I

nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Decl
arat
ion
Wear
eher
edecl
aret
othatt
hewor
k,i
tiswel
lknownt
hatwachemouni
ver
sit
ywantt
o
est
abl
i
shsust
ainabl
econnect
ionwi
thpr
ivetandpubl
i
csect
orst
ocr
eat
ebet
terl
i
nkage
bet
weeni
ndust
ri
esandi
nst
it
ute,
whi
chi
sbei
ngpr
esent
edi
nther
epor
toni
nter
nshi
pat
Ar
ba Mi
nch Text
il
e shar
e Company Sebet
a Dy
eing &Fi
nishi
ng Fact
ory
.Fort
he
compl
eti
onofi
nter
nshi
ppr
ogr
am,
car
ri
edoutf
rom 14/
02/
11t
o30/
05/
11E.
C.Undert
he
super
visi
onofMr
s.Sal
am Mol
aandMr
.Mi
ti
ku,Theyar
einst
ruct
orsi
nFacul
tyof
El
ect
ri
cal
Engi
neer
ingi
nWachemoUni
ver
sit
yinEt
hiopi
a.

Al
lrel
evantr
esour
ces ofi
nfor
mat
ion used i
nthi
s paperhav
e been dul
y
Acknowl
edge.

NameofSt
udent
s Si
gnat
ure Dat
e

1.
GosaBat
eri

2.Gi
zawRegassa

3.Lami
Mot
i

Thi
sist
ocer
ti
fyt
hatt
heabov
est
atementmadebyt
hecandi
dat
eiscor
rectt
othebest
ofourknowl
edgeandbel
i
ef.Thi
srepor
thasbeensubmi
tt
edf
orpr
esent
ati
onwi
thour
appr
oval
.

1Mr
.Mi
ti
kuTi
l
ahun

2Mr
s.Sal
em Mol
a
¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_
___
___
___
___
___ _
___
___
___
___
___

Ment
orName Si
gnat
ure

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Dat
e

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Fi
rstofandf
oremostal
lwewoul
dli
ket
othankourGODf
ort
heunl
i
mit
edhel
p.Hehas
donef
oruswhi
l
ewewer
eoni
nter
nshi
pper
iod.Nextt
othatspeci
alt
hanksdeser
vet
o
Wachemo Uni
ver
sit
y,Uni
ver
sit
yIndust
ry Li
nkage of
fi
ce,El
ect
ri
caland Comput
er
Engi
neer
ingDepar
tmentf
orpr
epar
ingusandgi
vi
ngf
orust
heknowl
edgeweusedon
ouri
nter
nshi
pst
ay.

Nextt
othatwewoul
dli
ket
oof
ferourhear
tful
lrespectandwantt
osayt
hanky
out
o
ouradv
isorf
rom uni
ver
sit
yMr
.Mi
ti
kuTandMr
s.Sal
em M.Al
sowewoul
dli
ket
othank
Ar
baMi
nchText
il
eShar
eCompanySebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
oryf
orl
ett
ingusi
n.
Andwewoul
dli
ket
othankal
lthewor
keroft
hiscompanyespeci
all
ywewentt
oregi
ster
ourhear
tfel
tthankst
oMr
.Mamude.(
off
iceengi
neer
)forhi
sdayt
odaysuper
visi
on,
shar
ing hi
s exper
ience and adv
ice i
n ourf
utur
e Endeav
ourand Mr
.Mohammad
(
Elect
ri
calManger
),Mr
.Ti
l
ahunandMr
.El
yase,oursecondadv
iser
sint
hecompanyand
al
so t
o ot
herst
aff member
sfort
hei
rsuper
visi
on and gui
dance.Mor
eov
er,we
appr
eci
ateal
lst
affmember
s;f
inal
l
ywewoul
dli
ket
oexpr
essourhear
tful
lappr
eci
ati
on
t
o ourf
ami
l
yand f
ri
endsf
ort
hei
rencour
agement
,tol
eranceand endl
esssuppor
t
t
hroughoutourst
ayi
nthei
nter
nshi
ppr
ogr
am

I
ndust
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alCont
rol
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 I
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pRepor
t 2019

EXCUTI
VESUMMERY
Engi
neer
ingdeal
swi
thcr
eat
ingt
het
hingst
hatdonotexi
sti
nthenat
ureandsol
vi
ngt
he
pr
obl
em.Thesepr
obl
emsmustbesol
vedbysci
ent
if
icway.
Sol
vi
ngpr
act
ical
probl
ems
f
rom engi
neer
sdependi
ngont
heor
eti
cal
backgr
ound.Basedont
henewcur
ri
cul
um we
wer
econduct
ingouri
nter
nshi
pforonef
ull
semest
eratAr
baMi
nchText
il
eShar
e
CompanySebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory
.Thi
sfi
nal
int
ernshi
prepor
tisgi
vebr
ief
expl
anat
ionofourt
rai
ningsf
rom t
hebegi
nni
ngt
otheend.I
tincl
udest
hebr
iefhi
stor
yof
myhost
ingcompanyATSCv
isi
on,
missi
on,
elect
ri
cal
equi
pmentoft
heCompanyand
i
nter
connect
ion.Dur
ingt
hepastf
ourmont
hwewer
ewor
kingi
nAr
baMi
nchText
il
e
Shar
eCompanySebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
oryasani
nter
naf
teroursuccessf
ul
compl
eti
onoft
hef
ir
stf
oury
ear
sst
udyofEl
ect
ri
cal
andComput
erEngi
neer
ingon
Cont
rol
str
eam.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
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i
i
 I
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pRepor
t 2019

Tabl
eofContent
s
Decl
arat
ion i
Acknowl
edgement i
i
Excut
ivesummer
y i
i
i
Chapt
erOne 1
I
ntr
oduct
ion 1
1.
1Backgr
oundofATSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory 1
1.
2 Br
iefHi
stor
y 1
1.
2.1Vi
sionandMi
ssi
onofATSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory 1
1.
2.2Vi
sion 1
1.
2.3Mi
ssi
on 1
1.
3.RawMat
eri
alandSuppl
i
ers 2
1.
4Mai
nCust
omer
s 2
1.4.
1MainPr
oduct
sofAr
baMi
nchText
il
eSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
shi
ng
fact
ory 2
1.
5TheOv
eral
lOr
gani
zat
ion 4
1.
5.1Cont
ri
but
ionoft
hecompanyt
othecommuni
ty 4
CHAPTERTwo 5
I
ndust
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alCont
rol
Engi
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 I
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pRepor
t 2019

2.
TheOv
erAl
lInt
ernshi
p Exper
ience 5
2.
1Obj
ect
ivesoft
heI
nter
nshi
p 5
2.
2Gener
alobj
ect
ive 5
2.
3Speci
fi
cInt
ernshi
pobj
ect
ives: 5
2.
3.2Sect
ionoft
heCompanyWehav
ebeenwor
king 6
2.
3.3.Wor
kfl
owoft
heCompany 7
2.4HowDoesTheWor
kFl
owLookLi
ke? 10
2.
5Wor
ktaskswehav
ebeeni
nvol
ved 11
2.
6El ect
ri
calPowerSuppl
y&Di
str
ibut
ionSy
stem i
nATSCSebet
aDy
eing&
Fi
nishingFact
ory 11
2.
7Cont
rol
Uni
toft
hePl
ant 13
2.
7.1I
ntr
oduct
iont
oPr
ogr
ammabl
elogi
ccont
rol
l
erorPLC 13
2.
8Basi
cEl
ect
ri
cal
tool
susedbyt
hecompany 15
2.
9 Sensor
s 23
2.
10El
ect
roni
csandEqui
pmentMai
ntenanceWor
kshop 26
2.
11Mot
orst
art
ingmet
hods 26
2.
12 Chal
l
engesofOurI
nter
nshi
p 30
2.
13Measur
esTakenI
nOr
derToOv
ercomet
heChal
l
enges 30
CHAPTERTHREE 31
3.
Over
all
Benef
it
sgai
nedf
rom I
nter
nshi
p 31
3.
1Int
ermsofi
mpr
ovi
ngourPr
act
ical
Ski
l
ls 31
3.
2Int
ermsofUpgr
adi
ngTheor
eti
cal
Knowl
edge 31
3.
3Int
ermsofI
mpr
ovi
ngI
nterper
sonal
Communi
cat
ionSki
l
ls. 31
3.
4Int
ermsofI
mpr
ovi
ngTeam Pl
ayi
ngSki
l
l 32
3.
5Int
ermsofi
mpr
ovi
ngl
eadershi
pski
l
ls 32
3.
6Int
ermsofUnder
standi
ngaboutWor
kEt
hicsRel
atedI
ssues 32
3.
7Int
ernsofI
mpr
ovi
ngEnt
repr
eneur
shi
pSki
l
ls 33

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rol
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 I
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pRepor
t 2019

CHAPTERFOUR 34
4Concl
usi
onandRecommendat
ion 34
4.
1Concl
usi
on 34
4.
2Recommendat
ionsf
ort
heUni
ver
sit
y 35
4.
3.Recommendat
ionf
ort
heCompany 35
Ref
erence 37
Appendi
x 38
Chapt
erFi
ve 38
5.I
nter
shi
pPr
ojectTi
tl
e 38
5.
1PowerFact
orCor
rect
or 38
5.
2Obj
ect
ivesOfPr
oject 38
5.
2.1Gener
alObj
ect
ive 38
5.
2.2Speci
fi
cobj
ect
ive 38
5.
3Di
sadv
ant
ageOfLowPowerFact
or 39
5.
4PowerFact
orI
mpr
ovementEqui
pment 39
5.
5Dat
aAnal
ysi
s 40
5.
6Concl
usi
on 41

I
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rol
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t 2019

Chapt
erOne

I
ntr
oduct
ion
Ani
nter
nshi
pisani
mpor
tantl
ear
ningmechani
sm t
oimpr
ovet
het
heor
eti
calknowl
edge
gai
nedf
rom cl
asst
opr
act
icalski
l
lsf
orst
udent
s.Thi
sal
sohel
pst
hest
udent
saf
ter
gr
aduat
iont
oint
erdi
rect
lyi
ntot
hepr
act
icalwor
ld.Thi
sint
ernshi
ppr
ogr
am i
sgi
vent
o
5t
hyearEl
ect
ri
caland Comput
erEngi
neer
ing st
udent
s af
tert
he end ofei
ght
h
Semest
erst
heor
eti
caleducat
ioni
nourUni
ver
sit
y.Ani
nter
nshi
ppr
ogr
am hasmany
adv
ant
agest
o st
udent
sforupgr
adi
ng and i
mpr
ovi
ng t
het
heor
eti
calknowl
edget
o
pr
act
icalknowl
edge,notonl
yfort
hest
udent
s,butal
soadv
ant
ageousf
ort
hehost
ing
compani
esmanyway
sfori
mpr
ovi
ngqual
i
typr
oduct
sandsol
vi
ngpr
obl
emsbypr
oject
s
hel
dfort
hecompani
esbyt
hest
udent
sdur
ingt
hei
rint
ernshi
ppr
ogr
am.

