Sana'a Universi Electrical B b | tion system a ‘Ng. Department ie sm 2018/2019 Q: @) iain steps that power syste plainer have to concede and briefly discus one of them. (b) Discuss the importance of load forecasting on the power system planning, (c) Using your own words explain the difference between Shot range and long-range planning 24d) Why the new technologies in the area of power generation need to be examined when thinking about long-range planning? (©) Why adding new large generation power plant takes very ong time? QQ: de (a) When considering reliability of power system in What terms we measure it? ~() Looking at your answer of part (a) compare the readability of the secondary selective system with X that of the spot system. (6) Sketch the primary selective system and explain how It works, (@) Discuss the differences between the redial distribution system and the secondary selective distribution system in terms of capital and operation cost, ordination”. Discuss, 5 {b) ig, Q (3) below shows a small distribution system Which feeds two groups of motors GM 1 and GM 2. GM I consists of 4 motors each of f 2 MVA and GM 2 consists of 4 motors each of 1 MVA. If the 11 kV switchgear MVA fault level is 350 MVA determine the following: i, Will the 11 kV switchgear withstand the fault on the 11 kV bus bar? ii, Will the motors be able to'reacctlerate ifthe reacceleration voltage of the motors is 80%? 33 kV, me co 10 MVA X=5% 10 MVA X=5% / +nnaleis) (wi) x Mo 2mvA = BmUA 4 Fig. Q (3): Small Distribution System CamScanner ~2 Qa : | a) Discus how the transmission line cost \ Gina atoons forthe fllowing effects the selection Of the transmission voltage... i. Overloading of power distribut ini ras ba pee po von cables and transformers in industrial distribution system step up transfor are is pol ‘ P transformers are used t0 rise the voltage at the power plant to high or even extra ¢ Exess capacity in an interc, iii, The onnected i heb, | power system has to equal the size ofthe largest. iv. For short distances HVDC transmission line cost is higher. than AC. transmis becomes cheaper for very long distances, eas (©) When would it be necessary to use the following and why? i, HVDC transmission instead of AC transmission, Current limiting device. Equipment rating with over loading not more than 110%. Q65): Fig, Q (6) shows supply arrangement for the loads given in Table (5.1) Determine the following: (a) Without going into detailed calculatior / N: oppropriAte i. Using Table (52) select a-peasate Lenstorcr rating ii, Discus the drawback of the Suggested Design shown in Fig. Q (5). (©) Suggest a distribution arrangement to overcome the drawback of the Design given in Fig. Q (5). Fig. Q (5): Suggested Distribution System Table (5.1): Load Data ‘Voltage (kV) Importance | Characteristic | Load type e 33 1000 [important __,. Normal [Static 33 1200... [Not important {Normal “— Static & a 33 2000; important ~ Very sensitive tatio~ \ 33] 2500 Notimportant_ Normal = [Dynamjc o 33___| 3000 _[imponant jormal Dynamic 33 *.3500° 35 Ratia | Impedance 5% on rating } s 333.3 kV. CamScanner 3 li92 4>s.uaallSana’a Unive: Electrical En Fi sity Distribution system Department Final Examination 2019/2029 cond term ‘Time: 2 Hours al Year ~ Se, QW): Write short notes on the (@)_No load operation cost, (©) Load management, (©) Spot distribution system, (@) Load forecasting, (©) Power system reliability following Q @): Give reasons for the following and support your answer by example: (8) Electrical power supplier has to do short term planning, (b) Sometimes Engineers recommend radial distribution system. (©) Power system is composed of several voltage levels. (gd) Power is not transmitted at low voltage, * (©) Coordination with transmission and distribution planning is important when planning for generation. Q @): Fig. Q @) shows a small distribution system which feeds two groups of motors. MG I consists of 2 motors each of 5 MVA and GM 2 consists of 4 motors each of 2 MVA. Ifthe 1 kV switchgear MVA fault level is 350 MVA determine the following: i. Calculate