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Mitsubishi Forklift Fgc33 Fgc35 Fgc35c Fgc40 Fgc45 Fgc50c PRH Spare Parts Catalog en
Mitsubishi Forklift Fgc33 Fgc35 Fgc35c Fgc40 Fgc45 Fgc50c PRH Spare Parts Catalog en
Mitsubishi Forklift Fgc33 Fgc35 Fgc35c Fgc40 Fgc45 Fgc50c PRH Spare Parts Catalog en
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By
Command,
W. H.
GRIFFIN.
Both the Post Office Act and the above Department Order treat of
the disposition of periodicals and other printed matter without giving
the rates of postage required thereon. A subsequent Order gives us
these rates:—
DEPARTMENT ORDER, [NO. 3.]
POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENT,
TORONTO. 17th
April, 1851.
Printed Circulars, Price Currents, Handbills, Pamphlets,
Periodicals, Books, and other Printed Matter transmitted
by Post in Canada.
1. Upon each Printed Circular, Price Current or Handbill,
and other Printed matter of a like description, when
unconnected with any manuscript or written
communication and of no greater weight than one ounce,
there shall be charged One penny; and for each additional
ounce or fraction of an ounce, One penny additional.
2. Upon each Periodical or Magazine, Pamphlet and Book,
bound or unbound, there shall be charged a rate of One
half-penny per ounce.
3. Pre-payment of the foregoing rates will be optional,
except when the Printed matter is addressed to the United
States, and in that case the charge must invariably be pre-
paid.
4. On such Printed matter received into Canada by Mail
from the United States, the above Canada Rates will
always remain to be collected on delivery in this Province.
5.[Exchange of one copy between publishers is free.]
6. [Must be unsealed; if writing is enclosed will be treated
as a letter.]
7. No Book or packet of Periodicals, Magazines, &c., can
be forwarded through the Post, if exceeding the weight of
forty-eight ounces.
JAMES MORRIS. Post Master
General.
It is of course understood that the above does not apply to
newspapers, which were charged to a nominal rate of ½d. each, the
term newspaper being considered to aply to periodicals issued not
less often than once a week.
A supplementary order was issued, a couple of days later than the
preceding, which announces a book post with England. It is a bit
curious as prohibiting the use of postage stamps in prepayment of
the charges, at a time when their introduction was supposed to be
an improvement in the postal service.
SUPPLEMENTARY ORDER.
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
TORONTO, 19th April, 1851.
Book Post with England.
Under the authority of Her Majesty's Government, an
arrangement will take effect on the fifteenth day of May
next, under which Printed Books, Magazines, Reviews, or
Pamphlets, whether British, Colonial, or Foreign, may be
sent through the Post, between Canada and the United
Kingdom, at the Following Rates of Postage:
Sterling Currency
For a single volume, i.e., Book, Magazine,
Equal to
Review, or Pamphlet, 6d.
7½d.
not exceeding half lb. in weight
For a single volume, &c., exceeding half lb. Equal to 1s.
1s.
and not exceeding one lb. 3d.
For a single volume, &c., exceeding one lb. Equal to 2s.
2s.
and not exceeding two lbs. 6d.
For a single volume, &c., exceeding two lbs. Equal to 3s.
3s.
and not exceeding three lbs. 9d.
*****
XV. And be it enacted, That the Post Master General shall
be authorized, whenever the same may be proper for the
accommodation of the public in any city, to employ Letter
Carriers for the delivery of letters received at the Post
Office in such city, excepting such as the persons to whom
they are addressed may have requested, in writing
addressed to the Postmaster, to be retained in the Post
Office, and for the receipt of letters at such places in the
said city as the Postmaster General may direct, and for the
deposit of the same in the Post Office; and for the delivery
by Carrier of each letter received from the Post Office, the
person to whom the same is delivered shall pay not
exceeding One Penny, and for the delivery of each
newspaper and pamphlet One Halfpenny, and for every
letter received by a Carrier to be deposited in the Post
Office, there shall be paid to him, at the time of the
receipt, not exceeding One Half-penny:—all of which
receipts, by the Carriers in any city, shall, if the
Postmaster General so direct, be accounted for to the
Postmaster of the said city, to constitute a fund for the
compensation of the said Carriers, and to be paid to them
in such proportions and manner as the Postmaster
General may direct.
But in the meantime the postage stamps, which will now be our
main study, were issued to the public, and we will therefore turn
back to the period of their birth and trace their history, together with
the development of the post that accompanies it, through the nearly
sixty years that have since elapsed.
*****
74—75—76. [Almost identical with first three paragraphs
of Department Order No. 4. describing and prescribing use
of postage stamps. Vide supra.]
77. If the Stamps affixed to a Letter addressed to any
place in British North America or to the United Kingdom
be not adequate to the proper Postage, the Post Master
receiving the Letter for transmission will rate it with the
amount deficient in addition.
