‘where V = esas la tbe presre > Sesitenpersare ‘The ga constant R assumes diferent values for diferent set of unit Corson values are shown in Table 1. For the remainder te oo, ‘les otherwise noted pressure wl be In bare velume in cena eg ‘the term mol wil efer vo gram moles, Note thet 1 bar = 10° Pe 0° 8 sa and 1 atin = 1.01805 bur. Por an ideal gaa Z ~'10, For real qacee ‘gmormally less than 1 exept et igh reduced temperatures asl prc Equation (3-21) can also be ued to define 2 fore liguls in ths ene ie ‘ermaly much ls than unity ‘The compressibility factor often correlated with tho reduced temper stare T-and pressure Pas 202) 2 where 7, = T/T. and, ~ PIP, The funtion f) hasbeen obtained {om experimental PVT data by Nels and Obert (7, and the fal carves are shown in Figs $1 t 3.3, Exowpt as noted bow, the sn these figures to obtain 2 at «given 7; and P, should la to ero of se {han 4 to 6 percent except ear the satration curve or near the cial ‘ein, where Z ta very senatve to both T and Pr Figure -1 and 3-3 should not be ued for stony polar ids, nor ae they recommended fr helium, hydrogen, or neon uns pil, todd ‘rial constants reused [28 62, 62,74} For very bigh presen or ey high temperatures, the reduced presare- temperature denaty chara of [Breedveld and Prausit [9] are wef. ‘Many raps similar to howe in Figs 9.1 03-9 have been publ. All differ somewhat, because each rect Uh author's chace of exper ‘ental data and how the data are smacthed. Thor shown area aceate ‘any two-parameter plots published, and they have the added advantage {hat volumes ean be found directly. Note, however, that in these figures ase Sachi) of T ‘none 2 Grn camprnity car Ve VARTJP) rem Re 233 ee Seanné avec CamScannerBora nae ™ = ihe oe s Press Yome Temperate Relations ot Pure Genes tnd Uns, SS an 1 not dein in the usual manner, that i, V/V, but tstond i “ial duced volume” given by ae, Egustion (1.22) in an expe of the law of coreponding states. This law, though not enact sugeeta that reduced peopertie ofall kde are Satay the ame compared at equal duced temperate ad pre ‘sures For PVT proper this aw eves ¥ gaunt 1a. P Except for monatomic rates, hihly polar ids and Gide compen of lange maces, vals Z, fr mart organic capone aces fms O27 029 Iitisauurned bea connast By (20 races toby 22) In Se. 3.5, Zs introduced ws ahd coreating parte an adi to Te and to estinate Z but not the form of By 20, eq (4.22), T. and Pare sealing lato to rte T and Pie to snake them nondinensional Otber scaling factors hive een propened, ‘butnone have ben widely acepte. A tabultoe of rand Pfr spa ‘er of elements and compounds a given a Appendix Aad tet fot ‘Stimaing them are described in See 22 3.3. thvee-Parameter Conetations Equation (0.2.2) isa two-parameter equation of sate the two parameters ting 7, ard P. That i by Lnowing T, aod, fora pee Baad ‘Basile to estimate the volumeths propertin at vctus Tempertares bd presures The calculation may ivate ie we Pen ST tee ‘oe may employ an anaivial faction fr A Vin By 22) Bath mete ‘bare ely approximate Many sugrtoes wich tai he ger ces ‘ep yet allow an increase in aceurscy and appLeabity have tence Inner the more sucrnal tedations have vive the chao sf tn aitoal third parameter tte the acon exposed by Ea £22) Mont fen this third purameter uote tothe teed ape Foo ‘reat sme specifi luce temperate otto aus lumens hep ‘ry ator