _Z_| Egmo
{dMma Amdo Omo AnZ| g_n©UH$[aH|$ VXr` ^ò V~ \$b hmo`doH$mo gå^d ho,
Q>rH$m : Eg| VrZ \$b VWm VrZ à{V~ÝYH$mo {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ AnZo godH$Z²Hw§$ Vmgy§ à{V~ÝYm{XH$H$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo gmo ì`W© ho, Egr e‘>m hmo` Vhm§ H$hV
{dZH$mo am{Ì-{Xdg {dMma H$Îm©ì` ho Egmo OVm`doHo${bò Amkm H$aV h| Omo ò h|Ÿ:
\$bÌ`r VWm à{V~ÝYÌ`r gXm Adí` {dMmaUr` ho. {dZH$mo Omo {ZaÝVa Hw $ g¥ { ï>a² AÌ dm H$m{MX² CËnÚo V g d¡ ^« _ …Ÿ&&
{dMma hmo` Vmo ^pŠV_mJ©_| Xygamo à{V~ÝY Zmht hmo`Jmo Egmo OVm`doHo${bò
H$hV h| Omo ò VrZ \$b VWm VrZ à{V~ÝY N>mo{‹S>H|$ Xygamo gd© _ZH$mo ^«_ ho;
423 424
Ÿ&& B{V lr_Xdëb^mMm`©MaUàH${Q>V§ g{ddaU§ godm\$b§ Ÿ&& && nÄMíbmoH$s Ÿ&&
(22)
AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§ CËnÚoVŸ=ŸCËnÝZ hmo` lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ AÝ`hþ CnXoenaH$ J«ÝWZ²H$s Ý`m§B© nÄMíbmoH$shþ g~
dmŸ=Ÿhþ g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$ öX`_| gd©WmŸ-Ÿgd©Xm YmaU H$[a am{Ido O¡gmo J«ÝW ho. `mHo$ nm§M
H$m{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$moB àH$maH$s d¡Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM`hr íbmoH$Z²_|Vo gm‹S>o VrZ íbmoH$ Vmo nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ A“Z²Ho$ CnXoemW© h|; Aé S>o‹T>
Hw$g¥{ï>…Ÿ=ŸHw$g¥{ï> ^«_…Ÿ=Ÿ^«_ ho íbmoH$ nw{ï>àn{ÎmHo$ A“Z²Ho$ CnXoemW© h|.
^mdmW© : `m CpŠV_| Omo H$moB©Hw§$ gÝXohm{X CËnÝZ hm|` Vmo dmo ^«__mÌ hoŸ&& lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ _VHo$ AZwgma Ord VrZ àH$maHo$ hmoV h|Ÿ:Ÿ 1.Ÿnw{ï>_mJu`
X¡dr Ord, 2.Ÿ_`m©Xm_mJu` X¡dr Ord Amoa 3.Ÿàdmh_mJu` Amgwar Ord. {VZH$mo
Vmo dU©Z lr_hmà^yZ²Zo nw{ï>àdmh_`m©XmôX J«ÝW_| H$`m}hr ho. Vhm§ VrZ àH$maHo$
Q>rH$m : `hm§ H$mhþ OmVH$s Hw$g¥{ï> CËnÝZ hmo` ho gmo {ZíM` ^«_ê$n hmo` ho
_maJŸ/ŸJ{V, VrZ àH$maHo$ gmYZŸ-Ÿ\$b, VrZ àH$maHo$ OrdŸ/ŸXoh; Aé VrZhr
àH$maZ²H$s {VZH$s é{MŸ/ŸH¥${VZ²H$mo dU©Zhþ AmnZo {H$`mo ho. VmoC ^yVbno OZ_
BVZ|, Omo VXr` h| {dZHw§$ Vmo {Z`_H$[aH|$ \$bH$mo gå^d ho Vmgy§ bo`Ho$ gJao Ord H$~hþ§H$ EH$Ÿ-ŸXyOoHo$ KaZ²_|hþ; Vmo H$~hþ§H$ Omo AmnwZo KaHo$
gËdm{XH$ JwUZ²H$[aH|$ _Z_| AÝ`Wm^md hmo` gmo ^«_ ho. Š`m| Omo à^w gJoŸ-Ÿgå~ÝYr Zmqh EgoZ²H$mohþ g“ nm`Ho$, {_{lV ^mdZ²H$m| àH$Q> H$aV h|. gmo
ñdVÝÌBÀN>mdmao h| Egmo {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho, Vmgy§ à^w \$b Z X|`Jo Egr AZwnn{Îm Ego ^md{_lUHo$ H$maU {Ì{dY OrdZ²H$s é{M_| VWm gm_Ï`©_| hþ {d{dYVmH$mo
_Z_| Amdo VmH$mo n[ahma Vmo àW_hr {H$`mo ho VmH$s ^mdZm amIZrŸ&& AZw^d hmoV ho. VmV| _`m©Xm_mJu` AWdm àdmh_mJu` OrdZ²Ho$ _maJŸ-ŸJ{V,
gmYZŸ-Ÿ\$b, OrdŸ-ŸXohñdê$n; Aé é{MŸ-ŸH¥${V Am{X gJao {df`Z²H$mo {Zê$nU
Ÿ&& B{V lrdëb^mMm`©Or {da{MV godm\$bH$s AmnZo Vmhr nw{ï>àdmh_`m©Xm J«ÝW_| H$[a XrZmo ho. gmo VmH$s MMm© A~ `hm§
Jmoñdm_r lrZ¥qghbmbOr _hmamOH¥$V H$[adoH$mo àg“ Zmqh. Oo, naÝVw, nw{ï>Ord h| {VZHo$ {d{dY ñd^md Aé {d{dY
gm_Ï`© H$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ AmnHo$ öX`_| H$éZm CnOr Omo, H$moC nw{ï>Ord
d«O^mfmQ>rH$m g_mßV ^B© Ÿ&&
{ZO_mJu` hmo`donohþ, ñd^mdôX qH$dm gm_Ï`©ôX Ho$ H$maU nw{ï>^pŠVH$s
gaUrno M{bHo$ nw{ï>à^yZ²Ho$ A{^_wI Omo hmo` gH$V Zmqh {VZH$s H$hm J{VŸ!
Vmgm| {ZO_maJ_| {ZOOrdZ²H$m| {ZO nw{ï>à^yZ²Ho$ A{^_wI Om H$mhþ gaUrno
Mbm`Ho$ nhþ§Mm`mo Om` gHo$, gmo Egmo Cnm` H$[admo M{hò. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo
nw{ï>_maJ ho gmo Vmo ñdê$nmZÝXHo$ XmZmW© Om OrdH$mo à^yZ²Zo A“rH$ma {H$`mo hmo`
VmHo$ {bòhr ho. VmoC `m _maJ_| H$~hþ§H$ à_o`~b àH$Q> H$[aHo$ à^w ñd`§
{ZOOZHo$ gå_wI àH$Q> hmoV h|; Aé H$~hþ§H$ à_o`~b àH$Q> H$aV Zmqh. V~
OrdH$m| JwéH¥$nmV| à_mU~bH$mo Amgamo bo`Ho$ `Wmgm_Ï`©Ÿ-Ÿ`WmonXoe ^pŠV_maJ
AWdm eaUmJ{V_maJ H$s gaUrH$m| nH$[aHo$ nw{ï>à^yZ²Ho$ A{^_wI AJ«ga
hm|dZmo naV ho. Vmgm| lw{VŸ-ŸgyÌŸ-ŸJrVmŸ-Ÿ^mJdVŸ-ŸnmÄMamÌm{X à_mUZ²_| ^pŠV
godm’$b‘² nÄMíbmoH$s
425 426
Aé eaUmJ{V Ho$ OmoBŸ-ŸOmoB A“, ñdê$nKQ>H$ ~Vmò h|, {VZH$m| ^pŠVŸ- g§gmamgpŠV Nw>‹S>m`Ho$ à^w VmH$m| {ZOñdê$nmgpŠVê$nm nw{ï>^pŠVH$mo XmZ H$aV
Ÿàn{ÎmHo$ àm_m{UH$ Aé Adí`H$V©ì` _m{ZHo$- ""dUm©l_dVm§ Y_} _w»ò h|.
Zï>o N>boZ Vw, {H«$`_mUo Z Y_©… ñ`mX² AVñVñ_mZ² Z _moMZ§ ... EVÝ_mJ©Û`§
àmoŠV§ J{VgmYZg§`wV_²'' (Ÿg.{Z.223-256Ÿ)dMZZ²Ho$ AZwgma emó{d{hV Q>rH$m : `m CnXoe_| EH$ e‘>m CR>V ho Omo `m H$m[aH$m_| H$hm nw{ï>^ŠVHo$ KaH$s
A“Z²H$s _`m©XmH$mo Vmo `WmepŠV {Zdm©h H$aZmo naÝVw àYmZVm Vmo emóà_m{UV ho`VmH$mo VÎdmonXoe ho AWdm nw{ï>^ŠVZ²H$m| Ka V{OdoH$mo H$V©ì`monXoe hoŸ?
nw{ï>à^yZ²Ho$ à_o`~bH$mo öX`_| {dídmg am{IdoH$s Amdí`H$ _mZr ho. Vmgm| KaH$mo ñdê$nhr Omo Ë`mÁ` hmo` Vmo Ego Ka_| ^JdËñdê$nH$s godm H$mhoH$m|
^pŠV Aé àn{Îm Ho$ emóà_m{UVŸ-Ÿemóm{d{hV ñdê$nKQ>H$ A“Z²H$shþ _w»`Vm H$aZrŸ? Omo KaH$mo Ë`mJ g~hr nw{ï>OrdZ²H$m| àW_ H$V©ì` hmo` Vmo {OZ OrdZ²gm|
OmZZr. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo nw{ï>^pŠVH$mo ñdê$n lwË`m{X gH$b Ë`mJ H$[admo Z ~{Z Amdo {VZH$m|hr AZwH$ënV`m ^JdËgodm H$V©ì` hmo`Jr.
emóZ²gm| {gÕhr ho, `m_| Vmo H$moC gÝXoh Zmqh, n[a dUm©l_Y_©, {ZË`H$_©, V~ Vmo J¥hË`mJ _w»` H$V©ì` ^`mo Aé ^JdËgodm Jm¡U H$V©ì`. V~ Vmo
`mJm{X, Z¡{_{ÎmH$H$_©, nyOZŸ-Ÿd«VŸ-ŸlmÕ BË`m{XH$ H$V©ì`Z²H$s Ý`m§B ""nw{ï>^pŠV ^pŠV_maJV| Ë`mJŸ-Ÿd¡am½`Ÿ-Ÿg§Ý`mg_mJ©H$s loð>Vm H$mho Z {gÕ hmo`JrŸ?
H$amo''Egr Amkm emóZ²_| {_bV Zmqh. `mhrVo ""^pŠV_mJ©ñ` H$WZmV²
Vhm§ g_mYmZ `h OmZZmo Omo KaH$m| V{OdoH$s `hm§ Amkm Vmo ho Zmqh;
nw{ï>añVr{V {ZíM`…'' (Ÿnw.à._.2Ÿ) dMZ_| emóZ²_| ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ {Zê$nUV|
Vmgm| `m dMZH$m| H$V©ì`monXoe Vmo Z OmZZmo. gmo KaHo$ ñdê$nH$mo {Zê$nUhr `hm§
n¥WH²$ nw{ï>_mJ©H$s namoj {g{Õ OVm` Xr{Z ho. VmV| nw{ï>_mJu` ^pŠV Aé àn{Îm
A{^àoV hmo`doV| `m dMZH$mo ñdê$n Vmo VÎdmonXoeH$mohr hoŸ:ŸOmo Ka g§gmamgpŠV
Ho$ ñdê$nKQ>H$ A“Z²_| {Zð>m{YŠ`H$mo CnXoe H$aZH$m| A~ H$hV h|Ÿ:
~T>m`dodmamo hmo`doVo OrdmË_mH$m| ^dgmJa_| Sw>~m`dodmamo ho.
J¥ h § gdm© Ë _Zm Ë`mÁ`§ VÀMo V ² Ë`ŠVw § Z eŠ`Vo Ÿ &