1.
1Backgr
oundofATSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory

1.
2 Br
iefHi
stor
y
ATSCSebet
aDy ei
ng&f
ini
shi
ngf
act
orywasest
abl
i
shedi
n2012G.
C.Dur
ingt
hisy
ear
onl
yconst
ruct
ionandot
heri
nfr
ast
ruct
urehav
ebeendone.ATSCDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ng
Fact
oryl
i
esi
n49,
000met
ersquar
ewhi
chwasf
ound17KM f
arf
rom Addi
sAbabai
nthe
sout
h-west
ernEt
hiopi
a.I
nthi
scompany
,ther
ear
efourhugedepar
tment
swhi
char
e
Dy
eing,St
ent
er,Pr
int
ingandFi
nishi
ng.Thi
sdepar
tmentl
ayi
n10,
000squar
emet
ers.
ATSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngf
act
oryst
art
edi
nit
ial
capi
tal
1000,
000,
000bi
rr
..

1.
2.1Vi
sionandMi
ssi
onofATSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory

1.
2.2Vi
sion
 Tobet
hebestsuppl
ychoi
cef
orl
eadi
ngr
etai
l
ersandbr
ands.

 Tobet
heonest
opshopf
oranycust
omerr
equi
rementofpr
oductand
ser
vice.

 Tobet
hesuppor
ti
nghomef
orhi
sempl
oyeesandl
ocal
busi
nesspar
tner

1.
2.3Mi
ssi
on
 Rel
i
abl
eandef
fect
iveser
vice,i
nti
mepr
oduct
ionanddel
i
ver
yaswel
lashi
gh

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing1
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
f
lexi
bil
i
ty.

 Cr
eat
ingj
oboppor
tuni
ti
esandpr
ofessi
onal
i
sm i
nthef
iel
d.

 Topr
oduceandsuppl
yhi
ghestqual
i
typr
oduct
sthatsat
isf
ycust
omer
s’needsby
opt
imi
zi
ngr
esear
chandst
ri
ctqual
i
tyassur
ancei
nal
laspectofpr
oduct
ion.

 Cont
inual
l
yincr
easi
ngpr
ofi
tabl
e,sust
ainabl
euni
tcasesal
esofournew and
exi
sti
ngconsumer
sthr
oughexcel
l
entser
vice.

1.
3.RawMat er
ialandSuppli
ers
In GreyFabr
ic product
ionrowmat
eri
ali
nfl
uencespr
oduct
ivi
tyandqual
i
tyt
oav
ery
l
argeext
ent
.Ar
baMi
nchf
act
orypur
chasesi
tsr
ow mat
eri
alf
rom di
ff
erentgi
nni
ng
f
act
ori
esbot
hfr
om domest
icandf
orei
gncompani
es.

 Fi
nishedGr
eyf
abr
icf
rom Ar
baMi
nch(
mai
ncompany
)

 Gr
eyFabr
icFr
om Chai
n

 Gr
eyFabr
icf
rom Adam

1.
4MainCust
omers
Themai
ncustomerofAr
abMi
nchText
il
eSCSebet
aDy
eing&f
ini
shi
ngFact
ory
i
spur
chasespr
oduct
sforEur
opeespeci
all
yforGer
many
,Chai
n,Hol
l
andand
Tur
kish.

 Themostpr
oduct
sar
eexpor
ttoEur
ope,becauset
hepr
oducti
s
hi
ghqual
i
tyandex
pensi
vet
olocal
mar
ket
.

 Themai
ncost
umeroft
hecompanyi
sTchi
bowhi
chi
sfoundi
n
Ger
many
.
 FareastAsi
a

1.
4.1Mai
nPr
oduct
sofAr
baMi
nchText
il
eSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
shi
ngf
act
ory
Local
mar
ketpr
oduct
sofAr
baMi
nchText
il
eSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
oryar
e:

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing2
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
 AbuJedi

 Di
ff
erentwool

 Bedspr
ead

 Bedsheet

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing3
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019

1.
5TheOv
eral
lOr
gani
zat
ion
Ownerof
the
company

G/
manage

Human
Adv
isor resource
depar
tmen per
sonal cl
i
nic secur
it
t y

Const
ruct
ion
Account
manager
andcost
depar
tment
Accountant Cost
Fi
nanceand
sect
ion manageme
Admi
ni r
stat
io nt
n
Purchasi
n
Dy
eing gand
manager suppl
y
depart
men
Pur
chasi
ng
st
ore
sect
ion
St
ent
erM I
mport,
Expor
tand
logi
sti
c
depar
tmen I
mpor t Tr
ansport
Pr
int
ingM t andlogi
sti
c
Gar
age
and

Fi
nishi
ngM
manager

Headof
fi
ceFi
gur
e1.
1TheOv
eral
lOr
gani
zat
ion

1.
5.1Cont
ri
but
ionoft
hecompanyt
othecommuni
ty
ATSC Sebet
aDy
eing& Fi
nishi
ngFact
orySuppor
tthecommuni
tybypr
ovi
dingt
he
f
oll
owi
ngser
vicesf
ort
hecommuni
ty.
 Wat
erser
vice.

 El
ect
ri
cfaci
l
ityand

 Road

I
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alCont
rol
Engi
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 I
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pRepor
t 2019

CHAPTER2

TheOv
erAl
lInt
ernshi
p Exper
ience
2.
1Obj
ect
ivesoft
heI
nter
nshi
p

2.
2Generalobj
ecti
ve
Theobj
ecti
veoftheint
ernshi
pcour
sei
stof
aci
l
itat
eref
lect
iononexper
iencesobt
ained
i
nthei
nter
nshi
pandt
oenhanceunder
standi
ngofacademi
cmat
eri
alsbyappl
i
cat
ioni
n
t
hei
nter
nshi
pset
ti
ng.I
nter
nshi
pswi
l
lpr
ovi
dest
udent
stheoppor
tuni
tyt
otestt
hei
r
i
nter
esti
napar
ti
cul
arcar
eerbef
oreper
manentcommi
tment
sar
emade.I
nter
nshi
p
st
udent
s wi
l
ldev
elop ski
l
ls and t
echni
ques di
rect
ly appl
i
cabl
etot
hei
rcar
eer
s.
I
nter
nshi
pswi
l
lpr
ovi
dest
udent
stheoppor
tuni
tyt
odev
elopat
ti
tudesconduci
vet
o
ef
fect
ivei
nter
per
sonalr
elat
ionshi
ps.I
n gener
al,an I
nter
nshi
pist
houghtofas a
pr
ogr
am whi
ch"
bri
dgest
hegap"
bet
weent
heacademi
cenv
ironmentandaf
utur
ewor
k
env
ironment
.Manyempl
oyer
spr
eferst
udent
swhohav
epr
evi
ouswor
kexper
ienceand
t
hei
nter
nshi
par
egener
all
ymor
econf
identandmor
equal
i
fiedwhenseeki
ngf
utur
e
empl
oyment

2.
3Specif
icInter
nshi
pobjecti
ves:
Toprov
ideintensi
vefi
eldexper
ienceal
l
owi
ngf
orhands

Tor
ecei
veani
ntr
oduct
iont
oanor
gani
zat
ionwi
thi
ntheI
nfor
mat
ionSy
stemsi
ndust
ry
andt
ogai
nabet
terunder
standi
ngofi
tsdesi
gnandst
ruct
ure.

Todev
elopanunder
standi
ngofanor
gani
zat
ion'
svar
iousmanagementandt
echni
cal
ski
l
ls,
thecommuni
cat
ionst
echni
quesandt
hedeci
sion

 To appl
y whatwas l
ear
ned dur
ing cour
sewor
k(t
heor
y,ski
l
ldev
elopment
,
pr
ofessi
onal
i
sm)t
othewor
kingwor
ld.

 Toal
l
ow t
heor
gani
zat
iont
obenef
itf
rom at
rai
neewhohasgai
nedknowl
edge
aboutl
atestt
echnol
ogi
esav
ail
abl
eandt
obenef
itf
rom t
het
rai
nee’
sobj
ect
ive
v
iewpoi
nt.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing5
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
 Toal
l
owt
heI
nter
ntoassumer
esponsi
bil
i
tiesofanon-
funct
ionwi
thami
nimum
ofsuper
visi
on.

 Tohel
pthest
udentmakebet
terI
nfor
mat
ionSy
stemscar
eerchoi
cesi
nthe
f
utur
e.

 Toal
l
ow t
hest
udentt
opr
epar
efort
hei
rfut
urenon-
Int
ernshi
pjobbyseeki
ng
pot
ent
ial
placesofempl
oyment
,pr
act
ici
ngr
esume.

HowWeGeti
ntoTheCompany
?
Af
tert
akenourr
equestpaperf
rom WachemoUni
ver
sit
y,UI
L(Uni
ver
sit
yIndust
ri
al
Leakage)of
fi
cet
henwest
art
edt
ofi
ndcompanywhi
chgi
vesusoppor
tuni
tyf
orus
i
nter
nshi
ppr
ogr
am Makeaf
ormalr
equestf
ormanycompani
esandwegotATSC
Sebet
a Dy
eing&f
ini
shi
ngf
act
ory
.Thi
scompanyi
soneoft
hebi
ggestf
act
ori
esi
n
Et
hiopi
awhi
chi
sal
soi
mpl
ement
smanyengi
neer
ingcor
por
ati
onf
ori
tswi
der
angeof
pr
oduct
ionsy
stem.Ther
eforsel
ect
ingt
hiscompanyi
susef
ult
oacqui
reoni
tsgi
vi
ng
exper
ienceandknowl
edgeofEl
ect
ri
cal
engi
neer
ingdepar
tment
.Thi
scompanycont
ains
f
ourdi
ff
erentsect
ionwhi
chpr
oducedi
ff
erentt
ypesofpr
oduct
,fort
hisr
easoni
tis
usef
ult
osel
ectorj
oint
hiscompanyi
nor
dert
ogai
nmor
eexper
ienceandknowl
edgeat
di
ff
erentsect
ion

2.
3.2Sect
ionoft
heCompanyWehav
ebeenwor
king
Now ATSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
oryi
sourhost
ingcompanyandst
art
sour
i
nter
nshi
p.Whenwer
eacht
oAr
baMi
nchText
il
eSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory
,
wej
ustgoi
ngt
otechni
quesdepar
tmentof
fi
ceandmeett
oMr
.Mamude whoi
s
t
echni
quedi
rect
ort
henwedi
scusssomepoi
ntsandagr
eeeachot
her
.Nexthei
scal
l
ing
t
oMr
.Mohammadt
alkt
othem andassi
gnst
hem t
oindust
rysuper
visorwei
ntr
oduce
eachot
herandgoi
ngt
oel
ect
ri
calmai
ntenanceof
fi
ce.Ther
ear
eel
ect
ri
ciansi
nsi
dehe
i
ntr
oduceust
othem andst
artt
ovi
sitt
hecompanywor
kingpl
acewi
thhi
m.Ther
ear
e
f
ourdepar
tment
sinAr
baMi
nchText
il
eSC Sebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory
.These
ar
e:Dy
eing,St
ent
er,Pr
int
ing,andf
ini
shi
ngdepar
tment
.Wehav
ebeenwor
kingi
neach
sect
ionordepar
tmentbecausei
neachdepar
tmentdi
ff
erentt
ypesofmachi
near
e

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing6
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
exi
sts.

