22 | O UsgolGl Wo:) Sajaal Glayaoll vizoll gino] oll vandal thousand | oi.¢ ui SIMTORTHERT — Org ty passport pies Ohloh @ AS jy iareceaee pee el tocerry F nea abl « aod « Jas renee s ging che glad dl eto | tl neea aa ] ohgie in need of | ara foaarena occ au au BU gb5 BS impetus, mative | ales ¢ ails the world, this world Saeed ae Ts : wa behavior tn general gl wack bche Sas act (of behavior. action : | Gb @ Ghd necessary z : S29,0 | tose sail Eee! ete gisgmba Ma! rich ile wale pride = = proud of 1 eed poor 1B ¢| we woes tomean, intend aimat | 2a aaEl» vizoll LX oll yoliut dignity to grow up: to arise? | lwecea adver ec else sift, present Su Lae homeland = : citlzen Oxlds--@ Hgblgs to stop intransitive) Note on Vocabulary Usage 1. The verb LES . 185 has slightly different meanings depending on whether it is used for human beings or abstract nouns. When used in reference to human beings, this verb means ‘o grow ap, and often occurs in conjunction with another, related verb, such as U5: When it is used with a nonhuman, abstract subject, UES usually means 1» arive wkae gol US Ls shag DE Ls AA G2 Geils ygxd duds Ie]22 | ©) Usailisa gots wl | ohé | bel Ello ala cael ccabs | eabsl bs che hel ae wy | ee [bel ghd lst forbes eabeh Sighs! 153) ths | ghee Es deyall ga AE dglars I gil) oO (Cul 96) days GlapAoll 1) Gyo rAlee US g Bguadl Dlo,dbl ye duulte dal Ig! i) aise] tauly de 2d) Ua) Nie 3 Basle Jl edi pa! Cond ema dT dgy2ds dayall Glaldl 3 yell go 85 ill Jo iS jad WS JI Bley, deal ey gl 920 bale acy Al yayAll add [rf2 | i?) Lasjsi gia Uo 'Y dajaaJl layaoll gaol goliul Iwas taken te. [used in writing) hhumman being, (pL people tobe completed torun L oe ants olay Guad 4 dual feeling that. How beautifulis.! to choose Jeey hey BEM « gUisg « HEL choice embassy ae ob g bis wfvizoll yinoll | polit vans pile chile | Jbl g 5/Jab Toask of [someone toy ie rr ‘elle CO) lbs | SD bey | Lt ls) ge ce oh edb itwas accepted Jerusalem to present eg. sift, report, application) (i) is just ke . topass, pass by financial connections, inluentiat contacts, situationele» Note on Vocabulary Usage 1. SS or SiS as if introduces an idea that might seem as if it were true but is not. It must be followed bya aval alae: es WSs) aT ois Che Geb UB dep Che Ea) Shor bade ptyel 515(s) bg5 Soleus Cyat BP | OC usailisalgolsi EsLAoII asl = Ossb23 lost) ||al» The verb Gud Ga Jud provides a good model for the conjugation of LARAL! ill Since the conjugation of ¢ jLaM is the same as for regular verbs, you can focus on learning gUbl, which is the stem that varies between spoken and formal Arabic': “There are two main points that you should be aware of regarding the conjugations and patterns of these verbs: 1."The goth! conjugation of these verbs differs slightly between dyalally .,-uaill, You saw this above in the conjugation charts of ja>/ Jarl. The important thing to remember is simply to learn both basic stems of gSlb), one for pf 6 9 and one for gos gis] Cl Ul Gust as you do for verbs whose middle radial is 9 or g, like JIS CaS). Since you know a number of these stems, you can use any one of them as a model. 