Radiographic Testing

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Radiographic Testing
PTS 15.30.01
November 2017
© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
43.243.140.82 rairlangga@toyo-eng.com rairlangga@toyo-eng.com 07/13/2020 06:37:38 GMT

PTS 15.30.01
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING November 2017
Page 2 of 21
FOREWORD
PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.
Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.
In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.
PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.
The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.

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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 4
1.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM ....................................................................................................... 4
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ................................................................................................ 5
2.0 SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS............................................................................. 6
2.1 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION .......................................................................................... 6
2.2 RADIATION SAFETY ......................................................................................................... 6
2.3 PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 RADIOGRAPHIC FILMS .................................................................................................. 10
2.6 LOCATION MARKERS .................................................................................................... 10
2.7 SYSTEM OF IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................ 11
2.8 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR (IQI)................................................................................. 11
2.9 DIAGNOSTIC FILM LENGTH (DFL) ................................................................................. 12
2.10 RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING TECHNIQUES ........................................................................ 12
2.11 QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS.......................................................................................... 13
2.12 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS ......................................................................................... 14
2.13 BACK SCATTER RADIATION CHECK ............................................................................... 14
2.14 CALIBRATION OF DENSITOMETER ................................................................................ 15
2.15 DENSITY (TRANSMITTED H&D DENSITY) ...................................................................... 15
2.16 SENSITIVITY................................................................................................................... 15
2.17 FILM PROCESSING ........................................................................................................ 16
2.18 VIEWING FACILITIES ..................................................................................................... 17
2.19 VIEWING CONDITION ................................................................................................... 17
2.20 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ................................................................................................. 17
2.21 RECORDS AND REPORTS............................................................................................... 17
2.22 PACKING OF FILM ......................................................................................................... 17
3.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 19
APPENDIX 1 : SAMPLE LOCATION MARKER ARRANGEMENT ...................................... 21

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This PTS provides minimum requirements for Radiographic Testing of materials and fusion
welds based on PETRONAS lessons learnt and best practices. This PTS was developed to ensure
the safe and reliable operations of the equipment at PETRONAS assets.
1.1 SCOPE
1.1.1 This PTS applies to all equipment type including:
i. Pressure vessels
ii. Process piping
iii. Onshore and offshore pipelines
iv. Atmospheric Storage Tanks
v. Onshore and offshore structures
1.1.2 This PTS excludes the acceptance / rejection criteria of Radiographic Testing (RT) for each
equipment type. This shall be stated in other applicable PTSs
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM
1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations
Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide PTS
00.01.03 for General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations.
1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms
No Term Definition
Corporate, private or public entity which
1 Employer employs personnel for wages, salary, fees or
other considerations.
Education, level of training, demonstrated skill,
training knowledge and experience required for
2 Qualification
personnel to properly perform the duties of a
specific job.
Programme developed to impart knowledge
3 Training
and skills necessary for qualification.
Specific requirements which define the
employer's procedure for the qualification and
4 Written Practice
certification of non-destructive testing
personnel.
Table 1.1: Specific Definition of Terms

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1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations
No Abbreviation Description
1 AELB Atomic Energy Licensing Board, Malaysia
Certification Scheme For Welding And
3 CSWIP
Inspection Personnel
4 IS Intrinsic Safety
5 IQI Image Quality Indicator
6 JPK Jabatan Pembangunan Kemahiran Malaysia

Personnel certification in non-destructive
8 PCN testing, the British National Scheme for
personnel certification in NDT.
9 TLD Thermoluminescent Dosimeter.
Table 1.2: Specific Abbreviations
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This PTS 15.30.01 (November 2017) replaces PTS 71.00.08.30 (October 2014).