2.
3.3.Wor
kfl
owoft
heCompany
Togett
hef
inalpr
oductdi
ff
erentt
ypesofpr
ocessar
eachi
evedi
nthi
scompany
.Most
oft
hepr
ocessesar
eachi
evedbyusi
ngdi
ff
erentmachi
nes.Wewi
l
ldi
scussaboutt
he
machi
nest
hatar
eusedf
ort
hepr
oduct
ionpur
posei
neachsect
ion.Thef
ir
stsect
ion
t
hatwehav
ewor
kedi
sDy
eingdepar
tment
.ATSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory
hast
wo par
tswhi
char
epr
oduct
ionandmai
ntenance.Pr
oduct
ionpar
tshav
efour
sect
ions.Thesemai
nsect
ionsar
e:

 Dy
eing,

 St
ent
er

 Pr
int
ing,
andFi
nishi
ngsect
ion

Eachsub-
processi
sfur
therdi
scussedbel
ow.

1)Dy
eingMachi
ne
I
nDy
eingmachi
net
her
ear
efourmaj
orst
epshasbeenper
for
medandeachof
t
hem ar
eil
l
ust
rat
edaf
teri
nthef
ig.bel
l
ow.

Fi
gur
e2.1:
dyei
ngmachi
ne

Thet
otal
wor
kfl
owi
nthi
ssect
ioni
sthef
oll
owi
ngpr
ocess:

a)Bl
eachi
ng;i
nthi
spr
ocessi
nor
dert
oremov
inganyki
ndofwast
eli
kedust
,
i
mpur
it
ies,oi
landcel
l
ulosespeci
fi
cal
l
ywhi
chi
sfoundi
nvi
scosef
abr
ic.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing7
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
Whent
hispr
ocessi
sfi
nished.I
mmedi
atel
ythef
abr
ici
scheckedwhet
her
ornott
heabov
est
atedpr
obl
em i
sremov
ed.
b)Dy
eing;i
nthi
spr
ocesst
her
ear
etwoki
ndsoft
ank(
CAN)namel
ytank1and
t
ank2cont
ainonl
ypai
ntandsoda.Wher
east
ank2cont
ainchemi
cal
s,aci
ds,
sof
tenerandsal
t.Si
ncet
hepai
nthasposi
ti
vei
onandNCLhav
enegat
ive
i
onsot
hatt
heyat
tracteachot
her
.Thi
senabl
est
hef
abr
ict
obedy
ed.Af
ter
t
hishappent
hesodaorcaust
icsodawoul
dbeaddedt
oenabl
ethedy
ed
f
abr
icst
abi
l
ized.
c)Washi
ng;i
nthi
spr
ocess,
usi
ngsoapandaci
dst
ocl
eandy
edf
abr
ic.I
nthi
s
st
ept
heoper
atorcheckedwhet
herornott
hedy
edf
abr
icf
adesornot
.
d)Sof
teni
ng;t
hisi
sthef
inalst
epst
hatcanbeper
for
medi
ndy
eingmachi
ne.
Sof
tenerwoul
dbel
i
kepel
est
onewhi
chi
sfor
medbycombi
ningdi
ff
erent
chemi
cal
stoget
her
.Sot
hatast
henamei
ndi
cat
essof
teneri
senabl
i
ngt
he
f
abr
ict
obesof
tandr
eadyf
ort
henextoper
ati
on.

Al
lchemi
cal
s,sal
tandsof
tenerar
etobepr
epar
edi
nthef
rontpar
tofr
oom.Thi
s
chemi
cal
s,sal
tandsof
tenercanbet
ranspor
tedt
othedesi
reddy
eingmachi
ne
t
hrought
hepi
pe,
whi
char
eadj
ust
edont
hemachi
nebyt
hemechani
sm of
Aut
omat
ion.Thi
ssy
stem enabl
i
ngal
lchemi
cal
sandt
heabov
est
ated
par
amet
ersar
etobeabl
etomov
eint
hedesi
redy
eingmachi
ne.Aut
omat
ioni
s
comput
eri
zedsy
stem whi
chcont
rol
stheamountofaci
dsandot
herchemi
cal
to
bemi
xedandr
eachedpr
oper
lywi
thoutanyobst
acl
esbyusi
ngchemi
sts.

2)St
ent
erMachi
ne
Thepur
poseofSt
ent
ermachi
nei
stobr
ingi
ngt
hel
engt
handwi
dtht
opr
edet
ermi
ne
di
mensi
onsandal
sof
orheatset
ti
ngandi
t’
susedf
orappl
yi
ngf
ini
shi
ngchemi
cal
sand
al
soshadev
ari
ati
oni
sadj
ust
ed.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing8
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Fi
g2.
2St
ent
ermachi
ne

Funct
ionofSt
ent
ermachi
ne

 St
ret
cht
hef
abr
icandr
ecov
ert
hewi
dth

 Wi
dthoft
hef
abr
ici
scont
rol
l
edbyt
heSt
ent
er

 Fi
nishi
ngchemi
cal
appl
yonf
abr
icbyt
heSt
ent
er

3)
Pri
nti
ng
Fabr
icsar
epr
int
edwi
thcol
orsandpat
ter
nsusi
ngav
ari
etyoft
echni
ques.Pr
int
ingi
s
car
ri
ed outusi
ng pr
intpast
e cont
aini
ng dy
est
uff
,pi
gment
s and ot
herauxi
l
iar
y
chemi
cal
s.Di
ff
erentt
ypesofpr
int
ingmachi
nesar
eav
ail
abl
ebutf
ort
het
ext
il
epur
pose,
f
latscr
eenpr
int
ingandt
her
otar
ypr
int
ingmachi
nesar
ethemostwi
del
yused.The
r
otar
ypr
int
ingpr
ocessi
ssel
ect
edf
ort
hepr
ojectduet
oit
shi
ghpr
oduct
ivi
tyandi
tisa
r
otar
ypr
int
ingmachi
newi
th12scr
eenheads,5dr
yingandf
ixi
ngchamber
sandwi
tha
f
ull
yequi
ppedengr
avi
ng/
desi
gn-
maki
ngf
aci
l
ity
.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing9
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Fi
g2.
3Pr
int
ingmachi
ne.

4 Fi
nishi
ng

Af
tert
hedy
eingorpr
int
ingpr
ocesses,
fini
shi
ngi
snor
mal
l
ythel
astpar
tofal
lpr
ocesses.
Byusi
ng mechani
caland/
orchemi
calpr
ocesses,t
hef
abr
ici
sthengi
veni
tsf
inal
appear
anceandt
hemechani
calst
abi
l
ity(
ant
i-
crushpr
oper
ty,anddi
mensi
onst
abi
l
ity
dur
ingwashi
ng,
sof
teni
ng,
etc.

2.4HowDoesTheWor
kFl
owLookLi
ke?

Grey Unr
oll
i
ng Dyeing Hy
droextr
act
ing Loop
f
abri
c machi
ne machine machi
ne opener

St
enter1 Grey Cal
ederi
n
machine Sigi
ng g
machine

Pr
int
ing
machin
e

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing10
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Loop
st
eamer
machi
ne

Washi
ng
machi
ne

St
enter2 Fi
nishi
ng
machine

Out
packi
ng

Fi
gur
e2.
5wor
kfl
ow
I
mpor
t&

2.
5Worktaskswehav
ebeeninvolv
ed
I
ntheATSCSebet
aDyeing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
orywehav
ebeenwor
kingwi
th
El
ect
ri
cal
Engi
neer
sandel
ect
ri
cians,
oper
ator
sandot
hersubdi
vi
sion
t
echni
ci
an’
swor
kint
hedepar
tment
.

Aski
ngbasi
cquest
ionsaboutt
hemachi
nesel
ect
ri
cal
syst
em andt
hei
rpr
inci
pal
oper
ati
on

• Hel
pingel
ect
ri
ci
ansandpar
ti
cipat
ingwhi
l
eident
if
yingf
ail
ure.

• Mot
ort
est
ingi
ncl
udesbear
ingchange.

• El
ect
ri
cal
inst
all
ati
on

• Col
l
ect
ingel
ect
ri
cal
dat
afort
hecompanyi
fiti
sasked

• Par
ti
cipat
ingonmai
ntenanceofbr
eakdownandf
ail
ureoccur
redont
he
machi
ner
iesandequi
pment
.

2.6Electr
ical
PowerSuppl
y&Dist
ri
but
ionSy
stem i
nATSCSebetaDyei
ng&Fini
shing
Factory
ArbaMi nchText
il
eSCSebetaDyei
ng&Fini
shi
ngFact
oryget
sinput33kvf
rom EEPCO
whi
chi
sfeedt
ofourst
ep-
dawnsbyt
hreephaset
ransf
ormer
sto33kv
-0.
66kv
,33kv
-
0.
66kv
,33kv
-0.
4kvand33kv
-0.
4kvr
espect
ivel
y.Ther
eisal
so gener
atorf
rom mai
n

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing11
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
swi
tchused whenpoweri
nter
rupt
ionf
rom mai
nsuppl
y.Butt
hisgener
atori
snot
aut
omat
ict
hepowerf
rom EEPCOf
luct
uat
esf
orsmal
lper
iodoft
imewhi
chdamages
t
hegener
ator
.Topr
otectt
hegener
atorswi
tchon/
offmanual
l
y

Dima
chesGear

subst
ati
o
n
t
Swi

………………….
. ………………. ……………. ……………. .
..

33kv
/0.
66kv 33kv
/0.
66kv 33KV/
0.4KV 33kv
/0.
4kv

5500kv
ATR1 4000kv
ATR2 2000KVATR3 2000KVA

CB CB CB
CB

F1 F2 F3
F4

K1 K2 K3
K4

St
em Oi
l St
em boi
l
er Busbar Busbar

2.
7Contr
olUni
tofthePl
ant
Thi
ssect
ioni
sbrai
nofthepl
antbecauset
heov
eral
loper
ati
ngsy
stem i
scont
rol
l
edand
gov
erned by t
his uni
t.Thi
s uni
tis smal
l
estsi
zed because i
t’
s bui
l
twi
th PLC
(
progr
ammabl
elogi
ccont
rol
).Ev
erymachi
nei
nthecompanycanbecont
rol
l
edi
ntwo
way
sthi
sar
erel
aysy
stem andPLCsy
stem.Ther
elaysy
stem i
sabul
kyandanabsol
ute
becausei
tisameshmanualconnect
ionofswi
tches.ThePLCi
sequi
pmentt
hatwas
i
nvent
edt
orepl
acet
henecessar
ysequent
ialr
elayci
rcui
tsf
ormachi
necont
roland

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing12
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
wor
ksbyl
ooki
ngati
tsi
nputanddependi
ngupont
hei
rst
ati
ngt
urni
ngON /
OFFi
ts
out
put
s.Theuserent
ersapr
ogr
am usual
l
yvi
asof
twar
einor
dert
ogi
vet
hedesi
red
r
esul
t.