2a very formal Arabic, Lal! of these verbs can have a da ending father chan a sukwun) on ¢a5edh “Thus, in folly voweled formal Arabic, you may see or heat forms such as Cia or 3 §. The doad serves here to prevent a sukuun from occurring on a shadda, something not permitted by the rules of formal Arabic, because it would result in too many consonants in a row.” For full conjugations of Usa! Jedll in all persons, see the “Lise! Jill Doubled Verbs” in the Appendix, "The stem of gLatlis regular forall verbs except the forms ofthe {Lal 3! gar, the feminine human plural, which you wil learn in Lesson 7. in Classical Arabic, and, especially in postry, an alternative form of ¢s;atl also occurs in which the sukuun is retained but the doubled consonant splits. For example, 5 ¢ would be j5¢ . You should be aware ofthis variant so that you can recognize iRtwhen you see it. [et~ | OD Autoitl Sels5q Bulg CLioIl ‘These exists some variation ia the spelling of numbers in the hundreds, starting with the number te itself, which has an old (but not obsolete) spelling of ale, Writing out the numbers in this way is itself uncommon, of course, but if you see them, they are likely to look like those in the table that follows. Listen to the audio as you read. Vee (le gs) Hes Peeed ate senate Ave Fie | Ah | (at oe) agile ee ces ie (Ble gud) Araseuss ies ul i a Ye ceil ol Hi. oui ce a ro wick | ai ob asi B35 (Ble Cou) Stan \ ene) ler $$$ When giving or reading a date or any number over 1+» in Arabic, the order of the constituent parts differs slightly from that of English: Thousands followed by hundreds, then ones and, finally, tens. Remember to say 9 between each part of the number, as shown in these examples: Gilt BW Hailets ai (pls) | ar pis daayly Eazatig Hi (le) | Ve GBEg ouly Haxaig (gle) | arv (play dayung Etaruidg Hi (ele) | 140 Aaucig Gill (le) | ve-8 J |Bl» yell casi) Samy sling” sgl IAD Ulu Tea GI Cae “ge gg? JI age Ga vat Lia dst cding “SpSy lad cysLecil pgelagl Guat) Gy Aneleal SLL of pl Cane gad) Gill JI Gavel shill lyodd La GbLe VI pass Agila! 453 pal iad te goo pa i Jl Fags eV i pe pl abe aa Syaal galoug Para ple! pe Sb db asl dle Gene! gasutll gly goles! qSlul! lpull dy 8! DLW Syengil | (1), TBS dhge G yentll Ma addy gil Gblgall ABIL seb A829 ashy B29 ybhAgo (Gailey sonbll J) dpledl GS! godt asl aT Logs Gos) Lys Giga AUST Slegko Bia obge ge Cau) thar gill lal 2 G8 ol jad ab 08 Bade J bless spss Ge gsi » gf dail Ble J gobs 9 td oe a8 ge ples acd g LeSg5 lau Gully Beem dy WSg Calgiw dunad Gyo US Le dele dys Saute |(Y) lS Cugily pie Aeylal! pas Caly OI ts ddl] Ly Se i GS aghaitine J add dey Jo Uganuly dncladl Hoye JbSY alail CoS Lull! Jota Bg Ue S| guid SEM jaaly Sues! Qubbloll MY ais Y Olealed! gl catergs ES all Veal) And, dll BLL VY} Qoysd Y aaletly Cbealed! guar Gy «ibs Ul eo! Vp bugis G0 JBI Lily Ayo gb clin giyl dis Lm Las! $54b) Gulé gd Qala! abl ya V8 duealy Bolg Ge lls Hale Zag gl fe Ugecodl Y gable Jae J Ged: of Ayyall AAW dalso J Gaby Labo Vo lgileole> @ ALS UWS Glo Lydd yd Cute aI) Sid Hla GKe CoS Ol Ayjleuy) we‘ONLINE NETWORK Ob Aas) ybpdtal Vo [patie as Vy bey eLLal Yo Sor ol ellal ¥ sued Uly tba Gls UT aul JS oi Lode Y ll Za SU of sot ole walle hata takes ol Shi! ws I cash Y BA Glas] Uatias cal S Heiny ho did gS al Uasls La pS al ple! V bly deal) gala! yds fb Sell Yo dy dS Yl Seg Ghd b a90 gl golasdl Usted) oS, 6 tel Abell CS] pally Aa hI Bled! AIK WSs ST eds Go BS el IS Led gab Gsdedl BE J sblye Sl Gy2d aed! gab Wid cbs cl} sled) go UL ala! US elekeahl Uaily SEVIg GLY le tel Zl! lp all Nigl eles aw Cyaty Sbelalls