1 consist
At a meeting, %of the members
4 Wednesday
You begin working at a new job on
and will work five days a 5 only
Make a circle inside a square using
week, Monday through Friday. You are
paid one cent on the first day, two cents
on the second day, and four cents on the
third day. Each day your pay continues to
double. On what day of the week will you
earn a daily wage of one million dollars?
8 The area of 6 ABC is 12 square
units. 6 DEF is inscribed in
6 ABC so that D, E, and F are each
midpoints of the side on which they lie.
6 GHJ is similarly constructed with G,
H, and J as midpoints of DE, EF, and FD.
If the construction is repeated two more
times, what is the area of the triangle
constructed last?
12 f(j(x))
Find a functionj(x) such that
x but f(x) =I= x.
=
of management personnel
and the rest of trainees. If the ratio of
male trainees to female trainees is 3: 4,
approximately what percentage of all the
members at the meeting is female
trainees?
the figure shown and scissors.
6 integral
Find five rectangles that have
9 A weight lifter can lift 260 kg not
including the bar. With an unlimited
number of weights in four sizes - 5 kg,
10 kg, 25 kg, and 40 kg - how many
different ways can the weights be placed
on the bar if it will hold up to seven
weights on each side, assuming that the
individual weights on both sides are
identical?
13 circle
Let be an angle inscribed in a
<p
whose sides pass through 14 If(kzk+is kan+integer, show that
the endpoints of a chord of length c.
Then cjd (where dis the length of a
diameter) is what trigonometric function
of <p?
2 Ifapproximately 2.236, then determine 3
the square root of 5 is In the cells shown, place a ten-digit
number such that the digit in the
the square root of 80 with the same first cell indicates the total number of O's
precision using mental computation. in the entire number, the digit in cell 1
indicates the number of 1's in the
number, and so on, to the last cell.
0123456789
I I I I I I I I I I I
dimensions of 1, 2, 3, 4, ... ,
7 When does 101 = 5 and 111 = 7?
10 (using each integer only once) and
that can be put together without.
overlapping to form a square.
1 0 diameter
Determine the length of the
of this circle. Points 0,
11 Ifravine
two dogs can jump acr~ss
a
six feet wide, then how
~and D are collinear; AD II BC; wide a ravine can four dogs jump across?
AC _l OD; OB _l OD.
GJ 2
15 Given
D
~ADB,
2
1) can be written as
6ABC-
4, and AD - 9. FmdAB.
AC =
the sum of three squares.
A~D
i- - "' • A J4-cm p1zza wrtifiwerythTng
costs $15.75 at restaurant A, and a
16-cm pizza with everything costs $19.35
at restaurant B. Which is the better
deal?
20 Fbr the set (30, 80, 50, 40, x },
the mean, mode, and median
are all equal. Find x.
24 Suppose that a, b, and care
positive integers such that
aj3 = b/4 = c/5 and abc = 1620.
Find b.
28 It is given that the five-digit
number 2xy89 is the square of
an integer (in base ten). Find the two-
digit number ~y.
- ·7 _. Owen a -circle-with radius 4
1 18"""'9YdneY"·
inscribed in a square. Find the
area of the shaded region.
Upon solving the system of
217 equations x 5y 17 = r and
x 2y = s for x andy, the answers turn
out to be of the form x = r 4 j sbandy =
sc; rd, where a, b, c, and d are positive
integers. Calculate the sum a+ b + c +
25 If logA 27 = 0.75, what is A'(
29 A certain number has exactly
eight factors, of which 35 and 77
are two. Find the value of the number.
'ftarrrs Y.e porrea -iii ,._
newspaper filler that there are
more microseconds in a minute than
minutes in a century. True or false?
22 Does the parabola 3y =
x 2 - 17 pass through any lattice
points?
26 Find the smallest positive
integer n such that the product
of n and 999 does not contain the digit 9.
An integer n in base eight is
30 3175. What is the integer
immediately following n written in base
830?
19 Glv.fff'iiectu.ng\e ABC D w\t.b
length twice the width; midpoints
E, F, G, and H; and perimeter equal to 48
units. Find the area of EFGH.
:R:2:
D G C
23 Find all two-digit numbers that
multiply their reversals to give
a perfect square.
27 Write the following four
numbers in ascending order:
3 '
(0.3) 2, 92, 27 3 / 92 , v'2 / 0.166
31 If120l for+2+3+4+···+m
positive m, what ism?
=
 ANSWERS TO CALENDAR
is constant. Thus, the area of the
This month's problems 1-10 were provided by the spring semester fourth new triangle is 1/256 of the
1988 problem-solving class of Michael C. Hynes, University of Cen- area of !::. ABC, or (1/256) x 12.
tral Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-Cynthia Hildebrand, Mutfet Fox,
William Glover, Nancy Goodwin, Mary Frances Hout, Sister Maria
Scortino, Kathleen Snyder, Paula Sperrazza, Donna Ray, J ames
Straehla, Holly Willis, and Fay Grady. Problems 11- 14 were pro-
® 36 ways. Combinations of
weights for 130 kg are
shown. 130 kg would be placed on
vided by Larry Hoehn, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, each end of the bar to make 260
TN 37044. Problems 15-17 and 19 were provided by Richard A. Lit- kg.
tle's fall term 1987 class in Math 610, Geometry for Teachers, at 40 25 10 5
Ohio State University-Lydia Appel, Andy Banas, Debbie Capra,
Don Chandler, Amy Edwards, Dorian Edwards, Jeri Earnest, Jackie 3 1
Hutchings, Ken Seidel, Jeff Smith, and Laura Wenig. Problems 18,
20, 22, and 23 were provided by Charles D. Gallant, Saint Francis 3 2
Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 1CO. Problems 21, 24, 26, 2 2
and 28 were provided by George Berzsenyi, Rose-Hulman Institute of 2 1 2 1
Technology, Terre Haute, IN 47803. Problems 25, 27, and 29-31 2 1 1 3
were provided by Janet Ramser and her students from Northeast
High School, Clarksville, TN 37040. 2 1 5
2 5
2 4 2
r:t\ 14 percent. Since 1/4 of the An alternative solution: The pay 2 3 4
\.V members are trainees, a ra- on the first day is 2°; on the sec-
2 2 6
tio of 3: 4 means that 317 of this ond day, 2 1 ; and so on. The ques-
114, or (317)(114), or 3/28 of the en- tion is on which day the pay, 2x- l, 2 1 8
tire members of the meeting con- will be more than 108 cents. This 2 10
sisted of male trainees and 4/7 of amount can be computed in a table 1 3 2 1
this 1/4, or (4/7)(1/4), or 117 of the of the powers of 2, on a calculator,
members, consisted of female or by logarithms; and we find that 1 3 1 3
trainees. 117 = 0.14 or approxi- x > (26.515 425) + 1 on the 1 3 5
mately 14 percent. twenty-eighth day. 1 2 4