lr_hmà^yZ²H$m| nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$ CÕmaH$s {MÝVm O~ hmo` ahr hr, V~ nw{ï>à^wZo
H¥ $ îUmWª VV² à`w Ä OrV H¥ $ îU… g§ g ma_mo M H$…Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& gmjmV² àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ nw{ï>OrdZ²H$m| ~«÷gå~ÝYHo$ XmZH$s Amkm XrZr. Vmgm|
H¥$îUgodmHo$ {ZOm{YH$maH$s {g{Õ ~«÷gå~ÝYVo hmoV ho. VogoB __VmñnX gH$b
J¥h§Ÿ=ŸKa MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X,VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo J¥hŸ-ŸYZŸ-ŸYmÝ`Ÿ-ŸdóŸ-ŸnwÌŸ-ŸH$bÌm{X
gdm©Ë_ZmŸ=Ÿg~ Vahgm| H¥$îUmWªŸ=ŸH¥$îUHo$ AW© Ÿ-Ÿn[aOZZ²H$mohþ ^JdËgodm_| {d{Z`moJ H$[a gHo$ Egmo OrdH$mo A{YH$ma
Ë`mÁ`§Ÿ=ŸË`mJ H$[ado`mo½` à`wÄOrVŸ=ŸAmN>rŸar{Vgm|ŸbJmdZmo ~«÷gå~ÝYVo {gÕ hmoV ho. nw{ï>à^yZ²Zo Egmohr dMZ lr_hmà^yZ²H$mo {X`mo. VmV|
(Ÿ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV hoŸ)VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo (Ÿ`V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ÿ) ñdê$nV… Ë`mÁ`hþ Ka AmË_{ZdoXZH$Vm©Ho$ goì` ñdê$nH$s godm_| {d{Z`wŠV
hmo`dono íbm¿` ~{Z OmV ho, Egmo A{^àm` `hm§ OmZZmo. {gÕmÝVahñ` J«ÝW_|
Ë`ŠVw§Ÿ=ŸN>mo{S>doHw§$ H¥$îU…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU
VmH$mohr CXmhaUŸ:ŸaÏ`moXH$Ho$ J“màdmh_| {_{b Om`doVo VmH$s J“moXH$ Vwë`
ZŸ=ŸZmht g§gma_moMH$…Ÿ=Ÿg§gmagm| Nw>S>m`dodmao n{dÌVmHo$ ê$n_| XrZmo ho. Vmgm| AmË_{ZdoXrH$m| H$mhþ àH$maH$s {MÝVm Z H$aZr.
eŠ`VoŸ=ŸeŠ` ~Zo (Ÿ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV h|Ÿ)
H¥$îUH$s godm_| KaH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$[adoVo Kahþ g§gmamgpŠVdY©H$ Z hmoB
^mdmW© : Ka, d¡go Vmo, gd©Wm Ë`mJ H$[ado bm`H$hr hmoV ho; naÝVw g~ H$moC ^pŠVdY©H$ hmo` gH$V ho. Vhm§ gmdYm{Z `h ~a{Vò Omo {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr_|
KaH$m| V{O gH$V Zmqh. Vmgm| H¥$îUH$s godm_| KaH$m| bJmdZmo. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo H$ho Jò àH$magm| AmnwZohr VZwŸ-Ÿ{dÎmV| H¥$îUgodm {Z^mZr M{hò. AWm©V²
{ZOJ¥h_| H¥$îUñdê$nH$m| nYma`Ho$ Omo Ord {VZH$s godm_| VËna hmoV ho, VmH$s
nÄMíbmoH$s nÄMíbmoH$s
427 428
^JdËgodmW© Z Vmo AÝ` H$mhþH$mo YZ boZmo Aé Z AÝ` H$mhþH$m| YZ XoZmo. AmnwZo Amkm Amn H$aV h|. J¥hmé{M {gÕ hmo`dono J¥hñWH$m| J¥hpñWV gJar dñVw VWm
gJoŸ-Ÿgå~ÝYr AWdm Bï>OZZ² _|hþ Omo ñd_mJu` hm|` {VZH$m|hr AnZo goì` nwÌŸ-ŸH$bÌm{X gJoŸ-Ÿgå~ÝYrZ²Ho$ {dfo ""AnZr ^JdX²^pŠV_| ò g~ H$Nw>
ñdê$nHo$ Xe©Z H$amZo, gJao Jm_H$m| ~wbm` ^JdËgodmH$mo àXe©Z Z H$aZmo. ~mYH$ h| Vmgm| _oao H$m¡Z H$m_Ho$Ÿ!'' Egmo ^mg hmoV ho. Egmo ^md öX`_| C{R>doHo$
AÝ`Wm KaH$mo Vmo H¥$îUgodm_| {ZîH$m_ ^pŠVê$n g_n©UŸ-Ÿ{d{Z`moJ ^`mo Zmqh; ~mXhþ Omo Ord KaH$mo Ë`mJ H$aV Zmqh, VmHo$ ^rVa J¥hmgpŠV nwZ… à~bhþ hmo`
CbQ>o lrH¥$îUH$mo g_n©UŸ-Ÿ{d{Z`moJ YZ g§_mZ à{Vð>m Ho$ jwÐ CnmO©Z_| ^`mo gH$V ho. Vmgm| Ego OrdZ²H$m| lr_hmà^w J¥hË`mJ H$[aHo$ ^JdXr`Z²Ho$ g“
Om{Zò. Vmgm| nmf§S> Aé XodbH$Vm H$mohþ Xmof bJV ho. lr_hmà^yZ²Zo ""H¥$îU… H$[adoH$s Omo Amkm XoV h|. Vhm§ `h e‘>m hmoV ho Omo "^pŠV'H$mo AW© `m _maJ_|
gdm©Ë_Zm Ë`mÁ`… g MoÎ`ŠVw§ Z eŠ`Vo J¥hmWª V§ à`wÄOrV J¥h§ ^pŠV{ZdmaH$_²'' _mhmËå`kmZnyd©H$ gwÑT> gd©Vmo{YH$ ñZohhr _mÝ`mo ho, gmo ò XmoC Om Ord_| {gÕ
Vmo H$ømo Zmqh, VmV| ^JdËgodmH$m| AmOr{dH$m AWdm nXà{Vð>m H$_m`doH$mo ^ò Vmo H¥$VH¥$Ë`Vm ^B© Om{Zò, Vmgm| J¥hmé{M `Ûm J¥hË`mJ H$mo H$hm àg“Ÿ?
gmYZ ~Zm`dodmaoZ²H$m| Amgwar Ord OmZZmoŸ&&1Ÿ&& Vhm§ `h OmZZmo Omo Cpëb{IV ^pŠVH$mo ñdê$n ^pŠVH$s gmYZ-\$bmdñWm
C^`gmYmaU ñdê$n ho. Egr ^pŠVH$mohþ Ma_moËH$f© Vmo ^JdmZ²H$mo ^ŠV_| Aé
^pŠVd{Y©Zr J«ÝW_| nw{ï>^pŠVHo$ ~rO^mdgy§ g§nÝZ OrdHo$ àW_ Vmo Xmo` ^ŠVH$mo ^JdmZ²_| {ZamoY {gÕ ^òVo _mÝ`mo ho. Vmgm| nw{ï>OrdZ²H$mo àn§M{dñ_¥{VnydH© $
àH$ma ~Vmò h|Ÿ:Ÿ(Ÿ1Ÿ)ÑT>~rO^mddmao (Ÿ2Ÿ)AÑT>~rO^mddmao. Vm_| AÑT>~rO^mddmao ^JdXmgpŠVê$n {ZamoYH$s {g{Õ hmo` Vmhr hoVwgm| lr_hmà^w ""J¥h§ gdm©Ë_Zm
OrdZ²Ho$hþ nmN>o Xmo` àH$ma ~Vmò h|. {VZ_| àW_ Aì`md¥Îm Aé {ÛVr` ì`md¥Îm. Ë`mÁ`§''A§egy§ {Zê${nV J¥hË`mJ njH$m| ^manyd©H$ {Zê$nU H$aV h|. gmo VmHo$hr
Vhm§ Om OrdHo$ ^rVa "nw{ï>^pŠVH$mo ~rO^md' H$hoVo lrH¥$îU_| {ZîH$m_ AM§Mbm AZwgÝYmZ_| A~ AmJo H$hV h|Ÿ:-
^pŠV gdm©{Vem{`Zr {gÕ hmo` JB© hmo`, {VZH$m| Vmo ^JdËñdê$nmZwgÝYmZ Aé
^JdëbrbmZwgÝYmZ öX`_| {ZaÝVa ~Ý`mo ahV ho. Vmhr H$maUgm|, J¥hŸ-ŸYZŸ- g“: gdm© Ë _Zm Ë`mÁ`: g Mo V ² Ë`ŠVw § Z eŠ`Vo Ÿ &
Ÿn[aOZm{XH$s H$Nw> Anojm ^pŠV_| ahV Zmqh. Vmgm| {VZHo$ H$maO Vmo Ka g gpX² ^ : gh H$V© ì `: gÝV… g“ñ` ô f O_² Ÿ &&2Ÿ&&
Ë`mÁ`hþ Zmqh Aé Amdí`H$hþ Zmqh. Aé AÑT>~rO^mddmaoZ_² | Omo Ord Aì`md¥Îm
hmoV h| {VZH$m| Vmo H¥$îUgodmHo$ gÀMo A{YH$mar OmZZo. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo
g“…Ÿ=Ÿg“ (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho)g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo
""~rOXmT>ç©àH$mañVw J¥ho pñWËdm ñdY_©V…, Aì`md¥Îmmo ÔoV² H¥$îU§ nyO`m
ldUm{X{^…'' Amkm Vhm§ à_mU ho. {ZO J¥h_| a{hHo$ Omo ^JdËgodmH$Wm_| gdm©Ë_ZmŸ=Ÿg~ Vahgy§ Ë`ŠVw§Ÿ=ŸN>moS>Zmo, ZŸ=ŸZht
VËnaVm {Z^mdV h|, {VZHo$ Vmo ~rO^mdHo$ ÑT> hmo` Om`donohþ, KaHo$ Ë`mÁ`…Ÿ=ŸË`mJ H$[ado`mo½`Ÿ eŠ`VoŸ=ŸeŠ` hmo`, MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X
^JdËgodmon`moJr hmo`doVo, Vm_| ho`Vm~w{Õ CnOV Zmqh. VmV| J¥hË`mJhþ Amdí`H$ g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo (Ÿg“…Ÿ) (Ÿ`V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$Ÿ)
ZmqhŸ-ŸVogoB ^JdX²ì`gZHo$ agmoÝ_mX_| AZOmZo J¥hË`mJ hmo` OmVmo hmo` Vmo gpX²^:Ÿ=ŸgËnwéfHo$, ghŸ=ŸgmW gÝV…Ÿ=ŸgËnwéfH$mo, g“ñ`Ÿ=Ÿg“
H$Nw> ~mYH$hþ Zmqh. Omo AÑT>~rO^mddmao Ord ì`md¥Îm hmoV h|, {VZH$m| Ama§^_| H$V©ì`…Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo M{hò ôfO§Ÿ=ŸñdmñÏ`H$mar(Ÿ^d{V=hmoVŸho)
^JdËgodm AWdm J¥hË`mJ BZ XmoZm| ~mVZ²_|Vo H$mhþ EH$H$s CVmdbr H$aZr
Zmqh. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo Ego OrdZ²Ho$ H$mO lr_hmà^yZ²Zo ldUŸ-ŸH$sV©ZŸ-Ÿñ_aUŸ-
AWm©V² "godm`m§' H$ën Zmqh naÝVw "H$Wm`m§' H$ën -H$s àYmZVmH$mo CnXoe ^mdmW© : g“ Vmo H$mhþH$mo Z H$[admohr C{MV ho naÝVw nag“ Ny>Q>Vhþ Zmqh; VmV|
XrZmo ho. VmV|hr ldUm{XÛmam Ego OrdZ²H$s lrH¥$îUé{M O~ d¥qÕJV hmo`Ho$ `{X g“ H$aZmohr naVmo hmo` Vmo gÀMo ^JdXr`Z²H$mohr H$[admo C{MV ho.
^JdXmgpŠVH$mo ê$n YmaU H$[a boV ho, V~ {VZH$m| J¥hmé{M hmoV ho, Egr
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Q>rH$m : AÑT> ~rO^mddmao Oo H$moC nw{ï>Ord hm|` {VZH$m| ^JdËgodmnamÙ Xwï>g“ H$[a OmZZmo. Omo H$moC ñd`§ gmpÎdH$ hmo` Aé {ZîH$m_Ÿ=Ÿ{Zîà`moOZ
^JdXr`Z²Ho$ gmW ^JdÝZm_Ÿ-Ÿñdê$nŸ-ŸbrbmH$mo ldUŸ-ŸH$sV©ZŸ-Ÿñ_aU H$aZmo H¥$îUa{VH$mo CnXoe ñd`§ {Zanoj hmo`Ho$ H$aV hmo`, VmH$mo g“ gmYwg“Ÿ=ŸgËg“
M{hò. `mhrH$mo "H$Wmnj' H$hV h|. H$Wmnj_| àma§^_| J¥hË`mJ C{MV _mÝ`mo H$[a Om{Zò. `m ~mVH$mo {ZYm©a _Z_| ÑT> am{IHo$ AmnwZo gJoŸ-Ÿgå~ÝYrZ²H$mo
Zmqh; naÝVw AÝV_| ~rO^md ÑT> hmo`dono VmH$mo H$V©ì`monXoe {X`mo ho. Vhm§ AWdm AÝ` H$moCZ²H$mo AWdm AmMm`©Hw$bHo$ ~mbH$Z²H$mo ^r g“ H$[adoVo nyd©
Ama§{^H$ AdñWm_| AWdm ~rO^mdHo$ ÑT> hmo`doHo$ níMmV²hþ {OZH$mo g“ H$moC g~{hZ²H$mo narjU H$aZmo Amdí`H$ ho. Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV h| Omo ^mJdVHo$ dMZH$s
H$[admo MmhV ho, {VZH$s narjm H$aZr Ho$ Z H$aZrŸ? gmo H$mho nyN²`mo OmV hoŸ? H$hm J{V Om{ZòŸ? Vhm§ `h g_mYmZ OmZZmo Omo CËH$Q> d¡am½`Ho$ gmYH$H$m|
Vhm§ àíZme` `h OmZZmo Omo H$mhþH$s narjm H$aHo$ g“ H$[adoH$s H$hV hmo gmo bú`_| am{IHo$ {X`mo J`mo ò CnXoe ho. ñd_mJ©_| ê$j d¡am½`H$s Vmo H$Nw> _hÎmm
eŠ` Zmqh. gmo H$mhoVo Omo narjm H$[aHo$ OmH$mo g“ H$aZmo hmo` VmHo$ JwUXmofZ²H$mo Zmqh gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo Egmo d¡am½` H$hm H$m_H$mo OmVo OrdHo$ ^rVa ^pŠV ÑT>
{dMma Vmo H$[admohr naV ho. Vhm§ ^mJdV_| naXmofXe©ZH$s qZXmŸ-Ÿ""JwUXmofÑ{eXm}f… Z hmoBŸ! VmV| ^mJdVH$mo dMZ `hm§ ~mYH$ Zmqh. VmV|hr lr_hmà^w Amkm H$aV
JwUñVy^`d{O©V…'' (Ÿ^mJ.11Ÿ&19Ÿ&45Ÿ) `m dMZ_| H$s{Z ho. AWm©V² namòHo$ h| Omo ""A{Ib OJV²_| gX²~w{Õ am{IHo$ VmH$mo godZ gËnwéf Vmo H$aV Zmqh. gmo
JwUXmofZ²H$mo XoIZmo gmo Vmo Xmof ho Aé gm§Mmo JwU Vmo naH$s` JwUXmofZ²H$m| Z H$mhoVoŸ? Omo H$hþ§Ÿ-ŸH$hþ§ ^«m§{Vhþ Ho$ H$maU Ag{Ûf`_| g×w{Õ hmo` OmV ho. VmV|
Xo{Idmohr ho. `mH$mo H$hm g_mYmZŸ? g_PXma Vmo H¥$îUH$m|hr ÔV h|''(ŸdoXñVw{Vgw~mo.23Ÿ) Vmgm| Oogo Ag{Ûf`_|
^«m§{Vde gX²~w{Õ hmo` gH$V ho Vogohr AgËnwéf_|hþ gËnwéf hmo`doH$s ~w{Õ
Vhm§ `h OmZZmo Omo JwUXmofHo$ {dMma {~Zm ha H$moCH$mo g“ H$[adoVo, Omo ^«m§{Vde hmo` gH$V ho. Vmgm| g“ H$[ado_| gXgX²{ddoH$ AË`mdí`H$ ho.
Xmof AnZo_| Z hm|` dohþ, g“XmofHo$ H$maU AnZo ^rVa àH$Q> hmo` gH$V h|. VmV|
lr_hmà^w Vmo ~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm bo`do_|hþŸ-""H¥$îUgodmna§ drú` X§^m{Xa{hV§ Za§ ^JdmZ²hþ JrVm(Ÿ2Ÿ&62-64Ÿ)_| Amkm H$aV h| Omo g“Ho$ H$maU OrdHo$
lr^mJdVVÎdk§ ÔopÁOkmgwamXamV²'' (Ÿg.{Z.227Ÿ) `m dMZ_| Jwéhþ Ho$ narjUH$s ^rVa H$m_Zm àH$Q> hmoV ho. H$m_ZmHo$ H$maU H«$moY, VmV| g§_moh, VmV| ñ_¥{V{d^«_,
Amkm H$aV h|; Vhm§ gm_mÝ` ^JdXr`Z²Ho$ narjU_| XmofH$mo H$hm {dMmaŸ? VmV| ~w{ÕZme; Aé ~w{ÕZme ^òVo XwJ©{VH$m| nmB© Zme hmoV ho. VmV| g“_|
Vmgy§hr {ejmnÌ_| lrh[aamÒr Amkm H$aV h|Ÿ: gmdYm{Z Vmo Amdí`H$ hohr. VmV|hr lr_hmà^w ^pŠVd{Y©Zr J«ÝW_| Amkm H$aV
h| Omo ^JdËgodmnamÙ ^JdXr`Z²H$mohþ g“ Egr MmVwargm| H$aZmo Omo BVZmo
`mo dXË`Ý`WmdmŠ`_² AmMm`© d MZmX² OZ…Ÿ& g_rnhþ {VZHo$ Z OmZmo Omo CZHo$ H$Ny>H$ XmofZ²H$mo a§J ñd`§H$mo b{J Omdo; Aé
BVZmo Xyahþ {VZVo Z ahZmo Omo CZHo$ ^pŠV^mdH$mohþ a§J ñd`§H$m| Z b{J nmdoŸ!
g§ g ¥ { Vào a H$mo dm{n VËg“mo Xw ï >g“_…Ÿ&&
`mVohr ObôXŸ-Ÿn§MnÚm{Z J«ÝWZ²_| ^JdX²JUw JmZHo$ H$sV©Z qH$dm ldU H$[adodmao
`íM H¥ $ îUo aqV {ZË`§ ~mo Y `Ë`à`mo O Zm_² Ÿ & Ho$go dŠVm AWdm Ho$go lmoVm Ho$ g“H$mo H$hmŸ-ŸHo$gmo ñdê$n ho gmo CnXoe XrZmo
{Zano j … gmpÎdH$íM VËg“… gmYw g “_…Ÿ&& ho. Vhm§ {dÎmmW©/d¥Î`W© ^JdËgodm qH$dm ^JdËH$Wm H$[adodmaoZ²Ho$ _wIVo
Ed§ {ZpíMË` gd} f w ñdrò î dÝò f w dm nw Z …Ÿ& ^JdÝZm_ldU qH$dm ^JdËH$WmldU H$~hþ§ nmdZH$mar hmoV Zmqh, Vmgm| Ego
_hËHw $ bàgy V o f w H$V© ì `… g“{ZU© ` …Ÿ&& CnXoeH$Z²Ho$ AWdm H$WmH$maZ²Ho$ g“H$m| AgËg“hr OmZZmo.
AWm©V² lr_XmMm`©MaUZ²Ho$ dMZZ²gy§ Omo H$moC AÝ`Wm dMZ CÀMmaV `hm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo Om gËg“_| BVZr gmdYm{Z amIZr nao Vm gËg“Ho$
hmo` AWdm g§gmamgpŠV ~T>m`dodmar ~mV H$aVmo hmo` Vmo Ego OZHo$ g“H$m| H$aVo Vmo H$moCH$mo g“ Z H$[admohr lo`ñH$a Š`m| Zht _mZV hmoŸ? Vhm§ ò g_mYmZ
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OmZo Omo gw~mo{YZr(Ÿ10Ÿ&3Ÿ&37Ÿ)Ho$-""gËg“ Aé ^mJdV Omo h| gmo Vmo ^JdmZ²H$o
Am{Y^m¡{VH$ MaUmaqdX h|, kmZ Aé ^pŠV AmÜ`mpË_H$ MaUmaqdX; VogoB© Ego ""J¥h§ gdm©Ë_Zm Ë`mÁ`§'' A§egm| {Zê${nV Ë`mÁ` J¥hHo$ ñdê$nHo$
H¥$nm H$[aHo$ àH$Q> Xe©Z XoV ñdê$nHo$ MaUmaqdXZ²H$m| Am{YX¡{dH$ OmZZo'' `m {dMmaV| ^ŠVHo$ H$V©ì`ê$n gËg“H$mo CnXoe Xo`Ho$ VmHo$ {dH$ënê$n ""H¥$îUmWª
dMZH$mo Ame` {dMmaoVo gËg“ Omo ho gmo Vmo ^JdmZ²H$mohr Am{Y^m¡{VH$ MaU VËà`§wOrV''A§eg§y {Zê${nV njH$mo CnXoe A~ AmJoH$s H$m[aH$m_| XoV h|. Vhm§
ho. VmV| ^d^`hmar A^rï>H$mar VrWm©ñnX Aé ^dgmJaVo Vm[adodmao Am{YX¡{dH$ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo "{dH$ën' Š`m| H$hV hmoŸ? H$hm J¥hË`mJnyd©H$ gËg“ Aé
MaUmaqdXZ²Ho$ g_mZ _mhmËåèmbr gËg“hþ H$m| Om{Zò. VmV| ~mYH$ Xw…g“Ho$ J¥hpñW{Vnyd©H$ ^JdËgodm BZ XmoZm| H$ënZ²_|Vo Om OrdH$m| Omo éMo gmo H$aZmo
~mao_| gmdYm{Z am{IdoHo$ CnXoeH$mo A{^àm` gd©{dY g“Z²Ho$ Ë`mJ H$[adoH$mo Egmo Ame` "{dH$ën'H$mo Om{Zò; AWdm ^JdËgodm Ka_| ~{Z Amdo Vmo
Z Om{Zò; naÝVw AgËg“H$s ^pŠV_mJ©_| ~mYH$VmHo$ ñdê$nH$mo CnXoe Xo`doH$mohr J¥hpñW{V AWdm Z ~{Z Amdo Vmo ~rO^mdHo$ ÑT> ^ò nmN>o J¥hË`mJ, Ego BZ
Om{Zò. XmoZm| AdñWmZ²_| A{YH$ma{ddoH$ am{IHo$ J¥hpñW{V qH$dm J¥hË`mJ H$mohr Ho$db
{dH$ën ho. Vhm§ {Okmgm hmoV ho Omo `m_| AÝVa H$hm n`m}Ÿ? Vhm§ g_mYmZ `h
Vhm§ e‘>m CR>V ho Omo gd©H$m_ _mojH$m_ AH$m_ qH$dm ^JdËH$m_ g~{h Om{Zò Omo àW_ H$ën_| Vmo ^JdXr`Z²Ho$ gmW gËg“ H$amo Ho$ ^JdËgodm H$amo
àH$maHo$ Ord ^JdX²ÔZ H$[adoHo$ Vmo A{YH$mar h|. VmV|hr ^JdmZ²hþ H$hV h| Vm_| H$Nw> A{YH$maVmaVå` Ho$ \$bVmaVå` {gÕ Z hmo`Jmo. {ÛVr` H$ën_|
Omo ""Z _æ`mdo{eV{Y`m§ H$m_… H$m_m` H$ënVo, ^{O©Vm… Šd{WVm YmZm ^JdËgodmH$s _w»`Vm am{IHo$ VXZwHy$b Ka_| pñW{V AWdm VËà{VHy$b KaHo$
àm`mo ~rOm` Zoî`Vo'' (Ÿ^mJ.10Ÿ-Ÿ22-Ÿ26Ÿ) Oogo ^y§Á`mo Ho$ C~më`mo YmZ Ë`mJH$mo CnXoe ñdrH$madonoŸ:ŸJ¥hpñW{Vnyd©H$ ^JdËgodm _w»` H$ën {gÕ hmoV
~rO ~{ZHo$ nwZ… C{J gH$V Zmqh, VogoB© ^JdX²{df`H$ H$m_Vo H«$moYm{XH$s H$moC ho; Aé J¥hË`mJnyd©H$ gËg“ Jm¡U H$ën AWm©V² AZwH$ën. BZ_| H$m¡Z gmo
Xwdm©gZm A§H$w [aV hmoV Zmqh. ^JdÀMaUmaqdXH$mo g“ ^JdËH$m_H$mo Vmo CX²~moYH$ Ame` àm_m{UH$ Om{ZòŸ?
hmo` gH$V ho; naÝVw ^JdËH$m_Vo AÝ` H$mhþ àH$maH$s Xwdm©gZm àH$Q> hmoV
Zmqh. gmo gËg“hþ ^JdmZ²H$mo Am{Y^m¡{VH$ MaUê$n hmo`doVo ^JdËH$m_H$mo Vmo Vhm§ nyd©nj_| `h H$ømo OmV ho Omo (Ÿ1Ÿ)^pŠVd{Y©Zr_| ""godm`m§ dm
CX²~moYZ H$[a gH$V ho; naÝVw VmH$[a AÝ` H$moC Xwdm©gZm àH$Q> hmoV Zmqh. VmV| H$Wm`m§ dm'' H$ømo ho Vm hoVwV|, (Ÿ2Ÿ)gËg“H$m| ^JdÀMaUmaqdXHo$ Vwë`
gËg“H$mo g“amoJH$s Am¡f{YŸ=Ÿ"ôfO§' OmZZmo. AVEd g“ H$[adoVo nyd© gXgX²H$mo _mÝ`mo ho Vm hoVwV|, (Ÿ3Ÿ)""órUm§ órg§{JZm§ g“§ Ë`ŠËdm XyaV AmË_dmZ²,
{ddoH$ Amdí`H$ hmoV ho, Oogo {ZXmZ Aé {M{H$Ëgm V| nyd© gm§Mo {M{H$ËgH$H$s jo_o {d{dŠV AmgrZpíMÝVòX² _m_VpÝÐV…, Z VWmñ` ^doËŠboemo
ImoO. AÝ`Wm D$na OVmò XwJw©Udmao _Zwî`Z²Ho$ Xw…g“ nmBHo$ gH$b Xwdm©gZm ~ÝYíMmÝ`àg“V… `mo { fËg“mX² `Wm nw § g mo `Wm
öX`_| ^[a Om`doVo OrdmË_mH$mo {dZme Y«wd ho. Vmgm| gËg“H$s Amdí`H$VmH$m| VËg§{Jg“V…''(Ÿ^mJ.11Ÿ&14Ÿ&29-30Ÿ) dMZHo$ A{^àm` {dMmaoVho þ ñdê$nV…
Xo{IHo$ lr_hmà^w Amkm H$aV h|Ÿ:Ÿ""~mYgå^mdZm`m§ Vw Z¡H$m§Vo dmg Bî`Vo, J¥hH$m| Vmo gd©Wm ho`hr _mÝ`mo ho Vm hoVwV|; VogoB (Ÿ4Ÿ)""Z amoY`{V _m§
h[añVw gd©Vmo ajm§ H$[aî`{V Z g§e`…''(Ÿ^.d.10Ÿ)Ÿ `mJmo...`Wmdé§Yo gËg“mo gd©g“mnhmo {h _m§ gËg“oZ {h X¡Vo`m...~hdmo
Ego ""^dmndJm} ^«_Vmo `Xm ^doÁOZñ` Vø©À`wV gËg_mJ_…, _ËnX§ àmßVm…...Vo ZmYrVlw{VJUm Zmonm{gV_hÎm_m… Ad«VmVßVVng…
gËg“_mo `{h© VX¡ d gX² J Vm¡ namdao e o Ëd{` Om`Vo gËg“mX² _m_wnmJVm…'' (Ÿ^mJ.11Ÿ&12Ÿ&1-7Ÿ) dMZHo$ {d_e© {H$òVohþ
_{V…''(Ÿ^mJ.10Ÿ&51Ÿ&54Ÿ) dMZ_| {Zê${nV gËg“Ho$ _mhmËå`H$mo CnXoe ^JdËgodm Aé ^JdXr`g“ Ho$ ~rM H$moC VmaVå` bJV Zmqh.
^`mo. Vmgm| `h OVm`mo Omo ^JdËgodmŸ-ŸH$WmH$sV©Zñ_aUH$s Ý`m§B gËg“hþ
^JdËn[aM`m©Ÿ-ŸldUÛmam {MÎmH$m| ^JdXoH$VmZ H$[adoH$mo EH$ Cnm` hoŸ&&2Ÿ&& `hm§ CÎmanj `m| H$ømo OmV ho Omo (Ÿ1Ÿ)""godm`m§ dm H$Wm`m§ dm'' dMZ_|
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^JdËgodmH$WmH$mo g_wÀM` CÎm_nj _mÝ`mo OmV ho Aé ^JdËgodm AWdm CX²~wÕ hmo` gH$V ho, `mVo loð> H$hmŸ? (Ÿ4Ÿ) VogoB ^mJdVŸ-ŸEH$mXeñH§$YHo$
^JdËH$Wm _| Vo H$moC EH$H$mo Adb§~Z _Ü`_nj. Vhm§hþ BVZmo Vmo Adí` ÑT> ""Z amoY`{V...'' dMZ_| gËg“H$s loð> gmYZVmH$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho loð>
H$[a öX`_| amIZmo Omo godmŸ-ŸH$WmH$mo Adb§~Z ñdJ¥h_| eŠ` hmo` VmV| CÎm_ \$bê$nVm qH$dm Bï> V m H$mo Zmqh. nw { ï> O rdHo $ H$mO gmMmo \$b Vmo
H$hm hmo` gHo$Ÿ? naÝVw Omo eŠ` Z hmo` Vmo ^JdËH$WmW© Ka_| ahV AWdm Ka_| ^JdËñdê$ngo d Zhr _mÝ`mo ho Ÿ :Ÿ""^JdX² ê $ngo d mWª VËg¥ { ï>… ZmÝ`Wm
^JdËgodm Z hmo`dono ~rO^mdHo$ ÑT> ^òVo KaH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$hþ ^JdXr`Z²Ho$ ^doV²''(Ÿnw.à._.12Ÿ). Vmgm| nyd©nj Xmof`wŠV ho. Ego Omo ^JdËgodm Aé gËg“
g“ ^JdËH$WmHo$ Adb§~ZH$mo CnXoe ho. (Ÿ2Ÿ)ñd_mJu` godm{gÕmÝVHo$ AZwgma Ho$ ~rM {dH$ën _mZV h|; AWdm J¥hË`mJH$mo AZwH$ën ^JdËgodmH$mo _mZV h|
goì` ñdê$n ^JdmZ²H$mo O‹S> àVrH$ Zmqh gmo Š`m|Ÿ? Omo ~«÷dmXHo$ AZwgma gmo Vmo gd©Wm _ybdMZZ²_| AZ{^àoV Ame` ho. Vmgm| `hm§ {ZîH$f© `h
gmjmV² ñdê$nhr _mÝ`mo OmV ho. VmV| {ZOgoì` ñdê$nHo$ MaUmaqdXZ²H$mo Vmo Om{ZòŸ:ŸJ¥hpñW{Vnyd©H$ ^JdËgodmê$n _w»`H$ënH$mo AZwH$ënhr J¥hË`mJnyd©H$
Am{YX¡{dH$ Om{ZHo$ ÑT>ml` amIZmo. gËg“H$m| lr_hmà^w Am{Y^m¡{VH$ MaUHo$ gËg“ ho; AWdm ì`dpñWV {dH$ën OmZZmo. gmo H$hmŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo
ê$n_| ~aZo h|. (Ÿ3Ÿ)J¥hpñWV nwéfHo$ H$mO órg“; CnbjUV`m órHo$ H$mO ^JdËgodm {ZOJ¥h_| eŠ` hmo` Vmo gmo CÎm_ Aé ^JdËgodm eŠ` Z hmo` Vmo
nwéfg“ H$mo Xmof _hmZ² ~mYH$ Vmo _mÝ`mo J`mo ho naÝVw `Wm^md H$moC CÎm_m{YH$mar ~rO^mdHo$ ÑT> ^ò nmN>o J¥hË`mJnyd©H$ gËg“hþ CÎm_. gmo Ego gËg“H$mo
^JËgodm_| gh`moJrHo$ ^mdgm|, Vmo H$moC _Ü`_m{YH$mar {ÌdJ©gmYZ_| gh`moJrHo$ {Zê$nU Vmo ^`mo; A~ J¥hpñW{Vnyd©H$ ^JdËgodmH$mo CnXoe AWm©V² ""H¥$îUmWª
^mdgm|, Vmo H$moC AY_m{YH$mar H$m_mon^moJ_| gh`moJrHo$ ^mdgm|; Vmo H$moC VËà`§wOrV H¥$îU… g§gma_moMH$…''A§egy§ {Zê${nV njH$mo CnXoe H$aV h|Ÿ:
AY_mY_m{YH$mar Ho$db YZbmobwn hmo`Ho$ nañna órg“ AWdm nwéfg“ Ka_|
H$aV h| . Vmgm| órnw é fg“H$s qZXm ""g“mËg§ O m`Vo H$m_… AZw H y $ bo H$bÌmXm¡ {dîUmo : H$m`m© { U H$maò V ² Ÿ &&
H$m_mËH«$moYmo@{Ôm`Vo, H«$moYmØd{V g§_moh…...''dMZHo$ AZwgÝYmZ_| H$hr
CXmgrZo ñd`§ Hw $ `m© V ² à{VHy $ bo J¥ h § ËÒo V ² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
~mV ho AÝ`Wm Zht. Vmgm|hr ^mJdV_| H$ømo ho Omo ""VmdX² amJmX`…
ñVo Z mñVmdËH$mamJ¥ h § J¥ h § , VmdÝ_mo h m| @ {K« { ZJS> m o `mdËH¥ $ îU Z Vo VËË`mJo Xy f U§ ZmpñV `V: H¥ $ îU~{h_w © I m:Ÿ&&
OZm…''(Ÿ^mJ.10Ÿ&14Ÿ&36Ÿ) VmV| ^JdËgodmnamÙ ^JdXr`H$s J¥hpñW{VH$m|
lr_hmà^w {Z~ÝY_| ""_wpŠVV|hþ CÎm_'' H$hr ~ImZV h|. gmo Am{YX¡{dH$ H$bÌmXm¡Ÿ=ŸnpËZ Am{X à{VHy$boŸ=Ÿà{VHy$b hm|` (Ÿg{V=VmoŸ)
gmjmV² à^yZ²Ho$ MaUmaqdXZ²H$m| ÑT>ml` am{IdodmaoZ²Ho$ H$mO J¥hHo$ ñdê$nVmo ho` AZwHy$boŸ=ŸAZwHy$b hm|`(Ÿg{VŸ) J¥h§Ÿ=ŸKaHw§$, ËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸN>moS>o
hmo ` do H $mo CnXo e Z OmZZmo . AÝ`Wm ""emdm¡ H$am¡ Zmo Hw $ éV… {dîUmo…Ÿ=Ÿ{dîUw gå~pÝY VÎ`mJoŸ=Ÿ{dZH$mo Ë`mJ H$[ado_|
gn`m©_²''(Ÿ^mJ.2Ÿ&3Ÿ&21Ÿ) dMZ_| ^JdËgodma{hV hmWZ²H$m| edhñV Oogo
H$m`m©{UŸ=ŸH$m`© XyfU§Ÿ=ŸXmofŸ/ŸAnamY
An{dÌ {JZmò h|. VmV| Oogo J¥hË`mJH$mo ~ImZ H$aV hmo Vogo `moJm{X Cnm`Z²V|
XohË`mJHo$hþ ~ImZ Š`m| Zmqh H$aVŸ? VmV| H$hm {gÕ hmoV hoŸ? Vhm§ `h OmZo H$maòV²Ÿ=ŸH$amdZo Z ApñVŸ=ŸZmht ho
Omo Oogo JohH$mo Vogohr XohH$mohþ ñdê$n ho`hr H$ømo ho. Vmgm| ho` hmodoVo Oogo CXmgrZoŸ=ŸCXmgrZ hm|`(Ÿg{VŸ) `V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m| (ŸVo H$bÌmX`…Ÿ)
J¥hË`mJ H$[aHo$ gËg“H$m| YmdV hmo Vogo Xohgm| gmÜ` gËg“H$m|hþ N>m§{S>Ho$ ñd`§Ÿ=ŸIwX (ŸHw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$aoŸ); H¥$îU~{h_w©Im…Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUgy§ ~{h_w©I h|
AZeZm{X H$R>moa d«VÛmam _wpŠV nm`do H$mhoH$m| Z YmdZm|Ÿ? Omo H$hmo Ho$ _wpŠVV|
^pŠVH$m| loð> _mZr ho; Vmo gËg“V| Vmo Ho$db ldUopÝÐ`Ÿ-ŸAÝV…H$aUŸ- ^mdmW© : nËZrŸ-Ÿ~hþŸ-Ÿ~hoZŸ-Ÿ~oQ>r nwÌŸ-Ÿ{nVmŸ-Ÿ^mB© Am{X ~ÝYw~m§Yd VogoB
ŸOrdmË_m_|hr ^pŠV àH$Q> hmoV hoŸ-ŸVhm§ ^JdËgodmHo$ H$maU Vmo Xoh BpÝÐ` àmU ZmoH$aŸ-ŸMmH$a Am{X Ka_| a{hdodmao Oo H$moC bmoJ ^JdËgodmZwHy$b hm|` Vmo
AÝV…H$aU AmË_m VWm gH$b AmË_r` nXmW©Z²_| ^JdËg“demV² ^JdËH$m_
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{VZgm| {dîUwH$m`©Ÿ=Ÿ^JdËgodmŸ-Ÿn[aM`m© H$amdZr. {VZ_| Omo H$moC CXmgrZ hmo`
Vmo VmH$m| ^JdËgodmW© H$moC H$m`© Z gm|nZmo, ñd`§hr H$[a boZmo. {VZno ñd`§ H$Nw> H$Ny>H$ nmI§S>r bmoJ `hm§ AH$m§S>Vm§S>d H$aV h| Omo `m íbmoH$_|Ÿ- AZwHy$b
H$amdV Z hmo` VmoC ^JdËgodmH$mo {damoY H$[a Oo H$moC à{V~ÝY S>maV hm|` Oo nËZr Am{XV| ^JdËgodm H$am` bodoH$s Ny>Q> lr_hmà^yZ²Zo Xr{Z ho, VmV| `h
{VZH$mo n[aË`mJ H$aZmo. Egmo H$aV Omo H$Ny>H$ Xmof bJo Vmo H$hm H$aZmoŸ? Vhm§ {gÕ hmoV ho Omo n{V AWdm {nVm Ho$ {dÎmH$m| bo`Ho$ nËZr AWdm nwÌ AmnŸ-
Amkm H$aV h| Omo à^yZ²Vo ~{h_w©I OrdZ²H$mo n[aË`mJ H$[ado_| H$mhþ àH$maH$mo ŸAmnwZo VZwZ²V|Ÿ=ŸXohZ²V| ^JdËgodm H$aV hm|`, Vm_| {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbrH$s
emór` AnamY hmoV ZmqhŸ&&3Ÿ&& "VZw{dÎmOgodm'H$s AmkmH$mo boe_mÌ ~mY hmoV Zmqh. Vmgm| H$hm {gÕ ^`moŸ?
Omo Oogo n{VH$s {dÎmOmV| nËZrH$s VZwOm godm_| {gÕmÝV~mY Zmqh; Vogohr
Q>rH$m : `hm§ e‘>m CR>V ho Omo KaŸ-Ÿn[admaHo$ bmoJ ^JdËgodmZwHy$b h| qH$dm d¡îUdZ²H$s {dÎmOmV| Jmoñdm{_~mbH$Z²H$s VZwOm godm_|hþ H$moC {gÕmÝV~mY
Zht VmH$mo kmZ Ho$go nmBòŸ? Vhm§ `h g_mYmZ Om{Zò Omo gd©{ZU©` {Z~ÝY_| _mZZmo Zmqh. Vhm§ `h OmZZmo Omo n{VnËZr AWdm {nVmnwÌm{X _| Kag§n{ÎmH$mo
lr_hmà^w H$hV h|Ÿ:- {d^mOZ Omo ^`mo Z hmo` V~ Vmo Omo KaH$s g§n{Îm hmo` Vhm§ g~Z²H$mo A{d^ŠV
ñdËd ahV ho. Vmgm| n{V qH$dm {nVm Ho$ Ðì`V| nËZr qH$dm g§VVr ^JdËgodm
H$aV hm|` Vm_| boZŸ-ŸXoZH$mo ì`dhma ^`mo _mÝ`mo OmV Zmqh. A~ H$moC d¡îUd
{djo n mX² AWdm@eŠË`m à{V~ÝYmX{n Šd{MV² Ÿ &&
Aé Jmoñdm{_~mbH$ H$shþ g§n{Îm nañna A{d^ŠV hmo` Vmo V~ Vmo EH$XyOoV|
AË`mJ« h àdo e o dm nanrS>m{Xgå^do Ÿ && Ðì`H$m| bo`Ho$ ^JdËgodm H$ado_| boZŸ-ŸXoZH$mo ì`dhma ^`mo Z Om{Zò naÝVw gmo
J¥hñWmZm_{n nyOm`m§ nÄMXmofgå^do...{djonm{X{V, ñdV…àd¥{Îma{hVm{Z Z hmo` Vmo boZŸ-ŸXoZH$mo ì`dhma _m{Zdmo naV ho. Vhm§ ^JdËgodmW© naÐì`
BpÝÐ`m{U ~bmX² ^Jd{V `moÁ`_mZm{Z {djon§ OZ`pÝV {dJ«hH${e©Vm{Z. Oa`m bo`doV| VZw{dÎmOm godmH$mo ñdê$n{dKmV Aé godmHo$ níMmV² godmon^wŠV gm_J«rH$m|
ì`m{Y{^dm© `Xm eŠË`^mdmo, bmoH$m dm à{V~ÝY§ Hw$d©pÝV, ñdñ` dm na_ AnZo Cn^moJmW© bo`dono XodbH$VmH$mo _hmnm{VË`H$mar Xmofhþ b{J OmV ho.
AmJ«h CËnÚVo òZ V_{g à{dï>mo ^JdÝV§ Z ñ_a{V, bmoH$mZm§ dm nrS>m§ Hw$`m©V²;
VÌ nyOm Ë`ŠVì`m. VXm AÝ`Ìm{n VWmËdo naXoeo eyÝ`Xodmbò nyOm {dYo`m.
Xygao H$Ny>H$ nmI§S>r bmoJ Egmohþ {dYmZ H$aV h| Omo ~«÷gå~ÝY bo`
VÌm{n Xmo f gå^do . ..VXm `Ì¡ d JËdm go d m g§ n Ëñ`Vo VÌ¡ d go d m
bodoHo$ níMmV² AhÝVmŸ-Ÿ__Vm Vmo amIZr C{MV Zmqh, VmV| H$hm Vmo
H$V©ì`m(Ÿg.{Z.H$m.à.247Ÿ).
Jmoñdm{_~mbH$Z²H$mo YZ Aé H$hm d¡îUdZ²H$mo YZŸ!Ÿgmo H$mhoVo OmoŸ-Ÿà^yZ²H$mo
g_{n©V g~ H$Ny> à^yZ²H$mohr hmo` OmV ho, VmV| Ohm§ AnZoŸ-ŸnamòH$s ôXÑ{ï>hr
amIZr `mo½` Zmqh Vhm§ naÐì`V| godm Z H$[adoH$s ~mVH$mo AW© H$hmŸ? Ego
BZ {djon AepŠV à{V~ÝY AË`mJ«hàdoe Aé nanr‹S>m ê$n nm§M XmofZ²H$s nmI§S>dMZHo$ {ZagZmW© Ego nyN>Zmo Omo Ho$db Ðì`Ho$ ~mao_|hr AhÝVmŸ-Ÿ__Vm
ì`m»`m J«ÝW_|Vohr Xo{I boZr. gmo {OZ_| ò nm§M Xmof Z hm|` {VZH$mo ^JdËgodmW© Ë`m{J XodoH$s H$hV hmo qH$dm g~hr {df`Z²_|Ÿ? Omo H$hmo Ho$ g~hr {df`Z²_|
AZwHy$b OmZZmo. ò Xmofhþ Z hm|` Aé é{Mhþ àH$Q> Z H$aV hm|` Vmo {VZH$m| AhÝVmŸ-Ÿ__Vm Ë`mJ Xr{Z, Vmo nan{VŸ-ŸnanËZrH$mohþ ôX^md ^wbm` XrZmo
CXmgrZ OmZZmo. Aé ^JdËgodm_| Oo ~mYH$ hm|` {VZH$m| Vmo Ë`mJhr H$aZmo. H$hmŸ? Omo H$moC "hm§' H$ho Vmo H$hm Jmoñdm{_~mbH$Z²H$s ~hþOrŸ-Ÿ~oQ>rOr d¡îUdHo$
naÝVw H$mhþVo gmohþ Z ~{Z Amdo Vmo VmH$m| Vmo Amnwhr AÝ`Ì H$hþ§ Om` ~gZmo. Ka Om` gHo$ Aé d¡îUdH$s ~hþ~oQ>r Jmoñdm{_~mbH$Ho$ Ka a{h gHo$Ÿ? Omo Egr
gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo ^JdËgodm_| ~mYH$ hmo` VmH$m| d¡îUd Z Om{Zò Aé Omo ~mV H$[ado_|hþ H$moC Xmof _mZo Vmo {gÕ ^`mo Om{Zò Omo AhÝVmŸ-Ÿ__Vm gd©Wm
d¡îUdY_©H$mo {damoY H$aV hmo` VmHo$ g“H$m| Vmo Xw…g“hr OmZZmo. Vmo {_Q>r Zmqh. Vmgm| O~ AÝ` {df`_| {_Q>r Zmqh, V~ ^JdËgodmê$n ñdY_©H$m|
437 438
Ðì`bmbgmH$s Xwd©¥{ÎmHo$ H$maU AmOr{dH$m Z ~ZmZmo hmo` Vmo, AhÝVmŸ-Ÿ__VmHo$ Cnm` àn{ÎmH$m| _mÝ`mo ho. gmo Vm {Zê$nU_| ñdê$nmZwnn{Îm, bjUmZwnn{Îm,
Z am{IdoHo$ ~hmZo ~Zm`doV| bm^ H$hmŸ? VmV| {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr VWm n§MíbmoH$s AZwð>mZmZwnn{Îm, {dÜ`Zwnn{Îm, {ZfoYmZwnn{Îm, ôXmZwnn{Îm, eŠ`ËdmZwnn{Îm,
Ho$ XmoC dMZZ²H$s EH$dmŠ`VmH$mo {dMma {H$òV| {ZOn[admaHo$ nËZrŸ-ŸnwÌŸ- à{gÕËdmZwnn{Îm, g§àXm`m{déÕËdmZwnn{Îm Egr Zd{dY AZwnn{ÎmZ²H$mo n[ahmahþ
Ÿ^mB©Ÿ-Ÿ^moOmB© J¥hXmg BË`m{XH$Z²Vo ^JdËgodm H$am` bodoV| VZw{dÎmOm godmHo$ {H$`mo ho; gmo nw{ï>_maJ_| _mÝ` amIZmo Ho$ ZmqhŸ? Aé Omo _mÝ` Z hm|` Vmo do
ñdê$nH$mo {dKmV hmoV Zmqh; Aé {OZHo$ gmW g§n{Îm qH$dm Myëhm H$m| A{d^ŠV gJar AZwnn{Îm lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ CnXoe_|hþ àgŠV hm|` Vmo {VZH$mo n[ahma H$hmŸ?
Z am{IHo$ ôX^md am{Ido_| AmdV ho, {VZHo$ VZwV| AWdm {dÎmV| ^JdËgodm
H$am`doVo VZw{dÎmOmHo$ {Z`_H$mo Cëb§KZ hmoV ho. (Ÿnw { ï> à n{Îm_mJ© _ | eaUmJ{VH$s N> h ar{VZ² H $mo Cno X o e Ÿ)
AZw H y $ bñ` g‘>ën…Ÿ 1 à{VHy $ bñ` dO© Z _² Ÿ 2 &&4Ÿ&&
gw~mo{YZr(Ÿ3Ÿ&1Ÿ&2Ÿ)Ho$ ""J¥hpñWVo… CËH¥$ï>Ëd§ Z ^JdXr`Ëd_mÌoU {H$ÝVw H$[aî`Vr{V {dídmgmo 3 ^V¥ © Ë do daU§ Ÿ 4 VWmŸ&&
^JdVm gh pñWË`m ^JdËH$m`m©Wª dm; AÝ`Wm Z ñWmVì`_² B{V pñW{V…''
AmË_Z¡ d o Ú H$mn© Ê ò Ÿ 5-6 fS² > {dYm eaUmJ{V…Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
dMZHo$ AZwgma J¥hpñW{VHo$ njH$mo Adb§~Z H$[adodmao AmË_{ZdoXr A{YH$marZ²H$mo
ñdmË_mH$mo VWm gH$b ñdmË_r` nXmW©Z²H$mo ^JdËgodm_| g_n©UŸ-Ÿ{d{Z`moJ
H$[adoH$mo CnXoe ^`moŸ&&3Ÿ&& AZwHy$bñ`Ÿ=ŸAZwHy$b ~{ZdoH$mo ^V¥©Ëdo=ñdm[_ Ho$ ê$n_o
g‘>ën…Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM` daU§Ÿ=ŸñdrH$ma
^mJdV(Ÿ11Ÿ&2Ÿ&42Ÿ)Ho$ à{VHy$bñ`Ÿ=Ÿà{VHy$bH$mo VWmŸ=ŸAé
^pŠV… nao e mZw ^ dmo {dapŠVaÝ`Ì M¡ f {ÌH$ EH$H$mb…Ÿ& dO©Z_²Ÿ=ŸË`mJ AmË_Z¡doÚH$mn©ÊòŸ=ŸAmË_{ZdoXZ
ànÚ_mZñ` `WmíZV… ñ`w: Vw{ï>… nw{ï>… jwXnm`mo@ZwKmg_²Ÿ&& H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo VWm XrZVm
-dMZHo$ AZwgma eaUmJ{VV| ^pŠV naoemZw^d Aé {dapŠV `m| VrZm|hr B{VŸ=ŸEgmo fS²>{dYmŸ=ŸN>o àH$maH$s
{_br gH$V h|, VmV| A~ ^pŠV_mJ©_| Omo Ord àdoe`mo½` h| {VZHo$ H$mO; qH$dm {dídmgmoŸ=Ÿâmogmo eaUmJ{V…Ÿ=ŸeaUmJ{V
dV©_mZ OÝ__| AWdm AdñWm_| `mo½` Z hm|` Vmohþ, ^JdV²Ÿ-ŸeaUmJ{VHo$
H$maU, dV©_mZ OZ__| AWdm AmJm_r OZ__|hþ à^w^pŠVHo$ Omo A{YH$mar ~{Z ^mdmW© : à^yZ²Ho$ AZwHy$b ~{ZdoH$mo g‘>ën, à^yZ²Ho$ à{VHy$bH$mo Ë`mJ, à^w
nmd|Jo {VZHo$ H$mO eaUmJ{VHo$ A“Z²H$mo CnXoe H$[adoH$m| S>o‹T> H$m[aH$m H$hV g~ H$Nw> AnZr BÀN>mZwgma H$a|Jo Egmo âmogmo, ñdm{_Ho$ ê$n_| à^yZ²H$mo ñdrH$ma,
h|. AmË_{ZdoXZ VWm XrZVm Eg| eaUmJ{VHo$ N>o àH$ma hmoV h|.
Vhm§ H$Ny>H$ àíZ hmoV h| Omo BZ S>o‹T> H$m[aH$mH$s eãXmdbrH$mo nm§MamÌHo$ Q>rH$mŸ:Ÿ"{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`'_| Aml`H$s gmYZm_| {ddoH$ Aé Y¡`© Ho$ ~mX
bú_rV§ÌHo$ gßVXemÜ`m`_| {Zê${nV fS>§J Cnm`ê$n àn{ÎmHo$ dU©ZV| gmå` Aml`^mdH$s _mZ{gH$-dm{MH$ ^mdZm, AÝ`ml`H$mo n[aË`mJ, Ñ‹T>{dídmg;
àH$Q> ho; gmo H$hm C^`Ì EH$hr {df` ho qH$dm n¥WH²$Ÿ-Ÿn¥WH²$Ÿ? fmoS>eJ«ÝWHo$ VWm, eaU^mdZm öX`_| Ñ‹T> am{IHo$ Omo H$Nw> ghO_| àmßV hmo` VmH$mo {Z_©_
{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`_|hþ Aml`H$mo CnXoe ho; gmo ò CnXoe Aé Vhm§ {H$`mo CnXoe godZ H$aZmo Eogo Mma Am§{JH$ Cnm`Z²H$s AZwð>o`VmH$mo CnXoe XrZmo. {VZ
EH$hr h| qH$dm n¥WH²$Ÿ-Ÿn¥WH²$Ÿ? VogoB© am_mZwO g§àXm`_|hþ ^pŠVV| Ý`mamo EH$ Cnm`Z²H$mo A~ `m J«ÝW_| Cn{Xï> BZ N>h Cnm`Z²Ho$ gmW H$hm-H¡$gmo gå~ÝY
439 440
OmZZmoŸ? H$hm do Aé ò Cnm` EH$ hr VahHo$ Cnm`Z²Ho$ Zm_ôXgm| CnXoe h|Ÿ? ^B©. AOw©ZH$s eaUmJ{V, naÝVwŸ, ñd`§ lr_wIV| _mojn`©dgm{`Zr OVmB©.
Omo hm§ H$hmo Vmo nwZépŠVH$mo Xmof hmo`. AWdm Omo XmoC {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ar{VZ²Ho$ d«O^ŠVZ²H$s, naÝVwŸ, eaUmJ{VHo$ Ûmam {VZH$s ^JdXmgpŠVH$mo ^JdX²ì`gZ^md_|
Cnm` hm|` Vmo BZH$mo Aé {dZH$mo g_wÀM` OmZZmo Ho$ {dH$ën OmZZmoŸ? Omo {dH$mg ^`mo Ñ{ï>JV hmoV ho. Vmgm| dmo eaUmJ{V nw{ï>_mJu` {gÕ ^B© OmZZr.
g_wÀM` _mZ| Vmo "{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`'_| Cnm`monXoeH$s Ý`yZVmH$mo Xmof Amdo. Omo
{dH$ën _mZ| Vmo O¡go "AÝ`ml`Ë`mJ' Aé "^V¥Ë© ddaU' V¡go hr "A{dídmgË`mJ' lr_X²^mJdVHo$ EH$mXeñH$ÝY_|hþ ""Vñ_mV² Ëd_² CÕdŸ! CËg¥Á` MmoXZm§
Aé "{dídmg-am{Ido' _| EH$ gr ~mVZ²H$mo {d{Y_wI Aé {ZfoY_wI gm| CnXoe à{VMmoXZm§ àd¥Îm§ M {Zd¥Îm§ M lmoVì`§ lwV_od M _m_² EH$_od eaU_²
{_b aôçmo hmo`dogy§ {dH$ën H¡$go gå^doŸ? BZ Ame‘>mZ²Ho$ g_mYmZmW© A~ BZ AmË_mZ§ gd©Xo{hZm§ `m{h gdm©Ë_^mdoZ _`m ñ`m ôçHw$Vmo^`…'' `m dMZ_|
XmoC "{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`' Aé `m "nÄMíbmoH$s' J«ÝWZ²_| àmßV hmoVo CnXoeZ²Ho$ ~rM gd©{dY Cnm`mdbå~ZH$mo n[aË`mJ Aé Cno` Y{_©ê$n gmjmV² lrà^yZ²Ho$
nañna gmÜ`-gmYH$^md Om{Z bodmo Amdí`H$ h¡. Adbå~ZH$mo CnXoe {_bV ho.
Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo "H¥$îUml`'ñVmoÌ_| ""{ddoH$Y¡`©^ŠË`m{Xa{hVñ` `hm§ "gdm©Ë_^md' nXgm| ^pŠVH$s ì`gZmoÎmaXem_| {gÕ hmo`dodmao
{deofV…, nmnmgŠVñ` XrZñ` H¥$îUEd J{V_©_'' H$ôçmo ho gmo {ddoH$ hþ gdm©Ë_^mdH$mo eaUmJ{V_| gmYZ^md Z {dMmaZm|. Š`m| Omo
O~ {Z^Vmo Z hmo`, Vmo Y¡`©H$s Vmo ~mV H$hmŸ! Vhm§hþ§ ^JdXml` Z N>mo‹S>Zm| Eogo
""^pŠV… naoemZw^dmo {dapŠV… AÝ`Ì M¡f {ÌH$ EH$H$mb…
Vmo H$ôçmo hr ho. V¡go hr {ddoH$Y¡`m©l`_|hþ `h Amkm Xr{Z ho Omo ""AeŠò
h[aaod ApñV gd©_² Aml`Vmo ^doV²'' Vmgm| `hm§ A~ dm gd©gmYH$ ànÚ_mZñ` `Wm AíZV… ñ`w… nw{ï>… Vw{ï>… jwXnm`mo AZwKmg§
^JdXml`H$s {g{ÕHo$ Cnm`Z²H$mo CnXoe _hmà^w `m J«ÝW_| Xodmo MmhV h|. Vmgm| B{V AÀ`wVm§{K«¨ ÔVmo AZwd¥Î`m ^pŠV… {dapŠV… ^JdËà~moYmo
BZ² Cnm`Z²Ho$ AZwgaoVo ^JdmXml` {gÕ hmoV ho. Vm H$[a Aml`Ho$ ñdê$nKQ>H$ ^dpÝV d¡ ^mJdVñ` amOZ²Ÿ! VV… nam§ empÝV_² Cn¡{V gmjmV²''
Mm`m] : 1Aml`^mdH$s _mZ{gH$-dm{MH$ ^mdZm, 2AÝ`ml`H$mo n[aË`mJ,
3
Ñ‹T>{dídmg; VWm, 4eaU^mdZm öX`_| Ñ‹T> am{IHo$ Omo H$Nw> ghO_| àmßV hmo` -BZ dMZZ²_| eaUmJ{VH$m| ^pŠVHo$ gmYZV`mhþ CnXoe {X`moŸho.
VmH$mo {Z_©_ godZ H$aZmo, Eogo ^dJXml`Ho$ Mm`m] Am§{JH$ Cnm`hþ AmMm`©MaUH$s
H¥$nmV| {gÕ hmo` Om`|Jo Eogo OmZZmo.
Vmgm| _mojgm{YH$m eaUmJ{V _`m©Xm_mJu` Aé ^pŠVgm{YH$m eaUmJ{VH$mo
nw{ï>_mJu` H$[a OmZZmo.
^JdX²JrVm_| Omo ""gd©Y_m©Z² n[aË`Á` _m_² EH§$ eaU§ d«O Ah§ Ëdm
gd©nmnoä`mo _moj{`î`m{_ _m ewM'' dMZV| ^JdmZ²Zo eaUmJ{VH$mo CnXoe
XrZm| gmo Vmo _mojn`©dgm{`Zr eaUmJ{V ho. Vmgm| `hm§ _`m©Xm_mJu` eaUmJ{VH$mo lram_mZwO gåàXm`Ho$ AZwgma Cnm`mZwð>mZHo$ à`ËZgm| AmaãY qH$dm
CnXoe Om{Zò. lr_X²^mJdVHo$ ""Vñ_mÝ_ÀN>aU§ Jmoð>§ _ÝZmW§ _Ën[aJ«h§ Jmonmò gmÜ` Y_m©l`ê$nm eaUmJ{VH$m| ""_H©$Q>emdH$Ý`m`H$s eaUmJ{V'' H$hV h|.
ñdmË_`moJoZ gmo@`§ _o d«V Am{hV…'' `m dMZ_| nw{ï>_mJu` eaUmJ{VH$mo gmo H$mhoVŸo ? Omo _H©$Q>emdH$ O~ AnZo à`ËZgm| AnZr _mVmHo$ CXagm| Ñ‹T>VmnydH© $
{Zê$nU ho. Eogmo {Zê$nU ~‹S>oZ²Ho$ dMZ_| {_bV ho. VmH$mo A{^àm` `h Omo {Mn{H$ ahV ho Vmo _mVmhþ VmH$m| Ohm§ D§$MmB© Ho$ Xy[a Vm§B© dh ~mbH$ Hy${X Z
AOw©Z VWm d«O^ŠV XmoÝ`m|Z²H$m| AÝ`ml` Aé Y_m©l` {Zd¥Îm H$[aHo$ Amn ñd`§ nm_| Vhm§ VmH$m| Hw$Xm` gH$V ho. VmV| _H©$Q>emdH$H$m| ñdà`ËZ H$[adoVo hr
Y{_©ê$ngm| ajH$ qH$dm Aml` ~Zo gmo eaUmJ{V Vmo C^`Ì g_mZê$nm {gÕ _mVmH$m| Ñ‹T> Aml` \$br^yV hmoV ho. Cno`à`ËZ AWm©V² gmjmV² à^yZ²Ho$
441 442
à`ËZgm| {gÕ daXmZH$s Ý`m§B© àmßV hm|dVr eaUmJ{VH$m| Yå`m©l`ê$nm eaUmJ{V ho. Vmgm| O¡go lr_X²^mJdVHo$ nydm}ŠV dMZ_| ""ànÚ_mZñ` ^pŠV{g{Õ…''
""_mOm©aremdH$Ý`m`H$s eaUmJ{V'' H$hV h|. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo _mOm©ar AnZo {Zê${nV H$s{Z V¡go Vmo Zqh naÝVw ""ànÎmm¡ Zr`_mZñ` ^ŠË`ZwH$ën{g{Õ…''
{Zarh emdH$H$m| AnZo _y§h_| Xm§VZ²gm| X~m{`Ho$ do Xm§V JaXZ_| J‹S>o hþ§ Zmqh Aé Ho$ ê$n_| ewÕnw{ï>ê$nm eaUmJ{V hþ H$~hþ§H$ à_o`~bgm| {gÕ hmoV ho. O¡go
EH$ N>namVo Xygao N>namno Hy$XVo g_` AnZmo ~mbH$ _y§h_|Vo {Jahþ Zm n‹S>o, Eogr Mm¡amgr d¡îUdZ²H$s dmVm©_| Aå~mbmdmao ZmamÙXmgOrH$m| AmMm`©MaUZ²Zo H$hr
gmdYm{Zgm| nH$[a amIV ho. V¡go hr H$~hÿH$ na_oída Xwï>/XrZ OrdH$m| {ZOH¥$nmgm| ""Vmogm| ñdê$ngodm Vmo {Z~hoJr Zmqh. namB© MmH$ar H$aZr Ka_| H$moC godH$
AnZr Va\$ I|{M boV h|. `m VahHo$ àôX AnZo gåàXm`_| hþ _mÝ` h|. Aé Zmqh. VmV| hñVmja {bI XoV hm|. gm_J«r Omo ~Z| gmo ^moJ Y[aHo$ _hmàgmX
ewÕnw{ï> VWm {_lnw{ï> H$s eaUmJ{VHo$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$maZ²_| {VZH$m| AÝV^m©d brOmo. V~ ~«÷gå~ÝYH$mo JÚH$mo íbmoH$ Aï>mja {b{IHo$ ZmamÙXmgHy§$
hmoV ho. {Xò... AnZmo MaUm_¥V XrZm| Aé "~mb~moY' J«ÝW H$[a n‹T>mò'' Vmgm| hr
gd©{ZU©`{Z~ÝYHo$ àH$me_|hþ Amn Amkm H$aV h| ""EVV² gdª à`ËZoZ J¥hñWñ`
^JdËà`ËZmaãYm Y{_©eaUmJ{V ^JdX²^pŠV_| n`©dgm{`Zr hmoV hmo` Vmo àH$s{V©V_² AÝòfm§ gå^doÎmw ñ`mX²... "J¥h§-YZ_²' B{V nydm©{YH$maÛ`m^mdo
VmH$m| ewÕnw{ï>ê$nm eaUmJ{V Om{Zò VWm _wpŠVn`©dgm{`Zr hmoV hmo` Vmo VmH$m| V¥Vr`§ nj_² Amh... ~môçmä`mÝVaôXoZ ê$no ôXÛ`§ _V§ ZmpåZ M¡H§$
_`m©Xmê$nm Om{Zò. VVñÌoYm ^pŠV_mJm} {Zê${nV…. àn{Îm_mJ©_² Amh... EVÝ_mJ©Û`§ àmoŠV§
J{VgmYZg§`wV_²'' Vmgm| ^pŠVHo$ AZwH$ënV`mhþ àn{Îm_mJ© qH$dm
eaUmJ{V_mJ© Cn{Xï> ^`mo ho . gmo Ordà`ËZmaãYhþ hmo ` gHo $ Aé
1.ŸOrdà`ËZmaãYm ^ŠË`Wm© Y{_©eaUmJ{V {_lnw{ï>_| _`m©Xmnw{ï>H$o OrdZ²H$m| ^JdËà`ËZmaãYhþ. àW__| à_mU Aé gmYZ Ho$ ~b gmYH$ ~ZV h| Aé
à_mU~bgm| fS²>{dY gmYH$ A§J ~Zr ^pŠVH$s gm{YH$m hmoV ho. 2.ŸOrdà`ËZmaãYm {ÛVr`_| à_o`~b Aé \$b~b {gÕ ^ò Om{Zò. gmo ZmamÙXmgH$m|
^ŠË`§J^yVm Y{_©eaUmJ{V {_lnw{ï>_| àdmhnw{ï>Ho$ OrdZ²H$m| fS²>{dY gmYZ~bgm| AmMm`©MaUZ²Zo AnZo à_o`~bgm| ^pŠVHo$ AZwH$ënV`m eaUmJ{VÛmam \$bXmZH$mo
^pŠVH$mo H$aU ~{Z ^pŠV^md {Z^m`do_| ghm{`H$m ~ZV ho. 3.ŸOrdà`ËZmaãYm daXmZ H$sZm|. `h brbm AmnZo {_lnw{ï>Ho$ OrdZ²H$m| AmídñV am{IdoH$m| àH$Q>
^pŠV^mdHo$ AmZwf§{JH$ \$bH$s Ý`m§B© ñdV…{gÕ hm|dVr Y{_©eaUmJ{V {_lnw{ï>_| H$s{Z. V¡go hr ewÕnw{ï>Ho$ OrdZ²H$m| hþ§ H$~hÿ§H$ ^pŠVHo$ {dH$ënV`m ^JdmZ²
nw{ï>nw{ï>Ho$ OrdZ²H$m| \$b~bgm| CZH$s ^pŠVH$s CÎm_VmH$mo fS²>{dY qbJ ~ZV gmjmV² eaUmJ{VH$mo daXmZ H$aV h|. gmo Eogr eaUmJ{V _wpŠV_| n`©d{gV Z
ho. hmo` na ñdê$nmgpŠV_| n`©d{gV hmoV hmo` Vmo VmH$m| ewÕnw{ï>ê$nm eaUmJ{V
Om{Zò.
O¡go nd©Vno Ap½Z àÁd{bV ho Ho$ Zmqh gmo VahoQ>r_o R>m‹S>o nwéfH$m| {XImB©
naV Zmqh. Vmohþ Vhm§ {eIano Yy_ CR>Vmo XrIV hmo` Vmo gmo Yy_ Ap½ZHo$ Vhm§ nyd©_| CÕ¥V EH$mXeñH$ÝYHo$ dMZ_| ""_m_² EH$_od eaU_² AmË_mZ§
hmo`doH$mo qbJ ~{Z OmV ho. Eogo `m n§MíbmoH$s_| H$ho Jò N>hm| Cnm` H$hþ§- gd©Xo{hZm§ `m{h gdm©Ë_^mdoZ'' dMZ_| Omo H$ôçmo VmH$mo A{^àm` eaUmJ{Vhþ
H$~hþ§H$ A§J, Vmo AÝ`Ì H$aU; Vmo nwZ… AÝ`Ì qbJ hþ ~ZV h|. BpÝÐ`Z²H$s {df`mgpŠV, _Z, ~w{Õ, Ah§H$ma, {MÎm Aé AmË_m `m| fS²>{dYm
hmo` Vmo VmH$m| gdm©Ë_Zm {gÕ ^B© Om{Zò. V¡go hr ^JdX²JrVmHo$ ""CnÐï>m
Vmgm| nyd©_| {Zê${nV ^JdËà`ËZmaãYm Y{_©eaUmJ{VH$mo ^JdX²^pŠV_| AZw_ÝVm M ^Vm© ^moŠVm _hoída… na_mË_m B{V Mm{n CŠVmo Xoho Apñ_Z² nwéf…
n`©dgmZ hmo`dodmamo hmo` Vmo H$~hþ§H$ à_o`~bgm| {_lnw{ï>Ho$ AÝVJ©V _`m©Xmnw{ï> na…'' dMZ_| eaÊ` qH$dm Aml` ê$nr à^wHo$hþ N>h ê$n {XImò h|.
AWdm àdmhnw{ï> Ho$ OrdZ²H$m|hþ ^pŠVHo$ AZwH$ënV`m fS²>{dY A§J {gÕ hm|dV
443 444
1.Vhm§ "CnÐï>m' H$hoVo à^w gm{j^mdgm| g~ H$Nw> XoIV h| Eogo Om{Zò. CnXoe H$[aHo$ Zd{dY^pŠVZ²_|Vo ldU H$sV©Z ñ_aU nmXgodZ AM©Z dÝXZ Aé
gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo OrdmË_m Vmo Cn^moJmW© {OZ BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ gXgX² ew^mew^ VWm Xmñ` `m| gmV VahH$s ^pŠV_| ànÝZ OrdH$mo A{YH$ma _mÝ`mo ho. Vmgm|
gwIXw…IàX {df`Z²H$m| gmjmV² amJÛofmonojmH$s Ñ{ï>gm| XoIV ho {VZH$m| à^w Vmo Xmñ`mÝVJ©V ^moJ Y[adoH$mo àH$mahþ ""Xmñ`§ VXoH$eaU§ VËàgmX¡H$^moOZ_²''
CnÐï>m hmo`Ho$ amJÛofmonojma{hV Ñ{ï>gm| {df`Xeu Ðï>mÛmam XoIV h|. Vmgm| H$ôçmo ho. Vmgm|hr _`m©Xm_mJu` nyOmHo$ àH$ma_|hþ ^JdËàgmXHo$ {Z`_H$mo
OrdHo$ Xmof à^yZ²gm| {N>n Zmqh gH$V h|. gmo ewÕ X¡Ý`^md am{IHo$ eaUmJV {Zdm©h eŠ` ho. d¡go Vmo `m_| `WmoŠVar{Vgm| dñVw gå~ÝY {H«$`m AWdm ^md
Ord à^yZ²Ho$ CnÐï>m hmo`doHo$ ^mdVo à{VHy$b Z hm|` Eogr Vahgm| {df`mon^moJ `m| g^rZ²Ho$ Cn^moJH$s ~mV ho. H$Nw> ImÚ^moOZ_mÌH$s Zmqh. Vmgm| `m Cn^moJ_|
H$[adoH$s BpÝÐ`Z²H$s é{M ~Zmdo Vmo AmZwHy$ë`H$mo g‘>ën {gÕ ^`mo Om{Zò. nw{ï>_mJu` godmàH$maH$s ar{Vgm| g»` qH$dm AmË_{ZdoXZ Ho$ ^mddmao ^moJ
Y[adoH$s Anojmhþ Zmqh. `mgm| _oao bm`H$ Omo hmo`Jmo gmo à^w _m|H$m| {gÕ H$[a
2."AZw_ÝVm' H$hoVo à^w OrdH$m| OrdH$s gXgX²dmgZmZ²Ho$ AZwgma gËH$_© X|Jo Aé Om_| _oamo {hV Zmqh gmo dñVw gå~ÝY {H«$`m AWdm ^md à^w H$~hþ§ {gÕ
qH$dm AgËH$_© Omo H$aZmo hmo` gmo H$[ado XoV h|, amoH$V-Q>moH$V Zmqh, AZw_{V Zmqh H$a|Jo. Vmgm| ""àmßV§ godoV {Z_©_''ŸH$mo ^md am{Idodmao eaUmJV OrdHo$
XoV h|. Vmgm| OrdmË_mH$m| AnZo _ZHo$ AmYrZ hmo`Ho$ Z{h àË`wV AnZo _ZH$m| {MÎm_| {dídmgê$n Aml`^md Ñ‹T> hmoV ho.
à^yZ²Ho$ AmYrZ ~Zm{` am{IdoH$m| à^yZ²Ho$ à{VHy$b H$moC H$_© H$aZmo Zmqh. Eogmo
hmo` Vmo _ZH$mo g‘>ën {gÕ ^`mo Om{Zò. 5."_hoída' H$hoVo à^yZ²H$mo Xodm{YXod g_PZo. Ordhþ AnZo Xohgm| AZw{ð>V
hmoVo H$_©Z²Ho$ AZwð>mZ Aé \$b^moJ _| ñd`§H$m| B©ídadV² AkmZde _m{Z gHo$
3."^Vm©' H$hoVo OrdH$mo H$V©ì` ho Omo ~w{ÕàoaH$ à^yZ²H$mo ^Vm©Ho$ ê$n_| naÝVw VmHo$hþ B©ída AÝV_| Vmo à^w hr h| gmo {VZH$m| "_hoída' H$ôçmo OmV ho.
~w{Õnyd©H$ daU H$[aHo$ V¡gmo hr ^md Vhm§ Ñ‹T> amIo. `mhrVo "{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`'_| gmo Š`m|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h| ^JdX²JrVm_| ^JdmZ² H$hV h| Omo
{Z{fÕ AÝ`ml`hþ Ny>{Q> Om`Jmo. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo AÝ`ml` {H$òVo ^V¥©^md ""B©ídamo Ah_²Ÿ, Ah§ ^moJr, {gÕmo Ah§, ~bdmZ², gwIr,
IpÊS>V hmoV ho. H$moC gÝZmar AnZo ^Vm©Ho$ {gdm` AÝ` ZaHo$ H$mO Anojm~w{Õ AmT²çmo, A{ÔZdmZ² Apñ_ H$mo AÝ`mo ApñV gÑemo _`m
amIV Zmqh. gmo ~w{ÕÛmam à^yZ²H$m| ^Vm©=n{V ~ZmZmo eaUmJ{VH$mo Vrgamo A§J `úò Xmñ`m{_ _mo { Xîò B{V AkmZ{d_mo { hVm…''
qH$dm qbJ ho.
-`m dMZHo$ AZwgma Xohgm| AZw{ð>V hmoVo H$_© Aé {VZHo$ \$bmon^moJ _|
4."^moŠVm' H$hoVo à^w O‹S>mO‹S> g^r {df`Z²Ho$ EH$_mÌ ^moJ H$[adodmao h|. AnZo ñdmV³Í`Ho$hþ D$na _hoídaHo$ gm_Zo AmnwZo Ah§H$maH$m| {dZ_« H$[adoVo
Vmgm| hr _h{f© ~mXamÙZo ""AÎmm MamMaJ«hUmV²'' {dYmZ ~«÷gyÌ_| {H$`mo H$mn©Ê`ê$n Aml`^md Ñ‹T> H$[a {gÕ hmoV ho.
ho. Vmgm| eaUmJV OrdH$mo H$V©ì` ~ZV ho Omo H$mhÿ dñVw gå~ÝY {H«$`m AWdm
^md Ho$ Cn^moJ H$aV ^JdX²^moJH$mo ^md H$[a VmHo$ ^JdËàgmX hmo`doH$mo ^md
6."na_mË_m' H$hoVo à^wH$mo ñdê$n na_ AmË_m hmo`doH$mo OmZZmo. gmo H¡$go
{MÎm_| am{IHo$ {VZH$mo Cn^moJ H$aZm|. Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo à^yZ²H$mo ^moJ Y[admo
Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo lr_X²^mJdV_| ""Ah_² AmË_m AmË_Zm§, YmV…Ÿ!, àoð>… gZ²
Vmo ^pŠVgmYZm_| hr ~{Z Amdo àn{Îm qH$dm eaUmJ{V H$s gmYZm_| gmo H¡$go
ào`gm_{n AVmo _{` aqV Hw$`m©X² Xohm{X… `ËH¥$Vo {à`…'' H$ôçmo ho. gmo
gå^doŸ? Vhm§ `h g_mYmZ OmZZmo Omo lrJmonrZmW à^wMaUZ²Zo gmYZXr{nH$mHo$
XohH$s {à`VmH$mo _yb O¡go AmË_mHo$ {à` hmo`do_| ho, V¡go hr OrdmË_mHo$hþ {à`
""bãYmZwJ«h_² AmMm`m©V² lrH¥$îUeaU§ OZ…...Ed§ gßV{dYm ^pŠV…
hmo`doH$mo _yb na_mË_mHo$ {à` hmo`do_| hmoV ho. Vmgm| eaUmJV Ord AmË_Zm O~
ànÝZm{YH¥$Vm ^doV²'' dMZZ²_| eaUmJV OrdHo$ dof qbJ AmMma Am{XH$mo
445 446
^JdmZ²H$mo {à` H$[a OmZV ho, V~ AmË_{ZdoXZ ê$n Aml`^md {gÕ ^`mo Ÿ&& gmYZàH$aU_² Ÿ&&
Om{Zò. `h eaUmJ{VHo$ AÝV^©Vy AmË_{ZdoXZH$m| ^pŠV^mdmÝV^yV© AmË_{ZdoXZgm|
(23)
n¥WH²$ Om{Zò. gmo H$mhoVoŸ? Omo eaUmJ{V_mJu` AmË_{ZdoXZ ~moYê$n ho n[a
^pŠV_mJu` Ho$db ~moYê$n Zhr A{nVw ^mdê$n Aé g_n©U-{d{Z`moJ- (ŸVËdmW© X rn{Z~ÝY_| gd© { ZU© ` àH$aUHo $ AÝVJ© V Ÿ)
n`©dgm`r ^JdËgodmê$nhþ hmoV ho.
AYw Z mVw H$bm¡ gd} {déÕmMmaVËnam…Ÿ&&
Eogr fS²>{dYm eaUmJ{V CÀMm{YH$mar OrdmË_mHo$ ^rVa à_o`~bV| ñdmÜ`m`m{X{H«$`mhrZm: VWm@@MmanamL²> _wIm…Ÿ&&212Ÿ&&
eaU^mdHo$ qbJV`m àH$Q> hmoV h|. _Ü`_ A{YH$marHo$ ^rVa ò N>hm| ^md {H« $ `_mU§ VWmMma§ {d{YhrZ§ àHw $ d© V o Ÿ &&
VmH$s eaUmJ{VHo$ A§Jê$ngm| àH$Q> hmoV h|. Aé H${Zð> A{YH$marHo$ ^rVa {d{jßV_Zgmo ^« m ÝVm: {Oôdmo n ñW-namÙm…Ÿ&&213Ÿ&&
H$aUHo$ ê$n_| AZwgaUr` hmoV h|. d« m Ë`àm`m… ñdVmo Xw ï >mg² VÌ Y_© … H$W§ ^do V ² Ÿ &&
fpS² ^ : gånÚVo Y_© g ² Vo Xw b © ^ Vam… H$bm¡ Ÿ &&214Ÿ&&
B{V lrXr{jVmË_O-í`m__Zmoha-{da{MVm H$mbXmofmV² epŠVõmgo doXm^mdmV² gd©Y_m©^md…. V{h© qH$ {dYo`_² B{V
n§MíbmoH$sì`m»`m AmH$mL²>jm`m_² Amh AWm@{n B{V.
gånyUm© AWm{n Y_© _ mJ} U pñWËdm H¥ $ îU§ Ôo V ² gXmŸ&&
lr^mJdV_mJ} U g H$WpÄMV² V[aî`{VŸ&&215Ÿ&&
nmfÊS>_VñdrH$ma_² AH¥$Ëdm `WmeŠË`p½ZhmoÌm{XH§$ Hw$d©Z² gXm H¥$îU§
ÔZ² ^d{V ^JdXwŠVoZ¡d _mJ}U VVmo _w»`Y_m©^mdmV² Z \$b§, ^JdX²ÔZmV²
M Z nmV…, {H$ÝVw H$WpÄMV² H$qb V[aî`{V H${bXmofm{^^yVmo Z ^{dî`{V
B{V AW©…Ÿ&&215Ÿ&&
H$bm¡Ÿ=ŸH${bH$mb_| VWmŸ=ŸAmoa
VwŸ=ŸVmo, AYwZmŸ=ŸAmO-H$b AmMmanamL²>_wIm…Ÿ=ŸgXmMmagm|
gd}Ÿ=Ÿg~, {déÕmMmaVËnam… {d_wI, VWmŸ=ŸAmoa
Ÿ=Ÿ{déÕ AmMma_| namÙ {H«$`_mU_²Ÿ=ŸH$ao OmVo
ñdmÜ`m`m{X{H«$`mhrZm…Ÿ=Ÿ AmMma§Ÿ=ŸAmMma hþ
ñdmÜ`m`m{X {H«$`mgm|Ÿa{hV {d{YhrZ§Ÿ=Ÿ{d{Ygm| a{hV
àHw$d©VoŸ=ŸH$ao h| (ŸVwŸ=ŸVmoŸ)fS²>{^…Ÿ=ŸN>ogy§
{d{jßV_ZgmoŸ=Ÿ{d{jßV _Zdmao (ŸXoeH$mbm{X{^…Ÿ=ŸXoeH$mbm{Xgy§)
nÄMíbmoH$s gmYZàH$aU_² Ÿ
447 448
^«mÝVm…Ÿ=Ÿ^«mÝV gånÚVoŸ=ŸgånÝZ hmo` ho
{OôdmonñW-namÙm…Ÿ=Ÿ^moJ- VoŸ=Ÿdo, H$bm¡Ÿ=ŸH${bH$mb_| d«mË`àm`-dU©Y_©gm| hrZ h|. ñd^mdgm| hr Xwï> h|. Eg| _Zwî`Z²_| Y_© Ho$go
amJ_| namÙ, d«mË`àm`m…Ÿ=Ÿ Xwb©^Vam…Ÿ=ŸA{V Xwb©^ a{h gHo$ hoŸ? Š`m|Ho$ Xoe, H$mb, Ðì`, H$Vm©, H$_© VWm _ÝÌ BZ N> nXmW©Z²gm|
A{YH$Va g§ñH$ma {dhrZ (ŸgpÝVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ)AWm{nŸ=ŸVmohþ Y_© ~Zo ho. `m H${bH$mb_| BZ Xoem{XH$ N> nXmW©Z²H$mo ewÕ {_bZmo Xwb©^ ho.
H${bH$mbHo$ Xmofgm| epŠVõmg ôdo J`mo ho Vmgm| doXH$mo A^md ho. AVEd g~
ñdV:Ÿ=ŸAmnwŸ/ŸIwX Y_©_mJ}UŸ=ŸY_©Ho$ _mJ©gm|
Y_©Z²H$mohþ A^md ho.
Xwï>m…Ÿ=ŸXwï>(Ÿg§OmVm…Ÿ=Ÿ^òŸh|) pñWËdmŸ=Ÿa{hHo$ (Ÿ`…Ÿ=ŸOmoŸ)
VÌŸ=ŸEgo_| (ŸEVmÑe¡…Ÿ=ŸEgoŸ) lr^mJdV_mJ}UŸ=Ÿ^mJdVmoŠVŸ_mJ©gm|
V~ AZoH$ àH$maHo$ gÝVmnZ²gm| Xw…Ir OrdZ²Hw§$ na_ gwIH$s àmpßVHo$ AW©
(ŸAZ{YH$m[a{^…Ÿ=ŸAZ{YH$marZ²Ûmam H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$m|, gXmŸ=Ÿh_oem H$hm gmYZ H$aZmo `mo½` hoŸ? Vhm§ CÎma Amkm H$ao h| AWm{n Y_©_mJ}U B{V.
{H«$`_mUofŸw =ŸH$aoŸOmVo(ŸH$_©gŸw =ŸH$_©_)| ÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔo ho, gŸ=Ÿdmo
Y_©…Ÿ=ŸY_©, H$W§Ÿ=ŸH$moZ àH$magy§ H$WpÄMV²Ÿ=ŸOogo-Vogo;ŸH$mhþ- nmIÊS>_VH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$, Ap½ZhmoÌm{XH$Z²Hw§$ ^pŠVHo$ A“ g_w{PHo$,
^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ÿ!, Y_©…Ÿ=ŸY_© àH$magy§, V[aî`{VŸ=ŸVaŸOm`Jmo {dZH$mo `WmepŠV nmbZ H$aVmo ^`mo gXm lrH¥$îUH$s ^pŠV_| namÙ aho Vmo
ŸŸ H${b`wJH$m| V[a Omdo ho.
^mdmW© : H${b`wJ_| `m {~[a`m§ g~ H$moD$ emó{déÕ AmMaU_| {ZaV h|.
ñdmÜ`m` Am{X {ZË`H$_©hþ H$moD$ H$aV Zmht. ñZmZŸ-Ÿd«VŸ-Ÿàm`píMÎmm{XH$s AWm©V² `m H${b`wJ_| _w»` d¡{XH$Y_© Zmht ~Z gHo$ Vmgm| doXmoŠV \$bhþ
ew{Õhþ H$moD$ nmbV Zmht. H$moD$ H$Ny>H$ _|S>-_aOmX nmbV h| gmoD$ `Wm{d{Y Zmht hmo`. ^JdX²ÔZ H$aVmo aho Vmo nmVhþ Zmht hmo`. {H$ÝVw H${bHo$ Xmof dm
Zmht. EgoZ²H$mo {MÎm H$hÿ§ EH$ R>moano R>haV Zmht. {Oôdm Aé CnñW H$m| gÝVwï> ^ŠVHw§$ X~m` Zmht gHo$ h|. Aën gmYZ H$[aHo$ ~S>o ^mar \$bH$m| XodoH$mo
H$[ado_| hr gd©Ì ^Q>H$V {\$aV h|. Ego d«mË`àm`: ñdVmo Xwï> _Zwî` Y_©~w{ÕV|hþ H${b`wJH$mo ñd^md dm ^ŠVHo$ AmJ| àJQ> hmo` Omdo ho. V~ Vmo ^JdXwŠV
H$Ny>H$ H$_© H$aV hm|` Vmo VmV| Y_m©Zwð>mZ {gÕ hmoV Zmht. gmo H$hoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV àH$magm| lÕmnyd©H$ ^JdËH$WmH$mo ldU, ^JdX²JwUZ²H$mo JmZ-ñ_aU,
h| Xoe-H$mb-Ðì`-_ÝÌ-H$Vm©-H$_©V| Y_© {gÕ hmoV ho, gmo `m H${b`wJ_| ò OÝ_moËgdm{XH$ H$aVmo ^`mo Y_©-AW©-H$m_H$mo ^JdmZ²Ho$ AW© hr AmMaU
N>hm| ewÕ {_bV Zmht. VmoD$ ~Zo gmo Y_© H$aV Omo lr^mJdVHo$ AZwgma H¥$îUH$m| H$aVmo ^`mo gXm ÔZ H$ao ho V~ ""B_§ bmoH$§ VW¡dm_w_'² ' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.3Ÿ&25Ÿ&39Ÿ)
gXm ÔV h| do Ho$gohþ§ Var Omd|JoŸ&&212Ÿ-Ÿ215Ÿ&& BË`m{X V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY nÄMqdemÜ`m`moŠV OrdÝ_wpŠVHw§$ àmßV hmodo ho. `mgm|hþ
CÎm_ A{YH$mar hmo` Vmo ""nañ` _o Vo@íZwdVo Vw bmoH$o '' (Ÿ^Jm.nwam.3Ÿ&25Ÿ&37Ÿ)
Q>rH$m : A^rHo$ g_`_| Vmo H${bH$mbHo$ Xmofgm| g~Z²H$s epŠV KQ> JB© ho. íbmoH$moŠV d¡Hw$ÊR>_| Abm¡{H$H$ ^moJHw§$ àmßV hmodo ho. AWm©V² godm\$bH$s Q>rH$m_|
doXH$s `WmW© pñW{V Zmht ho. g~ nwéf {déÕmMaU_| VËna h|. d¡{XH$ {H«$`mgm| Omo àH$ma {b»`mo ho dmHo$ AZwgma d¡Hw$ÊR>m{XH$Z²_| godmon`moJr XohHw§$ àmßV hmodo
hrZ h|. AmMmagm| a{hV h|. ""em¡MmMma{dhrZmZm§ g_ñVm {Zî\$bm… {H«$`m…''. hoŸ&&212-215Ÿ&&
Vmgm| H$ao ^ò H$_©hþ g~ {Zî\$b hmoV h|. `{X H$moB© nwéf d¡{XH$ H$_©Hw§$ H$ao ho
Vmo {d{Ya{hV H$ao ho. _Z EH$mJ« Zmht amIo ho. gXm-gd©Xm ^«__| hr Sy>~o aho Amdo AÌ ~mYH$Û`§ Ë`mJmW©_² Amh AÌm{n doX{ZÝXm`m_² B{V.
h|. {Oôdm-CnñWHo$ gwI_| namÙ aho Amdo h|. AÌm{n do X {ZÝXm`m_² AY_© H $aUmV² VWmŸ&&
gmYZàH$aU_² Ÿ gmYZàH$aU_² Ÿ
449 450
ZaHo $ Z ^do V ² nmV… {H$ÝVw hrZo f w Om`Vo Ÿ &&216Ÿ&& (ŸVw `Ú{nŸ=ŸVmo `Ú{nŸ) _wÀòVŸ=Ÿ_wŠV hmodo ho
^JdÝ_mJ} pñWËdm `{X doXmZm_² Aàm_mÊ`§ dXoV² H$WpÄMX{n, VXm ZŸ=ŸZmht, ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Jmo Apñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿ`m
^JdÝZmåZmo ZaH${damo{YËdmV² Z ZaHo$ nmV… {H$ÝVw V¥Vr`_mJ©gmYZËdmX² hrZofw {H$ÝVwŸ=Ÿna, hrZofwŸ=ŸhrZ_| _wad¡[aU…Ÿ=Ÿ_wadoar lrH¥$îUHo$
Om`Vo, eyÐm{Xfw gå^d{V. AVmo Ñí`Vo ZrM`mo{Zfw ^JdX²^ŠVmZm§ OÝ_:. Om`VoŸ=ŸOÝ_ hmo` ho _mJ}Ÿ=Ÿ_mJ©_|
Vñ_mX² EVX²Û`_² AH¥$Ëdm ^JdmZ² goì`…Ÿ&&216Ÿ&&
VÌŸ=Ÿdhm§, g§gmaoŸ=Ÿg§gma_| EVmdÝ_mÌVmŸ=ŸBVZm|
AË`ÝVm{^{Zdoe…Ÿ=ŸAË`§V A{^{Zdoe A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ApñVŸ=Ÿho
ey Ð m{X`mo Z m¡ OmVñ` qH$ \$b_² Ÿ ? B{V AmH$mL² > jm`m_² Amh
nyd©g§ñH$maV:ŸB{V.
^mdmW© : `m _maJhþ_| doX{ZÝXm H$adoV| VWm AY_m©MaU H$adoV| ZaH$_| Vmo
ny d © g § ñ H$maVg² VÌ ÔZ² _w À ò V OÝ_{^…Ÿ&&
`Ú{n nmV Z hmo`Jmo n[a hrZ `mo{Z_| OZ_ Vmo {_boJmo. Vhm§ g§gma_| `{X
AË`ÝVm{^{Zdo e íMo V ² g§ g mao Z ^do V ² VXmŸ&& A{Ve` A{^{Zdoe Z hmo` Vmo nyd©OÝ_Ho$ ^pŠV-g§ñH$maZ²Ho$ H$maU nwZ… AZoH$
EVmdÝ_mÌVmß`pñV _mJ} @ pñ_Z² _w a d¡ [ aU…Ÿ&&217Ÿ&& OÝ_Z²H$mo AÝVam` hmo`dono g§gmaV| _wŠV hmo` gH$V ho. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV
g§ñH$mademX² ^JdX²ÔZo Om`_mZo Vpñ_Z² Xoho doXmXrZm§ ñ_aUm^mdmZ² h| Omo ò _maJ _wamar lrH¥$îUHo$ Adbå~ZH$mo _maJ hmo`doV| BVZmo gm_Ï`© Vmo
{ZÝXm^mdoZ Vwï>… gZ² ^JdmZ² _moMòX² B{V AW©…. VÌm{n EH§$ ~mYH$_² Amh OrdHo$ CÕmaH$mo amIV hr hoŸ&&216Ÿ-Ÿ217Ÿ&&
AË`ÝVm{^{ZdoeíMoX² B{V. g§ñH$mañ` Xw~©bËdo kmZm^mdmV² g§gmao A{^{Zdoemo _yb H$m[aH$m_| Omo "H$WpÄMV²' nX H${hHo$ ^pŠV_mJ©Ûmamhþ H${b`wJHo$ V[ado_|
^d{V. VVmo ÑT>ÔZm^mdmZ² Z _wÀ`Vo B{V AW©…. AZoZ doX{ZÝX`m nwZamd¥{Îm: gÝXoh {XIm`mo VmH$mo H$maU H$hV h| AÌm{n doX{ZÝXm`m_² B{V. ^pŠV_|hþ Xmo
CŠVm. nwZ… ewÕgmYZoZ Om`_mZm§ _wpŠV¨ Z {Zdma`{V. AVmo doX{ZÝXm^mdo ~mYH$ h| : 1.Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©_| pñWV hmo`Ho$ doXHw§$ Aà_mU H$ho VWm 2.ŸAY_©H$mo
^pŠV_mJ©… g_rMrZ…. AmMaU H$ao. (Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©_| a{hHo$ `{X Egmo H$aoŸ) VmoŸ- `Ú{n ZaH$nmV hmoZm|
`mo½` ho, naÝVw ^JdmZ²H$mo Zm_ ZaH$H$mo {damoYr ho Vmgm| ZaH$_|Vmo dmo nwéf Zmht
ZZw CËH$fm©ghZoZ H$W§ doX§ Z {ZÝXoX²Ÿ! AV… gmnmÈd A`§ _mJ©: B{V {Ja gHo$ ho naÝVw-OÝ_-_aUmË_H$ V¥Vr` _mJ©Hw§$ àmßV hmo`Ho$ hrZ ewÐm{X`moZrZ²_|
Ame‘>ç Amh EVmdÝ_mÌVm{n ApñV B{V. A{ZÝXm`m§ _moj…, {ZÝXm`m_{n Z CËnÝZ hmodo ho. `mhrgm| ZrM `mo{Z_| H$~ra, gXZ, a¡Xmg Am{X ^JdX²^ŠVZ²Ho$
ZaH$m{X…. doXm{V[aŠV_Vofw ^JdÝ_mJ} EVmdX{n \$b_² ApñV, ZVw gm’çmXm¡ OÝ_ XrIdo_| Amdo ho. Vmgm| doX{ZÝXm VWm AY_© H$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ ^JdmZ²H$s
B{V Voä`: CËH$f©…Ÿ&&217Ÿ&& godm H$aZmo `mo½` hoŸ&&216Ÿ&&
AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X, ZŸ=ŸZmht hmo` e‘>mŸ: doX{ZÝXm VWm AY_© Ûmam eyÐ`mo{Z_| Jò ^ò ^ŠVH$s \o$a H$hm J{V
doX{ZÝXm`m§Ÿ=ŸdoXH$s {ZÝXm_| VXmŸ=ŸVmo hmo`Ÿ?
VWmŸ=ŸAmoa, AY_©H$aUmV²Ÿ=Ÿ nyd©g§ñH$maV…Ÿ=Ÿn{hboHo$ g§ñH$magm|
AY_©H$mo AmMaU H$[adogm| ÔZ²Ÿ=ŸÔZ H$[adogm| CÎmaŸ: nyd©g§ñH$maV: B{V. eyÐ`mo{Z àmßV ^`mo ^ŠV nyd©OÝ_Ho$ g§ñH$magm| dm
eyÐ`mo{Z_|hþ ^JdmZ²H$mo ÔZ H$ao ho. VWm dm Xoh_| doXH$s `mX Zmht aho ho Vmgm|
ZaHo$Ÿ=ŸZaH$_|, nmV…Ÿ=ŸnmV (ŸAZoH¡$…Ÿ=Ÿ~hmoV)OÝ_{^…Ÿ=ŸOÝ_gm|
doX{ZÝXmhþ Zmht H$ao ho. V~ àgÝZ hmo`H|$ ^JdmZ² dm ^ŠVHw§$ _wŠV H$a| h|. naÝVw
451 452
dm OÝ__|hþ EH$ ~mYH$ ho. nyd©OÝ_H$mo ^pŠVH$mo g§ñH$ma Xw~©b hmo` Om` Vmo dmp½d{Z`moJm^mdo@{n ñdñZohm^mdo@{n _Zmo_mÌpñWVm¡ \$b_² EVX² B{V
g§gma_| A{^{Zdoe hmo`dogm| ÑT> ÔZ Zmht ~{Z gHo$, Vmo _wŠVhþ Zmht hmo`. AW©…Ÿ&&218Ÿ&&
BVZo H$WZgm| doX{ZÝXmgm| nwZamd¥{ÎmŸ=ŸOÝ__aU hmodo ho `h OVm`mo. naÝVw ewÕ VVmo@{n {deof_² Amh EVmÑeñVw B{V.
ÔZgm| hmo`dodmar _wpŠVHw§$ nyd©OÝ_H$s H$ar ^B© doX{ZÝXm Zmht amoH$ gHo$ ho. EVmÑeñVw nw é f… H$mo { Q>îd{n gw X w b © ^ …Ÿ&&
Vmgm| doX{ZÝXm Zmht H$aHo$ ^JdX²ÔZ {H$`mo Om` Vmo ^pŠV_mJ© A{V loð>Ÿho.
`mo XmamJmanw Ì mßVmZ² àmUmZ² {dÎm{__§ na_² Ÿ &&
{hËdm H¥ $ îUo na§ ^md§ JV… ào _ ßbw V … gXmŸ&&219Ÿ&&
Vhm§ ^JdÝ_mJ©H$s Anojm doXHo$ CËH$f©Hw§$ Zmht ghVmo ^ŠV doX{ZÝXm Š`m|
nydm}ŠVmo bmoHo$ gå^dË`{n EVmÑeñVw Xwb©^mo `mo AJ«o dú`Vo. ^mJdVo
Zmht H$aoJmoŸ? VWm {ZÝXm H$aoJmo Vmo dmH$mo hrZ`mo{Z_| OÝ_hþ hmo`Jmo. V~ Vmo
ZmamÙna… àemÝVmË_¡d bmoHo$ Xwb©^: CŠV…. kmZ{_lmo ^ŠV… ào_`wŠVñVw
^pŠV_mJ© Zmedmamo hr ^`moŸ! Egr e‘>m Zmht H$aZr. Š`m|Ho$ doX{ZÝXm Zmht H$ao
VVmo@{n Xwb©^…. VÌm{n gXm ào_ßbwV:. Vñ` ^JdËgm`wÁ`§ ^d{V B{V qH$
Vmo _moj hmo`. `{X doXm{ZÝXm H$ao Vmohþ ZaH$m{XH$ Zmht hm|` ò gm_W© hþ
dŠVì`_²Ÿ! B{V AW©…Ÿ&&219Ÿ&&
^pŠV_mJ©_| ho hr. doXm{V[aŠV gm’çm{X_mJ©_| `{X doX{ZÝXm hmo` Vmo Adí`
ZaH$nmV hmo`. BVZo H$WZ H$[aHo$ àmaå^Xem_| gmnm` hþ ^pŠV_mJ© AÝ`
_mJ©Z²H$s Anojm CÎm_ ho ò ~mV OVmB©Ÿ&&217Ÿ&& gd©Ë`mJoŸ=Ÿgd©Ë`mJ hmo`dono gwXwb©^…Ÿ=ŸgwVam§ H$ï>gm|Ÿ{_bo ho
AZÝ`^mdoŸ=ŸAZÝ`^md hmo`dono `:Ÿ=ŸOmo, XmamJmanwÌmßVmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ
Ohm§ Vm§B© {ZíMb ^pŠV {gÕ Z hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© ^pŠV_mJ©H$s àmaå^Xem H¥$îU_mÌ¡H$_mZgoŸ=ŸEH$_mÌ lrH¥$îU_| npËZ-Ka-nwÌ-n[admaHw§$
g_wPr Omdo ho. `m àH$ma ""`ÚZremo Yma{`Vw_²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&11Ÿ&22Ÿ) _Z bJ Om`dono àmUmZ²Ÿ=ŸàmUHw§$
""Aä`mgo@ß`g_Wm}@{g _ËH$_©na_mo ^d'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ12Ÿ&10Ÿ) BË`m{X H¥$îUXodoZŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUXodHo$ g§J {dÎm_²Ÿ=Ÿ{dÎmHw§$
JrVmdmŠ`moŠV hrZm{YH$marZ²H$shþ \$bÛmam CËH$f©Vm dU©Z H$[aHo$ ""ò Vw gdm©{U gm`wÁ`§Ÿ=Ÿgm`wÁ`Hw§$ B_§Ÿ=Ÿ`m bmoH$Hw§$
H$_m©{U _{` g³³`ñ` _Ënam…'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ12Ÿ&6Ÿ) B{V JrVmdmŠ`moŠV ^pŠV_mJu`
erK«_odŸ=ŸOpëXhr na§Ÿ=ŸnabmoH$Hw§$
_Ü`_m{YH$mar Oo ^ŠV h|Ÿ- d¡{XH$_mJ©Ho$ \$bHo$ g_mZ {OZHw§$ \$b {_bo ho,
{OZHw§$ ZmeH$mo ^` Zmht ho, {OZHo$ AW© erK« CÕma H$[adoH$s ^JdmZ²Z| à{Vkm Y«wd§Ÿ=ŸA{dZmer {hËdmŸ=ŸN>m§{S>Ho$
H$sZr ho -CZ _Ü`_m{YH$marZ²Ho$ \$bH$mo dU©Z H$a| h| gd©Ë`mJo B{V. \$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$bHw§$ àmßV H¥$îUoŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU_|
(Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ) na§ ^md§Ÿ=ŸCÀM ào_Hw§$
^pŠV_mJ} _w»`mZm§ \$b_² Amh gd©Ë`mJo B{V. H$mo{Q>fwŸ=ŸH$amo‹S>Z²_|, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ JV…Ÿ=ŸàmßV ^`mo hmo` Amoa
gd© Ë `mJo @ ZÝ`^mdo H¥ $ îU_mÌ¡ H $_mZgo Ÿ && EVmÑeñVwŸ=ŸEgmo Vmo gXmŸ=Ÿ{ZaÝVa,Ÿào_ßbwV…Ÿ=Ÿào_nyU©
gm`w Á `§ H¥ $ îUXo d o Z erK« _ o d Y« w d § \$b_² Ÿ &&218Ÿ&& nwéf…Ÿ=Ÿnwéf (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo`Ÿ)
AÝV~©{h… gd©Ë`mJ…. ñdm{_ËdoZ H¥$îUEd gd©Xm _Zmo{ZdoeZ_². Aä`mgoZ
VX² ^d{V. AÝòfm§ XodmZm§ V{Û^y{VËdoZ, VËgodH$ËdoZ dm gÝ_mZZ§, `{X ñ\w$a{V. ^mdmW© : g~ Hw$N> N>m§{S>Ho$ AZÝ`^mdV| Ho$db lrH¥$îU_| hr Omo AmnwZmo _Z
Ed§ Xo h nmVn`© Ý V§ H¥ $ îU¡ H $_mZgñ` gm`w Á `§ erK« _ o d ^d{V. H$m`- bJmdV| h| {VZH$m| H¥$îUXodHo$ gmW erK« hr VWm {ZpíMVV`m gm`wÁ`ê$n \$b
453 454
àmßV hmoV ho. H$amoS>Z² nwéfZ²_| Egmo nwéf Vmo gwXwb©^ hmoV ho Ho$ Omo nËZr-Ka- aømo Amdo dmo g~gm| CÎm_m{YH$mar ho. `m àg“no Ñï>mÝVH$mo dU©Z H$a| h|Ÿ:
nwÌ-n[adma-{_Ì-àmUZ²H$m|, YZH$m|, Eo{hH$-nmabm¡{H$H$H$m| N>m§{S>Ho$ H¥$îU_|
na_^mdde gd©Xm ào_ßbwV ahV hmo`Ÿ&&218-219Ÿ&& ""lr{dÇ>bZmWOr Jwgm§B©OrH$s EH$ godH$Zr d¥Õm ór hVr.
lr~mbH¥$îUOrH$s godm H$aVr hVr. AÝ` d¡îUdZ²Zo dm S>moH$arH$s
Q>rH$m : ~m{hagm| Xoh-dmUrH$[aH|$ gd©Ë`mJ hmo`, ^rVagm| _ZH$[aH|$ gd©Ë`mJ lrJwgm§B©OrHo$ AmJo {ZÝXm H$ar Ho$ ò R>mHw$aOrHw§$ ~mOarHo$ XmZm ^moJ Yao
hmo`, gd©Xm AnZo ñdm_r _m{ZHo$ lrH¥$îUMÝÐ_| hr _ZH$mo {Zdoe hmo` VWm `{X ho. Amoa H$Nw> godm Zmht H$ao ho. ò gw{ZHo$ lrJwgm§B©Or AMmZH$ dmHo$ Ka
öX`_| ñ\w$aU hmo` Vmo AÝ` XodVmZ²Hw§$ lrH¥$îUH$s {d^y{V _m{ZHo$, CZHo$ A§e nYmao. dm g_` dmo S>moH$ar à^wHo$ AmJ|, X[aÐVmHo$ H$maU XrZVmgm|,
AWdm ^JdËgodH$ _m{ZHo$ gÝ_mZ H$aZmo -Ÿ`m àH$ma XohnmV n`©ÝV H¥$îU¡H$_mZg ~mOarHo$ H$U ^moJ Y[aHo$ _pÝXaHo$ ~m{ha Am` ~oR>r hVr. Amn ^rVa
aho. AWm©V² _¥Ë`w hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© H¥$îUHo$ {dfo hr {MÎm bJm`mo amIo Vmo nYm[aH|$ à^wZ²Ho$ Xe©Z H$aVo ^ò. AmnZ| à^wZ²gm| àmW©Zm H$ar ""Amn _oao
lrH¥$îUMÝÐHo$ g§J erK« hr gm`wÁ`\$bHw§$ àmßV hmo`. Xoh VWm dmUr H$mo g§J nYmamo. `hm§ S>moH$ar AmnHw§$ ~S>mo n[al_ XoV ho''. ò gw{ZHo$
lrH¥$îU_| {d{Z`moJ Zmht hmo`, ào_hþ Zmht hmo`, Ho$db Aä`mggm| ^JdmZ²_| R>mHw$aOrZ| Amkm H$arŸ: ""ò S>moH$ar XrZVmH$[aH|$ ào__| {Z_½Z hmo`H|$
_ZH$s gd©Xm pñW{V H$ar Om` VWm{n ò \$b hmo`. `hm§ ""AZÝòZ¡d `moJoZ _m§ ~mOarHo$ H$U ^moJ Yao ho. ò EH$-EH$ H$U _moHw§$ {ÌbmoH$Ho$ ì`ÄOZgm|hþ
Ü`m`ÝV CnmgVo'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ12Ÿ&6Ÿ) `m íbmoH$H$mo ñnï>mW© {H$`mo hoŸ&&218Ÿ&& A{V {à` bJo h|. _| `m S>moH$arHw§$ gd©Wm Zmht N>moSy>§Jmo''. ò gw{ZH|$
lrJwgm§B©Or ~hþV àgÝZ ^ò VWm dm S>moH$arHo$ ^m½`H$s ~S>r àe§gm
A~ CÎm_m{YH$marH$mo dU©Z H$a| h|Ÿ: Egmo nwéf H«$moS> nwéfZ²_|hþ Xwb©^ ho Omo H$ar''.
ór, Ka, nwÌ, àmU, {dÎm, ò bmoH$ VWm nabmoH$ Hw§$ N>m§{S>Ho$ H¥$îUMÝÐ_| na_
^mdHw§$ àmßV hmo`. Ego ^ŠVH$s lr^mJdV_| àe§gm H$sZr ho : ""_wŠVmZm_{n Vmgm| gXm ào_{Z_½Z hr CÎm_m{YH$mar ho. dogo ^ŠVHw§$ ^JdmZ² Abm¡{H$H$
{gÕmZm§ ZmamÙnamÙ…, gw X w b © ^ … àemÝVmË_m H$mo { Q> î d{n _hm_w Z o : '' gm_Ï`©ê$n na_ \$bHw§$ Xo h|. dmHo$ Ûmam ^ŠV ho gmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ ÔZmZÝXH$mo
(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.6Ÿ&14Ÿ&5Ÿ) AW©Ÿ:ŸgmYZ H$[adodmao H«$moS> nwéfZ²_| EH$ _wŠV hmo` ho. AWm©V² godmHo$ AmZÝXH$mo AZw^d H$ao ho. `m _w»` ^pŠVHo$ bjU lr^mJdVHo$
dogo H«$moS>Z² _wŠV nwéfZ²_| hþ ZmamÙ_| namÙ nwéf hmoZmo Xwb©^ ho. kmZ{_l ^ŠV V¥Vr` ñH$ÝY_| ""Ah¡VŠw `ì`d{hVm `m ^pŠV… nwéfmoÎm_o'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.3Ÿ&29Ÿ&12Ÿ)
`{X ào_`wŠV hmo` dmo dmgw§hþ Xwb©^ ho. `m ^pŠVH$mo ""XodmZm§ JwU{b“mZm_²'' `m íbmoH$_| {bIo h|. dmo hr ""Xr`_mZ§ Z J¥†m{V {dZm _ËgodZ§ OZ…''
(ŸdhtŸ3Ÿ&25Ÿ&32Ÿ) `m V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYHo$ íbmoH$_| dU©Z ho. AW©Ÿ:Ÿg‘>ën-{dH$ën (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.3Ÿ&29Ÿ&13Ÿ) `m íbmoH$_| ^JdËgodmHo$ AmZÝX_| {Z_½Z dmo ^ŠV
a{hV Xodê$n OmH$mo _Z hmo`ŸOm`, Omo nwéfHo$ BpÝÐ`Z²H$s JwUmVrV ^JdmZ²_| godm {dZm XrZr ^B© Mma àH$maH$s _wpŠVHw§$hþ Zmht J«hU H$a| h| ò ~mV {bIr
ñd^md H$[aH|$ {Zð>m hmo` dmHw§$ ^pŠVŸH$ho h|. ""Z¡H$mË_Vm§ _o ñn¥h`pÝV Ho${MV²'' ho. Ego ^ŠVHo$ AmYrZ ^JdmZ² hmo` Omdo h|. ""Ah§ ^ŠVnamYrZ…''
(ŸdhtŸ3Ÿ&25Ÿ&34Ÿ) Ego ^ŠV _wpŠVHw§$ Zmht Mmho h|. Ego ^ŠV {H$VZoH$ hr h|. (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.9Ÿ&4Ÿ&63Ÿ) Ego ^ŠVHw§$ hr Abm¡{H$H$ gm_Ï`©ê$n \$b {_bo ho. ò
`mgm| Xwb©^VmŸ{XImB©. \$b "godm\$b' J«ÝW_| ñnï> {b»`mo ho. `m àH$ma \$bH$mo dU©Z H$[aHo$ gd© hr
Om ^pŠVgm| ^JdmZ² ^ŠVHo$ de hmo` Omd| h| dm ^pŠVH$s AdñWmH$mo _mJ©H$mo dU©Z H$aoŸh|Ÿ&&219Ÿ&&
Zm_ "ào_' H$ømo Omdo ho. dm ^pŠVH$mohþ gm`wÁ` hr \$b ho. `mH$mo ""A{ZÀN>Vmo
_o J{V_Êdt à`w‘>Vo'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.3Ÿ&25Ÿ&36Ÿ) `m íbmoH$_| dU©Z ho. `mgm|hþ Ed§ ^pŠV_mJ} \$b_² CnnmÚ gd©_od _mJ©_² CnnmX`{V {d{eï>ê$n_²...
CÎm_m{YH$marH$mo dU©Z H$ao h| : VÌm{n gXm à_oßbwV…. Omo gd©Xm ào__| {Z_½Z BË`m{XZm EVÝ_mJ©Û`§ àmoŠV_²... BË`ÝVoZ.
455 456
{d{eï>ê$n§ do X mW© … \$b§ ào _ M gmYZ_² Ÿ && JrVmŸ=Ÿ^JdX²JrVm(Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿho) g_m{YZmŸ=Ÿg_m{Ygm|
AÌ à_o`§ {d{eï>ê$n_². `ñ` EH¡$H$mo A§e: H$mÊS>ÛòZ à{VnmÚVo g Vñ`m…Ÿ=Ÿdm(ŸJrVm`m…Ÿ=ŸJrVmH$mo) AmhŸ=ŸH$hr
kmZ{H«$`mo^``wV…. gEd M \$b_².
VËgmYZ§ Zd{dYm ^pŠVg² VËà{Vnm{XH$mŸ&&220Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : doXHo$ nyd©H$mÊS>_| à{VnmÚ {H«$`mê$n VWm CÎmaH$mÊS>_| à{VnmÚ
JrVm gL² > jo n Vg² Vñ`m dŠVm ñd`_^y X ² h[a…Ÿ&& kmZê$n Eg| C^`{dY eŠVrZ²gm| {d{eï> Omo doXmW© (Ÿ=H¥$îUŸ) gmo ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo
V{ÛñVmamo ^mJdV§ gd© { ZU© ` ny d © H $_² Ÿ && \$b ho. `m \$bH$s àmpßVH$mo gmYZ ào_ ho. gmo ào_ àH$Q> hmoV ho ZdYm
ì`mg… g_m{YZm gd©_² Amh H¥$îUmoŠV_m{XV…Ÿ&&221Ÿ&& ^pŠVÛmam. gmo `m ào_ê$nm ^pŠVH$mo à{VnmXZ JrVmZo {H$`mo ho. `m JrVmH$mo
g§jon_| dŠVmhþ AÝ` H$moD$ Zmht naÝVw ñd`§ lrh[a ho. JrVmHo$ A{^àm`Hw§$
VÌm{n gmYZ§ M ào_¡d. VËgmYZ§ Zd{dYm ^pŠV…. ldUm{Xì`{VaoHo$U
g_w{Pdo_o Omo H$Nw> gÝXoh hmoV ho {VZ g~Z²H$mo {ZU©` {dñVmagy§ ^mJdV XoV ho.
g§ñH$mademV² \$bH$m_Z`m dm Om`_mZm àr{V: Jm¡Ur ñ`mV². ldUmXrZm§ gmYZËdo
^mJdV_| ì`mgOrZo, g¥{ï>Ho$ Am{X_| lrh[aZo ~«÷mOrHw§$ Omo CnXoe {X`mo hVmo
à_mU§ JrVm. ""^ŠË`m ËdZÝ``m eŠ`'' (Ÿ^J.JrVm.11Ÿ&54Ÿ) B{V gmYZ-
VmH$mohr g_m{Y_| gmjmËH$ma H$[aHo$ {Zê$nU {H$`mo hoŸ&&220-221Ÿ&&
gmÜ`ê$nm_² EH$sH¥$Ë` Amh. JrVm`mA{n àm_mÊ`§ \$bdmŠ`mV². H¥$îUñ` \$bê$nËd§,
na_mZÝXê$nËdmV², nwéfmoÎm_ËdmV² M.
Q>rH$m : `m ^pŠV_mJ©_| à_o` AWm©V² Om{Zdo `mo½` nXmW© ^JdmZ² hr h|. AWm©V²
{dZH$mo {H«$`mê$n A§e doXHo$ nyd©H$mÊS>Ûmam d{U©V ^`mo ho Amoa {OZH$mo kmZê$n
JrVmWª gpÝX½Y§ _Ëdm {dñVaoU H$WZmWª ^mJdV§ VoZ¡d ê$nmÝVaoU
A§e doXHo$ CÎmaH$mÊS>Ûmam d{U©V ^`mo ho. ^pŠV_mJ©_| Vmo XmoD$ A§e g{hV
H¥$V_²Ÿ&&220-221Ÿ&&
AWm©V² nyU©kmZ-{H«$`mdmao ^JdmZ² hr à_o` h|, Om{Zdo `mo½` h| VWm ^JdmZ² hr
{d{eï>ê$n§Ÿ=Ÿ{d{eï>ê$n g§jonV…Ÿ=Ÿg§jongy§ \$b h|. ^JdmZ²H$s àmpßV_| ào_ hr gmYZ ho. ào_H$mo gmYZ ZdYm^pŠV ho.
doXmW©…Ÿ=ŸdoXH$mo AW© dŠVmŸ=ŸH${hdodmao ldUm{XH$ ZdYm^pŠV {H$ò {dZm, g§ñH$madegm|, \$bH$m_Zmgm| CËnÝZ ^B©
\$b§Ÿ=Ÿ\$b (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ) ñd`§Ÿ=ŸIwX, h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU àr{V "Jm¡Uào_' H$hmdo ho. ldUm{X ^pŠV ^JdËàmpßVHo$ gmYZ h|. `m_|
ào_Ÿ=Ÿào_, MŸ=Ÿhr A^yV²=^ò ""^ŠË`m ËdZÝ``m eŠ`…'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ11Ÿ&54Ÿ) BË`m{X JrVmHo$ dmŠ`
(ŸVË\$bàmßVm¡Ÿ=ŸdmŸ\$bH$sŸàmpßV_|Ÿ) gd©{ZU©`nyd©H§$=g~n²Ho$ {ZU©` nyd©H$ à_mU h|. `m dmŠ`_| gmÜ`ê$n ào_^pŠV VWm gmYZê$n ldUm{X ^pŠV BZ XmoC
^pŠVZ²Hw§$ EH$ g_w{PHo$ ""_| EH$(Ÿ=Ho$dbŸ) ^pŠVH$[aH|$ hr OmÝ`mo OmD§$ hþ§ VWm
gmYZ_²Ÿ=ŸgmYZ ho. VX²=dm(=JrVm)H$mo
Xe©Z XoC hþ§'' `m àH$ma Amkm H$sZr ho. {OZ lrH¥$îUH$s àmpßV ^ŠV Mmho ho
VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo (Ÿào_H$moŸ) {dñVma:={dñVma {dZ \$bê$n H¥$îUHo$ dMZ lrJrVmOr h|. Vmgm| na_à_mU lrJrVmOr _mZo Omd|
gmYZ§Ÿ=ŸgmYZ ^mJdV§=^mJdV²(^d{V=ho) h|. na_mZÝXê$n VWm nwéfmoÎm_ lrH¥$îU h| Vmgm| H¥$îUhr \$bê$n h|. g§jongm|
Zd{dYmŸ=ŸZd àH$maH$s A{XV:=àma_^gy§ H$ho ^ò JrVmOrHo$ AW©Hw§$ gÝXoh g{hV _m{ZH|$ {dñVmanyd©H$ dU©Z H$[adoHo$ AW©
^pŠV…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV(Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` ho) H¥$îUmoº§$=lrH¥$îUH$s H$hr CZhr lrH¥$îUMÝÐZo "H¥$îUÛ¡nm`Z' Zm_gm| doXì`mgOrH$mo ê$n YmaU H$[aHo$
VV²Ÿ=Ÿdm(Ÿ^pŠVŸ)H$mo gdªŸ=Ÿg~ lr^mJdV _hmnwamU Amkm {H$`moŸ&&221Ÿ&&
à{Vnm{XH$mŸ=Ÿ{Zê$nU H$[adodmar ì`mg…Ÿ=ŸlrdoXì`mgZo
_mJm} @ `§ gd© _ mJm© U m_² CÎm_… n[aH$s{V© V …Ÿ&&
457 458
`pñ_Z² nmV^`§ ZmpñV _mo M H$… gd© W m `V…Ÿ&&222Ÿ&& Om{Zdo `mo½` dñVw ^JdmZ² h| Amoa \$bhþ ^JdmZ² h|. Vmgm| à_o`H$mo kmZ hmoZmo
à_mUmXrZm§ MVwUm©_{n EH$ê$nËdmV² gd©_mJm©noj`m A`_² CÎm_mo _mJ©…. hr \$bH$mo AZw^d H$aZmo ho. gmYZ Omo ^pŠV ho dmo \$bgm|hþ A{YH$ ho. `mhrgm|
VWm{h, à_mU§ ^JdÛmŠ`_². dmŠòZ àd¥Îm… gmYZ_² AgmY`ÝZ{n ^JdVm ^ŠV \$bê$n ^JdmZ²_| brZ hmoZm| Zmht Mmho ho {H$ÝVw gd©Xm ^pŠV hr H$aVo
H¥$VmWu{H«$`Vo. à_o`n[akmZ§ M \$bmZw^dê$n_². gmYZ§ M \$bmX{n A{YH$_². ahZmo Mmho ho. \$b ho gmohþ `m _mJ©_| kmZ-H$_©{XH$Z²gm| gmÜ` nXmW©Z²gm| A{YH$
\$b§ M kmZH$_m©{XgmÜòä`mo@{n A{YH$_² B{V. AVEd Apñ_Z² _mJ} nmV^`§ ho. Vmgm| `m _mJ©_| XwJ©{VH$mo ^` Zmht ho. Š`m|Ho$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ JrVm-^mJdVm{XH$Z²Ho$
ZmpñV, à_mUàd¥{Îm_² Amaä` ^JdVmo ajH$ËdmV². à_mUdmŠ`Z²H$m| gw{ZHo$ Om {XZgm| Ord ^pŠV_mJ©_| àd¥Îm hmo` ho dm {XZgm| dm
VÌ hoV…w _moMH$… gd©Wm `V: B{V. g {h gdm©Zdo òZ-Ho$Z{MXwŠVàH$maoUm{n ^ŠVH$s lr^JdmZ² ajm H$a| h|. Š`m|Ho$ F${f Am{XH$Z²Ho$ H$ho ^ò àH$magm|hþ
àdV©_mZmZ² _moM`{V, _moMH$ñd^mdËdmV² VÌ ñddmŠ`mZwJVmZ² H$W§ Z àd¥Îm ^ò _Zwî`Z²Hw§$ ^JdmZ² _wŠV H$a Xo h|, _wŠV H$[adoH$mo AmnH$mo ñd^md hr
_moMòVŸ² ?Ÿ&&222Ÿ&& ho, Vhm§ lr_wIHo$ dmŠ` JrVm Am{XHo$ AZwgma ~Vm©d H$[adodmao ^ŠVZ²H$mo CÕma
Š`m| Zmht H$a|JoŸ?Ÿ&&222Ÿ&&
`pñ_Z²Ÿ=ŸOm_| CÎm_…Ÿ=ŸCÎm_
dUm© l _dVm§ Y_} _w » ò Zï>o N>bo Z Vw Ÿ &&
nmV^`§Ÿ=ŸnVZH$mo ^` n[aH$s{V©V…Ÿ=ŸH$ømoŸJ`moŸho
{H«$`_mUo Z Y_©… ñ`mX² AVg² Vñ_mZ² Z _moMZ_²Ÿ&&223Ÿ&&
ZŸ=ŸZmht, ApñVŸ=Ÿho `V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$
{H$ÄM, `Xm doXmXrZm§ H$mbdemX² AgmYH$Ëd§ kmV§ VXm A`§ _mJm}
(ŸEVmÑemoŸ=ŸEgmoŸ) A`§Ÿ=Ÿò gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ Vahgm|
^JdVm H${WV…. VoZ BXmZt Z AÝ`mo _mJ©… \$bm`Ÿ&&223Ÿ&&
_mJ©…Ÿ=Ÿ_mJ© _moMH$…Ÿ=Ÿ_wŠV H$[adodmamo
gd©_mJm©Um_²Ÿ=Ÿg~ _mJ©Z²_| (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` hoŸ)
dUm©l_dVm§Ÿ=ŸdUm©l_dmaoZ²H$mo Y_©Ÿ=ŸY_© (ŸEdŸ=ŸhrŸ)
_w»òŸ=Ÿ_w»` (ŸY_©Ÿ=ŸY_©Ÿ) ZŸ=ŸZmht, ñ`mX²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
^mdmW© : Om_| gÝ_mJ©V| {dM{bV AWdm ^«ï> hmo`doH$mo aÄMH$hþ ^` Zmht ho
Zï>oŸ=ŸZï> (Ÿg{VŸ=Ÿhmo`donoŸ) AV…Ÿ=Ÿ`mgy§
Egmo `h _maJ g~ _mJ©Z²V| CÎm_ H$ømo OmV ho. gmo H$mhoVo, Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo
`h _maJ g§gmaV| OrdH$m| gd©Wm Nw>S>m`dodmamo _maJ hoŸ&&222Ÿ&& N>boZŸ=ŸN>bgy§ Vñ_mV²Ÿ=Ÿdmgy§
{H«$`_mUoŸ=ŸH$[adono, VwŸ=ŸVmo _moMZ§Ÿ=Ÿ_wpŠV, ZŸ=ŸZmht
Q>rH$m : à_mU, à_o`, gmYZ VWm \$b ò Mmam| `m _mJ©_| EH$ê$n h|. Vmgm| ò (ŸVXZwð>mZoŸ=ŸdmHo$ AZwð>mZgy§Ÿ) (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhm` hoŸ)
_mJ© gd©_mJ©H$s Anojm CÎm_ ho. VWm{h, `m ^pŠV_mJ©_| ^JdmZ²Ho$ dmŠ` hr
à_mU ho. à^wHo$ dmŠ`_| {dœmg am{IH|$ àd¥Îm ^`mo Omo ^ŠV ho dmgm| H$Xm{MV² ^mdmW© : dUm©l_dmaoZ²Ho$ H$mO doXm{X emóZ²_| Oogmo _w»` Y_© {Zê${nV {H$`mo
H$moB© ~mYH$ Am`doHo$ H$maU gmYZ R>rH$-R>rH$ Zmht ~{Z gHo$ VWm{n ^JdmZ² ho Vogmo VmH$mo AZwð>mZ Vmo A~ eŠ` ho Zmht. VmV| N>bgm| `WmH$WpÄMV² dm
à_o`~bgm| ^ŠVHw§$ H¥$VmW© H$ao h|. Š`m|Ho$ Amn na_ X`mbw h|. ñd`§ OmZo h| Ho$ Y_©H$mo AZwð>mZ H$aogy§hþ Y_© {gÕ hmoV Zmht. Vmgmo VÎmX² dUuZ²Ho$ VWm Aml_rZ²Ho$
_oao dmŠ`n| {dœmg am{IHo$ ^pŠV_mJ©_| àd¥Îm ^ò ^ŠVH$s `{X XwJ©{V hmo` H$mO Oogmo Y_© doXm{X emóZ²_| {Zê${nV {H$`mo ho VmHo$ AZwð>mZV| g§gmaVo ~{Mdmo
Om`Jr Vmo ""Z _o ^ŠV… àUí`{V'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ9Ÿ&31Ÿ) AW©Ÿ:Ÿ_oao ^ŠVH$mo A~ eŠ` Zmht hoŸ&&223Ÿ&&
Zme Zmht hmo` ho Egr _oar à{Vkm d¥Wm hmo`Jr. VWm `m _mJ©_| à_o` AWm©V²
459 460
H$[admo C{MV hoŸ&&224Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : `{X ^JdmZ²H$mo _wŠV H$[adoH$mo hr ñd^md ho Vmo doXmoŠV `km{XÛmam hr
Š`m| Zmht _wŠV H$ao h|Ÿ? Egr e‘>m Zmht H$aZr. H${bH$mbHo$ Xmofgm| doXm{XH$ Q>rH$m : `m àH$ma ^pŠV_mJ©H$s CÎm_VmH$mo dU©Z H$[aHo$ lrdëb^mMm`©Or
_wpŠVHo$ gmYH$ Zmht hmo` gHo$ h|. `WmdV² `kmondrVm{XH$ g§ñH$ma ^ò {dZm _hmà^wOr gmpËdH$ OrdHw§$ CnXoe XoVo h| ~w{Õ_mZmXa_² B{V.
~«m÷Ê`m{X XodVmZ²H$mo àdoe Xoh_| Zmht hmodo ho. VWm Aml_Z²_| Oogo AmMma H$ho
h| do AmMmahþ Zmht ~{Z gHo$ h|. Vmgm| H${b`wJ_| {H$`mo ^`mo Y_© Zm__mÌH$mo
H${b`wJ_| Vmo H$_m©{XH$ gd©Wm hr Zmht ~Z gH|$ naÝVw gË``wJm{XH$Z²_|hþ
Y_© ho. Ego Y_©gm| Anyd© Zmht hmo`. Anyd© {dZm _wŠË`m{XH$ \$bhþ Zmht hmo`.
""JhZm H$_©Umo J{V…'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ4Ÿ&17Ÿ) BË`m{X JrVmdmŠ`mZwgma (ŸH$_©H$s
O~ ^JdmZ²Z| `m àH$ma OmÝ`mo V~ ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo H$WZ {H$`mo. Vmgm| A^r
J{V JhZ ~VmB© ho Vmgm|Ÿ) Xw…IH$[aH|$ {gÕ hmo` gHo$ Ego H$_m©{XH$ _mJ©Z²_|
H${bH$mb_| AÝ` _mJ© \$bXm`H$ Zmht h|Ÿ&&223Ÿ&&
AmXaH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZmo.
Ed§ _mJ©ñ` CÎm_Ëd§ à{VnmÚ gmpËdH$mZ² Cn{Xe{V ~w{Õ_mZ²ŸB{V.

AWm©V² ~hþV _mJ©Z²_| na_ AmXa Zmht ~Z gHo$ ho Vmgm| EH$ _mJ©Ho$ {dfo
~w { Õ_mZmXa§ Vpñ_Z² N>bo gmÜò @ {n Xw … IV:Ÿ&& hr AmXa H$aZm|. doX_mJ©H$s Anojm ^pŠV_mJ© CÎm_ ho. VWm A^r AÝ` _mJ©
Ë`ŠËdm _mJ} Y« w d \$bo ^pŠV_mJ} g_m{deo V ² Ÿ &&224Ÿ&& {dÚ_mZhþ Zmht h|. Vmgm| AmXanyd©H$ ~w{Õ_mZ² nwéf ^pŠV_mJ©_| hr àdoe H$ao.
na_mXamo ~hþfw Z gå^d{V. AVEd EH$pñ_Z² H$V©ì`…. VÌ doX_mJm©nj
o `m@{n
^pŠV_mJ©ñ` CÎm_Ëdà{VnmXZmV², gmåàV_² AÝ`ñ` A^mdmV², AmXaoU ^pŠV_mJ} ""A{n Mo V ² gw X w a mMmamo ÔVo _m_² AZÝ`^mH² $ ,
à{deoV². _mJ} àdoe_mÌoU¡d H¥$VmW©ËdmV²Ÿ&&224Ÿ&&
gmYw a o d g _ÝVì`… gå`J² ì `d{gVmo {h g…''
Xw…IV…Ÿ=ŸXw…Igm|, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ g_m{deoV²Ÿ=ŸAm{N>^m§{Vgm|Ÿàdoe H$ao

