KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

Nation - Religion - King

General Population Census of Cambodia 1998 Final Census Results

(2nd Edition)

National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning Phnom Penh, Cambodia Funded by: United Nations Population Fund August, 2002

CONTENTS
Page Foreword by HE Minister of Planning Foreword by UNFPA Representative, Cambodia Cambodia-Province Map Figures at a Glance SECTION 1- Introduction SECTION 2- Brief Analysis of Final Census Results of Cambodia GLOSSARY SECTION 3- Census Tables Cambodia Provinces / Municipalities (with Analytical Notes) 01. Banteay Mean Chey 02. Bat Dambang 03. Kampong Cham 04. Kampong Chhnang 05. Kampong Spueu 06. Kampong Thum 07. Kampot 08. Kandal 09. Kaoh Kong 10. Kracheh 11. Mondol Kiri 12. Phnom Penh Municipality 13. Preah Vihear 14. Prey Veaeng 15. Pousat 16. Rotanak Kiri 17. Siem Reab 3 5 6 7 10 17 37 41 42 45 46 56 67 80 91 102 113 124 136 146 156 165 176 186 198 208 218

18. Krong Preah Sihanouk 19. Stueng Traeng 20. Svay Rieng 21. Takaev 22. Otdar Mean Chey 23. Krong Kaeb 24. Krong Pailin Annexes

229 238 248 259 270 279 288

Annex 1- Form A - Houselisting and Form B - Households Questionnaires

297 298

Annex 2- List of Priority Tables

302

Annex 3- Publication Programme

304

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FOREWORD By HE Minister of Planning, Cambodia It is with great pleasure that I present this report containing the final population figures and some important results of the 1998 Census of Cambodia. Earlier, in August 1998, the provisional population figures were released based on a quick tabulation of summary figures provided by the enumerators. This was done so as to give a preliminary idea of the size of population of the country and its provinces as revealed by the census. The present results are based on detailed scrutiny and tabulation of data relating to each and every individual enumerated in the census. The final figures almost confirm the preliminary population totals, even though there is a marginal difference in the exact figures. The mammoth task of census data processing involving more than two million schedules has been successfully completed by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). Some of the salient results of the census are presented in this report. The other results will be published in due course after detailed analysis. The release of the final census figures of the 1998 marks an important stage in the statistical history of Cambodia as it is for the first time since 1962 the population data based on a census are available. We express our deep sense of gratitude to HE Sar Kheng, Deputy Prime Minister and Co-Minister, Ministry of Interior who is the chairman of the National Census Committee and other members for their guidance from time to time. Our thanks are also due to the Chairman and members of Technical Committee for the Census and the National Steering Committee for Census Information and Education Campaign The census operations were carried out mostly with the help of the Province Census Committees headed by Governors of Provinces. We thank the Governors and the members of the Provincial Census Committees for their assistance. The Press, the radio and the TV played a very important role in census publicity and our thanks are due to them. We wish to place on record our gratitude to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and in particular its successive Representatives in Cambodia, Dr. Vincent Fauveau and Mr. Hedi Jemai for providing the necessary funding and technical assistance. We also thank the staff of UNFPA office Cambodia for their continued assistance. We are grateful to the United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) for their cooperation in executing the project. We thank the UNDP for providing funds for census vehicles, computers and other equipment and the UNESCO for successfully implementing the advocacy and public information campaign for the census. Our thanks are due to Mr. Nott Rama Rao, Chief Technical Adviser, Mr. Harry Lode, Data Processing Adviser and other staff of the Census Project for their constant assistance and guidance. The success of the census operations is mainly due to the teamwork in the census organisation itself. The Census of Cambodia is a massive administrative-cum-statistical exercise and its completion has been possible with the total help and co-operation

received from one and all. The major share of the credit for the success of the census should go to the people of Cambodia themselves and to the large number of devoted, hard working and loyal enumerators, supervisors, village chiefs, commune, district and province census officers and their colleagues, Regional and Assistant Regional Officers and other staff of NIS and Ministry of Planning drafted for census as well as data processing work. HE Lay Prohas, Secretary of State, Ministry of Planning has been ably co-ordinating the activity of the census project. HE Hou Taing Eng, former Director and HE San Sy Than, present Director, NIS, Mr. Seng Soeun, Deputy Director, NIS, and their colleagues have greatly assisted in the various census activities. Thanks are due to each of them. It is hoped that Ministries, international agencies, researchers and the public will find this report useful.