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2.0 SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
This section describes minimum requirement of personnel qualifications and specific

requirements of equipment used for the purpose of RT.
2.1 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
All Radiographers and Assistant Radiographers shall be licensed by the Atomic Energy
Licensing Board (AELB), Malaysia for work in Malaysia. For work outside Malaysia, the
respective country's statutory requirements shall apply.
2.1.1 Radiographer
i. Shall possess a valid JPK Level II certification in Industrial Radiography and/or

other recognized independent certification scheme or equivalent as determined
by the Owner.
ii. Shall have at least 2 years’ experience in Industrial Radiography of tubular

structures, pipelines and/or piping systems. This experience shall be reflected by
documented evidence.
2.1.2 Assistant Radiographer
i. Shall possess a valid JPK Level I certification in Industrial Radiography or other

recognized independent certification scheme or equivalent as determined by the
Owner.
ii. Shall have at least 1 year of relevant experience as an assistant radiographer

which shall be reflected by documented evidence.
2.1.3 Radiographic Interpreters
i. The Contractor personnel shall have proven adequate training, experienced and
qualified Radiographic Interpreter certified by the employer to JPK Level II, or
CSWIP 3.4, or PCN 3.4 or equivalent certification as approved by the Owner.
2.1.4 Employer Based Certification
i. The employer of the radiographers shall submit his Written Practice to the Owner
for review, approval and audit.
ii. At the Owner's sole discretion, mock-up tests shall be carried out to prove the
competency of the proposed radiographers and interpreters.
2.2 RADIATION SAFETY
2.2.1 With regards to Radiation Safety, the following requirements shall be adhered to:-
i. Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304) and its subsequent regulations for
work in Malaysia. For work outside Malaysia, the respective country's statutory
requirements shall apply.

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ii. PTS 18.34.03.
2.2.2 The Contractor shall submit his Radiation Safety Procedure and Emergency Plan to the Owner
for approval prior to the commencement of work.
2.2.3 The Contractor shall hold valid licenses from AELB for the activities involving handling and
management of radioactive sources and irradiating equipment for work in Malaysia. For work
outside Malaysia, the respective country's statutory requirement shall apply.
2.2.4 The Contractor shall provide each radiographer with a Film Badge or TLD and an electronic
Dosimeter and each team, comprising of a Radiographer and an Assistant Radiographer, a
Survey Meter and a radiation alarm warning device (e.g. beeper). All battery operated
radiation gadgets shall be of intrinsically safe type when working in hazardous areas.
2.2.5 The Survey Meter and electronic Dosimeter used in the RT work shall have valid calibration
certificate. Calibration interval shall not exceed 12-month. Calibration shall be done by a
laboratory certified by AELB or equivalent for other countries.
2.3 PROCEDURE
2.3.1 The Contractor shall submit to the Owner a written procedure developed specific for the job
for approval prior to commencement of work. The radiographic techniques (as specified in the
procedure) for the various thickness and diameter ranges shall be qualified by producing
satisfactory standard test radiographs.
2.3.2 The procedure shall include at least the following information, as applicable:
i. material type and thickness range
ii. isotope or maximum X-ray voltage used
iii. source-to-object distance (D in T-274.1)
iv. distance from source side of object to film (d in-274.1)
v. source size (F in T-274.1)
vi. film brand and designation
vii. screens used
2.4 EQUIPMENT
2.4.1 The Contractor shall provide the Radiographers with all the equipment, tools and consumable
necessary to carry out the RT such as:-
i. Approved remote wind-out gamma radiography systems.
ii. Collimators and lead sheets
iii. Emergency handling tools e.g. lead shot bags, tongs, lead pot and assorted tools.