-(Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ9Ÿ&30Ÿ) BË`m{X JrVmdmŠ`_| ñnï> ò ~mV {bIr ho Ho$ XwamMmarhþ
N>boŸ=ŸN>bgm|, gmÜòŸ=ŸgmÜ` Y«wd\$bo=A{dZmer\$b Xo`dodmao nwéf AZÝ` hmo`H|$ ^JdËgodm H$aVmo hmo` Vmo dmHw§$ gËnwéf g_PZmo. Vmgm|
Vpñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿdm, _mJ}Ÿ=Ÿ_mXo`dodmao ^pŠV_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©_| ^pŠV_mJ©_| àdoe hmoV hr Ord H¥$VmW© hmo` Omdo hoŸ&&224Ÿ&&
AmXa§=AmXaHw§$,Ë`³Ëdm=N>mo{S>Ho$ g_m{deoV²=Am{N>^m§{Vgm| àdoe H$ao ZZw Ed§ nmfÊS>mZm_{n dMZm{Z ^dpÝV B{V Am‘>ç Amh {déÕH$aU§
ZmpñV B{V.
^mdmW© : ~«m÷U-j{Ì`-d¡í`-eyÐ Ho$ dU©ôXdmao Aé ~«÷Mmar-
J¥hñW-dmZàñW-g§Ý`mgr Aml_ôXdmao A{YH$marZ²Ho$ H$mO doXm{X emóZ²_| {déÕH$aU§ ZmpñV à{H« $ `m Z {déÕçVo Ÿ &&
Omo H$V©ì` Cn{Xï> ^ò h| {VZH$mo AZwð>mZ `m H${bH$mb_| Xw…eH$ hmo`dogy§ H$pënV¡ a o d ~mY… ñ`mX² Admo M m_ à_mUVm_² Ÿ &&225Ÿ&&
`WmH$WpÄMV² _ZHw§$ _Zm`doHw§$ hmo` AWdm nmfÊS>Ho$ {~Zm gå^d Zmht hmo`.
VmV| Eog| {d{Y{dhrZ AZwð>mZ H$[adogm| _moH$m| _wpŠV àmßV hmo`Jr Eogmo {_Ï`m
Z AÌ lw{V-ñ_¥{V{déÕmMmamo, Zm{n à_o`§ doX{déÕ_². AVmo Z AÌ
AmXa N>m§{S>Ho$ ~w{Õ_mZ A{YH$m[aHw$ Y«wd\$bdmao ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo Aml` J«hU
{déÕgå^mdZm{n. ZZw naml`m _wpŠV… _m`mdmXm{X{^: {ZamH¥$Vo{V H$W§ Z
461 462
à_o`{damoY:Ÿ? VÌ Amh H$pënV¡a¡d ~mY…ñ`mX² B{V. Vo {h ñd_mÌ§ \$bËdoZ _wpŠV hmoZm| _mZo h|. V~ CZHo$ _VmZwgma ñdmYrZ _wpŠV ^B©. Amoa ^pŠV_mJ©_|
H$ën`pÝV VÎmw Aàm_m{UH$_², "AmË_'eãXñ` ^JdÛmMH$ËdmV². ZVw OrdnaËd§ Vmo na_mË_mHw§$ à_o` _mÝ`mo ho Amoa _wpŠVhþ CZhrHo$ AmYrZ _mZr ho. V~ doXH$mo
doXmÝVmZm_², Zm{n Ordñ` \$bê$nËd_². AV… na_mZÝX: A{YH$mo ^dVr{V Z VWm ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo EH$ à_o` Ho$go ^`moŸ?
H$Xm{n _wpŠV… ñdmYrZm. AV: VÌ ñZohEd VËàmpßVhoVw…. AVmo `wŠË`m{n
^JdÝ_mJ©ñ` àm_mÊ`§ gm{YV_² B{V AW©…Ÿ&&225Ÿ&& CÎmaŸ: H$pënV¡: B{V. _Z…H$pënV dmŠ`Z²gm| CZ dmXrZ²Z| ""Va{V
emoH$_mË_{dV²'' (ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.7Ÿ&1Ÿ&3Ÿ) ""AmË_bm^mV² Z na§ {dÚVo'' (ŸŸ)
(ŸAÌ ^pŠV_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿ`m ^pŠV_mJ©_|Ÿ) ~mY…Ÿ=Ÿ~mY AmË_mHw§$ Om{Zdodmamo emoH$Hw§$ V[a Omdo ho BË`m{X dmŠ`Z²_| "AmË_m' eãXH$mo
{déÕH$aU§Ÿ=Ÿ{déÕ{H«$`m H$pënV¡…Ÿ=ŸH$pënV AW© eara gå~ÝYr OrdmË_mnaH$ bJm` brZmo ho. `mhrgm| doXmW©Ho$ gÝXoh Xya
ZŸ=ŸZmht, ApñVŸ=Ÿho (ŸàH$ma¡…Ÿ=ŸàH$magy§Ÿ) H$[adodmao ì`mgOrZ| ""AZwnnÎmoñVw Z emara:'' (Ÿ~«÷gyÌŸ1Ÿ&2Ÿ&3Ÿ) `m gyÌ_|
doX_| ~«÷àH$aUn{R>V "AmË_'eãX na~«÷dmMH$ ho, OrddmMH$ Zmht ho ò
à{H«$`mŸ=Ÿà{H«$`mhþ EdŸ=Ÿhr, ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho
{ZU©` {H$`mo ho. Vmgm| do dmXr AnZo OrdHw§$ \$bê$n _mZ| h| ò ~mV à_mU {déÕ
Z {déX²Ü`VoŸ=Ÿ{déÕ Zmht ho à_mUVm_²Ÿ=Ÿà_mUVmHw§$ ho. doX_| "AmË_'eãX ^JdmZ²H$mo dmMH$ ho. doXmÝV^mJ Ordna Zmht hmo` gHo$
(Ÿemóàm_mÊ`ñ`Ÿ=ŸemóHo$ àm_mÊ`H$mo) AdmoMm_Ÿ=ŸH$ho h| ho. Ord \$bê$nhþ Zmht hmo` gHo$ ho. Š`m|Ho$ Ord_| gÎmm-M¡VÝ` Xmo hr JwU h|.
^JdmZ²_| gÎmm, M¡VÝ` Amoa AmZÝX Eg| VrZ nXmW© h|. AmZÝX ^JdmZ²_| A{YH$
^mdmW© : `m ^pŠV_mJ©_| doXm{X emóZ²V| {déÕ Vmo H$Nw> H$[admo ho Zmht. Vog| ho, Ord_| Zmht ho. Ord Vmo A§e ho. ^JdmZ² Vmo Ordgm| A{YH$ h|. Vm_| ""A§emo
hr `m _mJ©H$s à{H«$`mhþ doXm{XemóZ²V| {déÕ Zmht ho. VmoD$ A{d{hV hmo`doV| ZmZmì`nXoemV²'' (Ÿ~« ÷ gy Ì Ÿ2Ÿ&3Ÿ&43Ÿ) ""A{YH$ÝVw ôX{ZX}emV²''
doXm{XemóZ²H$mo àm_mÊ` Vmo ~m{YV hmo` gHo$Ÿ! Egr e‘>mH$mo g_mYmZ `m| (Ÿ~«÷gyÌŸ2Ÿ&1Ÿ&22Ÿ) BË`m{X ì`mggyÌ à_mU h|. Vmgm| ^pŠV_mJ© VWm doX
OmZZmo Omo ^pŠVH$mo àH$ma A{d{hV hmo`donohþ doXm{X emóZ²_| A{Zê${nV Zmht XmoCZ²Ho$ à_o` ^JdmZ² EH$ hr h|. Vmgm| _wpŠVhþ XmoZm| ^JdmZ²Ho$ AmYrZ h|,
ho. VmV| ^pŠVà{H«$`m H$pënV Zmht ho gmo à_mU H$ømoŸ&&225Ÿ&& OrdHo$ AmYrZ Zmht h|. Vmgm| ^JdmZ²H$s àmpßVH$mo H$maU ñZoh hr ho. `m àH$ma
`wpŠVgm|hþ ^pŠV_mJ©Hw§$ àm_m{UH$ ~Vm`moŸ&&225Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : lr_hmà^wOr Amkm H$a| h|, Oogo nmfÊS>r bmoJ AnZo _mJ©Z²_| OrdZ²Hw§$
\§$gm`doHo$ AW© AnZo _mJ©Hw§$ g~ _mJ©Z²gm| CÎm_ ~Vmd| h| Vmgm| Om àH$ma gd© W m Mo X ² h[aH¥ $ nm Z ^{dî`{V `ñ` {hŸ&&
nmIÊS>rZ²Ho$ dMZ hmodo h| dm àH$ma h_mao dMZ²Hw§$ _{V _m{Z`mo. Š`m|Ho$ Vñ` gd© _ ² AeŠ`§ ñ`mZ² _mJ} @ pñ_Z² gw V am_{nŸ&&
nmfÊS>rZ²Ho$ _VZ²_| Oog| lw{V-ñ_¥{Vgm| {déÕ AmMaU hmodo ho Eg| `m ^pŠV_mJ©_| H¥ $ nm`w Š Vñ`Vw `Wm {gÜò V ² H$maU_w À `Vo Ÿ &&226Ÿ&&
lw{V-ñ_¥{Vgm| {déÕ AmMaU Zmht ho. doX_| Omo na_mË_m na~«÷ê$n à_o`H$mo na_² AÌ Z gd}fm§ \$b_wIm{YH$ma… {H$ÝVw òfw ^JdËH¥$nm, H¥$nmn[akmZ§
à{VnmXZ ho dmhrHw§$ ^pŠV_mJ©_| à_o` _mÝ`mo ho. Vmgm| ^pŠV_mJ©_| doX{déÕH$s M _mJ©éÀ`m {ZíMr`VoŸ&&226Ÿ&&
gå^mdZm Z H$aZr.
`ñ`Ÿ=ŸOmHw§$ {hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngy§
e‘>mŸ: _m`mdmXrZ²Z| doX_| Omo "AmË_m' eãX ho dmHw§$ OrdH$mo Zm_ _mÝ`mo
h[aH¥$nmŸ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s H¥$nm AeŠ`§Ÿ=ŸAeŠ`
ho. V~ eara gå~ÝYr OrdmË_m doXH$mo à_o` ^`mo Amoa dmhr OrdmË_mHo$ AmYrZ
463 464
gd©WmŸ=ŸH$mhþ àH$magy§ ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` H¥ $ îUgo d mna§ drú` Xå^m{Xa{hV§ Za_² Ÿ &&
MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X, ZŸ=ŸZmht H¥$nm`wŠVñ`Ÿ=ŸH¥$nmdmaoHw§$ lr^mJdV-VÎdk§ Ôo V ² {Okmgw a mXamV² Ÿ &&227Ÿ&&
^{dî`{VŸ=Ÿhmo`Jr VwŸ=ŸVmo, `WmŸ=ŸOm àH$magy§ `mo {h Jwé… godm_² CnXoú`{V g ñd`§ MoV² Vm_² CÎm_m§ OmZr`mV² VXm H$W§
Vñ`Ÿ=ŸdmHw§$, Apñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿ`m {gX²ÜòV²Ÿ=Ÿ{gÕ hmodo Z ñd`§ Hw$`m©X²Ÿ! B{V godmnaEd Jwé…. VÌm{n {Z{_Îmm{Z dma`{V Xå^m{Xa{hV_²
_mJ}Ÿ=Ÿ_mJ©_|, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ (ŸVWmŸ=Ÿdm àH$maŸ) B{V. godm M à_mU_yb¡d nwéfmW©n`©dgm{`Zr. AÝ`Wm _Z{g AÝ`X² {dYm`
AÝ`WmH$aUo Z \$b{g{Õ: B{V A{^àmòU Amh lr^mJdVVÎdk_² B{V.
gwVam_²Ÿ=ŸgwVam§ H$maU_²Ÿ=ŸH$maUŸ/ŸCnm`
{Okmgw: ZVw H$m¡VwH$mÚm{dï>…. ÔZ§ gd©^mdoZ VXm VXwŠVàH$maoU ^JdËgodm
gdªŸ=ŸH$Nw> CÀ`VoŸ=ŸH$ho h| H$V©ì`mŸ&&227Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : VmoD$ Om ì`pŠVno h[aH¥$nm aÄMH$hþ Z hmo` VmH$m| Vmo `m _mJ©Vohþ§ H$Nw> {Okmgw:Ÿ=ŸOm{ZdoH$s BÀN>mdmamo
{gÕ hmo`dodmamo Zmht ho. n[a Omno ^JdËH¥$nm ho VmH$m| `m _mJ©V| Ho$g| \$b {gÕ
H¥$îUgodmna§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s godm_| namÙ
hmo` gH$V ho VmHo$ H$maUZ²H$mo {Zê$nU lr_hmà^w A~ H$aV h|Ÿ&&226Ÿ&&
Xå^m{Xa{hV§Ÿ=Ÿgå^ Am{Xgm| a{hV
lr^mJdVVÎdk§Ÿ=Ÿlr^mJdVHo$ VÎdHw§$ Om{Zdodmao
e‘>mŸ: `{X ò _mJ© gdm}Îm_ ho Vmo g~ hr ~w{Õdmao nwéf `m_| Š`m| Zmht
àd¥Îm hmoV h|Ÿ? Za§Ÿ=ŸnwéfHw§$
drú`Ÿ=ŸAm{N> ^m§{Vgm| Xo{IH|$
CÎmaŸ: g~hr nwéfZ²Hw§$ `m ^pŠV_mJ©_| \$bXm`H$ A{YH$ma Zmht ho. Omn| AmXamV²Ÿ=ŸAmXagy§ (ŸV§Ÿ=ŸdmHw§$; JwéËdoZŸ=ŸJwéê$ngy§Ÿ)ŸÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔo
^JdmZ²H$s H¥$nm ho dmhrHw§$ ^pŠVHo$ _w»`\$bH$s àmpßV hmo` ho. nmnZme Vmo
""Xodmo@gwamo _Zwî`mo dm'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.7Ÿ&7Ÿ&50Ÿ) BË`m{X dmŠ`mZwgma X¡d- ^mdmW© : Omo H¥$îUH$s godm_| VËna ahVmo hmo`, bmoH¡$fUm qH$dm {eî`¡fUm Am{X
Amgwa H$moD$ Ord hmo`, ^pŠV H$[adogm| _wŠV hmo` hr ho. ^JdmZ²H$s H¥$nm Vmo XwJw©UZ²Ho$ de Xå^m{Xgm| a{hV hmo`, lr^mJdVHo$ AZwgmar _w»` VÎd lrH¥$îU
^pŠV_mJ©_| é{Mgm| OmZZr. ^JdmZ²H$s H¥$nm {dZm `m _mJ©_| é{M Zmht hmo` ho. VWm H¥$îU^pŠV H$m| AmN>r ar{Vgm| OmZV hmo` Ego nwéfH$m| {Okmgw {eî`
Vhm§, `m OrdH$s ^pŠV_mJ©_| é{M ho Ho$ Zmht ho ò Ho$go OmÝ`mo Om`Ÿ? VmH$mo JwéËdoZ AmXa XoŸ&227Ÿ&&
g_mYmZ H$aV h|Ÿ: dof, ^mfm, AmMaU Am{Xgm| _mJ©H$s é{M kmV hmo` ho.
AWm©V² Omo nwéf gXm {VbH$-H$ÊR>r Am{X ^ŠVHo$ doeHw§$ YmaU H$aVmo hmo`, e‘>mŸ: ^JdËH¥$nmgm| hr CÕma hmo` Om`Jmo gmYZ H$[adoH$mo H$hm H$m_
ÑT>VmHo$ dMZ ~mobVmo hmo`, EH$mÝV_| VWm g~Z²Ho$ gå_wIhþ ^JdmZ²Ho$ Zm_Z²Hw§$ hoŸ?
OnVmo hmo`, ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ AmMmaZ²Ho$ AZwgma gXm ~Vm©d H$aVmo hmo` V~ OmZZm|
Ho$ `m nwéfH$s ^pŠV_mJ©_| é{M hoŸ&&226Ÿ&&
CÎmaŸ: ^JdmZ²Ho$ AZwJ«hgm| Vmo ^pŠV àH$Q> hmo` ho. àH$Q> ^B© ào_-
^pŠVHw§$ gmYZH$s Anojm ho. Vhm§ JwéH$s CnmgZm àW_ gmYZ ho. ""{Zambå~mo
VÌ Am{XV… gmYZm{Z Amh H¥$îUgodmna_² B{V. `Wm bmoHo$ ñWmZ^«ï>mo {ZJÚVo, hao… H¥$nm{d{eï>mo@{n JwéhrZg² VW¡d M''
465 466
(Ÿ Ÿ) AW©Ÿ: Om nwéfH$mo H$moB© Ambå~Z Zmht hmo` dmHw§$ bmoH$_| ñWmZ^«ï> H$ho Hw$`m©V²ê$n MŸ=Ÿhr
h|. Eg| hr ^JdËH¥$nm g{hVhþ nwéf `{X JwéhrZ hmo` Vmo dmHw§$hþ ñWmZ^«ï>Ho$ VÌŸ=Ÿdhm§ pñWV_²Ÿ=Ÿaømo ^`mo ho
g_mZ g_wPZmo. Vmgm| (Ÿ{OkmgwH$moŸ) àW_ (ŸH$V©ì` hoŸ) H¥$îUgodm_| namÙ hmo`
dmHw§$ Jwé H$aZm|. Omo Jwé AmoaZ²Hw§$ godm H$[adoH$mo CnXoe Xo ho dmo Jwé ñd`§
^mdmW© : H¥$îUgodm_| VËna, Xå^m{XH$ XmofZ²gm| a{hV VWm lr_X²^mJdVnwamUHo$
^JdËgodmHw$§ CÎm_ OmZoJmo Vmo ñd`§ ^JdËgodm Š`m| Zmht H$aoJmoŸ! Vmgm| godmnamÙ
_w»` à{VnmÚ VÎdHw§$ Om{Zdodmamo H$moD$ Jwé `{X {_bVmo Z hmo` Vmo Amnw hr
hmo` dmo hr Jwé (ŸH$[ado `mo½` hmoVŸ) ho. Vhm§hþ H$moB© {Z{_Îmgm| godm Zmht H$aVmo
^JdËñdê$nH$m| nYam`Ho$ H$hÿ§ gd©Xm godm H$aZr. gmo H$mhoV| Omo gd©Zm_ê$nZ²H$m|
hmo`. H$m_, bmo^, à{Vð>m Ho$ AW© H$nQ>gm| godm Zmht H$aVmo hmo`. VWm
YmaU H$[adodmao lrh[a {ZO_y{V©_| H$mhoH$m| {dÚ_mZ Z hm|`JoŸ?Ÿ&&228Ÿ&&
gd©à_mUZ²Ho$ gma^yV lr^mJdVHo$ AZwgma hr H$sZr ^B© godm nwéfmW© {gÕ
H$[adodmar ho. AÝ`Wm, _ZHo$ AZwgma {dnarV godmgm| \$b{g{Õ Zmht ho. Vmgm|
lr^mJdVHo$ VÎdHw§$ Om{Zdodmamo hmo` dmHw$ Jwé H$aZm|. Amoa {eî`Hw§$ JwéHo$ g_rn Q>rH$m : Vhm§ lrdëb^mMm`©Or H${b`wJHw§$ ~{bð> XoIH|$ AmJ| hmo`dodmao
{Okmgw hmo`Ho$ OmZm| M{hò, H¡$VwH$m{dï> hmo`Ho$ OmZm| `mo½` Zmht ho. AmXanyd©H$, _Zwî`Z²_| JwénZoHo$ bjUH$mo A^md {dMm[aHo$ AnZo hr ñdê$n_| nw{ï>_mJ© AWm©V²
gd©^md H$[aH|$, Eo{hH$-nmabm¡{H$H$ g{hV AmË_mH$mo (Ÿà^wHw§$Ÿ) {ZdoXZ H$[aHo$, ""nmofU§ VXZwJ«h…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&10Ÿ&4Ÿ) `m dmŠ`mZwgma AZwJ«h {d{eï>
AmXanyd©H$ JwéH$s Amkm à_mU gXm H$aVmo aho. Vm nrN>o Jwé Om àH$ma ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ JwéËdH$mo ñWmnZ H$aVo ^ò godmH$mo àH$ma {XImd| h| VX^mdo B{V.
^JdËgodm H$aZm| {gImd| VmHo$ AZwgma ^JdËgodm H$aZmo `mo½` hoŸ&&227Ÿ&&
Om Xoe_| ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ {damoYr Zmht ahVo hm|` Ego H$moB© Xoe_| pñWV hmo`H|$
gM Xwb©^: B{V. VoZm{n dŠVì`§ àH$ma_² Amh VX^mdo B{V. ^JdmZ²H$s _y{V©H$s godm H$ao. AWm©V² ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$n_| ""ò _oao ñdm_r h|'' `m
VX^mdo ñd`§ dm@{n _y { Vª H¥ $ Ëdm hao … Šd{MV² Ÿ && àH$maH$mo ^md am{IH|$, AmnwZ²Hw§$ ^JdmZ²H$mo ghOXmg g_w{PHo$, XmgHo$ H$m`©Hw§$
H$aVmo aho.
n[aM`mª gXm Hw $ `m© V ² VÐy n § VÌ M pñWV_² Ÿ &&228Ÿ&&
Šd{MX² Xoe{deofo gËn[anpÝWZm_² A^md`wŠVo hao: _y{Vª H¥$Ëdm ÔoV².
A`_od Añ` àH$ma: CÎm_…. `Z² _yVm£ H¥$V§ gdª ^Jd{V H¥$V§ ^d{V. VÌ _yV}: `hm§ H$WmldU, ^JdmZ²Ho$ àgÝZVmHo$ AW© Y_©-AWm©{XH$Z²H$mo AmMaU
^JdËd§ ÌoYm {Zê$n`{V VÐyn_² B{V. dñVw{dMmaoU gd©ñ` ^JdÐynËdmX² {deofñVw Am{X Y_©Z²H$mo àW_ dU©Z Zmht H$aHo$ àW_ _y{V©godmH$mo àH$ma {XIm`mo ho VmH$mo
A`_² ""EZ_² CÕ[aî`m{_'' B{V VXm _¥XmXo… àmXw^y©Vmo ^pŠV_mJm©ZwgmaoU Amh H$maU ò ho Ho$ g~ gmYZZ²_| ò _w»` gmYZ ho. Š`m|Ho$ _y{V©_| {H$`mo ^`mo dó,
VÌ M pñWV_² B{V. _yVm£ pñWV_². na§ `Ì hñV: VÌ hñV: VV²-VXd`dofw VV²- Am^yfU, Z¡doÚm{XH$ CnMma gmjmV² ^JdmZ²Hw§$ A“rH$ma H$am`mo g_wÂ`mo Omdo
VX`dm: B{VŸ&&228Ÿ&& ho.
VX^mdoŸ=ŸdmHo$ A^md_| _y{VªŸ=Ÿ_y{V©Hw§$, H¥$ËdmŸ=ŸH$[aHo$ Vhm§ _y{V©_| VrZ àH$magm| ^JdÎdH$mo {Zê$nU H$a| h|. àW_ Vmo gd©nXmW©
^JdÐyn ho Vmgy§ _y{V©hþ ^JdÐyn ho. {deofVm BVZr A{YH$ hoŸ: Oog| àôbmXOr
ñd`§Ÿ=ŸIwX, dm{nŸ=Ÿ^r Šd{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$hÿ§, gXmŸ=Ÿh_|em
Am{X ^ŠVZ²Ho$ AW© ñVå^m{XH$Z²_|gm| Amn àH$Q> ^ò h| Eg| hr godm H$[adodmao
hao:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s n[aM`mªŸ=Ÿn[aM`m© ^ŠVHo$ CÕmamW© Amn _¥{ÎmH$m Am{XH$Ho$ _mÜ`_gm| _y{Îm©ê$n_| àH$Q> hmoV h|. Oog|
BÝÐÚwåZHo$ CÕma H$[adoH$o AW© Xmé~«÷ê$n lrOJÝZmWamÒr àH$Q> ^ò. VjH$Ûmamhþ
467 468
Oogr BÀN>m hVr dogmo hr AmH$ma ^JdXm{dï> MÝXZHo$ H$mð>H$mo àH$Q> ^`mo ò Q>rH$m : Ohm§ _y{Îm©Ho$ lrhñV-MaUma{dÝX h| dhm§ hr ^JdmZ²Ho$hþ hñV-MaUm{XH$
~mV OJÝZmW_mhmËå`_| à{gÕ ho. Eg| hr _y{V© {gÕ hmo`do_| OrdH$s H¥${VÛmamhþ h|. _y{V©Ho$ g~ Ad`dZ²_| ^JdXd`d h|. Š`m|Ho$ ^JdmZ² gmH$ma-ì`mnH$
Oog| ñdê$ngm| àH$Q> hmo`doH$s BÀN>m hmo` ho dog| hr ñdê$nH$mo àmXw^m©d hmo` ho. ~«÷ê$n h|. Vmgm| H$S>m, {H$arQ>, Hw$ÊS>b Am{X CnMma ^JdmZ²Ho$ Ad`dZ²_| hr
^pŠV_mJm©Zwgma Vmo ^JdmZ²H$mo ñdê$n _y{V©_| pñWV ho ò {ZíM` amIZm|Ÿ&&228Ÿ&& gmjmV² A“rH¥$V hmo` h|. CnmgZm_mJ©Ho$ AZwgma _ÝÌ g{hV Ý`mgnyd©H$ nyOmhþ
_y{Îm©_| hr loð> hmo` gHo$ ho. Vmgm| kmZr, ^ŠV VWm CnmgZm_mJu BZ VrZmoZ²Hw§$
VÌ hoVw… hr _y{V©nyOZ H$aZm| `mo½` ho.
gmH$ma-ì`mnH$ËdmÀM _ÝÌñ`m{n {dYmZV…Ÿ&&
lrH¥ $ îU§ ny O ò X ² ^ŠË`m `WmbãYmo n MmaH¡ $ …Ÿ&&229Ÿ&& AÝ` XodVmZ²H$s _y{Îm©_|hþ nyOZ hmo` gHo$ ho naÝVw dhm§ Xmo ì`dYmZ hmod|
h|. ^JdmZ²H$mo A§e Ajanwéf (Ÿò àW_ AÝVam` AmoaŸ), dmHo$ A§emdVma VWm
ì`mnH§$ gmH$ma§ ~«÷ B{V. AV… gd} H$Q>H$mÚwnMmam: ^JdXd`doîdod
AÝ` XodVm CZH$mo Amdoe (Ÿò Xygamo AÝVam`Ÿ). gmo bmohHo$ Jmobm_| Oogo
gmjmËH¥$Vm ^dpÝV. CnmgZm_mJm©ZwgmaoUm{n _yVm©dod ^JdX²ÔZ§ ^d{V B{V
Ap½ZH$mo Amdoe hmoV ho Vog| _y{Îm©_| (ŸAÝ`mÝ` XodVmZ²H$moŸ) Amdoe hmoV ho.
Amh _ÝÌñ`m{n {dYmZV: B{V. Ý`mgm{Xnyd©H§$ gd©nyOm. _yVm£ {deof_² Amh
lrH¥$îUH$s _y{V©_| A§er _ybê$n na~«÷ nwéfmoÎm_H$mo hr Amdoe hmoV ho. Vmgm|
lrH¥$îU_² B{V. _yÎ`©ÝVao X²ì`ÝV[aVËd_². `WmdV² _w»`V`m àmßV¡: Ðì`¡:
lrH¥$îUH$s hr ào_g{hV godm H$aZr. amOm{YamOH$mo Om àH$ma CnMma {H$`mo
CnMmam… H$V©ì`m…Ÿ&&229Ÿ&&
Om` ho Vm ar{Vgm| godm H$aZr. {OVZ| nXmW© àmßV hm|` {dZgm| CnMmaŸ=ŸC{MV
gËH$ma H$aVmo ahoŸ&&229Ÿ&&
`WmbãYmonMmaH¡$:Ÿ=ŸàmßV ^ò gmH$ma-ì`mnH$ËdmV² Ÿ=ŸgmH$ma
CnMmaZ²gy§, ^ŠË`mŸ=Ÿ^pŠVgy§ Amoa ì`mnH$ hmo`dogy§, MŸ=ŸAmoa VÌm{n ^pŠV_mJm©ZwgmaoU CnMmam: _w»`m: B{V Amh `Wm gwÝXaVm§ `m{V
lrH¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHw§$ _ÝÌñ`Ÿ=Ÿ_ÝÌHo$ B{V.
nyOòXŸ² =ŸnyOo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, {dYmZV:Ÿ=Ÿ{dYmZgm| `Wm gw Ý XaVm§ `m{V dó¡ a ² AmâU¡ a {nŸ&&
Ab‘w > duV gào _ VWm ñWmZnw a …ga_² Ÿ &&230Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : A{ZpÝXV d¥{Îmgm| VWm ghOV`m Cnm{O©V hmo` Egr ^JdËgodmnyOm¡n{`H$ gào_ B{V AZwÛoJmW©_². ñWmZ§ _pÝXa_². VXb‘>manyd©H$_od ^JdXb‘>aU§
gm_J«rZ²gm| ^pŠVnyd©H$ lrH¥$îU_y{V©H$mo nyOZ H$aZm|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h| H$V©ì`_² B{V AW©…Ÿ&&230Ÿ&&
Omo na_mË_m gd©ì`mnr h|, gmo H$Ny> _y{V©H$m| N>m§{S>Ho$ gd©ì`mnr Zmht h|. AWm©V²
gd©ì`mnr hmo`doV| {ZO_y{V©_|hþ {dÚ_mZ² Vmo h| hr. Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo Egr
dó¡:Ÿ=Ÿdó `m{VŸ=ŸàmßV H$ao
ì`mnH$Vm Vmo na_mË_mH$s AewÕ OwJwpßgV nXmW©Z²_|hþ ho, gmo Vhm§hþ Š`m|
^JdËnyOZH$mo CnXoe Zmht H$aV hmoŸ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo OwJwßgmOZH$ AewÕ AmâU¡:Ÿ=ŸAm^yfUHo$Ûmam VWmŸ=Ÿdm àH$magm|
AmH$ma qH$dm _y{V©Z²_| gd©ì`mnr na_mË_mHo$ nyOZHo$ _ÝÌ qH$dm {d{Y emóJmoMa A{nŸ=Ÿhþ ñWmZmnwa:ga§Ÿ=ŸñWmZm{X nyd©H$
hmoV Zmht ho n[a _yb AmH$maHo$ ê$ndmar _y{V©_| gmH$ma-ì`mnH$ na_mË_mHo$ `WmŸ=ŸOm àH$magy§ (Ÿ^JdÝ_y{V©:Ÿ) gào_Ÿ=Ÿào_ g{hV
nyOZH$s _ÝÌ-{d{Y emóJmoMa hoŸ&&229Ÿ&& gwÝXaVm§Ÿ=ŸgwÝXaVmHw§$ Ab‘w>duVŸ=Ÿe¥§Jmao
469 470
^mdmW© : ^JdËñdê$nHo$ {~amOdoHo$ ñWmZHo$ Ab‘>aU nyd©H$ dóZ²gm| VWm ^mdmW© : n[admaHo$ ^m`m© Am{X gXñ` `{X AZwHy$b hm|` Vmo {dZgm|hþ ^JdËgodm
Am^yfUZ²gm| ^JdÝ_y{V© Oog| gwÝXa Xe©Z Xoddo mar ~{Z Om` Vog| gào_ ^JdÝ_y{V©H$y hþ§ H$amdZr. n[a do `{X CXmgrZ hm|` Vmo Z H$amdZr, AWm©V² Amnw hr H$aZr. Aé
e¥§Jmam{X YamdZoŸ&&230Ÿ&& `{X do ^JdËgodmH$mo {damoY H$aV hm|` Vmo {dZH$mo n[aË`mJ H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoVoŸ?
Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo {dîUw{d_wIH$mo g§J H$[admo _hmZ ~mYH$ ho. VmV| Ego
Q>rH$m : ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ AZwgma hr ^JdËgËH$ma H$aZmo `mo½` ho. Oog| AË`ÝV {dîUw{d_wI ^m`m©{X n[admaOZZ²Ho$ Ë`mJ_| H$Ny> Xmof Zmht hoŸ&&231Ÿ&&
gwÝXaVm àH$Q> hmo` Egr ar{Vgm| ào_gm| dó-Am^yfU YmaU H$amdZo. ào_ g{hV
godm H$[adogm| {MÎmH$mo CÛoJ {_Q>o ho. àW_ _pÝXaH$s gmohZr, _pÝXadó, Q>rH$m : ór-nwÌm{XH$Z²gm|hþ gXm ^JdËgodm H$admVo ahoZmo. Š`m|H$o godm_| ghm`VmH$s
{N>S>H$md, _m§S>Zm Am{XH$Z²gm| godm H$aZr. `m àH$ma MÝXmodm, {nN>dmB©, Anojm aho ho. nwéf à^yZ²H$m| dó-Am^yfUm{X YmaU H$amd| {OVZo g_`_| ór
qghmgZ, e¡æ`mOr Am{X nXmW©Z²H$s godmhþ àW_ hr H$a amIZr. Vmgm| g_`n| ì`ÄOZ {gÕ H$abo Vmo ^moJ Am`do_| {dbå~ Zmht hmo`. `{X ór-nwÌm{XH$Z²H$s
{dbå~ Zmht hmo`Ÿ&&230Ÿ&&
Ed§ àd¥Îmñ` ^m`m©XrZm§ {d{Z`moJ_² Amh ^m`m©{XaZwHy$bíMoX² B{V. ^JdËgodm H$[ado_| CXmgrZ d¥{Îm hmo`, AWm©V² godm_| àr{V Zmht hmo` Vmo
{dZgm| godm Z H$admdo, Amn ñd`§ hr godm H$ao. Š`m|Ho$ AmJ«h H$aHo$ ór-
^m`m© { XaZw H y $ bíMo V ² H$maò X ² ^JdpËH« $ `m_² Ÿ && nwÌm{XH$Z²gm| godm H$adm`do_| CZHw§$ Šboe hmo` Amoa Šboeg{hV H$ar ^B©
CXmgrZo ñd`§ Hw $ `m© V ² à{VHy $ bo J¥ h § ËÒo V ² Ÿ && godmH$mo A“rH$ma ^JdmZ² Zmht H$a| h|. `{X órnwÌm{XH$ à{VHy$b AWm©V² godmHo$
{damoYr hm|`, AmnwZ²H$m|hþ godm H$[ado Zmht XoV hm|`, Vmo CZHw§$ N>m§{S> XoZ|. godmgm|
VÎ`mJo Xy f U§ ZmpñV `Vmo {dîUw n am¶w I m…Ÿ&&231Ÿ&&
à{VHy$b ^ò {dZm órnwÌm{XH$Z²Ho$ Ë`mJ_| Xmof ho.
^m`m©{XH§$ J¥h_². {dîUwnam¶wIm ^m`m©X`…, AÝ`Wm n[aË`mJo XmofEd. AZoZ

ór-nwÌm{XH$Z²H$mo hr Zm_ `hm§ "J¥h' ho. ""J¥{hUr J¥h_² CÀ`Vo''.
Ad¡îUd¡… gh Apñ_Z² _mJ} Z ñWmVì`_² B{V CŠV§ ^d{VŸ&&231Ÿ&&
CZhrH$mo Ë`mJ ho, KaH$mo Ë`mJ Zmht ho. Ka N>m§{S>dogm| Vmo godmhþ Zmht ~Z gHo$
ho. ""VVmo Xw:ñg“_² CËg¥Á` gËgw gÁOoV ~w{Õ_mZ²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&26Ÿ&26Ÿ)
^m`m©{X:Ÿ=ŸnpËZ Am{X à{VHy$boŸ=Ÿà{VHy$b hmo`don| BË`m{X à_mUmZwgma ^JdmZ²gm| ~{h©_wI ór-nwÌm{XH$Z²Ho$ Ë`mJ_| Xmof Zmht ho.
AZwHy$b:Ÿ=ŸAZwHy$b, MoV²Ÿ=Ÿhm|`ŸVmo J¥h§Ÿ=ŸKaHw§$, ËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸN>mo‹S>Xo ò H${hHo$ Ad¡îUdHo$ g“ Zmht ~oR>Zmo ò ~mVhþ OVmB©Ÿ&&231Ÿ&&
^JdpËH«$`m§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdËgodmHw§$ VÎ`mJoŸ=Ÿ{dZHo$ Ë`mJ_| Xmof
H$maòX²Ÿ=ŸH$amdo ZŸ=ŸZmht, ApñVŸ=Ÿho OrdZo àH$ma_² Amh gd© W m d¥ { ÎmhrZíMo X ² B{V.
CXmgrZoŸ=ŸCXmgrZ hmo`don| `VmoŸ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$ gd© W m d¥ { ÎmhrZíMo X ² EH§ $ `m_§ ham¡ Zò V ² Ÿ &&
ñd`§Ÿ=ŸIwX, Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$ao {dîUwnam¶wIm:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUgy§Ÿ{d_wIŸh| nR>o À M {Z`_§ H¥ $ Ëdm lr^mJdV_mXamV² Ÿ &&232Ÿ&&
`m__mÌ§ ^JdËgodm§ {dYm` níMmX² A{Z{fÕoZ CnmòZ OrdZ§ gånmXòV².

471 472
nmaån`©OrdZ_{n {Z{fÕ§ MoV² VXm Ë`ŠVì`_². ""AMm¡amUm_² AnmnmZm_²'' gdª gho V néf§ gd} f m§ H¥ $ îU^mdZmV² Ÿ &&
(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.7Ÿ&11Ÿ&30Ÿ) B{V dMZmV². Or{dH$m`m§ {MÎm§ ì`mn¥V§ nwZ: ^Jd{V d¡ a m½`§ n[aVmo f § M gd© W m Z n[aËÒo V ² Ÿ &&233Ÿ&&
`moOZmW©_² Cnm`_² Amh nR>oÀM {Z`_§ H¥$Ëdm B{V. AZoZ Aën~{h_w©IVm`m_{n `Wm J¥h_² Aì`mHw$b§ ~{h…nyOm`m§ H$V©ì`§ VW¡d öX`_² Aì`mHw$b§ {dYo`_².
^mJdV_² AZwgÝYo`_² B{V Cnm`… H${WV…Ÿ&&232Ÿ&& ""VWm@[a{â² Z ì`WVo {ebr_wI¡:'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.4Ÿ&3Ÿ&19Ÿ) B{V dmŠ`mX²
Xwï>mZm§ dMZoZ jmo^mo ^d{V. VÌ Vm{Z dMZm{Z {hVËdoZ J«møm{U. AË`ÝV§
gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ àH$magm| `m_§Ÿ=Ÿàha, ham¡Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU_| {déÕm{Z MoV² àH$maôXoZ. VÌ Cnn{Îm_² Amh H¥$îU^mdZmX² B{V. H¥$îUEd
d¥{ÎmhrZ:Ÿ=ŸAmOr{dH$mŸ{~ZmH$moŸhmo` ZòV²Ÿ=ŸbJmdo, AmXamV²Ÿ=ŸAmXagm| Añ_mZ² Cn{Xe{V ""~{h_w©IV`m Z ñWmVì`_²'' B{V AW©…. CÎm_JwéÛ`{ejm
MoX²Ÿ=ŸVmo, EH§$Ÿ=ŸEH$ {Z`_§Ÿ=Ÿ{Z`_, H¥$ËdmŸ=ŸH$aHo$ AZwgÝYo`m B{V Amh d¡am½`_² B{VŸ&&233Ÿ&&
lr^mJdV_²Ÿ=Ÿlr^mJdV²Hw§$ MŸ=ŸAdí`, nR>oV²Ÿ=ŸnT>o
H¥$îU^mdZmV²Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s ^mdZmgm| d¡am½`Ÿ=Ÿd¡am½`, MŸ=ŸAmoa
^mdmW© : AmOr{dH$m_| ì`mn¥V hmo`doHo$ H$maU g_` nyamoŸ-Ÿnyamo Z {_bV hmo` gd}fm§Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²Ho$, gdªŸ=Ÿg~ n[aVmof§Ÿ=ŸgÝVmofHw§$
VmoD$ EH$ `m_ (ŸAhmoamÌH$mo Aï>_m§eŸ) {OVZo g_`H$mo Vmo ^JdXW© {d{Z`moJ néf§Ÿ=Ÿ{VañH$ma gd©WmŸ=ŸH$moD$ àH$magy§
H$aZmo hr, Vog| hr AmXa nydH© $ lr^mJdVH$mohþ nmR> {ZË`-{Z`_gm| H$aZmoŸ&&232Ÿ&& ghoVŸ=ŸghZ H$ao ZŸ=ŸZmht, n[aËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸN>mo‹S>o
Q>rH$m : OrdZ{Zdm©hH$mo àH$ma {XImdo h|. gd©WmŸ=ŸH$moB© àH$maH$s Or{dH$m Z ^mdmW© : H$moC H$Nw> H$Qw> ~mV H$ho V~ dm ì`pŠVHo$ _wIgm| à^w _oamo A{^_mZ
hmo` Vmo àha â ^JdËgodm H$aHo$ nmN>| A{Z{fÕ Cnm`gm| OrdZ(Ÿ=ì`mnmam{XH$Ÿ) Xya H$[admo MmhV h| Egr ^mdZm H$[aHo$ {MÎmH$m| Aì`mHw$b am{Idmo C{MV ho.
H$ao. (Ÿnm[adm[aH$Ÿ) naånamgm|hþ `{X {Z{fÕ d¥{Îm Mbr AmVr hmo` Vmo dmHw§$hþ AàmßV {df`Z²_| d¡am½` Aé àmßV {df`Z²_| n[aVmof H$~hþ N>m§S>Zo ZmhtŸ&&233Ÿ&&
N>moS> XoZmo `mo½` ho. `Ú{n ^pŠV_| g~ OrdZ²Hw§$ A{YH$ma ho naÝVw AmhmaH$s
ew{Õ ^ògm| gËdew{Õ, AWm©V² AÝV…H$aUH$s ew{Õ hmo` ho. Vmgm| ewÕd¥{Îmgm| Q>rH$m : ò godm AmÝVar` _w»` ho. AWm©V² Oog| lrJ“mOrH$mo àdmh g_wÐ_|
Or{dH$m H$aZr. gd©Xm A{dpÀN>ÝZ {_bVmo aho ho dm àH$magy§ ào_ßbwV hmo`H|$ gd©Xm lrH¥$îU_|
_ZH$s A{dpÀN>ÝZ J{V amIZm| "_mZgrgodm' ho. ò _w»` ho. Oog| ~m{ha-Xohgm|
{O{dH$mHo$ H$m`©_| bJo ^ò {MÎmH$m| nmN>mo ^JdmZ²_| bJm`doHo$ AW© Cnm` godm H$[ado_| godm{damoYr nXmW©H$mo Ë`mJ ho Eg| ^rVa-öX`_| godm H$[ado_|hþ Omo
~Vmdo h| nR>oÀM B{V. {Z`_nyd©H$ lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZmo. WmoS>rhþ ~{h_w©IVm {damoYr hm|` CZHo$ Ë`mJH$mo dU©Z H$ao h| gdª ghoV B{V.
àVrV hmo` Vmo lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZmo. ò hr ^JdmZ²_| {MÎm bJm`doH$mo Cnm`
hoŸ&&232Ÿ&& Oog| ñdê$ngodm H$[ado_| J¥hH$s ì`mHw$bVm Xya H$aZr Amdí`H$ ho Eg| hr
AmÝVagodm H$[adoHo$ AW© öX`H$s ì`mHw$bVmHw§$ Xya H$aZrhþ Amdí`H$ ho. Oogmo
EVX² ÔZ_² AmÝVa§ _w»`_². VÌ `Wm ~{h^©OZo à{VHy$bn[aË`mJ: VWm H$ï> eÌwHo$ ~mU bJdogm| Zmht hmo` ho Egmo Xwï>Z²Ho$ ~MZZ²gm| öX`_| jmo^ hmo`
AmÝVaÔZo@{n à{VHy$bn[aË`mJ_² Amh gdª ghoV B{V. ho. `{X CZHo$ dMZgm| öX` ì`mHw$b hmo` Vmo ^rVaH$s godm (ŸAmÝV^©OZŸ) Zmht
~Z gHo$. Vmgm| Xwï>dMZZ²H$m| AnZo {hVH$mar g_w{PHo$ gw{Z boZo. `{X do dMZ
473 474
AË`ÝV {déÕ hm|` Vmo ""lrH¥$îU hr _mogm| Amkm H$a| h| Ho$ ~{h_w©I hmo`H|$ Zmht hr ""XohHo$ AÝV_| _| Adí` H¥$VmW© hmoD§$Jmo'' Egmo ÑT> {ZíM` am{IHo$ Ohm§ Vm§B©
ahZm|'' Eg| g_w{P boZmo. naÝVw öX`_| jmo^ Zmht hmo`do XoZmo. CÎm_ JwéH$s Omo ~Z gHo$ Vhm§ Vm§B© ~møgodmŸ-VZwOm-{dÎmOm VWm AmÝVagodmŸ-_mZgrHw§$ H$aVmo
Xmo` {ejm CZHw§$ `mX amIZm| (ŸCÎm_JwéÛ`Ho$ gå~ÝY_| lr^mJdVHo$ 7Ÿ&13Ÿ&34 aho. ò g~ D$na H$ømo CnXoe hrZm{YH$mar VWm _Ü`_m{YH$mar Ho$ AW© ho.
_|hþ XoIZmoŸ). d¡am½` Ed§ gÝVmof H$~hþ Zmht N>moS>Zo. AmgpŠV am{Idogm| H$nmoV CÎm_m{YH$marH$m| Vmo ^JdËgmjmËH$ma hmo`dogm| godm_| AmZÝX àH$Q> hmo` Omdo
Oogo ór-nwÌm{X g{hV Omb_| \§$g J`mo Ego AmgpŠV am{Idogm| J¥hñWr \§$g ho. {\$a dmo ""{dZm_ËgodZ§ OZm…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.3Ÿ&29Ÿ&13Ÿ) _wpŠVHw§$hþ Zmht
Omdo ho. Vmgm| d¡am½` amIZm|. gÝVmof am{Idogm| {n“bm doí`m H$mÝVmem N>m§{S>Ho$ Mmho ho. godmHw§$ ñdV…nwéfmW©ê$n _m{ZH|$ dmHo$ AmZÝX_| {Z_½Z ^`mo gd©Xm godm
gwInyd©H$ gmo` JB©. Vmgm| gÝVmof H$~hþ Zmht N>moS>ZmoŸ&&233Ÿ&& hr H$aVmo aho ho.
Ed§ ghZo ho V w ^ y V § {dMma_² Amh EVX² B{V. Vhm§ _ÝX-_Ü`_m{YH$mar ò e‘>m H$a| Ho$ h_gm| gd©Xm Vmo godm Zmht ~Z
EVX² Xo h mdgmZo Vw H¥ $ VmW© … ñ`mZ² Z g§ e `…Ÿ&& gHo$Ÿ! VmH$mo ò CÎma ho Ho$ EH$ dma H$ar ^B© ào_ g{hV EH$hþ godm na_nwéfmW©Hw§$
B{V {ZpíMË` _Zgm H¥ $ îU§ n[aMao V ² gXmŸ&&234Ÿ&& Xododmar ho. lr^mJdV_| {bIo h| ""gH¥${XîQ>‰m{Xnwéf§ néfmo `m{V gmå`Vm_²''
(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.6Ÿ&18Ÿ&66Ÿ) AW©Ÿ: EH$ ~oa nyOZ H$aHo$ nwéf ^JdmZ²Ho$ g_mZVmHw§$
^¥VH$… g_`{_d XohmdgmZ_od {MÝVòV². EH$m{n n[aM`m© gH¥$V² H¥$Vm
àmßV hmo` Omdo ho. Vhm§ e‘>m hmo` Omo EH$ godmgm| hr H¥$VmW©Vm hmo` Om`Jr V~
na_nwéfmW©Xm B{V. na§ {dÚ_mZXohñ` {ZîH¥$Ë`Wª gXm n[aMaoV²Ÿ&&234Ÿ&&
gd©Xm godm Š`m| H$aZmoŸ? Egr e‘>m Zmht H$aZr. Š`m|Ho$ ~m{haH$s godm_| XohH$mo
OrdHo$ D$na ~S>mo CnH$ma ho. Vmgm| dmHo$ ~Xbo_| OrdHw§$hþ Xohgm| godm H$am`Ho$
EVX²XohmdgmZoŸ=Ÿ`m XohHo$ B{VŸ=ŸEgmo XohHw§$ H¥$VmW© H$aZm| `mo½` ho. {ZË`àb`njHo$ AZwgma Xoh jU-jU_| AÝ`
AdgmZ ^òn|, VwŸ=ŸVmo _ZgmŸ=Ÿ_Zg hmoVr Mbr Om` ho. CZ jU-jU_| CËnÝZ hmo`dodmao XohZ²Hw§$ H¥$VmW© H$[adoHo$
H¥$VmW©:Ÿ=ŸH¥$VmW© {ZpíMË`Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM` H$[aHo$ AW© H$moB©^r jU godmŸ{dZm Zmht ahZm| M{hò. VWm XÊS>m{X YmaU H$aZm| Oogo
ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Jmo (ŸVÌŸ=ŸVm_|Ÿ) gXmŸ=Ÿh_|em, H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUH$s kmZrXohH$mo {ZíM` H$am`dodmamo ho Vog| ^ŠVXohH$mo {ZíM` H$am`dodmar
godmŸhoŸ&&234Ÿ&&
g§e`: Z (ŸApñVŸ)Ÿ=Ÿe‘>m Zmht ho n[aMaoV²Ÿ=Ÿn[aM`m© H$ao
ZZw Šd Xoeo, H$W§ dm n[aMaoX²Ÿ? B{V AmH$mL²>jm`m_² Amh gdm©nojm_²
B{V.
y§^mdmW© : `m XohHo$ Ny>{Q>don| _moH$m| ^JdËàmpßV {ZpíMV hr hmo`Jr Egmo _Z_|
gdm© n o j m§ n[aË`Á` ÑT>§ H¥ $ Ëdm _Z… pñWa_² Ÿ &&
ÑT> {dídmg am{IHo$ gd©Xm H¥$îUH$s n[aM`m© (ŸÔZŸ) H$aZrŸ&&234Ÿ&&
ÑT>{dídmgVmo `w Š Ë`m `Wm {gÕço V ² VWmMao V ² Ÿ &&
d¥ W mbmn-{H« $ `m-Ü`mZ§ gd© W ¡ d n[aËÒo V ² Ÿ &&235Ÿ&&
Eg| ghZ H$[adoH$mo H$maU ò ho Ho$ Oog| bmoH$_| godH$ ñdm_rH$s godm H$aVo
g_` ò ÑT> {dídmg amIo ho Ho$ ""godmHo$ AÝV_| \$b Adí` {_boJmo. Vmgm| H$~ gmnoj_² Ag_Wª ^dVr{V _yb§ ^JdXW} ñWmn{`Ëdm gmYZm^mdmX² d¡H$ë`§
godm nyar hmo`-H$~ \$b {_bo'' Eg| hr ""H$mb§ àVrjZ² {d_Xmo {d_Ëga…'' OmV_{n {Zdm`© {MÎm§ ^JdËòd pñWarH¥$Ë` `Wm nwÌ… {nV[a _mV[a dm {dídmg§
BË`m{X dmŠ`mZwgma ZmaXOr AnZr _¥Ë`wH$s ~mQ> XoIVo-XoIVo ^JdV²ñ_aU- H$amo{V VWm ÑT>{dídmgmo bm¡{H$H$`wŠË`m `W¡d nyOm {gÕç{V VW¡d H$V©ì`{_{V
H$sV©Z namÙ aho Amò hVo. XohmÝV ^ò nrN>o ^JdËnmf©X hmo` Jò. `m àH$ma bm¡{H$H$`wpŠVaod Cn{Xï>m. VÚwpŠV{gÕçWª d¥Wmbmnm{XH§$ àmßV§ {ZfoY{V d¥Wmbmn
B{V. H$m`-dmL²>-_Zgm ñd^mdV… àd¥Îmm§ {H«$`m§ ËÒoV²Ÿ&&235Ÿ&&
475 476
dmUrgm| d¥Wm ^mfU Zmht H$aZmo. earagm| d¥Wm Moï>m Zmht H$aZr. _Z_| d¥Wm
gdm©nojm§Ÿ=Ÿg~ AnojmZ²H$mo `WmŸ=ŸOm àH$magy§ bm¡{H$H$ nXmW©Z²H$mo Ü`mZ Zmht H$aZm|Ÿ&&235Ÿ&&
n[aË`Á`Ÿ=ŸË`mJ H$[aHo$ (_Z:ŸÑT>§ŸpñWa§){gÕçoV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
_Z:Ÿ=Ÿ_ZHw§$ VWmŸ=ŸVog|, AmMaoV²Ÿ=ŸAmMaU H$ao `X² - `X² Bï>V_§ bmo H o $ `ÀMm{V{à`_mË_Z…Ÿ&&
ÑT>§Ÿ=ŸÑT> d¥WmŸ=ŸAZmdí`H$ òZ ñ`mZ² {Zd¥©{VpíMÎmo VV² H¥$îUo gmYòX² Y«wd_²Ÿ&&236Ÿ&&
H¥$ËdmŸ=ŸH$[aHo$ Ambmn{H«$`mÜ`mZ§Ÿ=Ÿ~mobZmo-{H«$`m- ^JdËgodm`m_{n pŠbï>§ Z g_n©òV². VV² pŠbï>§ {Ì{dY§ 1.ŸbmoH$pŠbï>§
ÑT>{dídmgVmoŸ=ŸÑT> {dídmggm| -Ü`mZHw§$, gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ àH$magm| 2.ŸAmË_pŠbï>§ 3.Ÿ{MÎmpŠbï>§ M B{V. AV: ApŠbï>§ {Zê$ß`Vo. bmoHo$ `X²-`X²
Bï>V__² Am_«-Ðmjm{X, AmË_Z: AË`ÝV§ {à`§ Xw½Ym{X, gÝ_mJm}nm{O©V§, Z
`wŠË`m (ŸMŸ)Ÿ=ŸAmoa `wpŠVgm| EdŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMV ê$ngm|
AÝòfm§ ^mJê$n_², {MaH$mb_ZmoaW{MpÝVV_², AÝV…H$aU{à`_². VoZd¡ {MÎm{Zd¥{© V….
pñWa§ (ŸH¥$ËdmŸ)Ÿ=ŸpñWa H$[aHo$ n[aËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸnyU©ê$ngy§ N>moS>o BVa{ZfoYmW©_² EVX² CŠV_²Ÿ&&236Ÿ&&
bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_| {MÎmoŸ=Ÿ{MÎm_|, òZŸ=ŸOmgy§
`X²Ÿ-Ÿ`X²Ÿ=ŸOmo-Omo {Zd¥©{V:Ÿ=ŸàgÝZVm
^mdmW© : H$mhþgm| H$Ny> Anojm Z am{IdoV| _Z_| ÑT>Vm {gÕ hmoV ho. Vog| hr ÑT> Bï>V_§Ÿ=Ÿg~gy§ A{YH$ŸA{^b{fV ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`, VX²Ÿ=Ÿdmo
{dídmgV| Aé `wpŠV (ŸMmVwarŸ)V| _Z pñWa hmo` gH$V ho. gmo _ZH$s ÑT>Vm Aé
MŸ=ŸVWm, `V²Ÿ=ŸOmo Y«wd§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZpíMV
pñWaVm ~Zr aho Vogmo hr AmMaU H$aZmo M{hò. (ŸH$m`m, dmUr, Aé _Z gm|Ÿ)
d¥Wm {H«$`m, d¥Wm Ambmn VWm d¥Wm Ü`mZ H$~hþ Z H$aZmoŸ&&235Ÿ&& AmË_Z:Ÿ=ŸAmnwZ²Hw§$ H¥$îUoŸ=ŸH¥$îUHo$ {Z{_Îm
Q>rH$m : AWdm ""d¡Ymon`moJmod©[aVñ` ^y`mo d¡Ymon`moJ… à{Vn{Îm- éÀ`Vo'' A{V{à`§Ÿ=ŸAË`ÝV {à` gmYòX²Ÿ=Ÿbmdo
(Ÿ Ÿ) Vhm§ H$moZ Xoe_| Ho$go n[aM`m© H$aZr Egr AmeL²>H$m ^B© Vhm§ Amkm H$ao
h| gdm©nojm_² B{V. g~ AnojmZ²Hw§$ N>m§{S>Ho$ AWm©V² ^JdmZ²Ho$ AW© ñWmnZ ^mdmW© : H$moD$ dñVw AkmZ, ^«_ AWdm Xwì`©gZ Ho$ _mohV| H$moCH$m| AmN>r
H$aHo$, _ZHw§$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ AW© An©U H$aHo$, godmHo$ gm{hË`_| AeŠ`Vmgm| H$moB© bmJVr hmo` VmoD$ bmoH$_| OmH$m| J{h©V _mZr OmVr hmo` VmH$mo g_n©U à^yZ²H$m|
nXmW©H$s hrZVm Xo{IHo$ öX`_| CËnÞ ^B© Omo {dH$bVm dmH$mo {ZdmaU H$aHo$, Z H$aZmo, n[a bmoH$_| OmH$m| Bï>V_ _mÝ`mo OmVmo hmo` gmohr dñVwH$mo g_n©U
AWm©V² ""_mVm-{nVm nwÌH$mo {hV hr H$ao ho Ego ^JdmZ² _oamo {hV hr H$a|J|'' Egmo à^yZ²H$m| H$aZmo. Vog|hr nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©_| d«Om{YnHo$ ^mdV| godmH$mo ^md am»`mo
ÑT> {dídmg H$aHo$, {MÎmHw§$ ^JdmZ²_| hr pñWa H$aHo$ Oogr ar{Vgm| godm {gÕ ho gmo d«Obrbm_| Omo dñVw à^yZ²H$m| éMV ho VmH$mo g_n©U H$aZmo. Om dñVwHo$
hmo` dogo hr ~aVmd H$aZm|. ""_XW}îd“Moï>m M'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&19Ÿ&22Ÿ) ^JdËgodm_| g_n©U H$[adoV| AÝVV: {MÎm_| Šboe hmoVmo hmo` Egr AgÝ_mJm}nm{O©V
`m dmŠ`_| ""_oao hr AW© ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ A“Z²H$s Moï>m H$aZr M{hò'' ò Omo ^JdmZ²Z| dñVyZ²H$mo g_n©U à^wgodm_| Z H$aZmo n[a OmHo$ g_n©UV| {MÎm_| na_ gwI CnOVmo
Amkm H$sZr ho `mgm| godmH$mo hr lr_wIgm| CnXoe XrZmo ho. {MÎmH$m| EH$mJ« amIo hmo` VmH$mohr g_n©U ^JdËgodm_| H$aZmoŸ&&236Ÿ&&
{~Zm H$sZr ^B© godm Am{YX¡{dH$s Zmht hmo`. Vmgm| {MÎmHw§$ EH$mJ« amIZm|.
{OVZo_| godm-gmYZ {gÕ hmo` CVZmo hr Cnm`MmVw`© H$aZmo, A{YH$ Zmht Q>rH$m : Šboe a{hV gÝ_mJ©gm| Cnm{O©V gmYZgm| godm H$aZr. AÝ`m`gm|
H$aZmo. godmW© bm¡{H$H$ Cnm` H$[ado_| ~{h_w©IVmhþ Zmht hmo` ho. bm¡{H$H$ AWdm Šboenyd©H$ Cnm{O©V nXmW©Z²Hw§$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ AW© An©U Zmht H$aZmo.
Cnm`m{X H$aVo g_` Xoh-dmUr-_Z BZH$s d¥Wm Moï>m Zmht H$aZr. AWm©V²
477 478
pŠbð>nXmW© VrZ àH$maH$mo hmodo hoŸ: 1.ŸbmoH$ Om_| Šboe nmdo, 2.ŸAmË_m ^mdmW© : lrR>mHw$aOrHo$ qghmgZ, IÊS>-nmQ>, MmoH$s, eæ`m Am{XHo$ dóZ²H$mo
Om_| Šboe nmdo Ed§ 3.Ÿ{MÎm Om_| Šboe nmdo. Ego nXmW© ^JdmZ²Ho$ AW© An©U àjmbZ, Vog|B© ^moJ Y[adoHo$ nmÌZ²Hw§$ _m§OZmo, Vog| _Q>H$s_| Ob âZmo Am{X godm
Zmht H$aZ|. ñd`_od ^pŠV^mdgm| H$aZr. Ho$db àmV:H$mb_| AWdm àmV:Ÿ-Ÿ_Ü`mÝh `m|
Xmo` {~[a`m§ AWdm àmV:Ÿ-Ÿ_Ü`mÝhŸ-Ÿgm`§ `m| VrÝ`mohr {~[a`m§ ^JdËgodm
AmJ| ApŠbï> nXmW©H$mo {Zê$nU H$a| h|Ÿ: ""`Ú{Xï>V_§ bmoHo$ `ÀM{V H$aZrŸ&&237Ÿ&&
{à`_mË_Z…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&11Ÿ&41Ÿ) ò AmYmo íbmoH$ lr^mJdV
EH$mXeñH$ÝYmoŠV ^JdÛmŠ` ho. bmoH$_| Omo Bï>V_ AWm©V² AË`ÝV A{^bmfmHo$ Q>rH$m : godm _w»` ho, nyOm _w»` Zmht ho. Vmgm| godm`mo½` nXmW©Z²H$mo gÄM`
`mo½` Omo dñVw hmo`; Oog| XmI, Am_«\$b, Ho$bm Am{X; VWm Omo dñVw AmË_mH$m| H$[ado_| n[al_ nS>Vmo g_wPH|$ godm N>mo{S>Ho$ Ho$db _ÝÌZ²gm| _Z_| nyOm H$[ado_|
AË`ÝV ß`mar hmo` Oog| Xw½Y, ZdZrV Am{X; ò dñVwhþ gÝ_mJ©gm| Cnm{O©V H$ar namÙ Zmht hmo` OmZm|.
^B© hm|`, AÝ`m`, Mmoar Am{Xgm| bmB© JB© Z hm|`; VWm H$moB©H$mo {dZ dñVyZ²_| ""AmXa… n[aM`m©`m_²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&19Ÿ&21Ÿ)
{hñgm Zmht hmo`; VWm Om nXmW©H$mo ~hþV H$mbgm| _ZmoaW hmo` aømo hmo`; Om ""{dZm_ËgodZ§ OZm…'' (Ÿnyd©dV²Ÿ)
nXmW©Ho$ àmßV hmo`dogm| {MÎm_| AmZÝX Amdo-ŸEg| nXmW© ^JdmZ²Hw§$ An©U H$aZ|.
""godmZwaŠV_Zgm_^dmo{n \$ëJw'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.5Ÿ&14Ÿ&44Ÿ)
BZgm| BVa nXmW©Z²H$mo {ZfoY H$[adoHo$ AW© ò H$WZ {H$`mo hoŸ&&236Ÿ&&
BË`m{XH$ dmŠ`Z²_| godm hr _w»` amIr ho. AmJo gmYZ_| nyOm H$[adoH$mo
CnXoe {H$`mo ho Vhm§hþ ^JdmZ²Ho$ g_rn pñWV hmo`Ho$ dó, Ab‘>ma Am{X YmaU
godm _w»`m, ZVw nyOo{V _ÝÌ_mÌnyOmnamo Z ^doX² B{V AmeòZ Amh ñd`§ H$am`doH$s Omo àYmZ godm ho dmH$mo "nyOm'eãXgm| J«hU H$aZmo, doXmoŠV VWm
n[aMaoX² B{V. VÝÌmoŠV nyOmH$mo dhm§ J«hU Zmht ho. dm nyOmH$mo àH$ma VWm \$b godmHo$ àH$ma-
ñd`§ n[aMao X ² ^ŠË`m dóàjmbZm{X{^…Ÿ&& \$bgm| {^ÝZ ho. ja-Ajagm| CÎm_ Omo na~«÷ nwéfmoÎm_ lrH¥$îU h| gmo Ho$db
EH$H$mb§ {ÛH$mb§ dm {ÌH$mb§ dm{n ny O ò V ² Ÿ &&237Ÿ&& ^pŠVgm| hr àmßV hmodo h|.
Y_m©WV© m§ ì`mdV©`{V ^ŠË`m B{V. dóàjmbZ_² A{V~{ha“{_{V VX²Jh« U_². ""Zm`_mË_m àdMZoZ bä`mo Z _oY`m'' (ŸH$R>.Cn.2Ÿ&23Ÿ)
àYmZmd¥Îmm¡ A“m{Z AmdV©ÝVB{V àYmZmd¥{Îm_² Amh EH$H$mb_² B{V. AZoZ ""Zmh§ doX¡Z© Vngm Z XmZoZ Z MoÁ``m'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ11Ÿ&23Ÿ)
~hþH$mb_{n nyOZ§ {Zê${nV_²Ÿ&&237Ÿ&& ""Z amoY`{V _m§ `moJmo Z gm’ç§ Y_© CÕdŸ!,
Z ñdmÜ`m`: VnñË`mJ…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&12Ÿ&1Ÿ)
dóàjmbZm{X{^:Ÿ=Ÿdó YmoZo EH$H$mb§Ÿ=ŸEH$ g_` BË`m{X lw{V-ñ_¥{V-nwamUZ²Ho$ dmŠ`Z²gm| `k, XmZ, nyOm, Vn, `moJ Am{X
BË`m{Xê$n ~{ha“godm {ÛH$mb§Ÿ=ŸXmoŸg_` {OVZ| gmYZ ho CZgm| na~«÷H$s àmpßV Zmht hmo` ho ò ~mV {gÕ hmodo ho.
ñd`§Ÿ=ŸAmnw, ^ŠË`mŸ=Ÿào_gm| dmŸ=ŸAWdm, {ÌH$mb§Ÿ=ŸVrZ g_` ""^ŠË`mh_oH$`m J«mø…'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ11Ÿ&14Ÿ&21Ÿ)
(Ÿ^JdÝV§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²H$m|Ÿ) dmŸ=ŸAWdm, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ ""^ŠË`¡d Vw{ï>_äò{V'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸŸ)
n[aMaoV²Ÿ=Ÿn[aM`m©/godm H$ao nyOòV²Ÿ=Ÿgodm H$ao ""Y_m©Z² g³Ë`Ë`Á` `… gdm©Z²
479 480
_m§ ÔoV² g gÎm_…'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ11Ÿ&11Ÿ&32Ÿ), ^pŠV_mJ©_| Amò OrdZ²Hw§$ Ohm§ Vm§B© ào_Ûmam à^wH$mo A{^àm` {d{XV Zmht hmo`
""Vñ_mV² Ëd_wÕdmoËg¥Á` MmoXZm§ à{VMmoXZ_²'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ11Ÿ&12Ÿ&14Ÿ) Vhm§ Vm§B© {OZ ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ à^wZ²H$mo A{^àm` {d{XV ho, {OZHo$ AmYrZ à^w hmo`
BË`m{X ^JdmZ²Ho$ dmŠ`Z²gm| ^pŠVH$[aH|$ hr nwéfmoÎm_ na~«÷H$s àmpßV aho h| CZHo$ AmMaUZ²Ho$ AZwgma AmMaU H$aZmo M{hò. ""Xodmgwa_Zwîòfw
hmo` ho ò {gÕmÝV ho. Vhm§ "^pŠV'eãX ""Ô² godm`m_²'' YmVwgm| {gÕ hmo` _X²^ŠVmM[aVm{Z M'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ10Ÿ&28Ÿ&1Ÿ) Oogo do godm H$a| dogo hr godm
ho. Vmgm| "^pŠV'Zm_ godmH$mo ho. lw{V-ñ_¥{V-VÝÌZ²_| dm godmH$mo àH$ma H$aZmo M{hò. Vhm§ ñd`§ ewÕ hmo`H|$ VWm godmHo$ gmYZ J¥h-Ðì`m{XH$Z²Hw§$ ewÕ
{XIm`mo ho Ego _mÝ`mo Om` Vmo lw{V-ñ_¥{VHo$ H$ho ^ò AÝ` gmYZZ²gm| H$aHo$ H¥$îUgodm H$aZmo.
na~«÷àmpßVH$mo {ZfoY ho Vog| ^pŠVÛmamhþ na~«÷àmpßVH$mo {ZfoY {gÕ hmo`Jmo. ""Bï>§ XÎm§ Vnmo OßV§ {dÎm§ `ÀMmË_Z… {à`_²,
`{X Ego hr _mZ| Vmo ""^ŠË`mh_oH$`m J«mø…'' (Ÿnyd©dV²Ÿ) BË`m{X dmŠ`Z²_| XmamZ² gwVmZ² J¥hmZ² àmUmZ² `V² nañ_¡ {ZdoXZ_²,
""EH$ ^pŠVÛmam hr _oar àmpßV hmo` ho'' ò {bIr ho Vmgm| {damoY Amdo ho. Vmgm| _{` gÄOm`Vo ^pŠV: CÕdmË_{Zdo{XZm_²''
lw{V-ñ_¥{V-VÝÌZ²_| _w»` ^pŠVH$mo {dYmZ Zmht ho. lrH¥$îUZ|hþ (ŸVÌ¡dŸ11Ÿ&19Ÿ&24Ÿ) BË`m{X ^mJdVHo$ dmŠ`mZwgma ór, nwÌ, Ðì`, Xohm{X
""^pŠV`moJ… nwa¡dmoŠV…'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ11Ÿ&19Ÿ&19Ÿ) g{hV AmË_mHw§$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ AmJ| {ZdoXZ H$[adogm| ò g~ nXmW© ewÕ hmo` Omdo
""VmZm{dXZ² _æ`Zwg“~Õ{Y`… ñd_mË_mZ_XñVWoX_²'' h| ò hr AmË_{ZdoXZH$mo àH$ma lrdëb^mMm`©OrHo$ à{V gmjmV² ^JdmZ²Zo
(ŸVÌ¡dŸ11Ÿ&12Ÿ&12Ÿ) n{dÌm EH$mXerHo$ {XZm§ am{Ì_| Amkm {H$`mo ho dmo lrdëb^mMm`©OrZo
""Ho$dboZ{h ^mdoZ Jmoß`mo Jmd… IJm _¥Jm…'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ11Ÿ&12Ÿ&8Ÿ) "{gÕmÝVahñ`'_| dU©Z {H$`mo ho. {ZdoXZ H$[adogm| g~ nXmW©_|gm| AnZm| gå~ÝY
Xya hmo` Omdo ho. ~«÷gå~ÝYr AWm©V² ""g~ nXmW© ^JdmZ²Ho$ h|'' Egr ~w{Õ hmo`
BË`m{X dmŠ`Z²gm| doX_ÝÌm{X{d{Ygm| a{hV ~«OdmgrZ²H$s ^pŠVHw§$ _w»`
Om` V~ godmH$s `mo½`Vm hmo` ho. Vm nrN>o nyU© ^ŠVZ²Z| Oog| à^wZ²H$s BÀN>mZwgma
amIr ho. Oog| EH$ ñdm_rHo$ Xmo godH$ h|. EH$ godH$ _m{gH$ Ðì` bodoHo$ AW©
godmHo$ H«$_ ~m§Yo h| CZHo$ AZwgma KÊQ>m, e’ZmX Am{Xgm| bo`H|$ e`Z n`©ÝV
Om H$m`©H$s ñdm_r Amkm H$aVmo Omdo ho dm H$m`©Hw§$ dmo H$aVmo Omdo ho. Xygamo
godm H$aZm|. Vhm§ KÊQ>m-e’ZmXm{XH$ doX-VÝÌmZwgma `m _mJ©_| Š`m| hmod| h|Ÿ?
godH$ g~ H$m_Zm N>m§{S>Ho$ ñdm_rH$s godmHw§$ hr na_\$b _m{ZHo$, AmkmH$s
Egr e‘>m Zmht H$aZr. ^Jd{XÀN>mZwgma hr e’ZmXm{X H«$_ AmMm`©Z²Z| ~m§Yo
Anojm Z am{IHo$, ñdm_rH$s A{^bmfmHo$ AZwgma AmJo-gw§-AmJ| ào_nyd©H$ gd©
h|, VÝÌmZwgma Zmht h|. àg“Ÿ:
godm H$ao ho. n{hbo godH$Ho$ g_mZ d¡{XH$-VmpÝÌH$ ^pŠVdmaoHw§$ g_wPZmo. AWm©V²
Oogo-Oogo doX VWm VÝÌ _| ^JdmZ² nyOm H$[adoH$s Amkm H$a| h| dmHo$ AZwgma
dmo godH$ ñdJm©{X AWdm _wpŠV Am{X nXmW©Ho$ AW© nyOm H$aVmo Omdo ho. Xygao àW_ lrZmWOrHo$ `hm§ e’ZmX Zht hmoVo hVo. EH$ {XZ
godH$Ho$ g_mZ A{d{hV ào_bjUm ^pŠV H$[adodmaoHw§$ g_wPZm|. Oogo èmoXmOr lr{dQ²>R>bZmWOrZ| gm§OH$s godm H$[adoHo$ AW© _pÝXaHo$ qH$dmS> Imobo
Am{X Jmon-Jmonr doX-VÝÌm{XH$_| nyOm H$[adoH$s Oogr Amkm ho dmH$s Anojm Z dm g_` lrZmWOrH$mo ~mJm \$Q> aømo hVmo. ò Xo{IH|$ {dMma H$[ado
am{IHo$ lrH¥$îUMÝÐH$s A{^bmfmHo$ AZwgma ñZohgm| godm H$aVo hVo. ewH$XodOrZohþ bmJo. BVZo_| Jmo{dÝXXmgZ| Am`H|$ H$hr ""_hmamOŸ! lrZmWOr í`m_T>mH$nogm|
""Zm`§ gwImnmo ^JdmZ²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.10Ÿ&9Ÿ&21Ÿ) ""Zo_§ {d[a#mmo Z ^dmo'' Hy${XHo$ nYmao dm g_` ~mJm \$Q> J`mo ho. H$Nw> Qy>H$ í`m_T>mH$n| bQ>H$
(ŸVÌ¡dŸ10Ÿ&9Ÿ&20Ÿ) BË`m{X íbmoH$Z²_| {d{hV^pŠV H$[adodmao ~«m÷m{XH$Z²H$s aømo hVmo VmHw§$ bm`mohþ§''.
Anojm ào_bjUm ^pŠV H$[adodmar èmoXmH$s àe§gm H$ar ho. naÝVw ò ^pŠV
Ohm§ Vm§B© ào_ Zmht hmo` VWm à^wZ²Ho$ A{^àm`Hw§$ Zmht OmÝ`m| Om` Vhm§ Vm§B© dm {XZgm| e’ZmX VrZ ~oa H$aZm| Vm nmN>| 10 nb R>h[aHo$ _pÝXaHo$
Zmht ~Z gHo$ ho. Vhm§ Vm§B© doX-VÝÌmZwgma nyOm Adí` H$aVo ahoZmo. `m _w»`
481 482
qH$dmS> ImobZmo Egmo H«$_ àmaå^ ^`mo. `m àH$ma {OVZm| godmH«$_ ho gmo g~ ñdY_m©: Ap½ZhmoÌmX`:. {dY_m©: {Z{fÕm…. Z AÌ eŠË`m B{V, gd©Wm
^JdmZ²H$s A{^bmfmHo$ AZwgma ~§Ü`mo ^`mo ho. CÎm_m{YH$mar OrdHw§$ ahñ`J«ÝWHo$ {Z{fÕ§ Z H$V©ì`_². BpÝÐ`mÊòd Aídm:. EVZ² {ZJ«h: Bï>XoeàmnH$…. EVV² Ì`§
Xo{Idogm| ñ\w$Q> hmo` Omdo ho. Vmgm| ñZohnyd©H$ ñd`§ AnZo hmWZ²gm| lrà^wZ²Ho$ H«$sS>mW©_{n Z ËÒoV²Ÿ&&238Ÿ&&
dó-Obme`no Om`Ho$ YmoZ|, CndZ_|gm| \$b-nwînm{XH$ ë`mdZ|, godmHo$
A{V~{ha“ gmYZHw§$hþ AnZo hmWZ²gw§ H$aZm|. Oog| H¥$ÀN´>m{XH$Z²Ho$ Cndmg H$ï> eŠË`mŸ=ŸepŠV AZwgma {dY_m©V²Ÿ=Ÿ{dY_©gm|
nm`Ho$hþ Y_©àmpßVHo$ AW© H$aZ| nS>o h| `m àH$ma Y_©{g{Õê$n à`moOZ {dMm[aHo$
ñdY_m©MaU§Ÿ=ŸñdY_©H$mo AmMaU {ZdV©Z_²Ÿ=ŸXya ahZmo, MŸ=ŸAmoa
godm Zmht H$aZr. Oogo ór {à`n{VH$s godm ñZohgm| H$ao ho Egr àr{Vnyd©H$ AnZo
Ahmo^m½` g_w{PH|$ àmU{à` à^wZ²H$s godm H$aZt. BpÝÐ`mídŸ-Ÿ{d{ZJ«mh:Ÿ=Ÿ
BpÝÐ`ê$nr AídZ²n| A‘w>e gd©WmŸ=ŸH$moC àH$magm|Ÿ/ŸH$~hþ
gmYZmdñWm_| aho ^ò ^ŠVHw§$ à^yZ²Hw§$ A_wH$ dñVw A“rH$ma H$amZr ò (ŸEVV²Ÿ)Ì`§Ÿ=Ÿò VrZ Z ËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸZmht N>mo‹S>Zo
Ho$g| _mbw_ n‹S> gHo$Ÿ? ò e‘>m Vmo Zmht H$aZr. Š`m|Ho$ {gÕmdñWm ^ò nrN>o Vmo
à^w ñd`§ AZw^d OVmd|Jo. Ohm§ Vm§B© Egmo A{YH$ma Zmht ho Vhm§ Vm§B© ^mdmW© : AnZr epŠVHo$ AZwê$n emómoŠV dUm©l_m{X Y_©Z²H$mo AZwð>mZ H$aZmo,
""`ÀMm@{V{à`_mË_Z…'' (Ÿny d © d V² Ÿ ) ""VÎmZ² {Zdo X ò Z ² _ø_² ' ' {VZH$mo bmon Z H$aZmo. emó{déÕ H$_©Z²V| gd©Wm ~MZmo. Vog|B© nm§M H$_}pÝÐ`,
(ŸVÌ¡dŸ11Ÿ&11Ÿ&42Ÿ) BË`m{X dmŠ`mZwgma Om nXmW©_| AnZr {à` g_wPHo$ BÀN>m nm§M kmZopÝÐ` Aé AÝV:H$aU ò ½`mah Aídê$n h|. gmo BZH$s bJm_ hmW_|
hmo` dm nXmW©Hw§$ à^wH$m| A“rH$ma H$amdZmo. AWm©V² Ohm§ Vm§B© gmjmV² AZw^d Z amIo V~ ò BZno AmamohU H$adodmar OrdmË_mHy§$ nQ>H$ XoV h|. gmo BZ
Zmht hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© ^ŠVHo$ öX`_| pñWV hmo`Ho$ AnZ| A“rH$ma H$[adoHo$ AW© VrÝ`moZ²H$mo Ë`mJ Z H$aZmoŸ&&238Ÿ&&
CZ-CZ nXmW©Z²_| ^ŠVH$s BÀN>m H$amd| h|.
Q>rH$m : {ZË`H$_m©{XH$ ñdY_©Z²Hw§$ godmHo$ A“ g_w{PH|$ {dZH$m| godmHo$ AdH$me_|
àYmZH$s Amd¥{Îm hmo`dogm| dmHo$ A“Z²H$shþ Amd¥{Îm hmo` ho. Vhm§ àYmZŸ=Ÿgodm H$aZmo . ""Y_m} _X² ^ pŠVH¥ $ Ëàmo Š V…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nw a m.11Ÿ&19Ÿ&27Ÿ)
Omo dómb‘>ma-Z¡doÚm{X g_n©Uê$n nyOm ho dmH$s Amd¥{Îm H$aZm|. EH$ H$mb, Xmo ""lo`mo{^{d©{dY¡íMmÝ`¡… H¥$îUo ^pŠV{h© gmÜ`Vo'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ10Ÿ&47Ÿ&24Ÿ)
H$mb AWdm àmV…-_Ü`môZ-gm`§ `m àH$ma {ÌH$mb nyOZ H$aZmo. A{YH$ ñZoh BË`m{XH$Z²_| dUm©l_m{X g~ Y_©Z²Hw§$ lrH¥$îUMÝÐ_| ^pŠV {gÕ hmoòdoHo$ AW©
hmo` Vmo ~hþH$mbhþ nyOZ H$ao. AWm©V² g_`mZwgma ZmZm^m§{VHo$ ì`ÄOZZ²H$m| H$aZo ò ~mV ñnï> {bIr ho. Xoh-Ðì`Ho$ gm_Ï`©Ho$ AZwgma Ap½ZhmoÌm{XH$ Y_©
AZoH$dma A“rH$ma H$amdo. Oog| Om _mVmH$mo nwÌn| ñZoh hmo` ho dmo nwÌHo$ bmbZ- H$aZo. gm_Ï`© hmoVo Ord Zmht Nw>nmdZmo. {dY_© Amoa {Z{fÕY_© H$mo AmMaU
nmofU_| {XZHw§$ ì`VrV H$ao ho, jUâ_| Xya hmoZmo XwI…ê$n g_wPo ho, dm àH$ma H$~hþ Zmht H$aZmo. {Z{fÕ H$m`©Hw§$ gd©Wm Zmht H$aZm|. BpÝÐ`ê$n KmoS>mZ²Hw§$ amoHo$
ào_ßbwV ^ŠV à^wgodmHo$ {d`moJH$m| Xw…Iê$n g_wPo hoŸ&&237Ÿ&& ahZm|. Oog| KmoS>mHw§$ AÝ`Ì amoH$H|$ EH$ _mJ©_| hr Mbm`mo Om` V~ A{^b{fV
Xoe_| bo Om` ho (ŸVog| BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ g“ ~aVmd H$aZm|Ÿ). AWm©V² _hmamOmonMmagm|
AÌ {ZË`H$_m©XrZm_² A“Ëd_² Amh ñdY_m©MaU_² B{V. ^JdËgodm H$ao. nmN>| ^JdmZ²Ho$ àgmXr ZmZmì`ÄOZZ²Hw§$ ^ŠVZ²Hw§$ XoH|$ AnZ|
^moOZ H$aZmo. CZ ì`ÄOZZ²H$§w ""AÚmXmË_{dewXÜ² `W©_'² ' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.6Ÿ&19Ÿ&20Ÿ)
ñdY_m© M aU§ eŠË`m {dY_m© V ² M {ZdV© Z _² Ÿ &&
BË`m{X ^mJdV dMZmZwgma ""ò AmË_ew{Õ H$[adodmamo _hmàgmX ho'' Egr ~w{Õ
BpÝÐ`míd{d{ZJ« m h… gd© W m Z ËÒo V ² Ì`_² Ÿ &&238Ÿ&& amIZr. ""OrôdmH$s àgÝZVmHo$ AW© ^moOZ H$é§hþ§'' Egr ~w{Õ Z amIZr. VWm
483 484
AmJogm| AmN>r gm_J«r à^wZ²H$m| An©U H$[adoHo$ AW© AÀN>o-~wao ì`ÄOZZ²H$s Ego g~{hZ²H$mo n[aË`mJ H$aZmo. Vog|B© ñdY_m©MaU, {dY_©{ZdV©Z AWdm
narjmHo$ AW© g~ gm_J«rZ²H$mo ñdmX boZmo. AnZr Y_©nËZrHo$ gmWhþ BpÝÐ`H$s BpÝÐ`{ZJ«hhþ H$hþ§Ÿ-ŸH$~hþH$ ^JdX²ÔZ_| ~mYH$ ~ZVo hm|` Vmo Y_© VWm Y_u
àgÝZVmHo$ AW© H$^r g“ Zmht H$aZmo {H$ÝVw godm_| {MÎmHo$ CÛoJ H$[adodmao Ho$ VmaVå`H$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ {VZhþH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZmo.
H$m_H$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo$ AW© g“ H$aZm|.
Q>rH$m : VWm nyOm{damo{Y Y_m©{XH$H$mohþ Ë`mJ H$aZmo. `m {df`_| {dMma dU©Z
ò VrZm| H$_© H«$sS>mHo$ AW©hþ H$~hþ Zht N>moS>Zo. AmgpŠV BZ VrZm|Z²H$s H$ao h|. ^JX²ÔZH$mo \$b AMb _moj ho. namonH$mam{X gd© Y_©Z²H$mo \$b
~mY H$[adodmar ho. Omo H$Nw> BZ VrZm|Z²H$mo {damoYr hmo` dmHw§$ erK« N>moS> XoZm|. j`dmao ñdmJm©{XH$ h|. Vmgm| nyOm VWm gd©Y_©Z²H$mo AÝVa Om{ZHo$ nyOmHo$
gm_mÝ` dMZ Y_m©{XH$Z²H$mo CnbjU ho. AWm©V² Y_m©{XH$Ho$ AW©hþ 1.ŸñdY_m©MaU {damo{Y namonH$mam{X Omo Y_© hm|` Vmo CZH$m|hþ N>moS> XoZ|, godmHw§$ N>moS>Ho$ Zmht
2.Ÿ{dY_©gm| {ZdV©Z 3.ŸBpÝÐ`{d{ZJ«h BZ VrZm|Z²H$m| Zmht N>moS>Z|. AÝ`Wm H$aZo, AdH$me_| H$aZoŸ&&239Ÿ&&
namonH$mamW© BpÝÐ`{ZJ«hHo$ Ë`mJH$mo gå^d hmo`JmoŸ&&238Ÿ&&
AÌ _mJ} nyOmgmYZmZm_² AZwd¥Îmm¡ H$maU_² Amh `Wm-`Wm B{V.
g“: Ì`mUm§ ~mYH$…. VV² n[aËÒoX² B{V Amh EV{Ûamo{Y B{V. `Wm-`Wm h[a… H¥ $ îUmo _Zñ`m{deVo {ZOo Ÿ &&
EV{Ûamo { Y `pËH$pÄMV² VÎmw erK« § n[aËÒo V ² Ÿ && VWm-VWm gmYZo f w n[a{Zð>m {ddY© V o Ÿ &&240Ÿ&&
Y_m© X rZm§ VWm Mmñ` VmaVå`§ {dMma`Z² Ÿ &&239Ÿ&& ldU-H$sV©Zm{XZm h[aíMoX² öXò {Z{deVo VXm nyOm gd©Xm {Zd©h{V B{V
gm_mÝ`dMZ§ Y_m©XrZm_² CnbjU_². namW©_{n BpÝÐ`{ZJ«hm^mdgå^dmV². AW©…Ÿ&&240Ÿ&&
nyOm{damo{Y Y_m©{XH$ÝVw Ë`ŠVì`_od B{V AÌ {dMma_² Amh Y_m©XrZm_² B{V.
^JdX²ÔZñ` _moj… \$b§ namonH$mam{X-gd©Y_m©Um_{n j{`îÊdod \$b_². AV… h[a:Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Xw:I h[adodmao Am{deVoŸ=Ÿàdoe H$ao h|
C^`mo: AÝVa§ kmËdm namonH$mam{XY_m© Z H$V©ì`m `{X nyOm{damo{YZmo ^dpÝVŸ&&239Ÿ&&
H¥$îU:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU VWmŸ-ŸVWmŸ=ŸVog|-Vog|
`WmŸ-Ÿ`WmŸ=ŸOog|-Oog| gmYZofwŸ=ŸgmYZZ²_|
`pËH$pÄMX²Ÿ=ŸOmo H$Nw> MŸ=ŸAmoa
{ZOoŸ=ŸAnZo n[a{Zð>mŸ=ŸnyU© {Zð>m
EVX²{damo{Y (ŸMoV²Ÿ)Ÿ=Ÿ`mHo$ Añ`Ÿ=Ÿ`mH$mo(Ÿ^JdØOZñ`Ÿ)
_Z{gŸ=Ÿ_Z_| {ddY©VoŸ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgm| ~‹T>o ho
{damo{Y hm|`, VÎmwŸ=Ÿ{dZH$m| Vmo VmaVå`§Ÿ=ŸD§$M-ZrM,Ÿ{dMma`Z²Ÿ=Ÿ
erK«§Ÿ=ŸPQ>gm|, n[aËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸË`mJo {~Mma H$[aHo$(EVX² ^JdX²ÔZ{damo{Y
^mdmW© : ^pŠVH$s gd©{dY ~mYmZ²H$§y hadodmao h[a VWm ^pŠV^mdH$mo ñdê$nmZÝXgy§
VWmMŸ=ŸAé Y_m©{XH$_{nŸ)erK«§Ÿ=ŸPQ>gm nmofU H$adodmao H¥$îU AnZo _Z_| Oog|Ÿ-ŸOog| A{YH$ àdoe H$aV h| Vog|Ÿ-ŸVog|
Y_m©XrZm§Ÿ=ŸY_© Am{XH$mo n[aËÒoX²Ÿ=ŸË`mJo ^pŠVHo$ gmYZ_| ^ŠVH$s n[a{Zð>m d¥qÕJV hmoV OmV hoŸ&&240Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : {OZ Xoe-H$mb-ì`md¥{Îm-ór-nwéf-J«ÝWm{XH$Z²Ho$ g§J H$[adoV| Q>rH$m : `m _mJ©_| nyOmHo$ gmYZZ²H$s AZwd¥{Îm hmo`do_| H$maU ~Vmd| h| `Wm-`Wm
ñdY_m©MaU, {dY_©{ZdV©Z VWm BpÝÐ`{ZJ«h V| {damo{Y^md öX`_| CnOV hm|` B{V. Oog|-Oog| ldU-H$sV©Zm{XH$Z²gm| öX`_| ^JdmZ²H$mo Amdoe hmo` ho Vog|-
485 486
Vog| àYmZŸ=ŸgodmHo$ gmYZZ²_| lÕm ~T>Vr Mbr Om` ho. AWm©V² ^JdmZ²H$mo O~
nyU© Amdoe hmo` Omdo ho V~ gd©Xm g~ H$mb_| àYmZŸ=ŸgodmH$mo {Zdm©h hmo`do EVV² {gÕçW©_² Cnm`_² Amh gd©Wm VX²JwUmbmn_² B{V.
bJ Om` hoŸ&&240Ÿ&& gd© W m VÒw U mbmn§ Zm_mo À MmaU_o d dmŸ&&
g^m`m_{n Hw $ duV {Z^© ` mo {Z:ñn¥ h g² VV…Ÿ&&242Ÿ&&
AÌ ~mYH$mZm§ {deof_² Amh H¥$îUo gdm©Ë_Ho$ B{V. gd©Wm gd©Ì ^JdXwËH$f©dU©Zo nydm}ŠV§ {gÕç{V. X¡Ë`mZm§ gpÝZYmZo@{n
H¥ $ îUo gdm© Ë _Ho $ {ZË`§ gd© W m XrZ^mdZmŸ&& {Z^©`…. \$bm^mdm` {Zñn¥h: VV: B{VŸ&&242Ÿ&&
Ah‘>ma§ Z Hw $ duV _mZmno j m§ {ddO© ` o V ² Ÿ &&241Ÿ&&
_Z{g ñdñ` XrZVm ^mdZr`m. gdm©{Yð>mZofw gd©bmoHo$fw M `Ì ^JdX²~w{Õ: VV:Ÿ=ŸVmgm| A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
^d{V ~w{ÕíM H$V©ì`m. AÝ`H$V¥©H$mn_mZo@{n Z Ah‘>ma§ Hw$`m©V². ^JdV… gd©WmŸ=Ÿgd© àH$magm| VX²JwUmbmn§Ÿ=ŸdmHo$ JwUZ²H$mo JmZ
gH$memZ² _mZmnojm§ M dO©òV²Ÿ&&241Ÿ&&
{Z^©`:Ÿ=Ÿ^` a{hV dmŸ=ŸAWdm
{Zñn¥h:(^yËdm)Ÿ=Ÿñn¥hmŸa{hVŸhmo`Ho$ Zm_moÀMmaU_²Ÿ=ŸZm_H$mo CÀMma
gdm©Ë_Ho$Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²Ho$ AmË_mê$n XrZVmH$mo ^md H$aZmo
g^m`m_²Ÿ=Ÿg~ OZZ²Ho$ gå_wI Hw$duVŸ=ŸH$ao, EdŸ=Ÿhr
H¥$îUoŸ=ŸH¥$îU_|, Ah‘>ma§Ÿ=ŸA{^_mZ
{ZË`§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZË` Z Hw$duVŸ=ŸZmht H$aZmo
^mdmW© : Vmgm| gd©Wm {Z^©` VWm {Zñn¥h hmo`Ho$ g^m_|hþ ^JdX²JwUmoËH$f©
gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ àH$magm| _mZmnojm§(ŸMŸ)Ÿ=ŸAmoa Kmo{fV H$aZmo AWdm ^JdÝZm_moÀMmaU H$aV ahZmoŸ&&242Ÿ&&
XrZ^mdZm (ŸH$V©ì`mŸ)Ÿ=Ÿ _mZH$s Anojmhþ, {ddO©òV²Ÿ=ŸN>mo‹S>Zr
Q>rH$m : ò {gÕ hmo`doHo$ Cnm`H$mo dU©Z H$ao h|. gXm ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwUZ²H$mo JmZ
^mdmW© : lrH¥$îU gdm}nmXmZ, gdm©Yma VWm gdm©ÝV`m©_r hmo`doV| gdm©Ë_H$ h|. AWdm ^JdmZ²Ho$ Zm_H$mo CÀMmaU g^m_|hþ {Z^©`-{Zñn¥h hmo`Ho$ H$aVo ahZmo.
Vmgm| gd©Xm-gd©Wm-gd©Ì XrZ hmo`Ho$ ahoZmo. H$mhÿH$m| AnZmo Ah‘>ma Z OVmdZmo. AWm©V² g~ {R>H$mZ| ^JdmZ²H$mo CËH$f©dU©Z H$[adogm| nydm}ŠV {gÕ hmo` ho. Vmgm|
Vog|B© ""_| XrZ hmo`Ho$ ahV hm|, Ah‘>mahþ H$aV Zmht VmV| _moH$m| _mZ {_{bdmo Amgwa OrdZ²Ho$ g_rnhþ \$bH$s BÀN>m N>m§{S>Ho$ ^JdmZ²H$mo CËH$f©dU©Z H$aVmo
M{hò'' Egr Anojmhþ Zmht amIZrŸ&&241Ÿ&& ahoŸ&&242Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : A^r àm`… ldU-H$sV©Zm{XH$ H$[adodmaoZ²Ho$ öX`_|hþ ^JdmZ²H$mo Ho$db§ Zm_moÀMmaUmXo… H$Xm{MX² AgmYH$Ëd_{n ^do{X{V _w»`§ gmYZ_²
Amdoe Zmht hmo` ho. òhr H$maU ho Ho$ ldU-H$sV©Zm{XH$ nyao ~Z Zmht gH|$ h|. Amh gmYZ§ na_oV{Õ B{V.
Vmgm| ldU-H$sV©Zm{XHo$ ~mYH$Z²H$mo Ë`mJ dU©Z H$ao h| H¥$îUo gdm©Ë_Ho$ B{V. gmYZ§ na_o V {Õ lr^mJdV_mXamV² Ÿ &&
_Z_| gXm XrZVm amIZr. g~ {R>H$mZ| OS> dñVyZ²_| VWm g~ bmoH$Z²_| g~
nR>Zr`§ à`ËZo Z {Zh} V w H $_² AXå^V…Ÿ&&243Ÿ&&
OrdZ²_| ^JdX²~w{Õ H$aZr. Amoa `{X H$moB© AnZmo An_mZ H$ao VWm{n Ah‘>ma
Zmht H$aZmo. ^JdmZ²gm| AnZr _mZH$s Anojm Zmht amIZrŸ&&241Ÿ&& gd©Xm lr^mJdVH$sV©ZoZ nydm}ŠV§ {gÕç{VŸ&&243Ÿ&&
487 488
""d{•Z¡d Vw g§`wŠV§ MH«$_mXm` d¡îUd…, YmaòV² gd©dUm©Zm§
EVX²Ÿ=Ÿò, {hŸ=Ÿ{ZíM` hr AmXamV²Ÿ=ŸAmXagm| h[agmbmoŠ`H$må``m'' B{V VßV_wÐmYmaU§ H$må`_². ""e’-MH«§$ _¥Xm `ñVw
na§Ÿ=Ÿloð>, gmYZ§Ÿ=ŸCnm` lr^mJdV§Ÿ=Ÿlr^mJdV _hmnwamU Hw$`m©V² VßVm`goZ dm, g eyÐdX² ~{hîH$m`©… gd©ñ_mX² {ÛOH$_©U…'' B{V
ñ_¥{V{damoYíM. ""e’m{X{MôZa{hV… nyOm§ `ñVw g_mMaoV², {Zî\$b§ nyOZ§
{Zh}VwH$_²Ÿ=ŸhoVw {dZm à`ËZoZŸ=Ÿà`ËZ nyd©H$
Vñ` h[aíMm@{n Z Vwî`{V''. AVmo _¥Xm e’-MH«$m{XYmaU§ nyOm“ËdmX² Adí`§
AXå^V:Ÿ=ŸXå^ {dZm nR>Zr`_²Ÿ=ŸnT>Zmo M{hò H$V©ì`_². {ZfoYñVw Ho$dbEd, Z nmfÊS>ËdgånmXH$…. _¥Xm {ZfoY_² CnH«$å`
VßVm`go n`©dgmZdMZmV² M. {H$ÄM, ~«m÷Uñ` YmaU§ {Z{fÕ_², d¡îUdñ` M
^mdmW© : ^pŠV^mdHo$ dY©ZmW© ^JdX²JwUZ²H$mo JmZ VWm ^JdÝZm_moÀMmaU {d{hV_². VÌ ~«m÷UíMoX² d¡îUdmo ^doV², VÌ nydm©V² na~br`ñËdÝ`mòZ dMZ{_{V
V|hþ à_wI gmYZ {Zh}VwH$ (ŸbmoH$monH$ma AWdm nmfÊS> H$[adoHo$ hoVwgm| ZmhtŸ) d¡îUdY_m©ZwgaU§ H$V©ì`_².
AXå^ (ŸCXa§âr H$Wm_| AlwnmVm{XHo$ ^mdwH$VmàXe©ZHo$ Xå^gm| ZmhtŸ),
AmXa^mdgm| {ZË`{Z`_Ho$ à`ËZV| (Ÿ_`m©Xm_mJu` àUmbrdmar Yw§YwH$mar_moMH$ ZM nmfÊS>Ëdgå^d…. ""qH$ nwZa² ~«m÷Um… nwÊ`m:'' (Ÿ^J.JrVm.9Ÿ&33Ÿ)
gßVmh-H$WmHo$ ldUHo$ {Z`_gm| ZmhtŸ!Ÿ) lr^mJdV²H$mo nmR> H$aZmoŸ&&243Ÿ&& B{V dmŠ`mV² à_mU-à_o``mo… à_o`§ ~{bð>_² B{V M doX{Z{fÕXodVmnaËdEd
nmfÊS>Ëd_² B{V pñW{V…. Y_©{damoYmo Z AÌ ~mYH$…. VV: CŠV§ e’MH«$m{XH§$
Ho$db Zm_moÀMmaUm{XH$ H$Xm{MV² gmYH$ Zmht hm|` Vmo _w»` gmYZH$mo dU©Z _¥Xm nyOm“ËdoZ Ym`©_² B{V. VWm VwbgrH$mð>Om _mbm{n Ym`m©. Vñ`m `Ú{n Z
H$a| h| gmYZ§ na_² B{V. {ZË`Ëd§ VWm{n d¡îUdËd»`m{nH$m naånam{gÕm. VXwëb”Zo nmaån`ª ~mÜòVo{V
{ZË`Vwë`m _mbm.
gd©Xm lr^mJdVH$mo H$sV©Z H$[adogw§ nydm}ŠV {gÕ hmo` ho. Vmgm| ò {h na_
gmYZ ho Ho$ H$nQ> N>m§{S>Ho$, H$m_Zm N>m§{S>Ho$, AmXanyd©H$, à`ËZ H$aHo$ {H$ÄM, ""Yma`pÝV Z ò _mbm§ h¡VwH$m… nmn~wÕ`…, ZaH$mZ² Z {ZdV©ÝVo
lr_X²^mJdVOrH$mo nmR> gd©Xm H$aVo ahZm|. BVZo H$WZgm| X½Ym… H«$moYmp½ZZm hao…'' B{V dMZmZ² {ZË`Ëd_{n.
""lÕm§ ^mJdVo emóo {ZÝXm_² AÝ`Ì Mm{n {h''
(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&3Ÿ&26Ÿ) {VbH§$ M, ""XÊS>mH$ma§ bbmQ>o ñ`mV² nÙmH$ma§ Vw dj{g, doUwnÌ{Z^§
""gd©^yVofw _Ý_{V…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&19Ÿ&21Ÿ) ~môdmoa² AÝ`X² XrnmH¥${Va² ^doX²'' B{V {VbH§$ _mbm M `kmondrVdX²
""dMgm _ÒwUoaU_²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&19Ÿ&22Ÿ) d¡îUdËd~moYH$_²Ÿ&&244Ÿ&&
BË`m{X EH$mXeñH$ÝYHo$ dmŠ`Z²H$mo {gÕmÝVdU©Z {H$`moŸ&&243Ÿ&&
eL²>IMH«$m{XH§$Ÿ=ŸeL²>I-MH«$ŸAm{X VwbgrH$mð>OmŸ=ŸVwbgrHo$ H$mð>gm|
AÌ d¡îUd_mJ} doX_mJ©{damoYmo `Ì VZ² Z H$V©ì`_² `{X A{ZË`mo Y_m} _¥XmŸ=Ÿ_mQ>rgy§ ~Zr ^B©, _mbmŸ=Ÿ_mbm
^doV². {ZËò@{n doX{damoY… gmoT>ì`: B{V Amh: eL²>I-MH«$m{XH§$ Ym`©_² B{V. Ym`ªŸ=ŸYmaU H$aZo, VV²Ÿ=Ÿdmo {VbH§$ (ŸMŸ)Ÿ=ŸAé {VbH$
eL² > I-MH« $ m{XH§ $ Ym`ª _¥ X m ny O m“_o d VV² Ÿ && nyOm“_odŸ=ŸgodmHo$ A“^yV {b“_odŸ=Ÿd¡îUdHo$ŸA{Zdm`©Ÿ{M•
Vw b grH$mð>Om _mbm {VbH§ $ {b“_o d VV² Ÿ &&244Ÿ&& (Ÿ^d{VŸ=Ÿhmo` h|Ÿ) VX² (Ÿ^d{VŸ)Ÿ=Ÿhmo` h|
489 490
{H$ÄM, {ÛVr` íbmo H $gm| ~« m ÷UHw § $ e’m{X YmaU {Z{fÕ ho .
^mdmW© : eL²>I, MH«$, JXm, nÙ, Aï>mjam{X _ÝÌZ²H$s _wÐm YmaU H$aZr. gmo ""e’m{X{M•a{hV…'' `m V¥Vr` íbmoH$gy§ d¡îUdHw§$ e’m{X YmaUH$mo {dYmZ
H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h| Omo _wÐmYmaU H$ao {~Zm ^JdËnyOZ {Zî\$b hmoV ho Vmgm| ho. Vhm§ ~«m÷U `{X d¡îUd hmo` Vmo dmHw§$ ""nyd©gm| na ~bdmZ² ho AÝ`Wm
_wÐmYmaU nyOZH$mo A“ ho. Vog|B© VwbgrH$mð>H$s _mbm Aé {VbH$ AnZr na{dYmZ ì`W© hmo`Jmo'' `m Ý`m`Ho$ AZwHy$b d¡îUdY_©Ho$ AZwgma dVm©d H$aZmo
d¡îUdVmH$mo {MôZ ho. Vmgm| d¡îUdËdHo$ AmË_Jm¡adgm| {VbH$_mbmH$mo YmaUhþ `mo½` ho. {ZfoYH$ ñ_¥{V Vmo d¡îUdY_© a{hV Ho$db g§ñH$ma_mÌ dmao ~«m÷U_|
Adí`H$V©ì` hoŸ&&244Ÿ&& M[aVmW© ho.
Q>rH$m : `m d¡îUd_mJ©_| {ZË`gw§ {^ÝZ gH$m_ Y_©Z²_| Ohm§ doX{damoY hmo` dmo Y_© e‘>mŸ: ~«m÷UH$m| d¡îUdY_m©MaU H$[ado_| nmfpÊS>ËdH$mo gå^d hmo`JmoŸ?
Zmht H$aZmo. ^pŠV_mJ©Ho$ {ZË`Y_©Z²_| Vmo doX{damoYhþ g{h boZmo. Oog| dó-
^yfUYmaU VWm Z¡doÚm{XH$ g_n©U Am{X _w»` godm H$[ado_| g³Ü`m- CÎmaŸ: ""qH$ nwZa² ~«m÷Um… nwÊ`m…'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ9Ÿ&33Ÿ) `m JrVmdmŠ`_|
Ap½ZhmoÌm{XH$H$mo H$mb Zmht gmY gHo$ Vmo Egmo doX{damoY g{h boZm|. O~ ~«m÷UH$mo d¡îUdY_©gm| {Z…gÝXoh CÕma hmoZm| {b»`mo ho. à_mU VWm à_o` BZ_|
AdH$me hmo` V~ g³Ü`m=Ap½ZhmoÌm{X H$_© H$aZ|. VmH$mo dU©Z H$a| h| à_o` ~bdmZ² ho. nmIpÊS>nZmo Vmo doX{Z{fÕ Ah©V²-~wÕ Am{X XodVmZ²H$s
e’MH«$m{XH$_² B{V. CnmgZmgm| hmo` ho. Vmgm| {H$VZoH$ d¡{XH$Y_© VWm d¡îUdY_©Z²H$mo nañna {damoY
~mYH$ Zmht ho. Oog| XÎmmÌo`, Xwdm©gm Am{XH$Z²Hw§$ nmfpÊS> Zmht _mZ| h| {H$ÝVw
am_mZwO-_mÜdm{XH$Z²H$o _mJ©gm| `m _mJ©_| ~m{haHo$ àH$ma {df`_| {dbjUVm d¡{XH$ Y_©Z²gm| `moJHo$ Y_©Z²Hw§$ {dbjU _m{ZH|$ g_mYmZ H$a| h| Vog| ^ŠVZ²_|hþ
{XImd| h|. ""dpôZZ¡d Vw g§`wŠV_²'' `m íbmoH$H$mo AW© : Ap½Z g{hV MH«$Hw§$ nmfpÊS>VmH$s gå^mdZm Zmht H$aZr. d¡{XH$Y_©Z²gm| ^JdÕ_©Z²Hw§$ {dbjU _m{ZHo$
boH|$ d¡îUd YmaU H$ao, g~ dU©Z²H$m| ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmbmoŠ`H$s H$m_ZmHo$ AW©. `m g_mYmZ H$aZmo. AV… _¥{ÎmH$mgm| godm“ g_w{PH|$ e’-MH«$m{XH$ _wÐm YmaU
íbmoH$_| VßV_wÐmYmaU H$må` ~Vm`mo ho. ""e’MH«§$ _¥Xm'' `m íbmoH$H$mo H$aZr. VWm VwbgrH$mð>H$s _mbmhþ gd©Xm YmaU H$aZr. `Ú{n {H$VZoH$ dMZgm|
AW©Ÿ: ""e’-MH«$Z²Hw§$ _¥{ÎmH$mgm| AWdm VmVo bmohgm| Omo H$ao ho dmo eyÐHo$ Vwë` {ZË`Vm Zmht ho VWm{n d¡îUdVmH$s OVm`dodmar ho Amoa ""gmYyZm§ g_`íMm{n
gånyU© {ÛOH$_©gm| ~m{ha {ZH$m{gdo `mo½` ho'' `m ñ_¥{VH$mo {damoYhþ ho. à_mU§ doXdX² ^doV²'' `m ~«÷mÊS>nwamUHo$ dMZgm| _hmË_mH$mo AmMaUhþ doX
""e’m{X{M•a{hV…'' `m dmŠ`H$mo AW©Ÿ: ""e’-MH«$m{XH$Z²gm| a{hV Omo nyOm Oogmo hr à_mU ho. VwbgrH$mð>H$s _mbmH$m| gd©Xm YmaU H$aZm| naånamgm|hþ {gÕ
H$a| h| dmH$mo nyOZ {Zî\$b ho. ^JdmZ²hþ Vwï> Zmht hmo` h|''. àW_ íbmoH$_| H$må`Ëd ho. dmH$mo Cëb”Z H$[ado_| naånamH$mo ~mY hmo`. Vmg| _mbmhþ {ZË`H$_©Ho$ Vwë`
VWm {ÛVr` íbmoH$_| {Z{fÕËd {b»`mo ho. {VZgw§ V¥Vr` íbmoH$gm| àmßV ho.
{ZË`ËdH$mo ~mY Zmht hmo` ho. Vmgm| nyOmHo$ A“ g_w{PH|$ _¥{ÎmH$mgm| e’-
MH«$m{XH$Z²H$mo YmaU Adí` H$aZm|. {ZfoY ho gmo Vmo nyOm {dZm Ho$db e’- {H$ÄM, ""Yma`pÝV Z ò _mbm§ ho V w H $m… nmn~w Õ `…,
MH«$m{X YmaUH$mo ho. nyOm“ g_w{PH|$ YmaU H$[adodmaoZ²Hw§$ nmfpÊS>Ëd gånmXH$ ZaH$mZ² Z {ZdV© Ý Vo X½Ym… H« $ mo Y mp½ZZm hao … ''
Zmht ho. _¥{ÎmH$m{XH$Ho$ {ZfoYH$mo CnH«$_ H$aHo$ VßVbmohgm| MH«$m{X YmaU
AW©Ÿ: _mbmHw§$ Oo ZmpñVH$ nmn~w{Õdmao Zmht YmaU H$a| h| do _Zwî` ^JdmZ²Ho$
H$[ado_| n`©dgmZdMZ ho. Vmgm| VßV_wÐm YmaU_| hr {ZfoYH$s àmpßV ho, godm“
H«$moYmp½Zgm| Obo ^ò ZaH$gm| nmN>| Zmht Amd| h|-`m dMZgm| _mbmYmaU {ZË`
g_w{PHo$ _¥{ÎmH$mgm| MH«$m{X YmaUH$mo {ZfoY Zmht ho.
ho.
491 492
{VbH$hþ XÊS>Ho$ AmH$maH$mo bbmQ>n| H$aZm|. H$_bHo$ AmH$maH$mo djñWbn| gßV_rHo$ doYgm| d{O©V H¥$îUmï>_rH$mo d«Vhþ H$aZmo. Vog|B© AÝ` d«Vhþ H$aZo {OZ_|
H$aZm|. d§eHo$ nÌHo$ AmH$maH$mo XmoZm| ~mhþZ²n| H$aZm|. AÝ` {VbH$ XrnH$s lrh[aH$mo H$moD$ CËgd n‹S>Vmo hmo`Ÿ&&245Ÿ&&
Á`mo{VHo$ AmH$madmao H$aZo. Oog| `kmondrV {ÛOËdH$mo OVm`dodmamo ho Eg|
{VbH$-_mbm d¡îUdVmHo$ OVm`dodmao h|Ÿ&&244Ÿ&& Q>rH$m : EH$mXerH$mo d«Vhþ N>ßnZ KS>rHo$ Xe_rH$mo doY a{hV H$aZm| `mo½` ho.
nyd©_| AÝ` àH$magm| d«Vm{XH$ H$aVmo hmo` naÝVw ^JdmÝ_mJ©_| àdoe ^ò nmN>|
EH$mXí`w n dmgm{X H$V© ì `§ do Y d{O© V _² Ÿ && nMnZ KS>r Xe_r hmo` Vmohþ dm EH$mXerH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZmo, Xygao {XZm d«V H$aZm|.
VWm H¥ $ îUmï>_r Mm{n gßV_r do Y d{O© V mŸ&& gy`m}X` ^ò nrN>o gßV_r hmo` Vmo dm OÝ_mï>_rH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZm|. AWm©V² {ÛVr`
AÝ`mÝ`{n VWm Hw $ `m© X ² CËgdmo `Ì d¡ hao … Ÿ&&245Ÿ&& {XZ d«V H$aZm|. Vm_| ""CX`mX² CX`mV² àmoŠVm h[admgad{O©Vm'' BË`m{X
dmŠ` à_mU h|.
EH$mXerd«V§ M fQ²nÄMmeÛoYa{hV§ H$V©ì`_². nyd©_² AÝ`WmH$aUo@{n
^JdÝ_mJ©àdoemZÝVa§ nÄMnÄMmeX²K{Q>H$m Xe_r MoV² VXm EH$mXer Ë`mÁ`m.
OÝ_mï>_r Vw gy`m}X`mZÝVa§ gßV_r MoV² VXm Ë`mÁ`m ""CX`mX² CX`mV² àmoŠVm ^JdÝ_mJ©_| AÝ`hþ am_Zd_r Am{X d«V H$aZo. Z¥qghO`ÝVr d«V CËgd
h[admgad{O©Vm'' B{V dmŠ`mV². hmo` Vmo H$aZmo. Vog| hr dm_ZO`ÝVr d«Vhþ H$aZm|. AWm©V² dm_ZÛmXerHo$ {XZ
H«$_mZwgma dm_ZàmXw^m©dmoËgd H$aZm|. dm {XZ Cndmg H$aZm|. dmHo$ nyd© EH$mXerHo$
{XZ CndmgH$s gm_Ï`© Zmht hmo` Vmo Zmht H$aZm|. ~hþV {dñVmanyd©H$ H$WZ²gm|
AÝ`mÝ`{n am_Zd_rà^¥{V-d«Vm{Z ^JdÝ_mJ} H$V©ì`m{Z. Z¥qghO`ÝVrd«V_²
H$hm à`moOZ hoŸ! CËgd _w»` ho. ^moOZ H$aHo$ CËgd H$[adoH$mo {ZfoY {H$`mo ho.
CËgdíMoV² H$V©ì`_². VWm dm_ZO`³Ë`wËgdH$aUo EH$mXí`m_² CnmofU_² AH¥$Ëdm{n
^moOZ {H$ò nmN>| ^JdmZ²H$mo Amdoe Zmht hmo` ho.
ÛmXí`m_² CnmofU§ H$V©ì`_². qH$ ~hþZm CËgd… àYmZ^yV…. ^wŠËdm M CËgdmo
{Z{fÕ…, ^JdXmdoem^mdmV². Ed§ nyOm_mJ} CËgd`mÌm g{hVm nyOm H$V©ì`m B{V
{Zê${nV_²Ÿ&&245Ÿ&& VmËn`© ò hoŸ: OÝ_mï>_rH$mo Cndmg Vmo Amdí`H$ ho. AÝ` VrZm| O`ÝVrHo$
Cndmg Vmo Xohgm| VWm Ðì`gm| dm {XZ goì`ñdê$nH$mo CËgd H$[adoH$s gm_Ï`©
hmo` Vmo CËgdHo$ A“ g_w{PH|$ H$aZ|. Š`m|Ho$ ^moOZ H$ao nrN>o ^JdXmdoe Zmht
doYd{O©V_²Ÿ=ŸdoYH$mo A§e N>m§{S>Ho$ VWmŸ=ŸVog|hr
hmo` ho. VWm {OZHw§$ nwamUdmŠ`Z²gm| am_, dm_Z, Z¥qghm{XH$Z²_| nyU©nwéfmoÎm_H$s
EH$mXí`wndmgm{XŸ=ŸEH$mX{eHo$ AÝ`m{Z(d«Vm{Z)Ÿ=ŸAÝ` d«Vm{XH$ ñ\y${V© hmo` CZHw§$ Vmo CZH$s O`ÝVr Adí` H$aZr.
Cndmgm{XH$, H$V©ì`§Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, Hw$`m©X²Ÿ=ŸH$aZo Eg| {Xdmbr Am{X nd©, aW`mÌm-ñZmZ`mÌm Am{X `mÌm VWm OÝ_mï>_r
VWmŸ=ŸEg|hr `ÌŸ=ŸOm_| Am{X _hmoËgdZ²Hw§$ EH$mH$s VWm Ðì`-Xohgm| H$[adoH$s gm_Ï`© hmo` Vmo EH$mH$s
gßV_rdoYd{O©VmŸ=ŸgßV_rHo$ doYgm| d¡Ÿ=Ÿ{ZíM` H$aZo. AnZr EH$H$s gm_Ï`© Zmht hmo` Vmo AÝ` Hw$Qw>å~rZ²Ho$ g“ hmo`H|$
a{hV, H¥$îUmï>_rŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU Aï>_r hao:Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$mo _hmamOm{YamOH$s Om àH$ma n[aM`m© hmo` ho dm àH$ma lrH¥$îUH$s godm H$aVo
Mm{n(H$V©ì`m)Ÿ=Ÿhþ H$aZr CËgdmo(^d{V)Ÿ=ŸCËgd hmo` ^ò nd©-`mÌm-_hmoËgdZ²Hw§$ H$aZmoŸ&&245Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : Xe_rHo$ doYgm| a{hV EH$mXerHo$ {XZm Cndmgm{X H$aZ|. Vog|B© Cng§ha{V. EVËgd©_² B{V.
493 494
EVV² gdª à`ËZo Z J¥ h ñWñ` àH$s{V© V _² Ÿ && dm Cnm`Hw§$ AmJ| H$h|Jo. g³³`mgrHw§$ Vmo AmJoH$mo Cnm` H$aZmo hr CÎm_ ho gmo H$hV
AÝò f m§ gå^do Î mw ñ`mV² `Vo : n`© Q >Z§ da_² Ÿ &&246Ÿ&& h| `Vo… n`©Q>Z_² B{V. g³³`mgrHw§$ Vmo n`©Q>Z H$aZm| loð> hoŸ&&246Ÿ&&
J¥hñWñ` EVZ² _w»`_². Ed§ Hw$d©Z² gHw$Qw>å~mo ^JdËgm`wÁ`_² AíZwVo.
~«÷Mm[aà^¥VrZm_{n godH$-gmYZgånÎmm¡ EVV² H$V©ì`_². AÝ`Wm AÝÈd J¥hñWmZm_{n nyOm`m§ nÄMXmofgå^do n`©Q>Z_od loð>_² B{V Amh {djonmX²
Cnm`… H$V©ì`…. V_² AJ«o dú`{V. g³³`m{gZñVw nydm©noj`m@{n A{J«_Ed CÎm_ B{V.
Ed_² B{V Amh `Vo… n`©Q>Z_² B{VŸ&&246Ÿ&& {djo n mX² AWdm eŠË`m à{V~ÝYmX{n Šd{MV² Ÿ &&
AË`mJ« h àdo e o dm nanrS>m{Xgå^do Ÿ &&
gd©_²Ÿ=Ÿg~, EVV²Ÿ=Ÿò gå^doV (ŸVX¡d H$V©ì`_²Ÿ)Ÿ=Ÿ VrW© n `© Q >Z§ lo ð >§ gd} f m§ d{U© Z m§ VWmŸ&&247Ÿ&&
J¥hñWñ`Ÿ=ŸJ«hñWHo${bò gå^d hmo` Vmo hr H$aZm| 1.ŸñdV…àd¥{Îma{hVm{Z BpÝÐ`m{U ~bmX² ^Jd{V `moÁ`_mZm{Z {djon§
à`ËZoZŸ=Ÿà`ËZgm| `Vo:Ÿ=Ÿg³³`mgrHw§$ OZ`pÝV {dJ«hH${e©Vm{Z. 2.ŸOa`m ì`m{Y{â² dm `Xm eŠË`^md…. 3.ŸbmoH$mo
àH$s{V©V_²Ÿ=Ÿ{dñVmagm| H$ømo n`©Q>ZŸ=Ÿ{\$aVo ahZmo dm à{V~ÝY§ Hw$d©pÝV. 4.Ÿñdñ` dm na_ AmJ«h: CËnÚVo òZ V_{g à{dï>mo
AÝòfm§ (Ÿ`{XŸ)Ÿ=ŸAÝ`Z²gm| `{X da§Ÿ=Ÿloð>, ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ho ^JdÝV§ Z ñ_a{V. 5.ŸbmoH$mZm§ dm nrS>m§ Hw$`m©V² -ŸVÌ nyOm Ë`ŠVì`m. VXm
AÝ`Ìm{n VWmËdo naXoeo eyÝ`Xodmbò nyOm {dYo`m. VÌm{n Xmofgå^do VrW©n`©Q>Z§
H$V©ì`_², nmnmZm§ à{V~ÝYH$ê$nmUm§ Zmem`. VXm `Ì¡d JËdm godm gånËñ`Vo
^mdmW© : `hm§ VH$ {X`mo gJamo CnXoe J¥hñW nw{ï>_mJuHo$ Vm§B© {X`mo ho. n[a Omo VÌ¡d godm H$V©ì`m.
nw{ï>_mJu J¥hñW Z hm|` {VZV|hþ eŠ` hmo` Vmo {VZH$m|hþ `mhr à_mU ñdY_m©Zwð>mZ
ñdVÝÌV`m VrWm©Q>ZàH$ma_² Amh gd}fm_² B{V. {dîUw^pŠVàH$maËdmV²
H$aZmo. Omo g³³`mgr nw{ï>_mJu hm|` VmH$m| n`©Q>Z hr loð> hoŸ&&246Ÿ&&
gdm©{YH$ma…Ÿ&&247Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : gm’ç, `moJ, kmZ, H$_© Am{XH$ZH$mo CnXoe Xo`Ho$ AÝV_| CÕdOrHo$
Šd{MX²Ÿ=ŸH$~hþH$ _Z_| AË`mJ«h hmo` Om` Vmo
à{V lrH¥ $ îUZ| ""n¥ W H² $ gÌo U dm _ø§ nd© ` mÌm_hmo Ë gdmZ² ' '
(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&29Ÿ&11Ÿ) `m íbmoH$_| ò hr CnXoe {X`mo ho. Eg| nyOm_mJ© {djonmX²Ÿ=Ÿ{djonHo$ H$maU Šd{MV² nanrS>m{Xgå^doŸ=ŸH$~hþH$
AWm©V² nyOmàYmZ godm_mJ©_| CËgd-`mÌm-nd© g{hV godm H$[adoH$mo Omo {Zê$nU AWdm Šd{MX² AeŠË`mŸ=Ÿ nanrS>m hmo`don|, gd}fm_²
{H$`mo VmH$mo Cng§hma H$ao h|. J¥hñWHw§$ ò godm _w»` ho. Oog| ""gJ¥h… gnew… AWdm H$~hþH$ AepŠVHo$ H$maU (ŸA{nŸ)Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²H$m|
gwdJª bmoH$_o{V'' (Ÿ Ÿ) BË`m{X lyVrZ²_| d¡{XH$H$_© H$[adodmao Ò_mZH$mo ór- Šd{MV² à{V~ÝYmX²Ÿ=Ÿ d{U©Zm§Ÿ=Ÿ~«m÷Um{XH$ dU©dmaoZ²H$m|
nwÌ-new g{hV ñdJ©_| àmßV hmoZm| {b»`mo ho. Vog| nydm©ŠV ar{Vgm| godm H$[adodmamo H$~hþH$ à{V~ÝY AmOm` Vmo VrW©n`©Q>Z§Ÿ=ŸVrW©Z²H$mo n`©Q>Z
^ŠVhþ Hw$Qw>å~ g{hV ^JdmZ²Ho$ gm`wÁ`Hw§$ àmßV hmodo ho.
Šd{MX² AË`mJ«hàdoeoŸ=ŸH$~hþH$ loð>§(Ÿ^d{VŸ)Ÿ=ŸCÎm_ gmYZŸho
~«÷Mmar, {dYdm, drVamJm{XH$Z²Hw§$hþ gmYZgån{Îm hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© Vmo