Ministry of Planning Phnom Penh July, 1999

Chhay Than Minister of Planning

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FOREWORD By UNFPA Representative, Cambodia On behalf of UNFPA, which has funded the census, I would like to congratulate the Royal Government of Cambodia and, in particular, the Ministry of Planning and the National Institute of Statistics on the publication of the final results of the 1998 Census of Cambodia. It is indeed a matter of great satisfaction that the long awaited census was successfully conducted in March 1998. The Ministry of Planning published the preliminary results within five months of the completion of the census. The current report contains not only the final population figures for Cambodia but also many useful statistics and indicators at both national and provincial level. We hope these will prove very useful to administrators, demographers and the public in general. The census results will potentially play a key role in assisting the Royal Government and its partners in planning for the sustainable development of Cambodia. The census project was designed to develop the national capacity for producing reliable demographic data and to assist the Royal Government of Cambodia in conducting the census. I am confident that the twin objectives have been achieved in abundant measure. I take this opportunity to thank the Royal Government of Cambodia for their cooperation in implementing the census project. As the Representative of the UNFPA and as a demographer myself, I have been closely associated with the census ever since I arrived in Cambodia in November 1997. I am pleased to report that the preparations for the census, the enumeration of population and the data processing activities were all implemented and completed meticulously on time with an eye on quality. I am sure that this report, as well as the several publications and other dissemination products to follow, will bear testimony to the conduct of a very successful census in Cambodia. As Cambodia faces the challenges of planning its future development, I hope that the census will be a first step towards the integration of population concerns in development strategies. In particular, I hope that the census results will bring closer the day when Cambodia will adopt a population policy, to ensure that there is a sustainable and harmonious balance between population growth, the

economy and the environment. Phnom Penh July 19, 1999 Hedi Jemai UNFPA Representative, Cambodia

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Map 1.Cambodia by Province

Lao PDR
Otdar Mean Chey

Banteay Mean Chey

Preah Vihear Siem Reab

Stueng Traeng

Rotanak Kiri

Bat Dambang Krong Pailin Kampong Thum Kampong Kracheh Mondol Kiri

Thum
Pousat Kampong Chhnang Kampong Cham

Thailand
Kampong Spueu Kaoh Kong Phnom Penh

Vietnam

Prey Veaeng Svay Rieng

Kandal Krong Kampot Preah Sihanouk Krong Kaeb Takaev

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GENERAL POPULATION CENSUS OF CAMBODIA 1998 FINAL CENSUS RESULTS FIGURES AT A GLANCE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Number of provinces / municipalities Number of districts Number of communes Number of villages Population by Urban-Rural residence and sex Total / Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Both sexes 11,437,656 1,795,575 9,642,081 Males 5,511,408 878,186 4,633,222 24 183 1,609 13,406 Females 5,926,248 917,389 5,008,859 15.7 2.49 2,188,663 2,162,086 5.2 5.5 5.1 25.7 64 42.8 53.7 3.5 86.1 69.1 89.7

Percentage of urban population Annual population growth rate (percent) Total number of households Number of normal or regular households Average household size (based on normal or regular households) Total Urban Rural

11. Percentage of female headed households 12. Density of population per Km2 13. Percentage of population by age group Children (0-14) Economically productive age group (15-64) The elderly population (65+) 14. Dependency ratio Total Urban Rural 15. Sex ratio (No. of males per 100 females) Total Urban Rural
Note:

93.0 95.7 92.5

1. All figures are at the national level. 2. The number of districts, communes and villages presented here are slightly different from those published earlier in the provisional census results. This is due to a revision undertaken to reconcile the census frame with the frame of the Geographic Department.

16. Marital status of population aged 15 and over Marital Status (in percentage) Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Married Both sexes 29.4 61.3 6.5 2.4 Males 32.8 64.6 1.6 0.8 Females 26.6 58.4 10.8 3.7 17. Mean age at marriage Males Females 18. Adult literacy rate (percentage of literate persons aged 15 and over to total persons aged 15 and over) Total / Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Both Sexes 67.3 79.1 64.9 Males 79.5 88.2 77.6

Separated 0.4 0.2 0.5 24.2 22.5

Females 57.0 70.8 54.3

19. Educational levels completed by literate persons aged 25 years and over Percent Males 2.0 49.0 28.7 13.9 5.3 1.1

Educational Level No educational Level Primary not completed Primary Lower Secondary Secondary/Diploma Beyond and Secondary