Cad ST US cy Vo Sled dageeog sl) dob! 0 bin (lke ile Gh Lalo dg8l LS Gabalill Job Lie bs 581 Sell Ue do aed) gal lass ge a Ge Saye lybl planed gala Call 5 980 Cally Boasts 35 Lee! Sorell hel de eae GUI LU! nS le geno Jayelyy dusil of dz ,dll Jol! Ul] Shall Ugh Abuse All SW pall quel qalecll GY egLY quletll yod Gael Ue Ugacly dow ye diy yb dagy2 WS JS dow pL) Bolly qMally gulls gall WS J} Lal Spd! SL g SL! agola¥l Jebel 9a Syergi! Glial 98) Go Ol gal bIIUs oles Glog) aay 90 bs Leto Syzall BygS zalgo dhs goal yo le algal! ql Go goles aS! bs 3S aye) Gies Ny clad! le ploy wala IS so G Meg dy ,ally yell Ws Byegll S49 ley LAI Go ols B Leleze Vl gf & il ale ae gy) dll db G Slosk pla Ue 3 OF Gs gal Cha QU Gly GSH oohisttal O95 OF G52 sl pelea OLE Ay Sally Alia)! djlze gai) zus! psguall ga Och ble Jo |& ge aly ] Os8lll By Lulu] J! pgin dew sole ayye aby ge eral aphe pli ge ly wb Y 5955 egies D559 WN tall puted Ao Iglar deel! di Ge ph ito Hy dbs Acta! MU] odo A Igdy old Spl! WI Lal ASLAN! Godel Ge logby pudlly Just YJ gate! pails Oly qell gag Ylell puleall Go pastel modes lel dglbend -cpsill by yall Gall Syn! glade! Gaal 9 he pl Goaelall ge Ablete seu) Gloss! sae ~ al gi sl lie! igllae eyez pains 90 yall gain “eal fla gd goles i Ol Ge Egiae Uolésels Llde gg GL Oly y2e- daslall gf AA 5! ALA OS gous of sdgeue Jl Ble gVI gout Ling rel LS ag5T ebb on pls alan¥l gl doll Ge Cond! gaol gag Sil J} GUL Abell Uso Ge Syl Gane Ga JST Ue Tygls Vol 201,501 cage egh OLAS GALS avy cuald ol oaly b yrlgll oly gill ell ge od BSI9 lead Gad Gyo Lieb ging Joa gases Ge Agata! Wha! GI SG Ys plana ule asl Sab Gag Udall gag lies LS ag all aby Ge LEI goal dua eaters caygd yay Lalas of a2slusly GLY plc! yd tog) Y CI blall Ugo Byrall LAS gad Ia J} agacd! qlle tens ga pan dal ge dagyall Ml g Abi aga dah laa Brel) Ulead pas Ga ee ble [| W @) ayze | ©) Wools uo:) dayaait Hlaydoll vizoll giao oli! vansil basis, foundation to reach, attain fa number, place) ciutzation | suitcase, purse, backpack bib g dd state, condition ‘ocean, environment (physical and abstract] during, throughout (a period oftimel house, abode tie, bond, link Link fneluding internet tink to record; to register Jig ship Age {al people (political in connotation refers to national group) to comprise, contain | comprehensive | Bdale desert te | I | jlo gyln (I) g sly’ (aleross | el Crusader Silos ¢ Gul weakness, ad a) lo]vizoll hall oui vandll weak Glad liad g ied | Glad lish g Ged path, road, woy | Bbc eb byway of ub oe | way abstract a Sb ig th ee wot ge the Midd Ages GEIB! ype a Ube g | ple alg eal [ century 7 i 098 cos caravan Sig8 ¢ W8B power, force 338 sb Seg 5S strong, powerful | gil g Blgs8 cbigss| hsil ge 5/G58 value twexplore tonotice, remark, observe to extend, stretch lin space or time) period lof timel ony 10 00k at stance, took? heritage (literary and ag culturat ||Rle> Tare | i?) Ladjsi giao :¥ Sayaal Culay2oJl vizoll Giooll Qoliul vansil test ones (e.g, days or years) first ones (e.g. days or years} blessing totranstate was were translated social society depending on, according to to preserve* la) truth, fact you are right! truly, cightly so to rave to set out, OBO ge. depart falsolo pass on, area goon the nex ife (ei Jes dloe [~|Uisoll Giaoll vandll traveler, explorer 10985) Ol = og dle. (gars Cageg Sie) UI WES IES ge to print to type ‘Orientals, scholar