^mdmW© : H$~hþH$ ^JdX²ÔZ_| ñdVmoé{M Z hmo`donohþ hR>mV² ÔZ H$[adono
godmhr H$aZr M{hò. godmHo$ gmYZ Zmht ~Z gH|$ V~ Vmo AÝ` Cnm` H$aZo.
_mZ{gH$ {djon hmoV ho. AWdm ñdV: é{Merb hmo`donohþ H$~hþH$ amoJm{XOÝ`
495 496
emar[aH$ AepŠVVohþ§ ÔZ XwîH$a ôdo OmV ho, H$~hþH$ Ka ñdV: g_W© hmo`don|hþ AVñVoîdà{VJ«mhr B{V. VrW©àdoe{XdgoVw Cndmg…. A{J«_{Xdgo `{X AÝZ_mÌ_{n
Ka Am{XHo$ ~S>ao ^JdX²ÔZ{damoYr hmo`doV| Vm_| à{V~ÝY H$aV h|. H$~hþH$ ZmpñV VXm VmdÝ_mÌ§ J«mø§, ZVw VVmo A{YH$_². AQ>Zñ` {ZË`ËdmV² Z {MaH$mb§
~S>ao à{V~ÝY Z H$aV hm|` VmoD$ ÔZH$Vm©H$mo Egmo _yT>mJ«h ~§Yr OmV ho Omo pñW{V…. CÀM¡: Zm_g‘>rV©Z§ VÌ A“_². AÝV^©JdËñ_aUÄM.
ÔZ H$aV ^JdmZ²V| {^ÝZ AÝ` g~ H$Ny>H$s gw{Y ahV ho n[a ^JdmZ²H$s Zmht. EH$mH$s {Zñn¥ h … emÝV… n`© Q > o V ² H¥ $ îUVËna…Ÿ&&249Ÿ&&
H$~hþH$ ÔZr` ^JdmZ²H$s gwYrHo$ Amdoe_| ÔZH$Vm©H$mo {ZO ÔZà{H«$`mHo$ Xo h nmVZn`© Ý V_² Aì`J« m Ë_m gXm J{V…Ÿ&&
{dñVmaV| n[admaOZH$m| H$hm nrS>m hmoV ho VmH$s gwYr ahr Z OmV ho. Vmgm| Egr
CÎm_mo Î m__² EV{Õ ny d © _ ² CÎm__² B© [ aV_² Ÿ &&250Ÿ&&
AdñWmZ_| g~{hZ²Ho$ H$mO VrW©n`©Q>ZH$m| hr loð> g_wPZmoŸ&&247Ÿ&&
EH$mH$s n`©Q>oV². Z AÌ ""Z¡H$… ànÚVmÜdmZ_²'' B{V ñ_¥{VXmof…. n{W
^moJmÚWª ñn¥hm Z H$V©ì`m. emÝVíM {MÎmo ^doV².
Q>rH$m : J¥hñWZ²Hw§$hþ godm_| nm§M Xmof h|. do O~ Am` Omd| V~ VrWm©Q>Z H$aZm|
loð> ho. CZ XmofZ²Hw§$ ~Vmd| h|. ñdV… godm_| àd¥Îm Zmht hmo`dodmar BpÝÐ`Z²H$m|
~bmËH$magm| godm_| bJm`r Om§` h| V~ Egr BpÝÐ`| {MÎm_| {djonHw§$ CËnÝZ H$a| Ed_² A{YH$mam^mdo {^ÝZ_² Cnm`§ dú`{VŸ: H¥$îUEd VmËn`ª ZVw VrWm©Xm¡.
h|, ò àW_ Xmof ho. d¥ÕmdñWmgm| AWdm amoJHo$ H$maU godm H$[adoH$s gm_Ï`© XohnmVZn`©ÝV§ M n`©Q>Z_² ""XohmÝVo H¥$VmWm} ^{dî`m{_'' B{V. gXm ewÕíM
Zmht ahZmo ò {ÛVr` Xmof ho. Hw$Qw>å~Ho$ AWdm AÝ` bmoJ godmHw§$ Zmht H$ado X| ^doV². g³Ü`mdÝXZdV² àË`h§ Vñ` J_Z_². Apñ_Z² njo AÝV… H¥$îU… gd©Xm
ò V¥Vr` Xmof ho. AnZo öX`_| ImoQ>mo AmJ«h CËnÝZ hmo` Om` Omgm| AkmZê$n ñ\w$aVr{V CÎm_moÎm_²Ÿ&&248-250Ÿ&&
AÝYH$ma_| Y§ñ`mo ^`mo _Zwî` ^JdmZ²H$mohr ñ_aU Zmht H$a gHo$ ho ò MVwW© Xmof
ho. godm H$[adodmamo AÝ` OrdZ²Hw§$ nrS>m Xo`do bJ Om` ò nm§M_mo Xmof ho. ò nm§M h[aUmŸ=Ÿh[aÛmam hVÌn:Ÿ=Ÿg‘>moM N>m§{S>Ho$
Xmof hm|` Vhm§ godmH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZm|. `{X Ohm§ godm H$ao Vhm§ hr Xmof Am` Omd| `km:Ÿ=Ÿ`k, H¥$Vm:Ÿ=ŸH$ao nR>Z²Ÿ=ŸnmR> H$aVo ^ò
Vmo naXoe_| eyÝ`Xod_pÝXa_| nyOm H$aZr. dhm§hþ XmofH$mo gå^d hmo` Vmo g_m{ZŸ=ŸEH$ g[aIo EH$mH$sŸ=ŸBHo$bo
godmà{V~ÝYH$ nmnZ²Hw§$ Xya H$[adoHo$ AW© VrW©n`©Q>Z H$aZm|. Ohm§ Jògm| godm ~Z
M nwZ:Ÿ=ŸAmoa \o$[a {Zñn¥h:Ÿ=Ÿñn¥hm a{hV
gHo$ dhm§ hr godm H$aZr. VrWm©Q>ZH$s Jm¡UVm Xya H$[adoHo$ AW© ñdVÝÌVmgm|
VrWm©Q>ZH$mo àH$ma {XImdo h|. Oog| {dîUw^pŠV_| gd© Ord A{YH$mar h| Vog| hr VrWm©{Z (ŸH¥$Vm{ZŸ)Ÿ=ŸVrW] hþ emÝV:Ÿ=ŸemÝV hmo`Ho$
VrWm©Q>Zhþ {dîUw^pŠVH$mo àH$ma ho. Vmgm| `m_| g~Z²Hw§$ A{YH$ma hoŸ&&247Ÿ&& (ŸdmHo$ g_mZŸ) H$ao, AV:Ÿ=ŸVmgm| Aì`J«mË_mŸ=Ÿì`J« ^ò {~Zm
VofwŸ=Ÿ{dZ_| gXmJ{V:Ÿ=ŸgVV {\$aVo ^ò
dUm©l_`wŠVmZm_{n dUm©l_Y_£: VrWm©{Z {dH$ëß`ÝV B{V Amh `km: Aà{VJ«mhrŸ=ŸH$Nw> J«hU H$ao {dZm H¥$îUVËna:Ÿ=ŸH¥$îU_| VËna hmo`Ho$
B{V. VX²{XZmV²Ÿ=Ÿdm {XZgy§, {hŸ=Ÿhr XohnmVZn`©ÝV§Ÿ=ŸXoh Ny>{Q> Z Om`
`kmg² VrWm© { Z M nw Z … g_m{Z h[aUm H¥ $ Vm…Ÿ&& A{YH$ñ`Ÿ=ŸA{YH$H$mo dhm§ Vm§B©, n`©Q>oV²Ÿ=Ÿn`©Q>ZŸH$aVmoŸaho
AVg² Vo î dà{VJ« m hr VX² { XZmZ² Zm{YH$ñ` {hŸ&&248Ÿ&& ZŸ=ŸZmht, Zm_m{ZŸ=ŸZm_Z²Hw§$ nyd©_²Ÿ=Ÿn{hbo, CÎm__²Ÿ=ŸCÎm_
hVÌn… nR>Z² {ZË`§ Zm_m{Z M H¥ $ Vm{Z MŸ&& MŸ=ŸAé, g_m{ZŸ=Ÿg[aIo B©[aV§Ÿ=ŸH$ømo (ŸgmYZ_²Ÿ)
^maVo {h `kmZm§ VrWm©Zm§ M Vwë`Vm {Zê${nVm. VÌ AQ>ZàH$ma_² Amh H¥$Vm{Z (ŸB{VŸ)Ÿ=ŸH$ao h| Vmgm| EVX²Ÿ=Ÿò, {hŸ=Ÿhr
497 498
{ZË`§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZË` CÎm_moÎm_§(`V:)Ÿ=ŸCÎm_|hþ CÎm_ XohnmV Zmht hmo` Vhm§ Vm§B© {dMaVmo aho. ""XohnmV ^ò nrN>o _| Adí`
H¥$VmW© hmoD§$Jmo'' Egmo {ZíM` amIZm|. gXm ewÕ ahZm|. g³Ü`m-dÝXZ Oogo {ZË`
^mdmW© : à^w lrh[aZo `k, VrW© Aé AnZo Zm_ g_mZ _mhmËå`dmao ~Zmò h|. {H$`mo Omdo ho Vogo {ZË` hr VrWm©Q>Z H$aVo ahZmo. `m nj_| AÝV…H$aU_| gd©Xm
VmV| `kŸ-ŸVrW©Ÿ-ŸZm_Ÿ-ŸnamÙ ^ŠVH$m| EH$ {XZmV| A{YH$ n[aJ«h H$aZmo Zmht. lrH¥$îU ñ\w$aU hmodo ho. Vmgm| ò nj CÎm_moÎm_ hoŸ&&250Ÿ&&
bÁOm N>m§{S>Ho$ Zm_moÀMmaU H$aZmo. VmV| H$mD$ àH$maH$s ñn¥hm Z amIZr.
EH$mH$s (ŸAWm©V² OZg§J«hmW© `kŸ-ŸVrW©Ÿ-ŸOnH$mo Xå^ Z H$aZmoŸ), emÝV hmo`Ho$ AÌ gå_Ë`Wª ^JdXwŠVíbmoH$Û`_² Amh ""J¥h§...'', ""YZ_²...''
H$mD$ àH$magm| AnZo AmnH$m| ì`J« ~Zmò {~Zm, H$hÿ§ EH$ R>moano pñWa ^ò {~Zm, B{V.
XohnmVn`©ÝV H¥$îUVËna hmoB© n`©Q>Z H$aZmo. ò A~ Omo AmJo H$h|Jo gmo CÎm_moÎm_ J¥ h § gdm© Ë _Zm Ë`mÁ`§ VÀMo V ² Ë`ŠVw § Z eŠ`Vo Ÿ &&
Cnm` ho. A~ bJ Omo Cnm` ~Vm`mo CÎm_ Cnm` hVmo n[a A~ Omo Cnm` H$hr H¥ $ îUmWª VV² à`w Ä OrV H¥ $ îU… g§ g ma_mo M H$…Ÿ&&251Ÿ&&
aho h| gmo CÎm_moÎm_ Cnm` ho. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ ^JdÛMZH$mo à_mU XoV
YZ§ gdm© Ë _Zm Ë`mÁ`§ VÀMo V ² Ë`ŠVw § Z eŠ`Vo Ÿ &&
h|Ÿ&&248-250Ÿ&&
H¥ $ îUmWª VËà`w Ä OrV H¥ $ îUmo @ ZW© ñ ` dmaH$…Ÿ&&252Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : dUm©l_Y_©dmao _Zwî`Z²Ho$ AW©hþ dUm©l_Y_©Z²Ho$ g“ VrW©Z²H$mo {dH$ën
{H$`mo ho. _hm^maV_| VrW© VWm `k H$m| g_mZ {bI| h|. ^JdmZ²Zohþ VrW© H$a| gdm©Ë_ZmŸ=Ÿg~ Vahgy§ YZ§Ÿ=ŸYZHw§$, Ë`wŠVw§Ÿ=ŸN>m§{S>doHw§$
h|. Ë`mÁ`§(A{n)Ÿ=ŸËÒdo `mo½`hþ Z eŠ`VoŸ=ŸepŠV_mZ² Z hmo`
J¥h§Ÿ=ŸKaHw§$, Ë`wŠVw§Ÿ=ŸN>m§{S>doHw§$ MoV²Ÿ=ŸVmo,ŸH¥$îUmWªŸ=ŸH¥$îUHo$ŸAW©
VrW©`mÌmH$mo àH$ma {XImdo h| : VrW©ñWb_| Om {XZm àdoe H$ao Vm {XZm Z eŠ`VoŸ=ŸepŠV_mZ² Z hmo` VV² à`wÄOrVŸ=ŸdmH$mo AmN>r
Cndmg H$aZm|. Xygao {XZm AÝZ_mÌ Zmht hmo` Vmo {OVZo_| CXa â Om` CVZo MoV²Ÿ=ŸVmo, H¥$îUmWªŸ=ŸH¥$îUHo$ AW© ^m§{Vgm|Ÿ{d{Z`moJŸH$ao
hr AÝZH$s `mMZm H$aZr. VrW©_| XmZ Zmht boZmo. {ZË` {dMaVo ahoZm|. ~hþVH$mb VV²Ÿ{Z`wÄOrVŸ=ŸdmH$moŸ{d{Z`moJŸH$ao (Ÿ`V:Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$)H¥$îU:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU
EH$ ñWmZ_| Zmht ahoZmo. D§$Mo ñdagm| g‘>moM N>m§{S>H|$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ Zm_Z²H$mo H$sV©Z (Ÿ`V:Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$Ÿ)H¥$îU:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU (ŸYZJVñ`Ÿ=ŸYZ_| aho ^òŸ)
H$aVo ahZm| VrWm©Q>ZH$mo A“ ho. ^rVa ^JdmZ²H$mo gd©Xm ñ_aU amIZm|Ÿ&&248Ÿ&&
g§gma_moMH$: ApñVŸ=Ÿg§gmagy§ AZW©ñ`Ÿ=ŸAZW©Ho$
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EH$mH$s ahZmo. _mJ©_| BpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ {df`^moJZ²Ho$ AW© ñn¥hm Zmht H$aZr.
Ë`mÁ`§(A{n)Ÿ=ŸËÒdo `mo½`hþ (ŸApñVŸ=Ÿh|Ÿ)
{MÎmHw§$ emÝV amIZmo.
^mdmW© : Ka Vmo gdm©Ë_Zm Ë`mÁ` (ŸV{Odo `mo½`Ÿ) hr hmoV ho n[a VmH$mo Ë`mJ
Omo _Zwî` Egmo A{YH$mar Zmht ho VmHo$ AW© AÝ` Cnm` AmJo Amkm
H$aZmo `{X eŠ` Z hmo` Vmo VmH$mo {d{Z`moJ g§gma_moMH$ H¥$îU_| H$aZmo M{hò.
H$a|J|. lrH¥$îUH$s àmpßV_| VmËn`© ho. VrWm©{XH$Z²_| VmËn`© Zmht ho. Vmgm|
Vog|B© gdm©Ë_Zm Ë`mÁ` YZH$mohþ Ë`mJ eŠ` Z hmo` Vmo dmH$mo à`moJ H¥$îUgodmW©
""lrH¥$îU _moHw§$ H$~ Xe©Z X|J|'' Egr CËH$ÊR>m gXm VrWm©Q>Z H$aVo ~Zmò
H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoV| Omo lrH¥$îU AZW©Ho$ dmaH$ h|Ÿ&&251Ÿ-Ÿ252Ÿ&&
amIZrŸ&&249Ÿ&&
499 500
Vm§B© Am` Om§` Vmo hþ Ì`mUm§Ÿ=ŸVrZ_|gy§
Q>rH$m : `m {df`_| gå_{VHo$ AW© ^JdmZ²Ho$ Amkm {H$ò ^ò Xmo íbmoH$Z²Hw§$ H$ho (Ÿ^mJdV§Ÿ) d¥Î`WªŸ=Ÿ^mJdVHw§$ òZ Ho$Z-A{n(CnmòZ)Ÿ=ŸOm H$moB© ^r
h| J¥h§ gdm©Ë_Zm B{V. AmOr{dH$mHo$ AW© Cnm`gy§
Z EdŸ=ŸZht hr ÔZ²Ÿ=ŸÔZ H$[adogy§
J¥hH$mohþ gdm©Ë_Zm Ë`mJ H$aZm|. `{X Ka Zmht N>moS²çmo Om` Vmo H¥$îUHo$ `wÄOrVŸ=ŸCn`moJ H$aZmo H¥$îU_²Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUHw§$
AW© KaH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$aZm|. H¥$îU g§gmagm| Nw>S>m`dodmao h|. VX^mdoŸ=ŸdmHo$ A^md_| AdmßZw`mV²Ÿ=ŸàmßV H$aoJmo
gdm©Ë_Zm YZH$mo Ë`mJ H$aZm|. `{X dmo YZ Zmht Ë`mJ {H$`mo Om` Vmo ^mdmW© : AWdm ñdJ¥h_| lrH¥$îUgodmhþ {Z^ Z gHo$ Aé VrWm©Q>Zhþ Z ~{Z Amdo
lrH¥$îUHo$ AW© dmH$mo {d{Z`moJ H$aZm|. H¥$îU AZW©Ho$ Xya H$[adodmao h|Ÿ&&251- Vmo {ZaÝVa AmXagm| lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZmo. n[a lr^mJdVHo$ nmR>gm| AÝ`
252Ÿ&& H$moD$ hoVw Ow[a Z Om` dm ~mVH$s AË`ÝV gmdYmZr amIZr. Vhm§ AmOr{dH$mHo$
hoVwgm| Vmo àmU Jbm_| Am` AQ>Ho$ hm|` VmoD$ ^mJdVH$WmV| AnZmo {Zdm©h Z
nydm©{YH$maÛ`m^mdo V¥Vr`§ nj_² Amh AWdm B{V. MbmdZmo. ^mJdVH$WmH$s AmOr{dH$m Z H$[adon| Xygar H$moB© AmOr{dH$m AZwHy$b
AWdm gd© X m emó§ lr^mJdV_² AmXamV² Ÿ && Z naV hmo` Vmo Oogr arVgy§ {Zdm©h MbV hmo` Vog| MbmdZmo n[a Am{O{dH$mW©
nR>Zr`§ à`ËZo Z gd© h o V w { dd{O© V _² Ÿ &&253Ÿ&& ^mJdVH$Wm Zht hr H$aZr. J¥hgodm Aé VrWm©Q>Z Aé ^mJdVnmR> BZ VrZm|
Cnm`Z²_| EH$hþ Cnm` AmN>r Vah {H$òV| ^ŠVH$m| H¥$îUàmpßV hmoV hoŸ&&253Ÿ-
d¥ Î `Wª Z¡ d `w Ä OrV àmU¡ … H$ÊR>JV¡ a {nŸ&&
Ÿ254Ÿ&&
VX^mdo `W¡ d ñ`mV² VWm {Zdm© h _mMao V ² Ÿ &&
Ì`mUm§ òZ Ho$Zm{n ÔZ² H¥$îU_² AdmßZw`mV²Ÿ&&254Ÿ&&
Q>rH$m : nydm}ŠV H$ho XmoC A{YH$ma {OZ_| Zmht h| {dZHo$ AW© V¥Vr` nj H$ho
""~mømä`ÝVaô X o Z ê$no ô X Û`§ _V_² , h| AWdm B{V. g~ H$m_Zm N>m§{S>Ho$ VWm AmXanyd©H$ à`ËZ H$aH|$ gXm
ZmpåZ M¡ H § $ VVg² Ìo Y m ^pŠV_mJm} {Zê${nV…'' lr^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$aZm|. lr^mJdVÛmam AnZr d¥{Îm àmU H$ÊR>_| Mbo Omd|
Ÿ&&253-54Ÿ&& VWm{n Zmht H$aZr. d¥{ÎmHo$ A^md_| Oogo {Zdm©h ~Z gHo$ Vogo {Zdm©h H$aZmo.
naÝVw lr^mJdVH$m| d¥{ÎmHo$ AW© {d{Z`moJ Zmht H$aZm|. ""g ~mømä`ÝVamo
AWdmŸ=ŸAWdm AmXamV²Ÿ=ŸAmXanyd©H$ øO…'' (Ÿ_wÊS>.Cn.2Ÿ&1Ÿ&2Ÿ) BË`m{X lwË`Zwgma ^JdmZ²H$mo EH$ ~mø ê$n ho. dmo
g~ nXmW©Z²Ho$ ~m{ha aho ho. Xygamo AmÝVaê$n ho dmo g~ nXmW©Z²Ho$ ^rVa aho ho.
lr^mJdV§Ÿ=Ÿlr^mJdVnwamUHw§$ gd©XmŸ=Ÿh_|em, gd©hoVw{dd{O©V§Ÿ=Ÿ
Vrgamo AmnH$mo ê$n eãXZ²_| aho ho Vmgm| VrZ àH$magm| ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo dU©Z {H$`mo
emó_²Ÿ=ŸemóHw§$ gd© hoVwgy§ a{hV hmoB©Ho$ hoŸ&&253-54Ÿ&&
à`ËZoZŸ=Ÿà`ËZ nyd©H$ `WmŸ=ŸOogo,EdŸ=Ÿhþ
nR>Zr`§(^d{V)Ÿ=ŸnmR>ŸH$aZmoŸM{hò ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`, VWmŸ=Ÿdogo àn{Îm_mJ©_² Amh OJÝZmWo {dQ²>R>bo M B{V.
H$ÊR>JV¡a{n àmU¡:Ÿ=ŸàmU H$ÊR> {Zdm©h_²ŸAmMaoV²Ÿ=ŸOrdZ{Zdm©hŸH$ao OJÝZmWo {dQ² > R>bo M lra“o do ‘ >Q>o VWmŸ&&
501 502
`Ì ny O màdmh… ñ`mV² VÌ {Vð>o V VËna…Ÿ&&255Ÿ&& AWm©V² ""EH$ _oao hr eaU Amd, XygaoH$mo Aml` _V H$a''. ^JdmZ² Xohm{X
EVZ² _mJ© Û `§ àmo Š V§ J{VgmYZg§ ` w V _² Ÿ && g”mVH$m| godmHo$ AZwHy$b H$a| AWdm AË`ÝV Amgwa g”mV hm|` Vmo g”mVgm|
{dH$ënEd Efm§ ñWmZmZm_². ànÎmm¡ ~«÷móÝ`m`ñ` ~mYH$ËdmV². nyOmàdmhmo Nw>S>m` X| V~ OmZZm| Omo eaUmJ{V {gÕ ^B©. Vm nmN>| godm_| OmH$s é{M hmo`,
^JdËgmpÝZÜ`à~moYH$…Ÿ&&255Ÿ&& ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$n Om{ZdoH$s BÀN>m hmo` VWm ^JdÀN>móZ²_| namÙ aho V~
OmZZm| `mH$mo ò ApÝV_ OÝ_ ho. AWm©V² `mH$mo nwZ: OÝ_ Zmht hmo`Jmo. eaUY_©
{gÕ hm`doHo$ AW© hr H¥$îUml`ñVmoÌ lrAmMm`©MaUZ²Z| àH$Q> {H$`mo ho. eaUmJV
OJÝZmWoŸ=ŸlrOJÝZmWnw[a_| nyOmàdmh:Ÿ=ŸnyOmH$mo àdmh _Zwî`Hw$§ lrOJÝZmWOr, lrnwÊS>arH$, lr{dQ²>R>bZmWOr, lra“ZmWOr, lrd|H$Q>eo Or
{dQ²>R>bŸo =ŸnmÊSw>a“ lr{dQ²>R>bZmWOrHo$ ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`, VÌŸ=Ÿdhm§ BË`m{X ñdê$nZ²Ho$ g_rn ahZm| M{hò. AÝ`hþ H$moB© ^JdÕm_ hm|` Ohm§ gXm
Ym__|, MŸ=ŸAé VËna:Ÿ=ŸnyOm{X namÙ hmo`Ho$ nyOmH$mo àdmh hmo` Vmo dhm§ ahZm| M{hò. nyOmàdmh ho gmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ gpÝZYmZH$m|
lra§JoŸ=Ÿlra“Or_| {Vð>Vo Ÿ=Ÿaho, EVZ²Ÿ=Ÿò OVm`dodmamo ho.
d|H$Q>oŸ=Ÿlrdo‘>Q>_| _mJ©Û`§Ÿ=ŸXmoC _mJ©
VWmŸ=ŸEg|hr J{VgmYZg§`wV§Ÿ=ŸCnm` g{hV `m íbmoH$Ho$ AmdaU^“_| lrnwéfmoÎm_Or _hmamOZ| Egmo H«$_ {b»`mo ho
`ÌŸ=ŸOm ñWmZ_| àmoŠV§Ÿ=ŸH$ho : àW_ Vmo ^JdmZ²H$s H¥$nmHo$ A‘w>aH$mo ñdV… AWdm d¡îUdHo$ g“gm| CX²~moY
hmo` V~ `m _mJ©_| é{M hmo`. Vm nmN>| `m _mJ©_| àdoeH$s BÀN>m hmo`. VËníMmÎm
H¥$nmH$mo A‘w>a ÑT> hmo` V~ ò _mJ© g~ _mJ©gm| CÎm_ XrIo. Vm nmN>| Ûma^yV JwéHo$
^mdmW© : nwéfmoÎm_joÌñW OJXreOr, ^r_m VQ>no n§T>anwa {dR>mo~m, lra§JOr, Ûmam ^JdmZ²Ho$ eaU Amdo. nmN>| gËg“ H$aH|$ lrAmMm`©MaUZ²_| ""ò ^JdmZ²
{Vén{V ~mbmOr Vog|B© Ohm§ d¡îUdr nyOmàUmbr àM{bV hmo` Vhm§ ^JdÝ_y{V©Ho$ h|'' Egr AôX~w{Õ hmo`, VXZÝVa gdm}Îm_ñVmoÌm{XH$Z²H|$ nR>Z²gm| JwéH$s godm
nyOm{X_| VËna hmo`Ho$ ahZmo. Vmgm| Ego d¡{XH$ _mJ© Aé ^pŠV_mJ© H$mo dmŸ-Ÿdm H$aVmo aho. Vm nmN>| ^JdXr`Z²H$mo g“ H$aHo$ nyd©ar{VHo$ AZwgma ^JdmZ²H$s godm
_mJ©no M{bdoHo$ Cnm`Z²Ho$ gmW dU©Z {H$`moŸ&&255Ÿ&& H$aVmo aho. ñd_mJu` J«ÝWZ²Hw§$ gw{Zdo-Xo{Idogm| à{V~ÝYH$ {Zd¥{Îm hm|` V~
Xmof{Zd¥{Îm VWm godmHo$ Cn`moJr JwUZ²H$s àm{á hmo`. Vm nmN>| dma§-dma ^JdËgodmH$s
Q>rH$m : àn{Îm_mJ© AWm©V² eaU_mJ©H$mo dU©Z H$a| h| OJÝZmWo B{V. ""gd©Y_m©Z² Amd¥{Îm H$aVmo aho Vmo gHw$Qw>å~Hw§$ ^JdËàm{á hmo`. CZ Hw$Qw>å~dmaoZ²_|hþ Omo godm_|
n[aË`Á` _m_oH§$ eaU§ d«O'' (Ÿ^J.JrVmŸ18Ÿ&66Ÿ) `m JrVmHo$ íbmoH$_| CXmgrZ ah| AWdm godmH$mo {damoYr hmo` dmHw§$ ^JdËàmpßV Z hmo`. nyd©_| H$ho
gd©Y_©Z²Hw§$ N>m§{S>Ho$ EH$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ hr eaU OmZmo {b»`mo ho. dmhrHo$ AZwgma ^ò nÄMXmofZ²H$s `{X gå^mdZm hmo` Vmo VrWm©Q>Z H$[aHo$ Xmof {Zd¥{Îm H$aZm|.
JwéHo$ Ûmam ^JdmZ²Ho$ eaU OmZmo, \o$ar AÝ`ml` N>m§{S>Ho$ lr^JdmZ²H$mo hr ÑT> Xmof{Zd¥{Îm ^ògm| godm H$ar Om` Vmo ^JdËàmpßV hmo`. godmH$mo AZ{YH$ma hmo`
{dídmg amIZm|. Oog| hZw_mZOrHw§$ ~«÷mógm| amjgZ²Z| ~m§Y XrZ| nmN>| gÝXoh ^`mo Vmo lr^mJdVml` H$aZm|. dm_|hþ A{YH$ma Zmht hmo` Vmo nwéfmoÎm_ghòZm_-
""dmZa ~hþV à~b ho. ~«÷móHw§$ VmoS> S>maoJmo. Vmgm| AÝ` AóZ²gm|hþ ~m§YZm|'' {Ì{dYZm_mdbrH$mo Aml` H$aZm|. CÎm_m{YH$ma_| Vmo VrW©n`©Q>Z loð> ho. dm_|hþ
Eg| {dMm[aHo$ O~ ~«÷móH$mo {dídmg N>m§{S>Ho$ AÝ` AóZ²gm| ~m§Ydo bJo V~ AZ{YH$ma hmo` Vmo eaUmJV hmo`Ho$ ghòZm_m{XH$Z²H$mo nmR> H$aVmo ^`mo Ohm§
hZw_mZOr ~«÷mógm| Ny>{Q> Jò. Eg| hr ^JdmZ²Ho$ Aml`_| gÝXoh H$aHo$ O~ nyOmàdmh hmo` Vhm§ g_rn AWdm Xya pñWV ahZm|. H$ho ^ò àH$maZ²Ho$ AZwgma
AÝ` XodH$mo Aml` {H$`mo Om` ho V~ dmo ^ŠV eaU_mJ©gm| n{VV hmo Om` ho. ~Vm©d H$[adogm| gmYH$ ^ŠV \$bmoÝ_wI hmo` ho VWm \$bH$s àmpßV hmoV ho.
`mhrgm| ""_m_oH§$ eaU_² d«O'' (ŸVÌ¡dŸ) `m dmŠ`_| "EH$_²' nX H$ømo ho. àn{Îm_mJ© AWm©V² eaU_mJ© ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo AZwH$ën ho. Vmgm| ^pŠV_mJ©_| hr
503 504
`mH$mo àdoe ho. && {ejmíbmoH$s Ÿ&&
(24)
`hm§ Vm§B© \$b-gmYZ g{hV d¡{XH$_mJ© VWm ^pŠV_mJ© H$mo {Zê$nU {H$`mo O`{V lrdëb^m`m} O`{V M {dÆ>boída: à^w: lr_mZ²Ÿ&
ho.
nwéfmoÎm_íM V¡íM {Z{X©ï>m nw{ï>nÕ{VO©`{VŸ&&
Ÿ&& B{V lrdëb^mMm`© {da{MV VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYmÝVJ©V gd©{ZU©`_|

lr_hmà^yZ²Ûmam {da{MV BZ {ejmnÚZ²no lrÛm[aHo$eOrH$s ì`m»`mhþ
gmYZàH$aUH$s lrJmoHw$bXmg _wIr`mOr a{MV d«O^mfmQ>rH$m gånyU© ^B© Ÿ&& {_bV ho. Vmgm| H$hþ§Ÿ-ŸH$hþ§ dm ì`m»`mH$mo Ame`hþ J«hU H$aVo ^ò _yb
íbmoH$Z²H$m| `Wm_{V AZwdmX Aé ì`m»`mZ H$aV hm|.
BZ {ejmnÚZ²Ho$ àmH$Q²çH$s dmVm© Ego H$hr OmV ho : "AÝVH$aUà~moY'

