ORGANIC REAGENTS
S.No. | Reagent Function
1 |PCh, PBrs, Pls ‘Alcohols into Alkyl halides
2 | SoCh,PCls Alcohols into Alkyl chlorides &
3 | HCVZnCl,HBrHI Alcohols into alkyl halides
4___ | ChfFe or FeCl Ci group substituting on Benzene
5___| NaNO; /HCI 0-5°C Diazotisation
6
CuCl,CuBr,CuCN,KI,H,0,
H;PO2
Bromo Benzene, Benzo nitrile, lodo
Benzene , Phenol,Benzene respectively
HBF; or NaBFs
oo]
AgF or Hg2F, or SbF; or
CoF,
‘Alkyl halides into alkyl florides
9 Na/ dry ether Alkyl halides into alkanes
10__| NaOH 623/443/368K Chloro benzene to phenol
il Bry /FeBrs Bromination of Benzene
12 | Ch/FeCls Chlorination of Benzene
13 _ | CH-CI/AICI, lation of benzene and its derivatives
14__| CH-CO-CI/AICI, Acylation on benzene
15 | H,SO,4/HNO; Nitration of benzene
16__| (CHCO),0 /AICI; 0 Acylation of Phenol
17__| HSO, ‘ion on Benzene
18 [H,0/HSO, alkenes into alcohols
Ag KOH Alkyl halide into alcohol
19 ‘| BH;/H,0,/OH" Alkenes into alcohols (Anti
Markownikoff product)
20 —=—| NaBH LiAlH,(LAH) Aldehydes, ketones, acids into alcohols,
Nito & Cynides , Isocyanides into amines
21 ‘| Hy Nior HyPd reduction of aldehydes, ketones and
22 [RMgX/H;0* Aldehydes, ketones into alcohls
23 0./H* Cumene to phenol
24 Na Alcohol or phenol into Sodium
alkoxide/Phenoxide
25 ‘| (CHCO),0/ CH-CO-Cl O acylation on phenol or N acylation on
Aneline or amine
26 = | Conc.H,SO,/443K Conversion of primary alcohols into
Alkenes
27___| Conc.H,SO,/410K Conversion of alcohols into Ethers
28 | 85% H;PO,/ 440K Secondary alcohol into alkene
29 | 20% H3PO4/358K. Tertiary alcohol into alkene
Alcoholic KOH Alkyl halide into alkeneORGANIC REAGENTS
30 | CrO3/KMn0O, or K;Cr,0;_| oxidation of alcohols into acids
in acidic medium
31 | Cu/573k ‘dehydrogenation of alcohols ges r
alcohols into aldehydes and 2” alcohols
into ketones & 3° alcohos into alkenes
32___| Dil. HNO; Mono nitration of Phenol
33 | Conc.HNO; tri nitration of phenol
34 | Brn /H,0 tri bromination of phenol
35 _| BrafCs2 mono bromination of phenol
36 NaOH /CO2 Phenol to salicilic acid
37 (CHCl /NaOH Phenol to salcilaldehyde
38 | Zn dust Phenol to Benzene
39 NajCr,07 /H2SO, or air Phenol to Benzo quinone
40 Zn/CrO3 200to 300 atm CO & H into methanol
573 673K
41 Invertase Sucrose into Glucose or Fructose
42 Zymase Glucose or Fructose into ethanol
43 HI Ether into alcohol & alkyl halide
44 PCC alcohol to aldehyde
45 Pd /BaSO,,H> acid chloride into aldehyde
46 | SnClyHCI/H,0°" Cyanides into aldehydes
47__| AIH(-Bu),/H,0 Cyanides into aldehydes
48 DIBAL-H/H,O Esters into aldehydes
49 CrO0,CL,/H,0 Toluene to aldehyde
50 | CrO;(CH3;CO),0. Toluene into Benzaldely
51 ‘(Chy/hv Chlorination on alkyl group of Benzene or
alkane