78. On Letters for the United States when Stamps are
affixed representing less than the amount of Postage to
which the Letters are liable, the Stamps are to be
cancelled and the Letters rated with the full rate as
Unpaid.
79—80—81. [Identical with last two paragraphs of
Department Order No. 4. concerning cancelling, omission
of same, and accounts of stamped letters.]
82. Stamps affixed to Letters coming from either of the
British North American Provinces, the United Kingdom or
the United States, and recognized as equivalent to pre-
payment at the Office where the Letter has been posted—
are to be allowed in Canada as evidence of pre-payment
accordingly, on the Letters to which they have been
affixed.
*****
84. [Postage Stamps must be taken when offered in
payment of postage on delivery of Unpaid Letters.]
*****
88. [Non-Commissioned Officers, Embodied Pensioners,
Seamen and Soldiers, while employed in Her Majesty's
Service, can send and receive letters at a rate of 1d. each,
which must be paid at time of posting, and letter must not
exceed ½ oz. in weight.]
*****
95. [Rate on circulars, price currents, hand bills, etc., 1d.
per ounce or fraction.]
96. [Rate on pamphlets, periodicals, magazines and
books, ½d. per ounce.]
*****
100. [Limit of weight for periodicals, etc., (§96) is 48 oz.]
*****
103. [Book post to England is 6d. sterling (7½d. currency)
for ½lb., 1s. sterling (1s. 3d. currency) for 1 lb., and at 1s.
per lb., rate thereafter.]
*****
112. [Postage on newspapers in Canada is ½d. except on
exchange copies, which are free.]
It strikes one as curious, in glancing over the above, to note the
several half penny and one penny rates, as well as two at 7½ pence,
and to realize that no stamp of the lowest value, at least, should
have been arranged for whereby these amounts could have been
prepaid by means of stamps. To be sure, the 7½d. rate could be
obtained by halving a three penny stamp in conjunction with a 6d.
stamp as was the common practice in Nova Scotia, but no such
combination is known on a Canada cover.
Of the three stamps issued, the first and most typical of Canada was
the 3d. which was designed, so Mr. C. N. Robertson of Ottawa tells
us, by Sir Sanford Fleming, a civil engineer and draughtsman. The
central feature is a representation of the beaver in its native haunts,
above which is the royal crown of England resting on a rose, thistle
and shamrock, with the letters V and R (Victoria Regina) at either
side. A reference to figure 6 on Plate I makes further description
unnecessary. The normal color was a bright red.
A quite marked variety of this stamp occurs in what is generally
known as a "double strike" or "shifted transfer." It is not due to
accidental light contact of the sheet in printing, previous to the
heavier impression in a slightly changed position, as is often
suggested, but is a true plate variety, caused by a slight impression
of the transfer roller in the wrong position on the plate previous to
the heavy impression sunk in the proper position. This fact is shown
by its being found in pairs and blocks with the normal stamp. It is
recognized by the letters EE PEN being "doubled" at the top, making
it appear as if a line had been drawn through the words and giving it
the name, occasionally used of the "line through threepence" variety.
The figure 3 also appears doubled at the bottom. Its position in the
sheet has not been determined, but it occurs on all papers.
The 6d. stamp is in the usual upright form, containing a portrait of
Albert, the Prince Consort. It has been impossible to trace the
original of the picture, though diligent search has been made. The
rose, thistle and shamrock again appear on the stamp, at either side
of the oval frame and separating the inscriptions. Figure 1 of Plate I
gives an excellent reproduction of this value. The normal color may
be said to have been a slate violet.
The 12d. stamp is very similar in design to the 6d. stamp, but
contains a portrait of Queen Victoria. This beautiful head, so often
seen upon the early British Colonial stamps, was taken from the full
length painting by Alfred Edward Chalon, R. A., which was ordered
by the Queen for her mother, the Duchess of Kent, as a souvenir of
Her Majesty's first visit to the House of Lords. The occasion was the
prorogation of Parliament, on July 17, 1837, and the Queen is
portrayed in her robes of state, because of which fact the painting is
sometimes described as "in Coronation Robes," but this is erroneous.
[10]
The stamp is illustrated as figure 2 on Plate I, and it will be
noticed that the inscriptions in the oval frame are this time separated
on either side by the royal crown. The color is black.