Both Sexes 2.1 56.6 24.7 11.8 4.0 0.8

Females 2.2 66.1 19.7 9.2 2.4 0.4

20. Economic activity rate or participation rate (percentage of economically active persons among population aged 7 and over) Both Sexes Males Females 21. Percentage of population by industrial sector Primary Secondary Tertiary 22. Percentage of migrants (with previous residence outside place of enumeration) 23. Percentage of households having access to safe drinking water (i.e. piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought) Total Urban Rural

55.5 56.5 54.6 77.5 4.3 18.2 31.5

29.0 60.3 23.7

24. Percentage of households having electricity as main source of light Total Urban Rural 25. Percentage of households by main type of fuel used for cooking Firewood Charcoal Kerosene LPG Others 26. Percentage of households having toilet facility within premises Total Urban Rural

15.1 53.6 8.6 90.0 5.3 1.8 1.7 1.2 14.5 49.0 8.6

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SECTION 1
Introduction 1. Preliminary

The General Population Census of Cambodia, 1998 was conducted in March 1998 with midnight of March 3, (00 hours) as the reference time. It revealed a population of 11.4 million. The last official census, conducted 36 years ago in 1962, counted a population of 5.7 million. 2. Background

As there was no census for more than three decades due to war and serious political disturbances, no comprehensive and satisfactory population database existed for use in development plans and programmes of Cambodia. It was in this background, that in 1993, as soon as a democratically elected government was established, the Royal Government of Cambodia requested the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to provide technical and financial support for conducting a population census. The Census project was implemented in two phases, while a complementary project for census publicity was developed at a later stage. The first phase of the Census Project was provided for by UNFPA-funded project CMB/94/P02-Support to National Population Census of Cambodia (Phase I). Under this project (1995-96), a team of technical staff commenced the census preliminary work in 1995. A census office was established and equipped within the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of the Ministry of Planning, a number of NIS staff and provincial staff were trained in demographic statistics, census and data processing, internally and at reputed institutions abroad. This was very necessary, as NIS had no staff with census experience. The conduct of national-level Demographic Survey of Cambodia (DSC), covering 20,000 households, in March 1996 as part of Phase I activities, helped in training staff of the NIS and the provincial and district level statistical system to carry out successfully a large-scale data collection exercise. The DSC data which were disseminated through reports and diskettes in December 1996 were welcomed and appreciated by the Royal Government of Cambodia as well as data users. Phase II of the UNFPA funded census project (1997-99) CMB/97/P02 focused on capacity building in the preparation for the census, the conduct of the Population Census in March 1998, census data processing, and analysis and dissemination of the census results. For Phases I and II of the project and for census publicity, UNFPA funded about US$1.4 million, 4.9 million and 0.5 million respectively, making a total of US$6.8 million. UNDP shared US$0.7 million in Phase II to provide census vehicles and some other equipment. The Royal Government of Cambodia also contributed towards census fieldwork expenditure.

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3.

Preparations

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The Demographic Survey of 1996 marked the beginning of the preparation for the census. Two questionnaires (Form A Houselist and Form B Household questionnaire), developed for the demographic survey, were slightly revised to suit census purposes. They were further refined based on the experience of the first pre-test in selected areas in January 1997, suggestions made at the First Data Users Meeting (April 1997) and recommendations of the Census Technical Committee (April and June 1997). Finally a pilot census was carried out in June 1997 in sample areas with the help of teachers which showed that with some minor changes, the questionnaires and the instruction manuals developed could be used in the census. One of the most important pre-census activities was to develop maps at various administrative levels. For the purpose of enumeration, each enumerator was to be given an enumeration area (EA) with definite boundaries. An EA, with an average size of about 100 households, might be a village or part of a village (in the case of large villages). Starting from December 1996 the work of preparing village sketch maps and delineating the Enumeration Areas was completed in about a years time. 4. Methodology

De Facto enumeration The census was conducted on a de facto basis. In other words, all persons staying in Cambodia on the Census Night were enumerated in the place they were found present. These persons included foreigners but excluded foreign diplomatic corps and the like and their families. Officials of Cambodia's missions and their families living in other countries were enumerated by mailing questionnaires to them with the help of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Canvasser Method The method of enumeration adopted was the canvasser method. An officially appointed enumerator visited every household in the allotted EA and collected for every person the information required. This information was recorded on the census questionnaire. The Census defined a household as a group of persons living together and taking their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so. There may be a household of persons related by blood or a household of unrelated persons or having a mix of both. Examples of unrelated household are boarding houses, jails, messes, rescue homes, pagodas etc. These are called "Institutional Households". There may be single member households, two member households or multimember households. For census purposes each one of these types was regarded as a household. Special arrangements were made to enumerate homeless population, those staying in hotels and guest houses, transient population and those living in boats on the night of March 2, 1998.

