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Supplementary activity in 21st Century literature from the Philippines and the world

Instructions: Define the following concepts.

1. Metrical tale- A metrical tale refers to a narrative or story that is written in verse or poetry,
commonly employing a specific metrical and rhythmic structure.
2. Metrical romance- A metrical romance refers to a type of narrative poem or verse that
follows a specific metrical pattern or structure.
3. Short story- A short story is a brief work of fiction that typically focuses on a single
character, event, or theme.
4. 21st century literature – 21st century literature refers to the body of literary works written
and published in the 21st century, spanning from the year 2000 onwards.
5. Local color- Local color refers to the unique characteristics and distinct culture of a
particular region or location.
6. lifestyle- The term "lifestyle" refers to the way an individual or a group lives their life and
the choices they make in various aspects such as personal habits, behaviors, attitudes, and
interests.
7. customs- Customs refers to the practices, behaviors, and traditions that are characteristic of
a particular society or community.
8. beliefs- Beliefs refer to the deeply held convictions or principles that an individual or
group holds to be true.
9. images- The meaning of images can vary depending on the context and the interpretation
of the viewer. Images can convey messages, evoke emotions, tell stories, and communicate
ideas and concepts.
10. symbolism- Symbolism refers to the use of objects, characters, colors, or events that
represent deeper and often abstract ideas or concepts.
11. Native language- Native language refers to the language that a person has learned and
acquired from birth or during early childhood within their home environment.
12. heritage- Heritage refers to the collection of traits, traditions, beliefs, customs, and
artifacts that are passed down from one generation to the next.
13. principles- Principles refer to fundamental beliefs, values, or rules that guide decision-
making, behavior, or understanding in various domains of life.
14. norms- Norms generally refer to the accepted standards or expectations of behavior
within a particular social group or society.
15. culture- Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, practices,
attitudes, and norms that exist within a particular group or society.
16. practices- The term "practices" refers to a set of activities, customs, or procedures that
are repeatedly performed or followed in a particular field, profession, discipline, or culture.
17. conflict- The term "conflict" typically refers to a disagreement or clash between two or
more individuals or groups, often due to opposing interests, ideas, or values.
18. Rising action- The rising action is a literary term used to describe the series of events and
conflicts that occur after the exposition (introduction of characters and setting) and lead up to
the climax (the turning point or most intense moment of a story).
19. point of View - Point of view refers to the perspective from which a story or narrative is
told.
20. plot- The meaning of "plot" can vary depending on the context in which it is used.
21. fiction- Fiction refers to a form of literature or storytelling that is not based on real events
or people. It is the act of creating narrative or imaginative works that may explore various
themes, settings, and characters.
22. Non 2 conflict- Non 2 fiction refers to literature or writing that is based on real events,
facts, and information.
23. milieu- The term "milieu" refers to the social, cultural, or physical environment in which
a person or thing exists or operates.
24. setting- In literature, setting refers to the time, place, and atmosphere in which a story
takes place. It includes the physical environment, such as the landscape or buildings, as well
as the social, cultural, and historical context. The setting can significantly impact the plot,
character development, and overall tone of the story.
25. motifs- In literature, a motif refers to a recurring element, idea, or image that has
symbolic significance and contributes to the overall themes and messages of a work.
26. alliteration- Alliteration is a literary device that involves the repetition of consonant
sounds at the beginning of neighboring words.
27. onomatopoeia- Onomatopoeia refers to the use of words that imitate or suggest the sound
associated with the object or action they describe.
28. consonance- Consonance refers to the repetition of similar consonant sounds in a series
of words or phrases.
29. assonance- Assonance is a literary technique in which the repetition of vowel sounds
occurs within words or in close proximity to each other in a phrase or line of poetry.
30. exposition- Exposition refers to the part of a story or play where background information
is provided to the audience.
31. climax- The climax of a story is the point in the narrative where the tension, excitement,
or stakes reach the highest level.
32. Rising action- Rising action in literature refers to all the events that happen in a story on
the way to the climax.
33. denouement- denouement, (French: “unknotting”) conclusion after the climax of a
narrative in which the complexities of the plot are unraveled and the conflict is finally
resolved.
34. poetic- I’ve always admired his poetic use of language.
35. passage- Technically, a passage is simply a portion or section of a written work, either
fiction or non-fiction.
36. quatrain- A quatrain is a four-line stanza of poetry. It can be a single four-line stanza,
meaning that it is a stand-alone poem of four lines, or it can be a four-line stanza that makes
up part of a longer poem.
37 .octave- The word “octave” comes from the Latin word meaning “eighth part”. It is an
eight-line stanza or poem.
38. quintain- A quintain (also known as a quintet) is any poetic form or stanza that contains
five lines. Quintain poems can contain any line length or meter.
39. septet- The septet is a stanza of verse that uses seven lines. These lines might be written
in free verse or utilize a specific pattern. .
40. apostrophe- As a literary device, apostrophe refers to a speech or address to a person
who is not present or to a personified object, such as Yorick's skull in Hamlet.
41. metaphor- A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way
that isn't literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison.
42. character- A character is any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work.
43. Conflict- a conflict is a literary device characterized by a struggle between two opposing
forces. Conflict provides crucial tension in any story and is used to drive the narrative
forward.
44 .point of view- Point of view is the writer's way of deciding who is telling the story to
whom.
45. apathy-Apathy is a condition of indifference or lack of emotion.
46. movement- A literary movement is a group of literary works that were created around the
same time by authors with similar intentions and styles.
47. Theme - A literary theme is the main idea or underlying meaning a writer explores in a
novel, short story, or other literary work.
48. Flat character – A flat character is one that lacks complexity in several facets.
49. Developing character –I n literature, character development is the craft of giving a