52__| CO, HCI anhydrous AICI;_| Benzene to Benzaldehyde
53 | (CHs)Cd acid chloride into ketones
54___| RMgX/H,0* Cyanides into ketones
55 HCN Carbonyl compound into cyanohydrin
56__| NaHSOs addition to aldehyde and ketone
57__|H,NOH carbonyl compound into oxime
58__| HoN-NHo cabot ‘compound into hydrazone
59 H,N-NH-Ph carbonyl compound into Phenyl
hydrazone
60 2,ADNP carbonyl compound into 2,4 dinitro
phynyl hydrazone
61 H,N-NH-CO-CH; carbonyl compound into carbazide
62 | ROH/HCI Aldehydes & ketones into hemiacetal and
acetal
63 HO-CH)-CH>-OH/HC1 Aldehyde or ketone into ethelene glycolORGANIC REAGENTS
ketone
64 | Zn-Hg/HCl carbonyl compound into alkane
65 H,N-NH,/KOH carbonyl compound into alkane
66 KMn0,/OH? K,Cr,0; Ketones into mixture of carboxylic acids
/H,SO, or HNO; on prolonged oxidation
67__| (Ag(NH3)))NOz+NaOH _| Tollen s test
68 | Cu(OH), Fehiling s test
69 NaOH+), Iodoform
70___| NaOH or Ba(OH), aldal condensation
i ‘Conc KOH or NaOH ‘Cannizaro s reaction
72___|KMnO,/KOH Toluene/alkyl Benzene into Benzoic Acid
73 | H,O/H* ‘Cyanides into carboxylic acids, amides
into carboxylic acids, esters into
carboxylic acis and alcohols, acid
chlorides or anhydrides into carboxylic
acids
74 NaOH Saponificaiton of ester, acid into salt of
acid
75___| NaxCO3 or NaHCO; Carboxylic acid test
76 ~— | PO or P25 Dehydration of acids into anhydride,
amides into nitriles
77___ | ROH/conc H,SO4 Caroxylic acids into esters
73 Carboxylic acids into acid chlorides
79 Carboxylic acids into amides
80 | NaOH/CaO Decarboxylation (acids into alkanes)
81 LiAIHy Carboxylic acids into alcohols, amides
into amines
82 Ch fred Ps HVZ reaction
83 Sn/HCI or Fe /HCI, H,/Pd | Reduction of nitro compounds into
amines
84 NH; Alkyl halides into amines
85 H, Ni or H,/Pd LiAIHy Amides into cyanindes
86__ | KOH/R-X Phthalamide into amine
87 =| NaOH /Br. Hoffman bromamide, amide into amine
with one C less
83 KOH,CHCls Amines into Carbyl amines
89 | NaNO/HCI 1° aliphatic into alcohols
90 |NaNO/HCI 05°C Aniline into diazonium chloride
91 | C.H;SO,Cl Distinguishing 1°,2” & 3” amines
92 | Br/H,0 Aneline into tri bromo aniline
93 Br2/ CH-CO-Cl Aniline into Bromo Aniline
4CHCO)0ORGANIC REAGENTS
94 HNO, CH-CO-Cl Nitro aniline
4CHCO),0
95 | H,SO, Sulphonation on aniline
96 | CuCl,CuBr,CuCN,KIH,0, | Diazonium Cholride into Chlor Benzene,
HPO, or CH;-CHrOH —_| Bromo Benzene, Benzo nitrile, lodo
Benzene , Phenol,Benzene respectivelyNAME REACTIONS
[2 | Fintan | CHaBr + Nat —ASEIONE CH + Nabe
[>| swe | Cotten lng ST hed nl
Friedel-Crafts
Alkylation
Friedel-Crafts CH CoCr
—) Aniydrous AICI
2Na
MCC + Oy ——pape ese Hy + Nad
a
a
7.) Wurta-Fiveig |
a
‘OH
8. | Kolbe => a
Ca
Reimer-Tiermann
CHCl + NaGH
——__—__.