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The enumeration of persons in military barracks was carried out by the barracks personnel who were specially trained. The main census enumeration was conducted during March 3 to 12 (ten days) with midnight of March 3 as reference time. It was preceded by houselisting (February 27 to March 2) in each EA which included (i) updating of EA map (ii) numbering of residential and partially residential buildings and marking them on EA map and (iii) filling in the houselist (Form A). Geographical Frame
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The Geographical frame for the 1998 census followed the defined structure of province, district, commune and village. There are 24 provinces in the country which include the municipality of Phnom Penh and the "Krong" or "Towns" of Preah Sihanouk, Kaeb and Pailin. These provinces are divided into 183 districts which are subdivided into 1,609 communes containing 13,406 villages. Census enumeration covered the entire inhabited geographical areas with the exception of a few areas which were inaccessible during the census due to military operations. These areas were: (i) Whole districts of Anlong Veaeng in Otdar Mean Chey province, Samlot in Bat Dambang province and Veal Veaeng in Pousat province (ii) Ou Bei Choan village of Ou Chrov district in Banteay Mean Chey province. The population in these excluded areas is estimated to be about 45,000. The refugee population who immigrated to Thailand at the time of the census were not included in the census as it was conducted on a de facto basis. There were some difficult areas in the country which were not approachable by road or motor transport. They were reached by enumerators only by walk or by such transport like cycle, ox-drawn cart, boat etc. Moreover, enumerators had to be careful about areas which were mined. Being local people, the enumerators were familiar with such danger zones. 5. Census Organization

Census Decree The 1998 Census was conducted under the authority of the Royal Decree (Kret) No. JS/RKT/02-96/08 dated February 29, 1996 on the organization of the General Population Census of Cambodia. According to this Decree, the Ministry of Planning is responsible for the General Population Census with the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) as the implementing agency. The Decree inter alia ensures confidentiality of personal information collected in the census. Organization Structure The National Committee for the General Population Census of Cambodia constituted by Sub-decree No. 12 dated January 31, 1997, under the chairmanship of HE Deputy Prime Minister and Co-Minister, Ministry of Interior, had the responsibility for instructing, deciding and endorsing all general items of work pertaining to the census. The Census Technical Committee with HE Minister of Planning as chairman dealt with technical issues relating to the census. In the conduct of the census, the population census office of the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) under the Director of Census was the central unit that served as the monitoring, communication and action centre for the census. It had seven divisions each in charge of a specific activity, like administration, planning and monitoring etc. The Province Director of Planning acted as the Province Census Officer (PCO) for his / her province and was responsible for the operations in the province. A middle level officer of
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the NIS was posted at each provincial headquarters as Regional Officer (RO). Trained junior officers of NIS were posted in provinces as Assistant Regional Officers at the rate of one for three or four districts. The Regional and Assistant Regional Officers acted as technical advisers to the province census officers. A Provincial Census Committee, with the Governor of the Province as chairperson, was established in each province to assist in implementing the census successfully. The District Officer assisted by his/her staff was the officer in charge of census operations in the District. The Commune Officer was the census charge officer for the commune. He/she was assisted in technical matters by an officer from Province / District Offices and Area Supervisors. Enumerators were drawn from school teachers and other officials at the rate of one enumerator for an EA. Generally one supervisor was appointed to closely supervise the work of three to four enumerators depending on the size and location of EAs. Regional Census Coordinators (six UN Volunteers and one consultant) were appointed in remote provinces for guiding the Province Census Officers and supervising the census in those provinces. Recruitment and Training
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About 25,000 enumerators and 8,350 supervisors were appointed to do the enumeration by visiting each and every household. They were drawn mostly from teachers. Training on the census procedure and filling-in of questionnaires and other relevant census forms (with practical exercise) was imparted at three levels. Training materials were prepared carefully in advance. These materials included instruction manuals to enumerators/supervisors, training guides for trainers, flip charts and training forms. At the first level, training was given to about 70 trainers' trainers, who were the core census staff and the staff of the Ministry of Planning and NIS earmarked for the census work. They were trained at NIS for three to four weeks. At the second level, training of trainers of enumerators and supervisors was given by trainers' trainers at province headquarters mostly during December 1997 for a week. In some provinces like Kampong Cham, Mondol Kiri, Rotanak Kiri, and Siem Reab this training was given in early January 1998. In Preah Vihear which could be reached from Phnom Penh only by chartered planes and in Krong Pailin which joined the main stream at a late stage, the training was given much later. The trainers of enumerators were selected from among senior teachers and senior staff of education department (e.g. the District Education Officer) by the Province Commune Census Officer. The trainers were also given a one-day refresher training in January 1998. Training of enumerators and supervisors was the third level training held for a week at training centers situated in district headquarters / selected communes. In all, there were 505 training centers in which 961 training sessions were held. Census Questionnaires Two questionnaires were used in the 1998 Census of Cambodia. These were called: Form A: Houselist and Form B: Household Questionnaire. Form A: Houselist which was canvassed during the preliminary round was used to collect the following information in respect of buildings which had households in them: Building / Structure number, predominant construction material of wall, roof and floor of building, whether building is