2.
7.1I
ntr
oduct
iont
oPr
ogr
ammabl
elogi
ccont
rol
lerorPLC
A pr
ogr
ammabl
elogi
ccont
rol
l
eri
sasol
i
dst
atecont
rolsy
stem t
hatcont
inuousl
y
moni
tor
sthest
atuesofdev
icesconnect
ed asi
nput
.Based up on auserwr
it
ten
pr
ogr
am,
stor
edi
nmemor
y,i
tcont
rol
sthest
atuesofdev
icesconnect
edasout
put
.

 A di
git
alel
ect
roni
c dev
ice t
hatuses a pr
ogr
ammabl
e memor
yto st
ore
i
nst
ruct
ionandt
oimpl
ement
sspeci
fi
cfunct
ionssuchasl
ogi
c,sequence,
t
imi
ng,
count
ingandar
it
hmet
ict
ocont
rol
machi
neandpr
ocess.

 I
ts uses a pr
ogr
ammabl
e memor
yto st
oret
he i
nst
ruct
ion and speci
fi
c
f
unct
iont
hati
ncl
udeon/
offcont
rol
andt
imi
ngcount
ing.

Adv
ant
ageofPLC

 Fast
err
esponse

 Mor
efl
exi
bil
i
ty

I
ncr
easedr
eli
abi
l
ity

 Easi
ert
otr
oubl
eshoot
ing

Maj
orComponent
sOFPLC
 Cent
ral
Processi
ngUni
t(CPU)

 I
nput
/out
put(
I/O)

 PowerSuppl
y

 Pr
ogr
ammi
ngDev
ice

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing13
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Fi
g2.
6Maj
orpar
tsofPLC

a)I
nput
/out
putmodul
e

Themai
npur
poseoft
heI
/Oi
nter
facei
stocondi
ti
ont
hev
ari
oussi
gnalr
ecei
vedf
rom or
sentt
oext
ernali
nputandout
putdev
ices.I
tpr
ovi
dessi
gnalconv
ersi
onandi
sol
ati
on
bet
weent
hei
nter
nal
logi
c-l
evel
signal
insi
det
hePLCandt
hef
iel
d’shi
ghl
evel
signal
.

Thei
nputmodul
econv
ert
ssi
gnal
sfr
om di
scr
etet
oanal
ogi
nputdev
icest
ologi
clev
els
accept
abl
eandanout
putmodul
econv
ert
ssi
gnalf
rom t
hepr
ocessort
olev
elscapabl
e
ofdr
ivi
ngt
heconnect
eddi
scr
eteoranal
ogout
putdev
ices.

b)Powersuppl
y

Powersuppl
yuni
toft
hePLCsy
stem pr
ovi
dest
hev
olt
ageneededt
orunt
hepr
imar
y
PLCcomponent
s.Thepowersuppl
ysuppl
i
esDCpowert
othei
nter
nalci
rcui
tr
yofCPU
andot
hermodul
est
hatpl
ugi
ntot
her
ack.Forl
argePLCsy
stems,t
hispowersuppl
y
doesnotnor
mal
l
ysuppl
ypowert
othef
iel
ddev
ices.Wi
thl
argersy
stems,
powert
ofi
eld
dev
icesi
spr
ovi
dedbyext
ernal
alt
ernat
ingcur
rent(
AC)ordi
rectcur
rent(
DC)suppl
i
es

C)Pr
ocessor

Thepr
ocessormodul
econt
ainst
hePLCmi
cropr
ocessor
,it
ssuppor
ti
ngci
rcui
tr
y,andi
ts
mai
nmemor
ysy
stem.Themai
nfunct
ionoft
hemi
cropr
ocessori
stoanal
yzedat
a
comi
ngf
rom f
iel
dsensort
hrought
hei
nputmodul
e,makesdeci
sionsbasedont
heuser
def
inedcont
rol
progr
am andr
etur
nsi
gnal
backt
hroughout
putmodul
etof
iel
ddev
ice.

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d)Pr
ogr
ammi
ngdev
ice

Thi
sdev
icei
susedt
opr
ovi
det
oent
ert
hedesi
redpr
ogr
am t
hatwi
l
ldet
ermi
net
he
sequenceofoper
ati
onandcont
rol
ofpr
ocessequi
pmentordr
ivenmachi
ne.

PLCoper
ati
on

ATy
pical
l
yPLCsy
stem oper
atesonbyr
eadi
ngal
lfi
elddev
icesv
iat
hei
nputi
nter
face,
execut
etheuserpr
ogr
am st
oredi
nappl
i
cat
ionmemor
y,t
henbasedonwhat
evercont
rol
schemehasbeenpr
ogr
ammedbyt
heuser
,tur
nthef
iel
dout
putdev
icesonorof
f,or
per
for
m what
evercont
roli
snecessar
yfort
hepr
ocessappl
i
cat
ion.Basi
csofaPLC
f
unct
ionar
econt
inualscanni
ngofapr
ogr
am.Thescanni
ngpr
ocessi
nvol
vest
hree
basi
cst
eps.

St
ep1:Test
ingi
nputst
atus

Fi
rstt
hePLCcheckseachofi
tsi
nputwi
thi
ntent
iont
oseewhi
chonehasst
atusonor
of
f.I
not
herwor
dsi
tcheckswhet
heraswi
tchorasensoret
c.,i
sact
ivat
edornot
.The
i
nfor
mat
iont
hatt
hepr
ocessort
husobt
ainst
hrought
hisst
epi
sst
oredi
nmemor
yin
or
dert
obeusedi
nthef
oll
owi
ngst
eps.

St
ep2:Pr
ogr
ammi
ngexecut
ion

Her
eaPLCexecut
esapr
ogr
am i
nst
ruct
ionbyi
nst
ruct
ionbasedont
hepr
ogr
am and
basedont
hest
atusoft
hei
nputhasobt
ainedi
nthepr
ecedi
ngst
ep,andappr
opr
iat
e
act
ioni
staken.Theact
ionmi
ghtbeact
ivat
ionofcer
tai
nout
put
sandt
her
esul
tscanbe
putof
fandst
oredi
nmemor
ytober
etr
iev
edl
ateri
nthef
oll
owi
ngst
eps.

St
ep3:Checki
ngandCor
rect
ionofout
putst
atus

Fi
nal
l
y,a PLC checks up out
putsi
gnal
s and adj
usti
thas needed.Changes ar
e
per
for
medbasedont
hei
nputst
atust
hathadbeenr
eaddur
ingt
hef
ir
stst
epandbased
ont
her
esul
toft
hepr
ogr
am execut
ioni
nst
ept
wof
oll
owi
ngexecut
ionofst
ept
hreePLC
r
etur
nsabegi
nni
ngoft
hecy
cleandcont
inual
l
yrepeat
sthesest
eps.

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2.
8Basi
cEl
ect
ri
calt
ool
susedbyt
hecompany
Tr
ansf
ormer
At
ransf
ormercanbedef
inedasast
ati
cdev
icewhi
chhel
psi
nthet
ransf
ormat
ionof
el
ect
ri
cpoweri
noneci
rcui
ttoel
ect
ri
cpoweroft
hesamef
requencyi
nanot
herci
rcui
t.
Thev
olt
agecanber
aisedorl
ower
edi
naci
rcui
t,butwi
thapr
opor
ti
onali
ncr
easeor
decr
easei
nthecur
rentr
ati
ngs.

.Fi
gur
e2.
7Tr
ansf
ormer

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rol
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t 2019

El
ect
ri
cMot
or
Theel
ect
ri
cmot
ori
samachi
necapabl
eofconv
ert
ingel
ect
ri
calener
gyi
ntomechani
cal
ener
gy.Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofmot
orst
hosear
eACmot
orandDCmot
ors.Whi
l
ebot
h
A.
C.andD.
C.mot
orsser
vet
hesamef
unct
ionofconv
ert
ingel
ect
ri
calener
gyi
nto
mechani
calener
gy,t
heyar
epower
ed,const
ruct
edandcont
rol
l
eddef
ini
tel
yThemost
basi
cdi
ff
erencei
sthepowersour
ce.A.
C.mot
orsar
epower
edf
rom al
ter
nat
ingcur
rent
(
A.C.
)whi
l
eD.
C.mot
orsar
epower
edf
rom di
rectcur
rent(
D.C.
),suchasbat
ter
ies,D.
C.
powersuppl
i
esoranAC-
to-
DC powerconv
ert
er.AC cur
rentorAC mot
orconv
ert
s
el
ect
ri
calener
gyi
ntomechani
calener
gyandwor
ksonal
ter
nat
ecur
rent(
AC)
.ACal
so
comesi
ntwot
ypes.Theycanbesi
ngl
ephaseort
hreephases.

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Anel
ect
ri
calgener
atori
sadev
icet
hatconv
ert
smechani
calener
gyt
oel
ect
ri
calener
gy,
gener
all
yusi
ngel
ect
romagnet
ici
nduct
ion.Thesour
ceofmechani
calener
gymaybea
r
eci
procat
ingort
urbi
nest
eam engi
ne,wat
erf
all
i
ngt
hroughat
urbi
neorwat
erwheel
,an
i
nter
nalcombust
ion engi
ne,awi
nd t
urbi
ne,ahand cr
ank,oranyot
hersour
ceof
mechani
calener
gy.El
ect
ri
c gener
ator
sty
pes depend on t
he t
ype ofgener
ati
ng
equi
pmentempl
oyed,t
heel
ect
ri
calener
gypr
oducedi
sei
therdi
rectcur
rent(
DC)or
al
ter
nat
ingcur
rent(
AC)
.

ACgener
ator
s:ar
ecl
assi
fi
edassi
ngl
e-phaseorpol
yphase.Asi
ngl
e-phasegener
ator
i
susual
l
yli
mit
edt
o25kW orl
essandgener
atesACpowerataspeci
fi
cut
il
izat
ion
v
olt
age.Pol
yphasegener
ator
spr
oducet
woormor
eal
ter
nat
ingv
olt
ages(
usual
l
ytwo,
t
hree,
orsi
xphases)
.

DCgener
ator
s:ar
ecl
assi
fi
edasshunt
,ser
ies,orcompound-
wound.MostDCsar
ethe
compound-
woundt
ype.Shuntgener
ator
sar
eusual
l
yusedasbat
ter
ychar
ger
sandas
exci
ter
sforACgener
ator
s.Ser
iesgener
ator
sar
esomet
imesusedf
orst
reetl
i
ght
s.The
emfi
nducedi
naDCgener
atorcoi
lisal
ter
nat
ing.Rect
if
icat
ioni
sneededt
odi
rectt
he
f
lowofcur
renti
nonedi
rect
ion.

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Ti
mer
Cat
egor
yoft
imer
sthatoper
atet
hroughel
ect
ri
ci
tyonl
yandhav
enomov
ingmechani
cal
par
ts.Cov
eri
ngmostt
imi
ngf
unct
ions(
OnDel
ay,I
nter
val
,Of
fDel
ay,OneShot
,Zer
o
Speed,St
arDel
ta,andRecy
cler
),t
imer
sar
esui
tedf
orpr
act
ical
l
yev
eryappl
i
cat
ion.
Ti
mer
sar
efr
equent
lyused i
n mot
orcont
rolcent
ers,packagi
ng machi
ner
y,HVAC
equi
pment
,cont
rol
panel
s,andpr
ocesscont
rol
.Itcanadj
ustasami
nimum 0.
3seconds
andmaxi
mum adj
ust
sfor30seconds.