who Grae studies the Middle East oils ¢ Gptiad hhoneymean | ahaa | Jad af ‘owner, possessor, holder of * Geel g wele printing, edition length, height is considered science, knowledge, learning learned person, scientist information to repeat, re-Idol? 39a «ole (yeas +) Solel asd SLei judge bole habit custom Ob g Bole tomake alegal ruling | 1 gAtS «gah Jr |ERI» vizoll giooll oti vandll tocut, cut across ladistancel LA « psi «5 toundertake, carry out pba patch ues! entire, whole Reamer hg olds .g Bide meeting? topublish:tospread | (something, enews) a ae to move around tebe interested in sebl «eae 2 He | plesayl <2 Geis Gal importance to describe (as) Hes description (of) |~]Al» (Balls) Yell Uxdil 1 Ooi ‘You may have noticed that the verb I «e58 «GS.5 does not fit any of the jljsl patterns exactly, although the syllable and vowel patterns closely resemble II Ja3 39. The root consonants of eg are + -¢-v, Which number four instead of the usual three, This verb is one of a smell group of words whose Je contains four consonants instead of three. Such roots are called «£5 (from aay). The 053 jeHis-cegulaly used 7 ‘ones tah 7 sb wis Arabic. This exercise will introduce you to this process, Find the four consonants of jadi of the nouns given below and use the verb ge.3 as a model to complete the chart. (Remember that the plural of a noun usually shows the toot if itis not clear from the singular) vizoll | janoll jlo aloll paul doLsul Teransiate es 3) eae ies to program ¢ eb 0 shake, rock | MB e dbs to shake, rock asi BMS -¢ ub | earthquake toAmericanize | Sayed (al yd) Gio ys paul: V Uupod 1 59859 4] Shaly BLAS gdtLl I all: yell Ga 0 log Led gL U) paw CK ib dyed Zoi) slanted G Tag of lay 3 Wy a ll § diui> Gram WUfEI ISU Alo GgSiur Gal JI ULably «ed B Ogi Geil ull) Kae lgotiww gall! y! Uory thos AS Masti! a] ng ng lim Sp Slab! Jats [Slag clon! adits [Slag «SUtll Ligy dle! 985 of Gy Gall BT “aSe” JI Lil daScley Linas ASG Gi dys Lins Gb AKall 6 eed Lie db etch} /elhais O cu Hulls) “USisI' 9 "JSS" Uj Uy GSLs «A Uyoi In Part One you saw that Jsi8| 43g is usually intransitive, especially in relation to a transitive verb of js: Notice that Jax8} b}9 does not normally take an object except with a preposition. In|A. Study the relationship of meaning in the following pairs, then use the correct 3g to complete each sentence in Part B. nal Silej Ge BS po eyed Aetas (to lang Apsill spell eked VJtlog visall Jxisivia Uliog vizall J26Ui9 (intransitive) (transitive) to gather together, meet with en aie! || 10 gather; collect Aagall Bland! ab 4 sSlgiall B 10 be widespread, spread ont Gob os dens le ot CA giNlly Gowall so move (onese) Bante by Ul fewer [gliS! Iga all bd ey §2 Od ame Lees SgSe (something, ¢g., a hand) 85 ell Jad abl CIS Lasel gay E3388 10 keep or save for oneself to preserve (something) tl ge spall ode SS (Bi US Goi gd dated Oe gate gad Os Agi pb 8) Uoialal 11g 0 be linked to = HB)! | | 40 ink, te aBlyadl USS lgaly dot BY 0 tihy 5 2) Al ovally 351 gag! Joe to extend, stretch in5 « diel | | to extend, stretch out Sa S85. 