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Climatic and Edaphic Fact
Climatic and Edaphic Fact
Climatic and Edaphic Fact
BANKE
Submitted for
Submitted to
Department of Botany
Gurukul Academy
Ghorahi-Dang
Submitted by
Aakriti Khadka, Anita Oli, Anuja Giri, Bidisha Adhikari, Sajja Chaudhary,
2078/79 Batch
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
……………………
Supervisor
Toyanath Belbase
Department of Botany
Gurukul Academy
RECOMMENDATION LETTER
This is to certify that the project work entitled “CLIMATIC AND EDAPHIC CONDITION
FOUND IN DHAKERI, BANKE” has been carried out by Darwin Squad as a partial
fulfillment for the requirement of grade XI under my Supervision. To the best of my
knowledge, this work has not been submitted to any other purpose in this institute.
……………………
Supervisor
Toyanath Belbase
Department of Botany
Gurukul Academy
DECLARATION
We Darwin Squad, hereby declare that the work present here in genuine work done originally
by us and has not been published or submitted elsewhere for the requirement of a grade XI.
Any literature, data or works done by others, presented in this dissertation are cited, has been
given due acknowledgement and listed in the reference section.
.......................
Jeevan Chaudhary
Grade : XI
Date: 2078\12\07
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our sincere gratitude and deep respect to our supervisor lecturer Mr.
Toyanath Belbase Department of Botany, for his continuous inspiration and constructive
guidance.
We would like to express our deep respect and gratitude to Mr. Mukunda Giri, principal,
Gurukul Academy, Mr. Nimananda Gaire, +2 coordinator, Mr. Krishna Dev Thapa Magar,
+2 management coordinator, Mr. Ajay Shah, +2 science coordinator, Department of Botany,
Mr. Kiran Chaudhary Department of Zoology, Gurukul Academy, school for providing us an
opportunity to conduct this project in this department. We would like to extend our deep
regards to all our respectful faculty members and non-teaching staffs of the department of
Science.
We are thankful to Mr. Basudev khatri, Department of physics, Mr. Sachin Pariyar, lab
technician, Mr. Anil Giri, librarian who help in this work.
Our special thanks goes to our thesis mates and colleagues (Mr. Jeevan Chaudhary who helps
by providing additional requirement of this project.)
Table of content
Topics
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Objective
1.3 Limitation
2. Study Area
3. Materials and Methodology
3.1 Selection of Study Area
3.2 Field visit
3.3 Data Collection
4. Result
5. Discussion and conclusion
Abstract
Dhakeri is a locality in Nepal. Dhakeri is situated nearby to Rampur, and close to Khairi.
Mainly in this paper we had discussed about the climates and soils that had found in dhakeri.
We had also discussed about the factors that influences both climate and soil. To find the
climatic and edaphic condition in Dhakeri.Certain time to explore that Dhakeri area.
We can explore many more herbivores plants like Preserved species of plants and herbs include
Sarpagandha, Kuchila, Shreekhanda, Sikkakai, Apamarga, Bojho, Bel, Amala, Karilo, Betlauri,
Aank, Rajbriksh, Kali Musli, Tejpat, Sitalchini, Sontata, Sindur, Khayer, Anantamul, Gudmar,
Simaltarul, Bijayasal, Satisal, Arjun and Gurjo etc. For more information, we can read this
paper.
1. Introduction
Climate is the average weather in a place over many years. While the weather can change in
just a few hours, climate takes hundreds, thousands, even millions of years to change. The term
“climate” refers to the average weather phenomena in a selected place, a large region or across
the entire globe over a period of at least 30 years. This time span is defined as a climate normal.
Since it covers a large timescale, climate is a slow, more stable system. Changes occur, but at a
slower pace, and the fluctuation range is likewise considerably narrower. The climate is
determined by a variety of factors.
Soil is the loose surface material that covers most land. It consists of inorganic particles and
organic matter. Soil provides the structural support to plants used in agriculture and is also their
source of water and nutrients.
Soils vary greatly in their chemical and physical properties. Processes such as leaching,
weathering and microbial activity combine to make a whole range of different soil types. Each
type has particular strengths and weaknesses for agricultural production.
1.1 Background
The prevailing climate of our planet is determined by the following physical factors:
Atmosphere
The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere plays an important role in the average
global temperature.
Sun
Star in the center of our solar system. Its radiation emission is subject to fluctuations.
Ocean
Currents such as the Gulf Stream transport vast amounts of energy and the climate of entire
regions.
Atmospheric circulation
This distributes gas, water and energy within the atmosphere and defines the regional climate
above all.