Fi
gur
e2.
10:El
ect
ri
cti
mer

El
ect
ri
calconnect
or:
El
ect
ri
calconnect
or:i
sanel
ect
ro-
mechani
caldev
icef
orj
oini
ngel
ect
ri
calci
rcui
tsasan
i
nter
faceusi
ngamechani
calassembl
y.Connect
orsmayj
oint
wol
engt
hsoff
lexi
ble
wi
reorcabl
eorconnectawi
reorcabl
eoropt
icali
nter
facet
oanel
ect
ri
calt
ermi
nal
.
Ther
ear
ehundr
edsoft
ypesofel
ect
ri
cal
connect
or.

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rol
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t 2019

Fi
gur
e2.
11A-cabl
econnect
or Fi
gur
e2.
10B-cabl
esl
ags

I
nver
ter
s

I
nver
teri
sadev
icewhi
chi
sdesi
gnedt
opr
oduceav
ari
abl
eout
putv
olt
ager
angeof
ten
usedwi
thi
nmot
orspeedcont
rol
l
ers.TheDC powerf
ort
hei
nver
tersect
ioncanbe
der
ivedf
rom anor
malAC wal
lout
letorsomeot
hersour
ce.Cont
rolandf
eedback
ci
rcui
tr
yisusedt
oadj
ustt
hef
inalout
putoft
hei
nver
tersect
ionwhi
chwi
l
lul
ti
mat
ely
det
ermi
net
hespeedoft
hemot
oroper
ati
ngunderi
tsmechani
cal
load.

Fi
gur
e2.
12A-
fr
ontsi
deofi
nver
ter Fi
gur
e2.
12B-
backsi
deofi
nver
ter

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rol
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t 2019

Di
git
almul
tiMet
er
Thedi
git
almul
timet
er,DMM i
soneoft
hemostusef
uli
temsoft
estequi
pment
.Basi
c
i
nst
rument
scanmeasur
ecur
rentv
olt
ageandr
esi
stance.DMMsar
eabl
etoof
feras
st
andar
dthebasi
cmeasur
ement
sthatwoul
dty
pical
l
yincl
ude:
 Cur
rent(
DC)Cur
rent(
AC)

 Vol
tage(
DC)Vol
tage(
AC)

 Resi
stance

Fi
gur
e2.
13Di
git
almul
ti
met
er

Cont
act
or
I
t’
sar
emot
elycont
rol
l
edswi
tch.Cont
rol
poweri
susedt
oswi
tchmai
nspower
.Mostof
t
hecont
act
orsoper
atebyel
ect
romagnet
,thuscausi
ngt
hecont
act
orst
ocl
oseand
openbyspr
inggr
avi
ty.Themai
ndi
ff
erencebet
weent
hecont
act
orsandswi
tchi
sthat
cont
act
orscanbeoper
ati
ngr
emot
elywher
easswi
tchhast
obemanual
l
yoper
atedat
t
hel
ocat
ion.Cont
act
orscanbecont
rol
l
edbymanual
orr
emot
epushbut
tonsorby
aut
omat
icdev
icesuchast
imer
s,f
loatswi
tches,
ther
most
ats,
pressur
eswi
tchesandso
on.Cont
act
orsar
egener
all
yempl
oyedi
nlowv
olt
ageandmedi
um v
olt
agel
evel
.A
conv
ent
ional
cont
act
orhasasetof

cont
act
sthatcl
osewhent
hecont
rolpoweri
sappl
i
edt
othecoi
last
hecoi
lmov
est
he
ar
mat
urebymagnet
ic.Acont
act
ori
sbasi
cal
l
yar
elayt
hati
susedt
otur
non/
offahi
gh

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rol
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v
olt
age/cur
rentsuppl
y,usi
ngal
owerv
olt
age/cur
rentcont
rol
signal
.

Fi
gur
e2.
14El
ect
ri
cal
cont
act
or

Ci
rcui
tbr
eaker

Ci
rcui
tbr
eakeri
sadv
icewhi
chswi
tcheson/
offpowersuppl
yatnor
malandf
aul
ty
condi
ti
on.Thi
sisaut
omat
icpr
otect
iondev
icesi
nthemai
nswi
tchboar
dorf
usebox
t
hatswi
tchof
faci
rcui
tdet
ect
saf
aul
t.Ci
rcui
tbr
eakeri
samechani
calswi
tchi
ngdev
ice
capabl
eofpr
otect
ing t
heci
rcui
twi
ri
ng,capabl
eofmaki
ng,car
ryi
ng and br
eaki
ng
cur
rent
sundernor
malci
rcui
tcondi
ti
onsandal
somaki
ng,car
ryi
ngf
orspeci
fi
edt
ime
andbr
eaki
ngcur
rentunderspeci
fi
cabnor
mal
cir
cui
tcondi
ti
ons.

Fi
gur
e2.
15Ci
rcui
tbr
eaker

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rol
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El
ect
ri
calr
elay
Ar
elayi
sanel
ect
romechani
cal
dev
icet
hati
sact
uat
edoract
ivat
edbyanel
ect
ri
cal
cur
rent
.Thecur
rentf
lowi
ngi
noneci
rcui
tcausest
heopeni
ngorcl
osi
ngofanot
her
ci
rcui
t.Rel
aysar
eli
ker
emot
econt
rol
swi
tchesandar
eusedi
nmanyappl
i
cat
ions
becauseoft
hei
rrel
ati
vesi
mpl
i
cit
y,l
ongl
i
fe,
andpr
ovenhi
ghr
eli
abi
l
ity
.Hi
ghl
y
sophi
sti
cat
edr
elay
sar
eut
il
izedt
opr
otectel
ect
ri
cpowersy
stemsagai
nstt
roubl
eand

powerbl
ackout
saswel
last
oregul
ateandcont
rol
thegener
ati
onanddi
str
ibut
ionof
power
.Howdor
elaywor
ks?Al
lrel
ayscont
ainasensi
nguni
t,t
heel
ect
ri
ccoi
l
,whi
chi
s
power
edbyACorDCcur
rent
.Whent
heappl
i
edcur
rentorv
olt
ageexceedsat
hreshol
d
v
alue,
thecoi
lact
ivat
est
hear
mat
ure,
whi
choper
atesei
thert
ocl
oset
heopencont
act
s
ort
oopent
hecl
osedcont
act
s.Ther
ear
ethr
eebasi
cfunct
ionsofar
elay
:On/
Off
Cont
rol
,Li
mitCont
rol
andLogi
cOper
ati
on.

On/
OffCont
rol
:Exampl
e:Ai
rcondi
ti
oni
ngcont
rol
,usedt
oli
mitandcont
rol
a“hi
gh
power
”loadsuchas,
acompr
essor

Li
mitCont
rol
:Exampl
e:Mot
orSpeedCont
rol
,usedt
odi
sconnectamot
ori
fitr
uns
sl
owerorf
ast
ert
hant
hedesi
redspeed.

Logi
coper
ati
on:
exampl
e:t
estequi
pment
,usedt
oconnectt
hei
nst
rumentt
oanumber
oft
est
ingpoi
ntsont
hedev
iceundert
est
.Theypl
ayav
eryi
mpor
tanti
npr
ovi
dingsaf
ety
cr
it
ical
logi
c.

Fi
gur
e 2.
16:Di
ff
erentt
ypesofr
elay

El
ect
ri
cal
Swi
tch
El
ect
ri
cal swi
tch i
s cont
rol
consi
sti
ng of a mechani
calor

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rol
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el
ect
ri
calorel
ect
roni
cdev
icef
ormaki
ngorbr
eaki
ngorchangi
ngt
heconnect
ionsi
na
ci
rcui
t.Aswi
tchmaybedi
rect
lymani
pul
atedbyhumansasacont
rol
signal
toasy
stem,
suchasacomput
erkey
boar
dbut
ton,
ort
ocont
rol
powerf
lowi
naci
rcui
tsuchasswi
tch

Fi
gur
e2.
17A-Pushbut
tonswi
tch Fi
gur
e2.
17B-on/
offswi
tch

El
ect
ri
calFuse
I
nel
ect
roni
csandel
ect
ri
calengi
neer
ingaf
usei
sat
ypeofl
owr
esi
stancer
esi
stort
hat
act
sasasacr
if
ici
aldev
icet
opr
ovi
deov
ercur
rentpr
otect
ion,ofei
thert
hel
oador
sour
ceci
rcui
t.I
tsessent
ialcomponenti
samet
alwi
reorst
ri
pthatmel
tswhent
oo
muchcur
rentf
lowst
hroughi
t,i
nter
rupt
ingt
heci
rcui
tthati
tconnect
s.Shor
tci
rcui
ts,
ov
erl
oadi
ng,mi
smat
chedl
oads,ordev
icef
ail
urear
ethe,pr
imer
easonsf
orexcessi
ve
cur
rent
.Fusesar
eanal
ter
nat
ivet
oci
rcui
tbr
eaker
s.

Fi
gur
e2.
18El
ect
ri
cFusewi
thdi
ff
erentamper
e

2.
9 Sensors
Typeofsensorusedi
nthemachi
nes

 Pr
essur
esensor

 Temper
atur
eSensor

 Lev
elSensor

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 Phot
oSensor

Pr
essur
esensor
Pr
essur
esensor
sar
eusedi
ndi
ff
erentmachi
nes.Theadv
ant
ageofpr
essur
esensori
s
det
ect
ingormeasur
ingt
heamountofpr
essur
ethatr
ecei
vedbyt
hemachi
nesandgi
ves
i
nfor
mat
ionordat
atocont
rol
overpr
essur
e.

Fi
gur
e2.
19:pr
essur
esensor

Temper
atur
esensor
Mostoft
hemachi
nesar
eusedt
emper
atur
esensort
odet
ectormeasur
ethei
r
t
emper
atur
e.Theadv
ant
ageofmeasur
ingordet
ect
ingt
emper
atur
eoft
he
machi
nesi
stopr
otectt
hemachi
nesf
rom ov
erheat
ing.Mostoft
hemachi
nes
ar
emoder
nizedduet
othi
sreasont
het
emper
atur
eoft
hemachi
nesi
sincr
eased
f
rom t
hegi
venv
alueal
arm sy
stem i
ntr
oduced.