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iv. Isotope transport container
v. X-ray machines
vi. X-ray crawlers
vii. Cassettes complete with lead screens or fluorometallic intensifying screen
viii. Sets of lead numbers and letters
ix. Radiation warning signs, rope barriers, buntings, flashing warning lights, hand
crank claxon, etc.
x. Films (ASTM film type 1 and 2)
xi. Dark Room complete with accessories and processing facilities.
xii. ASTM or ISO or equivalent Wire Penetrameters
xiii. Beeper
xiv. Electronic Dosimeter
2.4.2 The Owner reserves the right to inspect these items/equipment for their suitability for the
intended purpose and to check their safe working condition.
2.4.3 Gamma Radiography System and Radiation Energy
i. Gamma Radiography System
a) The gamma radiography system shall be approved by AELB or equivalent for

other countries. The system shall be of the auto-lock remote wind-out type.
Other advanced RT system such as close proximity computer radiography, etc.
may be used upon approval from Technical Authority.
b) The radioisotope shall be as small as obtainable. The source activity for
Iridium 192 shall have minimum and maximum strength as per following
table.
Application Strength (curies)
Offshore 12 – 20
Onshore 12 – 60
Table 2.1: Iridium 192 minimum and maximum strength
For other sources, the activity shall be agreed upon between the Owner and
the Contractor.

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ii. Gamma Radiation

a) The recommended thickness for which radioactive isotopes shall be used is as
follows:-
Material to be Tested Thickness Limit (mm)
Carbon steel <35 mm

Stainless steel <35 mm
Hasteloy <25 mm
Inconel <30 mm
Incoloy <25 mm
Monel <25 mm
Titanium <50 mm
Table 2.2: Recommended Material Thicknesses Limit to be Tested Using Ir-192
b) The above maximum thicknesses are calculated based on practicality at

onshore fabrication. The maximum thicknesses listed in Table 2.2 above may
not be practicable for RT testing activities at offshore facilities should
radiography exposure factor is intolerable or the required exposure time is
more than 1 hour for single shot. Other methods of inspection i.e. UT may be
considered to be employed in lieu of RT.
iii. Equipment and materials to be used during radiation emergency shall be made
available at site during radiography operations. The equipment shall include
recovery tongs, lead sheets or pellets and Radiation Survey Meters capable of
reading at least 100 Roentgens/hour.
2.4.4 X-ray Machine, Crawler and Radiation Energy
i. X-ray Machine
a) The X-ray machine shall be of a make approved by AELB or equivalent for

other countries, having a maximum voltage of about 400 KV. The focal spot
of this machine shall be determined by the pin hole method.
b) There shall be a spare set of equipment at an inspection location to provide
continuity of radiographic testing in the event that one set malfunctions.
ii. X-ray Crawler
a) X-ray crawler shall be used in conjunction with an automatic film processor

for weld inspection of submarine pipelines on a laybarge. The crawler shall be
of a make approved by AELB or equivalent for other countries. It shall be
suitable for the diameter of the pipe being laid. A back-up set shall be

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available on board for continuity of work in the event that one set
malfunctions.
iii. X-Ray Radiation Energy
a) The maximum voltage used in X-Ray equipment shall not exceed the values
shown in ISO 5579 Figure 1 for the respective materials.
2.5 RADIOGRAPHIC FILMS
2.5.1 Type
i. Unless otherwise agreed by the Owner, only double coated industrial films having
low-speed, very fine grain, very high contrast (ASTM film type 1) or medium
speed, fine grain, high contrast (ASTM film type 2) suitable for use with lead
screens or fluorometallic intensifying screens shall be used for both x-ray and
gamma-ray.
ii. Contractor may use F6 film or equivalent or phosphorous cassette (digital film) to
speed up the work.
2.5.2 Storage
All unexposed films shall be stored in a clean dry store where they will not be subjected to:
i. Chemical vapours, fumes
ii. Radiation and light
iii. Excessive heat and humidity
iv. Undue pressure
2.5.3 Fog Density
Every box or roll of film shall be checked for fog density. If it is greater than 0.30 H & D (Hurter
and Driffield), as measured with a densitometer calibrated against a National Bureau of
Standards, the whole box or roll shall be rejected.
2.6 LOCATION MARKERS
2.6.1 Location lead markers which are to appear as radiographic images on film shall be placed on
the component and their locations shall be marked on the surface of the component being
radiographed to provide traceability.
2.6.2 Location markers for the various techniques shall be in accordance with Appendix 1.

