SCIENCE REVIEWER 2nd Quarter

Electricity and Coulomb’s Law

Electricity
- A form of energy that is carried through wires.
- It’s the energy from the existence of charged particles
- It can be accumulated either statistically or dynamically

2 TYPES OF ELECTRICITY
● Current - Electrons flow through the wires in predictable patterns.
- The flow of electric charge, known as Electric Current, is carried by moving electrons
through a conductor.
● Static - Electrons do not flow in predictable patterns

William Gilbert
- Electricity and Magnetism.
- Coined the expression “electrica” in his famous book / Termed electricity in his
famous book
Otto Von Guericke
- Proved that a vacuum could exist.
- Invented a machine that produces static electricity, first electric generator
LEYDEN JAR
- Capacitor or device that stores and releases an electrical charge.
- Invented by both Dutch physicists Peter Van Musschenbroek and Edward G. Von
kleist.
Benjamin Franklin
- Made a connection between electricity and lighting.
- His lightning rod was the first practical application of electricity.
- Electricity and lighting were one and the same.
Thomas Edison
- He produced a reliable, long-lasting electric light.
Charlse Agustin de Coulomb
- Discovered the law: The electric force between charged particle
Conversion Factor for Charge (Q)
FORMULAS WILL BE GIVEN IN THE TEST PAPER
Sample Problems:

NOTE:
- Coulomb's Law describes the relationship between electric charge, distance, and the
force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles.
- The proton and electron have equal and identical charges.
- The force between two charges is inversely proportional to the distance between
them.
Charging - A process of supplying the electric charge (electrons) to an object or losing the
electric charge from an object.
2 CHARGING PROCESS
● Conduction - electrons transfer to the object making it the same charge.
● Induction - electrons move within the object making the chest side oppositely
charge.
Charge and Force - Directly Proportional
Distance and Force - Inversely Proportional

CURRENT a movement of electrons in a specific direction.

Ammeter - a device used to measure electric current.
Andre Marie Ampere - The S.I unit of current is Ampere.

2 TYPES OF CURRENT
● Direct - flows in one direction ( Battery ).
● Alternating - flows periodically and changes direction ( Power Home ).

Voltage a pressure that pushes electrons through a circuit.

Voltmeter - an instrument used to measure a voltage.
Alessandro Volta
- Invented the first electric battery.
- The S.I unit of voltage is volts.
RESISTANCE Opposition to the flow of Electric Current ( wire ).
Ohm meter - An electrical instrument that measures electrical resistance.
Georg Simon Ohm - Created the law of electrical resistance, Ohm’s law.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT RESISTANCE

● Length - directly proportional to resistance.
The longer the wire, the higher the resistance.
The shorter the wire, the lower the resistance.
● Diameter - inversely proportional to resistance.
The thinner the wire, the higher the resistance.
The thicker the wire, the lower the resistance.
● Temperature - directly proportional to resistance
The higher the temperature, the higher the resistance.
The lower the temperature, the lower the resistance.
● Type of material - Insulators material that have higher resistance
(Cloth, rubber, wood, glass) that resist the flow of changes.
- Conductors material that have lower resistance (Metal, Water, copper, gold) that
allow charges to flow.

Ohm’s Law
"Current is directly proportional to the voltage, and inversely proportional to resistance."

Ex. What is the pd (potential difference) across a toaster of resistance 13.8 ohms.
When the current through it is 8.7A?
Example:
Unknown = Voltage (V)
Given = Resistance (R - 13.8 ohms)
Current (I) - 8.7 A
Formula: I x R
Solution: 8.7 A x 13.8 ohms
Answer: 120.06 V
“Note: 1kilo-ohms = 1000 ohms”
 QUANTITY UNIT

Charge (Q) Coulomb (C)

Current (I) Ampere (A)

Time (t) Seconds (s)

Ex. A small electrical motor draws a current of 0.40 A. How long will it take for 8.0C of
charge to pass through it?
Unknown = t = ?
Given = Current (I) - 0.40 A
Charge (Q) - 8.0 C
Formula: t = Q/I
Solution: 8.0/0.40
Answer: 20s

ELECTRICAL POWER IN CIRCUITS

QUANTITY UNIT

Power (P) Work (W)

Voltage (V) Volt (V)

Current (I) Ampere (A)

Resistance (R) Ohm (Ω)

Ex. Calculate the power in a circuit if it has a resistance of 40 ohms and an electrical
current of 1.5A.
Unknown = P = ?
Given = Current (I) - 1.5 A
Resistance (R) - 40 ohms
Formula: I^2R
Solution: 1.5^2 x 40
Answer: 90W