near the ciel oun, although ae Sorelauen ease the ‘oar plarzatibty asthe tid paramcter (9), Tee summon asd wel tested thie parameter crelatons ar described ble ‘Awume that there are dees, but wngun futons 2 = f(T) fr tach teupf putesubntances withthe sume Them foreach 2 hase ‘Scanné avee CamSeannerBA Propenion ot cases and uids i att a cette caret fee ah SURE OTS Aenea el , feeb Te ieee ee ten ate oar “hh 2 ton wn ap ob hey am re et en tas Bh om at wea id on 2 tt 1h ottawa eel el Seernee mates eae cee ae eth Teg dine re ee Sl Pe pte fo ena Shoes Zoe emer Sah gt gee ai tet re wy ene 8 de cepa cam i in aon Feder gtr eeepc oe Sai Msen ete fen hr in oth en a te pene oe eel ee eS Sere et mcs ts SO ee pam eee era ee eT ee ad ead PeneolneTampertoe ane Pe Gone ani 35 be known tis probably the mest scl and wef elt of core ‘nding stats theory (8 10510), ‘cel ‘large 21 Eanes vein of deena peat Weer wale Tad 93,2" «ase a ons . 3-4 Anaiicl Equations of State ‘An ena equton of tate sa lee elation betwee press, ‘eepeatre, and mala vole, Tee slat f equation of Sea rested inthe at the seins Te vial ego dc Ste nitrated frm, tinplate ican repre nly modest deviations inthe vapor hei ea gm behavior See {58 equations which are eux in wlume are daca, These equations ‘an represent both liu and apo hair of somolr moa vet, ltd range of temperature and psu and they rela rey Simpl fom a computational ot fw Serton 97 deerbes the Lar. ese generalized vernon ofthe Beds Web Rubinegoton whch ‘apple overtone ranges of tempeatnes and prs than ae ‘he Cubic uations Butta computational mor comple 35 Viel Equation ‘The vil equation of state ie apy sra in nee ume wich inexplict i rear nd an dvd tn saad mechan ae , arc ' aR TB, RTC, ‘The parameter B,C, at call the second the. valent {hd re fants oly of temperate for ape id Mac bs bed ‘rien bout thi pres quntn and ever revere bee aby asp ‘Scanné avec CamScannerlished fe 68, 128). One reason forthe equato's popularity ie ha the feeficets B,C, can be relted to parameters characterising the ter. ‘Balcular potential fenton Lil information x vane fr the third fn higher viral eefiients Two methods have, however, apposed fecal for predicting , the tind val cote (1,7), More stn Pras Veto Tempra ean ‘et. The vir equaton may also be writen a power series neither ‘Vor Po that tcaton lad ote forme These are zeit osm | ‘Sear avec CamScannetfpdropes es ertony azeee gene guess ae sess 32: # Seanné avec CamScannerFor the evaluation of B from experimental date, however, a. (0-51) As the density approaches zero, Bas. (5.22) and (8-528) become iden- should be used, Le, tical and at fw densities, both forms of Bq, (2) approximate true bbohaier. But neither Bg, (85.20) nar (9-526) shouldbe sed if > a2 be tm (22) Hels oF V, os defined in Figs. $1 to $3 sla Uhan about 08. When p= de, avy). ‘(2 Ba (5.20) predict a Z which i too highend (35:20) predicts re — Sean avec CamScannerie foray te CN CC 3 13, utome romans « GOA we we WO Tain Toor UOen TORK Sein Seanné avec CamScanner‘Scanné avec CamScanner‘Scanné avee CamSeanner Soe Te erica afer ~+| owe rene S25 ; 3 eer ca tant petty a E Soe = SES pee a = aa Seater eye | Sn * | mma sy SSS SS sm ony es ny soyaPRESSURE, PSIA —- eh eign, y Ye PRESSURE, kPa (abs) si ETHANE 19-35 CONV. PRESS, 1000 SIA ‘Scanné avee CamScannera kPa (abs) st PROPAI waa ‘CONY. PRESS, 1000 PSIA ‘Scanné avee CamSeanner