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wholly or partly residential, household number, and name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household. Form B: Household Questionnaire had four parts:- Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4. This was used for census enumeration during March 3 to 12, 1998 in all households. In Part 1, information on usual members of household present on Census Night (March 3, 1998), visitors present on the Census Night and usual members absent on the Census Night was collected. Part 2 of Form B, was used to collect the following information in respect of each usual member of household present and each visitor to household: Full name, relationship to head of household, sex, age, marital status, mother tongue, religion, birth place, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics. In Part 3 of Form B, fertility information of females aged 15 and over in the household was collected. In Part 4 of Form B, following information was collected on housing conditions and facilities: basis of occupancy of the dwelling by the household (like owner occupied or rented), main source of light available to the household, main cooking fuel used by household, whether toilet facility was available within premises, main source of drinking water supply for the household and number of rooms occupied by the household. Specimen copies of the questionnaires are given in Annex 1 at the end of the report. Field Supervision
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The census was closely supervised by census supervisors and commune, district and province officials. National and International staff as well as the Minister of Planning and UNFPA Representative visited several areas to oversee the census operations. A team consisting of three international observers who inspected the census operations in different parts of the country, concluded that the census coverage and quality was generally good. Publicity Campaign For successfully conducting the census, people had to be informed well in advance about the scope and purposes of the census to get their co-operation. They had to be convinced that the information collected in the census would be kept confidential. For this purpose a complementary project called Advocacy and Public Information Campaign for the Population Census CMB/97/P08 was executed by UNESCO with UNFPA funding of about 0.5 million US dollars.

The project assisted in mobilising all the relevant communication networks in Cambodia. This included physical networks, such as those of the main line ministries and of the cults (mainly the pagoda), the electronic networks (especially radio and television) and the press. The more traditional campaign networks at commune, district and provincial level were also used, along with communication through banners, stickers, etc. It also assisted in: (i) mobilising all the key personalities of the country, including the Members of Parliament, to support the campaign (ii) training of the press, the journalists, the editors and the information officers of the ministries on all issues related to the census

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(iii) co-operating with Cambodian institutions and staff for the production of all the publicity materials for the campaign. All the radio/television spots and programmes produced during the campaign were done by or in co-operation with the existing Cambodia stations. An easily identifiable character created for census publicity called "Louk Chumroeun or Mr. Census was very popular with the people. According to the evaluation survey conducted soon after the census, the advocacy and public information campaign for the census was a great success, reaching more than 90 percent of the population. Data Processing
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The main post-census activity of the Data Processing Division was the manual coding and editing of census documents, data entry from the questionnaires, computer editing and tabulation and the generation of various dissemination products. The manual coding and editing of the census documents was done in two stages. First, the summary statements were scrutinised and edited. This provided the basis for the provisional census results (population by sex at national and provincial levels), which were released through a book in August 1998. The second stage concentrated on the coding, editing and data entry of the main census questionnaire (Form B). Computer editing was performed to remove errors and inconsistencies in the data sets. A large number of statistical tables were generated at various geographical levels. To this end, a Tabulation Plan had been prepared, taking into account the recommendations made at the Second Data Users Meeting (November 1998). The list of priority tables is given in Annex 2. Analysis and Dissemination The main objective of the census is that its results should be properly analysed and used for planning for development. Census data will be disseminated through publications and electronic media (diskettes/CD-ROM). Training on data analysis was given to national staff in training workshops. Data analysis will be made by such national staff under the guidance of consultants. Analytical reports, each dealing with a specific topic, will be published after the analysis. The 1998 General Population Census of Cambodia will fill in a long felt gap in demographic data in Cambodia. The plethora of census data could be used by the various Ministries of the Royal Government of Cambodia and by UN Agencies, NGOs and professional organisations working in Cambodia. The Census will provide bench-mark data which could be used by the agencies working in different areas like reproductive health and family planning services, education and training, research, population and development, women and gender. The Government will be able to develop an integrated population information system which in the long run, will be instrumental in monitoring population programmes. Master sample A Master Sample has been drawn based on the census data. The Master Sample will provide a reliable sampling frame to be used for the planning and implementation of intercensal household surveys.
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Post Enumeration Survey