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2.7 SYSTEM OF IDENTIFICATION
2.7.1 A system shall be used to produce permanent identification on the radiograph with at least
the following information, as applicable :
i. Contract Number
ii. Component
iii. Weld or part number
iv. Contractor name
v. Date of radiography
vi. Welder identification
vii. Repairs (R1, R2....)
2.7.2 This information shall not obscure the area of interest.
2.8 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR (IQI)
2.8.1 Make
IQIs shall be manufactured of radiographically similar material or lower radiation adsorption

to the object being radiographed.
2.8.2 Type
i. The ASTM E747 or ISO 19232 wire type IQI shall be used to provide a guide to the
quality of the radiographs produced.
ii. Other types of IQI may be used upon prior approval by the Owner.
2.8.3 Placement of IQI
i. A wire type IQI shall be placed on the source side with the smallest wire outward
and at the least density expected of the area of interest (diagnostic film length).
In addition, for weld inspection, the wires shall be placed across and
perpendicular to the weld axis. Where placement of IQI on the source side is
impracticable, it may be placed on the film side provided the following condition
is met:-
a) Set up a test piece of the same dimensions as the production weld to be
radiographed on which IQIs can be placed on both source and film sides.
b) Place a lead letter 'F' next to the film side IQI.
c) Take a test radiograph using the same radiographic technique that will be
used on the production weld.

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d) Use the source side IQI to achieve the contractual sensitivity and, for
correlation with the radiographic sensitivity for production welds, record the
corresponding sensitivity on the film side IQI.
e) However, at all circumstances IQI shall be placed on the source side for double
wall double image technique.
2.8.4 Film Side IQI
All film side IQIs shall be identified by the letter 'F'.
2.8.5 Number of IQI
i. Panoramic Exposure or Single Wall Single Image Technique

a) When a circumferential weld can be radiographed in a single exposure, using
a single source inside, at least three IQIs equally spaced around the
circumference shall be used.
ii. Elliptical Exposure

a) When a weld is radiographed using a double wall double image technique,
one IQI on the source side shall be used.
iii. Multiple Exposure

a) When the length of a film to be interpreted (diagnostic film length) is eight
inches and longer, two IQIs placed at each end of the diagnostic film length
shall be used.
b) When the diagnostic film length is less than eight inches, one IQI placed at
one end of the diagnostic film length shall be used.
2.9 DIAGNOSTIC FILM LENGTH (DFL)
2.9.1 In order to meet the density requirements and to allow for the fall-off in flaw sensitivity
towards the ends of the radiograph due to an increase in penetrated thickness and to
geometric effects, the Diagnostic Film Length (DFL) shall be limited to thickness not more than
110% of the penetrated/thickness at the center of the radiograph.
2.10 RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING TECHNIQUES
2.10.1 In the procedure submitted to the Owner, the Contractor shall formulate and incorporate
detailed radiographic techniques, including sketches that are to be used in the inspection.
Standard test radiographs shall be produced based on the parameters of the approved
techniques.
2.10.2 Single Wall Exposure Technique
In this technique, the radiation passes through only one wall of the object. An adequate
number of exposures (multiple) shall be made to ensure that the required coverage has been
obtained.

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2.10.3 Double Wall Exposure Technique
When it is not practical to use a Single Wall Exposure Technique, the following shall be used:-
i. Single-wall Viewing
a) In this technique, the radiation passes through two walls, but only the
material or weld near the film side is viewed. An adequate number of
exposures shall be made to ensure that the required coverage has been
obtained. For complete coverage of a circumferential weld or materials, a
minimum of three exposures at 120 degrees to each other shall be made.
ii. Double-wall Viewing