RTD(
resi
sti
vet
emper
atur
edet
ect
or)
AnRTDi
sat
emper
atur
esensorwhi
chmeasur
est
emper
atur
eusi
ngt
he
pr
inci
plet
hatt
her
esi
stanceofmet
alchangeswi
tht
emper
atur
e.I
npr
act
ice,
an
el
ect
ri
cal
cur
renti
str
ansmi
tt
edt
hrought
hepi
eceofmet
al(
theRTDel
ementor
r
esi
stor
)locat
edi
npr
oxi
mit
ytot
hear
eawher
etemper
atur
eist
obemeasur
ed.
Ther
esi
stancev
alueoft
heRTDel
ementi
sthenmeasur
edbyani
nst
rument
.
Thi
sresi
stancev
aluei
sthencor
rel
atedt
otemper
atur
ebasedupont
heknown
r
esi
stancechar
act
eri
sti
csoft
heRTDel
ement

I
ndust
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alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing25
 I
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nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Fi
gur 20:RTDsensor
e2. s(Resi
sti
veTemper
atur
eDet
ect
or

Lev
elsensor

Lev
elsensor
s ar
e used i
n di
ff
erentmachi
nes.The adv
ant
age ofl
evelsensori
s
det
ect
ingormeasur
ingt
hel
evel
ofwat
erandchemi
cal
int
headdi
ti
ont
ank.
Met
alsensor
:ar
eusedt
odet
ectmet
alf
rom cot
ton.
Fi
resensor
:ar
euseddet
ectf
ir
einci
dent
.
Phot
osensor
Phot
osensor
sar
eusedt
ocont
rol
theposi
ti
onoft
hef
abr
ickeepi
tscent
re.I
f
t
hef
abr
icl
eav
esi
tsposi
ti
ont
hephot
osensorsendasi
gnal
fort
hepl
candt
he
machi
nest
opi
tsoper
ati
onandal
arm wi
l
lgener
ate.

Fi
gur
e2.
22:Phot
ocel
lsensor

Mai
ntenancer
oom
Gener
all
yther
ear
etwomai
ntenancer
ooms.

Thusar
e:-

 El
ect
ri
cal
wor
kshop.

I
ndust
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alCont
rol
Engi
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ing26
 I
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pRepor
t 2019
 El
ect
ri
cal
mai
ntenancer
oom

2.
10Electr
onicsandEqui
pmentMaintenanceWorkshop
I
nthi
sr oom arether
eisdif
fer
entel
ectri
calequi
pment&dev
icesl
i
keexceptel
ect
ri
cal
machi
nepowercont
rolcar
ds,r
elayt
est
ing equi
pment
,oi
ltest
er,l
abor
ator
ypower
suppl
y,magni
fi
er,
flashgener
atoret
c.Bef
oremai
ntenanceoft
heel
ect
ri
cal
component
s,
f
ir
sti
tmustbet
est
edonebyonet
oknowt
hef
ail
edcomponent
s.

Someoft
heel
ect
roni
cequi
pmentt
hatar
etest
eddur
ingmai
ntenance:

 Resi
stor

 Tr
ansi
stor
s

 Capaci
tor

 I
C

St
epsofmai
ntenancei
nthi
sroom ar
e:

 Test
ing

 Checkwhet
herspar
epar
tist
her
eornot

 Remov
ethef
ail
eddev
icebyt
akecar
eaboutot
her

 Repl
acepr
oper
ly

 Pr
oper
lySol
der
ing

 f
inal
l
ytest

2.
11Mot orst
arti
ngmet hods
Di
rectonli
nestar
ting(
D.O.L)Thi
sisbyf
art
hemostcommonst
art
ingmet
hod.The
st
art
ingequi
pmentconsi
stsofonl
yamai
nCont
act
orandt
her
mal
orel
ect
roni
cov
er
l
oadr
elayasshowni
nfi
gbel
ow.Thi
sst
ati
ngmet
hodi
snotusedf
ormot
orswi
thpower
r
ati
ngofgr
eat
ert
han5KW.Thusi
sduet
ohi
ghst
art
ingcur
rentandst
art
ingt
orque.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing27
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Fi
g2.
23D.
O.Lpowerandcont
rol
cir
cui
ts

Ascanbeseenf
rom t
hepowerci
rcui
t,cl
osi
ngt
heswi
tchi
ngdev
ice(
Q1)connect
s
t
omot
ordi
rect
lyt
otheel
ect
ri
calsuppl
yvi
aacont
act
or(
K1)
.Int
hecont
rolci
rcui
tof
t
hef
ig2.
13separ
atepushbut
tonar
epr
ovi
dedf
orener
gizi
ngandde-
ener
gizi
nga
cont
act
or.Whenwepr
essswi
tchS3t
hemot
orst
art
stor
otat
eandpr
essswi
tchS2
st
opt
hei
rmot
ion.Anor
malopenauxi
l
iar
ycont
act(
K13,14)oft
hecont
act
ori
s
connect
ingi
npar
all
elwi
tht
hest
artpushbut
tonS3,sot
hatt
hecont
act
orshoul
d
r
emai
nener
gized.Thus,
thecont
act
orwoul
dcont
inuer
emai
nener
gizedbyr
ecei
vi
ng
t
hesuppl
ythr
oughi
tsowncont
actK1.Cont
actK1usedussel
f-hol
d.Themot
or
cont
inuest
orot
ateoncet
hest
artpushbut
tonhasbeenpr
essed.S1i
semer
gency
swi
tch&F5i
sov
erl
oadr
elayf
orov
erl
oadpr
otect
ion.

Rev
erseFor
war
dst
art
ingmet
hods
Ther
otat
ionofat
hreephasemot
orr
ever
sedbyi
nter
changi
ngt
heconnect
ionsoft
wo
anymot
ort
ermi
nal
stot
hesuppl
yli
nes.Twosepar
atecont
act
orar
eusedf
ort
his
pur
pose,
onef
orwar
dandanot
herf
orr
ever
seoper
ati
on.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing28
 I
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nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Fi
g2.
24 powerandcont
rol
cir
cui
tofmot
orr
ever
sing.

Themot
oroper
atesi
nfor
war
drot
ati
ont
hroughcont
act
or_K1andr
ever
ser
otat
ion
t
hroughcont
act
or_K2f
rom powerci
rcui
t.Whenf
orwar
dpushbut
ton_S3i
spr
essed,
cont
act
or_K1ener
gizedandwhenr
ever
sepushbut
ton_S2i
spr
essed,
cont
act
or_K1de
-ener
gizedf
ir
standt
hencont
act
or_K2ener
gized.Gener
all
yrel
ayi
susedonl
yincont
rol
ci
rcui
tandbel
ow5Kw,whi
l
econt
act
orcanbeusedi
nbot
hcont
rolandpowerci
rcui
ts,
and abov
e5KW appl
i
ance.

St
ardel
tast
art
ingmet
hod:
-
Instardel t
ast art
ingthemot ori
sconnect edinstarduri
ngt hestart
ingsequenceand
connectedi ndeltawhent hemot orhasacceleratedtocl oset othenor malrunni
ng
speed. Thatmeansi nstarthemot orst
artsinlowt or
que,lowcur r
entandhighspeed
forstar
tingpur pose.Buti ndeltathemot orrunsinhight orque,highcur r
entandlow
speed.Becauseoft hisstardeltaconnect i
onaremor epr efer
ablet hanother
s.The
ther
malov erl
oadr elayactsast hemot orov er
loaddet ector,whichdeact i
vat
esthe
contr
olcircui
twhenov ercurr
entisdetect
edf rom t
hemot or.

I
ndust
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alCont
rol
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ing29
 I
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nshi
pRepor
t 2019

Fi
g2.
25Powerandcont
rol
cir
cui
tofst
ardel
tast
art
ing

Wher
e:-

F5,
F2 emer
genceswi
tches

s1,
s2 swi
tches

k1,
k2,
k3 cont
act
or

KA4 t
imer

F1,
F4 f
use

M1 t
hreephasemot
or

L1,
L2,
L3 sour
ce

N neut
ral

Fr
om powerci
rcui
t,t
he cont
act
ori
sini
ti
all
y cl
osed t
o putt
he mot
ori
nto st
ar
conf
igur
ati
on.Att
hesamet
ime,
K1i
scl
osedt
oappl
ypowert
othemot
or.Att
heendof
t
hest
art
ingper
iod,
K3i
sopenedandt
henK2i
scl
osedt
opl
acet
hemot
orwor
kingsi
na
del
taconnect
ion.Asshowncont
rolci
rcui
tinf
ig2.
14whent
hepushbut
tonS2pr
essed
bot
hcont
act
orsK3andK1ener
gizedandt
hemot
orr
unsi
nSt
araf
terapr
edef
inedt
ime
nor
mal
l
ycl
osed(
NC)cont
actof
fthedel
ayt
ime(
K4T)openst
husmakescont
act
orK3

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
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ing30
 I
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pRepor
t 2019
t
ode-
ener
gizeandcont
act
orsK2andK1t
oener
gize,
themot
oroper
atesi
nDel
ta.

2.
12 Chal
lengesofOurI
nter
nship
Wehavefacedonsomechallengesdur
ingi
nfourmont
hsi
nter
nshi
ppr
ogr
am i
nATSC
Sebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory

 Theabsenceoft
hegui
danceper
son.Mostoper
ator
sar
ebusyandt
heyhav
eno
t
imet
oshowt
hepr
ocess.

 Lackofcomput
erandi
nter
netaccessar
enotenabl
i
ngust
ogetnecessar
y
i
nfor
mat
ion.

 Mostoper
ator
sar
enotski
l
ledmanpowerandmi
sunder
standi
ngoft
heor
eti
cal
aspectoft
hemachi
ne.
 Mostoft
hemanual
sthatar
efoundi
nthewor
kshopar
ewr
it
teni
nChai
ns
l
anguagebecauseoft
hati
tisdi
ff
icul
ttogetenoughi
nfor
mat
ion.
 Ther
eiscommuni
cat
ionpr
obl
em t
oaskwhatwewantwi
thsomeper
son,
since
someoft
hem can’
tspeakEngl
i
shorAmhar
icl
anguager
athert
hanChai
ns

2.
13Measur
esTakenI
nOr derToOvercomet
heChal
lenges
Theabov
echal
l
engesthatoccurdur
ingourf
ourmonthscanbeov
ercomeaski
ngt
he
wor
ker
stogetmor
einf
ormat
ionandt
odev
elopourpr
act
icalski
l
l,weusedi
ff
erent
mechani
sm.
 Att
hebegi
nni
ngoft
hei
nter
nshi
pthi
ngswashar
dbecauseal
lthi
ngsar
enewf
or
us.Af
tersomet
ime,weknow t
hewor
kerandt
hewor
kingcondi
ti
oni
nfact
ory
,
si
ncet
her
ear
est
udentcomef
rom t
hesameandot
heruni
ver
sit
y,wenot met
eachot
heranddi
scuss aboutt
hepr
obl
em.
 We dev
elop ourcommuni
cat
ion ski
l
land ask f
reel
y aboutt
he t
hings not
under
standeasi
l
yus.
 We gav
e suggest
ion wi
thoutany af
rai
d when we f
aced some chal
l
engi
ng
pr
obl
em att
het
imeofpr
act
ice
 Wegav
einf
ormat
ionaboutouri
nter
nshi
ppr
ogr
am whatwear
edonet
othe
companywor
kerandaskedt
hem t
oshar
ethei
rpr
act
ical
exper
iencewi
thus.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
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ing31
 I
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pRepor
t 2019
 As we r
ecommended t
hatt
he company managermustbe gi
ve const
ant
super
visorf
orst
udent
sli
keus.