Soil conditions and vegetation determine how much radiation is absorbed by the earth’s
surface.
Tectonics
The movement of land masses affects how much radiation falls on ocean areas and how much
on land masses. Ocean areas absorb more warmth than land masses.
Earth’s orbit around the sun changes over about 100,000 years. It starts o rounder and
becomes more elliptical.
Precession
In about 21,000 years, Earth’s axis rotates once like a spinning top round the vertical axis.
The soils are strongly acidic (pH < 4.5), acidic (pH 4.5 – 5.5), slig htly acidic (pH 5.6 – 6.5), neutral
KCL KCL KCL
C. Soil temperature
Temperature is one of the most important edaphic factors determining the limits of microbial
develop-ment because groups of microorganisms grow at the optimal temperature, and after
exceeding this limit their growth is terminated. Climate change, including an increase in
1.2 Objectives
The main aim to carry out this research work is to know about the climate and soil found in
Dhakeri, Banke. In addition to clarify above statement, a point is mentioned below;
2.1 Introduction
Banke is bordered on the west by Bardiya district. Rapti zone's Salyan and Dang
Deukhuri Districts border to the north and east. To the south lies Uttar Pradesh, India, a
country in Asia; specifically Shravasti and Bahraich districts of Awadh. East of
Nepalganj the international border follows the southern edge of the Dudhwa Range of
the Siwaliks. The beauty of the botanical garden situated at Dhakeri along the East-West
Highway seldom escapes the view of passersby. The garden is 26-kilometers away from the
sub-metropolitan city of Nepalgunj. About 160 meters above the sea level and expanding over
five hectares, the garden serves as a place to conduct botanical studies, and survey and
preservation on medicinal herbs. we can explore many more herbivores plants like
Preserved species of plants and herbs include Sarpagandha, Kuchila, Shreekhanda,
Sikkakai, Apamarga, Bojho, Bel, Amala, Karilo, Betlauri, Aank, Rajbriksh, Kali Musli,
Tejpat, Sitalchini, Sontata, Sindur, Khayer, Anantamul, Gudmar, Simaltarul, Bijayasal,
Satisal, Arjun and Gurjo etc and also we can also explore climatic and edaphic
condition found in Dhakeri botanical garden since there are many distribution in this
things and also we cannot believe that there are some herbivores plants that cannot
found in terai region but in that botanical garden we can also find that types of
herbivores plants.
The Dhakeri botanical garden is the most important garden which is very
beautiful. We all visiedt Dhakeri which is located in terai region, since it is
popular for the herbivores plants.
4.2 Field visit
We visited that area on 28th falgun, we can aspect that there is too much
enjoyable things is happened we can easily explore many herbs like
Sarpagandha, Kuchila, Shreekhanda, Sikkakai, Apamarga, Bojho, Bel,
Amala, Karilo, Betlauri, Aank, Rajbriksh, Kali Musli, Tejpat, etc.
While collecting the data we use both primary and secondary collection.
a) Primary data
In primary data collection we ask some question to Suraj
Regmi (local people) and Lila Bahadur K c (worker).
b) Secondary data
In secondary data collection we collect some data by reading
various articles in websites.
5. Result
In dhakeri, we can observe many climatic factors that directly affect the climate.
Here the given bar diagram show the rainfall that occurs in this area.
Besides this fact we are also able to complete our task, we found a climatic and edaphic
condition in dhakeri i.e, soil is good and that soil is best for many herbivores plants and
also he says that there is very hot climate in mainly chaitra and baishakh, there isn’t
take rainfall in winter season but in rainy season rainfall take place in huge amount.
We are also able to find some herbs like Sarpagandha, Kuchila, Shreekhanda, Sikkakai,
Apamarga, Bojho, Bel, Amala, Karilo, Betlauri, Aank, Rajbriksh, Kali Musli, Tejpat,
Sitalchini, Sontata, Sindur, Khayer, Anantamul, Gudmar, Simaltarul, Bijayasal, Satisal,
Arjun and Gurjo,etc.
6. Discussion and conclusion
Dhakeri is one of the best botanical garden in Lumbini province, there is good
environment and also there are many herbivores plants i.e, there are altogether 385
herbivores plants. We can also easily learn that herbivores plants by touching and
seeing them. Not only that we can also gain a good experience about these
herbivores plants.
We had exlored many climatic and edaphic factor that directly cause that dhakeri
botanical garden. We also say that it was the best place for botanical tour which we
feel very exciting before visit there and we feel enjoyable after visiting there. At
last we would like say that, Dhakeri is one of the best botanical garden where there
are many herbs and If time will free for us to visit that botanical garden then again
we will visit that garden. Thank you.