cargo service airports

What is cargo service airports?

Cargo Service Airports are airports that, in addition to any other air transportation
services that may be available, are served by aircraft providing air transportation of only
cargo with a total annual landed weight of more than 100 million pounds.

Why is air cargo important in aviation?

As a trade facilitator, air cargo increases the global reach of businesses, enabling them
to get products to distant markets in a more cost-effective and quicker way.

What are the 2 types of air cargo?

When looking at the various types of cargo transported by air, they fall into two main
groups: General Cargo and Special Cargo. Special Cargo is then divided up into smaller
specialized sub-groups.

What is the difference between cargo and air cargo?

 The terms freight or cargo refer to the transportation of goods from one place to
another, but the air cargo meaning typically refers only to goods transported by plane or
ship. The air freight definition has a much broader meaning and can also be applied to
the transportation of goods via road, ocean, rail, and air

What is the importance of cargo operations?

Transportation- the most important function of cargo handling is the final delivery
through smooth transportation of the products. Logistics insure the products before the
delivery process, so the cargo should be handled safely. The goods can also be in bulk,
logistics have to ensure about each product.

What is international air cargo?

Air freight can be defined as products and goods (cargo) that are shipped by aircraft.
Options for modes of air freight include passenger aircraft, the cargo hold of a
passenger aircraft or a commercial cargo aircraft.

What Are the Different Types of Air Cargo?

● General Cargo: This type of service is usually less in price than the Special Cargo
service. ...
● Special Cargo: Items that fall under this type of service usually should be handled with
care. ...
● Dangerous/Hazardous Cargo: Few categories are falling under hazardous cargo.

What is classification of cargo?

There are the following types of cargo: liquid (liquid food products, chemical
substances, oil products, liquefied gas) cargo; loose or bulk cargo; general cargo
(packed/unpacked goods in batches and single pieces); condition products (perishable,
requiring ventilation, etc.);
What are the duties of a cargo officer?
The Cargo Officer ensures that cargo shipments are handled and stored according to
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and handling requirements. He/She prepares
all cargo documentations and performs stock control and housekeeping operations.
He/She ensures shipments are arranged according to cargo plans.

Live animals

What is IATA code for live animals?

The IATA Live Animals Regulations (LAR) are the worldwide standard for transporting
live animals by commercial airlines

What is IATA code for live animals?

The IATA Live Animals Regulations (LAR) are the worldwide standard for transporting
live animals by commercial airlines

Can animals be transported by air?

Live animal shipping is a significant part of air cargo, with hundreds of racehorses being
shipped by air every day alone. Due to the nature of dealing with living creatures, there
is much to know about airline animal shipping requirements to ensure the safe delivery
of each animal.

What is live animals cargo?

All animals are handled as live cargo and most are stowed in the aircraft's climate-
controlled cargo bays unless the aircraft has been converted as a dedicated livestock
carrier.

Why are live animals transported by air?

There are many reasons why people wish to transport live animals. The animals may be
personal pets, or guide and assistance dogs. They may be sporting animals, agricultural
animals for breeding, food animals being transported for slaughter, zoological animals and
species being transported for reasons of science. Transporting animals for long periods of
time is considered unnecessarily cruel and to be avoided whenever possible. Therefore, for
long journeys the only speedy option is to use aircraft Regulations, Standards and
Conventions

Because air transport is the most humane way of transporting live animals on long journeys,
it is important to ensure high standards are maintained by all those involved: veterinary
inspectors, animal keepers, handlers and attendants, container manufacturers, air carriers,
pilots etc. This is best achieved through regulation and oversight.

Regulations for the transport of live animals need to set a balance between ensuring
compliance with aviation safety requirements and practice, and treating animals humanely
in accordance with current welfare standards. The safety of crewmembers, passengers and
animal handlers also need to be considered.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is not a regulatory body, but airline
members of the Association are obliged to ensure IATA’s Live Animals Regulations (LAR)
are followed. As such, IATA’s LAR has become the worldwide standard for transporting live
animals by commercial airlines, and supranational and national regulating bodies reference
it. As well as providing guidance for airlines, the LAR is used by shippers, freight
forwarders, and animal care professionals. The LAR contains a comprehensive
classification of 1000’s of animal species along with the container specifications required for
their transport. It also includes information on handling, marking & labelling along with
necessary documentation when transporting animals by air..
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES) has also established a set of detailed guidelines for the transport of all animals[2].
These guidelines attempt to broadly follow the LAR.

Dangerous Goods.
Definition

Articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment
and which are shown in the list of dangerous goods in the Technical Instructions (Doc 9284) or which are
classified according to those Instructions.