CHAPTERTHREE

3.
Over
allBenef
it
sgai
nedf
rom I
nter
nshi
p
Ani
nter
nshi
pisani
mpor
tantwayofl
ear
ningt
oimpr
ovet
het
heor
eti
calknowl
edgeand
pr
act
icalski
l
lsofst
udent
s.Thi
sal
sohel
pst
hest
udent
saf
tergr
aduat
iont
oent
er
di
rect
lyi
nthepr
act
icalwor
ld.I
nsuchcase,
thi
sfourmont
hpr
act
icaldur
ati
onhel
pedus

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing32
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
asabr
idget
otr
ansf
ert
het
heor
eti
calconcept
soft
hesci
encei
ntot
her
ealwor
ld
pr
act
ical
knowl
edgei
nter
msofdi
ff
erentpr
act
ical
aspect
s.Someoft
hesear
e:

3.
1Int
ermsofi
mpr
ovi
ngourPr
act
ical
Ski
ll
s

Theor
eti
cal
knowl
edgeal
onei
smeani
ngl
esswi
thoutpr
act
ical
ski
l
l.Butwheni
tis
suppor
tedbypr
act
ical
wor
k,t
heor
eti
cal
knowl
edgewi
l
lbei
mpr
ovedandi
ncr
easedt
he
cr
eat
ivi
tyofnewi
deas.Wehav
egott
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
act
ical
ski
l
ls.
 I
tenabl
esust
oimpr
oveourpr
act
icalski
l
lint
hemai
ntenanceandr
epai
r
ofdi
ff
erentmot
ors.

 I
mpr
oveourpr
act
icalski
l
lint
heoper
ati
onsy
stem ofdi
ff
erentel
ect
ri
cal
machi
nes.

 I
tenabl
esust
oimpr
over
eadi
ngski
l
lofel
ect
ri
calmachi
nemanual
sand
i
nst
all
ati
onpr
ocedur
esonpaper
s.

 I
thel
psust
oknowhowt
opr
oper
lydi
str
ibut
eanel
ect
ri
calpower(
ener
gy)
f
ort
hewhol
ecompany
’ssect
ions,f
orexampl
epar
all
eloper
ati
onoft
he
companyt
ransf
ormer
sforsav
inganel
ect
ri
cal
ener
gy

3.
2Int
ermsofUpgr
adi
ngTheor
eti
cal
Knowl
edge

Ourt
heor
eti
cal
knowl
edgei
supgr
adedwi
tht
hei
nter
nshi
pthr
ough:

 Saf
etyr
ulesofeachoper
ati
on.
 Tr
ansf
eroft
het
heor
eti
cal
cour
sepr
inci
plei
ntopr
act
ical
scheme.
 Met
hodsofpr
obl
em i
dent
if
icat
ionandwayofr
esponse.
 Theuseofpr
act
ical
gui
det
extbooksandmanual
si.
e.wor
kshop.
 Wor
kingmechani
sm ofdi
ff
erentmachi
ner
y.

3.
3Inter
msofI mprov
ingI
nterper
sonalCommuni
cat
ionSki
ll
s.
Theint
ernshi
p al
l
owed ust oimprov
eourinter
per
sonalcommuni
cat
ion ski
l
lswi
th
v
ari
oussoci
eti
eswho

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing33
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
Wor
kint
hecompanyi
nter
msoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
mpor
tantpoi
nts.

 Communi
cat
eef
fect
ivel
yandcr
eat
egr
eatwor
kcommuni
cat
ionski
l
l
 Hel
pedust
ounder
standt
hei
ntensi
ons,
mot
ivat
ionanddeser
veofot
herpeopl
e.
 I
ncr
easesourconf
idencet
ogi
veandr
aisesuggest
ion.
 Maxi
mizet
hepot
ent
ial
ofal
lempl
oys
 I
mpr
ovewor
kpl
acemor
alwi
thnonev
iol
ent

3.
4Int
ermsofImpr
ovingTeam Play
ingSkil
l
 Incr
easet
hehabitofbei
ngcoworker
s
 I
ncr
easeouri
deol
ogyt
oinv
olv
eact
ivel
yinsoci
alandeconomi
cser
vices
 I
mpr
ovegr
oupwor
kdi
vi
sionst
rat
egi
es
 Shar
ingandbei
ngopenmi
ndf
orot
her
sideas
 I
tisadopt
edbyf
oll
owi
ngi
deawi
thourf
ri
end.

3.
5Intermsofi
mpr ovi
ngl
eadershi
pski
ll
s
Asleadermanyissuesmayhappenedfrom di
ff
erentpoi
ntofv
iew r
egar
dingt
othe
company
.Ther
efor
e,t
hel
eadermustber
esponsi
blet
oinv
iteeachandev
eryi
ssue
pr
oper
ly.Wehav
emetwi
thdi
ff
erentchai
rmenandseenhowt
heyt
reatusi
ndi
ff
erent
i
ssues.Gener
all
ywehav
egott
hef
oll
owi
ngski
l
ls.

 Howt
oor
gani
zedi
ff
erentwor
kdi
vi
sions.
 Howt
otr
eatcust
omer
sindi
ff
erenti
ssues.
 Ri
skt
akerdur
inganyact
ivi
ty.
 Pr
obl
em sol
vi
ngabi
l
ity
.
 Compl
ainsol
vi
ngabi
l
ity
.

3.
6Int
ermsofUnder
standi
ngaboutWor
kEt
hicsRel
atedI
ssues

Dur
ingouri
nter
nshi
p,wehav
eunder
stoodwhatwor
ket
hicsi
smeanandseendi
ff
erent
wor
ker
swho expr
esswor
ket
hicswi
tht
hei
rown dai
l
yli
feact
ivi
ti
es.Wor
ket
hics
i
ncl
udest
hef
oll
owi
ngi
mpor
tantpoi
nts.

I
ndust
ri
alCont
rol
Engi
neer
ing34
 I
nter
nshi
pRepor
t 2019
 Leadst
obegooddeci
sionmakeri
nourpr
ofessi
on.
 Keepi
ngwor
kingmat
eri
alsast
hei
rownpr
oper
ty
 Equal
l
ytr
eatanycust
omer
swi
thoutdi
scr
imi
nat
ion
 Awar
dingpr
inci
pleofbei
nget
hical
 Dev
elopsOurwor
khabi
t
 I
mpr
oveourdi
sci
pli
newhenwehav
eseenont
hepr
act
icalwor
ldandbei
ng
punct
ual
.
 Dev
elopsi
mpor
tanceofuni
tyi
nwor
kingpl
ace

3.
7Int
ernsofI
mpr
ovi
ngEnt
repr
eneur
shi
pSki
ll
s

Anent
repr
eneur
shi
pis“
thepr
ocessofcr
eat
ingv
aluegi
vi
ngwor
kbybr
ingi
ngt
oget
hera
uni
quepackageofr
esour
cest
oex
ploi
tit
.”Anent
repr
eneuri
sal
soaper
soncr
eat
esa
busi
ness,
manageshi
s/herr
esour
cespr
oper
lyandt
akesr
iskst
ogetgoodpr
ofi
t.Thi
s
concepti
smor
eessent
ial
inal
lreal
wor
ldsi
tuat
ionsespeci
all
yforanengi
neer
ing
pr
ofessi
on;
whi
chl
aysgr
eatv
alueonourcount
rywi
tht
heuseofadv
ancedt
echnol
ogy
.
Anent
repr
eneurmustbehav
ethef
oll
owi
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs.
 Ri
skt
aker
 Knowl
edge
 Cr
eat
ivi
ty
 I
nnov
ati
ve
 Sel
fconf
idence
 Commi
tment
 har
dwor
k
 Mar
ketabi
l
ity

Adv
ant
agesofent
repr
eneur
shi
p:
 Toi
mpr
ovebackwar
dnessoft
hepeopl
e.
 Tout
il
izepr
oper
lyt
her
esour
ce.
 Pr
operut
il
izat
ionofhumanpot
ent
ial
.

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 Tocr
eat
esel
f-
compl
ementandgener
ati
onofempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
es
 Toachi
eveeconomi
cdev
elopmentoft
henat
ion.

CHAPTERFOUR

4Concl
usi
onandRecommendat
ion
4.1Concl
usi
on
St
art
ingfr
om t
hedayweent
erAr
baMi
nchText
il
eSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ng
Fact
oryt
othedaywedepar
twehav
eobser
vedal
otoft
hings.Si
ncewear
e
el
ect
ri
calengi
neer
ingst
udent
sthef
act
oryassi
gnedust
owor
kinwor
kshop
cl
ass. Wewer
egetaccesst
heel
ect
ri
calmat
eri
alssuchasmot
or,i
nver
tor
s,

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el
ect
ri
ccabl
eandsoon.Fr
om t
hei
nter
nshi
pwegai
nknowl
edget
hatmai
nly
suppor
tedwi
thpr
act
icalnotonl
ytheor
eti
cal
l
y.Thef
act
oryhasmanual
l
yst
and
bygener
atorwhi
chi
sexact
lyr
epl
acepowergi
vent
othecompanyf
rom EEPCO.
Ther
efor
e,t
hepr
oductnev
erst
opsi
ncaseofpowerpr
obl
em.Al
soweget
exper
ience how t
o make r
elat
ionshi
p wi
th co-
wor
ker
s,how t
o exchange
knowl
edge wi
th st
udent
s who come f
rom ot
heruni
ver
sit
ies f
ort
he same
pr
ogr
am andweunder
standt
hef
utur
eimagi
nat
ionf
orourwor
k.

Dur
ingouri
nter
nshi
pper
iod:-

Wehav
eabl
etounder
standt
hatmostofel
ect
ri
calmachi
nei
nthef
act
oryar
e
i
nduct
ionmachi
ne.

Wehav
eseent
hecont
rolci
rcui
tsofsomeel
ect
ri
calmachi
nesi
nthef
act
oryar
e
i
mpl
ement
edwi
thpr
ogr
ammabl
elogi
ccont
rol
l
er.

Wehav
eseenpr
act
ical
l
yhow t
hespeedofani
nduct
ionmachi
nei
seasi
l
y
cont
rol
l
edbyv
ary
ingt
hef
requencyoft
hev
olt
agesuppl
y.

Wehav
eseenhow el
ect
romechani
calsy
stem andsensor
shav
ebeenusedi
n
t
hemachi
ne.

Gener
all
ythi
spr
ogr
am hast
hef
oll
owi
ngbenef
itandgoal
s:

 I
tincr
easest
heat
ti
tudeofst
udentaboutt
hei
rpr
ofessi
ons.

 I
tusedt
osuppor
tourt
heor
eti
calknowl
edgewhi
chhasgai
nedf
rom di
ff
erent
cour
ses.

 I
tusedt
oinv
est
igat
eor
gani
zat
ioncul
tur
eandl
ear
ncar
eerr
elat
edski
l
l.

 I
tusedt
oimpl
ementt
heor
eti
cal
knowl
edgei
ntopr
act
ical
appl
i
cat
ions.
4,2014

 I
tusedt
odev
elopst
udent
scommuni
cat
ionski
l
landposi
ti
vei
nter
act
ionwi
th
or
gani
zat
ions.