The peculiarity in the expression of the value of this stamp as
"Twelve Pence" instead of "One Shilling," which would seem to be
the natural form for such an amount in English money, was long a
moot question amongst collectors. It was even suggested as an
"error" of the American manufacturers of the stamp! But the
controversy has been practically settled by reference to the
monetary conditions of the period. A glance back at the rates of
postage we have already quoted will show that it was generally
necessary to give them in two forms, "currency" and "sterling." The
somewhat depreciated Canadian currency required fifteen pence, as
will be noted, to equal the shilling sterling—a point that is brought
out on the two stamps issued subsequently for the British Packet
rates. Add to this the fact that in New England the "shilling" was a
current expression for 16⅔ cents (10 pence currency), while in New
York it represented 12½ cents (7½ pence currency) and we can
readily see that in Canadian territory contiguous to these sections
the number of pence to a "shilling" might often be a debatable
quantity. As a matter of fact the French Canadians of Lower Canada
made general use of the "shilling" as reckoned at 10 pence (20
cents) in the old currency, while the "York shilling" was extensively
used in Upper Canada.[11] "Twelve pence" was without doubt wholly
intentional, therefore, as the designation of the stamp, and was a
happy solution of any ambiguity in its use, even if it has proved a
stumbling block to the understanding of latter day collectors.
An interesting essay for this stamp is in existence, being a
companion for the 3 pence "beaver," inasmuch as the shape of the
stamp and the central design are the same, though on a larger
scale; the inscriptions, however, are on an octagonal frame around
the picture instead of an elliptical one, and the value is expressed as
"one shilling," with "1s" in each spandrel. It was doubtless also a
conception of Sir Sanford Fleming, the designer of the 3 pence, and
it would be interesting to know what the companion 6 pence may
have been.
The three issued stamps were ordered from and engraved on steel
by Messrs. Rawdon, Wright, Hatch and Edson of New York, who, it
will be interesting to note, were the engravers of the 1847 issue of
United States stamps—a fact which very likely may have had its
influence on the Canadian authorities. The stamps were printed in
sheets of 100, ten rows of ten, and had eight marginal imprints, two
on each side. The imprint reads, "Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edson,
New York.", in minute letters of the size known as "diamond" in the
printing office, and it is placed opposite the third and eighth stamps
of the horizontal or vertical row, as the case may be, but always with
the bottom of the imprint next the stamps. This causes the imprints
to read up on the left, down on the right, and upside down on the
bottom margins of the sheets.
We have found but one item in the departmental accounts for the
fiscal year 1851-2 referring to the stamps. This reads:—
Rawdon, Wright & Co., for engraving postage stamps,
£31.8.2
This was doubtless simply a bill for printing, as it is altogether too
small an amount to account for the engraving of three stamp dies
and the making of three printing plates.
The first delivery of the stamps from the manufacturers took place
on April 5, 1851, according to a valuable summary from official
records, published in the Metropolitan Philatelist,[12] when 100,000
of the 3 pence value were received by the Canadian Government. A
second lot, numbering 150,200 of the 3 pence, arrived on April 20th.
The 6 pence value followed on May 2nd, to the number of 100,400;
and the 12 pence two days later, on May 4th, when the only
consignment ever received from the printers, numbering 51,400,
was delivered.
The paper on which the stamps were printed was a thin, tough,
grayish white variety which we should probably call bond paper, but
which at that time is said to have been known as bank note paper. It
was doubtless handmade, and therefore varies considerably in
thickness, the two extremes being usually listed as medium or
ordinary, and very thin or almost pelure.
It has been the custom to assume that the first deliveries of the
stamps were probably all upon laid paper, which was borne out by
dates on covers or postmarked specimens of the stamps used during
the first year of issue. But by June of 1852, at least, according to
Messrs. Corwin and King,[13] the stamps were beginning to appear
on paper which was simply wove, without any trace of the laid lines,
though in all other respects similar to the first supplies. Of course a
minor detail of manufacture like this would have no official
cognizance, so there is nothing for us to go by in determining the
quantities printed on one or the other kind of paper, or the dates of
issue, save for what can be gleaned from dated covers and
deductions to be drawn from them. The two varieties of paper,
however, have been as productive of controversy in the case of the
12 pence stamp as the peculiar expression of its value proved.
But before discussing this question, let us see what we have to work
on. The first annual report of the Postmaster General, for the year
ending 5th April, 1852, contains the following information concerning
the new stamps:—
Postage Stamps for the pre-payment of letters of the
respective values of 3d., 6d. and 1s. were procured and
issued immediately after the transfer, and have been kept
for sale to the public at all the principal Post Offices in the
Province; the demand, however, has not been great, as
will be seen by the following statement, and the sales of
the last quarter of the year would seem to demonstrate
that the use of these Stamps in pre-payment of letters, is
rather diminishing than gaining ground in the community.
There were procured from the manufacturers, Messrs.
Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Co., of New York, during the
year ended 5th April 1852:
Value.
250,2003d. Stamps £3127 10 0
100,4006d. Stamps 2510 0 0
51,000 1s. Stamps 2550 0 0
401,600 £8187 10 0
Value.
217,300 3d. Stamps £2716 5 0
63,400 6d. Stamps 15850 0
820 1s. Stamps 41 0 0
281,520 £4342 5 0
In this annual report of 31st March, 1856, is the last account of the
12d. stamp, from which it appears that none were issued to