POKHARA UNIVERSITY Exam Final Internal Examination 2080 are used for 6 hours daily.

on 2080 are used for 6 hours daily. The family also wishes to utilize the biodigester for cooking
FACULTY OF SCINCE AND Level B. E. FM 100 purposes and run a 3 hp pump. Moreover, with the surplus energy, they intend to power one
TECHNOLOGY Programme BCE (SET 1) PM 45 television and a few computers, each consuming 300 W, for 4 hours daily. [8]
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING Year/Part I/II Time 3 Hrs
i) The volume of digester with the retention time of 22 days
Subject: Introduction to Energy Engineering
ii) The number of computers that can be operated with the energy, fulfilling all the
Candidates are required to give answers in their own words as far as practicable.
The figure in the margin indicates full marks. desired needs
Attempt all the questions
Assume the data where required Take the following data:
1. a) How can Nepal diversify its energy sources to ensure a more secure and sustainable energy supply?
S.N. Raw Production rate Gas Yeild Solid content
[7]
Material (kg/day/head) (m3/kg) (%)
b) What are climate change models, and how are they used to predict future climate patterns and
1 Poultry 0.06 0.49 65
impacts? What are some of the most commonly used climate change models? [5+3]
Manure
OR
2 Cow Dung 11 0.34 18
What are the key impacts of climate change on building design and how are architects and
engineers adapting to these changes? [4+4] 3 Sheep 0.75 0.55 35
Manure
2. a) Derive the equation for turbine and heat exchangers with the help of steady energy equation by
stating all their assumptions. [7]
Mix slurry has a density of 1085 kg/m3. Heating value of biomass = 23 MJ/m3 . Biogas required
b) The inner surface of a 200 cm thick and 500 cm X 500 cm wall (K = 10 W/mK) is at 400oC. The for cooking is 0.227m3/person/day.
outer surface dissipates heat by combined convection and radiation to the ambient air at 27oC. If
the wall surface has the emissivity of 0.85 and the convection heat transfer coefficient between 5. a) Using a clear and concise schematic diagram, outline the operation of a wind-solar hybrid system
outer wall surface and ambient air is 20W/m2K, determine the outer surface temperature of while enumerating all its components. [8]
the wall. [8]
b) Let's suppose we have a stream that possesses a useful vertical distance of 28000 mm and a flow
3. a) What is the principle of solar photovoltaic power generation? What are the main elements of a PV rate of 1152000 liters per day. Considering an efficiency of 72 % for the hydro plant, how much
system? Describe all the components. [2+6] power can it potentially generate? Additionally, what would be the annual energy output of the
hydro plant? Lastly, how many individuals can be sustained by this energy, assuming an
b) Calculate the annual energy output of the PV power plant which consist of 30 modules located at average consumption of around 1.3 MWh per person?. [7]
site having average daily global radiation of 4.1 kwh/m2 and average ambient temperature is
35⁰C. The specification of a PV module under the standard testing conditions are : [7] OR

How does the design and selection of penstocks and water intake structures affect the
performance of a hydroelectric plant? [7]

6. a) What do you mean by thermal comfort based on ASHRAE standard? Explain the factors that
indicates thermal comfort. [2+5]
b) Moist air exists at 40°C dry-bulb temperature, 20°C thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature, and
101.325 kPa pressure. Determine the humidity ratio, enthalpy, dew-point temperature, relative
4. a) With the help of neat schematic diagram explain about anerobic digestion. [7] humidity, and specific volume. [8] .

b) The farmer and his 10 family members reside in a rural area and possess a livestock of 73 cows, 7. Write short notes: (Answer any two) [5 X 2]
220 hens, and 80 sheep. Given the absence of other energy sources, the farmer intends to a) Environmental aspects of energy
construct a biodigester to fulfill the energy requirements of his family. Additionally, he plans
to set up a dual fuel engine-driven generator with 73% efficiency for the generator and 27% b) Energy conversion potential
thermal efficiency for the engine. At present, they require five 100 W lamps for lighting, which
c) Refrigeration Cycle