J«ÝW_| d{U©V bmoH$JmoMa XohXoen[aË`mJH$s Vrgar ^JdXmkmHo$ níMmV² {dH«$_
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H$[adoH$mo _Z ^`mo. gmo "g³³`mg{ZU©`' J«ÝW_| Cn{Xï> Aï>{dY g³³`mgZ²_| V|
{ÛVr` àH$maH$mo g³³`mgŸ- Omo nmbZ²Ho$ H$mO ñd`§Ho${bò Vmo ñdrH$m`m}. ò
Ÿ
MVwWm©l_ê$n H$_©_mJu` àH$maH$mo g³³`mg ho. EH$mXg ñH$ÝY VWm AÝ`hþ g^r
emódMZ gm| A{déÕ Ego {eImŸ-ŸgyÌHo$ Ë`mJgm| a{hV {ÌXÊS> YmaU H$[adoH$mo
`m g³³`mg_| àH$ma ahV ho. `m g³³`mgHo$ J«hU H$[adoH$s ar{V_| J¥hË`mJmW©
^m`m©kmH$shþ Anojm ~VmB© ho. gmo Vmo H$B© {~[a`m§ _m§{Jdonohþ lr_hmbú_rOrZ|
J¥hË`mJH$s Amkm Xr{Z Zmqh. V~ AmnZ| AnZr {Xì` BÀN>mV| AnZr nU©Hw$Q>r_|
A{¾ àÁd{bV H$s{Z gmo Xo{IHo$ lr_hmbú_rOrZ|hþ§ Amngm| H$ømo ""~m{ha
{ZH$gmo, ~o{J ~m{ha {ZH$gmo''. V~ Vmo J¥hË`mJH$s Amkm {gÕ ^B© _m{ZHo$ Amn
H$aH$-H$m¡{nZ bo`Ho$ Kagm| ~m{ha {ZH${g Jò. nmN>o V| Ap½Zhþ emÝV ôdo J`mo.
\o$[a `Wm{d{Y g³³`mgJ«hU H$[aHo$ Amn Vmo AS>obV| H$mer ZJarHy$ nYm[a Jò.
VmV| bmoH$JmoMa XoeË`mJH$s Amkm Vmo {gÕ ^B© naÝVw bmoH$JmoMa XohË`mJH$s
AmkmHo$ nmbZ H$[adoH$m| AmnZ| _mgn`©ÝV AZeZ {H$`mo Aé nmN>o AmR> {XZm
AmnZ| _m¡ZYmaUhþ H$[a brZmo. V~ AS>obV| lrJmonrZmWOr VWm lrJw§gmB©Orhþ
AnZ| godH$Z² VWm Hw$Qw>å~rOZZ² Ho$ g“ lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ Xe©ZH$m| Vhm§ H$mer
nYmao. Vhm§ g~ZZ| àmW©Zm H$s{Z Omo ""A~ h_mamo H$V©ì` H$hmŸ?'' gmo _m¡Z
YmaU H$[a am»`mohþVmo Vmgm| J“mOrH$s VQ>^y{_no {b{IHo$ gm‹T>o VrZ íbmoH$Z²H$mo
gmYZàH$aU_² Ÿ {ejmíbmoH$s Ÿ
505 506
CnXoe lr_hmà^yZ²Z| AnZ| gwVZ²H$m| VWm godH$Z²H$m| XrZmo. VmV| `m J«ÝWH$m|
"{ejmíbmoH$s'hþ H$hV h|. (Ÿ5Ÿ) godmH$Vm© Ka_| ñd`§ ~‹S>mo hmo` Aé N>moQ>oZ²H$m| à^yZ²_| ^md Z hmo` Vmohþ
godm H$amdo V~ ñdmW© g‘>moM AWdm ^` Ho$ H$maU N>moQ>oZ²H$m| godm_|
Vhm§ `h e‘>m hmoV ho Omo g³³`mg{ZU©` J«ÝW_| Vmo AmnZ| {dahmZw^dH$s Ow{Q>dmo naV ho. Aé V~ do AmÝV[aH$ nrS>mHo$ gmW godm H$aV h|. Vm
{g{ÕHo$ H$mO n[aË`mJH$mo CnXoe {H$`mo ho. gmo àH$ma AmnZ| H$mhoH$mo AZwg`m} H$[a à^yZ²H$m| gwI Zmht hmoV ho. gmo goì` à^yZ²H$m| gwI Z Xo`dodmar
ZmqhŸ? `hm§ `h g_mYmZ OmZZmo Omo ^pŠVHo$ Xmo` nj h|Ÿ: EH$ Vmo godm Aé godm H$[ado H$aV| Z H$[admo C{MV ho.
Xygar H$Wm. "H$Wm' H$hoV| ^JdmZ²Ho$ ê$n-JwU-Zm_-brbmH$mo ldU-H$sV©Z-
ñ_aU H$ømo OmV ho. Vhm§ brbm^mdZm AWdm brbmH$sV©Z Ho$ g“ godm_| VËna Vmgm| BZ ~mYH$Z²H$mo A^md hmo` V~{h godm ho gmo nw{ï>OrdH$mo _w»`
hmo`doV| C^`njH$mo AZwð>mZ {gÕ hmoV ho. VmV| godmnj Vmo _w»` H$ën ho. naÝVw H$V©ì` ~ZV ho. Vmgm| BZ ~mYH$Z²Ho$ gmW ^pŠV^md hmo`donohþ godm Z H$[aHo$
`m _w»` H$ën_|hþ§ nm§M àH$maHo$ ~mYH$ lr_hmà^yZ²Z| {Z~ÝY_| {JZmò h|Ÿ: H$WmnjH$mo J«hU C{MV _mÝ`mo J`mo ho. VmV|hr "^pŠVd{Y©Zr'_| ^pŠVH$s
ì`gZXem {gÕ hmo`dono H$Wmnj_| gånyU© J¥hË`mJH$mo; AWdm {Z~ÝY_| g_`Ÿ-
(Ÿ1Ÿ) bm¡{H$H$ {df`Z²_| amJ-ÛofH$s à~bVmHo$ H$maU BpÝÐ`Z²H$s ^JdËgodm_| Ÿg_`no VrW©`mÌmHo$ ì`mOgm| AënH$m{bH$ J¥hË`mJH$mo hþ àH$ma g_wPm`mo ho. BZ
ghO Aé{M hmodo VmoD$ hR>mV² godm H$[adoHo$ à`mgV| {MÎm_| {djon J¥hË`mJZ²H$o àH$maZ²H$mo ^JdpX²dahmZw^dmW© H$[adoH$mo àH$ma lr_hmà^yZZ² | g_wPm`mo
(ŸIrOŸ-ŸAÝ`_ZñH$VmŸ-ŸCÛoJm{XŸ) àH$Q>o V~ godm N>m§{S> XoZmo C{MV ho. H$mhV|Ÿ? Omo nw{ï>g¥{ï>H$mo ^yVbno àmH$Q>ç ho gmo Vmo lrH¥$îU ñdê$nH$s godmHo$
ho. hoVwhr ho. gmo Om OZ_ df© _mg {XZ, AWdm H¥$nm{Ve` hmo` Vmo, àha KS>r
(Ÿ2Ÿ) ^Jd{XÀN>m {dnarV hmo`doV| AgmÜ` amoJm{XOÝ` emar[aH$ AepŠV- AWdm jU_mÌ ^JdËgodmHo$ {~Zm ~rVo V~ {dah-Vmn Omo Z hmodo Vmo H$Ny>H$
Aj_Vm hmo` Aé hR>mV² godm H$ao V~ H$mo_b ñd^mddmao à^wZ²H$m| Amgwamdoehr OmZZmo. gmo ^pŠVH$s ì`gZmdñWm àmßV H$[adono ^JdËgodmHo$
n[al_ hmoV ho. VmV| godm Z H$[admo AmN>mo. {~Zm {dahVmn Vmo Adí`§^mdr hmoV ho. VmV| Ka_| godm OmV| {Z^Vr Z hmo` VmH$m|
{dahmZw^dmW© n[aË`mJH$mo AmnZo CnXoe Jm¡UH$ënHo$ ê$n_| {X`mo ho. Vhm§
H$V©ì`monXoe J¥hn[aË`mJH$mo ho, {dahmZw^dH$mo Zmht. Aé à`moOZ Vhm§ {dahmZw^d
(Ÿ3Ÿ) Anw{ï>_mJu`Ho$ Ka_| OZ_ hmo`doHo$ H$maU KaHo$ ~S>oZ²H$m| ho, J¥hn[aË`mJ Zmht. H$mhoV| J¥hn[aË`mJ Vmo AZrídadmXr O¡ZŸ-Ÿ~m¡Õhþ H$aV h|
^JdËgodm{damoYr ^md hmo` Vmgm| Ego à{V~ÝY_| godm Z H$[admo n[a CZH$mo n[aË`mJ ^JdX²^pŠV H$mo A“ Zmht ho. Amn ñd`§ Vmo ^JdÛXZmdVma
AmN>mo. H$Wmnj_| Vmo `mH$m| à{V~ÝY {JÝ`mo Zmht ho n[a godmnj_| Aé ^pŠV_mJm©ãO_mV©ÊS> h| gmo ^pŠV_mJ©H$o Jm¡UH$ënH$mo AZwg[adoH$s Amdí`H$Vm
à{V~ÝY hmo`doV| godmH$mo Ë`mJ H$[a Xodmo C{MV ho. H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo AnZ| AmnwH$mo H$hmŸ? VmV| AmnHo$ g³³`mgH$mo àH$ma "g³³`mg{ZU©`' VWm "^pŠVd{Y©Zr'
^JdËgodmHo$ XwamJ«hHo$ H$maU AnZ| goì` à^yZ²H$mo AZmXa AWdm (Ÿg§.{Z.7, ^.d.1,6Ÿ) _| H$ho àH$ma H$mo Z hVmo "gd©{ZU©`-{Z~ÝY' (Ÿ219-
{ZÝXm H$hþ§ Ka_| H$moD$ H$ao Zmqh. 220Ÿ) _| H$ho àH$maH$mohr hVmo.
(Ÿ4Ÿ) godmon`moJr gm_J«rZ²H$m| OwQ>m`doH$mo AË`mJ«hhþ goì` à^yZ²_|V| AnZo gmjmV² ñdê$nH$s godm Omo H$moD$ ñdJ¥h_| ñdVZw{dÎm-n[aOZZ²H$o g_n©UnydH© $
{MÎmH$s VËnaVmH$mo Zme H$[aHo$ Vm_gr d¥{ÎmH$m| ~T>mdV ho. V~ godm H$aVmo hmo` VmH$m| Vmo godm N>m§{S>Ho$ {dà`moJmZw^dmW© H$WmnjH$mo Adbå~Z
H$[ado H$aV| Z H$[admo A{YH$ C{MV hmoV ho. Mbm`Ho$ H$aZmo Vmo ^pŠV_mJu` nmfÊS> ho. ~hmoV godm Ny>{Q> Om` AWdm
{ejmíbmoH$s Ÿ {ejmíbmoH$s Ÿ
507 508
{ZË`H«$__| O~ godmH$mo AZdga hmo` V~ {dahmZw^dmW© H$Wm-ñ_aU njH$mo
^pŠV_mJu` àH$ma nw{ï>_mJu` {gÕmÝV ho VmV|Ÿ- ""Ÿgodm`m§ dm H$Wm`m§ dmŸ'' ^pŠVH$mo nydm©“ _hmËå`kmZH$m| _mÝ`mo ho. Vmgm| _hmËå`kmZHo$ {gÕ
dMZ_| àW_ H$V©ì` VWm CëboI godmH$mo ho. V¡gohrŸ- ""Ÿñ_aU§ ÔZ§ Mm{n ^òV| bmoHo$fUm, {dÎmofUm AWdm ~mø{df`gwIofUm H$mo _mhmËå` ñ\w$aV Zmqh
Z Ë`mÁ`§Ÿ'' dMZ_| AÝV_|hþ AË`mÁ`V`m CëboI Vmo ÔZ AWm©V² godm H$mohr ho VmV| Akm{ZOZ gwb^ ^«_`moJ gå^do Zmht. Aé ^pŠVH$mo CÎmam“Vmo gwÑT>
ho. gd©Vmo@{YH$ ñZohH$m| _mÝ`mo ho. Vm H$[a AmYw{ZH$ emórZ²H$s CXa§ârH$Wm_|
àH$Q> hmoVmo {dà (ŸnmfÊS>Ÿ) `moJ (Ÿ{dÎmmonmO©ZH$mo Cnm`Ÿ) hþ gå^do Zmht. Vmgm|
gmo {dahmZw^dH$m_Zm godmnj_| Vmo gå^do Zmht. H$mhoV|Ÿ? godm H$aV {gÕ hmoV ho Omo lr_hmà^yZ²Z| Om àH$maH$mo g³³`mg J«hU {H$`mo gmo MVwWm©l_ê$n
gmjmV² goì` ñdê$nH$s g§`moJmZw^y{V ñdV… N>m§{S>Ho$ {dà`moJmZw^y{V H$[adoHo$ H$_©_mJu` g³³`mghr hVmo. gmohþ bmoH$JmoMa XohŸ-ŸXoe n[aË`mJH$s ^JdXmkm
H$mO H$moD$ J¥hË`mJ H$ao V~ Vmo ^JdËàmpßVH$s H$m_Zm IpÊS>V ^`r Om{Zò. nmbZ_| AmZwf[“H$ H$_© hVmo. Vmgm|hr "AÝV…H$aUà~moY'Ÿ_| Amn Amkm H$aV
AWdm ^JdÝ_y{V©_| ^JdX²^md IpÊS>V ^`mo Om{Zò. Oog| H$moD$ ào{_H$m AnZ| h|Ÿ:Ÿ""ŸAmk¡d H$m`m© gVV§ ñdm{_Ðmohmo@Ý`Wm ^doV²Ÿ''.
{à`V_V| {~Nw>admo Zmht MmhV ho n[a H$~hþ {d{YdemV² {~Nw>ao Vmo VmH$m|
{dahVmn hmoV ho. n[a H$moD$ ì`{^Mm[aUr AnZ| Omagm| {_bdoH$s AmVwaVm_| O~ `hm§ e‘>m hmo` gHo$ Omo V~ lrh[aamÒrZ| AnZo AZoH$ J«ÝWZ²_| Aé
n{VHo$ naXoeJ_Z²H$mo öX`_| _ZmoaW H$aV hmo`, AWm©V² {~Nw>admo MmhV hmo`, lr_hmà^yZ²Z| "{ZamoYbjU'ŸJ«ÝW_| ""`ÀM Xw…I§ èmoXm`m… ZÝXmXrZm§ M
Vhm§ n{Vào_ IpÊS>V ^`mo V~ Om{Zò. JmoHw$bo Jmo{nH$mZmÝVw `X² Xw…I§ VX² Xw…I§ ñ`mZ² __ Šd{MV'' dMZ_| {dah-
Xw…I H$s Omo H$m_Zm XagmB© VmH$s g“{V H$hm Om{ZòŸ?
Oog| dV©_mZ²H$mb_| H$Nw>H$ ñd_mJu` emór hþ AnZ| _m§Wo {~amOVo ñdê$nH$s
godm N>m§{S>Ho$ R>moa-R>moano ^mJdVgßVmh H$aV h|. BZ ^mJdVH$WmZ²_| H$Wm `hm§ gd©àW_ lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ dMZH$mo A{^àm` ^JdmZ²_| OrdH$mo {ZamoY
H$hV-H$hV H$ÊR>mdamoY Aé AlwnmV H$mo AmS>å~ahþ OVmdV h|. _mZmo ^pŠVH$s Ho$go {gÕ hmo` VmH$s gmYZmHo$ ê$n_| godmHo$ AZdga_| H$moZgr ^mdZm H$aZr
ì`gZXem {gÕ hmo` J`r hmo`Ÿ! n[a dñVwV… AnZo goì`ñdê$n_| Egr na_mgpŠV gmo g_wPmdZmo ho. Vhm§ H$ømo Omo ""Oogo JmoMmaUH$s {~[a`m§ ZÝXèmoXm Aé
{gÕ ^B© hmo` Vmo H$mhoH$m| godm N>m§{S>Ho$ R>moa-R>moa ^Q>{H$dmo M{hòŸ! O~ godm JmonrOZZ² H$m| {dah-Vmn ahVmo Egmo {dahVmn, godmHo$ AZdga_|, _moH$m| H$~
N>m§{S>Ho$ CXaâUmW© R>moa-R>moa ^Q>{H$dmo AmN>mo bmJV ho V~ Vmo ñdê$nmgpŠV hmo`JmoŸ!'' gmo Egmo _ZmoaW OJm`doH$mo CnXoe `m íbmoH$_| ho. `m{h J«ÝWHo$ Xygao
IpÊS>V ^B© Om{Zò, Aé ñdê$nmgpŠVHo$ A^md_| àH$Q> H$ÊR>mdamoY Aé íbmoH$_| ""JmoMmaU H$[aHo$ d«O_| nYmaVo à^yZ²Ho$ H$maU Oogmo godmgwI JmoHw$b_|
AlwnmV H$mohþ _yb H$maU {dà`moJ Z hmoB© nmfÊS>`moJhr hmoV ho. Jmo{nH$m VWm gH$b d«OdmgrZ² H$m| hmoV ho Vogmo gwI _moH$m| ^JdËgodm H$aV
H$~ hmo`JmoŸ!'' `mHo$ _ZmoaW OJm`doH$mohþ CnXoe ho. V|go {h Vrgao íbmoH$_| {OZ
Vmgm| {dà`moJmW© g³³`mg_| H$V©ì`monXoe J¥hr` ^moJdmgZmHo$ Ë`mJmW© ho, nw{ï>^ŠVZ²gm| H$mhþ H$maUgm| ^JdËgodm {Z^Vr Z hmo` {VZH$m| CÕdmJ_ZHo$
Aé à`moOZmonXoe d¡am½`gmYZmH$mo Z hmoB© {dà`moJgmYZmH$mo ho, ""^moJm^md… g_` {~ah-VmnH$s Vrd«Vmde ^JdËH$WmH$mo _hmZ CËgd {gÕ ^`mo V|go
VX¡d {gÕç{V `Xm J¥hn[aË`mJ…''- ""VmÑeñ`m{n gVV§ JohñWmZ§ H$moD$ ^JdXr`Ho$ gmW ^JdËH$WmHo$ gËg“Ho$ gw_hmZ² CËgdHo$ _ZmoaW OJm`doH$mohþ
{dZmeH$_²'' BZ dMZZ²gm|. gmohþ J¥h_| ^JdËgodmHo$ A{Zdm©hH$s Xem_|. VmV| CnXoe ho. BZ VrZ íbmoH$Z²_|Ÿ- "__'Ÿ-Ÿ"_o'Ÿ-Ÿ"_o _Z{g'`m| CÎm_nwéfdMZ²H$mo
^pŠV_mJ©_| `h Jm¡UH$ën ^pŠV_mJm©ãO_mV©ÊS>m`_mZ² lr_hmà^yZ²H$m| Ano{jV à`mo J lr_hmà^y Z ² Z | {H$`mo ho gmo , Oo g o H¥ $ îUml`_|
Zmht ho. ""{ddoH$Y¡`©^ŠË`m{Xa{hVñ`...__'' à`moJ {H$`mo ho gmo ñdm{^àm`H$ Z
509 510
hmoB© {ZOOZm{^àm`H$ ho V|go g_wPZmo. H$mhoV|Ÿ? nw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²H$m| eaUmJ{V
H$aV {~[a`m§ AmnwZr {Z:gmYZVmH$s ^mdZm H$aZr MB©ò VmHo$ CnXoemW© ho, Vhm§ gd©àW_ nw{ï>_mJu` OrdH$m| H$~hþ ~{h_w©I Zmht ~ZZmo MB©ò gmo
V|gho r godmŸ-ŸH$Wmo^`namÙ AWdm Ho$dbH$WmnamÙ nw{ï>^ŠVZ²H$m| Ho$gr ^mdZm H$hV h|Ÿ:
H$[adoV| CZH$s ^pŠV {ZamoYXgmHy§$ àmßV hmoV ho VmHo$ CnXoemW© ho. H$mhoV|Ÿ?
lr_hmà^y Amn ñd`§Ho${bò Vmo ""Ah§ {ZéÕmo amoYoZ {ZamoYnXdtJV:'' Amkm
`Xm ~{h_w © I m: `y ` § ^{dî`W H$WÄMZŸ&&
H$aV h|. VmV| {ZamoYH$s \$bXemH$mo Amn Vmo gd©Xmhr AZw^d H$aV h|. VmV|
{ZamoYH$s gmYZê$nm ^mdZmH$mo _ZmoaW AmnwZ| ñd`§Ho$ H$mO {H$`mo hmo` gmo VXm H$mbàdmhñWm Xo h {MÎmmX`mo @ ß`w V Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
gå^do Zmht. gd© W m ^j{`î`pÝV `w î _mZ² B{V _{Va² __Ÿ&
Aé lrh[aamÒr ^JdËgodmV| A{YH$ {dà`moJH$m| _mZVhþVo Vmo H$mhoV| `XmŸ=ŸO~, `y`§Ÿ=ŸVw_ A{nŸ=Ÿ^r, CVŸ=Ÿ{ZíM`hr
godm N>m§{S>Ho$ Aé g³³`mgJ«hU H$[aHo$ {dà`moJ Z {H$òŸ? VmV| AmnH$mo VmËn`© H$WÄMZŸ=ŸH$moB©^r àH$magy§ `wî_mZ²Ÿ=ŸVw_Hw§$
hþ {ZË`godmHo$ AZdga_|hr {dà`moJH$s na_\$bVmH$m| ñdrH$m[a~mo C{MV ho. ~{h_w©Im:Ÿ=Ÿ~{h_w©I gd©WmŸ=Ÿg~ Vahgy§
^{dî`WŸ=ŸhmoCJo ^j{`î`pÝVŸ=ŸIm` Om§`Jmo
gmo `m {ejmíbmoH$s_| _w»`ËdoZ nm§M CnXoe lr_hmà^yZZ| {Xò h|Ÿ: VXmŸ=ŸV~, H$mbàdmhñWm:Ÿ= B{VŸ=ŸEgmo, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oamo
H$mbàdmh_| aho ^ò _{V:Ÿ=Ÿ_mZZmo
(Ÿ1Ÿ) Omo nw{ï>_mJu` OrdH$m| H$~hþ ~{h_w©I Zmht ~ZZmo MB©ò. Xoh{MÎmmX`:Ÿ=ŸXoh-{MÎm Am{X (ŸApñVŸ=ŸhoŸ)
(Ÿ2Ÿ) Omo nw{ï>_mJu` OrdH$m| AnZo nw{ï>à^wH$s ^pŠV AWdm eaUmJ{Vhþ ^mdmW© : O~ Vw_ H$moD$ àH$maV| ~{h_w©I ~{Z OmAmoJo V~ H$mbHo$ àdmh_|
bmoH$m{W©Vmgm| Zmht H$aZr. ~{hdodmao {Vhmaohr Xoh{MÎmm{X {Vhmamohr ^jU gd©Wm H$[a b|Jo Egmo _oamo _m{Zdmo
(Ÿ_VŸ) ho.
(Ÿ3Ÿ) `m bmoH$_| AWdm nabmoH$_| nw{ï>OrdHo$ gd©ñd Vmo nw{ï>à^w lrH¥$îUhr
hmoV h|. H$mbàdmh Aé ^pŠVàdmh
Q>rH$m : bmoH$_| Omo H$Nw> OS>dñVw CËnÝZ hmoV ho VmH$mo AmO Zmht Vmo H$m{b Zme
(Ÿ4Ÿ) Vmgm| gd©Wm H¥$îUmWu ôdoHo$ gd©^mdgm| H¥$îUgodm H$aZr. Vmo hmoVhr ho. V|gohr Ordg¥{ï>_|hþ Omo OZ_V ho VmH$mo _¥Ë`whþ Adí`§^mdr ho. VmV|
bmoH$_| Omo H$Nw> ì`ŠV AWdm àH$Q> ho gmo H$moC Z H$moC {XZm Aì`ŠV AWdm
(Ÿ5Ÿ) Om nw{ï>OrdH$mo Om_| {hV hmo` Egmo gJamo H$m_ lrJmonrOZdëb^ {Vamo{hV hmo` Om`doHy§$ H$mbHo$ àdmh_| ~{h aømo ho. ò H$mbhþ H$mb-H$_©-
lrH¥$îUhr H$aV h|. H$mb-ñdH$_©-ñd^md-AÝ`Xod AWdm AÝ` ñd^md-àH¥${V-nwéfHo$ _ybê$n Aja~«÷H$mo EH$ gm_Ï`© ho. BZ nÄM{dY
H$mhþH$s H$Ny> gm_Ï`© `hm§ Zmqh ho Egmo {dídmg gd©Xm amIZmo. VÎdZ²gm| K{Q>V ja OJVH$mo CnmXmZ Aja~«÷ ho. Aé O~ H$moD$ àdmhr Ord,
H$mb-H$_©-ñd^md-àH¥${V-nwéfê$n_| ì`ŠV Ego ja OJV²_| Aja~«÷H$mo
511 512
ImoOV Zmqh V~ VmH$m| H$mbàdmh_| ~ømo OmVmo Om{Zò. gmo H$mbàdmh_|
ì`ŠVgm| g~ H$Nw> Aì`ŠV Aé Aì`ŠV ôdo nw{Z-nw{Z ja OJV²_| ì`ŠV hmoV Vmgm| ^ŠV Vmo jaŸ-Ÿì`ŠV OJVHo$ CnmXmZ ^yV Aja Aì`ŠVHo$ Ym__|
ahV ho. n[a Omo kmZr Aja~«÷H$m| àmßV H$[a boV ho gmo ja ì`ŠVgm| Ny>{Q>Ho$ {ZË` {dhma H$[adodmao {Xì`Ÿ-Ÿì`pŠV Ego nwéfmoÎm_H$mo Adbå~Z àmßV H$[aHo$
Aja Aì`ŠVVmH$m| àmßV H$[a boV ho. OÝ_-ì`m{Y-Oam-_¥Ë`w_b y H$ emoH$-_mohdmao {df`mZÝXV|; Aé AO-Aì`m{Y-
AOa-A_a n[a Ho$db emÝVagmË_H$ ~«÷mZÝXV|hþ, ~{MHo$ {Xì`-brbm-
Oog| gyaOH$s Yyn AWdm à^m_ÊS>b gyaO Ho$ Mmam| Amoa ì`m{n ahV hoŸ- {dJ«hdmao gd©agmË_H$ nwéfmoÎm_mZÝXH$m| àmßV H$[a gH$V ho.
Oog| nwînH$s gwJÝY CndZ_| Mmam| Amoa ì`m{n ahV ho, V|go nyU© nwéfmoÎm_ {Xì`
ZamH¥${V lrH¥$îUHo$ Mmam| Amoa nyU© nwéfmoÎm_H$s Y_©ê$n An[apÀN>ÝZ gÎmm, VmV| {df`mZÝX Vmo H$mbH$s g[aVmHo$ àdmh_| àH$Q> hmo`dodmao emoH$-
MoVZm Aé AmZÝX Hy§$ "Aja~«÷' H$hV h|. VmV| Aja~«÷, `m{h OJV²H$mo _mohHo$ AmdV©Z_| OrdH$m| \§$gm{`Ho$ Sw>~mo` XoV ho. ~«÷mZÝX Vmo Egmo Om{Zò Omo
"CnmXmZ²H$maU'hþ H$ømo OmV ho, gmo nyU© nwéfmoÎm_H$mo Y_©ê$n ho Aé Ym_ê$nhþ Ob_| Sw>{~ Om`doHo$ S>aV| H$moD$ ObHo$ g_rn Z OmV hmo` Vmo VmH$m| lmn AWdm
ho. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo Cn{ZfX²_| H$ømo J`mo ho Omo ""na_mË_m AnZr _{h_m_| daXmZ Xo`Ho$ H$moB© Obê$nhr ~Zm` XoŸ! gmo Ob Vmo Ob_| Sw>~o Zmht n[a ObH$m|
AdpñWV ho, AÝ`Ì H$hþ§ Zmht''. VmV| kmZ_mJu nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ Aì`ŠV Ym_H$m| ObnmZ²H$mo gÝVmof Aé ObñZmZV| àmßV ñdÀN>Vm-ewÕVm Aé Ob{dhmaH$s
àmßV H$aV h| Aé ^pŠV_mJu AjaYm__| {~amO_mZ Ym_r nwéfmoÎm_H$m| àmßV àgÝZVm H$mo bm^hþ Vmo {_{b gH$V ZmhtŸ! VmV| ^ŠVH${d X`mam_^mB© H$hV
H$aV h|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ `h OmZZmo Omo kmZrH$m| nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ Ho$db _mhmËå`H$mo h| : ""ObZo emo ObZmo ñdmX OZ OwXmo a{h nm_| AmôbmX. godmo lrH¥$îU
gmjmËH$ma hmoV ho. Oog| H$ñVwar_¥JH$m| H$ñVwarH$s gwJÝY Vmo {_bV ho n[a H¥$nmiŸ!''
H$ñVwar {_br gH$V Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo H$ñVwar_¥J Aé H$ñVwar Ho$ ~rM
AmË`pÝVH$ AôX^md hmo`doV|. Aé H$moD$ órŸ-Ÿnwéf AnZ| dóno AWdm A“n|
VmV| {df`mZÝXrHo$ XohopÝÐ`m{X H$mbàdmhHo$ emoH$-_mohHo$ AmdV©Z_| àdmhr
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OrdZ²H$m| Sw>~mo` XoV h|. ~«÷mZÝXr VmV| S>[aHo$ Xohpo ÝÐ`m{XH$Z²H$m| N>m{§ S>H$o Aja~«÷Ho$
gwJÝY Vmo Amdo. gwJÝYr AÎma bJm` H$moD$ Ka_| àdoe H$ao V~ H$mhþHy$ ^«_Umhþ
EoH$mËå`_| Xw~{H$ OmV ho. n[a ^pŠVH$s g[aVm Vmo H¥$nm{gÝYwHo$ na_mZÝXH$s
ôdo OmV ho _mZm| gwJÝYr nwîn Ka_| Amò hm|`Ÿ! n[a Egr ^«_UmHo$ H$maU nwînH$s
bharZ²H$mo Abm¡{H$H$ gwI XohopÝÐ`m{XH$Z²gm| {Xdm`don|hþ§ H$~hþ Sw>~modV Zmht.
àmpßV hmoV Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? gmo nwînH$s H¥${Ì_ gwJÝY YmaU H$[adodmao nwéf
VmV| lr_hmà^w Amkm H$aV h|Ÿ- Omo ^pŠV^mdny[aV ^JdËg_{n©V {df`Z²H$mo
Aé Vm gwJÝYH$m| ghO YmaU H$[adodmao nwîn Ho$ ~rM AmË`pÝVH$ ôX hmoV ho.
àgmXJ«hUê$n Abm¡{H$H$ Cn^moJH$m| N>m§{S>Ho$ H$moD$ ñd_mJu` Ord O~ Ag_{n©V
V|go {h AkmZr àdmhr OrdZ²H$m|hþ dm ^y_m-na_mZÝXH$s H¥${Ì_ Aé jwÐ
{df`Z²Ho$ Cn^moJ_| \§${g OmV ho V~Ÿ- dmo Ord emó_`m©XmV|hþ MyŠ`mo Aé
_mÌmdmao {df`gwI_| H$~hþ na_mZÝXH$s CnbpãY hmo` gH$V Zmht. Oog| Jwbm~_|
nw{ï>^pŠVV|hþ a{hV ^`mo. gmo dm OrdHo$ XohopÝÐ`m{XH$hr H$mbàdmh_| OrdH$m|
\y$bHo$ emoIrZH$mo gwJÝYr Jwbm~H$mo \y$b {_{bdon| nwîn Aé gwJÝY AWm©V² Y_u
~hmBHo$ emoH$Ÿ-Ÿ_mohHo$ AmdV©Z_| \§$gm{`Ho$ dmH$mo gd©Zme H$[a XoV h|. VmV|
Aé Y_© XmoD$ {_{b OmV h| V|go ^ŠVZ²H$m| _mhmËå`kmZ²Ho$ VWm gwÑT> gd©Vmo{YH$
nw{ï>OrdH$m| H$~hþ ~{h_w©I OrdZ²H$s Zm§B© ^pŠV^mda{hV hmoZmo Z M{hò.
ñZohHo$ ~bgm| AjaYm_ VWm Ym_r nwéfmoÎm_ C^`H$s àmßV ôdo OmV ho. Vhm§
_mhmËå`kmZ²Ho$ ~bV| O~ AôX ñ\w$aVmo hmo` Vmo gwÑT> ñZohHo$ ~bV| ôXhþ ñ\w$aV
ho Aé gwÑT> ñZohHo$ ~bV| AôX ñ\w$aVmo hmo` Vmo _mhmËå`kmZ²Ho$ ~bV| ôXhþ Vhm§ ò e‘>m hmoV ho Omo AnZmo _maJ Vmo à_o`~bH$mo _maJ ho Aé {d{Y-
ñ\w$aV ho. Vmgm| ^pŠV_| ôXg{hîUw AôX dmamo VmXmËå` ñ\w$aV ho. {ZfoYH$mo à_mU~b à_o`Ho$ AmJo Vmo {Q>H$ gH$V Zmqh. VmV| nw{ï>_maJ_| nw{ï>à^wgm|
gå~ÝY Owao nmN>o H$mbH$s H$hm gm_Ï`© Omo nw{ï>à^yZ²V| Nw>S>m`Ho$ A“rH¥$V
513 514
{ZOOZH$mo Zme H$[a gHo$Ÿ! godm\$bhþ_| ""\$b§ dm ø{YH$mamo dm Z H$mbmo@Ì hoŸ-
{Z`m_H$:'' V|go {h gd©{ZU©`{Z~ÝYhþ_| ""AÌm{n doX{ZÝXm`m_² AY_©- ""gmo Vmo ^moJ lrR>mHw$aOr AmnhrHo$ Ðì`H$mo AmamoJo gmo Amnhr
H$aUmV² VWm, ZaHo$ Z ^doV² nmV:'' H$ømo ho. VmV| H$mbH$s H$Nw> gm_Ï`© `m H$mo ^`mo. Omo lrR>mHw$aOrH$mo Ðì` ImòJmo gmo _oamo Zmht Aé _oamo
à_o`_maJ_| gå^do Zmht. godH$ ^JdXr` hmo`Jmo gmo XodÐì` H$~hþ Z Im`Jmo. Omo Im`Jmo
gmo _hmn{VV hmo`Jmo. VmV| dm àgmX_|V| ^moOZ H$[adoH$mo AnZmo
`m e‘>mH$mo g_mYmZ Ego Om{Zò Omo lr_hmà^yZ²H$s AmkmZwgma ^pŠV_maJno A{YH$ma Z hVmo. dmHo${bò JmoAZ²H$m| Idm`mo Aé ~À`mo gmo
MbV H$moD$ nw{ï>OrdV| AkmZde AWdm à_mXde H$Nw> emó{déÕ H¥$Ë` ôdo lrO_w Z mOr_| nYam`mo ' '.
Om` VmH$m| hrZ`mo{Z Vmo {_bo n[a ZaH$nmV Z hmo`. V|go {h godm\$bHo$ dMZH$mo
A{^àm`hþ `m| OmZZmo Omo Abm¡{H$H$ gm_Ï`©H$s AWdm gm`wÁ`Ÿ-Ÿgodmon`mo{JXohH$s Vmgm| ^JdËgodmW© Omo {~ÝXwg¥{ï> Ho$ OKÝ`H$moQ>rHo$ ñd_mJu bmoH$mWu
àmpßV_| H$mbH$s {Z`m_H$Vm Zmqh. n[a `m {h godm\$b J«ÝW_| ^moJ, CÛoJ Aé ~hþYm ZmXg¥{ï>H$m| {dÎmOm godm H$[adoH$s Amkm H$aV h| Aé ZmXg¥{ï> Ho$hþ Xw^m©Jr
à{V~ÝY H$m| godm\$bH$s àmpßV_| ~mYH$ Vmo _mZ| {h ho. Vmgm| à_o`~bHo$ âmogo bmoH$mWu Ord VZwOmgodm H$am`doH$m| {dÎmOm godm H$aV h| {VZH$m| lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$
H$moD$ `m _maJ_| ñdÀN>ÝXVm ~a{Vdmo Mmho Vmohþ H$Nw> hm{Z Zmht Ego Z _m{Zò. _mJ©_| _hmn{VV ~{h_w©I H$[a OmZZ|. ò àW_ àH$ma ^`mo ~{h_w©IVmH$mo.
gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ `h OmZZmo Omo AmË_g_n©U ^òV| {OZ nÄM{dY XmofZ²H$s
godm_| ~mYH$Vm {Zd¥Îm hmoV ho Vm AmË_g_n©UH$s B{VH$V©ì`Vm_| gm{_^wŠVH$mo
Vog| {h "nw{ï>àdmh_`m©Xm' J«ÝW_| lr_hmà^yZ²Z| g_wPm`mo ho Omo nw{ï>OrdH$m|
g_n©U Aé Ag_{n©VH$mo Cn^moJ d{O©V _mÝ`mo ho. Vmgm| gm{_^wŠVHo$ g_n©U
bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$ H$nQ>gm| {Z^mZ| Aé d¡îUdr ^pŠV {ZîH$nQ> ghOVmgm| {Z^mZr.
Aé Ag_{n©VHo$ Cn^moJ {H$òV| g_n©U {h nyU© Z ^`mo Om{Zò. V~ OrdH$mohþ
`mgm| {déÕ Om`Ho$ H$moD$ bmoHo$fUm AWdm {dÎmofUm AWdm {eîòfUm gy§
A“rH$ma ^`mo Z Om{Zò. V~ H$mbH$m| Ego OrdH$mo ^jU H$[ado_| H$hm ~mYm
der^yV hmo`Ho$ AnZo goì`à^yZ²Ho$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o _ZmoaW OZVmH$m| {XIm`doH$mo H$aV
n[a gHo$Ÿ?
hmo` V~ bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$ Vmo {Zb©ÁOŸ-Ÿ{ZîH$nQ> {H$`mo Om{Zò n[a d¡îUd ^pŠV
Vmo H$nQ>V| {gÕ ^`r Om{Z`mo. gmo òhþ ~{h_w©IVmH$mo Xygamo àH$ma ho.
H$WÄMZ
Vmgm| `m _maJ_| lr_hmà^w VWm lrà^wMaU H$s AmkmZ²H$mo Omo Om{Z- V|go {h "{gÕmÝVahñ`' J«ÝW_| lr_hmà^yZZ² | Amkm H$s{Z ho Omo ""{Zdo{X{^:
~y{PHo$ Cëb§KZ H$aV ho VmH$m| JwéÐmohr, _mJ©Ðmohr VWm ^JdX²Ðmohr OmZZmo. Aé g_ß`£d gdª Hw$`m©X² B{V pñW{V:'' Aé ""godH$mZm§ `Wm bmoHo$ ì`dhma:
VrÝ`m|Z²H$mo Omo Ðmoh H$aV ho gmo Vmo AmË_Ðmoh {h H$aV ho. à{gÕç{V, VWm H$m`ª g_ß`£d''. Vmgm| {Zdo{XV gd©g_n©UmpË_H$m godmHo$
H$mO ~«÷gå~ÝY {X`moŸ-Ÿ{b`mo M{hò. n[a OmH$s godm_| Egr é{M AWdm
Vmgm| {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr_| H$hr J`r ar{Vgm| {déÕ O~ H$moD$ ZmXg¥{ï>H$mo gm_Ï`© Z hmo` VmH$m|hþ AmË_{ZdoXZH$s Xrjm Xo`don| AZ{YH$marH$m| _ÝÌXmZ
AWdm {~ÝXwg¥{ï>H$mo ñd_mJu Ho$db VZwOm godm AWdm Ho$db {dÎmOm godm H$aV H$[adoê$n Zm_{dH«$`mnamY hmoV ho. gmo Ego _ÝÌH«o$Vm Aé _ÝÌ{dH«o$Vm XmoZm|Z²H$m|
hmo` Vmo VmH$mo AY:nmV {ZpíMV Om{Zò. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ `h g_PZmo Omo ~{h_w©I Om{Zò. ò Vrgao àH$maH$s ~{h_w©IVm ho.
VZw{dÎmOm godmH$mo VZwOm Aé {dÎmOm godm_| {d^mOZ {H$òV| XodÐì`V|
^JdËgodmH$mo àH$ma ì`mnmaY§Ym H$s Ý`m§B© MbV ho. VmV| XodbH$Vm, XodÐì`mnhma V|gohr "ZdaËZ'Ho$ àH$me_| lrà^wMaU ñnï> Amkm H$aV h|Ÿ- ""XmZo {h
Aé XodÐì`mon^moJ H$mo AnamY bmJV ho. gmo lr_hmà^yZ²Z| ñnï> Amkm H$sZr
515 516
Z ñd{Z`moJ: ZVw {ZdoXZo'' AWm©V² AnZ| goì` à^yZ²H$m| ñd`§ godmH$Vm© AWdm h| AÝ` XodZ²H$s eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pŠV V| lrH¥$îUH$s eaUmJ{V VWm ^pŠV
AÝ` H$mhþZo Omo H$Nw> godmon`mJr AÝZ-dó-Am^yfU Am{X dñVw AWdm Ðì` H$s ^mdZm {e{Wb hmoV ho. gmo VmHo$ {e{Wb ^ò nmN>o {ddoH$ Aé Y¡`© ah| Vmo
XmZ qH$dm ôQ> ê$noU Xr{Z hmo` VmH$mo, ^JdËàgmXH$mo ~hmZmo H$[aHo$, AmnwZ| H$hm bm^ AWdm Jò Vmo H$hm hm{Z, `m _maJ_| {ddoH$ Aé Y¡`© H$s Omo H$Nw>
Cn^moJ_| bmdZr Zmht. VmV| "{gÕmÝVahñ`'_|Ÿ- ""XÎmmnhmadMZ§ VWmM Amdí`H$Vm ho gmo eaUmJ{V Aé ^pŠV H$s ajmHo$ {bò. gmo Oog| ZoÌ hmo`dono
gH$b§ hao:, Z J«mø_² B{V dmŠ`§ {h {^ÝZ_mJ©na§ _V_²'' dMZH$mohþ H$Ny>H$ AmN>mo XrIo VmH$[a CnZoÌ (ŸMí_mŸ) H$s Anojm ahV ho n[a Am§Yao ^ò nrN>o Vmo
ñdmWm©ÝY ñd_mJu Egmo AW© H$aV h| Omo `m _maJ_| Vmo XmZH$mo àH$ma ho hr Zmht. AmnwZmo AÝYËd AmoaZ²H$m| Xrgo Zmqh. VmV| hao Mí_m H$moD$ nhaV h|. n[a Mmb-
gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ D$na H$ømo dMZ H${h gwZmdV h|. naÝVw AmË_{ZdoXZmZÝVahþ T>mbV| H$moZ Z Om{Z OmV ho Omo Mí_m Vmo n{hadodmaoH$s Am§Yar Am§I H$moD$ XoI
Omo H$Nw> AnZo à^yZ²H$m| AnZ² AWdm AÝ` H$moD$ H$Ny> ôQ> Yao gmo Vmo g_n©U Z nmdo VmHo$ H$mO n{har amIo h|, Mí_m H$Nw> Xo{IdoHo$ Zmqh h|. Vmgm|
Zmqh, VmH$m| Vmo XmZhr g_PZmo M{hò. AÝ`Wm H$moD$ d¡îUd H$Ny> dñVw AWdm AÝ`ml`H$mo AnamYhþ lrH¥$îUeaUmJV AWdm lrH¥$îU^ŠV nw{ï>_mJu`Ho${bò
Ðì` Jmoñdm{_~mbH$Z²H$m|hþ JwéôQ>Ho$ ê$n_| Y[aHo$ ""{Zdo{X{^: g_ß`£d gdª Vmo ~{h_w©IVmH$mohr nm§M_mo àH$ma Om{Zò.
Hw$`m©X²'' H${hHo$ H$mho nmN>o bo` gH$V ZmqhŸ? gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ Cpëb{IV
dMZŸ- ""XÎmmnhmadMZ§... Z J«mø{_{V {^ÝZ_mJ©na§ _V§'' H$mhoV| à_mU Vog|hr MVw:íbmoH$s_| lr_hmà^wZ| CnXoe {X`mo ho Omo AnZo goì` à^wH$m|
Zmqh ~ZmoJoŸ? Abm¡{H$H$ {Z{Y _m{Z d«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ gd©{dY^mdZ²gm| ^{Odmo M{hò. Vhm§ AnZo
_mWo {~amOVo ñdê$nH$m| AmnwZmo gd©ñd Z _m{Z H$moD$ AÝ`Ho$ _mWo {~amOVo
H$moD$ H$hV h|Ÿ- Omo d¡îUd OZVmhþ Vmo AmnwZrhr ho, Aé dohþ AmnwZ|hr R>mHw$aOrH$m| d¡^d, _|S>-_aOmX-Anag AWdm AÝ` H$Nw>H$ AmS>å~anyU© AWdm
JwéZ²H$m| VWm JwéZ²Ho$ goì` à^yZ²H$m| AmnwZ|hr _m{ZHo$ Omo H$Nw> ôQ>Ÿ-Ÿgm_J«r dmñVd_| ^mdnyU© Cnm{YZ²Ho$ de AÝ`mgpŠV H$ao VWm d«O^ŠVZ²Ho$ {ZíN>b
nYamdV h|, gmo AmnwZr ñdm{_ËdH$s AmnwZohr H$m`©_| bJmdV h|. VmV| Oog| ^mdZ²H$s ^mdZm AnZm _mWo {~amOVo R>mHw$a_| Z amIo gmohþ AnZo _mWo {~amOVo
AmnwZ| Ka-n[adma_| H$moD$ J¥hñW H$Ny>H$ Ðì` Ho$ dñVw Xodo gmo XmZ Z hmoB©, R>mHw$aH$mo gwI {dMm[a Z gHo$. gmo H$s{Z ^B© godmhþ {~ZH$s{ZŸ{g ~{Z Omdo. VmV|
AmnwZ|hr H$m`©_| {d{Z`moJ H$ømo OmV ho Vog|hr Š`m| Z g_{PòŸ? gmo gwZV Egmo AmYw{ZH$ ñd_mJu` d¡îUdZ²_| gmd©O{ZH$ Xodb`Z²_| {~amOVo ñdê$nZ²H$s ñd`§Ho$
^md OJV ho _mZmo ""CXmaM[aVmZm§ Vw dgwY¡d Hw$Qw>å~H$_²''. gmo Egmo Am¡Xm`© _mWo {~amOVo R>mHw$aH$s ì`mnm[aH$ àUmbrgm| H$[a OmVr godmdmao R>mHw$aOrH$m|
Aé Hw$Qw>å~^md hmo`dono Oog| Jmoñdm{_ ~mbH$Z²Ho$ R>mHw$aHo$ H$mO OZVmH$mo Ðì` gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_ê$ngm| _m{Zdmo Aé ñdJ¥h_| {gÕmÝVar{Vgm| H$[a OmVr godmdmao
{b`mo OmV ho Vog| OZVmHo$ R>mHw$aOrZ²Ho$ H$mO Jmoñdm{_~mbH$ H$mho ôQ>Ÿ- ñdê$nH$m| Jwé^mdgm| ^{OdoH$s Omo ^«mpÝV \o$bmB© Omdo ho gmohþ ~{h_w©IVmH$mo N>R>mo
Ÿgm_J«rH$mo {d{Z`moJ Zmqh H$amdV h|Ÿ! Vmgm| `m XodbH$VmHo$ N>b-ànÄMH$m|hþ àH$ma ho.
~{h_w©IVmH$mo MmoWmo àH$ma H$[a g_PZmo.
V|goB© ^pŠVd{Y©Zr, ObôX Am{X J«ÝWZ²_| H$moZH$m| godm-H$Wm C^`njH$mo
V|gohr AÝV:H$aUà~moY, {ddoH$Y¡`m©l` VWm H¥$îUml` J«ÝWZ²Ûmam Adbå~Z H$aZmo Aé H$moZH$m| Ho$db H$WmnjV|hþ H$maO g[a gHo$; VWm godm
lr_XmMm`©MaUZ| nw{ï>OrdZ²H$m| `h g_Pm`mo ho Omo AmnwZ| nw{ï>à^wH$mo bm¡{H$H$ Omgm| ñdJ¥h_| {Zô Zmht VmH$m| godmnamÙ ^JdXr`H$s naMmaJr ""AXyao
ñdm_rH$s Zm§B© Z _mZZmo Aé do nw{ï>OrdH$m| gwI-Xw:I_| Oog|hþ amIV h| V|go {dàH$f} dm `Wm {MÎm§ Z Xwî`{V'' dMZmoŠV àH$magm| H$aZr BË`m{X g~
a{hHo$ Amnw{Z eaUmJ{V VWm ^pŠV Ho$ ^mdH$s gwajm H$aZr. Vhm§ {ddoH$Y¡`©hþ àH$ma ~Vm`mo ho. Vhm§ ^md ÑT> ^ò {~Zmhþ Aé Aì`md¥Îm hmo`don|hþ Omo H$moD$
H$~hþ Ny>{Q> OmV hm|` Vmohþ AmnwZr AZÝ`Vm N>mo‹S>Zr Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV H$WmH$ënH$mo J«hU H$aV h| gmo `{X godm`mo½`Vm àmßV H$[adoH$m| H$aV hm|` V~
517 518
Vmo H$Ny> Xmof Zmqh n[a AW©-»`m{V Am{X Xwï> à`moOZde `{X H$WmH$ënH$mo AÝ`ml`hr hmoV ho. gmo AmÝ`ml`V| Ord ~{h_w©I ôdo OmV ho.
J«hU H$aV h|, ""godm`m§ dm H$Wm`m§ dm'' dMZ²Ho$ N>bV|, V~ gmo gmV_mo àH$ma
~{h_w©IVmH$mo g_PZmo. (Ÿ2Ÿ).
Ag_{n©VH$mo Cn^moJ eaUmJ{V_| ~mYH$ hmoV Zmht. n[a ^pŠVHo$ godmH$ën,
V|goB© AmnwZ| Ka_| godm Z {Z^doV| godmnamÙ ^JdXr`H$s naMmaJrH$mo Ka_| R>mHw$a ñdm{_^mdV| {~amOV h|, gmo Vm_| Ag_{n©VH$mo Cn^moJ {H$òV|
Omo CnXoe {X`mo VmHo$ N>bgm| dm ^JdXr`H$s VZw{dÎmOmH$m| Omo VZwOm AWdm godH$^md IpÊS>V hmoV ho. Vm H$[a {ZO goì`à^yZ²H$s ^mdmpË_H$m {ZO
{dÎmOm godm_| IpÊS>V H$[a XoV h| gmohþ ~{h_wI©VmH$mo AmR>_m| àH$mahr ho. _yb_| ñdm{_Vmhþ {Vamo{hV ôdo OmV ho. VmV| gm{_^wŠVg_n©U Aé Ag_{n©Vmon^moJ ò
Vmo `m{h AmkmH$mo {dMma H$[aHo$ àmMrZ Jmoñdm_r ~mbH$ d¡îUdZ²H$m| AnZo XmoD$ ~{h_w©IVm gånmXH$ h|. ~hþ[a g_n©U AnZo Ka_| {~amOVo à^yZ²H$m|hr
R>mHw$aOrH$s godm_| naMmaJrH$s Amkm XoV hmo`J|. gmo dV©_mZ_| H${bH$mbHo$ gå^d ho. XygaoHo$ _mWo {~amOVo R>mHw$aOrHo${bò Omo H$Nw> H$moD$ XoV ho VmH$m|
~bdmZ hmo`doV| lr_XmMm`©aUHo$ Abm¡{H$H$ d§eOhþ {gÕmÝV{dnarV VZwOm g_n©U Z Om{Z XmZ qH$dm ôQ>hr OmZZr MB©ò. gmo ò àH$ma XodÐì`H$mo ^`mo
godm H$[adodmao OKÝ`àH$maHo$ nwOm[a ~{Z Jò Am¡a d¡îUd {dÎmOm godm H$[adodmao VmHo$ Cn^moJV| XodÐì`mon^moJH$mo nm{VË`H$mar AnamY hmoV ho. Vog|B© godmH$Vm©
Xe©ZmWu, _ZmoaWr Aé ^«ï>r-Q´>ï>r ~{Z Jò. Vhm§ lr_hmà^wZ²H$mo {ejmíbmoH$ ñd`§hþ ôQ> Y[adoHo$ {deof^mdV| Omo H$Nw> {ZO à^yZ²H$m| XoV ho gmohþ XodÐì` ^`mo,
gm§Mmo n`m} Om{ZòŸ! OmHo$ Cn^moJV| nw{ï>Ord _hmn{VV ôdo OmV ho. gmo Vmo Ag_{n©VHo$ Cn^moJhþV|
_hÎma AnamY ho.
lrÛm[aHo$eOrZ| ~{h_w©IVmHo$ H$maUV`m Mma ~mV {XIbmB©Ÿh|Ÿ-
(Ÿ3Ÿ).
1.ŸAÝ`ml` AgXmbmn, OmV| {MÎmH$s ^JdËàdUVm_| ì`dYmZ hmo` gmohþ OrdHo$
2.ŸAg{_©V dñVwH$mo Cn^moJ ~{h_w©I ~{ZdoH$mo hoVw ~ZV ho. ò eaUmJ{V Aé ^pŠV C^`Ì ~mYH$ ho.
3.ŸAgXmbmn
4.ŸAgËg“. (Ÿ4Ÿ).
AgËg“ Vmo Oog| àmMrZH$mb_| ^pŠV^md{damoYr ór-nwéfZ²H$mo g“
(Ÿ1Ÿ). H$ømo OmVmo Vog| Ðì`monmO©ZHo$ hoVw ^mJdVH$Wm H$[adodmaoZ²H$mo g“ VWm Q>r.dr.Ÿ-
Ÿ{dS>r`moH$mo g“hþ ~{h_w©I ~Zm`do_| dV©_mZ_| A{V à~b XrIV ho. òD$
Vhm§ eaUmJ{V VWm ^pŠV XmoC_| AÝ`ml` ~mYH$ hmoV ho. {ZË`-
eaUmJ{V Aé ^pŠV XmoZm|_| ~mYH$ ho.
Z¡{_{ÎmH$ lm¡V H$_© VWm dUm©l_rZ²H$m| Adí`mZwð>o` g§ñH$ma-àm`píMV-lmÕm{X
ñ_mV© H$_©Z²_| H$_m©“ Oo AÝ` Xod h| {VZHo$ nyOZ-dÝXZ_| AÝ`ml` Xmof Zmqh
ho. n[a AÝ`XodZ²H$mo CnmgZm^pŠVHo$ H$mO Oo _pÝXa h| {VZ_| Xe©Z nyOZ ñVdZ gmo BZ Mm`m] XmofZ²V| ~{h_w©IVm àH$Q> hmoV ho Vhm§ gÝXoh Zmht, naÝVw,
àgmXJ«hU H$[ado ñdV…-Mbm`Ho$ OBdmo {ZpíMVê$ngy§ AÝ`ml` _mÝ`mo Om` Egmohþ ~hþYm hmo` gHo$ Omo H$moD$ AÝ` H$moD$ H$maUV| àW_ ~{h_w©I ~Zo Vm nmN>|
ho. H$hþ§ OmV _maJ_| H$moD$ AÝ`XodH$mo _pÝXa Amdo Vhm§ dÝXZì`dhma AÝ`ml` ~{h_w©IVmHo$ H$maU dm OrdH$s AÝ`ml`, Ag_{n©Vmon^moJ, AgXmbmn AWdm
Zmqh ho. H$m_Zmny{V©Ho$ H$mO Vmo lm¡VH$_©_|hþ AÝ`XodZ²H$mo nyOZ-d«V-àmW©Zm AgËg“_| àd¥{Îm hmo`. VmV| ò Mm[a Oog| ~{h_w©IVmHo$ H$maU h| Vog|B AÝ`hþ
519 520
H$maU hmo` gHo$ h|.
Vmgm| eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pŠVHo$ H$WmH$ën_| lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ AmÝV[aH$
~{h_w©IVm ^mdgm| ^mdmË_H$ ñdê$n AWdm ^pŠVHo$ godmH$ën_| lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ VWm
Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo ~{h_w©I ^òV| Amgwamdoe Aé AmgwamdoeV| godmH$Vm©Ho$hþ AmÝV[aH$ ^mdZ²gm| ^JdËñdê$n ^mdmË_H$ hmoV ho. gmo
H$mbàdmhnmV Aé H$mbàdmhnmVV| gd©ZmeH$mo ^`‘>a {Z`_ Vmo H$moD$ g_{P AIÊS>~«÷dmXHo$ {dMmaV| Vmo KQ>nQ>Ÿ-ŸJmoJX©^m{X gH$b OS>-OrdH$mo {dñVma
gHo$ n[a H$mho-H$mhoV| ~m{h_w©»` gå^do VmH$s OmZH$mar ^ò {~Zm H$moD$ ~{Mdmo ~«÷hr ho n[a ÔZr`Vm Vhm§hr _mÝ` ho Ohm§ lr_XmMm`©MaUZ²Ho$ ^mdgm|
MmhV hmo` VmoC Ho$g| ~MoŸ? ^mdmË_H$VmH$mo àmH$Q>ç ho. gmo ñ_aU, ÔZ AWdm eaU Ho$ AZwð>mZ²_| Omo-
Omo gmdYmZr Ano{jV ho gmo-gmo A{Ve` ^ma Xo`Ho$ lr_hmà^yZ²Z| H${h Xr{Z
ho. Vog|B© {OZHo$ Z nm{bdoV| {VZHo$ ñ_aU{damoYr, ÔZ{damoYr VWm eaU{damoYr
Vhm§ g_mYmZê$noU ò Om{Zò Omo "~{h_w©IVm'nX H$mo dogo Vmo àW_ Omo-Omo Xwîn[aUm_ àH$Q> hmoV h| gmo hþ ~Vm` XrZo h|. {VZ gJao AnamYZ²V|
A{^àm` ^JdX²{d_wIVm_| h|. Vhm§ "^JdX²{d_wI§' Z H$hr Omo "~{h_w©I'H$mo lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ ^mdmË_H$ nw{ï>nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ g“ OrdH$mo gå~ÝY {Vamo{hV ôdo OmV
à`moJ {H$`mo VmH$mo A{^àm` Egmo ho Omo _`m©Xm_mJ©_|hþ Ord ^Jd{Û_wI hmo` ho. AÝVa_| ^mdê$ngm| {~amO_mZ² ^JdËñdê$nV| {d_wI hmo`doHo$ H$maU Ord
gHo$, gmo ^JdX²{d_wIVm nw{ï>_mJu`H$s Zm§B© _`m©Xm_mJu` Xmofhþ hmo` gH$V ho. "~{h_w©I' H$ømo OmV ho. Vmgm| ~{h_w©IVm nw{ï>_mJu` Xmof ho.
nw{ï>_mJ©_| n[a ^JdmZ²H$mo ñdê$n AmÝV[aH$ ^mdmË_H$ V`mhr àH$Q> hmoV ho. Aé
^mdmË_Zm öX`Ho$ ^rVa àH$Q> hmo`Ho$ lr_hmà^wH$s H$mZrV| Ñ{ï>JmoMa ~mø
ñdê$n_| A`mo-JmobH$Ý`m`V| VmXmËå` àmßV H$aV ho. gmo gd©àW_ Vmo Vmgm| lr_XmMm`©MaUZ²Ho$ CnXoemZwgma eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pŠV {H$òV|
ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>pñWV nw{ï>^ŠVZ²Ho$ ^mdmZwê$n ^JdmZ²H$mo ^mdmË_H$ ñdê$n hmoV ho. lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ ^mdgm| {d^m{dV nwéfmoÎm_H$mo àmH$Q>ç Aé lr_XmMm`©MaUZ²Ho$
gmoB© ñdê$n ^yVbnohþ nw{ï>OrdZno H¥$nm H$[a nw{ï>brbmHo$ gwIXmZ H$[adoH$m| d«O_| CnXoe{déÕ JwéVa AnamYZ²V| lr_hmà^w^md{d^m{dV nwéfmoÎm_H$mo {VamoYmZ
nyU© H$bmZ² g{hV àH$Q> ^`mo. Vm{h ñdê$nH$s ^pŠV H$am`Ho$ nw{ï>OrdZ²H$m| hmoV ho. Vm H$[a ^JdX²^mdH$mohþ {VamoYmZ hmoV ho. Aé VmV| Omo ^Jd{Û_wIVm
nw{ï>^pŠVê$n \$bXmZ H$[adoH$m| lr_XmMm`©MaUH$mo ^yVbno àmH$Q>ç ho. VmV| hmoV ho gmoB© nw{ï>_mJ©_| ~{h_w©IVm H$hr OmV ho. `mH$m| Om{Z bodono ^JdX“rH¥$V
am_, Z¥qgh, dm_Z Am{X AZoH$ ê$nZ²V| ^JdmZ²Z| nw{ï>brbm H$s{Z ho, VmoD$ nw{ï>OrdH$m| ~{h_w©IVmV| ~{MdoH$mo Cnm`hþ gw~moÜ` hmo` OmV ho.
lr_XmMm`©MaU àd{V©V nw{ï>_maJr gåàXm`_| lr_XmMm`©MaUHo$ ^mdgm| ^mdmË_H$
""gd©Xm gd©^mdoZ ÔZr`mo d«Om{Yn:, ñdñ`m`_od Y_m} {h ZmÝ`: Šdm{n `Xm `y`§ ^{dî`W
H$XmMZ'' dMZ{gÕ nw{ï>ñdê$nhr ÔZr` ho. Amoa gJao ê$n ^JdmZ²Ho$ `Wm`W Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo lrJmonrZmWOr VWm lrJw§gmB©Or Vmo gmjmV² ~bam_Ÿ-
dÝXZr` nyOZr` ñ_aUr` hmo` gH|$ naÝVw ñdJ¥h_| {ZË`V`m ÔZr` Zmht. VmV| ŸH¥$îUH$mo àmH$Q>ç h|. ""lrdëb^à{V{ZqY VoOmoamet X`mU©d§ JwUmVrV§
lr_XmMm`©MaUHo$ ^mdmZwgmar ^mdmË_H$ d«OYre lrH¥$îUH$s eaUmJ{V AWdm JwUm{ZqY lrJmonrZmW_²''Ÿ- Ÿ"Ana: H¥$îUmdVmamo OJ{V lr{dQ²>R>b:''
Ego lrH¥$îUHo$ lr~mbH¥$îU lr_XZ_mohZ lr{dQ²>R>bZmW lrJmodY©ZZmW Am{X Am{X dMZ `m _maJ_| gd©_mÝ` h|. Vog|B© lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ gmjmV² godH$hþ
AZoH$ ê$nZ²_|V| H$moB© EH$ ñdê$n_| ""ò _oao _mWo {~amOVmo _oamo R>mHw$a ho'' Egmo Xm_moXaXmg à^¥{V {ZË`brbmn[aH$aHo$ _hmZw^md h|. {VZH$m| Ego H$R>moa dMZ
^md O~ H$moD$ ñWm{nV H$aV ho V~ lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ ^mdmË_H$ AZoH$ ñdê$nZ²_| H¥$nm{Z{Y lr_hmà^w Ho$g| H$hoŸ?
godmH$Vm©Ho$ godm_ZmoaWH$m| nyU© H$[adoH$m| nw{ï>^ŠV^mdmË_H$ EH$ {dbjU ñdê$n
àH$Q> hmoV ho, lr_XmMm`©MaUZ²H$s H$m{ZV|.
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Vhm§ g_mYmZ ò Om{Zò Omo lr_hmà^yZ²H$s {Û{dY g¥{ï> ho : d§eO Aé a{V AWdm H¥${V V| Zme gå^do Zmht. gmåàXm{`H$s eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pŠV
CnXoeO. gmo d§eO Vmo gJao {~ÝXwg¥{ï> Aé CnXoeO ZmXg¥{ï> H$hdmdV h|. Vhm§ Ho$ A{YH$maH$mo Omo bm¡{H$H$ ñdê$n dVm©_mZ_| ho dm_| Vmo ~hþVoao nw{ï>_mJu
""`Wm {nVm VWm nwÌ:'' Aé ""`Wm Jwé: VWm {eî`:'' naånamÝ`m`V| ^{dî`_| lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ {gÕmÝVgm| gd©Wm {déÕmMaUŸ-AÝ`ml`, Ag_n©U, AgËg“,
hmo`dodmao H$moD$ ZmXg¥{ï> AWdm {~ÝXwg¥{ï> Ho$ AnZo AmnHy§$ lr_hmà^wHo$ g_mZ AgXmMma, AgX²{dMma, AgX²^md Am{X AnamY H$aV OmV h| Aé ñd`§H$mo
_m{ZHo$ {_Ï`m Ah‘>ma H$[aHo$ OJV_| nwOm{`do bJ| Vmo {VZH$s nyOZr`VmH$s "nw{ï>_mJu'hþ ~VmdV h|. ~hþYm nw{ï>_mJ©H$mohr Zm_ bo`Ho$ lr_hmà^yZ²H$s AmkmH$s
H$gmoQ>r `m {ejmíbmoH$sH$m| Om{Zò. `m H$gmoQ>rno Iamo gwdU© {gÕ hmo`dono Cnojm, AÝ`Wmì`m»`m AWdm {VañH¥${Vhþ H$aV h|. {VZH$m| `m _maJ_|Vo ~m{ha
""`Wm {nVm VWm nwÌ:''-Ÿ""`Wm Jwé: VWm {eî`:'' naånamÝ`m` àm_m{UH$ {ZH$m{gdoH$mo H$moD$ bm¡{H$H$ Cnm` Vmo ho Zmht. CXmhaUV`m AWm}nmO©ZHo$ H$mO
Om{Zò. AÝ`Wm `m H$gmoQ>rno ImoQ>mo R>h[adono naånamÝ`m`_| H$Nw> ì`dYmZH$mo ^mJdVgßVmh, N>ßnZ^moJ Am{X ^JdËgodm“^yV _ZmoaW, gmohþ AgåàXm{ÒZHo$
{ZíM` H$[a bodmo AmN>mo. VmV| gd©{ZU©`-{Z~ÝY H$m[aH$m ""H¥$îUgodmna§ Ðì`gm|hþ H$amB© bodo_| MyH$V Zmht, EgoZ²H$m| gåàXm`_|Vo ~m{ha {ZH$m{gdoH$mo
drú` ... {OkmgwamXamV²'' Ho$ àH$me_| Jwénarjm Aé {eî`narjm H$mo Cnm` H$moD$ bm¡{H$H$ Cnm` Vmo ho Zmht. VmV| gåàXm`_| A{YH$maZmehþ gå^do Zmht.
lr_hmà^yZ²Z| g_Pm`mo ho. Vmgm| dm g_` {dÚ_mZ {~ÝXwg¥{ï>H$mo Aé ZmXg¥{ï>H$mo VmV| n[aeofV`m eaUmJ{V Aé ^pŠV H$mo ñdê$nZme Aé \$bñdê$nV`m
`hm§ "`y`_²' nXgm| nam_f© Z Om{Zò n[a ""`Xm... ^{dî`W'' Ho$ _Ü`nmVr àmH$Q>çgå^mdZmH$mo Zmehr "gd©Wm ^jU'H$mo Ame` H$[a Om{Zò.
"`y`_²' nXV| ^{dî`_| {Vhmar naånam_| hmo`dodmar {~ÝXwg¥{ï> Aé ZmXg¥{ï> Ho$
Ord O~ ~{h_w©I ôdo Omd|Jo V~ {dZHo$ H$mbàdmhñW Xoh{MÎmm{X {dZH$mo ^jU B{V _{V: __
H$[a Omd|Jo Egr AW©ÚmoVZmpË_H$m dmUr ho.
nw{ï>àdmh_`m©Xm J«ÝW_| lr_hmà^yZ²Z| Amkm H$s{Z ho Omo `m _maJ_| \$b Vmo
ñd`§ ^JdmZhr hmoV h| n[a `m ^yVbno {dZH$mo àmH$Q>ç AZoH$ àH$maZ²V| gå^d
gd©Wm ^jU hoŸ:
Vhm§ EH$ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo ~{h_w©IHo$ Xoh-{MÎm Am{X H$mbàdmhñW hmo`Ho$
nw{ï>OrdH$mo ^jU H$[a Omd|Jo Ego H$ømo n[a Vm H$[a H$hm AmË_Zme, AWdm H$moD$ nw{ï>Ord OmH$mo Ho$db n¥WŠeaU_mJ©_| nw{ï>à^wZ| daU Am{X
AmË_mH$mo nw{ï>_mJ©_| daU {H$`mo ho gmo daUZme AWm©V² ~rO^mdH$mo Zme, {H$`mo hmo` VmHo$ H$mO ^JdmZ² Aml` AWdm AmlÙr` ê$nV| àH$Q>
AWdm Aï>mja AWdm ~«÷gå~ÝY XrjmHo$ H$maU gmåàXm{`H$s eaUmJ{V hmoV h|.
AWdm ^pŠV Ho$ A{YH$maH$mo Zme; AWdm eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pŠV Ho$
ñdê$nH$mo Zme; AWdm BZHo$ AZwð>mZ {H$òhþ V| H$moD$ \$b{g{Õ Z hmoòJr gmo
\$bZme, AWdm AÝ` H$Nw> H$moD$ àH$maH$mo Zme, BZ_|Vo H$hm Om{ZòŸ? H$moD$ nw{ï>Ord OmH$mo nw{ï>à^wZ| daU gm“monm“ ^pŠVHo$ H$mO Z
{H$`mo hmo` V~ VmHo$ H$mO Ho$db nyOZr` AWdm Ho$db godZr` AWdm
Ho$db ldUr` AWdm Ho$db H$sV©Zr` AWdm Ho$db ñ_aUr` ê$nV|
Vhm§ AmË_mH$m| ^JdX²JrVm_| ""Xohr Vmo gd©Xm AdÜ` hmoV ho'' H${hHo$ ^yVbno àH$Q> hmoV h|.
A{dZmer {gÕ {H$ò h|, VmV| AmË_Zme Vmo gå^do Zmht. Vog|B© _mJ©daUZme
nw{ï>à^w Om ê$nV| Oogo nw{ï>OrdHo$ H$mO ^yVbno àH$Q> hmoV h| à^wHo$
qH$dm ~rO^mdZme hþ gå^do Zmht. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ lrJwgm§B©OrH$mo dMZ
Vm ê$n_| OrdH$m| ànÄM{dñ_¥{Vnyd©H$ ^JdXmgpŠV {gÕ ôdo OmV ho.
""A“rH¥ $ {VíM{ZË`m'' à_mU H$[a Om{Zò . VmV| ~rO^md AWdm
VmV| {ddoH$-Y¡`© g{hV AZÝ`ml`H$m| eaUmJ{VH$s \$bê$nVm Om{Zò.
nw{ï>_mJm©“rH¥${V Vmo {ZË` hmo`doV| Abm¡{H$H$ ho. VmH$mo bm¡{H$H$ XmofnyUm© _{V,
523 524
VogB| © VZw{dÎmOmHo$ H«$_gm| {MÎmH$s ^JdËàdUVm {gÕ ^òV| goì`ñdê$nH$s H¥$îU:Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU bm¡{H$H§$Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$Hw§$
_mZgr godmH$m| AWdm XohopÝÐ`àmUmÝV:H$aU, VÕ_© VWm XmamJma- bm¡{H$H$:Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$ (Ÿ^md§Ÿ=Ÿ^mdHw§$Ÿ)
nwÌmßVm{X gH$b n[aH$aHo$ gmW nw{ï>OrdH$s H¥$îUgodmnamnUVmV| Abm¡{H$H$ à^w:Ÿ=Ÿñdm{_, ZŸ=ŸZmht ZŸ=ŸZmht, EdŸ=Ÿhr
gm_Ï`©ê$nm godmH$m| \$bê$nm Om{Zò. Vog| ^JdV²brbmHo$ ldU-H$sV©Z-
(ŸApñVŸ=Ÿho, Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmgm|Ÿ) _ZwVoŸ=Ÿ_mZo h|
ñ_aU {H$òV| ào_mgpŠVì`gZ {gÕ ^òV| ldU^pŠV, H$sVZ©^pŠV
AWdm ñ_aU^pŠV H$s \$bê$nVm Om{Zò.
^mdmW© : (ŸàmH¥$V Y_©Z²Ho$ AZml` Aé AàmH¥$V {Z{Ib Y_©ê$n hmo`dV|Ÿ)
lrH¥$îU H$Nw> bm¡{H$H$ à^w Vmo h| Zmht. VmV| ÔZ H$[adodmaoHo$ bm¡{H$H$
ò \$bê$nVmH$mo àmH$Q>ç ^mdmË_H$ nw{ï>à^wH$mohr àmH$Q>ç hoŸ- H$~hþH$
^mdZ²H$mo nmofU Zmht H$aV h|.
Ho$db AmÝVa, H$~hþH$ Ho$db ~mø Aé H$~hþH$ AmÝVaŸ-Ÿ~mø C^`Wm, n[a
`m VahH$mo àmH$Q>ç hmoV ho lr_hmà^wÛmam Cn{Xï> àH$magm| eaUmJ{V AWdm
^pŠV H$m| {Z^m`dono hr. AÝ`Wm H$m_-H«$moY-bmo^-_moh-_X-_mËg`©ê$n Z bm¡{H$H$: à^w: H¥$îU:
_ZmoXmofZ²H$s Cnm{YZ²gm| H$pënV àH$maV| eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pŠV {H$òV| ^mdmË_H$ Q>rH$m : Eo{hH$ AWdm nabm¡{H$H$ H$moD$ {df`H$s H$m_Zm hmo`dono VmH$s ny{V©H$o {bò
nw{ï>à^wH$mo àmH$Q>ç hmoV Zmht. VmV| eaUmJ{V Aé ^pŠV H$mo A{dZmer `{X H$moD$ ^JdmZ²H$s eaUmJ{V H$ao V~ eaUmJ{V Vmo ^B© gmYZ Aé dmo Eo{hH$
~rO^mdhþ A‘w>[aV, nëb{dV, nwpînV Ed§ \${bV hmoV Zmht Egmo ÑT> {ZíM` qH$dm nmabm¡{H$H$ {df` ^`mo \$b. V~ eaUmJ{V_| \$b~w{Õ CnOV Zmht.
H$[a OmZZmo. VmV| fmoS>eJ«ÝW, {Z~ÝY Am{X J«ÝWZ²gm| {dnarV Omo H$Nw> àH$ma Vmgm| eaUmJV Ord_| {Z:gmYZ^mdhþ àH$Q> hmoV Zmht. V~ emó{d{YH$s
`m _maJ_| lr_hmà^yZ²H$mo Zm_ boHo$ Mbm`mo OmV ho gmo gJamo ~{h_w©I hmo`doH$mohr AmYrZVm _m{ZHo$ emómZwgma eaUmJ{V H$ao gmo Vm àH$maH$s eaUmJ{VH$m|
AZwð>mZ ho. `m_| {ZOOZH$m| H$moD$ àH$maH$mo g§e` AWdm AÝ`Wm^md hmo` gHo$ _`m©Xm_mJu` eaUmJ{V Om{Zò. eaUmJ{VH$mo nw{ï>_mJu` àH$ma Vmo lrH¥$îUHo$
Zmht. Aé OmH$m| `hm§ Agå^mdZm qH$dm {dnarV^mdZm hmoV ho VmH$m| ~{h_w©I à{V AZÝ`_Zm ôdoHo$ AWm©V² lrH¥$îUV| {^ÝZ AÝ` Eo{hH$ qH$dm nmabm¡{H$H$
OmZZmo VmV| lr_hmà^w ""B{V _{V: __'' H$hV h|. {df`H$ H$m_Zm amIo {dZm O~ Ord eaUmJV hmoV ho V~ Om{Zò.
Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo ^pŠVd{Y©Zr_| AmnZo Amkm H$s{Z hoŸ- ""godm Aé
H$Wm_| qH$dm godmŸ-ŸH$Wm_|Vo H$moD$ EH$_|hþ OmH$s ÑT> AmgpŠV hmoV ho VmH$mo Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo `m H${bH$mb_| ewÕ-ewÕ {ZîH$m_Vm qH$dm
H$~hþ Zme Z hmo`Jmo''. `m dMZV| ò {gÕ hmoV ho Ho$ `{X H$moD$ AWm}nmO©ZmW© ^JdËH$m_Zm Vmo H$moQ>r OrdZ²_|Vo EH$ Ord_|hþ gå^do qH$dm Zmht `mH$mo gÝXoh
godm-H$Wm H$aV hmo` Vmohþ Ego ~{h_w©IH$mohþ Zme hmo` gH$V Zmht. hmoV ho. Vmgm| nw{ï>_mJu` eaUmJ{V Vmo AeŠ`monXoe {gÕ hmo`Jmo.
`m e‘>mHo$ g_mYmZê$noU H$hV h| Omo nw{ï>_mJu` OrdH$m| {ZOà^wH$s `hm§ g_mYmZ `h Om{Zò Omo Ord H$moD$ gH$m_ hmo` AH$m_ hmo`
eaUmJ{V AWdm ^pŠV H$aV H$~hþ bmoH$m{W©Vm Z bmdZrŸ- _mojH$m_ hmo` qH$dm gd©H$m_ hmo`, g~{h nw{ï>eaUmJ{VHo$ A{YH$mar h|. n[a
nw{ï>eaUmJ{VH$mo AZwð>mZ AmnwZr Eo{hH$ dm nmabm¡{H$H$ H$m_ZmH$m| nyU© H$[adoH$mo
Z bm¡{H$H$: à^w: H¥$îUmo _ZwVo Z¡d bm¡{H$H$_²Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& Zmht H$[admo MB©ò. Oogo H$moD$ {dÎmH$m_r hmo` Aé {dÎmH$m_ZmH$s ny{V©Ho$ H$mO
H$Ny> bm¡{H$H$ CÚ_ H$aV hmo` Vmo VmV| nw{ï>_mJu` eaUmJ{V_| AZ{YH$ma
\${bV ^`mo Z Om{Zò. n[a YZH$m_ZmH$s ny{V©Ho$ H$mO H$moD$ lrH¥$îUH$mo Aml`
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H$ao Vmo AZml`H$mo AnamY Am`n`m} Om{Zò. bm¡{H$H$ H$m_ZmH$s ny{V© bm¡{H$H$ H$moD$ AmOr{dH$mHo$ H$mO ÔZ H$aV hmo` VmH$s H$hm J{VŸ?
CÚ_V| H$[ado_| AÝ`ml` AWdm AZml` H$mo H$moD$ àg“ Zmht. VogB| © ñdmñÏ`H$m_r `mH$mo g_mYmZ lr_hmà^w "bmoH$mWu' nXgm| XoV h|. "bmoH$'nXH$mo
H$moD$ {M{H$ËgH$V| AmofYr _m§{JHo$ godZ H$ao Vm_| AÝ`ml`Xmof AWdm ^JdXml` A{^àm` bm¡{H$H$ {df`Z²_| ho. gmo bm¡{H$H$ {df`Z²H$s H$m_Zm am{IHo$
Ë`mJ H$mo H$Ny> {dMma Zmht ho. n[a ñdñW hmo`doHo$ H$mO H$moD$ lrH¥$îUHo$ H$moD$ H¥$îUH$m| Ôo V~ Vmo ÔZhþ ì`mnma-Y§YmH$s Ý`m§B© boZŸ-ŸXoZH$mo
_ÝÌZ²H$mo AZwð>mZ AWdm nyOm-~{b-`mÌm Am{X H$mo AZwð>mZ H$ao Vmo {ddoH$- ì`mohma ^`mo. gmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ g§J Egmo ì`mohma Vmo AZW©ê$n ho. Vmgm| Ego
Y¡`©-Aml` Ny>Q>çmo Om{Zò. ÔZH$m| ^pŠV Z Om{Zò. gmo ÔZ O~ ^pŠVê$n Z hmo` V~ Šboeê$n
~{Z OmV ho. VmV| Ego ÔZ H$[adodmamo Šboehr nmdV ho. VmH$m| Eo{hH$
Eg|B© ^pŠVHo$ {df`_|hþ g_{PHo$ AnZr Eo{hH$-nmabm¡{H$H$ {df`Z²H$s Šboe Vmo hmoVhr ho n[a nabmoH$hþ VmH$mo Zï> hmoV ho. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§
H$m_Zmny{V©H$mo gmYZ H¥$îU^pŠVH$mo ~ZmB©dmo C{MV Zmht. VmH$mo Egmo A{^àm` H$hV h| Ego àH$maHo$ ÔZH$m| {Z{fÕmMaU _mÝ`mo ho Vmgm|. OmH$m| `m
Z Om{Zò Omo gd©Wm {ZîH$m_ hmo`donohr ^pŠVH$mo A{YH$ma {_bV ho. {ZO _maJH$mo kmZ ñdënhþ ho gmo Vmo Egmo {Z{fÕmMaU H$~hþ H$aV Zmht. n[a
^pŠVH$m| \$bê$n _m{ZHo$ ^pŠVH$mo AZwð>mZ nw{ï>^pŠV ho. Vm_| bmoH$Ÿ-ŸdoXHo$ gd©Wm ñd_mJu` kmZgm| a{hV H$moD$ Egmo {Z{fÕmMaU H$ao. Vhm§ e‘>m
{df`Ÿ-Ÿà`moOZH$mo {_lU nw{ï>^pŠVH$mo ~mY Om{Zò. hmoV ho Omo bmoH$mWu Vmo bm¡{H$H$ {df`Z²H$m|hr ÔV ho H¥$îUH$m| Zmht.
VmH$mo g_mYmZ Eg| Om{Zò Omo O~ H$moD$ bmoH$mWu bm¡{H$H$ {df`Z²H$s
H$m_Zm nyaU H$[adoH$m| H¥$îUHo$ ÔZ_| àd¥Îm hmoV ho gmo VmH$s ^«mpÝV
_ZwVo Z¡d bm¡{H$H$_² Om{Zò. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Vhm§ H$hV h| bmoH$mWuH$mo ÔZr` ñdê$n lrH¥$îUH$mo
Vhm§ e‘>m hmoV ho Omo lrH¥$îU Vmo gd©g_W© h| VmV| AnZo eaUmJV qH$dm Z a{h gH$V ho dogmo XrIV hmo` VmoD$''.
^ŠV OrdZ²Ho$ bm¡{H$H$ _ZmoaW nyaU H$[ado_| {dZH$mo H$hm K{Q> OmdoJmo AWdm
n[al_ hmo`Jmo, gmo H$mhoV| OrdH$m| AnamYr H$hV hmoŸ?
`mgm| {gÕ hmoV ho Omo bmoH$m{W©Vmgm| H¥$îUÔZ H$[adono H¥$îUH$mo ^mdmË_H$
ñdê$n {Vamo{hV ôdo OmV ho. Šboeê$n ÔZhr Ho$db a{h OmV ho, na_mZÝXê$n
Vhm§ g_mYmZê$noU ò OmZZmo Omo ^JdmZ g‘>ën_mÌV| gH$b g¥{ï>H$m| H¥$îU Zmht. VmV| H¥$îUgodmHo$ N>bV| OZVmgm| Ðì` _m§{JdodmaoZ²H$s godmH$m|
àH$Q> H$aV h| gmoB© gd©g_W© ^JdmZ² nw{ï>_maJ_|hþ AmlÙr` Aé ÔZr` h|. na_mZÝXê$n H¥$îUÔZ Z Om{Z bmoH$m{W©H$mo Šboeê$nÔZ OmZZmo MB©ò.
VmoD$ dmhr ^JdmZ²H$mo gd©gm_Ï`©ê$n Y_© _mhmËå`kmZgm| Ho$db kmVì` ho,
AmlÙr` AWdm ÔZr` Zmht. AmlÙr` VWm ÔZr` Vmo Y_u lrH¥$îUhr
VmV|B© {Z~ÝY_| lr_hmà^yZ²Z| _y{V©_| ^JdmZ²H$s {Ì{dY pñW{VZ²H$mo {Zê$nU
h|. gmo ñdV: Vmo lrH¥$îU gd©g_W© na_oída h| Vm_| H$Ny> gÝXoh Zmht Vmgm| {h
{H$`mo ho (Ÿ1Ÿ) g~ H$Nw> ~«÷mË_H$ ho VmV| Am{Y ^m¡{VH$ _y{V©hþ ~«÷mË_H$ ho
n[al_hþ hmo` gH$V Zmht. VmoD$ Om ^mdgm| lr_hmà^yZ²Z| AmlÙr` qH$dm
(Ÿ2Ÿ) emóZ²_| _y{V©nOy mH$s AmÜ`mpË_H$ {d{Y {_bV ho VmV| _y{V©nOy Z emómZw_mo{XV
ÔZr` _mÝ`mo h¡ dm ^mdgm| Vmo à^yZ²H$m| n[al_ hmoV hr ho. Oogo H$moB© ñd`§Ho$
AmÜ`mpË_H$ H$_© ho (Ÿ3Ÿ) ^pŠV_mJ©_| Ord{deofHo$ CÕmaHo$ H$mO _y{V©{df`_|
Ka_| AnZo dó-nmÌ Am{XH$mo àjmbZ ñd`§ H$aV hmo` VmoD$ AnZo ggwaHo$
^JdmZ²H$s ^mdmpË_H$m {deof Am{YX¡{dH$ CnpñW{V hmoV ho. Vmgm| Cn[a H$hr
AWdm {_ÌHo$ Ka O~ OmV ho, Vhm§ O_mB©V| AWdm {_ÌŸ-ŸA{V{WV| dmHo$ dó-
àW_ (Ÿ1Ÿ) ~mV_| Vmo ^JdÝ_y{V©H$m| H$moD$ nyOo Ho$ VmoaoŸ- VmV| AmË_nmofU H$ao
nmÌ Am{XZ²H$m| àjmbZ H$am`do_| n[al_H$mo ^md bmoH$_| _mZV h|, `hm§hþ Vog|B©
Ho$ CXanmofU H$aoŸ- {ZíN>b ñZohgm| Ôo Ho$ ÔZnmI§S>H$mo N>b-N>Ù H$aoŸ-
OmZZmo. VmV| {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbrHo$ ""bmoH$mWu MoX² ÔoV² H¥$îU§ pŠbï>mo ^d{V
ñVw{V H$ao Ho$ {ZÝXm H$aoŸ- gm§gm[aH$ ~ÝYZgm| Ny>{Q>dmo Mmho Ho$ _y{V©Ûmam
gd©Wm'' dMZH$s ì`m»`m H$aV lrJwgm§B©OrZo Amkm H$s{Z ho :
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gm§gm[aH$ H$m_ZmH$m| nyU© H$[adoHo$ _mohnme_| ~§{Ydmo Mmho, H$Ny> AÝVa naV H$mO OZVmV| g_mYmZr am{IHo$ Ðì``mMZm H$aV h|. `mH$m| ^pŠV_mJu`
Zmht. Xm[aÐç H$[a g_PZmo AmN>mo. H$moŸ-ŸH$moD$ nw{Z ^pŠV_mJu` Xm[aÐçHo$ H$maU
Aé XodbH$VmHo$ Xwì`©gZHo$ H$maU AmMm`©d§eOHo$ _mWo {~amOVo goì`ñdê$nH$s
Xyg[a (Ÿ2Ÿ) ~mV_| _y{V©nyOmH$s emó{d{Y_| ñdmW©à{Vð>m VWm namW©à{Vð>m ñdmW©Ÿ-ŸnamW© (ŸAWm©V² C^`mW©Ÿ) à{Vð>m{nVVmH$shþ {Zb©ÁO KmofUm H$aV h|. gmo
ôX ho. Vhm§ ñdmW© AWm©V² nyOm H$[adodmaoZ| ñd`§ VWm ñd`§Ho$ n[admaHo$ bmoJZ²Ho$ H$hm AnZr ^m`m©H$mohþ ñdmW©-namW© AWm©V² C^`mW© _mZV h|Ÿ! Vhm§ `h OmZZmo
H$mO _y{V©_| àmUà{Vð>m H$s{Z hmo` V~ XygaoHo$ Ðì`V| nyOZ H$[admo _hmZ² Omo Zr{V, AmË_Jm¡ad VWm bÁOm Ho$ Ë`mJ {H$òn| H$hm Zmht gå^doŸ? {gÕmÝV_|
nm{VË`H$mo H$maU XodbH$Vm Om{Zò. Aé _y{V©_| àmUà{Vð>m namW© AWm©V² Vmo nw{ï>ñdê$nHo$ namW©à{Vð>mH$s ar{V J«ÝWZ²_| Vmo H$hþ§ Cn{Xï> ^B© Zmht ho.
OZVmHo$ H$mO H$s{Z hmo` Vhm§ nyOmW© g_{n©V nÌ-nwîn-AÝZ-dóm{XHo$ dmVm©_|hþ {H$emoar~mB©H$s dmVm©_| `mhrH$mo {Zê$nU ^`mo ho. lrZmWOrHo$ ñdê$nH$shþ
^JdËàgmXV`m nwZJ«©hU_| H$Ny> Xmof {JÝ`mo Zmht n[a ^JdÝ_y{V©H$m| ôQ> Y[ado_| lr_hmà^w Vmo Xodmb`_| Zmht n[a ZÝXmb`Ho$hr ^mdgm| H$mhþ ^ŠVHo$ {ZOJ¥h_|
Am`mo Ðì`-aËZ-^y{_ Am{XHo$ nwZJ«©hU AWdm Xod_y{V©H$m| ^|Q> Y[ado_| Am`mo à{Vð>m H$[admo MmhV hþVo. n[a gXw nm§S>o Am{X gJao d«OdmgrZ²Ho$ _Zm H$[adoHo$
Y¥VXrn Oogr gmYmaU dñVwH$m|hþ {ZO Cn`moJ_| bmB©dmo XodÐì`mnhma ho. gmo Vmo H$maU ^JdXmkmde Xodmb`_| à{Vð>m ^B©. Aé ~«÷gå~ÝY a{hV ~§JmbrZ²H$m|
_hmZ² nmVH$ H$_© {JÝ`mo hoŸ- Egm| {H$òVo {dð>m Im`dodmao eyH$aH$s `mo{Z {_bV godm{YH$ma àXmZ H$aZmo n`m}. VmH$m|hþ H$moD$ _yT>OZ nw{ï>_mJu` {gÕmÝV _mZV
ho. `m nw{ï>_maJ_|, naÝVw, namW© à{Vð>mH$mo àH$ma _mÝ` Z am»`mo hmo`doV| `m h|Ÿ! V~ Vmo aOñdbmH$m| godmH$s AZw_{V Xr{Z VmH$m|hþ nw{ï>{gÕmÝV _m{Zdmo
XmofH$m| lr_hmà^wŸ- ""XÎmmnhmadMZ§ VWm M gH$b§ hao:, Z J«mø_² B{V MB©òŸ! lrZmWOrHo$ AZwH$aU H$[aHo$ Omo-Omo nw{ï>_mJu AnZo goì` à^yZ²H$s
dmŠ`§ {h {^ÝZ_mJ©na§ _V_²'' H$hV h|. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo `m _maJ_| Vmo naÐì`V| namW© godm H$aV h| {VZH$m| ~«÷gå~ÝYa{hV ~§JmbrZ²H$mo AnZo goì`
""J¥ho pñWËdm ñdY_©V:, Aì`md¥Îmmo ÔoV² H¥$îU_²'' Aé ""godH$mZm§ `Wm à^yZ²H$s godm gm|nrHo$ n¥ÏdràX{jUm H$[adoH$mo J¥hË`mJhþ H$mhoV| àmßV Z hmo`JmoŸ!
bmoHo$ ì`dhma:... VWm g_ß`£d H$m`©_²'' Aé ""VpËgÕç¡ VZw{dÎmOm''
Ego AZoH$ dMZgm| {ZOJ¥h_| {ZOñdm_rH$s {ZOAhÝZm-__VmñnX CnbãY lrZmWOrH$s godmHo$ A{YH$mar ~ZoV| `hbmoH$-nabmoH$H$mo {~Jma hmoV ho
gH$b loð> dñVyZ²Ho$ g_n©UÛmam ào_godmH$mo ^md am»`mo ho VmV|. Vmgm| VmH$s dmñV{dH$Vmhþ ñd`§ lrJmodY©ZYaà^wZ| Ego ~aZr ho Ho$ ""OmH$mo {~Jma
XodÐì`mnhmaH$mo Xmof bmJV Zmht. Oogo g§gma_| H$moD$ Y_©embm Am{XHo$ {Z_m©UHo$ hmoZmo hmo`Jmo gmo Amnwhr A{YH$maH$s BH$bmB© Amo{T>doH$m| Pw{H$ OmdoJmo''. gmo
hoVw AWdm OrUm}ÕmaHo$ hoVw AÝ` H$mhþV| Ðì``mMZm H$aV hmo` VmH$m| H$moD$ lrZmWOrH$s godmH$mo àH$ma `{X nw{ï>{gÕmÝV hmo` Vmo nw{ï>{gÕmÝVV| {~Jma hmoV
{^jwH$ AWdm Ð[aÐ _mZV Zmht. n[a Oogo H$moD$ ñd`§ AnZo a{hdoHo$ KaHo$ ho òhþ ñdrH$maZmo naoJmo.
{Z_m©U hoVw AWdm OrUm©Õma Ho$ hoVw AÝ` H$mhþV| Ðì``mMZm H$aV ho VmH$m|
OZVm X[aÐ-{^jwH$ _mZV ho. gmo H$mhoV|, Omo ñdmW©{Z{_©V J¥hHo$ H$maO ñdÐì` Vhm§ `h e‘>m hmoV ho Omo nw{ï>à^w Vmo CÎm_ dñVwHo$ ^moŠVm h| gmo ñdm_rHo$
IaMd|_| Omo g_aW Zht Vmhrgm| naÐì` _m§JV h¡. Vhm§ ñdm{^_mZr Vmo F$U gwIHo$ H$mO H$moD$ godH$ `mMZmhþ H$aV hm|` Vmo ""godH$mZm§ `Wm bmoHo$
_m§JV ho n[a XrZ-X[aÐH$m| Vmo {^jm _m§{Jdo_|hþ g‘>moM hmoV ZmhtŸ! ì`dhma: à{gÕç{V'' H$s AmkmH$mo AZwgaU H$mhoH$m| Z _m{ZdmoŸ?
Vog|B© ñdmW©à{Vð>m{nV XodVmH$s godmŸ-ŸnyOmHo$ H$mO H$moD$ naÐì`H$s Vhm§ CÎma `h OmZZmo Omo ""godm`m§ bm¡{H$H$s ar{V: ñZohñVÌ {Z`m_H$:''
`mMZm H$aV ho VmH$m| ^pŠV_mJu` Xm[aÐç g_PZmo. Ego XrZ-X[aÐ hmo`doV| gmo godmH$s ar{V Vmo bm¡H$sH$s ho n[a ^pŠV_mJ©_| àr{VH$mo ^md bm¡{H$H$ Zmht.
~hþYm AmMm`©d§eOhþ AnZo _mWo {~amOVo goì`ñdê$nH$s {ZË`godm-_ZmoaWHo$ gmo H$mhoV| Omo goì`ñdê$n Omo ^mdmË_H$ h¡ gmo bm¡{H$H$ ^md am{Idono Vmo goì`
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ñdê$nhþ bm¡{H$H$ ^mdmË_H$ ôdo OmV ho. VogB| © Abm¡{H$H$^md am{Idono goì`ñdê$nhþ AnZo Ðì`Ho$ {d{Z`moJhþH$m| ^JdXW© {d{Z`moJ Z Om{Z ŠboemW© {d{Z`moJhr
Abm¡{H$H$ ^mdmË_H$ ôdo OmV ho. Vmgm| godm_| bm¡{H$H$ ar{VH$mo A“rH$ma _m{Zdmo C{MVV_ ho.
nw{ï>à^w `m bmoH$_| pñWV nw{ï>Ordno AZwJ«h H$[ad|H$mo H$aV h|. n[a nw{ï>OrdH$m|
à^wHo$ Abm¡{H$H$ ñdê$n VWm _mhmËå` H$mo {~Mma öX`_| am{IHo$ àr{VH$mo ^md Vmgm| ^Jd{ÎmamoYm`H$ bm¡{H$H$ ^md Z am{I H$hm ^md am{IZmo gmo AmJo
Vmo Abm¡{H$H$hr am{Idmo C{MV ho. AÝ`Wm `m bmoH$_| Abm¡{H$H$ à^wV| gå~ÝY g_PmdV h|Ÿ:
Ow[admohþ H${R>Z ho. Vmgm| àr{Va{hVhþ godmar{VV| ^pŠVH$mo àmaå^ Vmo ôdo gH$V
ho n[a àr{Va{hV godmH$m| Vmo {H«$`m_mÌ OmZZr. Vog|B© godmar{Vgm| a{hV àr{VH$mo
àH$ma ^pŠV_mJu` Jm¡U H$Wmnj ho. Vmgm| ar{V Aé àr{V H$mo g_Ýd` ^mdg² VÌm@ß`ñ_Xr`: gd©ñdíM¡{hH$íM g:Ÿ&&
H$[adoH$m| {gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr V| MVwíbmoH$s Aé ^pŠVd{Y©Zr V| godm\$b J«ÝWZ²H$mo nabmoH$íM ........................... Ÿ&&
CnXoe lr_hmà^yZ²Z| {H$`mo ho.
VÌm{nŸ=Ÿdm_|hþ nabmoH$:Ÿ=ŸnabmoH$
Oogo amgbrbm_|hþ ""{H«$`m gdm©@{n g¡dmÌ na§ H$m_mo Z {dÚVo'' Añ_Xr`moŸ=ŸAnwZmo MŸ=Ÿhþ, gd©ñd:=g~H$Nw>
lr_hmà^yZ²Z| ^JdËnj_| g_wPm`mo Vog|B© Ordnj_|hþ godmbrbm_|hþ ""{H«$`m ^md:Ÿ=Ÿ^md M=Aé
gdm©@{n bm¡{H$H$_od na§ bm¡{H$H$mo ^mdmo Z {dÚVo'' g_w{Pdmo C{MV ho. Eo{hH$:Ÿ=Ÿ`mbmoH$gå~pÝY M=dmo (ŸH¥$îUEd ApñV B{V
Vmgm| {gÕmÝVahñ`Ho$ ""godH$mZm§ `Wm bmoHo$ ì`dhma: à{gÜ`{V'' Aé
MŸ=ŸAmoa ko`§Ÿ=ŸlH¥$îUhr ho Egmo OmZZm|Ÿ)
""Z bm¡{H$H$: à^w: H¥$îUmo _ZwVo Z¡d bm¡{H$H$_²'' dMZ_|hþ {damoYm^mg _m{Zdmo
C{MV Zmht ho.
^mdmW© : Vhm§hþ h_mamo ^md Vmo òhr OmZZm| Omo AnZmo Vmo `m bmoH$_| Aé
nabmoH$_ohþ H$moD$ gd©ñd hmo` Vmo dmo Vmo Ho$db lrH¥$îUhr ho AÝ` H$moD$ Zmht.
dV©_mZ²_| nw{ï>_maJHo$ Zm_gm| MbVo _pÝXa-hdobrZ²_| Vmo {ZOñdm_rH$s
godm {ZOJ¥h_| Z H$[aHo$ gmd©O{ZH$ Xodmb`_| hmoV ho. gmo hþ {ZOVZw-{dÎm-
n[aOZV| H$[adoH$o {R>H$mZ| nJmaXma ZmoH$aZ²gm| OZVmH$s ôQ>-gm_J«rV| n[admanmofUHo$ Añ_Xr`mo ^md:
H$mOhr hmoV ho. gmo emó{d{YHo$ {dMma {H$òV| gmjmV² lr_XmMm`©d§eOZ²_|hþ Q>rH$m : {Z~ÝY_| kmZÑ{ï>gm| gd©Ì dñVw_mÌ_| An[apÀN>ÝZ ~«÷H$s,
XodbH$Vm VWm XodÐì`mnhma `m| XmoÝ`mo XmofZ²H$s à~bVm ^B© ho. gmo ""g_aWH$m| gdm}nmXmZV`m, gd©Zm_ê$nYmaH$V`m VWm gd©{Z`m_H$V`m hþ {dÚ_mZVmH$mo
Zmht Xmof Jwgm§B©'' qH$dm ""gd©Wm ^j{`î`pÝV `wî_mZ²'' _|Vo `Wm^md {Zê$nU {H$`mo ho. VmV| ^JdÝ_y{V©_|hþ gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷H$s àH$Q> gÎmm Aé
H$moD$ EH$ dMZH$mo à_mU _m{ZHo$ {MÎmH$m| emÝV H$[a boZmoŸ! gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ? Omo AàH$Q> M¡VÝ` VWm AmZÝX _mÝ` ho.
lr_hmà^wH$mo ""Z bm¡{H$H$: à^w: _ZwVo Z¡d bm¡{H$H§$'' dMZ à_mU ho.
Vog|B© H$_m}ngZmH$s emó{d{YHo$ AZwgma Omo (ŸAŸ){dMmaH$ ~«÷H$m|
naÝVw Egr ^JdËgodmH$m| H¥$îUgodm Z Om{Z Šboegodmhr Om{Zò. Vm {ZamH$mahr Ho$db _mZV h| {VZH$m|hþ `kdoXr_| qH$dm _y{V©a{hV eyÝ`_pÝXa_|
godmHo$ Xe©ZH$m|hþ H¥$îUXe©Z Z Om{Z ŠboeXe©Z Om{Zdmo C{MV ho. Vm godm_| qH$dm _Z_pÝXa_|hþ An[apÀN>ÝZ VÎdH$mo ñWmZn[aÀN>oX qH$dm Ü`mZn[aÀN>oX Vmo
Yar ^moJ-gm_J«rH$m|hþ H¥$îUàgmX Z _m{Z ŠboeàgmX _m{Zdmo C{MVVa ho. Vm_| H$[admohr naV ho. V~ gmH$ma-ì`mnH$VmdmXr nw{ï>_mJu`Z²H$m|hþ An[apÀN>ÝZ
531 532
na_mË_mH$mo _y{V©Ho$ n[aÀN>oX_| ÔZ_| H$mhoH$mo g‘>moMŸ? Vhm§ emór` {ZfoY hmo` ""Eo { hHo $ nmabmo H o $ M gd© W m eaU§ h[a:
Vmo VmH$mo {dMma ôdo gHo$ n[a emóZ²_|hþ _y{V©nyOmH$mo {dYmZ Vmo CnbãY hmoVhr Xw : IhmZm¡ VWm nmno ^ò H$m_mÚny a Uo
ho. gmo `hm§ H$Ny> ~mYH$ ho Zmht. `m| {Zê$nU H$[aHo$ kmZ_mJ©gm| Aé ^ŠVÐmo h o ^ŠË`^mdo ^ŠV¡ í Mm{VH« $ _o H¥ $ Vo
H$_m}nmgZm_mJ©gm| _y{V©ÔZH$s Cnn{Îm Xr{Z ho gmo Ho$go OmoŸ-
AeŠò dm gw e Šò dm gd© W m eaU§ h[a:
1.Ÿ""gmH$maì`mnH$ËdmV²'' kmZ_mJu` Cnn{Îm
Ah‘>maH¥ $ Vo M¡ d nmo î `-nmo f U ajUo
2.Ÿ""_ÝÌñ`m{n {dYmZV:'' H$_m}nmgZm _mJu` Cnn{Îm
nmo î `m{VH« $ _Uo M¡ d VWm@ÝVo d mñ`{VH« $ _o
3.Ÿ""VÐyn§ VÌ M pñWV§ (ŸlrH¥$îU§ `WmbãYmonMma¡: ^ŠË`m nyOòX²Ÿ)''
Abm¡ { H$H$_Z:{gÕm¡ gd© W m eaU§ h[a:''
^pŠV_mJu` Cnn{Îm XrZr.
H$ømo ho. Vmgm| Eo{hH$ AWdm nmabm¡{H$H$ Xw:IZ²H$s {Zd¥{Îm, {VZHo$

