HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

A project submitted to

R.S.K. HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL,

KAILASAPURAM,TRICHY - 620014
In partial fulfilment of the requirement of the AISSCE-2024

Submitted by

HARISITHAN.S.A.

Under the guidance by

Mr S.R.MUTHUVEL ,MSc.,B.Ed.,
Department of Physics

R.S.K. HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL,

BHEL TOWNSHIP, KAILASAPURAM,
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620014
2023 - 2024
 R.S.K. HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL
(Affiliated to the CBSE, New Delhi) BHEL
Township, Kailasapuram,
Tiruchirappalli-620014.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “HALF WAVE RECTIFIER” is a record by

project work done by, Master HARISITHAN.S.A. Reg No. in the Department of
Physics R.S.K. Hr. See. School, Trichy-620014 in partial fulfilment by AISSC
EXAMINATION 2023-2024,Conducted by CBSE, New Delhi.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL

EXAMINER

PRINCIPAL
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HOW IT IS HELPFUL?

In practice, the half-wave rectifier is used most often in low-power applications

because of their major disadvantages being. The output amplitude is less than
the input amplitude, there is no output during the negative half cycle so half
the power is wasted and the output is pulsed DC resulting in excessive ripple.
It is a simple circuit.it has low cost. We can easily to construct.it has low
number of components therefore, it is a cheap

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

PN JUNCTION DIODE:

A P-N junction is an interface or a boundary between two semiconductor

material types, namely the p-type and the n-type, inside a semiconductor.

different semiconductor materials to make a P-N junction, there will be a grain

boundary that would inhibit the movement of electrons from one side to the
other by scattering the electrons and holes and thus, we use the process of
doping.

UNBIASED CONDITION :

Electrons diffuse from the n-side to the p-side, an ionised donor is left behind
on the n-side, which is immobile. As the process goes on, a layer of positive
charge is developed on the n-side of the junction. Similarly, when a hole goes
from the p-side to the n-side, an ionized acceptor is left behind on the p-side,
resulting in the formation of a layer of negative charges in the p-side of the
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junction. This region of positive charge and negative charge on either side of
the junction is termed as the depletion region. Due to this positive space
charge region on either side of the junction, an electric field with the direction
from a positive charge towards the negative charge is developed. Due to this
electric field, an electron on the p-side of the junction moves to the n-side of
the junction. The same electric field restricts current in reverse bias condition.
The force on electron is exerted in opposite direction to that of flow of
electron.

In forward bias the p terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the

battery whereas in reverse bias the n terminal of the diode is connected to the
negative terminal of the battery.

Half wave rectifier uses the same principle of PN junction diode and thus
converts AC to DC. A load resistance is connected in series with the PN
junction diode. Alternating current is the input of the half wave rectifier. The
frequency of the output pulsating dc current is equal to the input frequency.

The transformer used is generally of step down type. Current is present only
with half of the time. This results in decreased output efficiency of 41.2%.

PN junction diodes may have resistance in both forward as well as reverse bias
as they are not ideal in nature. Here reverse current value is small and hence
can be neglected. Other applications of pn junction diodes include solar cell,
zeiner diodes , LED (light emitting diode), Photodiode, solar cell each with its
specific IV characteristics.

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CONCLUSION:

Thus we can conclude that half wave rectifier is an effective device to convert
AC to DC. Even though it has many disadvantages, it is cheap and easily
constructible with raw materials. However it has a low efficiency and hence full
wave rectifiers are used in order to increase efficiency.

BIBILOGRAPHY :
The necessary information for the project is collected form the references
stated below ,

Physics class 12 NCERT TEXT BOOK Vol 2

Wikipedia

PRADEEP’s class 12 Physics

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INTRODUCTION:

A rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current

(DC). It is done by using a diode or a group of diodes. When a standard AC
waveform is passed through a half-wave rectifier, only half of the AC waveform
remains. Half-wave rectifiers only allow one half-cycle (positive or negative
half-cycle) of the AC voltage through and will block the other half-cycle on the
DC side, Since DC systems are designed to have current flowing in a single
direction (and constant voltage – which will be described later), putting an AC
waveform with positive and negative cycles through a DC device can have
destructive (and dangerous) consequences. So we use half-wave rectifiers to
convert the AC input power into DC output power.
The PN junction diode in reverse bias condition acts as a open circuit hence we
obtain a final output of a pulsating dc current with same frequency as that of
the input ac frequency.

COMPONENTS OF HALF WAVE RECTIFIERS:

1. PN junction diode
2. Step down transformer
3. Load resistor
4. AC source

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 Acknowledgement:

First of all I would like to pay my gratitude to DAV management for allowing
us to create this wonderful creations. We would like to thank our School
Principal , Mr M.Karuppiah for his kind inspiring words to take on this
project .

I would like to express deep sense of thanks and gratitude to my project guide
Mr S.R. Muthuvel for guiding me immensely through the course of the project.
He always evinced keen interest in my work. His constructive advice and
constant motivation have been responsible for the successful completion of the
project.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my team members, and our class
teacher Mrs R.Vani and all my friends who in spite of their busy schedule
helped me in the darkest times while the project was going on.

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S.no TITTLE Page No.

1 CERTIFICATE 2

2 ACKOWLEDGEMENT 3

3 INTRODUCTION TO HALFWAVE RECTIFIER 4

4 HOW IS IT USEFUL ? 5

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE 6

6. CONCLUSIONS 8

INDEX