ECAS

1. Celts
- A peace-loving agricultural people.
2. Earl
- The ruling class.
3. Beowulf
- The only full-length folk epic that has survived in English literature.
4. Hrothgar
- King of Danes
5. Priest
- A teacher, an intellectual interested in literature.
6. Idiom/s
- An expression that does not mean what it literally says.
7. Ballad
- A poem that tells a story.
8. Lord Randal
- The girl in this poem poisons her lover by giving him poisonous snakes to eat.
9. Knight
- Not only a warrior but also a lover.
10. Thomas Malory
- “Father of Courtesy”
11. Canterbury Tales
- A collection of brief narratives written in poetry and cleverly arranged in a framework.
12. Poison
- What did he buy in the apothecary?
13. Comedy
- Drama in which the characters are placed in humorous, comic situations.
14. Pitch
- The highness or lowness of sound.
15. End of the World
- Crack of doom.
16. Rosalind’s Madrigal
- A man’s hopeless love for a girl.
17. Francis Bacon
- Most significant philosopher and prose writer of his age.

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18. Clipping
- Word formation process where a word is reduced or shortened without changing the
meaning of the word.
19. Thanksgiving Day
- A national holiday in the United States every November.
20. William Blake
- Was the son of a London tradesman.
21. Prefix
- Part of the word that goes before the main part of the word..
22. Suffix
- It is added to the end of the word.
23. Matriarch
- Root word for Matriarchy
24. William Wordsworth
- England’s greatest poet of nature
25. Percy Shelley
- A great nature lover, like Wordsworth; Also drowned at the age of thirty while boating in
the sea off Italy.
 GRAMMAR ESSENTIALS
1. Early Greeks
- They used only capital letters.
2. Dot/Period
- Punctuation mark used to separate declarative sentences.
3. First Word
- What should be capitalized in a sentence?
4. Punctuation Marks
- Symbols that organize written ideas.
5. Period
- Use this after writing abbreviations of titles, geographical terms, or initials.
6. Comma
- It is used to separate coordinate adjectives that appear before a noun and are not joined
by and.
7. Semicolon
- It is used with coordinate clauses without conjunction.
8. Colon
- It is used to introduce a formal appositive for a more dramatic effect.
9. Run-On Sentences
- Sentences that are not properly joined or separated.
10. Realism
- In a story, it is achieved when characters themselves speak in direct quotations.
11. Apostrophe
- Used with possessive nouns and the word sake, contractions, and showing ownership.
12. Hyphen
- Used when writing numbers, prefixes and suffixes.
13. Exclamation Point
- It is used after an exclamatory sentence or sentence element.
14. S-V Agreement
- Basic rule where subjects and verbs must agree in number.
15. “french fries”
- How do you capitalize “french fries?”
16. Lt. Col.

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 - Abbreviation for Lieutenant Colonel.
17. mid-December, anti-Islamic, pro-Muslim
- How to use a hyphen in words consisting of prefixes with a capitalized root word?

18. One-fourth
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- Write in words that are used as adjectives.
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19. Quotation Marks
- It is used to represent a person’s exact speech or thoughts.
20. Question Marks
- Used to end an interrogative sentence.
21. Acronyms
- Abbreviations that are pronounced as words. It is not required to be punctuated.
22. Comma
- Used to separate paired words that are treated as a single item.
23. Ph.D.
- Abbreviation for Doctor of Philosophy.
24. Past Situations (Past Tense)
- Andrew lived in Australia in his last years. (existed over a period of time in the past)
25. Regular or Habitual Actions (Present Tense)
- I visit Spain every three years. (done regularly or habitually)