Vhm§ AZoH$mZoH$ ñdm§e^yV OrdZ²_|Vo H$moD$ {dabo EH$ OrdH$mo Oog| à^w
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`m| g~hr AdñWmZ²_| eaUmJ{VH$mo CnXoe {X`mo ho. gmo `hm§ H$ho OmV àH$maV|
VmH$s g“{V Ho$go Om{ZòŸ?
gmo ÔZH$Vm© O~ {ZO ÔZr` ñdê$nHo$ ^mdgm| ÔZ H$ao V~ nw{ï>néw fmoÎm_H$mo
àmXw^m©d Vhm§ lr_hmà^wZ²H$s H$m{ZVo Om{Zò. naÝVw YZg§J«h qH$dm bmoH$g§J«h
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bm¡{H$H$H$m_Zmny{V©H$mo bm¡{H$H$ gmYZ Om{Zò. Any{V©, ^ŠVÐmoh Am{X Omo {JZmò h| gmo Eo{hH$ qH$dm nmabm¡{H$H$ Ho$ CXmhaU
ê$ngm| {JZmò h|. _yb Vmo "Eo{hHo$'Ÿ-Ÿ"nmabmoHo$' nXZ²Ho$ à`moJV| gJar ~mV Am`
J`r. gmo BZ XmoC nXZ²_| gßV_r {d^pŠVHo$ à`moJH$mo A{^àm`Ÿ- ""_moj§
Vmgm| lr_hmà^w Amkm H$aV h| Omo H¥$îUHo$ ÔZr` ñdê$nH$m| bm¡{H$H$
BÀN>m'' H$s Ý`mBª d¡f{`H$ AmYma Zmht. Vog|B© ""M_©{U {Û{nZ§ hpÝV'' H$s Ý`mBª
^mdVo Nw>dmB©dmo AmN>mo Zmht. ÔZr` ñdê$nH$m| AnZmo gd©ñd Om{ZHo$ ^{Odmo
{Z{_ÎmH$_©`moJHo$ A{^àm`hþV| Z g_PZr. `m gßV_r {d^pŠVH$mo à`moJ ""Jmofw
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g~{h H$m_ZmZ²H$mo à_wI {df` AnZo goì` ñdê$nH$m| OmZoŸ- AnZo Eo{hH$Ÿ-
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OmZoŸ-Ÿ_mZo Aé Ego ^mdgm| Ôo gmo ""Añ_Xr`mo ^md:'' AÝ`Wm ""{dOmVr`mo
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ŸnmabmoHo$'' nXZ²H$mo A{^àm` Egmo Om{Zò Omo `m bmoH$ qH$dm nabmoH$ V|
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amIZmo. H$moD$ H$[ado bm`H$ H$m`© hmo` n[a OrdHo$ gm_Ï`©V| {gÕ Z hmoV hmo`
533 534
Vmo ^JdXml` am{IHo$ {dM{bV Z hmoZmo. Omo à^wZo ò H$m`© _oao {bò AeŠ` g~ao XoeZ²_| Aé g~ao H$mbZ²_| d«Om{YnH$mo ÔZhr à_wIV_ ñdY_© ho.
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H$hm àH$maŸ? Vog|B© nw{ï>_mJ©H$s Ho$db 500Ÿdf© n`©ÝV pñW{VH$s gm§Mr-ImoQ>r
... ... ... Vo Z m`§ gd© ^ mdo Z gd© W mŸ&&3Ÿ&& qH$dXÝVrhþ àM{bV ho. gmo VmHo$ níMmV² H$hm nw{ï>OrdZ²H$mo bmon Om{Zò AWdm
go ì `: ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Ÿ&& Ord ahV h| n[a _mJ©bmon ôdo OmV ho AWdm Ord Aé _mJ© Ho$ {dÚ_mZ ahV
hþ nw{ï>H$mo bmon ôdo OmV hoŸ?
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`m_| ò {dMmaUr` ho Omo nw{ï> Vmo à^wH$mo {ZË`Y_© ho gmo VmH$mo bmon H$~hþ
A`§Ÿ=Ÿò (ŸlrH¥$îU:Ÿ) gd©WmŸ=Ÿgd© àH$magm|
hmo` gH$V Zmht. nw{ï> {Z{d©f`hþ gå^do Zmht, VmV| nw{ï>OrdH$mo bmon hþ gå^do
gd©^mdoZŸ=Ÿgd© ^mdgm| goì`:Ÿ=Ÿgodm H$[ado`mo½` ho Zmht. gmo à^wH$mo {ZË`Y_© nw{ï> Aé VmHo$ {df`r^yV nw{ï>OrdZ²Ho$ ahVo hþ `{X
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hr H$[admo C{MV ho.
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{dÚ_mZ ahV h|. Vmgm| _mJ©H$s {dÚ_mZVm VÎmX² _mJ©ñW OrdH$s {dÚ_mZVmH$mo ... ... gEd Jmonremo {dYmñ`Ë`{Ib§ {h Z:Ÿ&&
à_mU Om{Zò. Vog|B© _mJ© Aé _mJ©ñW OrdZ²H$s {dÚ_mZVm VÎmX² _mJu` gmYZ
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nw{ï>_mJ©, nw{ï>Ord, nw{ï>gmYZ Aé nw{ï>\$b H$s {dbjU {dÚ_mZVm {gÕ hmoV
Jmonre:Ÿ=ŸJmonrZ²Ho$ Bída {hŸ=Ÿ{ZíM` hr
ho.
Z:Ÿ=ŸAnZmo {dYmñ`{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ H$a|Jo
Vhm§ `h e‘>m hmoV ho Omo V~ lr_hmà^yZ²H$mo d¡{eîQ>ç H$hmŸ? Vhm§ Om{Zò
Omo _mJm©{X hVo na gåàXm` Z hVmo. Vmgm| VÎmX² nw{ï>_mJu` A{YH$marZ²H$m| VÎmX² ^mdmW© : gd©^mdgm| goì` JmonrOZdëb^ lrH¥$îU hr AnZmo A{Ib Eo{hH$
nw{ï>\$bH$s àmpßV nw{ï>à^yZ²Ho$ VÎmV² àH$madmao ñdê$nZ²V| à_o`~bV| hmoV ahr Aé nmabm¡{H$H$ {hV {gÕ H$a|Jo, Xygamo H$moD$ H$mb-H$_©-ñd^md-{d^y{VZ²H$s
hmo`Jr. gmo VmHo$ H$moD$ à_mU AWdm àH$ma H$mo gåàXm` Z hVmo. Vmgm| gmYH$VmH$s _{V amIZr Zmht Z ~mYH$VmH$s ^r{V.
nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$ à_mU~b Aé gmåàXm{`H$ àH$maH$m| àH$Q> H$[adoH$mo AgmYmaU-
Abm¡{H$H$ d¡{eîQ>ç lr_hmà^yZ²H$mo hr ho. Vmgm| gmYmaU nw{ï>_mJ©_| nw{ï>à^yZ²H$mo Q>rH$m : AÝV_| `m CnXoe_| lr_hmà^w H$hV h| Omo lrJmonrOZdëb^ lrH¥$îU_|
lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ öX`Ho$ ^mdmZwgmar ^mdmË_H$ hmoZmo Amdí`H$ Zmht ho. Vmgm| AZÝ`^mdH$m| {dgm[aHo$ H$moC nw{ï>Ord H$mbŸ-ŸH$_©Ÿ-Ÿñd^mdHo$ AmYrZ H$Ny>H$
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H$mO lram_ê$nV| àH$Q>o, d«O-_Wwam-ÛmaH$mHo$ nw{ï>OrdZ²_| H$moD$Ho$ H$mO gwV, ""_XÝ`V² Vo Z OmZpÝV Zmh§ Voä`mo _ZmJ{n'' Vmgm| gJao ànÄMH$m| {~gm[aHo$
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{eî`, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO Jwé, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO n{V, H$moD$Ho$ H$mO ñdm_r Am{X AZoH$ {ZamoY ho n[a gmYZê$n {ZamoYH$mo ñdê$n `mV| hþ A{Ve` {dbjU ho. gmo H$hm
ê$nZ²V| àH$Q>o. BZ_|Vo H$moD$ EH$ ^mdV| à^yZ²H$mo ^{Odmo nw{ï>Ho$ à_o`~bHo$ Omo lr_hmà^yZ²Z| Xe_Ho$ àmaå^_| ~Vm`mo ho Omo Ord AmnwZo ñd^mdH$mo N>m§{S>Ho$
{dMmaV| CÎm_ hmo`donohþ; lr_hmà^wHo$ gåàXm`_| nw{ï>à^w gd©^mdmË_H$ h|. gmo ^JdËñd^mdmZwê$n gabVmgm| ~{Z gH$V Zmht VmV| à^w AnZo H¥$nm^mOZ
à_mU~bHo$ {dMmaV| lr_hmà^wHo$ ^mdmË_H$ ñdê$nH$mo ÔZ lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ OrdHo$ ñd^mdHo$ AZwê$n ñdê$n YmaU H$[aHo$ dmHo$ gå_wI àH$Q> hmoV h|. àH$Q>
^mdH$s ^mdZm öX`_| am{IHo$ hr ÔZ H$[adono lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ ^mdmË_H$ hmo`Ho$ Egr brbm à^w H$aV h| OmV| Ord g~ H$Ny> {~gm[aHo$ ^JdmZ²_|
nw{ï>à^yZ²H$m| àH$Q> H$[adodmamo ~ZV ho. Vmgm| AmYw{ZH$ {gÕmÝVÛofr OZZ²Ho$ Ûmam na_mgŠV ôdo OmV ho. VmV| à^wH$mo ^yVbno àH$Q> hmoZmo gmo{h "gmYZ{ZamoY'
K‹S>o Jò ^md `Wm lrJmodY©ZYa Ho$ ñdê$n_| gdm}ÕmaH$VmHo$ ^mdgm| godm H$ømo OmV ho Aé ^yVbno {dÚ_mZ² ^ŠVH$mo AÝ` g~ H$Ny> {~gm[aHo$ {ZO
H$aZr, AÝ` g^r AmMm`©d§eOZ²Ho$ goì`ñdê$n_| d¡îUdmoÕmaH$VmHo$ ^mdgm| à^yZ²_| AZÝ`mgŠV ôdo OmZmo "\$b{ZamoY' H$ømo OmV ho. gmo brbmW© àmH$Q>çHo$
godm H$aZr Aé gmYmaU nw{ï>_mJu` d¡îUdZ²Ho$ goì`ñdê$n_| ñdgodH$moÕmaH$VmHo$ H$ën_| brbmH$m{bH$ {Z{Ib nwpî`_mJu OrdZ²H$m| gmjmV² AZw^dm{^Jå`
AWdm JwéHo$ ^mdgm| godm H$aZr ò gJao àH$ma {ejmíbmoH$sHo$ CnXoegm| ñdê$nH$mo àmH$Q>ç ho. Aé lr_hmà^wàd{V©V nw{ï>gåàXm`_| AmYw{ZH$ EVËgåàXm`r
{déÕ^mdH$s ^mdZmHo$ àH$madmao hmo`doV| nw{ï>OrdH$m| ~{h_w©I ~Zm`Ho$ dmH$s VÎmX² ^ŠVH$m| godm qH$dm H$Wm ê$nm ^pŠV_| ñdŸ-ŸñdmZw^mdZm{^Jå` ñdê$nH$mo
godm Aé goì` _| lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ ^mdHo$ {dbmonH$ hr OmZZo. àmH$Q>ç ho. VmV| ÔZr` qH$dm ñ_aUr` à^yZ²H$mo ^ŠV_| {ZamoY Aé godmnamÙ
qH$dm H$WmnamÙ ^ŠVH$mo à^yZ_² | {ZamoY H«$_e: gmYZmdñWmH$mo Aé \$bmdñWmH$mo
537 538
AZÝ`^md {JÝ`mo OmV ho. _{` Mo X ² ApñV {dídmg: lrJmo n rOZdëbô Ÿ &
VXm H¥ $ VmWm© `y ` § {h emo M Zr`§ Z H${h© { MV² Ÿ &&
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nw{ï>^mdH$mo ^“ hmoV ho.
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Aml` N>m§{S>Ho$ O~ H$moD$ lrH¥$îUH$mo H¥$îUml`ñVmoÌ Aé Aï>mja_ÝÌHo$ AZwgma
lrH¥$îUoŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU_| Z (ŸApñVŸ)Ÿ=ŸZmht ho
AnZmo AZÝ`ml` ~ZmdV ho gmoVmo àn{Îm_mJu` gmYZê$nm AZÝ`Vm. gmoB©
AZÝ`Vm O~ `m OrdH$m| {ddoH$Ÿ-ŸY¡`©Ÿ-ŸAml` J«ÝWmoŠV àH$maV| {gÕ ôdo OmV {dídmg:Ÿ=Ÿ{dídmg AÝ`Wmê$n§Ÿ=ŸAÝ`Wm ê$nH$m|
ho V~ àn{Îm_mJu` \$bê$nm AZÝ`Vm {gÕ ^B© Om{Zò. Vog|B© ~«÷gå~ÝY ApñVŸ=Ÿho, MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{X {hËdmŸ=ŸN>m§{S>Ho$
bo`Ho$ O~ AmYw{ZH$ nw{ï>gåàXm`r {ZO_ñVH$no {ZOgoì`ñdê$nH$m| nYam`Ho$ VXm {hŸ=ŸV~ Vmo ñdê$noUŸ=Ÿñdê$ngm|
{ZOJ¥h_| {~amO_mZ² ñdê$nH$s godm_| {ZOVZw-{dÎm-_Z-n[aOZH$m| bJmdV ho (Ÿ`ñ_mV² H$maUmV²Ÿ) ì`dpñW{V:Ÿ=ŸpñWV hmoZmo
V~ Vm ^ŠV{deof_| ^JdËñdê$nH$mo {ZamoÕ ^`mo Om{Zò. Egr gmYZê$nm `y`§Ÿ=ŸVw_ _wpŠV: (Ÿko`mŸ)Ÿ=Ÿ_wpŠV OmZZr
à^wJV AZÝ`VmV| ñdgoì`ñdê$noVa qH$dm ñdgoì`ñdê$ngodmZw`moJr BVa gH$b
nXmW©Z²H$s {dñ_¥{Vnyd©H$ goì`ñdê$n Aé {VZH$s godm_| na_mgpŠV {gÕ hmoV
ho. `mH$m|{h \$bê$nm {ZéÕVm qH$dm AZÝ`Vm OmZZr. Vmgm| `Wm`W àn{Îm_mJu` ^mdmW© : lrJmonrOZdëb^ _oao_| `{X {dídmg ho Vmo Vw_ H¥$VmW© hr hmo. VmV|
Aé ^pŠV_mJu` gmYZê$nm Aé Vm H$[a gmÜ` \$bê$nm AZÝ`VmHo$ {~Zm `m H$Nw> emoMZr` Zmht ho. gmo H$mhoV| Omo AnZo AÝ`Wmê$n (Ÿ~{h_w©IVmŸ)H$mo
_maJ_| H$Nw> {gÕ hmoV Zmht. à^wH$m| AZÝ` ~Zm`doV| Ordhþ AZÝ` ~{Z gH$V N>m§{S>Ho$ lrH¥$îUm{^_wI a{hdmo hr {Vhmar _wpŠV ho.
ho Egmo nw{ï>gåàXm`H$mo _mhmËå` lr_hmà^wHo$ à_o`~bV| àH$Q> ho. gmo H$mhoV|Ÿ?
Omo OrdHo$ AZÝ` ~{ZdoV| ^JdmZ²H$mo AZÝ` ~{Zdmo gmo Vmo _`m©Xm n[a nw{ï> `mVo `m Vahgm| Jmoñdm_rlrXr{jVmË_O í`m__Zmoha Ûmam
{dnarV. {ejmíbmoH$sH$s ì`m»`m gånyU© ^B©
Vmgm| {ZO goì`ñdê$nH$m| N>m§{S>Ho$ `Ì-VÌ-gd©Ì ^Q>{H$dodma|H$m| nw{ï>_mJ©Ho$

AZÝ`\$bHo$ gm¡^m½`gm| dpÄMV OmZZmo. H$hþ§-H$hþ§ lr_hmà^yZ²Ho$ BZ
{ejmíbmoH$sHo$ nÚZ²Ho$ gmjmV² lrJmonrOZdëb^ lrH¥$îUÛmam OmoS>o Jò S>oT>
íbmoH$ A{YH$ {_bV h|Ÿ-
539 540
&&ŸgmYZXr{nH$mŸ&&
(25) ^mdmW© : lw{V-ñ_¥{Vê$nr CÎm_ aËZZ²gm| {OZHo$ MaUH$_b emo^m`_mZ h| Eg|
lrèmoXmOrH$s JmoX_| H«$sS>m H$aVo lrZÝXamÒrHo$ nwÌ lrH¥$îUH$m| _| dÝXZ H$aV
(Ÿ_“bmMaUŸ)
hm|.
Vm Z: lrVmV-nV²-nÙaoUd… H$m_YoZd…Ÿ&&
ZmH$ñ` Vadmo@Ýòfm§ ñ`w… H$ënVadmo `WmŸ&&1Ÿ&&
(Ÿ`m J«ÝW_| Cn{Xï> ~mVZ²_| à_mU lw{V ñ_¥{V nwamU VÝÌ Am{X emñÌZ²H$s
lr_XmMm`©MaUÛmam àH$Q> H$[a ì`m»`m hoŸ)
`WmŸ=ŸOog| Z…Ÿ=Ÿh_mao (ŸVwŸ=ŸVmo) ^pŠV_mJ© - {dVmZm` `mo @ dVrUm} hþ V meZ…Ÿ&&
AÝòfm§Ÿ=ŸAÝ`Z²H$s Vm…Ÿ=Ÿdmo gEd Z… na§ _mZ§ eo f _ñ` à_mÝVa_² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
(ŸBÀN>mnyaH$m…Ÿ=ŸBÀN>mH$s lrVmV-nV²-nÙaoUd…Ÿ=Ÿ
ny{V© H$[adodmaoŸ) {nVmHo$ MaUH$_bZ²H$s aO `…Ÿ=ŸOm, hþVmeZ…Ÿ=ŸAp½ZZo
ZmH$ñ`Ÿ=ŸñdJ©Ho$ (ŸEdŸ=ŸhrŸ) ^pŠV_mJ©-{dVmZm`Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©H$o àMmaHo$ AW©
Vad…Ÿ=Ÿd¥j H$ënVad…Ÿ=ŸH$ënVé AdVrU©…Ÿ=ŸAdVma YmaU {H$`mo ho
H$m_YoZd…Ÿ=ŸH$m_YoZwê$n (ŸH$m_YoZd… MŸ=ŸAé H$m_YoZwê$n) g EdŸ=Ÿdmo hr
(ŸM gpÝV VWmŸ=ŸhmoV h| dogo) ñ`w…Ÿ=ŸhmoC Z…Ÿ=Ÿh_mao H$mO à_mÝVa_²Ÿ=ŸAÝ` g~ à_mU
na§Ÿ=Ÿgdm}ËH¥$ï> Añ`Ÿ=Ÿ`mHo$
^mdmW© : Oog| AÝ`Z²H$s BÀN>mH$s ny{V© H$[adodmao ñdJ©Ho$ d¥j| Amoa H$m_YoZw hmoV _mZ§ (ApñV)Ÿ=Ÿà_mU ho eof_² (ApñV)Ÿ=ŸA“^yV h|
h| Vog| h_mao{bò Vmo h_mao {nVm _hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©Ho$ MaUH$_bZ²H$s aO
hr H$ënVé Aé H$m_YoZw g_mZ hmoC.
^mdmW© : ^pŠV_mJ©H$mo àMma H$[adoH$m| d¡ídmZañdê$n lrdëb^mMm`©MaUZ²Zo
^yVbn| AdVma YmaU {H$`mo gmo {dZHo$ dMZ hr h_H$m| na_ à_mUê$n h|, AÝ`
lw{V-ñ_¥{V-{eamoaËZ-Zram{OV-nXmå~wO_²Ÿ&& g~ à_mU {dZHo$ dMZZ²Ho$ A“^yV AWdm {dZgm| Jm¡U à_mU h|.
èmo X mo Ë g“b{bV§ dÝXo lrZÝXZÝXZ_² Ÿ &&2Ÿ&&
doXÌ`r-{eamo^mJ-gyÌ-ì`m»`mZ-gå_Vm_²Ÿ&&
lw{V-ñ_¥{V-{eamoaËZ-Zram{OV-nXmå~wO§Ÿ=Ÿlw{V-ñ_¥{Vê$nr CÎm_ aËZZ²gm| ^pŠVemñÌmZw g mao U Hw $ d} gmYZXr{nH$m_² Ÿ &&4Ÿ&&
{OZHo$ MaUH$_b emo^m`_mZ h| Eg|
èmoXmoËg“b{bV§Ÿ=ŸlrèmoXmOrH$s JmoX_| H«$sS>m H$aVo
doXÌ`r-{eamo^mJ-gyÌ-ì`m»`mZ-gå_Vm_²
lrZÝXZÝXZ_²Ÿ=ŸlrZÝXamÒrHo$ nwÌ lrH¥$îUH$m|
Ÿ=ŸVrZm| doXHo$ {eamo^mJê$n Cn{ZfX² ~«÷gyÌHo$ ^mî`gm| A{déÕ àH$magm|
(ŸAh§Ÿ=Ÿ_|Ÿ) dÝXoŸ=ŸdÝXZ H$aV hm|
gmYZXr{nH$mŸ gmYZXr{nH$mŸ
541 542
^pŠVemñÌmZwgmaoUŸ=Ÿ^pŠVemñÌHo$ AZwgma h[a…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$
gmYZXr{nH$m_²Ÿ=ŸgmYZXr{nH$mH$s aMZm (Ah§)Hw$d}Ÿ=Ÿ_| H$ê§$Ÿhÿ§ lmoVì`…Ÿ=ŸldU H$[ado`mo½` AmamYZoŸ=ŸAmamYZ_|
H$s{V©Vì`…Ÿ=ŸH$sV©Z H$[ado`mo½` _wpŠV…Ÿ=Ÿ_wpŠV
^mdmW© : VrZm| doXHo$ {eamo^mJê$n Cn{ZfX² Aé ~«÷gyÌ Ho$ _hmà^w MŸ=ŸAé ñ_V©ì`…Ÿ=Ÿñ_aU (^d{V)Ÿ=ŸhmoVŸho
lrdëb^mMm`©MaU {da{MV ^mî`V| A{déÕ àH$magm| ^pŠVemñÌHo$ AZwgma
"gmYZXr{nH$m' J«ÝWH$s aMZm _| H$ê§$ hÿ§. ^mdmW© : ""AmË_mH$mo Xe©Z H$aZmo M{hò, ldU H$aZmo M{hò, _ZZ H$aZmo
M{hò, {Z{XÜ`mgZ H$aZmo M{hò'' `m lw{VdMZ_| na_mË_Xe©ZHo$ AW© na_mË_mHo$
(Ÿlrh[aÔZH$s Amdí`H$VmHo$ CnnmXZHo$ gmW J«ÝWH$mo CnH«$_Ÿ) ldU-_ZZ-{Z{XÜ`mgZH$s Amkm ho. Vog| hr ""dmH$mo ÔZ H$ao'' ""dmH$mo
""AmË_m dma'' B{V lw Ë `m Xe© Z ¡ H $\$bmo {d{Y…Ÿ&& agmZw^d H$ao'' Egohþ lw{VdMZ h|Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
ldUmÚ¡… à{VkmV… ""V§ ÔoV²''-""V§ ago{X''{VŸ&&5Ÿ&& lw{VH$s Ý`m§B© ñ_¥{V_| hþ ""Vmgm| ho ^maVŸ! A^` àmßV H$[adoH$s BÀN>m
""Vñ_mX² ^maV gdm© Ë _m ^JdmZ² h[aarída…Ÿ&& am{Idodmao _Zwî`Hy§$ g~Z²Ho$ AmË_m, ^JdmZ², B©ída lrh[aH$mo ldU-H$sV©Z-
ñ_aU H$aZo M{hò'' Eg| H$ôçmo hoŸ&&6Ÿ&&
lmo V ì`… H$s{V© V ì`íM ñ_V© ì `íMo À N> V m^`_² ' 'Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
BZ g~ dMZZ²gm| `h {gÕ hmoV ho Ho$ AhÝVm-__VmË_H$ g§gmaHy§$
nw é fñ`m{deo f o U g§ g ma§ à{OhmgV…Ÿ&&
N>m§{‹S>doH$s BÀN>m H$[adodmao _Zwî`H$m| à^wH$mo AmamYZ hr _wpŠVê$n OmZZmoŸ&&7Ÿ&&
hao a ² AmamYZo _w p ŠV… ... ... ... ... ... ...
(ŸVhm§ Š`m|1 Aé Ho$gmo2 Jwé Amdí`H$ hmoV ho VmH$mo {Zê$nUŸ)
AmË_mŸ=Ÿna_mË_m
....................VËàH$mamo {Zê$ß`Vo Ÿ &&7Ÿ&&
dm AaoŸ=ŸAdí`,ŸB{VŸ=Ÿ`m V§Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo
""_mhmËå`kmZny d m} { h gw Ñ T>… gd© V mo @ {YH$…Ÿ&&
lwË`mŸ=Ÿlw{Vgm| agoV²Ÿ=ŸAmZÝX AZw^d H$ao
ñZo h mo " ^pŠV'[a{V àmo Š V…ŸV`mŸ_w p ŠVZ© MmÝ`Wm''Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
ldUmÚ¡…Ÿ=ŸldU Am{X H$[adogm| B{VŸ=ŸEgmo(ŸA{nŸ=ŸhþŸ)
_mhmËå`kmnZm`¡ d ldU§ Jw U H$_© U m_² Ÿ &&
Xe©Z¡H$\$b:Ÿ=ŸXe©Z hr Ohm§ \$b CŠV_²Ÿ=ŸH$ôçmo ho
emñÌmUm_² Cn`mo J mo @ Ì VÌmH$m§ j m Jw a mo a ² ^do V ² 1Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
hmoV ho Egr, {d{Y…Ÿ=Ÿ{d{Y ""^maVŸ!Ÿ=Ÿho AOw©ZŸ!
""H¥ $ îUgo d m-na§ drú` Xå^m{X-a{hV§ Za_² Ÿ &&
à{VkmV…Ÿ=ŸH$hr ho Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmV|
lr^mJdVVÎdk§ Ôo V ² {Okmgw a mXamV² ' ' 2 Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
V§Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo,ŸÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔZŸH$ao A^`_²Ÿ=ŸA^`Hy§$
BÀN>VmŸ=ŸBÀN>dodmaoH$m| H$[ado`mo½`Ÿho, g§gma§Ÿ=Ÿg§gmaH$m|
(ŸŸAV… na§Ÿ)Ÿ=ŸVmgm| A~ EdŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMV ê$ngm|
B©ída…Ÿ=ŸB©ída à{OhmgV…Ÿ=ŸN>m§{S>doH$s BÀN>m
VËàH$mamoŸ=ŸdmHo$ àH$maH$mo (ŸgmYZ_²Ÿ)=ŸgmYZŸho,ŸAÌŸ=Ÿ`m_|
gdm©Ë_mŸ=Ÿg~Z²Ho$ AmË_m H$[adodmao, nwéfñ`Ÿ=ŸnwéfHy§$
{Zê$ß`VoŸ=Ÿ{Zê$nU H$aV hm| emñÌmUm_²Ÿ=ŸemñÌZ²H$mo
^JdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ² A{deofoUŸ=Ÿg_mZê$ngm|
543 544
_hmËå`kmZnyd©:Ÿ=Ÿ_mhmËå`Ho$ Cn`moJ…Ÿ=ŸCn`moJŸ/ŸAmdí`H$Vm (Ÿñd_mJu` JwéH$mo àW_ H$V©ì` : ^JdËàn{ÎmHo$ H$mO X¡dr OrdZ²H$m| ào[aV
kmZnyd©H$, {hŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngm| (ŸApñVŸ)Ÿ=ŸhmoVŸho H$aZm|Ÿ)
gwÑT>…Ÿ=ŸgwÑT> VÌŸ=ŸVm_| Xo h Ðmo Ê `m {``mgy Z m§ na§ nma§ ^dmå~w Y o … Ÿ&&
gd©Vmo{YH$…Ÿ=Ÿg~gm| A{YH$ Jwamo…Ÿ=ŸJwéH$s Jw é Um H$U© Y mao U *Ÿ 1 ôçw Î mm`m© ñdmo n Xo e V…Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
ñZoh:Ÿ=ŸñZoh, ^pŠV…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV ho AmH$m§jmŸ=ŸAmdí`H$Vm ""`mo ~«÷mU§ {dXYm{V nydª `moŸd¡ doXm§íM à{hUmo{V Vñ_¡Ÿ&&
B{VŸ=ŸEg|, àmoŠV…Ÿ=ŸH$ôçmo ho ^doV²=hmoV ho, {Okmgw:= V§ h Xod_² AmË_-~w{ÕàH$me§ _w_wjwd£ eaU_h§ ànÚo''Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
V`mŸ=ŸVmV| kmZ àmpßVH$s BÀN>mdmamo ""gd© Y _m© Z ² n[aË`Á` _m_o H § $ eaU§ d« O ''Ÿ&&
_wpŠV…Ÿ=Ÿ_wpŠV hmoV ho H¥$îUgodmna§Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUgodm_| VËna B{V lw Ë `m VWm ñ_¥ Ë `m ànÎ`mXo e _m{XV…Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAmoa H$mhþ àH$magm| Xå^m{Xa{hV§Ÿ=ŸXå^ŸAm{Xgm|Ÿa{hV
Z MŸ=ŸZmht hmoV ho lr^mJdVVÎdk§Ÿ=Ÿ^mJdVŸnwamUHo$ XohÐmoÊ`mŸ=ŸXohê$nrŸZmdÛmam CÎmm`m©…Ÿ=Ÿnma CVmaZo M{hò
_mhmËå`kmnZm`Ÿ=Ÿ_mhmËå`H$mo VÎdH$m| Om{Zdodmao,ŸZa_²Ÿ=ŸZaH$m| ^dmå~wYo…Ÿ=Ÿ^dgmJaH$s `:Ÿ=ŸOmo, nydªŸ=Ÿn{hbo
OZm`doHo$ H$mO drú`Ÿ=ŸnarjU H$[aHo$ na§Ÿ=Ÿnëbr, nma§Ÿ=Ÿnma ~«÷mU§Ÿ=Ÿ~«÷mOrH$m|
JwUH$_©Um_²Ÿ=ŸJwU-H$_©Z²H$m| AmXamV²Ÿ=ŸAmXagm| {``mgyZm§Ÿ=ŸOm`doH$s BÀN>mdmaoH$m| {dXYm{VŸ=Ÿ~ZmdV ho
ldU_²Ÿ=ŸgwZZmo ÔoVŸ² =ŸÔZ H$ao ñdmonXoeV…Ÿ=ŸAnZo CnXoeZ²gm| `:Ÿ=ŸOmo, d¡Ÿ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngm|
{hŸ=Ÿhr Vñ_¡Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$m|, doXmZ²Ÿ=ŸdoXZ²H$mo
^mdmW© : Vmgm| A~ ^JdX²ÔZê$n _wpŠVH$s àmpßV Om gmYZgm| hmo` dm H$U©YmaoUŸ=ŸH$U©Ymaê$nr MŸ=Ÿhþ, à{hUmo{VŸ=ŸXmZhþŸXoVŸh|
gmYZHo$ àH$maH$mo {Zê$nU H$aV hm|. emñÌ_| ^pŠVHo$ bjUH$mo {Zê$nU ""à^wHo$ JwéUmŸ=ŸJwéÛmam V§Ÿ=Ÿdm, hŸ=Ÿà{gÕ
_mhmËå`Ho$ kmZ nyd©H$ à^w_| gwÑT> Aé g~gm| A{YH$ ñZoh BVZ| ^pŠV Eg| AmË_~w{ÕàH$me§Ÿ=ŸAmË_V`m n[aË`Á`Ÿ=ŸnyU©V`m N>m§{‹S>Ho$
H$ôçmo ho. Egr ^pŠVgm| hr _wpŠV hmoV ho, AÝ` H$mhþ àH$magm| _wpŠV Zmht hmoV ~w{Õgm| àH$m{eV hmo`dodmao _m_²Ÿ=Ÿ_oao, EH§$Ÿ=ŸEH$Ho$
ho'' `m àH$magm| H$ôçmo hoŸ&&8Ÿ&&
Xod_²Ÿ=ŸXodH$m|, Ah§Ÿ=Ÿ_| eaU§Ÿ=ŸeaU, d«OŸ=ŸAm` Om
`m dMZ_| à^yZ²Ho$ JwU-H$_©Z²H$mo ldU H$aZmo VmH$m| _mhmËå`kmZH$mo
_w_wjw…Ÿ=Ÿ_wŠV hmo`doH$s BÀN>mdmamo B{VŸ=ŸEgr, lwË`mŸ=Ÿlw{VZ²_|
gmYZ H$ôçmo ho. gmo Vmo emñÌV| hmoB© gH$V ho VmV| emñÌHo$ AÜ``ZH$s
Amdí`H$Vm naV ho. emñÌH$mo AÜ``Z Jwé {dZm Z gå^do VmV| JwéH$m| hr d¡Ÿ=ŸnyU©ê$ngm|, eaU§Ÿ=ŸeaU VWmŸ=ŸAé, ñ_¥Ë`mŸ=Ÿñ_¥{VZ²_|
gd©àW_ gmYZ _mÝ`mo J`mo hoŸ&&9Ÿ&& ànÚo''Ÿ=ŸOmV hm| Am{XV…Ÿ=Ÿàmaå^gm|
VmV| à^yZ²H$mo _mhmËå`kmZ àmpßV H$[adoH$s BÀN>mdmamo Ord Omo H¥$îUgodm_| gd©Y_m©Z²Ÿ=Ÿg~ Y_©Z²H$m| ànÎ`mXoe_²Ÿ=ŸeaUmJ{VH$moŸAmXoeŸho
VËna hmo`, Xå^ Am{Xgm| a{hV hmo` Aé lr_X²^mJdVnwamUHo$ VÎdH$m| Om{Zdodmao
ZaH$mo narjU H$[aHo$ AmXagm| ÔZ H$aoŸ&&10Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : Xohê$nr ZmdHo$ Ûmam g§gmag_wÐH$s nëbrnma Om`doH$s BÀN>mdmaoH$s
ZmdH$m| VmH$mo H$U©YmaŸ-ŸZmd Io`dodmamo Jwé AnZo CÎm_ CnXoeZ²V| nma CVmaoŸ&&11Ÿ&&
545 546
ídoVmídVa Cn{ZfX²_| H$ôçmo ho Omo ""Omo nyd©_| ~«÷mOrH$m| àH$Q> H$aV ho godZoŸ=ŸgodZ_| (ŸEVV²Ÿ)Ÿ=Ÿò, Ì`§Ÿ=ŸVrZ
Aé {VZH$m| doXZ²H$m| XmZ XoV h| dm AmË_~w{Õgm| àH$m{eV hmo`dodmao XodH$s _ybm{^foH$…Ÿ=Ÿ_yb_| A{^foH$ gd©WmŸ=ŸH$~hþ, ZŸ=ŸZmht
eaU_| _¢ OmV hm|''Ÿ&&12Ÿ&& H$m`©Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo ËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸË`mJZo
^JdX²JrVm_|hþ ^JdmZ²Z| ñd_wIgm| AOw©ZH$m| Amkm H$s{Z ho Omo ""g~ Xoh^¥VmŸ=ŸXohdmaoV| B{VŸ=Ÿò, lr_XmMm`©gå_V…Ÿ=Ÿ
Y_©Z²H$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ Ho$db _oao eaU Amd'' Eg| lw{V Aé ñ_¥{V _| gd© àW_
H$_©…Ÿ=ŸH$_©H$mo lrdëb^mMm`©OrH$m| _mÝ`
eaUmJV hmo`doH$mo AmXoe hoŸ&&13Ÿ&&
AeofV…Ÿ=ŸnyU©ê$ngm| ^mJdV…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdËgå~pÝY
Ë`ŠVw§Ÿ=ŸË`mJ H$aZmo Y_©…Ÿ=ŸY_© (ŸApñVŸ)Ÿ=Ÿho
(Ÿñd_mJu` {ÛOHw$bHo$ {eî`Z²H$mo H$V©ì`Ÿ)
ZŸ=ŸZmht, {hŸ=Ÿhr ñdY_m©MaU§Ÿ=ŸñdY_©H$mo AmMaU
ào å Umo n Xo e -ldUmV² *Ÿ 2àn{Îm… ào _ -H$maU_² Ÿ &&
eŠ`_²Ÿ=Ÿgå^dŸho, AV…Ÿ=ŸVmV| ^pŠVemñÌmZwHy$ëòZŸ=Ÿ
AVmo _y b m{^fo H $mo {h H$m`© g ² Vo Z mñ` go d Zo Ÿ &&14Ÿ&&
ñdY_m©MaU_²Ÿ=ŸñdY_m©Zwgma ^pŠVemñÌHo$ AZwHy$b a{hHo$
Z{h Xo h ^¥ V m eŠ`§ H$_© Ë`ŠVw _ ² Aeo f V…Ÿ&&
AmMaU(ŸH$m`ªŸ)Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo ^doV²Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho
AV… ñdY_m© M aU§ ^ma-Û¡ J w Ê `_² AÝ`WmŸ&&15Ÿ&&
ñdY_m© M aU§ eŠË`m ôçY_m© Î mw {ZdV© Z _² Ÿ &&
^mdmW© : Cn`w©ŠV bjUdmao JwéHo$ _wIV| lÕmào_gm| ^JdÀN>mñÌHo$ CnXoeH$mo
BpÝÐ`míd-{d{ZJ« m h… gd© W m Z ËÒo V ² Ì`§ Ÿ &&16Ÿ&&
ldU H$[adoV| ^pŠVHo$ H$maUê$n ^JdmZ²H$mo eaU {gÕ hmoV ho. H${bH$mb_|
B{V ^mJdVmo Y_© … lr_XmMm`© - gå_V…Ÿ&& H$ë`mUH$mar g~ emñÌr` gmYZ O~ Xw:gmÜ` hmo` Jò h| V~ AÝ`mÝ`
^pŠV-emñÌmZw H y $ ëò Z ñdY_m© M aU§ ^do V ² Ÿ &&17Ÿ&& gmYZZ²_| l_ Zmht H$[aHo$ gd©_yb^yV ^JdV²-eaUê$n Cnm`H$mo hr godZ
H$aZmoŸ&&14Ÿ&&
àoåUmŸ=Ÿào_Ho$ g{hV AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZqh Vmo XohYmarV| H$_©Z²H$mo nyU©ê$ngm| Ë`mJ gå^d Zmht hmoV ho. Vmgm| AnZo-
CnXoeldUmV²Ÿ=ŸCnXoe gw{Zdogm| ^maÛ¡JwÊ`_²Ÿ=ŸXwJZmo ^ma AnZo dU© Aé Aml_ Ho$ Y_m©Zwgma H$_© H$aZo. Eg| Z H$ao Vmo ñdY_m©MaUH$s
àn{Îm…Ÿ=ŸeaUmJ{V hr (Ÿñ`mV²Ÿ)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho Cnojm Aé ñdÀN>ÝX AmMaU Eg| Xmo` Xmof Am` na|Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&
ào_H$maU_²Ÿ=Ÿào_H$mo àH$Q> eŠË`mŸ=ŸepŠV AZwgma Vmgm| epŠV AZwgma ñdY_©H$mo AmMaU H$aZmo, AY_m©MaU gd©Wm Z
H$aZmo Amoa BpÝÐ`ê$nr AídZ²H$mo {deofê$ngm| {ZJ«h H$aZmo. BZ VrÝ`m| ~mVZ²H$mo
H$[adoH$mo H$maU {hŸ=Ÿhr
Ë`mJ gd©Wm Z H$aZmoŸ&&16Ÿ&&
(Ÿ^d{VŸ)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho ñdY_m©MaU_²Ÿ=ŸñdY_©H$mo AmMaU
`m àH$maH$mo ^mJdV Y_© _hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©H$m| _mÝ` ho. {ZO
AV…Ÿ=ŸVmV|, VoZŸ=ŸdmH$m| AY_m©V²Ÿ=ŸAY_©V|, VwŸ=ŸVmo dUm©l_Y_©Ho$ AmMaU H$[ado_|hþ ^pŠVemñÌgm| AZwHy$b dUm©l_Y_©H$mo AmMaU
(Ÿ_w_wjwUmŸ)Ÿ=Ÿ_w_wjwH$m| {ZdV©Z_²Ÿ=Ÿgd©Wm Xya ahZmo H$aZmo BVZmo {deof hoŸ&&17Ÿ&&
Añ`Ÿ=Ÿ`mHo$ BpÝÐ`míd{d{ZJ«mh…Ÿ=ŸBpÝÐ`ê$nr
(Ÿ^JdV…Ÿ)Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Ho$ AídZ²H$mo {ZJ«h H$aZmo (ŸVhm§ {ZOemImHo$ AZwgma fmoS>eg§ñH$ma VWm VÝ_ybH$ AmpôZH$ em¡MmMma1-
547 458
6
Am{X ^ŠË`wn`moJr hmo`doV| {ÛOearaHo$ YmaU H$[adodmaoZ²Ho$ H$mO Amdí`H$ {ZË` H$_©Z²H$mo AmMaUhþ H$aZmo M{hòŸ&&19Ÿ&&
hmoV h|Ÿ)
J^m© Y mZm{X-g§ ñ H$ma¡ … {ÛO¡ _ m£ Ä Á`ÝV-gå^d¡ … Ÿ&& ñZmZ§ 1 g³ Ü `mOnmo 2 hmo _ … 3 ñdmÜ`m`… 4 {nV¥ V n© U _² 5Ÿ &&
Xo h … g§ e mo Y Zr`mo {h h[a^mdmo Z MmÝ`Wm Ÿ&&18Ÿ&& d¡ í dXo d H$Xo d mMm© 6 B{V fQ² > H$_© H ¥ $ X² ^do V ² Ÿ &&20Ÿ&&
_m¡ÄÁ`ÝV-gå^d¡…Ÿ=Ÿ g§emoYZr`…Ÿ=ŸewÕ H$aZmo M{hò (ŸŸg…)Ÿ=Ÿdmo {nV¥Vn©U_²Ÿ=Ÿ{nV¦Z²H$mo Vn©U

_m¡ÄOr~ÝYZ n`©ÝV hmoVo AÝ`WmŸ=ŸEg| Z H$ao Vmo ñZmZ§Ÿ=ŸñZmZ d¡ídXodH$-XodmMm©Ÿ=Ÿd¡ídXodHo$
J^m©YmZm{X-g§ñH$ma¡…Ÿ=Ÿ MŸ=Ÿ{ZíM` hr g³Ü`mOn…Ÿ=Ÿg³Ü`m Aé On XodH$mo AM©Z, B{VŸ=ŸBZ
J^m©YmZ Am{X g§ñH$magm| h[a^md…Ÿ=Ÿ~«÷^md hmo_…Ÿ=Ÿhmo_ fQ²>H$_©H¥$V²Ÿ=ŸN>o H$_© H$[adodmamo
{ÛO¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{ÛOZ²H$m| ZŸ=ŸZmht ñdmÜ`m`…Ÿ=ŸAYrV doXH$mo AmdV©Z ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
Xoh…Ÿ=ŸXoh, {hŸ=ŸAdí` (Ÿ^d{VŸ)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho.
^mdmW© : gmo N>o {ZË`H$_© `m àH$ma OmZ| : emñÌ{d{Ygm| ñZmZ, g³Ü`m Amoa
^mdmW© : J^m©YmZ g§ñH$magm| bo`Ho$ _m¡ÄOr~ÝYZê$n `kmondrV g§ñH$ma n`©ÝV On, hmo_, n‹T>o ^ò doXH$mo AmdV©Z, {nV¥Vn©U, d¡ídXodHo$ XodH$mo nyOZŸ-ŸBZ N>o
g~ g§ñH$maZ²gm| {ÛO BVZ| ~«m÷U-j{Ì`-d¡í` AnZo XohH$mo g§emoYZ H$ao. Eg| H$_©Z²H$m| {ÛO {ZË` H$aoŸ&&20Ÿ&&
H$aoV| Xoh n{dÌ hmoB© V~ Xoh_| ^JdX²^mdH$s `mo½`Vm {gÕ hmoV ho AÝ`Wm
ZmqhŸ&&18Ÿ&& `Wm {h ñH$ÝY-emImZm§ Vamo _ y © b m{^fo M Z_² Ÿ &&
VWm gdm© h © U § `ñ_mV² n[aM`m© { d{Yh© a o … Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&
em¡ M mMma-{dhrZñ` Amgw a mdo e -gå^dmV² Ÿ && AVg² VXZw a mo Y o Z {ZË`H$_© H ¥ $ {Va² damŸ&&
VV… ñdmpôZH$-Y_m© U m_² AmMmamo @ {n àgÁ`Vo Ÿ &&19Ÿ&& AÝ`WmVw H¥ $ {Vì`© W m© Ì¡ d ½`© { df`m `V…Ÿ&&22Ÿ&&
em¡MmMma{dhrZñ`Ÿ=Ÿ VV…Ÿ=ŸVmV| `WmŸ=ŸOog|, Vamo…Ÿ=Ÿd¥jHo$ AV…Ÿ=ŸVmgm|

ew{Õ Am{X AmMmagm| a{hVH$m| ñdmpôZH$Y_m©Um§Ÿ=ŸAnZo X¡{ZH$ŸY_©Z²Ho$ _ybm{^foMZ§Ÿ=Ÿ_yb_| H$`m} OmVmo VXZwamoYoZŸ=ŸdmHo$ AZwgma
Amgwamdoegå^dmV²Ÿ=ŸAmgwamdoe AmMma…Ÿ=ŸAmMma, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ ObH$mo goMZ, {hŸ=Ÿhr {ZË`H$_©H¥${V…Ÿ=Ÿ{ZË`H$_© H$aZo
hmo`doH$s gå^mdZm hmo`doV| àgÁ`VoŸ=ŸàmßV hmoV h| ñH$ÝY-emImZm§Ÿ=ŸN>moQ>r-~‹S>r damŸ=Ÿloð>(Ÿñ`mV²)Ÿ=ŸhmoV h|
emImZ²Hy§$(ŸA{nŸ=Ÿhþ AÝ`WmŸ=ŸEg| Z H$ao V~
^mdmW© : Omo ì`pŠV ew{Õ Am{XHo$ AmMmaH$mo `Wm{d{Y nmbZ Zmqh H$aV ho ^d{V)Ÿ=ŸàmßV hmo` Om` ho VwŸ=ŸVmo, H¥${V…Ÿ=ŸH$`m} ^`mo
{VZHo$ XohopÝÐ`Z²_| Amgwamdoe hmo`doH$s nyU© gå^mdZm ahV ho. VmV| AnZo-AnZo
VWmŸ=ŸVmhr àH$magm| ì`Wm©Ÿ=Ÿ{Zî\$b
549 550
hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$s (ñ`mV²Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho ........AÝ`ñVw gXmMmamo@ñ` g§l`mV²Ÿ&&23Ÿ&&
n[aM`m©{d{Y…Ÿ=Ÿgodm{d{Y hþ `V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$
(ŸApñVŸ)=Ÿho, `ñ_mV²Ÿ=Ÿdmgm| (gm)Ÿ=Ÿdmo H¥${V Añ`Ÿ=Ÿ`mHo$ ({ÛOoVañVw)Ÿ=Ÿ{ÛOgm| {^ÝZ Vmo
gdm©h©U_²Ÿ=Ÿg~Z²H$mo nyOZ Ì¡d½`©{df`mŸ=Ÿ{ÌdJ© gå~ÝYr (Ÿ{ÛOñ`Ÿ)Ÿ=Ÿ{ÛOH$mo gXmMma…Ÿ=ŸgXmMma namÙ
(Ÿ^d{VŸ)Ÿ=Ÿhmo` OmV ho (^doV²)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho g§l`mV²Ÿ=Ÿ^br^m§{Vgm| Aml` bo`Ho$ (gZ²)Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$(ŸJwé§Ÿ=ŸJwéHo$
AÝ`ñVwŸ=ŸAÝ` Vmo ànÚoV²)Ÿ=ŸeaU_| Omdo
^mdmW© : Oog| d¥jHo$ _yb_| Ob S>m[adoV| d¥jHo$ nÌ, N>moQ>r-~‹S>r emIm Am{X
g~ ^mJZ²_| Ob Amnwhr nhm|{M OmV ho Vog| hr lrH¥$îUH$s godm{d{Ygm| g~H$s ^mdmW© : Amoa Omo {ÛO Z hmo` Vmo emñÌ_| H$ho AZwgma {ÛOZ²H$s n[aM`m© H$ao
nyOm hmo` OmV ho. VmV| dm AZwgma hr {ZË`H$_© H$aZmo CÎm_ ho. `{X Eg| Z H$ao Amoa gXmMma namÙ a{hHo$ ^pŠV_mJu` JwéH$s eaU OmdoŸ&&23Ÿ&&
Vmo (ŸOog| d¥jHo$ _yb_| Ob Z S>mao Amoa dmHo$ S>mbr-nÎmmZ²n| Ob S>maVmo aho Vmo
Obhþ ì`W© Om` Aé d¥jhþ gy{H$ Om` Eg|Ÿ) g~ H$_© {Zî\$b hmoB OmV h|.
(Ÿàn{Îm_mJ©_| Xr{jVZ²H$m|H$ d¡îUdmMmaH$moI n[anmbZ H$aZmo. Vm_| àW_
Š`m|Ÿ? Omo H$_©Z²gm| nyÁ` Vmo nwéfmoÎm_ lrH¥$îU hr h|, {dZH$m| N>m§{‹S>Ho$ H$_© H$ao
gßV{dY ^pŠVJ/1-7 H$mo CnXoeŸ)
Vmo H$_©~ÝYZgm| Ny>{Q>doHo$ ñWmZn| H$_©Z²gm| Amoa A{YH$ ~§Y Om`. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo Ego
H$_© Vmo Y_m©W©-H$m_ê$n {ÌdJ©H$m|hr {gÕ H$aV h|Ÿ&&22Ÿ&& bãÜdmZw J « h _² AmMm`m© V ² lrH¥ $ îUeaU§ OZ… H$ Ÿ&&
Ymaò V ² {VbH§ $ _mbm§ d¡ î UdmMmaVËna…Ÿ&&24Ÿ&&
J^m© Y mZm{Xg§ ñ H$ma¡ … ñdemImo Š V¡ a ² {ÛOmo `w V …Ÿ&&
Jw é § ànÚo X ² ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Ÿ&& AmMm`m©V²Ÿ=ŸAmMm`©V| d¡îUdmMmaVËna…Ÿ=Ÿ
AZwJ«h_²Ÿ=ŸH¥$nm,ŸMŸ=ŸAmoa d¡îUd_mJ©Ho$ AmMma_| VËna
AV…Ÿ=ŸVmV| J^m©YmZ Am{X g§ñH$ma lrH¥$îUeaU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUHo$ (gZ²)Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$
ñdemImoŠV¡…Ÿ=ŸAnZo doXH$s `wV…Ÿ=Ÿdmamo eaU_ÝÌH$s Xrjm {VbH§$Ÿ=ŸD$Üd©nwÊS´> {VbH$
emIm_| H$ho AZwgma ({ÛO…)Ÿ=Ÿ~«m÷U-j{Ì`-d¡í` bãÜdmŸ=ŸàmßV H$[aHo$ MŸ=ŸAmoa, _mbm§Ÿ=Ÿ_mbm H$m|
J^m©YmZm{Xg§ñH$ma¡…Ÿ=Ÿ Jwé§Ÿ=ŸJwéHo$, ànÚoV²Ÿ=ŸeaU_| Om` OZ:Ÿ=ŸXr{jV OZ YmaòV²Ÿ=ŸYmaU H$ao
^mdmW© : VmV| Omo {ÛO {ÌdJ©_| ~§{Ydmo Z MmhV hmo` Vmo VmH$m| AnZo doXH$s ^mdmW© : nw{ï>^pŠV_mJ©_| é{Mdmamo ì`pŠV nw{ï>^pŠV gåàXm`Ho$ gw`mo½`
emIm_| {Zê${nV J^m©YmZ Am{X g§ñH$magm| g§ñH¥$V hmo`Ho$ ^pŠV_mJu` JwéH$s AmMm`©d§eOH$s H¥$nm àmßV H$[aHo$ gd©àW_ {dZV| lrH¥$îUHo$ Zm__ÝÌdmar
eaU_| Om`dmo C{MV ho. eaUXrjmH$m| àmßV H$ao. Eg| ^JdÝ_mJ©_| Xr{jV hmo`Ho$ bbmQ>no Hw§$Hw$_gm|
D$Üd©nwÊS´> {VbH$ Aé H$ÊR>_| VwbgrH$mð>H$s _mbm gXm YmaU H$aoŸ&&24Ÿ&&
({ÛOoVa {eî`Z²Ho$ H$V©ì`H$mo {Zê$nUŸ)
551 552
gd© ñ d§ h[agmËH$m`ª ËÒo V ² gd© _ ² Ad¡ î Ud_² Ÿ && ZdrZ nmÌm{XH$ bmdZo. ñddUm©l_mZwgma {deof AmJ«hgm| ñZmZ-ImZ-nmZ-
qhò-H$må`m@Ý`XodmMm© `{X {ZË`§ M bm¡{H$H$_²Ÿ&&25Ÿ&& dñÌ-ñne© Am{X_| gXm ew{Õ amIo. Eg|hr ^JdËgå~ÝYr ldU-H$sV©Zm{X_|
gVV VËna aho. Eg| H$aoV| ^ŠV à^wH$m| {à` hmoV hoŸ&&26Ÿ&&
(ŸŸVV…Ÿ=ŸVm nmN>| qhò-H$må`m@Ý`XodmMm©:=
VoZŸ)Ÿ=ŸdmH$m|, gd©ñd§Ÿ=Ÿg~ H$Nw> qhgmdmao VWm H$m_ZmdmaoŸH$_© hao J w © U mZm§ ldU§ Á`m`mo ä `… e¥ U w ` mV² gXm J/1&&
h[agmËH$m`©_²Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$ŸAYrZŸH$aZmo Aé AÝ` XodVmZ²H$mo AM©Z OmV{ej… `dr`mo ä `… H$sV© ` o X Ý`W¡ H $b… J/2 &&27Ÿ&&
(MŸ=ŸAé, g…)Ÿ=Ÿdmo ËÒoV²,Ÿ=ŸN>m§‹S>o,
Ad¡îUd_²Ÿ=Ÿd¡îUd_mJ©gm|Ÿ{^ÝZ {ZË`§Ÿ=Ÿà{V{XZmŸH$[adoHo$ŸH$_© hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$ OmV{ej…Ÿ=Ÿñd`§ AÜ``Z
gdªŸ=Ÿg~, ËÒoV²Ÿ=ŸN>m§‹S>o MŸ=Ÿhþ, `{XŸ=ŸOmo JwUmZm§Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²H$mo (gZ²)Ÿ=ŸH$[aHo$
bm¡{H$H§$Ÿ=Ÿbm¡{H$H$ VXm{n)=gmohþ ldU§Ÿ=ŸldU `dròä`…Ÿ=ŸN>moQ>oZ²H|$ Vm§B©
(MoV²Ÿ=Ÿhm|` ËÒoV² =N>m§S>o (ŸHw$`m©V²)Ÿ=ŸH$ao H$sV©òV²Ÿ=ŸH$sV©Z H$ao
^mdmW© : d¡îUd ^ò nmN>| AnZmo gd©ñd lrh[aHo$ AmYrZ H$aZmo. Omo H$Nw> Á`m`moä`…Ÿ=Ÿ~‹S>oZ²V| AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZqh Vmo
Ad¡îUd AmMma nyd©_| H$aV hm|` gmo g~ N>mo‹S>Zo. Ordqhgm Om_| hmoVr hmo` Ego (M)Ÿ=Ÿhþ, gXmŸ=ŸgXm EH$b…Ÿ=ŸBH$bmohþ
H$_©, H$må` H$_© Aé AÝ`XodVmZ²H$s nyOm-AM©Zm g~ N>m§‹S>o. {ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ e¥Uw`mV²Ÿ=ŸldU H$ao (ŸH$sV©òV²Ÿ)Ÿ=ŸH$sV©Z H$ao
emñÌr` H$_©hþ `{X d¡îUd_mJ©gm| {dnarV hm|` Vmo {dZH$m| hþ N>m§‹S>o. Eg| hr
bmoH$V… àmßV d¡îUdVmgm| {dnarV H$m`©Z²H$mo hþ Ë`mJ H$aoŸ&&25Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : ~‹S>oZ²gm| gXm ^JdËgå~ÝYr ldU H$ao. Omo ldU H$sZmo hmo` dmH$s
ÑT>VmHo$ AW© ñd`§hþ dmH$mo Aä`mg H$ao. g“r ^ŠVZ²Ho$ AmJ| ^JdËH$sV©Z H$ao.
ny d © ^ mÊS>m{XH§ $ gdª n[aË`Á` {dew { ÕV… I Ÿ&& gËnwéfH$mo g“ àmßV Z hmo` Vmo BH$bmo hr ^JdËH$sV©Z H$aoŸ&&26Ÿ&&
ldUm{Xnamo {ZË`§ hao … ào _ mñnXmo ^do V ² Ÿ &&26Ÿ&&
A{Vgw Ý Xaê$nm{U brbmYm_m{Z g§ ñ _ao V ² J/3Ÿ &&
nyd©^mÊS>m{XH§$Ÿ=Ÿn{hboHo$ ldUm{Xna…Ÿ=ŸldUm{X_| namÙ nmXgo d m hao … H$m`m© gd© g ånpÝZHo $ VZ¡ … J/4Ÿ&&28Ÿ&&
nmÌ Am{X, gdªŸ=Ÿg~ H$Nw> (gZ²)Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$
n[aË`Á`Ÿ=ŸH$m{‹T>Ho$ hao…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$mo hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$ gd©gånpÝZHo$VZ¡…=ŸAnZo Ka-
{dew{ÕV…Ÿ=Ÿ{deof n{dÌVmV| ào_mñnX:Ÿ=Ÿào_^mOZ A{VgwÝXaê$nm{UŸ=ŸAË`ÝV YZ-gån{Îmgm|, hao…Ÿ=Ÿà^wHo$
{ZË`§Ÿ=ŸgXm ^doVŸ² =Ÿ~Z| gwÝXa ê$nZ²H$mo, MŸ=ŸAé nmXgodmŸ=ŸMaUH$_bH$s godm
brbmYm_m{ZŸ=ŸbrbmYm_Z²H$mo (A{n)Ÿ=Ÿhþ
^mdmW© : Xr{jV hmo`doV| n{hbo AnZo Cn`moJ_| AmdVo g~ nmÌm{XH$ H$m{‹T>Ho$ g§ñ_aoV²,Ÿ=ŸgVV ñ_aU H$ao H$m`m©Ÿ=ŸAdí` H$aZr
553 554
Xmñ`§Ÿ=ŸXmgnZm|, Ed§Ÿ=ŸEg| A{YH$mar, ^doV²Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho
^mdmW© : Oog| ^JdËgå~ÝYr ldU-H$sV©Z H$ao Eg| hr à^wHo$ gdm©{YH$ gwÝXa
ñdê$n Aé à^wHo$ Abm¡{H$H$ brbmYm_Z² H$mo hþ gVV ñ_aU H$aVmo aho. Eg|hr ^mdmW© : EH$_mÌ lrH¥$îUH$mo hr Aml` (ŸAZÝ`VmŸ) Aé lrH¥$îUH$m| g_{n©V
à^wHo$ MaUH$_bH$s godmhþ AnZo Ka-YZ Am{X gd©ñdHo$ {d{Z`moJnyd©H$ Adí` nXmW©H$mo hr ^moOZ (Ÿg_{n©V OrdZŸ) VmH$m| "à^wH$mo XmgnZmo' H$hV h|. `m
H$aoŸ&&27Ÿ&& àH$magm| ldUgm| bo`H|$ Xmñ` n`©ÝV gmV àH$maH$s ^pŠVHo$ gå`J² AZwð>mZgm|
eaUmJ{V {gÕ hmoVŸhoŸ&&30Ÿ&&
AM© Z § àË`h§ Vñ` {d{YZm {Z`_o Z M J/5 Ÿ&&
dÝXZ§ MaUmå^mo O o Vñ` ^mdZ`m{Ibo J/6 Ÿ&&29Ÿ&& (Ÿàn{Îm_mJ© _ | Xr{jVZ² H $m| d¡ î Ud d« V mo Ë gd K nÄM`kL> VrW© d mg M
d¡îUd{VbH$m{X ~mô`mä`ÝVa {MôZH$moN>-O YmaU Am{XH$mo CnXoeŸ)
àË`h§Ÿ=Ÿà{V{XZ MŸ=ŸAmoa,A{IboŸ=Ÿg~ ny d © { dÕ§ n[aË`mÁ`§ d« V § VX² { dîUw n ÄMH$_² Ÿ &&
*Ÿ4
{Z`_oZŸ=Ÿ{Z`_gm| OJ{VŸ=ŸOJV²_| O`ÝVr Vy X ò @ Ýò Z Xw î Q>mÝ`mß`éUmo X `mV² Ÿ &&31Ÿ&&
{d{YZmŸ=Ÿ{d{Ygm| Vñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$s
Vñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$mo ^mdZ`mŸ=Ÿ^mdZmgm| {dîUwnÄMH§$Ÿ=Ÿ{dîUwŸgå~ÝYrŸnm§M AÝòZŸ=ŸXygar {V{WZ²gm|
AM©Z§Ÿ=ŸAM©Z MaUmå^moOoŸ=Ÿ{dZHo$ MaUH$_b_| (Mm`m] am_Z¥qghdm_ZH¥$îUO`ÝVr XwîQ>mŸ=ŸXy{fV, (M)Ÿ=ŸAé
(Hw$`m©V²)Ÿ=ŸH$ao dÝXZ§Ÿ=ŸdÝXZ, (Hw$`m©V²)Ÿ=ŸH$ao AéŸnm§M_r EH$mXerŸH$mo) d«V§Ÿ=Ÿd«V AÝ`mŸ=ŸXygar
nyd©{dÕ§Ÿ=Ÿnyd©Ÿ{V{WHo$ doYdmao (EH$mXer)Ÿ=ŸEH$mXerŸA{nŸ=Ÿhþ
(MoV²)Ÿ=Ÿhm|` Vmo, VV²Ÿ=Ÿ{VZH$m| AéUmoX`mV²Ÿ=Ÿgy`m©X`V|
^mdmW© : _mhmËå`kmZnyd©H$ bmoH${dbjU CnMmaZ²gm| à{V{XZ {Z`_gm| à^wH$s n[aË`mÁ`_²Ÿ=ŸVOZo (XwîQ>mŸ=ŸXmofdmar
godm H$ao. g_J« OJV²_| ^JdXmË_H$VmH$mo ^md am{IHo$ AnZo_| ^JdX§eVmH$mo O`ÝVrŸ=ŸOÝ_moËgd MoV²)Ÿ=Ÿ`{X hmo` Vmo
X¡Ý`nyd©H$ ñ_aU H$[aHo$ lÕm nyd©H$ à^wHo$ MaUH$_b_| dÝXZ H$aoŸ&&29Ÿ&& VwŸ=ŸVmo, CXòŸ=Ÿgy`m}X`_| Ë`mÁ`mŸ=ŸVOZr
Xmñ`§ VXo H $eaU§ VËàgmX¡ H $-^mo O Z_² J/7 Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : nyd© {V{WH$mo Om {V{W_| doY Am§dVmo hmo` dm {XZ EH$mXer, O`ÝVr
Ed§ gßV{dYm ^pŠV… ànÝZm{YH¥ $ Vm ^do V ² Ÿ &&30Ÿ&& Am{X {dîUwnÄMH$ d«VmoËgd VOZo. gy`m}X` H$mb_| Omo {V{W hmo` dmhrH$m| dm
{XZH$s {V{W _m{ZHo$ lrH¥$îUO`ÝVr Am{X CËgd H$aZo. Eg| hr EH$mXer hþ
VXoH$eaU§Ÿ=ŸEH$ dmH$mo hr eaU gßV{dYm…Ÿ=ŸgmV àH$maH$s AÝ` {V{WHo$ doYdmar hmo` Vmo VOZr.
VËàgmX¡H$^moOZ§Ÿ=ŸdmHo$ CpÀN>ï> ^pŠV…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV(ŸHo$ H$mOŸ)
àgmXH$mo hr ^moOZ ànÝZm{YH¥$VmŸ=ŸeaUmJ{V_| dfm© { lVmÝ`w Ë gdm{Z ñdm{lVmÝ`{n `mÝ`w V K Ÿ&&
555 556
*Ÿ5
Vm{Z gdm© { U haò ô`Zw H y $ bm{Z Mmn© ` o V ² Ÿ &&32Ÿ&& àgmXmo @ {n ~{b… H$m`© … ñdmË_g§ ñ H$maEd g…Ÿ&&
AÝZñ` MmË_ZíMm{n VËg§ ñ H$mao U VËna…Ÿ&&34Ÿ&&
`m{ZŸ=ŸOmo A{n MŸ=Ÿhþ (ŸCËgdŸ)
dfm©{lVm{ZŸ=Ÿdf©âHo$ AZwHy$bm{ZŸ=ŸAZwHy$b ~{b…Ÿ=Ÿ^yV`k, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ H$m`©…Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo, g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo
CËgdm{ZŸ=ŸCËgd, CVŸ=ŸAé (MoV²)Ÿ=Ÿhm|` Vmo àgmX:Ÿ=Ÿ^JdÝ_hmàgmX(gm|) ñdmË_g§ñH$ma:Ÿ=ŸAmË_g§ñH$ma
ñdm{lVm{ZŸ=Ÿñd_ZmoaWO{ZV Vm{ZŸ=Ÿ{VZH$m| Ed=hr,^d{V=hmoV ho M A{n=hþ
gdm©{UŸ=Ÿg^r Vahgm| haòŸ=Ÿh[aH$m| (ŸAV…Ÿ)Ÿ=ŸVmV| VËg§ñH$maoUŸ=Ÿdm g§ñH$magm|
{hŸ=ŸAdí` An©òV²Ÿ=ŸA{n©V H$ao AÝZñ`Ÿ=ŸAÝZ, MŸ=ŸAé VËna…Ÿ=ŸVËna
AmË_Z:Ÿ=ŸAmË_mH$mo (Ÿ^doVŸ² )Ÿ=ŸhmoZmo
^mdmW© : df©â_| Am§dVo CËgd Aé ñd_ZmoaWgm| O{ZV CËgd hþ gmYZ-
gån{Îm, ñdmñÏ`, g_` Am{XH$s AZwHy$bVm hmo` Vmo {dZ g~H$m|hþ Adí` ^mdmW© : JmoJ«mg Am{X ^yV`khþ à^wHo$ _hmàgmXgm|hr H$aZo. dmo AnZo AmË_mH$mo
à^wZ²Ho$ gmW _ZmdZ|Ÿ&&32Ÿ&& g§ñH$ma hr ho. VmV| AÝZ Aé AmË_m Ho$ dm hr g§ñH$magm| VËna ahoZmoŸ&&34Ÿ&&
lmÕm{Z Mmo Î m_mÝò d d¡ í dXo d § M X¡ d H$_² Ÿ && {dàm Jmdmo hao ^ © Š Vm… gXm ny Á `m hao … {à`m…Ÿ&&
hao … àgmXV… Hw $ `m© V ² VVg² V¥ p ßVaZw Î m_mŸ&&33Ÿ&& J¥ h ñWñ`m{V{W`© ñ _mV² ny Á `mo XrZmo X`mñnX… L>&&35Ÿ&&
CÎm_m{ZŸ=ŸCÎm_ Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$aZ|,VV…Ÿ=ŸVmgm| {dàm…Ÿ=Ÿ~«m÷U, Jmd…Ÿ=ŸJm` (ko`m…)Ÿ=ŸOmZ Zo

