Unit 2 : Humans and the environment

2A. Pronunciation
2B. Vocabulary
I. Complete the sentences with the verbs given in the correct form.
clean up set up recycle raise encourage adopt organise reduce
1. Doctors try to _________ awareness of the importance of adopting a green lifestyle.
2. We need to _________ the amount of waste you throw out every day.
3. We can prevent some diseases by _________ a healthier lifestyle.
4. Our club is going to have plans to _________ the beaches.
5. We _________ all our cans and bottles.
6. They will _________ a workshop about the benefits of green living.
7. There is a lot of work involved in _________ the campaign to recycle our waste.
8. That fine is not enough to _________ people to stop littering in the streets.
II. Complete the sentences with the words given.
footprint energy appliances clean-up issues eco-friendly
lifestyle awareness activities litter aim event
1. Environmental _________ has increased dramatically over the past decades.
2. The _________ of the mud slide will take several days.
3. You should answer the questions to calculate your business’s environmental _________ .
4. The charity held a planned _________ of a sponsored five-kilometre walk to raise fund for the homeless.
5. There will be an international meeting to discuss environmental _________ .
6. Regular exercise is a part of a healthy _________ .
7. The _________ of the project is to encourage people to cut down on waste.
8. The children were encouraged to take part in different _________ .
9. We should use _________ products that are designed to do the least damage to the environment.
10. People who drop _________ can be fined in some cities.
11. His new job is to make sure lights and electrical _________ are switched off when they are not used.
12. Batteries store _________ from the solar panels.
III. Complete the sentences with the words given below.
poison pollutes destroy waste burn save reuse recycle
1. Using cars _________ the atmosphere.
2. It’s wrong to _________ trees. We need them.
3. People must _________ the tigers in India.
4. We sometimes _________ plastic cartons. We put small plants in them.
5. It’s important to _________ more paper and glass.
6. Some families buy a lot of food and don’t eat them. They _________ it.
7. Rubbish in the river can _________ the fish.
8. It’s bad for the environment to _________ plastic bags.
IV. Complete the sentences with the words given below.
biodegradable disposable pollute toxic recycle reusable
1. If you put dangerous chemicals into the air or water, you _________ it.
2. When you use something again, you _________ it.
3. If something is _________ , you can throw it away.
4. If you can use something like a bag or a plate again, we call it _________ .
5. If something is _________ , it is bad for the environment.
6. When something breaks down naturally and returns to the environment, we say that it is _________.
V. Complete the text with the verbs given below.
burn reuse bury destroy throw away waste recycle poison
What can you do to save the planet?
Don’t 1 _________ your old clothes and put them in the bin. You can 2 _________ them. Take them to the
special recycling centre in your neighbourhood.
Also, you can write to your local council. Ask them not to 3 ______ rubbish because the smoke 4 ______ the
atmosphere.
It isn’t a good idea to 5 _________ plastic bags in the ground either. When you get a plastic bag, don’t forget to
6
_________ it several times.
When you go camping, don’t leave any fires - you’ll 7 _________ the forest.
Make sure that you eat all the food in your fridge - don’t throw it in the bin and 8 _________ it!
VI. Complete the text with the words given below.
How eco-friendly is your town?
disposable eco-friendly green pollute toxic recycle
In our town, I don’t think we are very 1 _________ - we don’t think about the energy we use or the things we
throw away. It’s bad to use a lot of 2 _________ plastic bags and create rubbish that isn’t biodegradable. I think people
in my town need to 3 ________ more paper and plastic and use more 4 _________ energy, too. People often 5 _________
the air and rivers with 6 _________ waste. This is very unhealthy for people and animals. We need air and water that is
clean and safe for everyone.