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4.
2Recommendati
onsfortheUniv
ersit
y
Thebudgetal
l
ocat
edforthisi
nternshi
ppr
ogr
am i
snotsuf
fi
cientf
ort
hest
udent
sto
sust
ain.Ev
en i
fwe wer
e st
ressed dur
ing l
asti
nter
nshi
p pr
ogr
am due t
o budget
i
nsuf
fi
ciency
,ther
eshoul
dbebudgetr
evi
singpr
ocessf
ornextcomi
ngi
nter
nst
udent
s.
Ev
eni
fourdepar
tmentBAdegr
eepr
ogr
am cur
ri
cul
um cour
secont
entandor
deri
sgood.

 Thedepar
tmentshoul
dbepr
epar
edt
hest
udent
sfori
nter
nshi
p
pr
ogr
am ont
ime.

 Theuni
ver
sit
yshoul
dhav
est
rongcont
act
/rel
ati
onwi
tht
hehoi
sti
ng
company
.Itshoul
dar
rangeoppor
tuni
ti
est
ovi
sit
sindust
ri
esdur
ingt
he
t
heor
eti
cal
lessons.

 I
twoul
dbet
teri
ftheDepar
tmentr
equest
stheCompanyf
orst
udent
’s
i
nter
nshi
pwi
thi
naper
iod.Especi
all
yforcont
rol
student
.

4.3.Recommendati
onf
ortheCompany
Aswehav eseeni
nthef
ourmonthi
nter
nshi
ppr
ogr
am t
hepr
oduct
ionpr
ocessesoft
he
Ar
baMi
nchText
il
eSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
oryi
scar
ri
edoutdependent
lyi
n
eachsect
ionandmostengi
neer
ingact
ivi
ti
esar
eal
sodonei
nengi
neer
ingdepar
tment
wor
kshopr
ooms.Gr
eatamountofpr
oducti
sobt
ained;
howev
er,
thewayofpr
oduct
ion
anduseofpr
opersci
ent
if
icpr
ocedur
esar
enotcommonl
ytakeni
neachdai
l
yact
ivi
ty.
Duet
otheseandot
hercaseswewoul
dli
ket
orecommendt
hosebodi
est
hatar
e
r
egar
dedf
ort
hei
ssues:

 The Companydi
d notempl
oyee cer
ti
fi
cat
ed per
son on machi
ne.When t
he
machi
nemakef
aul
tybysamecaset
heoper
atordon’
tpayat
tent
ionsunt
ilt
he
f
ail
urei
scausedt
ost
opt
hepr
oduct
ionpr
ocess.

 Wehav
eseensomeusel
essmachi
ner
yandal
sosomemot
orsi
nsi
deAr
baMi
nch
Text
il
eSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory.

 Thecompanymanagementandt
echni
ciansshoul
dgi
veat
tent
ionf
orsuchst
uff
s.

 The companymembershoul
d know t
he t
echnol
ogi
calbenef
itofi
nter
nshi
p

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pr
ogr
am andcr
eat
eawar
enessabouti
tfort
hest
udent
s.

 Thecompanyshoul
dgi
veseasonal
trai
ningsf
oreachsect
ionl
abor
s.

 Ther
eisnomot
orr
ewi
ndi
ngi
nATSCSebet
aDy
eing&Fi
nishi
ngFact
ory
.Sot
he
companyshoul
dhav
emot
orr
ewi
ndi
ngwor
kshop.

Ref
erence
1,
www.
wiki
pedi
a.com

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t 2019
2,
A.KTher
aja,
Textbookofel
ect
ri
cal
technol
ogy
,

3,
Dayt
odayact
ivi
tynot
ebookofour
sel
ves,
2011E.
C

4,
Elect
ri
cal
mot
or&dr
ives

5,
Companywor
ker
s

6,
“Basi
cMot
orCont
rol
”1stedi
ti
ons

7,
“Mot
orCont
rol
Compont
”textbook

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Appendi
x

Chapt
erFi
ve

5.I
NTERNSHI
PPROJECTTI
TLE
5.
1POWERFACTORCORRECTOR
SHORTSUMMARYOFTHEPROJEC
 Theel
ect
ri
cal
ener
gyi
sal
mostexcl
usi
vel
ygener
ated,
transmi
tt
edanddi
str
ibut
ed
i
nthef
orm ofcur
rent
.Ther
efor
e,t
hequest
ionofpowerf
act
ori
mmedi
atel
y
comesi
ntopi
ctur
e.

 Powerf
act
orcor
rect
ioni
sthet
erm gi
vent
oat
echnol
ogyt
hathasbeenused
si
ncet
het
urnoft
he20t
hcent
uryt
orest
oret
hepowerf
act
ort
oascl
oset
ouni
ty
asi
seconomi
cal
l
yav
ail
abl
e.

 Ther
eisapowerf
act
orcont
rol
l
eri
nsi
det
hepowerhouseofcompany
,inor
dert
o
i
ncr
easet
hel
i
fet
imeoft
hemachi
nesandal
sot
omi
nimi
zet
hemont
hlybi
l
li
ng
costoft
hecompany
.

 Thepowerf
act
oroft
hecompany(
PF)i
snear
ly0.
8.

5.
2OBJECTI
VESOFPROJECT

5.
2.1Gener
alObj
ect
ive
Themai
nai
m oft
hispr
ojecti
s:t
odesi
gnpowerf
act
orcor
rect
or
5.
2.2Speci
fi
cobj
ect
ive
 Topr
eventawast
ageel
ect
ri
cal
power

 Tor
educel
ossesi
nthedi
str
ibut
ionsy
stem

 Tor
educet
heel
ect
ri
cit
ybi
l
l

 Toi
ncr
easePFf
rom 0.
8to0.
95

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5.
3DI
SADVANTAGEOFLOW POWERFACTOR

P= 3VIcosф (
for3phasesuppl
y)
LL

I= P
L
3VLcosф

I
tiscl
earf
rom abov
ethatf
orf
ixedpowerandv
olt
age,
thel
oadcur
renti
sinv
ersel
y
pr
opor
ti
onal
tot
he powerf
act
or.Lowert
hepowerf
act
or,
highert
hel
oadcur
rentand

Vi
ce-
ver
sa.Powerf
act
orl
esst
hanuni
tyr
esul
tsi
nthef
oll
owi
ngdi
sadv
ant
age:
1) Gr
eat
erconduct
orsi
ze.Tot
ransmi
tordi
str
ibut
eaf
ixedamountofpowerat
const
antv
olt
age,
theconduct
orwi
l
lhav
etocar
rymor
ecur
rentatl
owpowerf
act
or.Thi
s
necessi
tat
esl
argeconduct
orsi
ze.

2) Lar
gecopperl
oses.Thel
argecur
rentl
owpowerf
act
orcausesmor
eIRl
osses

i
nal
ltheel
ementoft
hesuppl
ysy
stem.

5.
4POWERFACTORI MPROVEMENTEQUI
PMENT
St
ati
ccapaci
tor

 Thepowerf
act
orcanbei
mpr
ovedbyconnect
ingcapaci
tor
sinpar
all
elwi
tht
he
equi
pmentoper
ati
ngatl
aggi
ngpowerf
act
or.

 Thecapaci
tordr
awsal
eadi
ngcur
rentandpar
tl
yorcompl
etel
yneut
ral
i
zest
he
l
aggi
ngr
eact
ivecomponentofl
oadcur
rent
.Thi
srai
sest
hepowerf
act
oroft
he
l
oad.

Adv
ant
age
 Theyhav
elowl
osses.

 Theyr
equi
rel
i
ttl
emai
ntenancesast
her
ear
enor
ati
ngpar
ts.

 Theycanwor
kunderor
dinar
yat
mospher
iccondi
ti
on.

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Di
sadv
ant
age
 Theyhav
eshor
tser
vicesl
i
fer
angi
ngf
rom 8t
o10y
ear
s.

 Theyar
eeasi
l
ydamagedi
fthev
olt
ageexceedst
her
atedv
alue.

 Onest
hecapaci
torar
edamaged,
ther
erepai
risuneconomi
cal
.

5.
5DATAANALYSIS
• I
nthecompanypowerhouset
wohasar
eal
powerof
1600KW wi
thapowerf
act
or
of0.
8laggi
ngandi
fwewantt
orai
seourpowerf
act
ort
o0.
95l
aggi
ngt
he
amountofcapaci
torneededi
nKVARandcapaci
torbanki
nmi
crof
aradi
s:-

• Powerf
act PF)=usef
or( ulpower(KW)
t
otalpower(
KVA)

entpower= r
• Appar ealpower
powerfact
ar

• S = P1 = 1600kw
1
PF1 0.
8

• S =2000KVA
1

• I
tismagni
tudei
s2000KVAandatangel
of

θ1=cos-1(
PF1)
=cos-1(
0.8)
=36.
86°

• S1=2000KVAatangel
of36.
86=2
° 000<36.
86(
°Appar
entpowerpol
arf
orm

S1=2000cos (
36.
86)
+j2000si
n (
36.
86)

S1=1600+j
1199.
7KVA(
rect
angul
arf
orm)

SoQ1=1199.
7KVAR

• Forsecondordesi
redpowerf
act
ort
hati
sɵ=0.
95Q2wi
l
lbe

P1=P2=1600kW,
(becauser
eal
poweri
sconst
ant
)

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• S2=P2/
PF2=1600/
(0.
95)=1684.
2KVA

cos-1(
0.95)
=18.
19°

• S2=1684.
2KVAatangel
of18.
19=1684.
2<18.
19(
Appar
entpower
2pol
arf
orm

S2=1684.
2cos (
18.
19)
+j1684.
2si
n(18.
19)

S2=155.
99+j
525.
75KVA (
rect
angul
arf
orm)

• Q2=525.
75KVAR

• Qcup=|
Q2-Q1| =|
525.
75-
1199.
7|

=|
-673.
95|
KVAR

• Qcup=673. 103VAR=673.
95* 95KVAR

• Wehav
eal
readycal
cul
atedt
her
equi
redcapaci
tyofcapaci
tori
nKVAR.Tof
ind
t
hecapaci
tyofcapaci
tori
nfar
adsweshoul
dconv
erti
nfar
adsbyusi
ngt
his
f
ormul
a

• C= KVAR
ωV2

KVAR
• C= Qcup = = 673.
95
2
WV 2 V
2πf 2×3.
14×50(380)∧2

=14.
87µF

5.
6CONCLUSION
 Thecompanymustappl
ythecor
rectpowerf
act
orcor
rect
ionmet
hodt
oreduce
l
ossesorr
educt
ionofel
ect
ri
cit
ybi
l
lset
c.Ourpr
ojectcanr
educet
heamountof
wast
ageofpowerandmoney
,incr
easi
ngpr
oduct
ivi
ty.

 Ther
eissomanyf
ir
eext
ingui
sheri
sfoundbutonl
yfi
ref
it
ter
shav
eawar
eness
f
ori
thowev
er,
ifal
loper
ator
sandcompanywor
ker
sbecomeawar
eiti
ncr
eases
t
hesaf
etyoft
hecompany
.

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 Thepr
obl
emsl
i
stedabov
ehav
eanegat
iveef
fectont
hequal
i
tyandquant
it
yof
companypr
oduct
,thecompanyshoul
dtaket
heabov
ecomment
sandf
ind
sol
uti
onst
oincr
easet
hecompanypr
oduct
ivi
ty.

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