a) This technique applies to materials or welds having 89 mm (3 1/2 inches) or
less in outside diameter.
b) In this technique, the radiation passes through two walls and the material or
weld in both walls is viewed on the same radiograph. For this technique, only
a source side IQI shall be used.
c) For welds, the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the weld at an
angle sufficient to separate the images of the source side and film side
portions of the weld so that there is no overlap of areas to be interpreted. For
complete coverage, a minimum of two exposures at 90 degrees to each other
shall be made for each joint.
d) As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam
positioned so that the images of both walls are superimposed. For complete
coverage a minimum of three exposures at either 60 or 120 degrees to each
other shall be made for each joint. This technique shall be used for thick
walled pipe welds of diameters equal to or less than 25.4 mm (1 inch).
iii. Composite viewing of multiple films exposure is not permitted unless written
approval by the Owner has been obtained.
2.11 QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS
2.11.1 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other blemishes to ensure that they
shall not mask or be confused with the image of any flaw in the area of interest within the
produced radiograph. Such blemishes, include, but are not limited to:
i. Fog
ii. Processing defects such as streaks, water marks or chemical stains
iii. Scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, smudges or tears
iv. False indications due to defective screens or internal faults
v. Interference on areas of interest by lead markers

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2.12 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS
2.12.1 Formula
Geometric Unsharpness (Ug) of a radiograph shall be determined in accordance with

Ug = Fd/D
where Ug = geometric unsharpness

F = source size, the maximum projected dimension of the
radiating source or effective focal spot in
the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the
weld or object being radiographed in
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object
being radiographed
d = distance from source side of weld or object
being radiographed to the film
2.12.2 Limitations
The Geometric Unsharpness (Ug) of the radiograph shall not exceed:-
General British Standards
Thickness of Allowable X-Ray Voltage Allowable

Tested Weld or Geometric or Radioactive Geometric
Object Unsharpness Source Type Unsharpness
(inch) Ug (inch) Ug (inch)

<2 0.020 100 KV 0.05
2 to 3 0.030 200 KV 0.09
>3 to 4 0.040 300 KV 0.12
>4 0.070 400 KV 0.15
Iridium 192 0.17
Cobalt 60 0.35
Table 2.3: Geometric Unsharpness (Ug) Limit of Produced Radiographs
2.13 BACK SCATTER RADIATION CHECK
2.13.1 As a check on back scattered radiation, a lead symbol "B" with minimum dimensions of 13mm
high x 1.5mm thick (½ in. high x 1/16 in. thick) shall be attached to the back of each film holder.

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2.13.2 If a light image of "B" appears on the darker background of the radiograph, the protection
from back scatter is insufficient and the radiograph shall be rejected. However, a dark image
of "B" on a lighter background is not a cause for rejection.
2.14 CALIBRATION OF DENSITOMETER
2.14.1 Calibration of Densitometer shall be done twice per year.

2.14.2 All calibration certificate shall be made available before any RT activity took place.
2.15 DENSITY (TRANSMITTED H&D DENSITY)
2.15.1 Pressure Vessel, Piping and Above Ground Storage Tank
The transmitted H&D density at adjacent to the designated wire IQI and the whole area of
interest shall be minimum 1.8 - 4.0 for X-ray and 2.0 - 4.0 for gamma ray sources. The
maximum density variation at anywhere of the area of interest shall be minus 15% or plus 30%
from the adjacent to the designated wire IQI.
2.15.2 Structural Steel
The transmitted H&D density shall comply with 2.14.1 above except for the requirement for
density variation.
2.15.3 Pipeline
The transmitted H&D density at adjacent to the designated wire IQI and the whole area of
interest shall be 1.8 – 4.0
2.16 SENSITIVITY
2.16.1 Sensitivity is usually taken a measure of image quality and is expressed as a percentage in the
following equation:-
Diameter of the smallest visible wire on the radiograph x 100

Sensitivity = ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Specimen thickness
Unless otherwise agreed by the Owner, the sensitivity, using wire type IQI, shall be less than
or equal to 2%. In sensitivity computation, the source side IQI shall be used.
2.16.2 Otherwise, sensitivity shall comply with ASME V Article 2 requirements.
2.16.3 The thickness used for sensitivity computation shall be as follows:-
i. Single-wall Technique and Single-wall Viewing

a) The thickness of the specimen.
ii. Double-wall Technique and Single-wall Viewing

a) The nominal single wall thickness adjacent to the film of the specimen.

