2.

1 The signal: Characteristics of speech: Sound/print; Spoken/written: Introductions*

1)

Hello! My name's Rob Fellows. I come from Dundee, a town on the coast of Scotland, but I'm a
student at Durham University, in the north of England. I'm studying French and German, and
I can speak the languages quite well. I also know a little Spanish, so I can speak four
languages. I'm enjoying the course a lot, but it's very hard work!

2)

Hello. My name is Adelina Sanchez Espinosa. I work at the University of Granada. I’m a Senior
Lecturer in English Literature and, erm, I also direct an international Master, an Erasmus
Mundus Master, called erm, GEMMA…erm…Erasmus Mundus Master’s degree in Gender
studies…Women’s and Gender Studies…and erm…what else? Oh, yes, and my…the things I
like…I like cinema, my favourite pastime is cinema…and I like…discussions…I like talking,
talking and…and debating…

3)

Luke: “Excuse me, are you Daniel Cresson?

Daniel: “Yes, I am.
Luke: “Hi! I’m Luke, Luke Freeman. Welcome to Britain!”
Daniel: “Thanks. It’s great to be here. Nice to see you.”
Luke: “Nice to see you too. Oh…this is my sister.”
Emily: “Hello. My name’s Emily.”
Daniel: “Hi, Emily!”
Luke: “And this is my little brother. He’s only six.”
Daniel: ”Hello. What’s your name?”
Charlie: “Charlie. I’m not little! How old are you?”
Daniel: ” I am fifteen, good boy!”
Luke: “Come on! Let’s go and meet Mum. She’s in the car.”

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2.2.2: Bottom up processing: Bottom-up; Top-down

2
2.2.3 Top-down processing: Monologue/Dialogue; Transactional/Interactional (adapted from
Nunan and Lockwood 1989)

Text 2
Weatherwise for the city, continuing mild to warm conditions. Cloudy at times. There's the slight chance of a late shower or
thunderstorm. Local overnight fogs inland. The predicted temperature ranges: 17-26 near the coast; 15-29 inland. Currently it is
25 degrees in town. That's 3 degrees above the average. Further outlook, sunny and warm on Friday, a cool change with showers
on Saturday, and rain on Sunday.

Text 3
Helga: Er, excuse me.
Receptionist: Yes?
Helga: Can you tell me how to get from the Youth Hostel to the Zoo?
Receptionist: Are you going by public transport or what?
Helga: Yes, I want to go by public transport.
Receptionist: Your best bet is just to walk out to Paramatta Road.
Helga: Yes.
Receptionist: Turn left.
Helga: Mmm . . .
Receptionist: Get the bus to Circular Quay.
Helga: Yes.
Receptionist: Then get a ferry straight over to the Zoo.
Helga: Great! Good! What number bus would that be?
Receptionist: Oh, they've got it on the front - 'Circular Quay'. There're about half a dozen buses that go through on Paramatta
Road, so you've got no problems.
Helga: Right! Great! Thanks a lot. Oh, and, er, how much is it?
Receptionist: Let's see - it's three sections. That's $L20.
Helga: Okay.
Receptionist: Bye.

Text 4
Oh, anything - I'm terrible, you know ~ EastEnders - I'm terrible for the soapies. I'll watch real rubbish - Sale of the Century -
anything like that ... I should be saying the News, and all the current affairs programmes, documentaries and that kind of thing, but
I've got to be in the mood for them, ‘cause they take more effort. I use the TV to relax, you know, after work. I
just want to put my feet up and watch a load of rubbish. I feel ashamed but it's true…But at least I don't watch the video clips until
4 am!

Text 5
A forty-year-old fisherman has died after being swept off the rocks at Malabar this afternoon. He and a friend were both swept
into the sea. The friend struggled to safety, but the victim died after being airlifted from the water to the Prince Henry Hospital,

Text 6
Sue: Hang on [yelI]…[Door opens] Sorry, Ah, you must be Yumiko…We ....
Yumiko: Hello, yes. And you are Sue.
Sue: Yes, yes. And this is Dave, my husband.
Dave: How do you do?
Sue: And the kids are in watching TV. Come in, come in . . . Let me help you with your cases -Is that all?
Yumiko: Thank you.
Sue: Here, Dave, take these to Yumiko's room. Your room's downstairs - first on the right. I'll show you later. Come on into the
kitchen and we'll have a drink, [footsteps] Kids, this is Yumiko from Japan.
Kids: Hi!
Sue: Come on, turn off the telly. Come on and have a drink, Yumiko. Are you tired? The flight was late wasn't it?

Text 7
Alice: Hi there .... hi!
Bruce: Oh, Alice, hi - slaving over a hot barbecue. The wood's wet - not burning [coughs]. All this rain. Come in - yeah - I nearly
thought we'd have to . . . you know, call the party off.
Alice: Yes, I almost rang yesterday. But the weather looks okay. I almost got stranded on the Gladesville Bridge - I could hardly see
anything.
Bruce: Alice -you know Alex and Jan, don't you?
Alice: Well, no - 1 know you both by sight…
Alex: yes…
Alice: You live next door to Jerry and Sharon, don't you?
Jan: Yes- hi- it's awful -we've all been here for years but…
Alex: …and this is David, our three year old.

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3.5 Language: Spontaneous vs Recorded English

4. Teaching Listening

4
1. Doing: listener responds physically.
2. Choosing: listener selects from alternatives such as pictures, objects, texts, or actions.
3. Transferring: listener transforms the message such as drawing a route on a map, or filling in a
chart.
4. Answering: listener answers questions about a text.
5. Condensing: listener takes notes or makes an outline.
6. Extending: listener goes beyond the text by continuing the story or solving a problem.
7. Duplicating: listener simply repeats or translates the message.
8. Modelling: listener performs a similar task.
9. Conversing: listener is an active participant in a face-to-face conversation.
(Lund 1990)

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*Dr Tony Harris: MAES; AyE; ListeningActivities