58 ‘io spread (vometbing, eg wal poses” °® oe Galell Lal dagSodl O55 JCAsBYy Govall yb to move (something) asslay Ul gleel be cule HAA Y) Olds, all Jas Basagl take something to be important for oneself, be inlerested tn 581 deadh hall hin Olss seal gill Lcd! 91,3} 2 to be important for, matter to (someone) laledl Leg otdl LT ag Y [>|Sol Gl Sagal Usd! deserves the most credit for Gaebls) § U5) LAD (Steel) ole J Agyall J G25! Clally Glylacdl Go lglg pglell doz5 Gail Lad Golo dgalll dued UWS + agelsdl pasdl g at the bands of ...33 Jeo slg! g SALW deals doaj ty IgilS Guill GS tabl go 24s ty LE Guar db 3935H) L208 yd + septal Gyill dar yg A) chao Gull LAS wy le gy! JIB! Cade « af not for... (then)... (goth) J... 9. | Baodl oul pase G5,6 lel De) Slog guatis gyi cal « Jilsdee JSty Ules C8 a5 CAS) dy Lila 5 All Aygall Alay Wala) slo Vo! « (Bol 9s PIAS) Yalai ys alll LAS ala NA Uyoi Bloll g sh Aulyall §1g5 Waele pads ge y-/ Cues felelas gb sil alll ole Go ell gS Prepare a formal presentation (vail to give in class as if you were thanking this person at 4 ceremony. Write out what you want to say but practice delivering it several times as well so that you can give itn class without reading word-for-word from the page. Use the new Cilj\e and as many new vocabulary words as you can ee oF. vs GB Us Lad Jobe 3... Sige pedi de 2 GU padi +++ 3 WS JI Blaybs Jo |Silos Learn to recognize the Cage gaz pronouns: Uiboll boo Wib.ll Boo rallGoa JsallGoa Object + Possessve Independent Object + Posesive Independent al = al Gai & & « ‘The relative pronoun for C34) ese is Giglll (other forms exist but are rate, especially in modern Arabic), wulball Boo JAroll&oa Gs oul FAL HLL B QSRew lll Glew! jks! Jgtae Ge tte ‘One demonstrative pronoun serves both male and female human groups: eubollasS80I809 | atta Sa | ‘Se oh ads ws cull Tela! go Igel> Ube, eg slbe JelBale» dloll U2ail ‘Verbs also have special endings in .,ouadll for {31 and 3.4. You know that gall conjugations of all second person forms incorporate the final syllable of the corresponding independent pronoun. {31 follows this pattern as well: EB © Bi | BB < obi | FGA, its .galbl form sounds like that of (408 except that the final vowel is devi instead € és of alif. i - Sb © be | bbs © oo EslAos] Lal “The forms of gjLabl are easy to derive if we start from a singular masculine base and simply add the feminine plural suffix §. For jl, start with the El stem, and for 3%, start with the 9 stem: 385 G4) © Jha Ge) | BN) © bs (cs) You will notice some spelling variations in verbs whose middle root consonant is 9 oF since the long vowel shortens because of the & suffix, For now, you are only expected to recognize these forms, not produce them’, Fortunately, there is no difference between the three g sL&e forms of (35209 Wpaiag E5852, The following chart contains examples of feminine plural verbs for you to practice recognizing the forms you will see. idol Goa yo Jlssi Ejldoll 2 This spelting change happens because the suifix begins with a sukuun and not a vowel. Formal Arabic rules do not permit a syllable with a long vowel to end in sukuun in verb conjugation, so the long vowel simply shortens, We will activate these rules in Part Three, 3 There are several reasons for this: One reason is that itis relatively uncommon to address or talk about groups consisting solely of women. Another reason is that these forms are not part of many speakers’ native dialects. And, finally, Arabic, speakers often use the singular to talk about a generic category, so that a, can refer to women in general, and this circumvents the need for Ct! pan in such cases. J