fault level on the 11 kV bus bar. : ‘ Will the motors be able to reaccelerate if the reacceleration voltage of the motors is 80%? iii, Comment on the results of (). Infeed 1000 MVA 33 kV 10 MVA. X= 10% 7 I 1kV i 1 © Q @): Small pistribution System ayleldinll et, issn. CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaallS given in Tabte (4.1) leulatio ; sel ‘ + Discus the drawibaek orn eoPtiate tran: mine the following: . sformer rating, 'e Suggested Des i he ign shown in Fig. Q (4). in Fig. Q " arrangement to overcome the drawback of the Suggested Design given 33 kV. bus 3 Se bus 1 33KkV bus 2 @®® i323 2). Fig. Q (4): Suggested Distribution System ‘Table (4.1): Load Data [[S.nto"[ Voltage (eV) [Load (evA)| Importance | Gharactoroiie T 33 1000. [important jormal 2 3.3 1200 jot important [Normal 33 2000 Important ‘ery sensitive E RES 2500 _ Wot important [Normal $ a3 3000. Important“ [Normal 6 3.3 3500- lot important [Normal—~ } 7 3.3 2500" [important [Causes fluctuation [Dynamic 1 Table Q (4.2): Available Transformers Ratins Kv MVA Impedance 33/3.3 kV 1, 2.5, 6, 8 and 10 5% on rating CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaallGive reasons with brie: 4. Sometime devi b. Primary selectiy & Voltage profile and stabilit cAistances to connect a remot HVDC is recommended for interconnected + points is so smal, © DC lines are difficult to tap, 2.1 A distribution transformer has 12 house, DF is 0.6, and diversity factor is 1.15, a. Find the diversified demand of the grou b. What is the recommendeil size for the dist Question No. 3): Given a circuit breaker interru fe system fee Final Yar ‘Times 3:06 strs Oct, 29, 2017 explanation for the following: es/eonductors with higher capacity are used! to ceduce the overall cost ders have to be routed carefully, ty ate (wo problems appenred when using AC transmission for long te station to a load center, * system where the vector displacement between two, before designing the residential customers connected to it. Connected load is 20 kW per of 12 houses on the transformer, tribution transformer? 1000 MVA infeed ipting and momentary rating in the table below: re ‘Phase’ Symipieuiieal pte iiptitie: Capability [Beet FES Maxie CS MEK = 4.76 kV 12 kA 15 kA 38K A Verify the adequacy of the ratings for the system without motor loads 3750 va AAA shown in Fig, (Q-3) for 3. the transformer, g.uaallee 1a University “i Soe Final Gar aculty of Engineering Time: 3:00 Sirs Electrical Eng. Dept, Oct, 29, 2017 Final Axam in Electrical Power Transmission of Distribution Question No. (4): Design a radial distcibution system for the following small fi © $ motors each 415 V, 450 hp, 0.8 PF, 90% efficiency with © 415 V, 1.6 MVA static loads. ‘Supply available is 33 KV AV 100d MVA anit lever teed. sii Following tables may help you: ‘ ctory. The fond consists of: 10% reneceleration voltage Table (1): Available transform« ae [STR ee Cabael Bt | 5,75, 10& 20 MYA [TioAis | 300, 500, 750 & |___-_|_ 1000, 1500 kVA 10% on rating 8 & 10% on rating Table (@): Available switchgear MVA fault levels E MVA Tule fevel jge evel ad: Po AL “1900 & 1500 VA | ‘e 250 & 350 MVA 2000 A | Toad curren aakV | Tk 415 KV Good Luck. iii iia CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaall4 University Ctrical Eng. Department inal Year— Second term Distribution system Final Examination 2014/2015 ‘Time: 2:30 Hours QI): (a) Briefly, discus the operation cost of a Power system, (b) Which distribution arran; rhe (©) “Power delivery system i ii, gement would incur the lowest operation cost and why? fs composed of several levels”, Discus the following: Size of installed capacity of each level, Reliability of lower levels. (@) Compare the secondary selective arrangement with primary loop arrangement from the point of maintainability. Qa): (2) Explain, briefly, the variation of transmission line capital and operation cost with system voltaze. (b) Give reasons with brief explanation for the following: In primary selective arrangement, double circuit should not be on one set of tower, ii, When deciding equipment ratings