® 8.944
80 = v'16X5 = v'i6 X VS
® Cut the square into pieces
along the dotted line and
put together in the order shown.
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
4
6
= 4 VS = 4 X 2.236
1 2 8
1 1 6 1
® 0123456789
16 l 2 l 1 l o l o l o l 1 l o l o l ol
1 1 5 3

0 Friday, the 28th day

1
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
2
5
7
9
Day Pay

1 $ 0.01 ® 1
1
1 1
9
11

2 0.02 10 3 1 8 2
3 0.04 1 7 4
4 0.08 1 6 6
5 0.16 6 8 1 5 8
6 0.32 1 4 10
7 0.64 1 3 12
8 1.28 1 2 14
9 2.56 7 1 1 16
10 5.12 5 1 18
11 10.24
f.tr\\ 24. The given data indicate
9 4 ~ that AOBC is a rectangle.
28
MTWTF
1 342 177.28
0 In base two. The number
101 in base two is 1(4) +
Since diagonals of a rectangle
have the same measure, OC is 12
units. OC is also a radius of circle
0(2) + 1{1) = 5 in base ten. The 0. Therefore, the diameter of the
X X X
number 111 in base two is 1(4) + cirr.le is 24 units.
X X X X X
1(2) + 1(1) = 7 in base ten.
X X X X X
f.t-1\ This is what is .known as a
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

•
® 3/64 square units. The
area of C:. DEF is 1/4 of the
area of !::. ABC. This ratio of areas
\!...!) nonsense quest1on.
(Continued on page 373)