2C. Grammar
• WILL – BE GOING TO
I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of will or be going to and the verbs in brackets.
1. Are you tired? I _________ (take) you home.
2. I _________ (watch) a DVD tonight. Do you want to come round?
3. What _________ you _________ (wear) for your first day at work?
4. We haven’t got any sugar. I _________ (get) some in town later.
5. Look at the time! We _________ (be) late.
6. Oh, no! That cyclist _________ (hit) the black dog.
7. I _________ (see) you later.
8. _________ you _________ .(ask) him round for a drink?
II. Complete the short exchanges, using the correct form of will or be going to.
1. A It’s looking very dark outside.
B Yes, it _________ rain.
2. A It’s a bit cold in this room.
B OK. I _________ close the window.
3. A Can you come out this evening?
B I _________ know until I ask my parents.
4. A Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?
B No. I _________ stay in bed all morning.
5. A The white shirt is €15, and the blue shirt is €20.
B I _________ have the blue one, please.
6. A Have you got any plans for the summer?
B No. We _________ do anything this year.
III. Complete the short exchanges with the correct form of will or be going to with the verbs in brackets.
1. ‘We _________ (pick) you up at 6.30 p.m.’ - ‘Thank you. That _________ (be) great.’
2. ‘Help me! I _________ (fall)!’ - ‘Don’t worry. I _________ (catch) you.’
3. ‘ _________ you _________ (see) Phong after school?’ - ‘No, not today. He _________ (do) some work on his
computer.’
4. ‘What _________ you _________ (do) on holiday?’ - ‘We _________ (decide) when we get there.’
5. ‘Be careful. The toast _________ (burn)!’ - ‘I _________ (switch off) the toaster.’
IV. Complete the dialogue. Use will or be going to and the verbs in brackets.
Nick 1 _________ (you / come) to the cinema with me and Rob tomorrow?
Mai No, I’m not. I2 _________ (spend) the evening with my sister.
Nick Really? Well, why don’t you both come to the cinema? I 3 _________ (get) two extra tickets.
Mai We’ve got other plans. We 4 _________ (have) dinner in a pizza restaurant.
Nick What time 5 _________ you _________ (go) out?
Mai About 8.00. Why?
Nick Maybe we can meet later. I6 _________ (phone) you after the film.
Mai OK.

• PASSIVE VOICE
VI. Complete the sentences with the present simple passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Spanish _________ (speak) in Mexico.
2. Rice _________ (grow) in Viet Nam.
3. Safety helmets _________ (wear) by motorists.
4. Coffee _________ (drink) in most countries in the world.
5. English _________ (teach) as a foreign language in schools all over Viet Nam.
6. Turkey _________ (eat) at Christmas and Thanksgiving.