for distribution networks, it is advised to reduce variety of ratings. Transformer over loading at temperature of 10° is different from that at 30°, ‘Transformers with higher reactance is used to reduce MVA fault level. Surge Impedance Loading may be used as a measure of the transmission capacity of a line. iii, iv, v. 3): ‘ : a bus bar is to be used to feed sets of motors that has starting current of 3.5 X full load current and motors can reaccelerate with 80% voltage. What is the largest motor that can be fed from this bus bar if: .350 MVA switchgear. : : (a) Maximum available switchgear MVA Sait 250 MVA. i ble switchgear MVA fault is ; : @ Without ge ae Joutled calculation, what will be changed if motors will reaccelerate with 85% voltage? 2 (Oe washed shet,3 altemative disvibution system design forthe loads given inthe table are suggcsted What would be your response for the following: : Siena tt al a would Se our recommendation it you were allowed to modify any one ofthe 3 designs? (e) Would you 2021.6.15 22:09 CamScanner +Voltage] Load | tag (ky) Type $00 | Static 2 800 | Static 3: [33 [i201 staie 4 {733 | 1700] static 5 3.3. | 3200 | Dynamic 6 | 33 | 3400 | Dynamic 7 33. | 3500 | Dynamic 8 3.3_| 4000 | Dynamic 9 [11 | 6000 | Dynamic 10 1L_| 7000 | Dynamic i 11 |10000] Dynamic 2 11 |11000] Dynamic Loads data aaKv “sw | | CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaallSana'a University Elect. Eng. Dept Electrical drives Faculty of Engineering, 5!" year power &rnachine lowed Tine: 3 hours Qx: a) Draw the block diagram and write the transfer function («lV & co/T) of closed loop speed control of a separate exited de motor has an armature resistance Tm Q, armature inductance Ly H, field current If, back emf constant Ky and friction constant B. 5) A SO KW, 240 V and 1700 rpm separately excited de motor controlled by a converter with closed loop. The field current is kept constant at 1.4 A and the back emf constant is 0.91 V/a-rad/s, ‘The atmature resistance is 0.1 ohm and the viscous iction constant is 0.3 Nun/rad/s. the gain of speed sensor is 0.095 V/rad/s and the gain of power controlier is 100. Determine: a- The rated torque of the motor b- The reference voltage to drive the motor at the rated speed ; | & Ifthe reference voltage unchanged, find the speed at the rated torque | 4: If the load torque increased by 10% of the rated value, find the motor speed Qe: a) A 6 pulse converter connected to 415 V ac supply is controlling a 440 V de motor, Find the angle at which the converter must be triggered so that the voltage drop in the circuit is 10% of the motor rated voltage. b) A 230-V de shunt motor has an armature-cirouit resistance of 0.23 9. When operating from a 230-V supply and driving a constant-orque load, the motor is Observed to be drawing an armature current of 60 A. An external resistance of 1.0.2 is now inserted in series with the armature while the shunt field current is unchanged, Neglecting the effects of rotational losses and armature reaction, calculate a) the resultant armature curtent and b) the fractional speed change of the motor, Qu: a) in speed control methods of the induction motor 1+ Which methods resulted in reduced air- gap flux | 2- Which methods resulted in high starting torque se | 2 4 pole delta connected b) A three — phase 11.2 Kw 1750rpm 460 V 60 Hz 4 po ‘ induction motor has the following parameters Ry =0, R, =0.38 ohin, X, =1.14 chm, X-0 end X,, =33.2 ohm. The motor controlled by varying the supply frequency, If breek down torque requirement 35 N.m. CamScanner bi92 4>s.uaallSete zi —— Sana’a Univ —~—. ersity fare Hee Elect, ti Eng. Dept Faculty of Engineering ectrical drives i 5" year power &machine a Allowed Time: 3 hours © supply frequen b- Find the Speed Om at ©-What do 17 2" term cy. the maximum torque, You conclude if break do a-Determine th WH torque inere ¢ than base maximum ra)F ei 7 ee Ore three phase industion motor, deduce the relation of the slip for maximum b) A three phase 40hp, 880rpm,60H eight- pole wye-connected induction ‘Motor has the following parameters: Ry=0.190, X,=1.20, R,=0.220, X,=1.80, and Xn=13Q. The no load losses are ignored. The motor is controlled by a current. Source inverter and the input current is maintained constant at $0 A. Ifthe frequency | is 40Hz and the developed torque is 200N.m, deterinine: (1) the slip (2) the slip at | maximum torque (3) the maximum torque (4) the terminal voltage per phase (5) the | power factor ess | Qs: a) Draw the equivalent circuit of the four — quadrant transistorized chopper drive b) A 30hp 440 V 2000 rpm separately excited motor DC controls a load requiring a torque of Ty, = 50 Num at 1200 rpm..The field circuit resistance is Ry =2940, the armature circuit resistance is Ra =0.120 and the motor voltage constant is ky =0.7032V/A- rad/s. The field voltage is Vr—440V, The losses are negligible. The armature current may be assumed continuous and ripple free, Determine: a-The back emf b-The required armature voltage c-The rated armature current of the motor d-The speed regulation at full load The questions are finished, Best wishes Ula sha Usha Uta Ahyy Elo A pyLSS a Sana'a University Faculty of Engineering Elect, Eng, Dept si'year power &maching Allowed Time: 3 hour Electrical drives Final exam of 2012/2013 2 term Qu: Complete the missing word/phrase/sentence a Types of braking for DC motor 1. - The possible control modes of a de chopper drives is, The stator voltage in the three — phase induction motor can be varied by we) 0 g three ~ phase Lonnunew 2 The advantages of Volts/Hertz control are ~ The slip at which rotor current maximum is Qu: a) An armature of separate excited DC motor is connected to full - wave single — phase AC/DC thyristor converter. Assume that the armature current is DC with free ripple, draw sketch of the schematic diagram of the converter and armature circuit and draw sketches of the waveforms of armature voltage and supply ra . Voltage. ® current. b) A 30hp 440 V 2000 rpm separately excited motor DC controls a load requiring a torque of Ti = 85 N.m at 1200 rpm. The field circuit resistance is Rr £2940, the armature circuit resistance Is Ra =0.120 and the motor voltage constant is ky =0.7032V/A- rad/s. The field voltage is Vr=440V. The losses are negligible. The armature current may be assumed continuous and ripple free. Determine a-The back emf b-The required armature voltage c-The rated armature current of the motor d-The speed regulation at full load es in regenerative braking through a chopper i upply. The de supply voltage is 600V. The connecting bervee ee eed esstanceR=0.050, The backemt aula ofthe motor ky =12mV/A-rad/see. The average armature current is oan a meanest 1, =350A, The armature current may be assumed ae aa ripple free. If the duty cycle of the chopper is 50%, Qs: A DC series motor operat 9 gual CamScanner +a-The ay avera BE Voltage 8Cross the chopper = er Fegenerative tothe pc “The Equivalent load resist -The pow, Supply ‘ance of the €-The mini 1 Motor acting as a genera The minimum permissibl generator le brakin e-Th ig Speed ga i aximum permissible braking speed {The motor speed Qs: 8) prove that the rotor b)A three — g.uaallProtection systems Final examination Sana'a university Faculty of engineering Electrical Eng, department ; 2014-2015 Fifth year (power) —— * Allowed time 3 hours Answer all questions, Question 4 ‘A. What are the requirements of protection system? Explain each requirement with the help of drawings. » &. What are the advantages of electronic rlays over the olecromechanical relays? S- A411 ky feeder supplies a load of 300 A at 0.8 lagging power factor, a CT Is connacted in Series with it, the CT has the following data: CT ratio is 300/5, CT burden 10 VA, Km #250 0, Re = 1. Draw the equivalent circuit, uw 50 , Rez 0.2.0. Determine the secondary current of CT, the ratio error, phase error and composite error, I. Draw the phasor diagram, IV. Why the secondary winding of CT must not be open while the primary winding is energized? explain your answer with the help of calculation. ‘A. Draw the main two schemes of over-current protection and explain the principles of their