Source: International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Annex 18, The Safe Transport of Dangerous
Goods by Air

ICAO Provisions

Dangerous goods must be carried only when subject to specific restrictions on their packaging, quantity
carried, stowage location, proximity to other items, or category of flight. ICAO Annex 18 to the Chicago
Convention, The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, deals with all aspects of the subject. In
general, it sets down the broad principles which determine whether items are acceptable for carriage by
air. One of the applicable Standards requires that Dangerous Goods are carried only in accordance with
ICAO Doc 9284, ‘Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air’ which is
generally referred to as the "Technical Instructions". The Technical Instructions amplify the basic
provisions of Annex 18 and contain all the detailed instructions necessary for the safe international
transport of dangerous goods by air.
Contracting States are required under Annex 18 to have inspection and enforcement procedures in
place which will ensure that all Dangerous Goods are only carried in full compliance with the stated
requirements. By requiring that appropriate National legislation must be in force, this system ensures
governmental control over the carriage of dangerous goods by air and provides for a world-wide
harmonization of safety standards.

The Technical Instructions

The Technical Instructions contain a comprehensive set of requirements which is based upon a
classification of dangerous goods and includes a list of all those defined. This list identifies those goods
which are:

forbidden under any circumstances;

forbidden on both passenger and cargo aircraft in normal circumstances but could be carried in
exceptional circumstances subject to exemption by the States concerned;

forbidden on passenger aircraft but permitted on cargo aircraft in normal circumstances; and

permitted on both passenger and cargo aircraft in normal circumstances.

The Technical Instructions require that all dangerous goods be packaged appropriately and usually
restrict the quantity per package according to the degree of hazard and the type of aircraft (i.e.
passenger or cargo) on which the items are being loaded. In the majority of cases, there is no limit on
the number of packages per aircraft. The Instructions also specify the packing methods to be used and
the packaging permitted, together with the specifications for that packaging including the stringent
testing regime which this packaging must successfully complete before it can be used. In addition, there
are precise requirements for the marking and labeling of Dangerous Goods packages and in respect of
the documentation which must be prepared whenever such packages are consigned by air.

There is a requirement that every package of dangerous goods should be inspected externally by the
Aircraft Operator or their contracted agent before carriage to ensure it is in a fit state and appears to
comply with all the relevant requirements. Packages are subject to loading restrictions including the
segregation of those containing incompatible dangerous goods and securing so as to prevent movement
in flight.

The Aircraft Commander must be informed before departure what dangerous goods are on board and
where they are located since, in the event of an emergency on board (which may not necessarily involve
dangerous goods), the aircraft commander is required, situation permitting, to inform the appropriate
ATC Unit of dangerous goods on the aircraft to assist the emergency services in their response. The
aircraft commander may exercise discretion in respect of the communication of dangerous goods
information, since he/she must judge the risks involved in diverting the attention of a member of the
flight crew from the primary task of keeping control of the aircraft during emergency situations.
Since Aircraft Operators are also aware of what dangerous goods have been loaded on their aircraft, in
the event of an aircraft accident the Technical Instructions require that they must, as soon as possible,
inform the State in which the accident occurred of what was on board and where it was located. It is
accepted that it is possible, that in some circumstances, this information may not be instantly available.
Operators are also required to report to the relevant authority all accidents and incidents involving
dangerous goods, and States in turn are required to have procedures in place to investigate such
occurrences.

The Technical Instructions contain training requirements which apply to everyone involved in
consigning, handling and carrying dangerous goods, cargo and passenger baggage. These include the
need for refresher training at two-year intervals and the keeping of training records. There are specific
responsibilities for shippers and operators. Shippers must ensure staff preparing consignments of
dangerous goods receive training or that another organization with trained staff is used. Operators must
ensure their own staff and those of their handling agents are trained. Training programmes for
operators are subject to approval by the State of the operator

Source: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 18, The Safe Transport of Dangerous
Goods by Air

Dangerous goods must be carried only when subject to specific restrictions on their packaging, quantity
carried, stowage location, proximity to other items, or category of flight. ICAO Annex 18 to the Chicago
Convention, The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, deals with all aspects of the subject. In
general, it sets down the broad principles which determine whether items are acceptable for carriage by
air. One of the applicable Standards requires that Dangerous Goods are carried only in accordance with
ICAO Doc 9284, ‘Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air’ which is
generally referred to as the "Technical Instructions". The Technical Instructions amplify the basic
provisions of Annex 18 and contain all the detailed instructions necessary for the safe international
transport of dangerous goods by air.

Contracting States are required under Annex 18 to have inspection and enforcement procedures in
place which will ensure that all Dangerous Goods are only carried in full compliance with the stated
requirements. By requiring that appropriate National legislation must be in force, this system ensures
governmental control over the carriage of dangerous goods by air and provides for a world-wide
harmonization of safety standards.