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iii. Double-wall Technique and Double-wall Viewing

a) The nominal double-wall thickness of the specimen.
2.16.4 For weldment radiography, the thickness used for sensitivity computation shall include the
thickness of the weld reinforcement as permitted in the applicable code/standard/
specification.
2.17 FILM PROCESSING
2.17.1 Contractor shall describe detailed film processing procedure including equipment and
accessories used to produce quality radiograph to the Owner for approval. Contractor shall
consult the film and processing chemicals manufacturers for detailed recommendations for
film processing.
2.17.2 Manual Procedure
Developing time varies with temperature. It is therefore imperative that the film
manufacturer's recommended developing time and temperature shall be adhered to. The
fixing time shall be twice the time needed to clear an unexposed film. An acid stop bath shall
be used between the developer and fixer. Developed films shall be washed thoroughly for a
minimum of ten minutes in running water and twenty minutes in still water.
2.17.3 Drying
Films shall be dried in a dryer which is in good, safe condition or a drying cabinet, at
temperature not exceeding 55ºC. When there is no urgency, films may be dried in a dry, dust
free room. No films shall be subjected to continued exposure to a temperature higher than
40ºC.
2.17.4 Automatic Processing
i. The automatic processor shall be able to handle the work load and speed
required.
ii. The processor shall maintain the chemical solutions at the proper temperature
agitate and replenish the solutions automatically and transport the films
mechanically at a carefully controlled speed throughout the processing cycle. It is
imperative that the processor, films and chemicals are compatibly matched.
2.17.5 Film Storage Life
i. Films shall be processed to ensure their integrity for at least five (5) years under
normal storage conditions.
ii. Films also can be transformed to digital image for the purpose of archiving.
Note: Films with mechanical scratch or water/chemical mark would not be able
to be validated on digital image.

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2.18 VIEWING FACILITIES
2.18.1 Viewing room shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause
troublesome reflections, shadows or glare on the radiographs.
2.18.2 Viewers shall provide variable light intensities to view radiographs up to 4.0 H & D density.
2.18.3 All radiographs shall be viewed, interpreted and evaluated in the properly dried condition.
2.19 VIEWING CONDITION
2.19.1 Viewing condition shall be such that light from around the outer edge of the radiograph or
coming through low-density portions of the radiograph does not interfere with interpretation.
2.19.2 The dark environment needed to view the film should be around 2 lux.
2.19.3 When Radio Interpreter view were disrupted by light, he/she must take a 5 minutes
adaption to adapt the eyes to dark room condition again.
2.20 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
2.20.1 The acceptance and rejection criteria shall be in accordance with the specific contract
specification, codes and standards.
2.20.2 The Owner shall have the final decision on the interpretation and evaluation of radiographs.
2.21 RECORDS AND REPORTS
2.21.1 The Contractor shall submit records and reports in accordance with the following:-
i. Films and objects (e.g. welds) radiographed shall be clearly identified in a manner
approved by the Owner so that the radiograph and the weld to which it pertains
to can be immediately located.
ii. A summary of all objects radiographed and the results of the inspection i.e. cut-
out, grind and repair, etc., in accordance with the Owner's requirements, shall be
furnished to the Owner daily.
iii. The records of all objects radiographed including those of rejected welds, repairs
and any reshoots shall be properly catalogued and filled to permit ready retrieval
and identification during and after construction.
iv. Completed radiographed reports shall accompany all interpreted radiographs.
2.22 PACKING OF FILM
2.22.1 All sheet films shall be inserted in the paper sleeves and packed into their original boxes after
evaluation.