376 ______________________________________
Mathematics Teacher
 ANSWERS TO CALE NDAR -Continued fr()m pafJC .176
~ Ll•t f'{.rl 11.1'. or mort.! g'l'n-
\!.51 t>rally./\.rl = o f I '(x
(1\,
11 here a i,; a con,;tanl and o ' x.
Are otlwr $Oiut ions po~::1ible?
~ Draw a diameter to one end-
~ point of c and join the other
E'nd~ of c and d to obtain a right
trtangle. Let ~h be the •mgle in this
tnangle oppot'ite side c. Then 11
and ~hare supplcmentarv. There-
fore sin II = sin J, = c d.-
Hcot·e. it must be 40 or 50 . Check
both cases.
unt: can du is ~o~r:t t: ~ - CrmM.:·
quenUy, the tlt:slrt:d v;;lur: ,,f n IS
@ 31. To climinall.! x, raise
112, and inde1:d, !J!J!J · 112
Ill 888 is free nl' !Js.
. both sides of the first equa-
tiOn to the second and or the sec-
ond equation to the fifth power
r,::;::n IQ.3J"' •. 27 4 ':!/9~, V <!iiJ. lfifi,
'E.!) g-Irl, smce thetr t:qutvalimt
and divide the latter by the for- values are 1/9, l, 2v'3, and 27.
mel·. This process yields y = :/'lr"-
This was problem 6 on the 25 Nc,.
which, upon s ubstitution. into the' vember 1986 National Mathemat-
second equation. gives x'/. =
ics Invitationa l Contl.!st.
~' 1S 34 • or x = r 7 1s 11 • Conse-
14

quently, o + b t c + d - 7 + 17 +
5 + 2 = 31.
~ No. x 2 - 3y i 17 = 3y +
'E9 15 + 2 = 3(y + 5) + 2, and
~ 78. Let z~ = 2xy89. 'I'hen z
'E!3J must be a three-digit num-
ber' with firs t digit 1 and last digit
3 or 7. Moreover, sinct: 139 2
140 2 =- 19 600 _... 2xy89 "'
"'

no perfect. squares have this form .
@ 11, 22, ... , 99 only
~ Let a = 3k, b = 4k, and c =
'EY 5k. Then abc = 60k3 =
1620 = (60)(27); hence k = 3 and
b = (4)(3) = 12.
@ at
logA 27 = 0.75
@ tN 2 Tk + ! \ 2
A 314 = 27
=k 4 ~2k 3 -3k 2 ~2k+1 ( A 3/4)4/3 = 27413
=tk 4 "T" 2k 3 +k 2l+tk 2 + 2k+ 1\+k 2 A = 3 4 = 81
=k 2tk•U 2 +tk + 1l 2 +k 2
~ 112. Write 999n as
li'?\ AB ~2 6. 4 AB = AB/9, or ~ (1 000 - 1)n = 1 OOOn - n
~ \ABl = 36. and consider the resulting subtrac-
tion problem. First note that if n is
~ The 16-cm pizza costs less a one- or two-digit number, say, ab
~ per square unit. It is a bet- (allowing a but not both a and b to
ter deal assuming that the two piz- be 0), then in the subtraction prob-
zas are of the same thickness and lem
that the toppings are equivalent abOOO
1- 80.096 29/cm 2 versus =--..gQ
-80.102 37 cm 2 l.
at least one 9 will result. Conse-
@ (64 - 16r.)/4, or 16 - 4r. quently, n must consist of at least
t hree digits; denote it by abc and
consider the corresponding sub-
f.l6\ True. 60 x 10 6 is greater traction problem:
~ than 100<365)(24)60, which abcOOO
equals 52.56 x 10 6 . abc
~«\\ The area of EFGH equals 64 To mimimize n, one should aim for
\J.!!J square units. a = 1; similarly, b = 1 is the best
possible value, since b = 0 would
~ x = 50. Since the mode automatically introduce a 9; fi.
'f:::!J exists, x =
30 or 40 or 50 or nally, as a carry-over from the
80. Since the median is the middle ones column must occur, the best
32 400 = 180 2 , one mu&t have
143 .s z :o:: 177 . In search of the
tens digit of z, obser ve that
<lOt + 3J 2 = 100t 2 + 60t + 9 im-
plies that t = 3 or 8 in order to
have 8 as the tens digit of z 2 ;
clearly not the case. Similarly,
from ClOt+ 7J2 = 100t 2 ~ 140t-
49 it follows that t = 1 or 6. Since
only the latter value falls within
the bounds for z, it follows that
z = 167; and indeed, 167 2 =
27 889, and hence xy is 78.
~ 385. If 35 Ii.e., 5 / 7 1 and
'E5!J 77 (i.e., 7 x 11 ) are two fac-
tors, others must be 1, 5, 7, 11,
and 55, leaving only one more of
the eight, which must be the num-
ber 1·5·7·11. This problem is a
modification of problem 4 on the
24 March 1987 National Mathe-
matics Invitational Contest.
~ 22s3o· 31768 = 1662Io =
~ 22s3o . This problem is a
modification of problem 1 on the
25 November 1986 National Math-
ematics Invitational Contest.
Q 15. This value is the sum
~ of an arithmetic series
whose formula isS = (n 2Ha - l l.
120 =!f (1 + m l
240 = m + m2
0= m 2 + m - 240
0= (m + 16\l m - 15)
m= 15

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