lmÕm{ZŸ=ŸlmÕ, MŸ=ŸAé ({nV¦Um§Ÿ=Ÿ{nV¦Z²H$m| hao… ^ŠVm…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdX²^ŠV J¥hñWñ`Ÿ=ŸJ¥hñWH$m|
d¡ídXod§Ÿ=Ÿd¡ídXod MŸ=ŸAé,ŸXodmZm§)=ŸXodVmZ²H$m| `ñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$, hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$ A{V{W…Ÿ=ŸA{V{W
X¡dH§$Ÿ=ŸXod gå~ÝYr AZwÎm_mŸ=ŸCÎm_moÎm_ {à`m…Ÿ=Ÿ{à` hmoV h| nyÁ`moŸ=ŸnyÁ`, (^d{V)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho
MŸ=ŸAdí`, hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$ V¥pßV…Ÿ=ŸgÝVmof (Vñ_mV²)Ÿ=ŸVmV| XrZíMŸ=ŸXw:Ir, X`mñnXmoŸ=ŸX`mnmÌ
àgmXV…Ÿ=ŸàgmXgm| (Ÿ^d{VŸ)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho gXmŸ=ŸgXm, nyÁ`mŸ=ŸnyÁ` (Ÿ^d{VŸ)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho
^mdmW© : CÎm_ lmÕm{XH$ Aé {dídoXod gå~ÝYr Aé AÝ`hþ XodVm gå~ÝYr ^mdmW© : ~«m÷U, Jm` Aé ^JdX²^ŠV à^wH$m| {à` h| VmV| BZ g~Z²H$mo gËH$ma
gd© H$m`© AmJ«hgm| ^JdÝ_hmàgmXgm| hr H$ao. VmV| {nV¦Z²H$m| Aé ^JdmZ²Ho$ Adí` H$aZmo. `mhr àH$magm| J¥hñWH$m| A{V{W hþ nyÁ` hmoV ho. J¥hñWH$m| Xw:Ir
H$_©g{Md XodVmZ²H$m| hþ CÎm__moÎm_ V¥pßV hmoV hoŸ&&33Ÿ&& OZZ²n| X`m^md amIZmoŸ&&35Ÿ&&
557 558
OJÝZmWo Ûm[aH$m`m§ lra“o d«O_ÊS>boŸ&&
`Ì nyOmàdmh… ñ`mV² VÌ {VîR>oÀM VËna…Ÿ&&36Ÿ&& D$Üd©nwÊS´>m{UŸ=ŸD$Üd©nwÊS´> {VbH$ _¥Ý_wÐmŸ=ŸJmonrMÝXZgm| Zm_m{X _wÐm
VwbgrH$mð>OmŸ=ŸVwbgrH$mð>H$s ~mô`m‘>m{ZŸ=Ÿ~mø bjU,Ÿ(MŸ=ŸAé)
OJÝZmWoŸ=ŸOJÝZmWnwar_| Ûm[aH$m`m§Ÿ=ŸÛm[aH$mnwar_| òH²$Ÿ=Ÿ_mbm, A{nŸ=Ÿhþ empÝV{daŠV`…Ÿ=ŸempÝV VWm {dapŠV
lra“oŸ=Ÿlra“Or_| ñ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` ^ŠVo…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠVHo$ AmÝVam{UŸ=ŸAmÝVa bjU, ñ`w…Ÿ=ŸhmoV h|
d«O_ÊS>boŸ=Ÿd«O_ÊS>b_| VÌŸ=ŸVhm§
`ÌŸ=ŸOhm§, MŸ=ŸH$hþ§ VËna…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²_| namÙ ^mdmW© : D$Üd©nwÊS´> {VbH$, JmonrMÝXZgm| Zm_m{X_wÐm Aé VwbgrH$mð>gm| ~Zr
nyOmàdmh…Ÿ=ŸnyOmH$mo AZdaV H«$_ (gZ²=Ÿhmo`Ho$){VîR>oV²Ÿ=ŸahZmo _mbm ò ^pŠV_mJuHo$ ~mø bjU h|. Eg| hr empÝV VWm {dapŠV ^pŠV_mJuHo$
AmÝVa bjU h|Ÿ&&38Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : OJÝZmWnwar, ÛmaH$mnwar, d«O_ÊS>b Am{X ^JdËñWmZZ²_| Ohm§-H$hþ
AZdaV ^JdËnyOm AZw{ð>V hmoVr hmo` Vhm§ ^JdmZ²_| namÙ hmo`Ho$ ahoŸ&&36Ÿ&& e_mo X_ñVn… em¡ M § jmpÝVamO© d _o d MŸ&&
X`m XmZ§ M {dkmZ§ lÕm X¡ d mË_gånX…Ÿ&&39Ÿ&&
J“m{X-VrW© - d`} f w `Wm {MÎm§ Z Xw î `{V M Ÿ&& X¡ d mË_gånX… nw § g … ^pŠV^© d {V Z¡ p îR>H$s N>-O Ÿ&&
ldUmÚ¡ … Ôo X o d § lr^mJdVVËna…Ÿ&&37Ÿ&&
e_:Ÿ=ŸAmÝVa BpÝÐ`Z²n| g§`_ MŸ=ŸBË`m{X
J“m{XVrW©d`}fwŸ=ŸJ“mOr Ed§Ÿ=ŸEg| X_…Ÿ=Ÿ~mø BpÝÐ`Z²n| g§`_ X¡dmË_gånX…Ÿ=ŸX¡dr OrdHo$ JwU
Am{X loð> VrW©Z²_| lr^mJdVVËna…Ÿ=Ÿlr^mJdV_| VËna Vn…Ÿ=ŸH$ï>H$m| ghZmo EdŸ=Ÿ{ZíM`(gpÝVŸ=Ÿh|)
`WmŸ=ŸOog|, {MÎm§Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎm (gZ²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$)Ed§Ÿ=ŸVWm em¡M§Ÿ=Ÿn{dÌVm X¡dmË_gånX…Ÿ=ŸX¡dr OrdHo$ JwUdmao
ZŸ=ŸZmht ldUmÚ¡…Ÿ=ŸldU Am{Xgm| jmpÝV:Ÿ=ŸY¡`©Ÿ/Ÿj_merbVm nw§g…Ÿ=ŸnwéfH$m|
Xwî`{VŸ=ŸXy{fV hmodo (à^w§)Ÿ=Ÿà^wH$m| ÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔo AmO©d§Ÿ=ŸgabVm ^pŠV…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV, MŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMV
X`mŸ=ŸX`m, XmZ§Ÿ=ŸXmZ Z¡pîR>H$sŸ=ŸÑT>{Zð>mdmar
^mdmW© : J“mOr Am{X loð> VrW©Z²_|, A{V {ZH$Q>Vm Am{XHo$ H$maU VrW©Ho$ {dkmZ§Ÿ=ŸVÎdkmZ,ŸlÕmŸ=ŸlÕm ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV ho
AZmXa Am{Xê$n XmofZ²gm| {MÎm Oog| Xy{fV Zmht hmo` dm àH$magm| lr^mJdV_|
VËna hmo`Ho$ à^wH$mo ldUm{Xgm| ÔZ H$aoŸ&&37Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : AmÝVa VWm ~mø BpÝÐ`Z²n| g§`_, H$ï>ŸghZmo,Ÿemór` gXmMmaHo$
AZwgma n{dÌVm amIZr, Y¡`©Ÿ/Ÿj_merbVm, gabVm, X`m, XmZ, VÎdkmZ,
D$Üd© n w Ê S´ > m{U _¥ Ý _w Ð m Vw b gr-H$mîR>Om{n òH² $ Ÿ&& lÕm BË`m{X X¡dr OrdZ²Ho$ JwU OmZZ|.ŸEgo X¡dr JwUdmao nwéfH$m| ^JdX²^pŠV
~mô`m‘>mÝ`mÝVam{U ñ`w… ^ŠVo: empÝV-{daŠV`…Ÿ&&38Ÿ&& {ZíM`Ÿhr ÑT>{Zð>mdmar hmoV hoŸ&&39Ÿ&&
559 560
(ŸBZ JwUZ²Ho$ H$maU ^pŠV O~ gdm©Ë_^mdmnÝZm1 hmodo V~ `m bmoH$_| gd©ÌŸ=Ÿg~ {R>H$mZo ZÝXZÝXZoŸ=ŸlrH¥$îU_|
ànÄM{dñ_¥{Vnyd©H$ ^JdXmgpŠV2 Aé d¡Hw$ÊR>m{X ^JdëbmoH$_| godmon`moJr {daŠVñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{daŠVH$m|, EdŸ=Ÿhr amJ…Ÿ=Ÿào_,Ÿñ`mX²Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho
XohH$s àmpßV3hþ \${bV hmoV hoŸ) VoZŸ=ŸdmV|,ŸAmgpŠV…Ÿ=ŸAgpŠV ànÄMmñ\w$aU§Ÿ=ŸànÄMH$s {dñ_¥{V
``m "gdm©Ë_^mdm'»`m nam {g{Õ… ñd`§ ^doV²1Ÿ&&40Ÿ&& ì`gZ§Ÿ=Ÿì`gZ MŸ=Ÿhþ,Ÿ^doV²Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho
``mŸ=ŸOm(Z¡pîR>Š`mŸ=ŸÑT>,Ÿ^ŠË`mŸ=Ÿ^pŠVgm|) namŸ=ŸCËH¥$ï>,Ÿ{g{Õ…Ÿ=Ÿ{g{Õ ^mdmW© : Omo gd©Ì d¡am½`dmamo hmo` dmH$m| hr ZÝXZÝXZ lrH¥$îU_| ào_ hmoV ho.
"gdm©Ë_^mdm'»`mŸ=Ÿ"gdm©Ë_^md' ñd`§Ÿ=ŸAmnwhr ào_V| AmgpŠV hmoV ho, AmgpŠVV| ì`gZ Aé ànÄMH$s Añ\y${V© nyd©H$ _ZH$mo
Zm_gm| OmZr OmVr ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿ{gÕ hmoV ho ^JdmZ²_| {ZamoY {gÕ hmoV hoŸ&&42Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : Z¡{ð>H$s ^pŠVHo$ H$maU "gdm©Ë_^md' Zm_gm| à{gÕ CËH¥$ï> {g{Õ Ed§ {ZéÕ{MÎmñ`mZw J ¥ h rVñ` Mo { eVw … Ÿ&&
ñd`§ hr àmßV hmoV hoŸ&&40Ÿ&& brbmàdoemo3@nrîQ>íM ""Vñ_mZ² _ÀN>aUmo''pŠVV…Ÿ&&43Ÿ&&
gd© d ñVw f w d¡ a m½`§ Xmo f ÑîQ>çm {d^mdò V ² Ÿ && Ed§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magm|,ŸB©{eVw…Ÿ=ŸB©eHo$ _ÀN>aU(_²)''Ÿ=Ÿ_| eaU hÿ§
X_ZmX² BpÝÐ`mUm§ M gÝVw î Q> ç m{n M {gÜ`{VŸ&&41Ÿ&& AZwJ¥hrVñ`Ÿ=ŸH¥$nmdmao CpŠVV…Ÿ=Ÿ`m CpŠVgm|
MŸ=ŸAé brbmàdoe…Ÿ=Ÿ^Jdëbrbm_| àdoe
XmofÑîQ>çmŸ=ŸXmofdmar Ñ{ï>gm| X_ZmX²Ÿ=ŸX_ZV|, MŸ=ŸAé {ZéÕ{MÎmñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{ZéÕ {MÎmdmaoH$mo MŸ=ŸAé, BîQ>…Ÿ=ŸBï>
gd©dñVwfwŸ=Ÿg~ dñVyZ²_| gÝVwîQ>çmŸ=ŸgÝVmofV| ""Vñ_mZ²Ÿ=ŸVmV| A{nŸ=Ÿhþ,Ÿ(Ÿ^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV ho)
d¡am½`§Ÿ=Ÿd¡am½`H$s A{nŸ=Ÿhþ
{d^mdòVŸ² =Ÿ{deofê$ngm| ^mdZm H$ao MŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMVê$ngm|(VX²=dmo) ^mdmW© : `m àH$magm| OmH$mo {MÎm à^w_| {ZéÕ ^`mo hmo` Aé OmHo$ D$na
BpÝÐ`mUm§Ÿ=ŸBpÝÐ`Z²Ho$ {gÜ`{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmoV ho à^wH$s H¥$nm ^B© hmo` dmH$mo brbm_| àdoe hþ Bï> hr ho gmo JmodY©ZmoÕaUHo$ g_`
^JdmZ²H$o ""VmV| _| hr JmoH$w bH$mo Aml` hÿ§ ...'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.10Ÿ&22Ÿ/Ÿ25Ÿ&18Ÿ)
^mdmW© : XmofÑ{ï> am{IHo$ gd© dñVyZ²_| d¡am½`H$s {d^mdZm H$ao. BpÝÐ`Z²n| g§`_ BË`m{X dMZV| {gÕ hmoV hoŸ&&43Ÿ&&
Aé gÝVmof am{IdoV| hþ Adí` d¡am½` {gÕ hmoV hoŸ&&41Ÿ&&
(ŸEgo VmÑer d¡îUdZ²H$s `m ^yVbno pñW{V AÝ` OrdZ²Ho$ Oogr H$mb-
gd© Ì ¡ d {daŠVñ` amJ… ñ`mX² ZÝXZÝXZo Ÿ && H$_©-ñd^mdmYrZ hmoV ZmhtŸ)
Vo Z mgpŠVíM ì`gZ§ ànÄMmñ\w $ aU§ 2 ^do V ² Ÿ &&42Ÿ&&
561 562
Z nmn§ g H$amo Ë ò d à_mXo Ëdmew {ZîH¥ $ {V…Ÿ&& Aey Ý `m {Xdgm `m_m… _w h ÿ V © - K{Q>H$m-bdm…Ÿ&&
AkmV-ñI{bVmZm§ M h[aao d nam J{V…Ÿ&&44Ÿ&& ^JdX² ^ OZ¡ … H$m`m© … g§ g mamgpŠVaÝ`WmŸ&&46Ÿ&&
g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo, nmn§Ÿ=Ÿnmn {ZîH¥${V…Ÿ=ŸNw>Q>H$mam(^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV ho) {Xdgm…Ÿ=Ÿ{Xdg AeyÝ`m…Ÿ=Ÿa{hV Zmht

ZŸ=ŸZmht, EdŸ=Ÿhr AkmVñI{bVmZm§Ÿ=ŸAkmZgm| `m_m…Ÿ=Ÿàha; VrZ KÊQ>m H$m`m©…Ÿ=ŸH$aZo
H$amo{V,Ÿ=ŸH$ao ho n{VV ^òZ²Ho$, MŸ=Ÿ{ZpíMV _whÿV©-K{Q>H$m-bdm…Ÿ=Ÿ AÝ`WmŸ=ŸZqh Vmo
à_mXoŸ=ŸAkmZ_|, VwŸ=ŸVmo h[a…Ÿ=Ÿh[a, EdŸ=Ÿhr, namŸ=ŸApÝV_ 48 {_{ZQ>, 24 {_{ZQ>, jU g§gmamgpŠV…Ÿ=Ÿg§gma_| AmgpŠV
AmewŸ=ŸerK« J{V…Ÿ=ŸCnm`Ÿ/ŸgmYZ, (ŸApñVŸ)=Ÿh| ^JdX²ÔZ¡…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdX²ÔZgm| (Ÿ^d{VŸ)Ÿ=Ÿhmo` OmV ho
^mdmW© : Egmo ^JdXr` H$~hþ nmnH$_© Zmht H$aV ho. H$~hþH$ AkmZV| H$moC ^mdmW© : {Xdg, àha, K‹S>r, jU_mÌ hþ ^JdX²ÔZ {dZm Z ahoZmo. ^JdX²ÔZ
{ZpÝXVŸ/Ÿ{Z{fÕ AmMaU hmo` Om` Vmo hþ erK«hr dmHo$ AnamYV| Ny>Q>r OmV ho. {dZm jU_mÌhþ aho Vmo g§gmamgpŠV hmo` OmV hoŸ&&46Ÿ&&
VmV| AkmZV| {OZH$mo ñIbZ hmoV ho {dZH$s EH$_mÌ J{V lrh[a hr h|Ÿ&&44Ÿ&&
(ŸOog| lrh[aH$mo ÔZ, Vog|B lrh[aH$s ^mdZm am{IHo$ Jwé Aé d¡îUd
*Ÿ6
h[aa² ^ŠVmnamYo f w X``¡ d àgrX{VŸ&& ^ŠVZ² Ho$ à{Vhþ Z_Z, AM©Z VWm X¡Ý` {Z^mdZoŸ)
Xmo f o f w Z J{VñVñ_mV² Xmo f mZ² gån[adO© ` o V ² Ÿ &&45Ÿ&& Jw é go d m Jw a mo a mkm Jw a m¡ lrh[a^mdZmŸ&&
Jw a m¡ ^`§ Jw a m¡ {g{Õ… ànÝZ… n[a^mdò V ² Ÿ &&47Ÿ&&
(`ñ_mV²)Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$ Vñ_mV²Ÿ=ŸVmV|
^ŠVmnamYofwŸ=Ÿ^ŠVHo$ AnamYZ²_| XmofmZ²=XmofZ²H$m| (ŸànÝZoZŸ=ŸeaUmJVH$m|) Jwam¡Ÿ=ŸJwé_|,^`§Ÿ=Ÿ^`
Xmoffo Ÿw =ŸXmofZ²_| gån[adO©`Vo Ÿ² =ŸgånyU© ê$ngm| N>mS‹o >o JwégodmŸ=ŸJwéH$s godm (ñWmnZr`_²Ÿ=ŸamIZmo)Ÿ(MŸ=ŸAé)
AÝ`mŸ=ŸXygamo h[a…Ÿ=Ÿh[a (ŸH$V©ì`mŸ=ŸH$aZr)Jwamo…Ÿ=ŸJwéH$s Jwam¡Ÿ=ŸJwé_|,Ÿ{g{Õ…Ÿ=Ÿ{g{Õ
J{V…Ÿ=ŸCnm` X``mŸ=ŸX`mV|, EdŸ=Ÿhr AmkmŸ=ŸAmkm(nmbZr`mŸ=ŸnmbZr) (ApñV B{VŸ=Ÿho Eg|)
ZŸ=ŸZmht,Ÿ(ApñVŸ=Ÿho) àgrX{VŸ=ŸàgÝZ hmoV h| Jwam¡Ÿ=ŸJwé_|,Ÿlrh[a^mdZmŸ= ànÝZ…Ÿ=ŸeaUmJV {eî`
lrh[aH$s ^mdZm(H$m`m©Ÿ=ŸH$aZr) n[a^mdòV²Ÿ=ŸAmN>r ^m§{Vgm| ^mdZm H$ao
^mdmW© : ^ŠVZ²H$s AnamY AWdm Xmof _|hþ ^JdX{V[aŠV AÝ` H$moB© J{V
Zmht ho. VmV| XmofZ²H$mo nyU©ê$ngm| Ë`mJ H$aZmo. VWm h[a {dZn| X`m H$[aHo$ àgÝZ ^mdmW© : eaUmJV {eî` JwéH$s godm H$ao, JwéH$s AmkmH$mo nmbZ H$ao, Jwé_|
hr ahV h| Egmo {dídmg amIZmoŸ&&45Ÿ&& lrh[aH$s ^mdZm H$ao, JwéH$mo ^` amIo, Jwé_| {g{ÕH$s ^mdZm H$ao. Eg| àH$magm|
eaUmJV {eî` ahoŸ&&47Ÿ&&
563 564
JX²JXH$ÊR>oZŸ=Ÿ^JdXmdoegm| ÐdVmŸ=Ÿ^JdËñZohgm| ÐdVm
^ŠVd¥ÝXmZ² Z_oX² AM}X² ÑîQ²dm öîòV²(/hfªŸ) g_mZòV²Ÿ&& JX²J{XV H$ÊR>Ho$,Ÿ{dZmŸ=Ÿ{dZm {dZmŸ=Ÿ{dZm, Z¥ËòZŸ=ŸZ¥Ë`Ho$
^ŠVoîdod§ h[a¨ gmjmV² àgmXoZ ì`dpñWV_²Ÿ&&48Ÿ&& MoVgmŸ=Ÿ{MÎmH$s (MŸ=ŸAé)JmZoZŸ=ŸJmZHo$,Ÿ{dZmŸ=Ÿ{dZm
h[aàr{V…Ÿ=Ÿh[a_| ào_, H$W§Ÿ=ŸHo$g|, ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`
^ŠVd¥ÝXmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVOZZ²H$m| g_mZòV²Ÿ=Ÿ~wbmdo
Z_oX²Ÿ=ŸZ_Z H$ao ^ŠVofwŸ=Ÿ^ŠVZ²_|,ŸEd§Ÿ=ŸEg| ^mdmW© : H$sV©Z H$aV ^JdXmdoegm| H$ÊR> JX²J{XV Z hmo`, ñ_aU H$aV
AM}X²Ÿ=ŸgËH$maŸH$ao(VmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$m|) àgmXoZŸ=ŸH¥$nmgm| ^JdËào_gm| {MÎm AmÐ© Z hmo`, Z¥Ë`-JmZ g{hV ^JdX²ÔZHo$ {dZm à^w_| ào_
ÑîQ²dmŸ=ŸXo{IHo$ ì`dpñWV§Ÿ=Ÿ{~amOVo,ŸgmjmV²Ÿ=ŸgmjmV² Ho$g| hmo`Ÿ?Ÿ&&51Ÿ&&
öîòV²,Ÿ=ŸàgÝZ hmo`(J¥h§Ÿ=ŸKa_|) h[a¨Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$m| (níòV²=XoIo)
""X¡ d r ôço f m Jw U _`r __ _m`m Xw a Ë``mŸ&&
^mdmW© : ^º$OZZ²H$m| àUm_ H$ao, {dZH$mo gËH$ma H$ao, AnwZo Ka_| {dZH$m| _m_o d ò ànÚÝVo _m`m_o V m§ VapÝV Vo ' 'Ÿ&&51Ÿ&&
~wbmdo. ^ŠVZ²Ho$ öX`_| ^JdmZ² gXm àgÝZVmgm| {~amOV h| VmV| ^ŠVZ²_|
^JdmZ²H$m| XoIoŸ&&48Ÿ&& EfmŸ=Ÿò,ŸJwU_`rŸ=ŸJwUdmar (ApñVŸ=Ÿho,ŸAV…Ÿ=ŸVmV|)òŸ=ŸOmo
X¡drŸ=ŸX¡dr, __Ÿ=Ÿ_oar _m_²Ÿ=Ÿ_moH$m|, EdŸ=Ÿhr
{dZm ^ŠVàg“o Z gXJw a mo … H¥ $ n`m {dZmŸ&& _m`mŸ=Ÿ_m`m, {hŸ=Ÿ{ZíM` hr ànÚÝVoŸ=ŸeaUmJV hm|`Ÿh|,ŸVoŸ=Ÿdmo
lr^mJdVemñÌo U {dZm ^pŠV… H$W§ ^do V ² Ÿ &&49Ÿ&& XwaË``mŸ=ŸH$ï>gm| OrVrOm` Egr
EVm§Ÿ=Ÿ`m,Ÿ_m`m§=_m`mH$m|,ŸVapÝV=V[aŸgHo$Ÿh|
^ŠVàg“oZŸ=Ÿ^ŠVHo$ g“Ho$ lr^mJdVemñÌoUŸ=Ÿlr^mJdV emóHo$
{dZmŸ=Ÿ{~Zm,ŸgX²Jwamo…Ÿ=ŸgX²JwéH$s {dZmŸ=Ÿ{~Zm,Ÿ^pŠV…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV ^mdmW© : ò JwU_`r _oar X¡dr _m`m {ZíM` hr H$ï>gm| OrVr Om gHo$ Egr ho.
H¥$n`mŸ=ŸH¥$nmHo$,Ÿ{dZmŸ=Ÿ{~Zm H$W§Ÿ=ŸHo$g|,Ÿ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo` VmV| Omo _oar eaU_| Amdo ho dmo hr _oar `m _m`mH$m| V[a gHo$ hoŸ&&51Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : ^ŠVHo$ g“ {dZm, gX²JwéH$s H¥$nm {dZm VWm lr^mdJdV emó {dZm (Ÿg¥{ï>Ho$ H$Vm© Ho$db ^JdmZ² h|, Vmgm| ò g¥{ï> ^JdXmpË_H$m ,ho1 gmo `m
lrH¥$îU_| ^pŠV Ho$g| hmo` gHo$Ÿ?Ÿ&&49Ÿ&& g¥{ï>_| nw{ï>OrdH$m| ÔZmZÝXmZw^dHo$ àXmZmW© àH$Q> {H$ò h|2, Vmgm| nw{ï>OrdH$m|
^JdXZwJ«hmW© {Z`mo{OV H$aZm|hþ ^JdËgodm hr ho3Ÿ)
H« $ sS>mW© _ ² Ag¥ O V² ny d ª ñdmË_Zm ñdmË_H§ $ OJV² Ÿ &&
{dZm JX² J XH$ÊR>o Z ÐdVm Mo V gm {dZmŸ&&
VÌ H$m`^dm nw p îQ>… brbmg¥ p îQ>a² AZw Î m_mŸ&&52Ÿ&&
{dZm Z¥ Ë ò Z JmZo Z h[aàr{V… H$W§ ^do V ² Ÿ ?Ÿ&&50Ÿ&&
565 566
(Ÿ^JdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Z)| nydŸª =Ÿn{hbo H«$sS>mWv={H«$S>mHo$ AW© ^JdmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²,Ÿ`ñ`Ÿ=ŸOmHw$ n[a{ZpîR>Vm_²Ÿ=ŸAË`ÝV pñWa
ñdmË_ZmŸ=ŸAmnwgm| Ag¥OV²Ÿ=ŸàH$Q> {H$`mo AZwJ¥ôUm{VŸ=ŸAZwJ¥hH$aoŸh| _qVŸ=Ÿ_{VH$m|,ŸOhm{VŸ=ŸË`mJ Xo ho
ñdmË_H§$Ÿ=ŸñdmË_H$-^JdXmË_H$ VÌŸ=ŸVm_|,ŸH$m`^dmŸ=ŸH$m`mV| àH$Q>
OJV²Ÿ=ŸOJVH$m| AZwÎm_mŸ=ŸCÎm_moÎm_ ^mdmW© : AmË_V`m ^m{dV ^JdmZ² Omn| H¥$nm H$ao h| dmo ^ŠV bmoH$ Aé doX
brbmg¥pîQ>…Ÿ=Ÿbrbmg¥{ï> nwpîQ>…Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>OrdZ²H$s(ŸApñVŸ)Ÿ=Ÿho _| n[a{Z{ð>V AnZr _{VH$m| hþ Ë`mJ Xo hoŸ&&54Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : ^JdmZ²Z| n{hbo Vmo H«$sS>mHo$ AW© Amnwgm| ñdmË_H$ BVZ| ^JdXmË_H$ * Ÿ8 AZw J « h o {Z`mo Á `mo @ V… g§ J « h … lw { Vgå_V…Ÿ&&
OJV² àH$Q> {H$`mo. Vm OJV²_| Omo X¡dr Ord h¢ {VZH$mo AnZr H$m`mV| àH$Q>r _hVm§ g_`mo _mZ§ _hmÝVmo @ Ì hao … {à`m…Ÿ&&55Ÿ&&
nw{ï>g¥{ï>H$s CÎm_moÎm_ brbm_| A“rH$ma {H$`moŸ&&52Ÿ&&
AV…Ÿ=ŸVmV|(ŸEVmÑe…Ÿ=ŸEgo) (ŸApñVŸ=Ÿho)AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§
dm_m§ e -gå^dmZmÝVw ÔZmZÝXbãYò Ÿ && AZwJh« Ÿo =ŸAZwJh« _| _mZ§Ÿ=Ÿàm_mU
{dg¥ î Q>mZm§ VVmo @ Ýò f m§ ZmÝ`m gmYZnÕ{V…Ÿ&&53Ÿ&& {Z`moÁ`…Ÿ=Ÿào[aV H$aZo _hVm§Ÿ=Ÿ_hmnwéfZ²H$mo
(^d{VŸ=ŸM{hò)(ŸVmÑe§Ÿ=Ÿdogmo g_`…=Ÿg_`/ì`dhma(ApñVŸ=Ÿho)
ÔZmZÝXbãYòŸ=ŸÔZmZÝXH$mo VwŸ=ŸVmo, VwŸ=ŸVmo)g§J«h…Ÿ=Ÿg§J«h hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$, {à`m…Ÿ=Ÿ{à`
XmZ H$[adoHo$ AW© VV…Ÿ=ŸVmV| lw{Vgå_V…Ÿ=ŸdoX gå_V _hmÝV…Ÿ=Ÿ_hmZ²,(gpÝV)=h|
{dg¥îQ>mZm_²Ÿ=Ÿ{deof hoVgw m| àH$Q> ^ò AÝ`mŸ=Ÿ{^ÝZ Xygamo
dm_m§e-gå^dmZm_²Ÿ=Ÿdm_ A§egm| gmYZnÕ{V…Ÿ=ŸCnm`, ZŸ=ŸZmht ^mdmW© : ^JdX²^{º$_| _{V pñWa hmo` VXW© bmoH$-doX_| AmgŠV X¡dr OrdZ²H$m|
àH$Q>^òZ²H$m|,ŸAÝòfm§Ÿ=ŸAÝ`Z²H$m| (ŸApñVŸ)Ÿ=Ÿho ^JdX² AZwJ«h_mJ©Ho$ à{V ào[aV H$aZo M{hò. Egmo bmoH$g§J«h (ŸnamonH$maŸ) hþ
doXgå_V hr ho. `hm§ à_mU _hmZ² nwéfZ²H$mo AmMa hþ ho. ^JdmZ²H$m| Oo {à` h|
^mdmW© : à^wHo$ dm_ A§egm| àH$Q> ^ò Ord Ho$ {OZH$m| à^yZ²Z| ÔZmZÝXH$mo do hr dñVwV: _hmZ² h|Ÿ&&55Ÿ&&
XmZ H$[adoH$m| àH$Q> {H$ò h| {dZH$m| `mV| {^ÝZ Xygamo H$moB© Cnm` Zmht hoŸ&&53Ÿ&&
(Ÿlr_X²^mJdVHo$ ""a{Vamgmo...'' 3Ÿ&7Ÿ&18 íbmoH$_| {Zê${nV ÔZmZÝXH$s
""`ñ`m`_² AZw J ¥ ô Um{V ^JdmZ² AmË_^m{dV…Ÿ&& CnbpãYHo$ H$mO AmË_g_n©Um{X gmYZZ²H$mo {Zê$nUŸ)
g Ohm{V _qV bmo H o $ do X o M n[a{ZpîR> V m_² ' 'Ÿ&&54Ÿ&& AVg² VXZw a mo Y o Z "a{Vamgmo ' `Wm ^do V ² Ÿ &&
VXWª daU§ H$m`ª *lrJmo n mb_hm_Zmo … Ÿ&&56Ÿ&&
A`§Ÿ=Ÿò g…Ÿ=Ÿdmo, bmoHo$Ÿ=ŸbmoH$_|
AmË_^m{dV…=ŸAmË_mgm|Ÿ^m{dV MŸ=ŸAé, doXoŸ=ŸdoX_| AV…Ÿ=ŸVmV| "a{Vamg:'Ÿ=Ÿa{Vamgê$n ÔZmZÝX
567 568
VXZwamoYoZŸ=ŸdmHo$ AZwgma ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿ{gÕ hmo` EdŸ=Ÿhr, lrJmonmb_Zw§Ÿ=ŸJmonmb_ÝÌH$mo, lòV²Ÿ=ŸAml` H$ao
`WmŸ=ŸOog| VXWªŸ=ŸdmHo$ AW©
lrJmonmb_hm_Zmo…Ÿ=ŸlrJmonmb_ÝÌH$moŸ/Ÿ""a{VàmXw^m©dmo ^dVw gVV§ lrn[ad¥T>o'' ^mdmW© : `m ^dgmJa_| ^Jd{Û`moJ Ap½ZXmhHo$ g_mZ² h¡. VmV| (ŸJÚ_ÝÌmoŠV
`m ñVmoÌH$mo, daU§Ÿ=ŸdaU, H$m`ªŸ=ŸH$aZmo àH$magw§Ÿ) ^JdpX²d`moJ OÝ` Ap½ZH$mo ñ_aU H$[aHo$ dm {d`moJmp½ZH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo$
AW© g~ H$Nw> à^yZ²Hy§$ An©U H$[aHo$ lrJmonmb_ÝÌH$mo Aml` H$aoŸ&&59Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : (Ÿ""`Ëgod`m ^JdV: ...a{Vamgmo ^doV'² ' íbmoH$_| JwégodmH$m| ^ŠË`wn`moJr
~VmB© hoŸ) VmV| JwéH$s AmkmHo$ AZwgma Oog| a{Vamgê$n ÔZmZÝX {gÕ hmo` ""Bï>§ XÎm§ Vnmo OßV§ d¥ V § `ÀMmË_Z… {à`_² Ÿ&&
dmHo$ AW© Jmonmb_ÝÌ AWdm n[ad¥T>mï>H$ ñVmoÌH$mo {ZË` AZwgÝYmZ H$aZmoŸ&&56Ÿ&& XmamZ² gwVmZ² J¥hmZ² àmUmZ² `V² nañ_¡ {ZdoXZ_²''Ÿ&&59Ÿ&&
Zm`_mË_m àdMZ¡ a ² Z {Y`m Z ~hþ l w V ¡ … Ÿ&& BîQ>§Ÿ=Ÿ`km{X, XÎm§Ÿ=ŸXmZ XmamZ²=ór

bä`Vo daU§ {hËdm d¥ V § g§ d ¥ U w V o lw V o … Ÿ&&57Ÿ&& Vn:Ÿ=ŸVn, OßV§Ÿ=ŸOn gwVmZ²=nwÌ,J¥hmZ²=Ka
d¥Îm§Ÿ=Ÿd«V àmUmZ²=àmU, VV²=dmo
A`§Ÿ=Ÿò,ŸAmË_mŸ=Ÿna_mË_m bä`VoŸ=ŸàmßV hmoV ho AmË_Z…Ÿ=Ÿñd`§H$m| nañ_¡ =^JdXW©
daU§Ÿ=ŸdaU,Ÿ{hËdmŸ=Ÿ{dZm d¥V§Ÿ=Ÿ{Z`_,ŸMŸ=ŸVmo {à`_² ={à`, `V²=Omo {ZdoXZ_²'={ZdoXZ(Hw$`m©V²=H$ao)
ZŸ=ŸZ,ŸàdMZoZ,Ÿ=ŸàdMZgm| g§d¥UwVoŸ=ŸdaU H$ao ho
ZŸ=ŸZ,Ÿ{Y`mŸ=Ÿ~w{Õgm| lwVo…Ÿ=Ÿlw{Vgm| ^mdmW© : g_ñVBï> BVZ| `km{X Aé nyV© BVZ| XmZ-On-Vn-d¥V Am{X
Z=Z,~hþlwV¡:=~hþV gwZdogm| (Ÿàm_mÊ`mV²Ÿ=Ÿàm_mÊ`gm|) H$_©Z²H$mo Aé AnZo {à` ór, nwÌ, Ka, àmU Am{X H$mohþ ^JdËgodmHo$ AW©
{ZdoXZ H$aoŸ&&59Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : ò na_mË_m daU {dZm Z àdMZgm|, Z ~w{Õgm|, Z Vmo ~hþV gw{Zdogm|hþ
àmßV hmo` gHo$ ho. daUH$mo ò {Z`_ lw{Vgm| à{gÕ ho. ""B{V ^mJdVmZ² Y_m© Z ² {ejZ² ^ŠË`m VXw Ë W`mŸ&&
ZmamÙnamo _m`m_² AÄOñVa{V Xw ñ Vam_² ' 'Ÿ&&60Ÿ&&
ñ_¥ Ë dm ñdr`{d`mo J mp½Z¨ VmnXmhmo ^dmå~w Y m¡ Ÿ &&
VV… gdª g_ß`£ d lrJmo n mb_Zw § lò V ² Ÿ &&58Ÿ&& ""B{VŸ=Ÿ`m àH$magm| ^ŠË`mŸ=Ÿ^pŠVV|
^mJdVmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ² gå~pÝY ZmamÙna…Ÿ=ŸZmamÙ namÙ
^dmå~wYm¡Ÿ=Ÿ^dgmJa_| ñdr`{d`moJmp½Z¨=AnZoŸ{d`moJmp½ZH$mo Y_m©Z²Ÿ=ŸY_©Z²H$m|, {ejZ²Ÿ=ŸOm{ZHo$ (gZ²)Ÿ=Ÿhmo`Ho$
VmnXmh…Ÿ=ŸVmnOÝ` Xmh ñ_¥ËdmŸ=Ÿñ_aU H$[aHo$VV…Ÿ=ŸVmV| VXwËW`mŸ=ŸdmV| CËnÝZ XwñVam_²Ÿ=ŸH${R>ZVmgm| V[a gH|$ Egr
(ŸApñVŸ=Ÿho, B{VŸ=ŸEg|) gdªŸ=Ÿg~,Ÿg_ß`©Ÿ=Ÿg_{n©VŸH$[aHo$
569 570
_m`m_²Ÿ=Ÿ_m`mH$m|, AÄO…Ÿ=ŸerK«, Va{VŸ=ŸV[a Om` ho
^mdmW© : Ad¡îUdZ²Ho$ g“ Z aho, {dZH$mo g§gJ© hþ Z H$ao. Šd{MV² g“ hmo`don|
^mdmW© : Ego àH$magm| ^mJdVY_©Z²H$m| Om{ZHo$, dmV| CËnÝZ ^B© ^pŠVgm| h[aH$mo Ü`mZ Yao. ...
ZmamÙ_| namÙ hmo`Ho$ ^ŠV XwñVa _m`mH$m|hþ erK«Vmgm| V[a Om` hoŸ&&60Ÿ&&
... ... ... ... ñZm`mV² H$_© { U _ÝÌV…Ÿ&&62Ÿ&&
Ed§ `mo J rídamo Š Vo Z ^pŠV_mJ} U `mo Òo V ² Ÿ && Xo h ew { Õ… gXm H$m`m© H$aew { Õ: {deo f V…Ÿ&&
gEdmVrË` H${bOmZ² Xmo f mZ² JÀN> o V ² na§ nX_² Ÿ &&61Ÿ&& ñdnmÌ§ ^JdËnmÌ§ ñZmZnmÌ§ Z _o b ò V ² Ÿ &&63Ÿ&&
Ed§Ÿ=ŸEg| H${bOmZ²Ÿ=ŸH${bH$mbHo$ H$_©{UŸ=ŸH$_©Z²_| H$aew{Õ…Ÿ=ŸhmWZ²H$s ew{Õ

`moJrídamoŠVoZŸ=Ÿ`moJrídaZ²Ho$ H$ho XmofmZ²Ÿ=ŸXmofZ²H$m| _ÝÌV…Ÿ=Ÿ_ÝÌgm| {deofV…Ÿ=Ÿ{deofê$ngm|, H$m`m©Ÿ=ŸH$aZr
^pŠV_mJ}UŸ=Ÿ^pŠV_mJ©gm| AVrË`Ÿ=Ÿnma H$[aHo$ ñZm`mV²Ÿ=ŸñZmZ H$aZmo ñdnmÌ§Ÿ=ŸAnZo ~mgZ
`…Ÿ=ŸOmo, ÒoV²Ÿ=ŸÔZ H$ao ho na§Ÿ=ŸCÎm_, nX_²Ÿ=Ÿ\$bH$m| Xohew{Õ…Ÿ=ŸXohH$s ew{Õ ^JdËnmÌ§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdËgodmon`moJr ~mgZ
g:Ÿ=Ÿdmo, EdŸ=Ÿhr JÀN>oV²Ÿ=ŸàmßV H$ao ho gXmŸ=ŸgXm ñZmZnmÌ§Ÿ=ŸñZmZHo$ ~mgZ
H$m`m©Ÿ=ŸAdí` H$aZr ZŸ=ŸZmht, _obòV²Ÿ=Ÿ{_bmZo
^mdmW© : Eg| (ŸEH$mXeñH$ÝY_| {Zê${nVŸ) `moJrídamoŠV ^pŠV_mJ©gm| Omo
^JdmZ²H$mo ÔZ H$ao ho dmo H${bXmofZ²H$m| nma H$[aHo$ CÎm_ nXH$m| àmßV hmoV ^mdmW© : H$_©_| _ÝÌgm| ñZmZ H$aoŸ&&62Ÿ&&
hoŸ&&61Ÿ&& ñZmZm{Xgm| XohH$s ew{Õ gXm amIZr. Eg| hr XmoC hmWZ²H$s ew{ÕŸhþ {deof
gmdYmZr am{IHo$ H$aZr. AnZo Cn`moJ_| AmVoŸ~mgZ, ^JdËgodmon`moJr ~mgZ
(ŸVmhm§ ^pŠV_mJ©_| {Z{fÕ Egr H$Ny>H$ ~mVZ²H$mo {Zê$nUŸ) Aé ñZmZHo$ nmÌZ² H$m| {_bmZo ZmhtŸ&&63Ÿ&&
Zmd¡ î Ud¡ … gh dgo Z ² Z V¡ … g§ g J© _ mMao V ² Ÿ &&
*Ÿ9
àg“o f w h[a¨ Ü`mò V ² ... ... ... ... ... Ed§ dñÌo @ {n {dko ` o ew Õ çew Õ r ñdd¡ î Ud¡ … Ÿ&&
Jmo n ò V ² ñdmJ_mMma§ nmH$go d m§ hao a {nŸ&&64Ÿ&&
Ad¡îUd¡…Ÿ=ŸAd¡îUdHo$ ZŸ=ŸZ, AmMaoV²=H$ao
ghŸ=Ÿg“, ZŸ=ŸZ, dgoV²Ÿ=Ÿaho àg“ofw=àg“Z²_|, h[a¨=h[aH$mo Ed§Ÿ=ŸEg|, dñÌoŸ=ŸdóHo$ {dfo
V¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{dZH$mo, g§gJ©_²Ÿ=Ÿg§gJ© Ü`mòV² =Ü`mZ H$aZmo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ,Ÿñdd¡îUd¡…Ÿ=ŸAnZo d¡îUdZ²gm|
ewÕçewÕrŸ=Ÿew{Õ VWm Aew{Õ hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$s
{dkoòŸ=ŸOmZZo nmH$godm§Ÿ=ŸagmoB©H$s godm
571 572
ñdmJ_mMma§Ÿ=ŸAnZo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ `moOòV²Ÿ=ŸCn`moJ H$ao ew{MŸ=ŸewÕ
AmJ_emómoŠV AmMma JmonòV²Ÿ=ŸJwßV amIZr
^mdmW© : ewÕdñVw àW_ à^yZ²H$m| g_{n©V H$ao Vm nmN>| AÝ` H$m`©_| Cn`moJ
^mdmW© : dóZ²Ho$ {dfohþ Eg| hr g_OZmo. ñd_mJu` d¡îUdZ²gm| ew{Õ-Aew{ÕH$s H$ao. ñZmZ-nmZ-àjmbZm{X H$m`©Ho$ Vm§B© Xmo _w§hdmao (ŸPmarŸ/ŸH$admŸ) nmÌ ewÕ
g_P boZr. naånamgm| àmßV ñd_mJu` AÝVa“ AmMma VWm à^wH$s agmoB© _mZo Om§` h|. Eg| hr D$ZHo$ dó ewÕ _mZo Om§` h|Ÿ&&66Ÿ&&
Am{XH$s godmH$m| hþ AÝ`Z²gm| JwßV amIZrŸ&&64Ÿ&&
H$mnm© g _mhV§ ew Õ § ZdH$m¡ g w å ^`w H ² $ ew { M:Ÿ&&
(Ÿ^JdËgodm_| ì`dhm`© ewÕ dñVyZ²H$mo CnXoe…Ÿ) {dà¡ ì `© d öV§ VrW© _ ² Amam_§ M J¥ h § ew { M:Ÿ&&67Ÿ&&
gm¡ d U£ … amOV¡ g ² Vm_« ¡ … nmÌ¡ a ² ì`dhao V ² na¡ … Ÿ&&
nmHo$ ñdr`mZ² gVrÏ`mªíM gdUm©Z² gpÝZ`moOòV²Ÿ&&65Ÿ&& H$mnm©g_²Ÿ=ŸgyVrdó
AmhV§Ÿ=ŸYmo`moŸ^`mo ì`©döV§=Cn`moJ_| {b`mo OmoVmo
na¡…Ÿ=ŸXygaoZ²gm|Ÿ/ŸD$Îm_gm| ñdr`mZ²Ÿ=Ÿn[aOZZ²H$m|, (ŸMŸ=ŸAé) ewÕ§Ÿ=ŸewÕ VrW©_²(ObñWmZ_²)=ObñWmZ/Hw$Am
gm¡dU£…Ÿ=ŸgmoZoHo$, amOV¡…Ÿ=ŸMm§XrHo$ gVrÏ`m©Z²Ÿ=Ÿg_mZ Jwédmao ZdH$m¡gwå^`wH²$Ÿ=ŸZdrZ- M=Aé,Amam_§=~JrOr
Vm_«¡…Ÿ=ŸVm§~mHo$, nmÌ¡:Ÿ=ŸnmÌZ²gm| gdUm©Z²Ÿ=Ÿg_mZ dU©Ho$ bmoJZ²H$m| bmba§½`moŸ^`mo, ew{M:Ÿ=ŸewÕ J¥h§=Ka, ew{M:=ewÕ
ì`dhaoV²Ÿ=Ÿì`dhma H$ao gpÝZ`moOòV²Ÿ=Ÿgpå_{bV H$ao {dà¡…Ÿ=Ÿ~«m÷UÛmam (H$Ï`Vo)=H$ho OmV h|
nmHo$Ÿ=ŸagmoB©_|
^mdmW© : gyVr dó Ymo`mo ^`mo, ZdrZ a“çmo ^`mo ewÕ H$ømo OmV ho.
^mdmW© : gmoZo, Mm§Xr, Vm§~m Ho$ nmÌZ²H$m| ì`dhma_| bodo. agmoB©_| n[admaHo$ ~«m÷UÛmam Cn`moJ_| {b`mo OmVmo Ob n{dÌ _mÝ`mo OmV ho. Eg| hr Amam_
bmoJZ²H$m| Aé g_mZ Jwé hm|` Ego g_mZ dU©Ho$ bmoJZ²H$m| gpå_{bV H$aoŸ&&65Ÿ&& (Ÿ~JrMr AWm©V² Jm_Ho$ ~mha CndZ_| {Z{_©V A{V{W{ZdmgŸ) VWm Ka ewÕ
H$ømo OmV hoŸ&&67Ÿ&&
g_ß`£ d ew { M… ny d ª haò @ Ý`Ì `mo O ò V ² Ÿ &&
*Ÿ10
{Û_w I § ew { M nmÌ§ Vw ô`§ e w H § $ bmo _ O§ ew { MŸ&&66Ÿ&& (Ÿ^JdËgodm_| Omo namÙ hm|` {VZH$m| AÝ`Xodml` Vmo {Z{fÕ hmo`don| hþ
AÝ`XodZ²H$mo An_mZ H$~hþ Z H$aZmo. Vmgm| H$hm-Ho$go H$aZmo VmH$mo àH$maŸ)
ZmÝ`Xo d § d« O o X ² Z¡ d àgŠVm¡ ô`n_mZò V ² Ÿ &&
ew{M…Ÿ=ŸewÕ dñVw nmÌ§Ÿ=ŸnmÌ, VwŸ=ŸVmo
VrW} f w VrW© X o d mZm§ ^y X o d mZm§ g_M© Z _² Ÿ &&68Ÿ&&
nydªŸ=ŸàW_, haòŸ=Ÿh[aH$m| {Û_wI§Ÿ=ŸXmo _w§hdmamo(ŸPmarŸ/ŸH$admŸ)
g_ß`©Ÿ=Ÿg{n©V H$aHo$,ŸEdŸ=Ÿhr ew{MŸ=ŸewÕ,Ÿbmo_O§Ÿ=ŸD$Zgm| ~Ý`mo
AÝ`Xod§Ÿ=ŸAÝ`XodHo$ nmg ZŸ=ŸZmht, {hŸ=Ÿhr, d«OoV²Ÿ=ŸOm`
AÝ`ÌŸ=ŸAÝ` H$moC H$m`©_| {hŸ=Ÿ, A§ewH§$Ÿ=Ÿdó
573 574
àgŠVm¡Ÿ=Ÿgå_wI hmo` Om§` Vmo Ý`mgml_mV² nVZ² _Ë`© Amê$T>n{VVmo@J{V…Ÿ&&70Ÿ&&
Z¡dŸ=ŸH$~hþ Zmht VrW©XodmZm§Ÿ=ŸVrW©XodZ²H$mo
An_mZòV²Ÿ=ŸAn_mZ H$ao ^yXodmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ~«m÷UZ²H$mo g_W©: VwŸ=Ÿgm_Ï`©dmamo Vmo Ý`mgml_mV²Ÿ=Ÿg³³`mgml_V|
VrW}fwŸ=ŸVrW©Z²_| g_M©Z_²Ÿ=ŸnyOZ, (Hw$`m©V²)Ÿ=ŸH$ao {dÛmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ~w{Õ_mZ²,ŸV`mo…Ÿ=ŸXmo`_|Vo nVZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{JadoV|, _Ë`©…Ÿ=Ÿ_Zwî`
ñ_mVm©p½ZYmaU_²Ÿ=Ÿñ_mVm©p½ZH$mo YmaU Amê$T>n{VV…Ÿ=ŸAmê$T>n{VV ~{Z
^mdmW© : d¡îUdZ²H$m| AÝ` XodHo$ nmg H$~hþ Z OmZmo. Šd{MV² àg“de AÝ` Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$ao. AJ{V…Ÿ=ŸgÒ{VVoŸa{hV(^d{V=hmoVŸho)
XodHo$ gå_wI hmo` Om`| V~ {dZH$mo An_mZ H$~hþ Z H$ao. VrW©Z²_| VrW©XodVmZ²H$mo
VWm nwamo{hV ~«m÷UZ²H$mo gËH$ma H$aoŸ&&68Ÿ&& ^mdmW© : VmV| Egr {df_ pñW{V_| g_W© {dÛmZ² hmo` gmo g³³`mg Aé Ap½ZhmoÌ
Ho$ ñWmZn| ñ_mV© Ap½ZH$m| YmaU H$ao. Š`m|Ho$ A{YH$ma {dZmhþ Omo g³³`mg
(ŸH${b`wJ_| g³³`mg, Ap½ZhmoÌ Am{X Vmo eŠ` Z hmo`doV| ñ_mVm©p½ZH$m| Aml__| OmV ho gmo H$moC \$bH$m| àmßV Z H$[aHo$ Aê$T>n{VV hmoV hoŸ&&70Ÿ&&
YmaU H$aZmoŸ)
g³ ³ ` mgíMmp½Zhmo Ì § M H$bm¡ Z¡ d `Wm{d{Y…Ÿ&& `Úßò d § {h Jmh© ñ Ï`§ dU© Y _} U Xw î H$a_² Ÿ &&
gpÝX½YY_© g o d m{n Šbo e m`¡ d mën_o Y gm_² Ÿ &&69Ÿ&& VWmß`m`mVn{VV§ VX² {~^¥ ` mX² Xo h `mÌ`mŸ&&71Ÿ&&
H$bm¡Ÿ=ŸH${bH$mb_| Z EdŸ=ŸeŠ` hr Zmqh(^dV…Ÿ=Ÿh|) Ed§{hŸ=Ÿ`m{h àH$magm| (ApñV)Ÿ=Ÿho, VWm{nŸ=ŸVmohþ

g³³`mg…Ÿ=Ÿg³³`mg, MŸ=ŸAé Aën_oYgm_²Ÿ=ŸAën~w{Õdmao `Ú{nŸ=Ÿ`Ú{n Am`mVn{VV§Ÿ=ŸAm` n`m} ho VmV|
Ap½ZhmoÌŸ§ =ŸAp½ZhmoÌ gpÝX½YY_©godm{nŸ=ŸgÝXohdmamo Y_m©MaU dU©Y_}UŸ=ŸdU©Y_©gm| VX²Ÿ=ŸdmH$mo
MŸ=Ÿhþ Šboem` EdŸ=ŸŠboeOZH$ hr Jmh©ñÏ`§ (ŸA{nŸ)Ÿ=ŸJ¥hñWY_© hþ Xoh`mÌ`mŸ=ŸXoh`mÌmHo$ gmW
`Wm{d{YŸ=Ÿ{d{YH$AZwgma (^d{V)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho XwîH$a_²Ÿ=ŸH${R>Z {~^¥`mV²Ÿ=Ÿ{Zd©hZ H$aZmo
Ÿ
^mdmW© : H${bH$mb_| g³³`mg Aé Ap½ZhmoÌ emñÌH$s Amkm AZwgma eŠ` ^mdmW© : `m àH$ma J¥hñWml__| a{hHo$ Omo ñ_mVm©p½ZH$m| YmaU H$ao ho dmV| hþ
Zmqh. Aën~w{Õdmao _Zwî` H$V©ì`Ho$ {dfo gÝXohdmamo hmoBHo$ H$Nw> Y_©H$m`© H$ao dU©Y_©Ho$ AZwgma J¥hñWml_ `Ú{n H${R>Z ho Vmohþ Š`m|Ho$ AZm`mg J¥hñWml__|
Vmo dogmo Y_m©MaU `Wm{d{Y Zmht hmo`doV| ŠboeH$mo hr H$maU ~ZV hoŸ&&69Ÿ&& Am` n`m} ho VmV| Oog| hþ ~{Z Amdo Vog| Xoh`mÌmHo$ gmW VmH$m| {Zdm©h Vmo
H$aoŸ&&71Ÿ&&
g_W©ñVw V`mo… Hw$`m©X² {dÛmZ² ñ_mVm©p½ZYmaU_²Ÿ&&
Z Jmh© ñ Ï`§ {dZm Xo h -`mÌm-Y_m} @ {n {gÜ`{VŸ&&
AVñVpñ_Z² pñWVñ`¡d `pËH$pÄMV² {g{Õ-gå^d…Ÿ&&72Ÿ&&
575 576
OmZZmo. Aé
(Ÿ`V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$) AV…Ÿ=ŸVmV| 2.Ÿ{d{YdX² doXmÜ``Z H$[aHo$ J¥hñWml__| Om`doH$s BÀN>mdmaoH$§y "CnHw$dm©U-
Jmh©ñÏç§Ÿ=ŸJ¥hñWY_©, Vpñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿdm_| ~«÷Mmar' OmZZmo.
{dZmŸ=Ÿ{dZm pñWVñ` EdŸ=Ÿaho ^òH$m| hr
Xoh-`mÌm-Y_©:Ÿ=ŸXoh`mÌmHo$ Y_© `pËH$pÄMV²Ÿ=ŸH$Nw>H$ J¥hñW hþ 1.Ÿ"CXmgrZ' Aé 2.Ÿ"gmYH$' Eg| Xmo` àH$maH$mo H$ôçmo ho. Vm_|
A{nŸ=Ÿhþ, ZŸ=ŸZmht {g{Õ-gå^d…Ÿ=Ÿ{g{ÕH$s Hw$Qw>å~Ho$ âU-nmofUm{X_| \§$ñ`mo ^`mo J¥hñW "gmYH$' H$ôçmo OmV ho. Aé
Xod-F${f-{nVaHo$ F$UZ²Hy§$ MwH$m`Ho$ Ka-YZ-n[admaH$m| N>m§{S>Ho$ Omo BH$bmo
{gÜ`{VŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmoV h| gå^mdZm, (Ÿ^d{VŸ=ŸahVŸho)
hr _mojoÀN>mgm| {dMaU H$aVmo aho dmH$m| "CXmgrZ' H$ôçmo OmV ho. Eg| hr
dmZàñW hþ "Vmng' Aé "gm³³`m{gH$' Eg| Xmo` àH$maHo$ hmoV h|. g³³`mgr hþ
^mdmW© : J¥hñWml_Ho$ {dZm {nV¥H$_©, nwÌmoËn{Îm Am{XHo$ A^md_| Xoh`mÌmHo$ "nma_o{ð>H$' Aé "{^jw' Eg| Xmo` àH$maHo$ hmoV h| :
AÝ` Y_©hþ {gÕ hmoB gH$V Zmht. AÝ` Aml_Y_© Vmo H$mb~bgm| XwîH$a hmo`
Jò h| V~ J¥hñWY_©_| aho ^òH$m| hr H$Nw>H$ {g{Õ àmßV hmo`doH$s gå^mdZm eof
gd} f m_ml_mUmÝVw Û¡ { dÜ`§ lw { VX{e© V § Ÿ &
aho hoŸ&&72Ÿ&&
~« ÷ Mm`w © n Hw $ dm© U mo Z¡ { ð>H$mo ~« ÷ VËna:Ÿ&&
`mo @ YrË` {d{YdX² do X mZ² J¥ h ñWml__md« O o X ² Ÿ &
Aml_mo {Û{dY… H$m¡ _ } VÌmo X mgrZH$mo J¥ h rŸ&&
"CnHw $ dm© U H$mo ' ko ` mo "Z¡ { ð>H$mo ' _aUmpÝVH$:Ÿ&&
AmÚo @ {n Z¡ p îR> H $íMm³ Ë ò d¡ î Udmo @ {YH¥ $ VñVV…Ÿ&&73Ÿ&&
"CXmgrZ:' "gmYH$'íM J¥ h ñWmo {Û{dYmo ^do V ² Ÿ &
Hw $ Qw > å~âUm`Îm: gmYH$mo @ gm¡ J¥ h r ^do V ² Ÿ &&
H$m¡_} (ŸnwamUoŸ)Ÿ=ŸHy$_© nwamU_| J¥hrŸ=Ÿ"J¥hr' H$hdmdV ho
F$Um{Z ÌrÊ`nmH¥ $ Ë` Ë`ŠËdm ^m`m© Y Zm{XH$_² Ÿ &
Aml_:Ÿ=ŸJ¥hñWml_ AmÚoŸ=ŸàW_ ~«÷M`m©l__|
EH$mH$s `ñVw {dMao X ² CXmgrZ: g _m¡ { jH$:Ÿ&&
{Û{dY…Ÿ=ŸXmo àH$maH$mo A{nŸ=Ÿhþ,ŸZ¡pîR>H$…Ÿ=Ÿ{Zð>mdmamo,ŸMŸ=ŸAé
VnñVß`{V `mo @ aÊò Òo X ² Xo d mZ² Ow h mo { V MŸ&
àmoŠV…Ÿ=ŸH$ôçmo ho A³ËòŸ=ŸApÝV_ g³³`mgml__|
ñdmÜ`mò M¡ d {ZaVmo dZñW: "Vmngmo ' _V:Ÿ&&
VÌŸ=ŸVm_|, EH$:Ÿ=ŸEH$ d¡îUd…Ÿ=Ÿd¡îUd
Vngm H${f© V mo @ Ë`Wª `ñVw Ü`mZnamo ^do V ² Ÿ &
CXmgrZH$…Ÿ=Ÿ"CXmgrZ' A{YH¥$V…Ÿ=ŸA{YH$mar
"gm³ ³ ` m{gH$:' g {dko ` mo dmZàñWml_o pñWV:Ÿ&&
Ana:Ÿ=ŸXygamo (BË`{nŸ=ŸEgmoŸhþŸ=ŸH$ôçmo,ŸApñVŸ=Ÿho)
`mo J mä`mgaVmo {ZË`_² Amééjw { O© V o p ÝÐ`:Ÿ&
kmZm` dÎm© V o {^jw : àmo À `Vo "nma_o { ð>H$:'Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : Hy$_©nwamU_| g~ Aml_Z²H$mo lw{V{gÕ Û¡{dÜ` ~Vm`mo ho. Vm_| àW_
~«÷M`m©l__|Ÿ: `ñËdmË_a{Vao d ñ`mZ² {ZË`V¥ ß Vmo _hm_w { Z:Ÿ&
1.Ÿ_aUn`©ÝV ~«÷{Zð> ˆ¡Ho$ àW_ml__| a{hdodmaoHy§$ "Z¡{ð>H$-~«÷Mmar' gå`½Xe© Z gånÝZ: g `mo J r "{^jw ' éÀ`Vo ' 'Ÿ&&
577 578
(ŸHy$_©naw m.Ÿ2Ÿ&76-84Ÿ) ^mdmW© : {ÛOoVaH$m| ^JdX²^ŠV, ~«m÷U Aé Jm`Z² H$mo {hV hmo` Ego H$m`©
H$aZo. ^JdmZ²Z| JrVm_| {ÛOoVaZ²H$mo H$m`© {ÛOZ²H$s n[aM`m© ~Vm`r ho gmo H$aZr.
(Ÿ{ÛOoVa nw{ï>_mJu`Z²Ho$ H$V©ì`H$mo {ZX}eŸ) Ego ñdY_m©MaU_| namÙ hmo`don| h[a {ZíM` hr àgÝZ hmoV h|Ÿ&&75Ÿ&&
ey Ð ñVw qhòH$m`} U {Z{fÕñ`meZo Z MŸ&&
{Zd¥ Î mmo @ gm¡ Ôo V ² H¥ $ îU§ _hX² { âZw H $pånV…Ÿ&&74Ÿ&& XmZ§ d« V § n¡ V ¥ H § $ M em¡ M § empÝV_² AWmlò V ² Ÿ &&
h[a_o d Ôo V ² ào å Um Vo Z {gÜ`{V gËda_² Ÿ &&76Ÿ&&
ewÐ: VwŸ=ŸeyÐ Vmo {Zd¥Îm…Ÿ=Ÿ{Zd¥Îm hmo`Ho$
qhòH$m`}UŸ=ŸOm_| Ordqhgm hmo` _hpX²^:Ÿ=Ÿ~‹S>oZ²gm| XmZ§Ÿ=ŸXmZ,Ÿd«V§Ÿ=Ÿd«V àoåUmŸ=Ÿào_gm|, h[a_²Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$mo
Ego H$m`©gm|, MŸ=ŸAé AZwH$pånV…Ÿ=ŸH¥$nm àmßV H$[aHo$ n¡V¥H§$Ÿ=ŸlmÕ-Vn©Um{X EdŸ=Ÿhr, ÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔo
{Z{fÕñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{Z{fÕmÝZHo$ Agm¡Ÿ=Ÿ`m, H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUH$m| em¡M§Ÿ=Ÿn{dÌVm,ŸAWMŸ=ŸAé VoZŸ=ŸVmV|,ŸgËda_²Ÿ=ŸerK«
AeZoZŸ=Ÿ^moOZgm| ÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔo empÝV_²Ÿ=ŸgÝVmofê$n empÝVH$mo {gÜ`{VŸ=Ÿ{g{Õ hmoV ho
AmlòV²Ÿ=ŸAml` H$ao
^mdmW© : {ÛOoVa bmoJ Om_| Ordqhgm hmo` Egr AmOr{dH$m, H$m`© Am{XH$mo
VWm {Z{fÕ ^moOZH$mo Ë`mJ H$[aHo$ ~‹S>oZ²H$s H¥$nm àmßV H$[aHo$ H¥$îUÔZ ^mdmW© : XmZ, d«V, lmÕ-Vn©Um{X {nV¥gå~ÝYr H$m`© Adí` H$aZo. emñÌmZwgma
H$aZmoŸ&&74Ÿ&& ew{Õ-n{dÌVm Aé `Wmbm^ gÝVmofê$nm empÝV amIZr. Eg| H$aV ào_-
^pŠVgm| lrH¥$îUH$mo hr ÔZ H$aoV| erK« {g{Õ àmßV hmoV hoŸ&&76Ÿ&&
g {hV§ h[a^ŠVmZm§ ~« m ÷UmZm§ Mao X ² Jdm_² Ÿ &&
nmXgo d m M _hVm§ `X² d ¥ Î `m Vw î `Vo h[a…Ÿ&&75Ÿ&& Z do X ldU§ H$m`ª ñnYm© g y ` m{XZmÝ`V…Ÿ&&
Ý`½^mdo Z ànÝZmo @ gm¡ ^do X ² Xmgmo hao J w © a mo … Ÿ&&77Ÿ&&
gŸ=Ÿdmo _hVm§Ÿ=Ÿ~‹S>oZ²Ho$
h[a^ŠVmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdX²^ŠVZ²H$mo nmXgodmŸ=ŸMaUZ²H$s godm (VoZ)Ÿ=ŸdmH$m|, AÝ`V…Ÿ=ŸAÝ`gm|
~«m÷UmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ~«m÷UZ²H$mo MŸ=Ÿhþ, (ŸVoZŸ=ŸdmH$m| ñnYm©g`y m{XZmŸ=ŸñnYm©-B©î`m© Am{Xgm| ànÝZ…Ÿ=ŸeaUmJV
Jdm_²Ÿ=ŸJm`Z²H$mo H$aUr`m)Ÿ=ŸH$aZr M{hò doXldU§Ÿ=ŸdoXH$mo ldU Agm¡Ÿ=Ÿò
{hV§Ÿ=Ÿ{hV hmo` Egmo `X²d¥Î`mŸ=ŸOmŸd¥{Îmgm|,Ÿh[a…Ÿ=Ÿh[a ZŸ=ŸZmht, H$m`©_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo haoJw©amo…Ÿ=Ÿh[a-JwéH$mo
MaoV²Ÿ=ŸAmMaU H$ao Vwî`VoŸ=ŸàgÝZ hmoV h| Ý`½^mdoZŸ=ŸXrZVmgm| Xmg…Ÿ=ŸXmg, ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿ~Zo
^mdmW© : {ÛOoVaZ²H$m| AÝ`Z²gm| ñnYm© AWdm B©î`m© Ho$ ^mdgm| Om_| {dZH$mo
579 580
A{YH$ma Zmht ho Egmo doXH$mo ldUm{X Zmht H$aZmo. XrZ ^mdgm| eaUmJV hmo`Ho$ ^mdmW© : n[admaHo$ n{V-nwÌm{X n[aOZ VWm ~ÝYwOZ `{X AnZo AZwHy$b hm|`
h[a-JwéH$mo Xmg ~{ZHo$ ahZmoŸ&&77Ÿ&& Vmo lrH¥$îUH$s ñdJ¥h_| godm H$aZr. do bmoJ `{X AZwHy$b Z hm|` Vmo ^pŠV^mdgm|
à^wHo$ ldU H$sV©Z Aé ñ_aU H$aZoŸ&&79Ÿ&&
(pñÌ`Z²Ho$ ^JdX²ÔZH$s ar{VH$mo {Zê$nU)
gYdm ^V¥ © ^ mdo Z {dYdm nw Ì ^mdV…Ÿ&& Vo f m_o d VWmËdo V w n[aM`m© g_pÝXamV² Ÿ &&
lrH¥ $ îU§ g§ l ò V ² gmÜdr {OV{MÎmo p ÝÐ`m ew { M…Ÿ&&78Ÿ&& hao J w © a mo … gå^d{V ô`ñdVÝÌm… pñÌ`mo `V…Ÿ&&80Ÿ&&
{OV{MÎmopÝÐ`mŸ=Ÿ{MÎm- ^V¥^mdoZŸ=Ÿn{V^mdgm| Vofm_²Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHo$, EdŸ=Ÿhr n[aM`m©Ÿ=Ÿn[aM`m©