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2.22.2 All roll films (Rollpac) shall be rolled up properly and packed into suitable boxes after
evaluation. On completion of the projected these boxes shall be packed into cartons suitable
for archiving as instructed by the Owner.
2.22.3 Suitable markings shall be provided on the boxes and cartons for easy retrieval including
proper documentation as required by the Owner.

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3.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:
PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01
Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & PTS 00.01.03
Reading Guide
Radiation Protection
PTS 18.34.03
Project Documentation
PTS 19.10.02
MALAYSIA STANDARDS
Laws of Malaysia
Atomic Energy Licensing Act and Regulations
Act 304
National Occupational Skill Standard for RT NOSS (RT)
AMERICAN STANDARDS
ANSI/ASME V
Non-destructive examination.
ASME B31.4
Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other
Liquids
ASME B31.8
Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
ASTM E95
Standard guide for radiographic examination
ASTM E1815
Standard test method for classification of film systems for industrial
radiography
ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive CP-189
Testing Personnel
SNT-TC-1A
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT)
Recommended Practice
GERMAN STANDARDS
DIN 54109 Part 1
Non-destructive testing; image quality of radiographs; concepts,
image quality indicators, determination of image quality value.

PTS 15.30.01
Page 20 of 21
BRITISH STANDARDS
BS EN 1435
Non-destructive of welds
ISO STANDARDS
Non-destructive testing-Radiographic testing of metallic materials

using film and X- or gamma rays
ISO 5579

PTS 15.30.01
Page 21 of 21
APPENDIX 1 : SAMPLE LOCATION MARKER ARRANGEMENT
(Source refer to ASME V, Fig. T-275)

Radiographic Testing

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PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

43.243.140.82 rairlangga@toyo-eng.com rairlangga@toyo-eng.com 07/13/2020 06:37:38 GMT

43.243.140.82 rairlangga@toyo-eng.com rairlangga@toyo-eng.com 07/13/2020 06:37:38 GMT

43.243.140.82 rairlangga@toyo-eng.com rairlangga@toyo-eng.com 07/13/2020 06:37:38 GMT

1.1.1 This PTS applies to all equipment type including:

ii. Process piping

iii. Onshore and offshore pipelines

iv. Atmospheric Storage Tanks

v. Onshore and offshore structures

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms

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1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

5 IQI Image Quality Indicator

6 JPK Jabatan Pembangunan Kemahiran Malaysia

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

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2.0 SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

This section describes minimum requirement of personnel qualifications and specific

2.1 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

i. Shall possess a valid JPK Level II certification in Industrial Radiography and/or

ii. Shall have at least 2 years’ experience in Industrial Radiography of tubular

2.1.2 Assistant Radiographer

i. Shall possess a valid JPK Level I certification in Industrial Radiography or other

ii. Shall have at least 1 year of relevant experience as an assistant radiographer

2.1.3 Radiographic Interpreters

2.1.4 Employer Based Certification

2.2 RADIATION SAFETY

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ii. PTS 18.34.03.

i. material type and thickness range

ii. isotope or maximum X-ray voltage used

iii. source-to-object distance (D in T-274.1)

iv. distance from source side of object to film (d in-274.1)

v. source size (F in T-274.1)

vi. film brand and designation

vii. screens used

i. Approved remote wind-out gamma radiography systems.

ii. Collimators and lead sheets

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iv. Isotope transport container

vi. X-ray crawlers

vii. Cassettes complete with lead screens or fluorometallic intensifying screen

viii. Sets of lead numbers and letters

x. Films (ASTM film type 1 and 2)

xi. Dark Room complete with accessories and processing facilities.

xii. ASTM or ISO or equivalent Wire Penetrameters

xiv. Electronic Dosimeter

2.4.3 Gamma Radiography System and Radiation Energy

i. Gamma Radiography System

a) The gamma radiography system shall be approved by AELB or equivalent for

Application Strength (curies)

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ii. Gamma Radiation

Material to be Tested Thickness Limit (mm)

Carbon steel <35 mm