character a personality, depth, and motivations that propel them through a story.
50. Round character - A round character is complex, layered, and multidimensional. As their
personality, inner and outer conflicts, and motivations unfold, they advance the plot.
51. External conflict - An internal conflict is the struggle occurring within a character's
mind. Things such as what the character yearns for, but can't quite reach.
52. Hyperbole - Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of
speech. In rhetoric, it is also sometimes known as auxesis. In poetry and oratory, it
emphasizes, evokes strong feelings, and creates strong impressions. As a figure of speech, it
is usually not meant to be taken literally.
53. Ironic - implies an attempt to be amusing or provocative by saying usually the opposite
of what is meant.
54. Social roles - are a socially defined pattern of behaviour that is expected of persons who
occupy a certain social position or belong to a particular social category.
55. Multimedia - is a system of relaying information or entertainment that includes many
different forms of communication. You might use multimedia to give a presentation at school.
Multimedia might include video, audio clips, and still photographs,
56. Hypertext - s text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with
references to other text that the reader can immediately access. Hypertext documents are
interconnected by hyperlinks, which are typically activated by a mouse click, key press set, or
screen touch.
57. Traditional - based on a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has been
used by the people in a particular group, family, society, etc., for a long time : following the
tradition of a certain group or culture.
58. Deductive – Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion drawn from a
set of premises contains no more information than the premises taken collectively.
59. Text – Is any object that can be "read", whether this object is a work of literature, a street
sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothing. It is a coherent set of
signs that transmits some kind of informative message.
60. Gender roles – A gender role, also known as a sex role, is a social role encompassing a
range of behaviours and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or
desirable for a person based on that person's sex.
61. Approach – to come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or
amount: We could just see the train approaching in the distance.
62. Criticism – is the analysis and interpretation of literature or other art forms conducted by
people who have been trained in educational institutions, such as universities.
63. Cultural behavioural – is behaviour exhibited by humans that is extra somatic or extra
genetic—in other words, learned
64. Political context –Is to define the political scenario directly or indirectly influencing the
production of documents.
65. Literary works – means works, other than audio-visual works, expressed in words,
numbers, or other verbal or numerical symbols or indicia regardless of the nature of the
material objects, such as books, periodicals, manuscripts, sound recordings, films, tapes,
disks, or cards, in which they are embodied
66. Author – a person who writes a novel, poem, essay, etc.; the composer of a literary work,
as distinguished from a compiler, translator, editor, or copyist
67. Epic – is a long, often book-length, narrative in verse form that retells the heroic journey
of a single person, or group of persons.
68. Pedro Bukaneg – was a Filipino poet. He is considered the "Father of Ilocano literature."
Blind since birth, he is the believed to have authored of parts of the Ilocano epic Biag ni
Lam-ang.
69. Luha ng Buwaya – Luha ng Buwaya or, "Crocodile's Tear" in translation, is a novel
written by Palanca Awardee and Filipino novelist Amado V. Hernandez. It consists of 53
chapters. The story is about poor farmers uniting against the greedy desires of the prominent
family of the Grandes
70. Novel – is an invented prose narrative of significant length and complexity that deals
imaginatively with human experience.
71. Noli Me Tangere – Noli Me Tangere is Latin for “touch me not.” In this modern classic
of Filipino literature, José Rizal exposes “matters . . . so delicate that they cannot be touched
by anybody,” unfolding an epic history of the Philippines that has made it that country's most
influential political novel in the nineteenth and twentieth
72. Jose P. Rizal – José Rizal (1861-1896) is one of the most revered figures in Philippine
history. He was a multifaceted intellectual and a political activist, best known for his political
writings that inspired the Philippine revolution and ultimately led to his execution by the
Spanish colonizers.
73. Contemporary Period – s generally defined as beginning in 1946 and continuing to the
present. In that time, the world has been almost continuously at war. The Korean War and the
Vietnam War existed alongside the Cold War waged between the United States and the Soviet
Union.
74. American colonial Period -The American colonies were the British colonies that were
established during the 17th and early 18th centuries in what is now a part of the eastern
United States. The colonies grew both geographically along the Atlantic coast and westward
and numerically to 13 from the time of their founding to the American Revolution.
75. Spanish Colonial traditions - For the first centuries of Spanish colonization, painting
was limited to religious icons. Portraits of saints and of the Holy Family became a familiar
sight in churches. Other subject matters include the passion of Christ, the Via Cruces, and the
crucifixion, portrayal of heaven, purgatory and hell.
76. Pre-Colonial Times- Refers to the period in history before the arrival of colonial powers,
particularly in the context of the Philippines, it pertains to the time before Spanish
colonization.
77. Personification- A figure of speech in which human qualities or characteristics are
attributed to non-human entities or objects.
78. Figurative language- Language that uses figures of speech, such as metaphors, similes,
and personification, to convey meaning beyond the literal interpretation of words.
79. Magdalena Jalandani- There is no widely recognized figure or reference to Magdalena
Jalandani in literature or history.
80. Biographical Criticism- A method of literary analysis that focuses on the author's life
and experiences to gain insights into their works.
81. Loreto Paras-Sulit- Loreto Paras-Sulit was a Filipino writer known for her short stories
and essays, often depicting the struggles and experiences of Filipino women.
82. Idinayale- There is no widely recognized term or reference to "idinayale" in literature or
history.
83. Sidopo- There is no widely recognized term or reference to "sidopo" in literature or
history.
84. Mandarangan- There is no widely recognized term or reference to "mandarangan" in
literature or history.
85. Agni- the god of fire, one of the three chief deities of the Vedas.
86. Lalahon - Lalahon is a term used in Philippine mythology to refer to the goddess of
agriculture and fertility.
87. Government - Government refers to the system or group of individuals that have the
authority to govern and make decisions for a country or organization.
88. Barangay - Barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines, similar to
a village or neighbourhood.