————
Williamson CHs-Br + CHy-ONa 9=—H——— CH 1-0-CH, + NaBr
H,0"
11) stephen H3C—ON 4 SnCl + HC! —— Hjc—cH =H Se HC —cHoco/ HCI
Anhydrous AKI 5
Gatterman ~ Koch
Hy
Pd / BaSO,
Clemmensen in- He
HgC—CH y-CH 3
reduction Cone, HO
Wolff-Kishner ONH NH,
k t HC CH CH
reduction Wc” cH, il) KOH / Ethylene glycol ~
Tollens’ test R-CHO+2[Ag(NH).]” + 3 OH ———*R-COO + 2Ag 4 + 2H,0 +4 NH;
Fehling’s test R-CHO+2 Cu" + 5 OH" R-COO’ + CuO 4 +3H,0
i 1, / NaOH
fodoform CHI [+ CH COO Na
nc “ot, OR, Nad!
dil NaQH A
2 4y¢ —cHo —— Am HC -CH CH 2 = CHO te CH CH = CCH
. NaH
HCHO 4 HCHO LORE NAOH coma + Hsc—OH
1) C1, / Red Phosphorus
| Hell-volhard- | 4c —-coon
7 H,C——CO0H
Bellnehey (HVE i)H,0 I
2 a
°
23.| Hoffmonn Br,
tromamide. 3c —t 8», ——————> ¢ nt
degradation NaOH24] crite RH, + CHCl; + 3KOH —————™ R-NC + 3KC1 + 3,0
NaNO, + daHCI
273 - 278K
'. 1
27. Gatterman CO cus co: "%
* OH"
28.| Coupling NiO + — NEN: oH
Distinguish By a Single Chemical Test
1. All aldehydes ( R-CHO) give Tollens’ Test and produce silver mirror.
RCHO + 2[Ag(NH,),]’ + 30H” RCOO"+ 2Ag | + 2H,0 +4 NH,
Tollens' Reagent silver ppt
Note; HCOOH(methanoic acid) also gives this test, ketones (RCOR) do not give this test
2. All aldehydes (R-CHO) and ketones{RCOR) give 2,4-DNP test
RCOR + 2,4-DNP —> Orange ppt
R-CHO + 2,4-DNP — Orange ppt
3. Aldehydes and ketones having CH,CO- (keto methyl) group give lodoform Test. Alcohols
having CH,CH- OH group also give lodoform Test.
CH,CHO + 31, +4NaQH—> CHI, 4 + HCOONa +3Nal +3H,O
Yellow ppt
4, The following compounds give lodoform Test: ethanol (C,H,OH), propan-2-ol
{CH,CH(OH)CH,), ethanal{CH,CHO), propanone(CH,COCH,), butanone (CH,COCH,CH,),
pentan-2-ane (CH,COCH, CH,CH,), acetophenone ( PhCOCH, }
5. All carboxylic acids (R-COOH) give Bicarbonate Test
RCOOH + NaHCO, -+ RCOONa + CO, T + H,0
effervescence
6. Phenol gives FeCl, Test
CHOH + FeCl, + (CH.0),Fe + 3HCI
(neutral) (violet color)7.
10.
11.
12,
All primary amines (R/Ar -NH,) give Carbyl Amine Test
R-NH, + CHCl, + KOH(alc) > RNC + KCI + H,O
offensive smell
Aniline gives Azo Dye Test { Only for aromatic amines)
C,H.NH, + NaNO,+HCI > C,H.N,'Cl; then add -naphthol orange dye
All alcohols (ROH) give Na-metal test
R-OH + Na > R-ONa + H,
bubbles
For esters (RCOOR) : Hydrolyses first. Then see the products { acid & alcohol) and give a test
to identify them.
All alkenes (C=C) and alkynes (C=C) decolorizes Br, — water from red to colourless.
Lucas Test to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
Lucas reagent: ZnCl,/HCl
3°-aleohol + Lucas reagent — immediate turbidity
2"-alcohol + Lucas reagent > turbidity after sometime
°-alcohol + Lucas reagent — no turbidity