VII. Complete the sentences with the present simple passive form of the verbs below.
eat grow make sell send speak visit
1. Tea _________ in India.
2. Every year Paris _________ by 24 million visitors.
3. Newspapers and magazines _________ in a newsagent’s.
4. English _________ in Australia and New Zealand.
5. The best chocolate _________ in Belgium and Switzerland.
6. Every year, 38 billion burgers _________ in the USA.
7. In the UK, a lot of money _________ to charity.
VIII. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1. They use recycled paper in newspapers.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. They don’t drink alcohol in Muslim countries.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. They recycle a lot of paper and cardboard in Britain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. They don’t sell phone cards in this shop.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. They don’t make Camembert cheese in Germany.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. They don’t grow oranges in Hungary.
__________________________________________________________________________________
IX. Write the words in the correct order to make passive sentences.
1. This / printed / book / China / in / is
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. made / Laws / by / Congress / are / the
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. is / made / Cheese / milk / from
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. played / in / Rugby / Australia / is
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. all / world / the / Shakespeare’s / performed / are / plays / over
__________________________________________________________________________________
X. Complete the sentences with the past simple passive of the verbs in brackets.
1. This DVD player _________ (make) in Japan.
2. The Lord of the Rings _________ (write) by J.R.R Tolkien.
3. Pluto - a dwarf planet - _________ (discover) in 1930.
4. Jeans _________ (invent) in the USA.
5. John Lennon _________ (murder) in New York in 1980.
6. Shakespeare’s plays _________ (perform) for the first time about 400 years ago.
XI. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs below.
invite not send direct publish sell ask give
1. The results _________ to the students’ homes yet.
2. The actors _________ to read the lines before the filming started.
3. We _________ to her birthday party. I hope we can go.
4. Thousands of copies of this magazine _________ in shops every month.
5. The winning film at the festival last year _________ by Chloé Zhao.
6. The book _________ by Oxford University Press in 2018.
7. They _________ the wrong time for the meeting so they arrived late.
XII. Write sentences in the past simple passive.
1. this book / write / in 1962
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. this car / make / in Japan
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. that film / direct / by a famous Vietnamese director
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. the pyramids / build / more than 4,000 years ago
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. the crime / commit / at five o’clock this morning
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. the photo / take / by my sister
__________________________________________________________________________________
XIII. Choose the correct tense in these passive sentences.
1. The book was / has been published 5 years ago.
2. Since then, it was / has been read by millions of people.
3. Last year, it was / has been translated into Vietnamese.
4. A lot of newspaper articles were / have been written about the book since its publication.
5. It was just / has just been made into a film.
XIV. Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Use by if necessary to say who has done the action.
1. Someone has stolen my camera.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Someone has burgled their house.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. They’ve murdered three people.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Someone has vandalised the bus stop.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Shoplifters have taken the new DVDs.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. The police have interviewed three suspects.
__________________________________________________________________________________
XV. Complete the questions with the correct passive form (present simple, past simple or present perfect) of the
verbs in brackets.
1. Which two languages _________ (speak) today in Wales?
2. Which actors _________ (choose) to play James Bond in the Bond films?
3. When _________ the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum _________ (complete)?
4. What item of clothing _________ (ban) from some shopping centres and schools in England?
5. Where _________ the Oxford and Cambridge boat race _________ (hold) every year?
6. Who _________ (attack) by a shark in Quy Nhon in 2003?
7. Name one film that _________ (direct) by Milos Forman.
8. What kind of food _________ (sell) at a butcher’s shop?
XVI. Rewrite the active sentences in the passive.
1. People are going to build many onshore wind farms in the Mekong Delta.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Scientists are designing a new project to help reduce greenhouse gases.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. People will choose locations with plenty of wind to build wind farms in our region.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. The government has actively supported the projects to develop renewable energy.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. People use more renewable energy to protect the environment.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. We have collected waste for recycling in our school for more than ten years.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. That solar power plant isn’t supplying our community with enough energy.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The campaign raised people’s awareness of protecting the environment.
__________________________________________________________________________________

2D. Reading
I. Read the text, and do the following tasks.
Being Active - It isn’t only about staying fit!
Most young people know that exercise can have a lot of health benefits. For example, it can help you to lose
weight or strengthen your muscles. However, not everybody knows that exercise can have social benefits, too. Different
kinds of exercise from running to basketball can give you these benefits - but what are they?
A number of studies show that exercise and sports can help young people to improve their self-esteem - this is
how positive you feel about yourself. Learning and taking part in a sport or activity
can help you to feel more in control of things that you do, which is an important part
of self-esteem.
Regular exercise can also help you to feel more relaxed, and this can help
you to go to sleep more quickly at night.
Exercise helps you to fall asleep faster, and it also increases the amount of
time that you stay asleep. Having a good night’s sleep is important - it can make you
feel in a better mood.
Exercise and sports can also help you to learn something important in life - how to make and keep new friends.
When people make friends through sports, the friendship can last a long time. Of course, being in a team is good for
making new friends, but you can ask other people with the same hobby to do the activity together.
So next time you do something active, remember - it’s not just about getting in shape - there are a lot of other
benefits, too, from having a good night’s sleep to making new friends.
Task 1. Choose the best short summary of the text.
The text is about...
a. the health benefits for younger people of doing a team sport
b. the social benefits for teenagers of regular exercise and changes in diet
c. the different social benefits for young people of being active and taking part in sports
Task 2. Read the text again. Tick the benefits that are mentioned in the text.
Exercise can help you to ...
a. improve how you feel about yourself 
 b. fall asleep faster and sleep longer 
c. sleep well and wake up earlier 
d. avoid having problems with your friends 
e. learn to make new friendships 
Task 3. Summarizing a text
A. meet and keep friends
B. exercise isn’t about fitness - it’s about social benefits, too
C. it can help young people to have better self-esteem
D. the social benefits of being active for young people
E. with sleep, and this can improve your mood
Paragraph 1 The text is about________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 It explains that one benefit of exercise is that_________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3 It explains that exercise can help___________________________________________________
Paragraph 4 It says that one benefit of exercise is that you can learn to_______________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 5 Finally, it concludes by saying that_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