operations. B. Whats mean by the overreach of the relay? How it can be avoided in high set instantaneous over-current protection of feeders? ©. For the radial system shown on the figure: 1. Design an over-current protection (.2. determine the PS and TMS forall relay) Using electromechanical relay. I. Check the selectivity of the protection system for a fault of S000 A occurs at point F. Ill, If there is one high set relay, where it should installed? Why? What should be its getting? Show the jmprovement gained by i. fy 4 —T+ Yo CT B00 50015 3008 Max. fault level A [ 6000 3500 2500 : [Peed ourrent A 630 450 250 Tye) taba Ne CamScanner li92 4>s.uaallsana‘a university -aculty of engineering Electrical Eng, department Fifth year (power) I Protection systems Final examination 2014-2015, 1.112015, a me scheme for this type of protection and explain its Principle C. Athree-phase star connected Synchronous generator of rating 20 MVA, 11 kv is protected by sn earth fault relay having 150 A setting, f the neutral Fesistance limits the maximum earth fault current to 40% of full load current: |. Determine the percentage of the winding protected, MW. If the installed CT ratio is 500/5, Sy =15, find the Percentage of winding protect The excitation characteristic of the CT is given by: V = 20 le Il. Draw the arrangement of protection system, Question 4 : A What are the factors affecting the differential protection design for three-phase power transformer connected in Y/A.? How they can be overcome? B. Fora three phase power transformer have the following data: S= 100 MVA, 132/33, Y-o/A, |. Design a differential protection for the transformer, |, Draw the protection system arrangement showing your results on it. Ill, The transformer has also 0.C earth fault and restricted earth fault (REF) protections, show only by drawings the arrangements of the two protections? IV. If EF primary current is 200 A, check the performance of both protections. Given installed: CT.s 400/5, All relay used are electromechanical, OC EF relay PS= 25%, REF relay setting I= 200 mA, magnetizing current for all transformers assumed constant: [<= 250 mA. oily Clay Rr oe D.Eng. / Amin Mahyob CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaall TSRDepartment of E. E, Subject: Power System Protection Final Exam 2013 Qi a Digital Distance Protection has more than 15 features, List five of them at is the purpose of Negative sequence protection? Draw a circuit demonstrating its operation principle : ©) () Write what you know about optical CT's. ( the reason to use capacitive VT. (tii) Fora capacitive VT calculate Cy, if: Vj 8 uF Q2 11 KV feeder has an earth fuulteleetro-mechanical O.C. relay having plug setting of 20%, 8) Calculate effective PS b) If the earth fault current at the primary cireuit is 225 A, Show by means of calculation if the relay would operate as a result of this fault current or not. ©) Ifthe relay wouldn't operate suggest remedial action, Given: CT is 300/5 ; burden - $= 5 VA; CT exiting Current Characteristic is shown nearby. Q3 a) Compare High Impedance (HI) Differential relay with Low Impedance Biased differential relay b) Calculate maximum extemal fault current for HI differential relay at which it remains stable if CT: 400/1; Rc + Ret = 1.0; Va=60V; [n= 45 mA; Ry= 7002. c) If HT relay mentioned in Q.3 (b) is installed for restricted earth fault protection of a transformer, calculate minimum fault current setting, assuming CT's magnetizing current, (Ie) = 50 mA. Q4 ‘ ; ; a) For heavy loaded long transmission lines 3 zone of Distance protection could be instable. : i) Why? ii) How could this problem be solved? ; ; b) The comparator equations given below are related to a3 zones Distance Relay which protects a transmission line. Eq3 s $2 = 0.754)3+Z Eq. Eq.2 7 S1=j12;$2=Z Sp =j21;S2=Z 8 + 7.5430- +) Draw comesponding relay characteristics in Z_Plane (used seale should be 30 dem | ii ‘ognize obtained Figure? : 2a oni inpedance Z;~ 5415 show which zones shal operate? | iy) Draw S; and Sz victors in all zones for given fault impedanes CamScanner +