89. Datu - Datu is a term used in Philippine culture to refer to a tribal chief or leader.
90. Executive - The executive branch of government is responsible for implementing and
enforcing laws and policies.
91. Legislative - The legislative branch of government is responsible for making laws.
92. Judiciary - The judiciary branch of government is responsible for interpreting and
applying laws and ensuring justice is served.
93. Bugtong - Bugtong is a form of Filipino riddle that typically consists of a question or
statement that requires creative thinking to solve.
94. Sawikain - Sawikain refers to Filipino proverbs or idiomatic expressions that convey
wisdom or life lessons.
95. Alamat - Alamat is a Filipino term for folklore or legends that explain the origins of
natural phenomena, places, or cultural practices.
96. Kwentong bayan -refers to traditional folktales or legends in the Philippines that are
passed down orally from one generation to another.
97. Awit - is a form of traditional Filipino poetry that consists of four lines with eight
syllables each.
98. Epiko- is a long narrative poem or story that tells the heroic adventures of a legendary
figure or a group of heroes.
99. Biag ni Lam- Ang is an epic poem from the Philippines that tells the story of the hero
Lam-Ang and his extraordinary adventures.
100. Aliguyon - is a traditional epic from the Philippines that recounts the life and exploits of
the hero Aliguyon, a warrior and leader of the Ifugao tribe.

(YOU MAY ADD OTHER TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO CREATIVE

WRITING AND 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND
THE WORLD)