2E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: Why do we get rid of much fast food? B: a/ Because it’s expensive.
b/ Because fast food causes bad effects.
2. A: I didn’t sleep well last night. B: a/ You got up late yesterday.
b/ Don’t drink coffee before bedtime.
3. A: You do regular exercise, don’t you? B: a/ Yes, I often watch TV in my free time.
b/ No, I watch TV all day.
4. A: How can I change my habits? B: a/ You should have a good routine.
b/ You can kick the habits.
5. A: My father has a cup of coffee instead of breakfast. B: a/ A cup of coffee is enough for the day.
b/ He won’t have enough energy for the morning.
6. A: Why do we try to reduce our carbon footprint? B: a/ Because it’s good for the environment.
b/ Because we don’t buy big shoes, I think.
7. A: Is your carbon footprint big? B: a/ No, I ride to school every morning.
b/ No, I use a lot of electric appliances.
8. A: Why do we take showers instead of baths? B: a/ It’s more comfortable.
b/ It can save water.
9. A: I have just changed to low energy light bulbs. B: a/ Good idea. Your carbon footprint will be
bigger.
b/ Great idea. It saves a lot of energy.
10. A: Why did you throw food waste in that wooden B: a/ To make compost and grow vegetables.
box? b/ I don’t care about it.

• Talking about ways to live green

II. Mai’s family have decided to stop using plastic for a week. Nick - the school’s reporter - talked to Mai.
Complete the interview with the clauses given below. There is one extra. Then practice the dialogue with your
partner.
A. so many things have plastic packaging
B. I’ve decided to write a blog, too
C. we’re all worried about plastic waste
D. we throw away so many plastic bottles
E. find out if it is difficult or easy for you
F. we’re going not to buy any food and drinks with plastic packaging for a week
G. but speak to us next week
Nick So, you’ll stop using plastic, Mai.
Mai Yes, 1_____________________________________________________- that’s the plan.
Nick Are your parents and your sister going to do that, too?
Mai Yes, they are. 2_________________________________________________. People think that there’ll be more
plastic than fish in the ocean by 2050! So, we want to stop using plastic. 3______________________________. See how
we get along!
Nick Thanks. I’ll come back and 4_________________________________________________.
Mai Great! We’ll be happy to speak to you. 5_________________________________________- so you can read
about my experience. I don’t think we’ll find it easy - 6__________________________.

IV. Complete the dialogue with the words below.

as many as as much as biodegradable break down eco-friendly
get rid of landfill reusable should you should
Phong Hi, Nick. What have you got in that bag?
Nick Hi. Oh, it’s my old printer. I got a new printer, so I’m going to 1 _________________ my old one.
Phong I hope you aren’t just going to put it in the rubbish, Nick. Under no circumstances 2 _________________ you
put old electronic goods in the household rubbish. It’ll be taken to 3_________________ , and printers are not
4
_________________ , so it won’t 5_________________ for thousands of years.
Nick Well, what should I do with it? I don’t live in a big house. I haven’t got space for it.
Phong Did you know that 6 _________________ half a million printers are thrown away every year, and that 7
_________________ 95 per cent of a printer is 8 _________________ ? I think 9_________________ look for a more
10
_________________ way of disposing of it. Have you ever heard of ‘Freecycle’?
Nick No. What is it?
Phong It’s a way of advertising unwanted goods on the internet. Anyone who is interested in taking the item can come
and collect it from you for free.
Nick Great idea. Sounds like a good way to help the environment.