BpÝÐ`Z²n| g§`_ dmar {dYdmŸ=Ÿ{dYdm ñÌr VWmËdoŸ=Ÿdogo(à{VHy$b)hmo`don| (nyOm/godm_|Ÿ~{ZŸAmdoŸgmoŸnaMmaJr)
ew{M…Ÿ=Ÿn{dÌ nwÌ^mdV…Ÿ=ŸnwÌ^mdgm| VwŸ=ŸVmo, gå^d{VŸ=Ÿgå^dŸho,Ÿ`V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$
gmÜdrŸ=ŸgVr lrH¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$mo g_pÝXamX² hao…Ÿ=ŸH$moCŸ^JdËñdê$nHo$ pñÌ`:Ÿ=ŸñÌrOZ,Ÿ{hŸ=ŸVmo
gYdmŸ=Ÿgm¡^m½`dVr g§lòV²Ÿ=ŸAml` H$ao Xodmb`ñW hmo`doHo$ H$maU AñdVÝÌm…Ÿ=ŸnamYrZ
(ŸAWdmŸ)Jwamo…Ÿ=ŸJwéHo$ H$maU (Ÿ^dpÝV=hmoV h|)
^mdmW© : {MÎm Aé BpÝÐ`Z² n| g§`_dmar, n{dÌ AmMaUdmar gmYwñd^mdH$s
gm¡^m½`dVr ñÌr n{V^mdgm| Aé {dYdm ñÌr nwÌ^mdgm| lrH¥$îUH$mo Aml` ^mdmW© : àm`: ñÌrOZ Š`m|Ho$ AnZr BÀN>mZwgma H$m`© H$[adoHw§$ g_W© hmoV Zmqh
H$aoŸ&&78Ÿ&& AV: `{X n{V nwÌ Am{X Aé ~ÝYwOZ AZwHy$b hm|` V~ hr {dZHo$ g“ {_{bHo$
Ka_| lrH¥$îUH$s `Wm`mo½` godm-n[aM`m© gå^d hmoV ho. AÝ`Wm _`m©Xm_mJu`
n{V-nw Ì m{X-~ÝYy Z m_² AmZw H y $ ëò @ ñ` go d Z_² Ÿ && {d{Ygm| H$mhþ Xodmb`_| {~amO_mZ ^JdËñdê$nH$s AM©Zm_| AWdm nw{ï>_mJu`
JwéH$s ^JdËgodm_| naMmaJr H$[adoVo ñÌrOZZ²Hy§$ Wmo‹S>mo-~hmoV ÔZ eŠ`
VX^mdo Ôo X ² ^ŠË`m H$sV© Z ¡ … ldU¡ … ñ_¥ V ¡ … Ÿ&&79Ÿ&&
hoŸ&&80Ÿ&&
n{VnwÌm{X-~ÝYyZm_²Ÿ=Ÿn{V, VX^mdoŸ=ŸdmHo$ A^md_|

ñdVÝÌVm`m§ Xmo f mo {h ñÌrUm§ gd© Ì Om`Vo Ÿ &&
nwÌm{X VWm ~ÝYwOZ H$sV©Z¡…Ÿ=ŸH$sV©Zgm|
AVñV`m VWm ^y Ë dm h[a… go ì `ñV{XÀN>`mŸ&&81Ÿ&&
AmZwHw$ëòŸ=ŸAZwHy$b hm|` Vmo ldU¡…Ÿ=ŸldUgm|
Añ`Ÿ=Ÿ`m(ŸlrH¥$îUñ`Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îUH$s) ñ_¥V¡…Ÿ=Ÿñ_aUgm|
ñÌrUm§Ÿ=ŸñÌrOZZ²H$m| ñdVÝÌVm`m§Ÿ=ŸñdV§ÌVmgm|Ÿ~aVdon|ŸVmo
godZ_²Ÿ=Ÿgodm ^ŠË`mŸ=Ÿ^pŠVnyd©H$
{hŸ=Ÿ{ZíM`,Ÿgd©ÌŸ=Ÿg~Ÿ{R>H$mZ|
(ŸH$m`©_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZr) ÔoX²Ÿ=ŸÔZ H$ao
Xmof:=ŸXmof,ŸOm`VoŸ=ŸhmoV ho V{XÀN>`mŸ=Ÿn[admaOZZ²H$s BÀN>mHo$
581 582
AV…Ÿ=ŸVmV|,ŸV`mŸ=Ÿ{dZH$m| AZwgma AWdm ^Jd{XÀN>mZwgma
VWmŸ=Ÿdogo(AñdVÝÌ¡dŸ=ŸAñdVÝÌ hr) h[a…Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$s nwéfmnoj`mŸ=ŸnwéfZ²H$s Anojm VXZwamJmoŸ=Ÿ{dZH$mo AZwamJ
^yËdmŸ=Ÿa{hHo$ goì`…Ÿ=Ÿgodm H$aZr M{hò ñÌrUm§Ÿ=ŸñÌrOZZ²H$o AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§,ŸgÚŸ=ŸerK«
öX`§Ÿ=ŸöX`, _¥XwŸ=ŸZa_ EdŸ=Ÿhr
^mdmW© : n{V-nwÌm{XH$ AZwHy$b Zmht hm|` VWm{n ñÌrOZ `{X {dZH$s BÀN>mgm| Ñí`VoŸ=ŸXo»`moŸOmVŸho,ŸAV…Ÿ=ŸVmV| A{^fÁ`VoŸ=Ÿ{gÕ hmo` OmV ho
{déÕ AmMaU H$aV h| V~ {dZH$s gd©Ì {ZÝXm hmoV ho, VmV| {MÎm_| Šboe hmoV
ho. AV: {OZHo$ Am{lV hm|` {dZHo$ à{VHy$b Z hmoBHo$, à^wH$s dogr hr BÀN>m ^mdmW© : nwéfZ²H$s VwbZm_| ñÌrOZZ²Ho$ öX` H$mo_b hmoV h|. VmV| à^w_| {dZH$mo
ho Egr ^mdZmgm| Y¡`© YmaU H$[aHo$ à^wH$mo AmÝVa ÔZ AWdm ^JdËgodmnamÙ AZwamJ nwéfZ²Ho$ H$aVo erK« hmo` OmV hoŸ&&83Ÿ&&
^JdXr`H$s n[aMmaJrÛmam ^JdX²ÔZ H$aZmoŸ&&81Ÿ&&
H$m_Xmo f mo {h ZmarUm§ H$ZH$mZm§ `Wm aO…Ÿ&&

{MÌ_mÌo @ {n go d m ñ`mV² à{V~ÝYo Jw a mo { J© a mŸ&&
VÁOò {d{OV… H¥$îU… H¥$îU… ñÌrUm§ {à`mo `V…Ÿ&&84Ÿ&&
N>bo Z m{n ÔZ² H¥ $ îU§ _w À `Vo Jmo { nH$m{XdV² Ÿ &&82Ÿ&&
H$ZH$mZm§Ÿ=ŸgwdU©_| VÁOòŸ=ŸVmH$m| OrVdoV|

à{V~ÝYoŸ=Ÿà{V~ÝY hmo`don| ñ`mV²Ÿ=ŸhmoB gH$V ho
`WmŸ=ŸOog,| aO…Ÿ=ŸaO H¥$îU…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU
Jwamo…Ÿ=ŸJwéH$s N>boZ A{nŸ=ŸN>bgm| hþ
(ŸXmof…Ÿ=ŸXmof, VWm)Ÿ=ŸVog| {d{OV…(^d{V)Ÿ=ŸOrVo OmV h|
{JamŸ=ŸAmkmgm| H¥$îU§Ÿ=ŸH¥$îUH$m|, ÔZ²Ÿ=ŸÔdoV|
ZmarUm§Ÿ=ŸñÌrOZZ²_| hþ `V…Ÿ=ŸŠ`m|Ho$, H¥$îU…Ÿ=ŸlrH¥$îU
{MÌ_mÌo A{nŸ=Ÿ{MÌ_mÌ_| hþ Jmo { nH$m{XdV² Ÿ =ŸJmo n rOZZ² H o $ Oo g |
{hŸ=Ÿ{ZíM`, H$m_Xmof…Ÿ=ŸH$m_Xmof ñÌrUm§Ÿ=ŸñÌrZ²H$m|
godmŸ=Ÿgodm _wÀ`VoŸ=Ÿ_wŠV hmoV ho
(^d{V)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho. {à`…Ÿ=Ÿ{à`, (ŸApñV)Ÿ=Ÿh|
Ÿ
^mdmW© : à{V~ÝY hmo`don| (ŸAWdm {ebm-YmVwgm| {Z{_©V ^JdËñdê$nH$s
godm H$[a gH$doH$s AZwHy$bVm Z hmo` VmoŸ) JwéH$s Amkm bo`Ho$ lrH¥$îUHo$ ^mdmW© : gwdU©H$mo Xmof Oog| aO hmoV ho Vog| ñÌrZ²_| Xmof H$m_ hmoV ho. nw{ï>^pŠV
{MÌñdê$nH$s hþ godm hmoB gH$V ho. H¥$îUmdVma_| H$_©H$mÊS>r ~«m÷UZ²H$s npËZE§ Vmo Š`m|Ho$ {ZJw©U hmoV ho VmV| H$m_^mdn| {dO` nmd| Vmo ñÌrOZ {ZJw©U^mdgm|
AnZo nVrZ²H$s Amkm {dZm, {dZHo$ {damoY H$[adon| hþ à^yZ²H$m| `kH$s gm_J«r erK« hr à^yZ²H$m| ñdmYrZ H$[a gH$V h|. lrH¥$îUŸVmo ZqhVmo hþ ñÌrZ²H$m| àr`
AamoJmdo J`t {dZH$mo hþ CÕma Oog| à^yZ²Z| {H$`mo hVmo Vog| dV©_mZ_| hþ Áòð> hmoVŸhrŸh|Ÿ!Ÿ&&84Ÿ&&
n[aOZZ²H$s Amkm {dZm hþ ^JdËgodm H$[adoV| CÕma hmoV hr hoŸ&&82Ÿ&&
CXH$s M àgy V m ñÌr Aew { MíM VWm nw _ mZ² Ÿ &&
nw é fmno j `m ñÌrUm§ öX`§ _¥ X w Ñí`Vo Ÿ && Xe© Z -ñne© Z mXr{Z go ì `_y V } a ² {ddO© ` o V ² Ÿ &&85Ÿ&&
AVñVXZw a mJmo @ Ì gÚ Edm{^fÁ`Vo Ÿ &&83Ÿ&&
583 584
CXH$sŸ=Ÿ_m{gH$Y_©dmar nw_mZ²Ÿ=Ÿnwéf, MŸ=Ÿhþ ^mdmW© : n{dÌ, gwHw$_ma Aé A{V gwÝXa Ego Jwégm| àmßV ^JdËñdê$nH$s
MŸ=ŸAé, àgyVmŸ=ŸàgyVm goì`_yV}…Ÿ=Ÿgoì` _y{V©Ho$ godm H$aZr. lr`_wZmOr Oogo loð> VrW©Ho$ Obgm|, gåàXm`naånamgm| àmßV
ñÌrŸ=ŸñÌr, VWmŸ=ŸAé Xe©Z-ñne©ZmXr{ZŸ=ŸXe©ZŸñne© Am{XH$mo {ZO_ÝÌgm| g§ñH$ma H$ao ^ò gwÝXa _Zmoha ~hþV ~‹S>o Zht Ego ^JdËñdê$nH$s
ghOVmgm| CnbãY dñVyZ²gm| godm H$ao. {OZH$m| godm{d{Y Am{XH$mo nyU© kmZ Z
Aew{M…Ÿ=ŸgyVH$sŸ/ŸAn{dÌ {ddO©òV²Ÿ=ŸË`mJ H$ao.
hmo` AmoaŸ/ŸAWdm namYrZ hmo`doV| AÝ` ^JdËñdê$nH$s godm H$[adoH$s AZwH$y bVm
{OZH$m| Z hmo` {VZH$m| {MÌñdê$nH$s godm H$aZr hr C{MVŸhoŸ&&86-87Ÿ&&
^mdmW© : AQ>H$mddmar qH$dm OÀMm hmo` gmo Egr ñÌr VWm gyVH$s Aé
An{dÌ AdñWmdmao ñÌr-nwéf goì` à^wñdê$nHo$ Xe©Z-ñne© Am{X Z H$a|Ÿ&&85Ÿ&&
ZmÌ àmUà{VîR>m{X ì`mnH$ËdmXOrdV…Ÿ&&
ñWmZ-ew Õ çW© _ o d ¡ V V² eãXmW© _ {n gX² J w a mo … 3 Ÿ&&88Ÿ&&
(goì` ^JdËñdê$nHo$ àH$maŸ1 godmH$mo àH$maŸ2 ñdê$nà{VîR>mH$mo àH$maŸ3 ñdê$nH$s
ew{ÕH$mo àH$maŸ4 ñdê$n H$hm§Vo àmßV H$aZmo VmH$mo àH$maŸ5 BË`m{X {df`H$
CnXoe) ì`mnH$ËdmV²Ÿ=Ÿì`mnH$ hmo`doV| (ŸAmdí`H$…Ÿ=ŸAmdí`H$)
{MÌ_y{V©a{dkmZm§ namYrZmË_Zm_{nŸ&& AOrdV…Ÿ=ŸOrdmË_mH$s Ý`m§B© ZŸ=ŸZmht ho, EVV²Ÿ=Ÿò
ew { MíbúUm_nrÀ`m§ M Jw é XÎmm§ Ôo X ² da¡ … 1 Ÿ&&86Ÿ&& Ho$db àmUmÜ`mg`wŠV hmo`donohr (g§ñH$ma…)Ÿ=Ÿg§ñH$ma
VrW© V mo ` ¡ { Z© O ¡ _ © Ý Ì¡ … g§ ñ H¥ $ Vm§ gw _ Zmo h am_² Ÿ && Xoh_| H$hþ§ à{dï> hmo`doH$s ñWmZewÕçW©_odŸ=Ÿ^m¡{VH$-ñWmZ
b¿dr_o d Ôo X ² _y { Vª `WmbãYmo n MmaH¡ $ … 2 Ÿ&&87Ÿ&& jwÐgm_Ï`© Z hmo`doV| (Ÿ{ebmYmVw Am{X)H$s ew{ÕHo${b`
AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§(_yVm£…)Ÿ=Ÿ_y{V©_| gX²Jwamo…Ÿ=ŸgX²JwéH$s
ew{MíbúUm_²Ÿ=Ÿn{dÌ Aé gwHw$_ma VrW©Vmo`¡…Ÿ=ŸVrW©Ho$ Obgm| àmUà{VîR>m{XŸ=ŸàmUà{Vð>m eãXmW©_{nŸ=ŸAmkmHo$
MŸ=ŸAé, AnrÀ`m§Ÿ=ŸA{V gwÝXa {ZO¡: _ÝÌ¡…Ÿ=ŸAnZo _ÝÌgm| Am{X g§ñH$ma{d{Y AW©hþ {Zê${nV ^òŸh|
JwéXÎmm§Ÿ=ŸJwégm| àmßV g§ñH¥$Vm§Ÿ=Ÿg§ñH$ma H$ar ^B©
(_y{Vª)Ÿ=Ÿ^JdËñdê$nH$m| gw_Zmoham_²Ÿ=ŸgwÝXa-_Zmoha ^mdmW© : na~«÷ lrH¥$îU Vmo gd©ì`mnH$ hmo`doV| Aé _Zwî`-XodVm AmXrZ²Ho$
Oog| àmH¥$V Zmht hmo`doV| lrH¥$îUHo$ goì`ñdê$n_| àmUà{Vð>m Am{X emñÌr`
ÔoX²Ÿ=ŸÔo, da¡…Ÿ=Ÿloð> bÜdr_odŸ=ŸN>moQ>r gr
{d{Y H$[adoH$s nw{ï>^pŠVgåàXm`_| Amdí`H$Vm Zmht. nyd©íbmoH$_| H$ho g§ñH$ma
_y{VªŸ=Ÿ^JdÝ_y{V©H$mo namYrZmË_Zm_²Ÿ=Ÿ(ŸVWmŸ) Vmo(ŸOm {ebm-YmVw-H$mð> Am{Xgm| _y{V© ~Zr ho dmŸ)ñWmZH$s ew{ÕHo$ AW© Aé
`WmbãYmonMmaH¡$…Ÿ=ŸghOVmgm| namYrZ bmoJZ²H$m|,ŸA{nŸ=Ÿhþ JwéH$s Amkm àmßV H$adoHo$ AW© hmoVŸhoŸ&&88Ÿ&&
CnbãYŸdñVyZ²gm|,ŸÔoX²Ÿ=ŸgodmŸH$ao. {MÌ_y{V©…Ÿ=Ÿ{MÌñdê$n
A{dkmZm§Ÿ=ŸAënkmZrZ²H$m| (goì`m=godm`mo½`Ÿ^d{V=hmoVŸho) Aew { Mñne© Z o Vñ`m… VWm nÄMm_¥ V ¡ a {nŸ&&
hmo _ ¡ X m© Z o Z g§ e mo Ü `m d¡ { XHo $ Z {ZOmË_dV² 4Ÿ &&89Ÿ&&
585 586
VWmŸ=ŸAé,ŸVñ`m…Ÿ=ŸdmH$m|, hmo_¡…Ÿ=Ÿhmo_gm|,ŸXmZoZŸ=ŸXmZgm|
Aew{Mñne©ZoŸ=ŸAn{dÌH$moŸñne© VWmŸ=ŸAé,Ÿd¡{XHo$ZŸ=Ÿd¡{XH$ àmV…Ÿ=Ÿgdoaogm| VÎmëbrbmZw^mdoZŸ=ŸVV²-VV²
hmo`don|,Ÿ{ZOmË_dV²Ÿ=ŸAnZo Oog| (H$_©UmŸ=ŸH$_©gm|)A{nŸ=Ÿhþ Amaä`Ÿ=ŸAmaå^ H$aHo$ brbmH$s ^mdZmgm|
nÄMm_¥V¡…Ÿ=ŸnÄMm_¥Vgm| g§emoÜ`mŸ=ŸewÕ H$aZr _Ü`môZmd{Y…Ÿ=Ÿ_Ü`môZ n`©ÝV ñdJwégå_Vm_²Ÿ=ŸAnZo JwéH$m| gå_V
M¡dŸ=ŸAé,ŸAnamôUHo$Ÿ=Ÿgm`§H$mb_| (_y{VªŸ=Ÿ_y{V©H$m|),ŸÔoV²Ÿ=ŸÔo
^mdmW© : H$~hþH$ goì` ^JdËñdê$nH$m| An{dÌH$mo ñne© hmo` Om` AWdm H$moB©
Ad¡îUd dmHo$ Xe©Z H$[a Om` Vmo Oog| ñZmZm{Xgm| AnZ² AnZr ew{Õ H$aV h| ^mdmW© … àmV:H$mbgm| Amaå^ H$aHo$ _Ü`môZ n`©ÝV Vog|B© gm`§H$mb_|
Vog| goì`ñdê$nH$s ew{Õ hþ nÄMm_¥V, hmo_, XmZ VWm d¡{XH$ H$_© Am{Xgm| VÎmËH$mbmZwê$n à^yZ²H$s brbmH$s ^mdZm H$aVo ^ò AnZo JwéH$s gå_{V hmo`
H$aZrŸ&&89Ÿ&& Ego ^JdËñdê$nH$s godm H$aoŸ&&91Ÿ&&
Jw é XÎmm§ ñd`§ b ãYm§ ^ŠV¡ a {n gw n y { OVm_² Ÿ && dñÌ¡ í M ^y f U¡ a ² JÝY¡ … Z¡ d o Ú ¡ a ² ì`ÄOZ¡ … ew ^ ¡ … Ÿ&&
ì`“m“r_{n go d o V `{X ^mdmo Z ~mÜ`Vo 5 Ÿ&&90Ÿ&& Xo e -H$mb-{d^y V rZm_² AZw g mao U go d Z_² Ÿ &&92Ÿ&&
JwéXÎmm§Ÿ=ŸJwéHo$ Ûmam nYamB ^B© ì`“m“r_²Ÿ=ŸIpÊS>V,ŸA{nŸ=Ÿhþ Xoe-H$mb-{d^yVrZm_²Ÿ=ŸXoe,ŸH$mbŸAé- JÝY¡…Ÿ=ŸgwJpÝYV nXmW©Z²gm|

ñd`§bãYm§Ÿ=Ÿñd`§Hy§$ àmßV ^B© (Ÿ_y{VªŸ=Ÿ_y{V©H$s)ŸgodoVŸ=Ÿgodm H$ao Ðì` Ho$ ~mao_| AnZr gm_Ï`©Ho$ MŸ=ŸAé,ŸZ¡doÚ¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{ZdoXZmh©
^ŠV¡a{nŸ=Ÿ^ŠVZ²gm| `{XŸ=Ÿ`{X ^md:Ÿ=Ÿ^md AZwgmaoUŸ=ŸAZwgma,Ÿew^¡…Ÿ=Ÿew^ ì`ÄOZ¡…Ÿ=Ÿì`ÄOZZ²gm|
gwny{OVm§Ÿ=Ÿgo{dV Z ~mYVoŸ=Ÿ~m{YV Z hmoVmo hmo`(V{h©Ÿ=ŸVmo) dñÌ¡…Ÿ=ŸdñÌZ²gm|,Ÿ^yfU¡…Ÿ=ŸAm^yfUZ²gm| godZ_²Ÿ=Ÿgodm(Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$ao)
^mdmW© : JwéÛmam nYamB©, ñd`§Hy§$ H$hþ§Vo àmßV ^B© hmo`, AWdm nyd©_| AÝ` H$moC ^mdmW© … Xoe, H$mb Aé Ðì` gå~ÝYr AnZr gm_Ï`©Ho$ AZwgma àmßV CÎm_
^JdXr`Zo OmH$s godm H$ar hmo` Egr AWdm {X ^md ~m{YV Z hmoVmo hmo` Vmo dñÌ, Am^yfU, AÎma-MÝXZ-Ho$ea-Jwbm~Ob Am{X gwJpÝYV nXmW© VWm
IpÊS>V hmo` JB© hmo` Egr hþ ^JdÝ_y{V©H$s godm H$aoŸ&&90Ÿ&& {d{dY àH$maHo$ AmamoJm`doH$s gm_J«rZ² gm| lrH¥$îUH$s godm H$aoŸ&&92Ÿ&&
({ZË`godmHo$ ñdê$nHo$ CnXoeH$mo CnH«$_) ào å Um n[aMao V ² gmYw … `mdÁOrd§ g_m{hV…Ÿ&&

VoZmñ` ^mdZm-{g{Õ… ``m ñ`mV² H¥$V-H¥$Ë`VmŸ&&93Ÿ&&
(1. CnH«$_)
àmVamaä` _Ü`môZmd{Y… M¡ d mnamôUHo $ Ÿ&& gmYw…Ÿ=ŸgËnwéf,Ÿ`mdÁOrd§Ÿ=ŸOrdZ n`©ÝV Añ`Ÿ=Ÿ`mH$s
VÎmëbrbmZw ^ mdo Z Ôo V ² ñd-Jw é -gå_Vm_² Ÿ &&91Ÿ&& g_m{hV…Ÿ=ŸEH$ {MÎm hmo`Ho$ ^mdZm-{g{Õ…Ÿ=Ÿ^pŠV^mdH$s {g{Õ
587 588
àoåUmŸ=Ÿào_gm| (^d{VŸ=ŸhmoV ho),Ÿ``mŸ=ŸOmV| `Wmo{XV_²Ÿ=ŸemñÌmkmZwgma {ZË`§Ÿ=Ÿà{V{XZ
n[aMaoV²Ÿ=ŸgodmŸH$ao,ŸVoZŸ=ŸVmV| H¥$VH¥$Ë`Vm=H¥$VH¥$Ë`Vm,Ÿñ`mV²=hmoVŸh¡ àmV…H¥$Ë`§Ÿ=ŸàmV:H¥$Ë` gm¡JÝYmä`ÄOZ§Ÿ=ŸgwJÝYr Vobgm|
H$m`©_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo _m{be, ^doV²Ÿ=Ÿhmo`.
^mdmW© … gËnwéfH$m| OrdZn`©ÝV EH${Zð> hmo`Ho$ ào_gm| lrH¥$îUH$s godm H$aZr.
Eg| godm H$aoV| ^pŠV^md Ñ‹T> hmoV ho. ^pŠVHo$ Ñ‹T> ^òV| ^ŠV H¥$VH¥$Ë` hmo` ^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| Kagm| ~m{ha Om`H|$ _bmoËgJm©{X XohH¥$Ë` H$aZo. _wIew{Õ
OmV hoŸ&&93Ÿ&& H$aZr. Vm nmN>| gwJÝY`wŠV Vobgm| earan| _m{be H$aZrŸ&&95Ÿ&&
(2.ŸàmV:H$mb_| OmJaUHo$ níMmÎm ^JdËñ_aU1 ñZmZ2 em¡M3 AmM_Z4 _bñZmZ§ J¥ h o H$m`ª VßVmo X H$namo X H¡ $ …Ÿ&&
Am{XHo$ {Z`_) Vñ`mo n [a lr`_w Z mOb¡ … ñZmZ§ ñVd¡ í M dmŸ&96Ÿ&&
àmV… nmíMmË``m_o @ gm¡ g_w Ë Wm` ew { M{Y© ` mŸ&& VrW© ñ WmZo _bñZmZ§ H¥ $ Ëdm Vrao @ {^_ÁOZ_² Ÿ &&
ñ_ao X ² ^JdVmo brbm§ Jmò V ² Vñ` Jw U mZ² {JamŸ&&94Ÿ&&
J¥hoŸ=ŸKa_| ñZmZ§Ÿ=ŸñZmZ
àmV…Ÿ=Ÿgdoao brbm§Ÿ=ŸbrbmH$mo _bñZmZ§Ÿ=Ÿ_bñZmZ (H$m`ªŸ=H$aZmo)
nmíMmË``m_oŸ=Ÿnm{N>bo àha_| ñ_aoV²Ÿ=Ÿñ_aU H$ao VßVmoXH$namoXH¡$…Ÿ=Ÿg_moò Obgm| _bñZmZ§Ÿ=Ÿ_bñZmZ
Agm¡Ÿ=Ÿdmo,Ÿg_wËWm`Ÿ=ŸOm{JHo$ {JamŸ=ŸdmUrgm| AWdm namoXH$gm|,ŸH$m`©_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo ŸH¥$Ëdm=H$ao nmN>|,(ŸEdŸ=Ÿhr)
ew{M…Ÿ=ŸewÕ hmo`Ho$ Vñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{dZHo$, Vñ`Ÿ=ŸVmHo$,ŸCn[aŸ=ŸD$na VrW©ñWmZoŸ=ŸVrW©ñWmZ_|
{Y`mŸ=Ÿ~w{Õnyd©H$ JwUmZ²Ÿ=ŸJwUZ²H$mo lr`_wZmOb¡…Ÿ=Ÿlr`_wZmObgm| VraoŸ=ŸVQ>n|
^JdV:Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²H$s JmòV²Ÿ=ŸJmZ H$ao dmŸ=ŸAWdm A{^_ÁOZ_²Ÿ=ŸñZmZ
ñVd¡:ŸMŸ=ŸñVdZgm|Ÿhþ (ŸH$V©ì`_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo)
^mdmW© … gy`m}X`Ho$ nyd© àha_| Om{JHo$ ewÕ hmoB ~w{Õnyd©H$ ^JdmZ²H$s brbmH$mo
ñ_aU H$ao Aé dmUrgm| ^JdmZ²Ho$ JwUZ²H$mo JmZ H$aoŸ&&94Ÿ&&
^mdmW© … Ka_| _bñZmZ g_moò Obgm| AWdm namoXH$gm| H$aZmo. _bñZmZ H$ao
nmN>| `{X CnbãY hmo` Vmo lr`_wZmObgm| Aé CnbãY Z hmo` Vmo gm_mÝ`
àmV… H¥ $ Ë`§ VV… H$m`ª ~{hJ© Ë dm `Wmo { XV_² Ÿ && Obgm| hr ñZmZ_ÝÌHo$ CÀMmanyd©H$ ñZmZ H$aZmo. Aé VrW©_| ñZmZ Vmo _bñZmZ
_w I ew { ÕñVVmo {ZË`§ gm¡ J ÝYmä`ÄOZ§ ^do V ² Ÿ &&95Ÿ&& H$ao nmN>| hr H$aZmo. gmo H$mhoVo Omo emó_| {ZU©` {X`mo h¡Ÿ:
VV…Ÿ=ŸVm nmN>| VV…Ÿ=ŸVm nmN>| ""{ZË`§ Z¡{_{ÎmH§$ M¡d {H«$`m“§ _bH$f©U§,

~{h… JËdmŸ=ŸKagm| ~m{ha Om`Ho$ _wIew{Õ…Ÿ=Ÿ_wIH$s ew{Õ VrWm©^mdoVw H$V©ì`_² CîUmoXH$namoXH¡$:''
589 590
(ŸAmMma_`yI, _bmnH$f©ñZmZ_² `_ñ_¥{VH$m[aH$mŸ), Zm_{^…Ÿ=ŸZm_Z²gm|
""ñZmZ§ ZXrXodImVõXofw M gañgw M, Hw$‘w>_ñ`Ÿ=ŸHw$‘w>Ho$, D$Üd©nwÊS´>m{UŸ=Ÿ _wÐm, MŸ=Ÿhþ
nÄM{nÊS>mZZwÕ¥Ë` Z ñZm`mV² nadm[a{U'' D$ÜdnwÊS´> {VbH$ H$aZo (A‘>Zr`m)Ÿ=ŸA[‘>V H$aZr
( VÌ¡d, AW ñZmZ§, `moJ`mkdëŠ`H$m[aH$m) JmonrMZÝXZ-_¥ËñZ`mŸ=Ÿ {dewÕòŸ=ŸBpÝÐ`Z²H$s
""nagÎmmHo$ AZwËg¥ï>Obo _¥pËnÊS>nÄMH$moÕaUm^mdo Z ñZm`mX² B{V JmonrMÝXZH$s _mQ>rgm| AmÜ`mpË_H$ ew{ÕHo$ AW©.
ApÝV_mYm©W©:'' (ŸQ>rH$m`m_²Ÿ).
^mdmW© … ~mahm| A“Z²n| ^JdÝZm_Z²H$mo CÀMmaU H$aVo ^ò Hw$‘w>_gm| D$Üd©nwÊS´>
1 2
(3. ñZmZ H$ao nmN>| dñÌYmaU H$[adoH$s , KaH$m| bmoQ>doH$s , {VbH$-N>mnm {VbH$ H$aZo. JmonrMÝXZH$s _mQ>rgm| e§I-MH«$m{X gmåàXm{`H$ _wÐm hþ A[‘>V
YmaU H$[adoH$s3, ^JdÀMaUm_¥V bo`doH$s4, Vwbgr_mbm YmaU H$[adoH$s5, H$aZr. Ego H$aoV| BpÝÐ`Z²H$s ^JdËgodmHo$ bm`H$ AmÜ`mpË_H$ ew{Õ hmoV hoŸ&&
àmV…g³Ü`m-OnH$s ar{V6)
VVñVw YmaU§ ewÕH$m¡eo`må~a`w½_`mo…1Ÿ&&97Ÿ&& MaUm_¥ V nmZ§ M bo n íMm{n {dew Õ ò 4 Ÿ&&99Ÿ&&
nmXwH$m{^J¥©ho `mZ§ ñne©Z§ Z¡d H$ñ`{MV²2Ÿ&& VVñVw Vw b gr_mbm§ Y¥ Ë dm 5 g³ Ü `m§ g_mMao V ² 6 Ÿ&&
VV…Ÿ=ŸVm nmN>|, VwŸ=ŸVmo MaUm_¥VnmZ§Ÿ=ŸMaUm_¥VH$mo nmZ MŸ=ŸAé, bon: Mm{nŸ=Ÿbonhþ

ewÕH$m¡eo`må~a`w½_`mo…Ÿ=ŸewÕŸaoe_rŸXmoŸdñÌ `mZ§Ÿ=ŸJ_Z(ŸH$V©ì`_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo) (H$V©ì`m¡)Ÿ=ŸH$aZo Y¥ËdmŸ=ŸYmaU H$[aHo$
YmaU§Ÿ=ŸYmaU H$ñ`{MV²Ÿ=ŸH$mhþH$mo VV…Ÿ=ŸVm nmN>|, VwŸ=ŸVmo g³Ü`m§Ÿ=Ÿg³Ü`mH$_©
(ŸH¥$ËdmŸ=ŸH$[aHo$) ñne©ZŸ§ =Ÿñne© Vwbgr_mbm§Ÿ=ŸVwbgrH$s _mbm g_mMaoV²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo.
nmXwH$m{^…Ÿ=ŸnmXwH$m nh[aHo$ Z¡dŸ=Ÿgd©Wm Z
J¥hoŸ=ŸKa à{V (H$V©ì`_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo) ^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| à^yZ²Ho$ MaUm_¥V-ObH$mo nmZ Aé A“Z²n| bonZ H$aZmo. Vm
nmN>| *VwbgrH$s _mbm-H§$R>r YmaU H$[aHo$ g³Ü`m-Onm{X H$aZo.
^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| ewÕ aoe_r dñÌ YmaU H$[aHo$, nm§dZ²_| nmXwH$m nh[aHo$ Ka
AmZmo. ~rM_| H$mhþH$mo ñne© H$aZmo ZmhtŸ&& (4.^JdËgodmaå^{d{Y)
n[aM`m© hao … H$m`m© n[admaOZ¡ … ghŸ&&100Ÿ&&
Hw $ ‘w > _ñ`mo Ü d© n w Ê S´ > m{U ÛmXem“o f w Zm_{^…Ÿ&&98Ÿ&& JËdm h[anX§ nX² ä `m§ ñVw Ë dm Ûma§ àUå` MŸ&&
e§ I -MH« $ m{X-_w Ð míM Jmo n r-MÝXZ-_¥ Ë ñZ`m 3 Ÿ&& à{dí` _mO© Z ¡ b } n ¡ … nmÌmUm§ emo Y Z§ Mao V ² Ÿ &&101Ÿ&&
ÛmXem“ofwŸ=Ÿ~mah A“Z²n| e§IMH«$m{X_wÐm…Ÿ=Ÿe§I-MH«$m{X n[admaOZ¡…Ÿ=Ÿn[admaOZZ²Ho$ ñVwËdmŸ=ŸñVdZ H$[aHo$

591 592
ghŸ=Ÿg“, hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aH$s àUå`Ÿ=ŸXÊS>dV² àUm_ H$[aHo$
n[aM`m©Ÿ=Ÿgodm,ŸH$m`m©Ÿ=ŸH$aZr MŸ=ŸAé (Ÿ_“b^moJ, AmaVr, ñZmZ H$s {d{YŸ)
h[anX§Ÿ=Ÿà^wHo$ {~amOdoHo$ ñWmZ_| à{dí`Ÿ=Ÿ^rVa àdoe H$[aHo$ h¡ ` “drZnŠdmÝZ¡ … Vmå~y b ¡ … gw O b¡ ` © O o V ² Ÿ &&103Ÿ&&
nX²ä`m§Ÿ=Ÿnm§dZ²gm| MbHo$ _mO©Z¡…Ÿ=Ÿ_m§OrHo$,Ÿbon¡…Ÿ=ŸbtnrHo$ VVmo ZramOZ§ H$m`ª _“b§ JrVdmÚH¡ $ …Ÿ&&
JËdmŸ=ŸOm`Ho$ nmÌmUm§Ÿ=ŸnmÌZ²H$s
Ûma§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdÝ_pÝXaHo$ ÛmaH$mo emoYZ§Ÿ=Ÿew{Õ,ŸMaoV²Ÿ=ŸH$ao h¡`“drZnŠdmÝZ¡…Ÿ=ŸVmOmo _mIZ, VV…Ÿ=ŸVm nmN>|,ŸJrVdmÚH¡$…Ÿ=
nŠdmÝZgm|, gwOb¡…Ÿ=ŸgwÝXaŸObgm| Jm`Z-dmXZ g{hV,Ÿ_“b§Ÿ=Ÿ_“b
^mdmW© … n[admaHo$ bmoJZ²Ho$ g“ {_{bHo$ à^yZ²H$s godm-n[aM`m© H$ao. nm§dZ²gm| Vmå~yb¡…Ÿ=Ÿ~rargm|,ŸÒoV²Ÿ=Ÿgodm H$ao ZramOZ§Ÿ=ŸAmaVr,ŸH$m`©_²Ÿ=ŸH$aZr
MbHo$ à^yZ²Ho$ {~amOdoHo$ ñWmZH$m| Om`. ^JdÝ_pÝXaHo$ ÛmaZ²Ho$ AmJ| ñVw{V-
àUm_ H$[aHo$ _pÝXaHo$ ^rVa àdoe H$ao. gwdU©-aOVm{XHo$ nmÌZ²H$m| _m§{OHo$ Aé ^mdmW© … _“b^moJ_| VmOmo _mIZ, R>moa-_R>ar Am{X nŠdmÝZ, gw_Ywa VmOm
_mQ>rHo$ nmÌZ²H$m| btnrHo$ ewÕ H$aoŸ&&101Ÿ&& Ob g_n}. Vm nmN>| ^moJ gam`Ho$ ~ram g_n}. g_`mZwê$n dmÚ g{hV _“bmHo$
H$sV©Z H$ao. nmN>| _“b AmaVrŸH$aoŸ&&
(5. ^JdËà~moYZ)
gå^¥ Ë ` gd© g å^ma§ àmVamem{Xny d © H $_² Ÿ && Aä`“mo Ý _X© Z ¡ … ñZmZ§ J¥ h ñZmZ{dYmZV…Ÿ&&104Ÿ&&
à~mo Ü ` lrh[a¨ ào å Um _w I ew Õ ç§ e w H $m{X{^…Ÿ&&102Ÿ&& ñVw Ë dm H${bÝXOm§ ñZmVo Hw $ `m© V ² gåàmo Ä N>Zm§ e w H $_² Ÿ &&
Ab§ H ¥ $ Ë` VV… qghmgZo g_w n do e ò V ² Ÿ &&
Aä`“moÝ_X©Z¡…Ÿ=ŸVob-C~Q>Z _{bHo$
àmVamem{Xnyd©H$_²Ÿ=Ÿ_“b^moJŸAm{XŸgOm`H|$ gd©gå^ma§=gd©ŸdñVw-gm_J«r J¥hñZmZ{dYmZV…Ÿ=ŸKa_| ñZmZH$adoŸgå~pÝYŸemñÌr` {dYmZgm|
gå^¥Ë`Ÿ=Ÿgm{OHo$ Ab§H¥$Ë`Ÿ=ŸAb‘>ma AmN>r- H${bÝXOm§Ÿ=Ÿlr`_wZmOrH$s ñVwËdmŸ=ŸñVw{VŸH$[aHo$
lrh[a¨Ÿ=Ÿà^yZ²H$m|,ŸàoåUmŸ=Ÿào_gm| ^m§{Vgm| Yam`Ho$,ŸVV…Ÿ=ŸVmŸnmN>| ñZmZ§Ÿ=ŸñZmZ H$amdZmo gåàmoÄN>Zm§ewH$_²Ÿ=ŸA“dñÌ
à~moÜ`Ÿ=ŸOJm`Ho$,Ÿ _wIewÜ`§ewH$m{X{^…Ÿ= ñZmVoŸ=ŸñZmZ hmo` Omdon| Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$amdZmo
qghmgZoŸ=ŸqghmgZn|
AmM_Z-_wIdñÌ H$am`Ho$ g_wndoeòV²Ÿ=ŸnYamdZo ^mdmW© … gwJpÝYV Vob-Am§dam-MÝXZ-Ho$ea Am{X g_{n©Ho$, Ka_| ñZmZ
H$[adoHo$ emñÌr` {dYmZgm|, lr`_wZmOrH$s ñVw{V H$a[aHo$ à^yZ²H$m| ñZmZ H$amdZo.
^mdmW© … _“b^moJ, ObnmZH$s Pmar Am{X gd© dñVw n{hbogm| hr gm{OHo$ VmŸnmN>| A{V H$mo_b gy{VdñÌgm| lrA§JŸnm|N>ZmoŸ&&
amIZr. Vm nmN>| à^yZ²H$m| ào_gm| OJmdZo. AmM_Z-_wIdñÌ H$am`Ho$ AñVì`ñV
^ò Am^yfUZ²H$m| AmN>r ^m§{Vgm| Yam`Ho$ à^yZ²H$m| qghmgZn| nYamdZoŸ&& (Ÿe¥§Jma YamZo, ~r‹S>m YaZmo, Amagr {XImdZr, F$Vw-H$mbmZwgma gOmdQ>
593 594
YaZr, nmN>o JmdV-~OmdV Xyn-Xrn-AmaVr H$aVr {~[a`m§ `{X {ZOOZ ^ŠV (6. ^moJ g_n©U, Ad{eîQ> g³Ü`mOnm{XŸ)
hm|` Vmo {VZH$m| Xe©Z H$amZo hm|` Vmo H$amZoŸ) VVmo ZmZm{dY¡ … ew Õ ¡ í MVw { d© Y -gw ^ mo O Z¡ … Ÿ&&
e¥ “ ma§ apÄOV¡ a ² dñÌ¡ … {MÌ¡ a mâU¡ a {nŸ&&105Ÿ&& gå^¥ V § ñdU© n mÌÝVw hao a J« o {Zdo X ò V ² Ÿ &&109Ÿ&&
_m`y a _w H w $ Q>¡ aå`¡ … do U w d o Ì ¡ … gw _ më`H¡ $ …Ÿ&&
{dVmZ¡ … àga¡ … ew ^ « ¡ … à{Vgma¡ Z © d ¡ Z © d ¡ … Ÿ&&106Ÿ&& VVmoŸ=ŸVm nmN>| gå^¥V§Ÿ=ŸnyU©
Ob-H« $ sS>mo n ñH$a¡ í M Vmå~y b m_mo X -Xn© U ¡ … Ÿ&& ZmZm{dY¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{d{dY àH$maHo$ ñdU©nmÌ§Ÿ=ŸgmoZoHo$ nmÌH$m|
ìÒZ¡ a ² Ob^¥ “ ma¡ … Xo e H$mbmZw g m[a{^…Ÿ&&107Ÿ&& ewÕ¡…Ÿ=ŸewÕ,ŸMVw{d©Y-gw^moOZ¡…Ÿ=Ÿ VwŸ=ŸVmo, hao…Ÿ=Ÿh[aHo$
Ab§ H ¥ $ Ë`¡ d gào _ ñdr`mZ² ^ŠVmZ² àXe© ` o V ² Ÿ && Mma àH$maHo$ ñdm{Xï> ^moOZgm| AJ«oŸ=ŸAmJ|,Ÿ{ZdoXòV²Ÿ=ŸnYamdo.
Vm¡ ` © { ÌHo $ Z VÌm{n Yy n -Xrnm{XZm{V© H $_² Ÿ &&108Ÿ&&
^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| {d{dY àH$maHo$ boø, Mmoî`, no` Aé ImÚ Eg| Mm`m]
(VV…=ŸVm nmN>|)apÄOV¡…Ÿ=Ÿa§Jo ^ò à{Vgma¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{nN>dmB©,ŸMŸ=ŸAé àH$maHo$ ewÕ ñdm{Xï> ^moOZgm| nyU© gmoZoHo$ nmÌH$m| h[aHo$ AmJ| nYamdoŸ&&109Ÿ&&
dñÌ¡…Ÿ=ŸdñÌZ²gm|,Ÿ{MÌ¡amâU¡…Ÿ= Ob-H«$sS>mno ñH$a¡:=ObH«$sS>mH$sdñVyZg² m|
{d{dY AmâUgm|,Ÿaå`¡…Ÿ=ŸgwÝXa XoeH$mbmZwgm[a{^…Ÿ=ŸXoe-H$mb Vw b gt e§ I -Vmo ` o Z Jm`Í`mpñ_Z² {ZYm` MŸ&&
_m`ya_wHw$Q>¡…Ÿ=Ÿ_moan§IHo$ _wHw$Q>gm| AZwgmar, gào_Ÿ=Ÿào_ g{hV ""EVV² g_{n© V § Xo d ^ŠË`m _o à{VJ¥ ø Vm_² ' 'Ÿ&&110Ÿ&&
doUwdoÌ¡…Ÿ=Ÿ~§gr-N>‹S>rgm| Ab§H¥$Ë`¡dŸ=Ÿe¥§Jma Yam`Ho$ amO^mo J § g_ß`£ d § , ~{hJm} J « m g_² AmMao V ² Ÿ &&
gw_më`H¡$…Ÿ=ŸgwÝXa _mbmgm| ñdr`mZ²Ÿ=Ÿ{ZO,Ÿ^ŠVmZ²Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVZ²H$m| VVmo @ d{eï> § Omß`m{X _mÜ`m{•H$_² BhmMao V ² Ÿ &&111Ÿ&&
Zd¡… Zd¡:Ÿ=ŸZdrZ-ZdrZ àXe©òV²Ÿ=ŸXe©Z H$amdo
e¥“ma§=e¥J§ ma(H¥$Ëdm=H$[aHo$)ew^…¡« =CÁdb VÌ A{nŸ=ŸVhm§ hþ Apñ_Z²Ÿ=Ÿ`m_|(nmÌoŸ=ŸnmÌ_|) Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$ao)Ed§Ÿ=ŸAé
{dVmZ¡…Ÿ=ŸM§Xmodm,Ÿàga¡…Ÿ=Ÿ{~N>m¡Zm Vm¡`©{ÌHo$ZŸ=ŸZ¥Ë`-JrV-dmÚgm| e§I-VmoòZŸ=Ÿe§IHo$ Obgm| amO^moJ§Ÿ=ŸamO^moJ
YynXrnm{XZmŸ=ŸYyn-Xrn Am{Xgm| Am{V©H$_²Ÿ=ŸAmaVr(Hw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$ao) Jm`Í`mŸ=ŸJm`Ìr_ÝÌgm| g_ß`©Ÿ=Ÿg_{n©Ho$
VwbgtŸ=ŸVwbgrH$m|,Ÿ{ZYm`Ÿ=ŸnYam`Ho$ ~{h…Ÿ=Ÿ~hma
^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| F$Vw-H$mbHo$ AZwgma a§Jo ^ò dñÌ, {d{dY AmâU, gwÝXa MŸ=ŸAé, ho XodŸ=Ÿho Xod JmoJ«mg_²Ÿ=ŸJmoJ«mg
_moan§IHo$ _wHw$Q>, ~§gr-N>‹S>r, gwÝXa _mbm Aé ZdrZ-ZdrZ Am^yfU gm| _oŸ=Ÿ_oaoÛmam AmMaoV²Ÿ=Xodo.VV:=VmnmN|>
à^yZ²Ho$ e¥§Jma H$ao. CÁdb M§Xmodm, {~N>m¡Zm, {nN>dmB Aé ObH«$sS>mH$s dñVw ^ŠË`mŸ=Ÿ^pŠVgm| Ad{eï> = AnyU© aho
Am{XHy§$ gOmdo. Vm nmN>| Z¥Ë`, JrV Am¡a dmÚ g{hV Yyn-Xrn-AmaVr H$aVr
g_{n©V§Ÿ=Ÿg_{n©V,ŸEVV²Ÿ=Ÿò _mÜ`m{•H$_²Ÿ=Ÿ_Ü`môZg³Ü`m
{~[a`m§ `{X {ZOOZ ^ŠV hm|` Vmo {VZH$m| Xe©Z H$amZo hm|` Vmo H$amZ|Ÿ&&108Ÿ&&
à{VJ¥ôçVm_²Ÿ=ŸJ¥hU H$amo Omß`m{XŸ=ŸOn Am{X
(ŸB{VŸ=ŸEg|,Ÿ{ZdoXZ§Ÿ=Ÿ{ZdoXZ BhŸ=Ÿ`hm§,ŸAmMaoV²Ÿ=ŸH$ao.
595 596
^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| Jm`Ìr _ÝÌHo$ CÀMmaUnyd©H$ e§IHo$ Obgm| ^moJHo$ nmÌZ²_| VVmoŸ=ŸVm nmN>| Añ`Ÿ=ŸBZHo$
Vwbgr nYam`Ho$ {dkpßV H$ao : ""ho Xod _oaoÛmam ^pŠV^mdgm| g_{n©V ò ^moJ- amO{d^yVrZm§Ÿ=ŸamO{d^y{VZ²H$s _pÝXa§Ÿ=Ÿ_pÝXaH$m|
g_J«rH$mo ñdrH$ma H$amo''. `m àH$magm| amO^moJ g_{n©Ho$ (ŸlrZÝXamÒr- Ý`m§B©, AmXe£…Ÿ=ŸXn©Ugm| {nYm`Ÿ=Ÿ~ÝX H$[aHo$
lrèmoXmOr lrH¥$îUH$m| ^moOZ H$amdoV| n{hbo ^yV`kHo$ emñÌr`{dYmZmZwgma
Mm_a¡…Ÿ=Ÿ_moaN>bŸM_aŸn§ImZ²Ÿgm| ~{h…Ÿ=Ÿ~m{ha,ŸAmd«OoV²Ÿ=ŸOm`
JmoJ«mg XoV h| dm ^mdgm|Ÿ) ~hma JmoJ«mg XoZm|. Vm nmN>| eof aho On Am{X
H$aZoŸ&&110-111Ÿ&& ÔoV²Ÿ=Ÿgodm H$ao òJ²-JÝYm{XŸ=Ÿ_mbm-MÝXZm{X
JrVmÚwËgdV:Ÿ=ŸJrV-dmÚ-Z¥Ë` {eamo-Y¥ËdmŸ=Ÿ_mW| M‹T>m`Ho$
(Ÿ7. amO^moJ AmaVr Aé godmZdgaHo$ H$m`©Ÿ) CËgd Am{Xgm|, {hŸ=Ÿhþ àUå`¡dŸ=ŸàUm_ H$[aHo$
VVñËdmM_Z§ XËdm Vmå~y b § _mëÒm§ òO_² Ÿ && ZramÁ`Ÿ=ŸAmaVr H$[aHo$ J¥h§Ÿ=ŸKaH$m|, d«OoV²Ÿ=ŸOm`
Angm`© {demo Ü `mÌ Z¡ d o Ú § Ob_mZò V ² Ÿ &&112Ÿ&& MŸ=ŸAé, àUå`Ÿ=ŸàUm_ŸH$[aHo$ _mÜ`m{•H§$Ÿ=Ÿ_Ü`m•H$mbrZŸH$_©H$m|
MŸ=ŸAé, EZ§Ÿ=ŸEogoŸBZŸà^yZ²H$m| g_mß`¡dŸ=ŸnyU© H$[aHo$
VV…Ÿ=ŸVm nmN>|, VwŸ=ŸVmo XËdmŸ=ŸXo`Ho$ ö{XŸ=ŸöX`_| lr_X²^mJdV§Ÿ=Ÿlr_X²^mJdV
AmM_Z§Ÿ=ŸAmM_Z(H$ma{`ËdmŸ=ŸH$am`Ho$) Z¡doÚ_²Ÿ=Ÿ^moJ H¥$ËdmŸ=ŸYmaU H$[aHo$ nR>oV²Ÿ=Ÿ~m§Mo.
Vmå~yb§Ÿ=Ÿ~rar Angm`©=gam`Ho$,ŸAÌ=`hm§
_mëÒm§Ÿ=Ÿ~oZrgm| {gÕ H$ar ^B© {demoÜ`Ÿ=ŸJrbmo N>ÝZm {\$am`Ho$ ^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| amO{YamO à^yZ²H$m| Xn©U {XImdo, Mm_a Tw>amdo, à^yZ²Ho$ AmJ|
Z¥Ë`-dmÚ g{hV H$sV©Z JmZ H$ao. _Ü`môZ AmaVr H$[aHo$ à^yZ²H$m| àUm_ H$ao.
òO§Ÿ=Ÿ_mbm Ob_²Ÿ=ŸOb, AmZòV²Ÿ=Ÿbmdo
à^yZ²H$m| öX`_| YmaU H$[aHo$ ^JdÝ_pÝXaHo$ ÛmaZ²H$m| _“b H$[aHo$ ~m{ha Om`.
^JdËàgmXê$n _mbm-~ram-MÝXZm{XH$m| _mW| M‹T>m`Ho$ ÛmaH$m| àUm_ H$[aHo$
^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| g_` ^ò à^yZ²H$m| AmM_Z H$am`Ho$ ~ram nwîn_mbm- (ŸAnZo hr Kan[aga_| pñWV ^JdÝ_pÝXagm| {^ÝZ AnZoŸ) {ZdmgñWmZH$m| Om`.
nwînJwÀN> g_n©Zo. ^moJ Yao hm|` gmo g~ gam`Ho$ dm ñWmZHy§$ ewÕ H$aZmo. _Ü`môZH$mbrZ H$_©H$m| nyU© H$[aHo$ lr_X²^mJdV ~m§MoŸ&&114Ÿ&&
à^yZ²H$m| AamoJm`doHy§$ ObH$s Pmar nYamdZrŸ&&112Ÿ&&
(Ÿ8. ^JdÝ_hmàgmX J«hU H$[aHo$ nmN>| H$[adoHo$ H¥$Ë`Ÿ)
VVmo amO{d^y V rZm_² AmXe£ í Mm_a¡ ^ © O o V ² Ÿ && VVmo ^ŠVOZo ä `mo @ ñ` àgmX§ epŠVVmo Ôo V ² Ÿ &&115Ÿ&&
JrVmÚw Ë gdVmo ôço Z § ZramÁ` M àUå` MŸ&&113Ÿ&& g_mJVo ä `mo {dào ä `mo XrZo ä `íM `Wm`W_² Ÿ &&
ö{X H¥ $ Ëdm {nYm`mñ` _pÝXa§ ~{hamd« O o V ² Ÿ && XËdm ñdr`-OZ¡ ^ w © p ŠV… d¡ í dXo d mo @ {n VÌ d¡ Ÿ &&116Ÿ&&
òJ² - JÝYm{X {eamo - Y¥ Ë dm àUå`¡ d J¥ h § d« O o V ² Ÿ &&114Ÿ&&
_mÜ`m{•H§ $ g_mß`¡ d lr_X² ^ mJdV§ nR>o V ² Ÿ && VV…Ÿ=ŸVm nmN>| MŸ=Ÿhþ,Ÿ`Wm`W_²Ÿ=ŸH$Nw>H$-H$Nw>H$
597 598
^ŠVOZoä`…Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVOZZ²H$m| XËdmŸ=ŸXo`Ho$ ^ŠVmZm§Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVZ²Ho$ ~rM A{dÛmZ²Ÿ=Ÿn‹T>çmo-{b»`mo Z
Añ`Ÿ=Ÿ`mH$mo,ŸàgmX§Ÿ=Ÿ_hmàgmX d¡ídXod… = d¡ídXod,A{n=hþ gånÝZ-d¥{Îm…Ÿ=ŸYZgånÝZŸhmo`Ÿgmo hmo` VmoŸAñ`Ÿ=Ÿ{dÛmZ² ^ŠVH$s
epŠVV…Ÿ=ŸepŠV AZwgma VÌ:=Vm_|gm|,d¡=hr emñÌm{UŸ=ŸemñÌZ²H$mo godm`m§Ÿ=Ÿgodm_|,Ÿgmhmæ`§Ÿ=Ÿghm`Vm
ÔoV²Ÿ=ŸXodo,Ÿg_mJVoä`…Ÿ=ŸAmò ^ò (H¥$Ëdm=H$[aHo$) n[a^mdòV²Ÿ=ŸAdJmhZ H$ao. MŸ=ŸAé,ŸldU§Ÿ=ŸldU
{dàoä`…Ÿ=Ÿ~«m÷UZ²H$m| ñdr`-OZ¡:=n[admaOZHo$ gd©WmŸ=Ÿn`m©ßV ^br^m§{V dmŸ=Ÿhþ(ŸHw$`m©V²Ÿ=ŸH$ao)
XrZoä`…Ÿ=ŸJar~Z²H$m| gh=gS²>J) ^w{º$:=^moOZ(H$m`©=H$ao)
^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| ~hþV nmngm| {MÎmH$m| ì`mHw$b Z H$ao Egr OrdZì`dhma
^mdmW© : Vm nmN>| Ka Amò ^ŠVOZZ²H$m| à^yZ²H$mo _hmàgmX epŠV AZwgma Mbm`do_| Cn`moJr A{Zdm`© Egr n[admaOZ gå~pÝY ~mVMrV H$ao. naÝVw Vm_|
Xo`. Eg| hr Amò ^ò ~«m÷UZ²H$m| Aé Jar~Z²H$m| hþ `Wm`mo½` _hmàgmX-XmZ- AnZo _ZH$mo A{^{ZdoeŸ/ŸbJmd Z amIo. YZgånÝZ ^ŠVZ²H$m| godmHo$ AZdga_|
X{jUm Xodo. d¡ídXod hþ _hmàgmXgm| hr H$ao. Vm nmN>| n[admaOZHo$ g“ emñÌZ²H$mo AdJmhZ H$aZmo. YZgånÝZ Z hmo` Vmo EH$ `m_ à^yZ²H$s godm H$[aHo$
^JdÝ_hmàgmXH$mo ^moOZ H$aoŸ&&115-116Ÿ&& eof g_`_| AmOr{dH$mHo$ Cnm` H$aZo. Vm_| hþ Omo Ag_W© Egmo H$moB© AË`ÝV
Jar~ ^ŠV hmo` Aé nm[adm[aH$ à{V~ÝYdmamo hmo` VmV| `{X EH$ g_` hþ
^JdËgodm H$[a Z gHo$ Vmo, n‹T>çmo-{b»`mo hmo` Vmo, ^mJdVH$mo nmR> H$ao. `{X
VVmo dmVmª ñdH$s`mZm§ ~hþ - nmn¡ a ZmHw $ bm_² Ÿ &&
n‹T>çmo-{b»`mo Z hmo` Vmo Omo {dÛmZ² ^ŠV à^wgodm H$aVmo hmo` dmH$s n[aM`m©
`mÌmW© _ o d go d o V Zm{^do e mo @ Ì gÄMao V ² Ÿ &&117Ÿ&& H$ao Aé dmo O~ ^JdX²JwUJmZ, ^mJdVnmR> Am{X H$ao V~ dmH$mo ldU
gånÝZ-d¥ { Îm… ^ŠVmZm§ emñÌm{U n[a^mdò V ² Ÿ && H$aoŸ&&119Ÿ&&
gd© W m d¥ Ë `^mdo V w `m__mÌ§ Ôo X ² h[a_² Ÿ &&118Ÿ&&
X[aÐíM Hw $ Qw > å~mV© … {dÛmZ² ^mJdV§ nR>o V ² Ÿ && (Ÿ9. gm`§H¥$Ë`Ho$ nmN>| à^yZ²Ho$ CËWmnZH$mo àH$maŸ)
A{dÛmZñ` go d m`m§ gmhmæ`§ ldU§ M dmŸ&&119Ÿ&& gm`§ g ³ Ü `mW nw Ê S´ > m{U Y¥ Ë dm Vmå~y b Vmo _w I _² Ÿ &&
g§ e mo Ü `mMå` ew Õ mo @ gm¡ à^mo é ËWmnZ§ Mao V ² Ÿ &&120Ÿ&&
VV…=ŸVmŸnmN>|,Ÿ~hþnmn¡…Ÿ=~hþV nmngm| d¥Ë`^mdoŸ=Ÿd¥{ÎmHo$ A^md_| H$ÝX_y b ¡ … \$b¡ J © ì `¡ … gw _ më`¡ … gw O b¡ a {nŸ&&
AZmHw$bm_²Ÿ=Ÿ{MÎmH$m| ì`mHw$b- VwŸ=ŸVmo,Ÿ`m__mÌ§Ÿ=ŸEH$Ÿ`m_ gÝVmo î ` _w a OmXrZm§ g“rVo Z m{n Vmo f ò V ² Ÿ &&121Ÿ&&
Z H$ao Egr,ŸñdH$s`mZm§Ÿ=Ÿn[admaOZH$s h[a¨Ÿ=Ÿà^yZ²H$s,ŸÔoV²Ÿ=ŸgodmŸH$a Jmò X ² ^ŠVH¥ $ V¡ … nÚ¡ … öÚ¡ b ubmahñ`H¡ $ …Ÿ&&
dmVmªŸ=Ÿ~mVMrV,Ÿ(OrdZ)`mÌmW©_odŸ=Ÿ X[aÐíMŸ=ŸAË`ÝV Jar~,ŸMŸ=ŸAé VVmo ZramOò Z ² ZmW_² Am`mÝV§ d« O _ÊS>bo Ÿ &&122Ÿ&&
OrdZì`dhma Mbm`doHo$ AW© Hw$Qw>å~mV©…=nm[adm[aH$Ÿà{V~ÝYdmamo
godoV²Ÿ=ŸH$ao, AÌŸ=ŸVm_| {dÛmZ²Ÿ=Ÿn‹T>çmo-{b»`moŸhmo`ŸVmo AWŸ=ŸA~ gw_më`¡…Ÿ=Ÿ_mbm
A{^doe…Ÿ=ŸA{^{ZdoeŸ/ŸbJmd ^mJdV§Ÿ=Ÿ^mJdVH$mo Vmå~ybV…Ÿ=Ÿ~rargm| gwOb¡: A{nŸ=ŸOb hþ gm|
ZŸ=ŸZmht,ŸgÄMaoV²Ÿ=ŸH$ao nR>oV²Ÿ=ŸnmR> H$ao. _wI§Ÿ=Ÿ_wIH$m| gÝVmoî`Ÿ=ŸàgÝZ H$[aHo$
599 600
g§emoÜ`Ÿ=ŸewÕ H$[aHo$ _waOmXrZm§Ÿ=Ÿ_¥X“ Am{Xgm| Z¡dÚo Ÿ§ =Ÿ^moJ {d^mdòV²Ÿ=ŸH$ao.
AmMå`Ÿ=ŸAmM_Z H$[aHo$ g“rVoZ A{nŸ=Ÿg“rVgm| hþ ^mdmW© … g§Pm g_` hþ gm_Ï`©Ho$ AZwgma {dñVmagm| ^moJ YamdZo, AmaVr H$aZr
nwÊS´>m{UŸ=ŸD$Üd©nwÊS´> {VbH$ VmofòV²Ÿ=Ÿ[aPmdo Aé à^yZH$m| e`Z H$amdZoŸ&&123Ÿ&&
Y¥ËdmŸ=ŸYmaU H$[aHo$ öÚ¡…Ÿ=ŸöX`Ho$ ^mdgm|
gm`§g³Ü`mŸ=Ÿgm`§H$mbrZ g³Ü`m brbmahñ`H¡$…Ÿ=Ÿbrbmahñ`Ho$ (Ÿ11. gmo`dogm| nyd©Ho$ H¥$Ë`Ÿ)
(H$m`m©)Ÿ=ŸH$aZr ^ŠVH¥$V¡…Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Ûmam a{MV gm`§ g ³ Ü `m-@@hþ V ríMm{n H¥ $ Ëdm ^w Š Ëdm {Zdo { XV_² Ÿ &&
ewÕ…Ÿ=ŸewÕ ^`mo ^ŠV nÚ¡…Ÿ=ŸnÚZ²gm|, JmòV²Ÿ=ŸJmdo H$Wò X ² e¥ U w ` mX² dm{n brbm§ ^JdVmo @ Ýdh_² Ÿ &&124Ÿ&&
Agm¡Ÿ=Ÿò, à^mo…Ÿ=Ÿà^wHo$ VV…=VmŸnmN>|,Ÿd«O_ÊS>bo=d«O_§S>b_| VV… e`rV ew Õ mo @ gm¡ ^md`Z² ^JdËnX_² Ÿ &&
CËWmnZ§Ÿ=ŸCËWmnZ,ŸMaoV²Ÿ=ŸH$ao Am`mÝV§Ÿ=ŸnYmaVo ^ò gwVm{W©Zr ñdnËZr MoX² d«OoV² Vm§ OoVw{_pÝÐ`_²Ÿ&&125Ÿ&&
H$ÝX_yb¡…Ÿ=ŸH$ÝX_yb,Ÿ\$b¡…Ÿ=Ÿ\$b ZmW§Ÿ=Ÿà^yZ²H$s BËò d § `ñ` {Xdgm `mpÝV ^ŠVñ` ^y V bo Ÿ &&
Jì`¡…Ÿ=ŸXyY-Xhr Am{X ZramOòV²Ÿ=ŸAmaVr H$ao. gEd H¥ $ VH¥ $ Ë`mo @ pñV h[añV_Zw p íbî`{VŸ&&126Ÿ&&
^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| AmM_Z H$[aHo$, ~rargm| _wIH$m| ewÕ H$[aHo$, D$Üd©nwÊS´> gm`§g³Ü`mhþVr…=Ÿgm§PH$sŸg³Ü`m gwVm{W©ZrŸ=ŸnwÌH$s H$m_Zmdmar
{VbH$ YmaU H$[aHo$ gm`§H$mbrZ g³Ü`m H$aZr. Eg| ewÕ ^`mo ^ŠV à^wHo$ AéŸhmo_, Mm{nŸ=Ÿhþ MoV²Ÿ=Ÿ`{XŸhmo`
CËWmnZ g_`H$s godm H$ao. CËWmnZ ^moJ_| H$ÝX_yb, \$b, XyY-Xhr Am{X H¥$ËdmŸ=ŸH$[aHo$ BpÝÐ`§Ÿ=ŸBpÝÐ`Hy§$
g_n}. _mbm Yamdo. ZdrZ Obgm| Pmar âo. _¥X“ Am{X dmÚ-g“rVgm| à^yZ²H$m| {Zdo{XV§Ÿ=Ÿ{Zdo{XV OoVw§Ÿ=Ÿg§`__| am{IdoHy§$
àgÝZ H$ao. öX`Ho$ ^mdgm| ^ŠVZ²Ho$ Ûmam a{MV brbahñ`Ho$ nÚZ²gm|
^wŠËdmŸ=Ÿ^moOZ H$[aHo$ Vm§Ÿ=ŸdmHo$Ÿ{ZH$Q>,Ÿd«OoV²Ÿ=ŸOm`
^JdëbrbmH$mo JmZ H$ao. Vm nmN>| d«O_ÊS>b_| nYmaVo ^ò à^yZ²H$s AmaVr
H$aoŸ&&122Ÿ&& AÝdh§Ÿ=Ÿ{XZHo$ nm{N>bo g_`_| BËòd§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magm|
^JdV…Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²H$s ^yVboŸ=Ÿ^yVbn|, `ñ`Ÿ=ŸOm
(Ÿ10. e`Z^moJ, e`ZmaVr Am{X H¥$Ë`Ÿ) brbm§Ÿ=ŸbrbmH$m| ^ŠVñ`Ÿ=Ÿ^ŠVH$mo
gm`§ H $mbo @ {n Z¡ d o Ú § `Wm-{d^d-{dñVa…Ÿ&& H$WòX²Ÿ=ŸH$ho, dmŸ=ŸAWdm {Xdgm…Ÿ=Ÿ{Xdg
ZramOZ§ M e`Z§ `Wm`mo ½ `§ {d^mdò V ² Ÿ &&123Ÿ&& e¥Uw`mX² A{nŸ=ŸgwZo hþ `mpÝVŸ=Ÿì`VrV hmoV ho
VV…Ÿ=ŸVmV|,ŸewÕ…Ÿ=ŸewÕ gEdŸ=Ÿdmohr
gm`§H$mboŸ=Ÿg§OmH$mb_|,ŸA{nŸ=Ÿhþ ZramOZ§Ÿ=ŸAmaVr Agm¡Ÿ=Ÿò H¥$VH¥$Ë`…Ÿ=ŸH¥$VH¥$Ë`
`Wm-{d^d-{dñVa…Ÿ=Ÿgm_Ï`m©Zwgma- e`Z§Ÿ=Ÿe`Z,ŸMŸ=ŸAé ^JdËnX§Ÿ=Ÿ^JdmZ²Ho$ MaUH$mo ApñVŸ=Ÿho
`Wm`mo½` {dñVmagm| `Wm`mo½`§Ÿ=ŸOog| ~{Z Amdo Vog| ^md`Z²Ÿ=Ÿ^mdZ H$aV-H$aV h[a…Ÿ=Ÿh[a,ŸV_²Ÿ=ŸdmH$m|
e`rVŸ=Ÿe`ZŸH$ao,ŸñdnËZrŸ=ŸnËZr AZwpíbî`{VŸ=ŸàmßV hmoV h|.
601 602
Ÿ&& MVwííbmoH$s Ÿ&&
^mdmW© … Vm nmN>| g§Pm g_`Ho$ g³Ü`m-hmo_ H$[aHo$ à^yZ²H$m| {Zdo{XV H$ao (26)
_hmàgmXH$mo ^moOZ H$[aHo$ {XZHo$ nm{N>bo g_`_| à^yZ²H$s brbmZ²H$mo ldU-
(Ÿnw{ï>_mJu` OrdZ²H$o Eo{hH$ nmabm¡{H$H$ gd©{dY {hVZ²H$mo H$[adodmao d«Om{Yn
H$sV©Z H$ao. `m àH$ma {XZâ ^JdXoH$VmZ aôçmo ewÕ ^ŠV ^JdmZ²Ho$ MaUZ²H$mo
hr ÔZr` h|Ÿ)
^mdZ H$aV-H$aV e`Z H$ao. nËZr `{X nwÌH$s H$m_Zmdmar hmo` Vmo AnZr
BpÝÐ`| Ag§`V Z hmo` Om§` Egr ^mdZmgy§ dmHo$ {ZH$Q> Om`. `m àH$magm| ^yVbn| gXm gdm© Ë _^mdo Z ÔZr`mo d« O o í da:Ÿ&&
Om ^ŠVH$mo {Xdg ì`VrV hmoV ho dmo {ZíM` hr H¥$VH¥$Ë` ho, h[a dmH$m| àmßV H$[aî`{V gEdmñ_X² Eo { hH§ $ nmabm¡ { H$H$_² Ÿ &&1Ÿ&&
hmod| h|Ÿ&&126Ÿ&&
(ŸJ«ÝWH$mo Cng§hmaŸ) gXmŸ=ŸgXm Añ_X²Ÿ=ŸAnZmo
BËò d § ^pŠVemñÌo f w `XmMmamo {Zê${nV…Ÿ&& gdm©Ë_^mdoZŸ=Ÿgdm©Ë_^mdHo$ gmW Eo{hH§$Ÿ=Ÿ`m bmoH$Ho$ gå~ÝYr
VXmMma§ Ôo X Ì ZmÝ`Wm J{V[aî`Vo Ÿ &&127Ÿ&& d«Ooída:Ÿ=Ÿd«OHo$ AYre (M)Ÿ=ŸAé
ÔZr`moŸ=ŸÔZ H$[ado bm`H$ h|. nmabm¡{H$H$_²Ÿ=ŸnabmoH$gå~ÝYr
B{V lr_ØJdÛXZmdVma-lrdëb^Xr{jVVZwO-lrJmonrZmW-Xr{jV-{da{MVm gŸ=Ÿdo, EdŸ=Ÿhr ({hV§)Ÿ=Ÿ^bmo, H$[aî`{VŸ=ŸH$a|Jo
gmYZXr{nH$m g_mßVm
^mdmW© : gdm©Ë_^mdgm| gXm d«OHo$ AYre lrH¥$îUH$s godm H$aZr M{hò. do
BËòd§Ÿ=Ÿ`m àH$magm| VX² AmMma§Ÿ=Ÿdm AmMmaH$mo hr ñdr` ^ŠVZ²H$mo `m bmoH$Ho$ gå~ÝYr Aé nabmoH$gå~ÝYr ^bmo H$a|Jo.
^pŠVemñÌofwŸ=Ÿ^pŠVemñÌ_| ÔoX²Ÿ=ŸAZwgaU H$aoV|
`X² AmMmamoŸ=ŸOmo AmMa AÝ`WmŸ=ŸAÝ`Wm (Ÿnw{ï>_mJu`H$m| H$~hþ AÝ`ml` Z H$aZm| Aé ñd_mJuÒZZ²_| AZmË_^md
AÌŸ=Ÿ`hm§ J{V…Ÿ=ŸJ{V hþ Z amIZmoŸ)
{Zê${nV…Ÿ=Ÿ{Zê${nV ^`mo ho ZŸ=ŸZmht,ŸBî`VoŸ=ŸBï> ho. AÝ`ml`mo Z H$V© ì `… gd© W m ~mYH$ñVw g…Ÿ&&
ñdH$sò î dmË_^mdíM H$V© ì `… gd© W m gXmŸ&&2Ÿ&&
^mdmW© … `m àH$magm| `m ^pŠVemñÌ_| Omo AmMma {Zê${nV ^`mo ho dm
AmMmaH$mo AZwgaU H$aZmo. `mgm| AÝ` àH$magm| AmMaU ^ŠVZ²H$m| Bï> {g{ÕàX AÝ`ml`moŸ=ŸAÝ`XodZ²H$mo Aml` gd©WmŸ=Ÿg^r Vahgm|
Zmht ho. ZŸ=ŸZmqh, H$V©ì`…Ÿ=ŸH$aZmo ~mYH$…Ÿ=Ÿnw{ï>^pŠV_| ~mYm
g… VwŸ=Ÿdmo AÝ`ml` Vmo H$[adodmamo(^d{V)Ÿ=ŸhmoV ho.
B{V lr_X²^JdX²-dXZmdVma-lrdëb^Xr{jV-VZwO-lrJmonrZmW- MŸ=ŸAé gXmŸ=Ÿgd©Xm
Xr{jV-{da{MV ñdH$sòfwŸ=Ÿñd_mJu` OZZ²_| AmË_^md…Ÿ=ŸAmË_r`VmH$mo ^md
gmYZXr{nH$mH$mo d«O^mfm ^mdmZwdmX g_mßV ^`mo gd©WmŸ=Ÿg^r Vahgm| H$V©ì`…Ÿ=Ÿ{Z^mdZmo.
603 604
^mdmW© : AÝ`XodZ²H$mo Aml` H$~hþ Zmqh H$aZmo. Š`m|Ÿ? Omo AÝ`ml` nw{ï>^pŠV_| ^mdmW© : {ZaÝVa à`ËZ nyd©H$ ^JdmZ²_| hr AnZmo _Z bJmdZm|. `{X Eg| aømo
g^r Vahgm| ~mYm H$[adodmamo hmoV ho. nw{ï>^pŠV_mJuZ²H$m| ñd_mJu` OZZ²_| g^r Om` Vmo ò H${bH$mb H${R>Z hmo`donohþ lrH¥$îUHo$ ^ŠVZ²H$mo ~mYm Zmht H$[a
Vahgm| gd©Xm AmË_r`VmH$mo ^md {Z^mdZmoŸ&&2Ÿ&& gHo$Jmo.
gXm gdm© Ë _Zm go ì `… H¥ $ îU… H$mbm{XXmo f Zw V ² Ÿ && B{V lr_X²{dÆ>boída{da{MVm MVw…íbmoH$sH$mo

VX² ^ ŠVo f w M {ZXm} f ^mdo Z ñWo ` _mXamV² Ÿ &&3Ÿ&& d«O^mfm ^mdmZwdmX g_mßV
gXmŸ=Ÿgd©Xm goì`…Ÿ=ŸgodZr`, MŸ=ŸAé

gdm©Ë_ZmŸ=Ÿg^r àH$magm| VX²^ŠVofwŸ=Ÿ{VZHo$ ^ŠVZ²_|
H$mbm{XXmofZwV²Ÿ=ŸH$mb-H$_©- {ZXm}f^mdoZŸ=ŸXmof^md bmò {~Z
ñd^mdHo$ XmofZ²Hy$ h[adodmao AmXamV²Ÿ=ŸAmXa^md am{IHo$
H¥$îU…Ÿ=Ÿd«Om{Yn lrH¥$îU ñWo`_²Ÿ=ŸahoZmo.
^mdmW© : Ÿgd©Xm g^r àH$magm| H$mb-H$_©-ñd^mdHo$ XmofZ²Hy$ h[adodmao d«Om{Yn

lrH¥$îU godZr` h|. Aé nw{ï>^ŠVZ²H$m| lrH¥$îUHo$ {VZHo$ ^ŠVZ²_| Xmof^md bmò
{~Zm AmXa^md am{IHo$ ahoZmo.
^JdËò d gVV§ ñWmnZr`§ _Z… ñd`_² Ÿ &&

H$mbmo @ `§ H${R> Z mo @ {n lr-H¥ $ îU^ŠVmZ² Z ~mYVo Ÿ &&4Ÿ&&
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