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The census was closely followed by a Post Enumeration Survey (PES) conducted in sample areas to evaluate the census. This was necessary as in a large-scale exercise like the census, it is inevitable that some inaccuracies arise from deficiencies and errors in coverage and response. A separate report on the findings of the survey will be published. The most important finding of the PES was that the net under-enumeration in the census was 1.78 percent. This is considered to be good. Publication Programme This report, which is a follow up of the book "General Population Census of Cambodia, 1998, Provisional Population Totals" (July 1998), contains the final population totals as also some important indicators from the 1998 census. In Section 2 a brief analysis of the final population tables is made. This is followed by the tables on final population totals at national level. In Section 3 the final population tables for each province are presented with an analytical note relating to the population of the province as well as some important indicators. Section 2 at national level is more detailed than the province profiles. However, further analysis at national, province and district levels will be made in the analytical reports and province level publications. The next in the series of census publications will be the statistical table volumes at national, province and district levels. These tables (with explanatory notes) relating to each province will be published in separate volumes. It is also proposed to bring out, after analysis, several reports each dealing with a specific topic. The topics to be covered are fertility, mortality, migration, population projection, educational characteristics, housing amenities and household characteristics, district gazetteer and census atlas containing thematic maps. A complete list of planned publications of the 1998 Population Census of Cambodia is given in Annex 3.

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SECTION 2 Brief Analysis of Final Census Results of Cambodia 1. Population Size, Growth and Distribution

The final population of Cambodia as on March 3, 1998 according to the 1998 Census is 11,437,656. It exceeds the provisional population of 11,426,223 by 11,433 or 0.1 percent which is very marginal. Table 2.1 shows the variation between provisional and final population in respect of each province. In order to provide an idea of the size of the population in the country and its regions soon after the census, the provisional results were compiled on a quick check and tabulation of summaries submitted by enumerators. On the other hand the final tabulation was preceded by detailed scrutiny, editing and validation of each and every census schedule relating to more than two million households. This has resulted in slight variation between the two sets of figures. Table 2.1. Variation between Provisional and Final Population Totals by Province, Cambodia
Difference Code Province Cambodia 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Banteay Mean Chey Bat Dambang Kampong Cham Kampong Chhnang Kampong Spueu Kampong Thum Kampot Kandal Kaoh Kong Kracheh Mondol Kiri Phnom Penh Preah Vihear Prey Veaeng Pousat Rotanak Kiri Siem Reab Krong Preah Sihanouk Stueng Traeng Svay Rieng Takaev Otdar Mean Chey Krong Kaeb Krong Pailin Provisional Population 11,426,223 577,300 791,958 1,607,913 416,999 598,101 568,454 527,904 1,073,586 131,912 262,945 32,392 997,986 119,160 945,129 360,291 94,188 695,485 155,376 80,978 478,099 789,710 68,836 28,677 22,844 Final Population 11,437,656 577,772 793,129 1,608,914 417,693 598,882 569,060 528,405 1,075,125 132,106 263,175 32,407 999,804 119,261 946,042 360,445 94,243 696,164 155,690 81,074 478,252 790,168 68,279 28,660 22,906 No. 11,433 472 1,171 1,001 694 781 606 501 1,539 194 230 15 1,818 101 913 154 55 679 314 96 153 458 -557 -17 62 Percentage 0.10 0.08 0.15 0.06 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.14 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.18 0.08 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.20 0.12 0.03 0.06 -0.81 -0.06 0.27

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The minor variation has not, however, resulted in any significant change in our earlier findings or the indicators at the national level (e.g. sex ratio, percentage of urban population, density of population and average household size). The population of Cambodia by sex and urban-rural residence is given in Table 2.2. Table 2.2. Population by Urban-Rural residence and Sex, Cambodia Total / Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural
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Both sexes 11,437,656 1,795,575 9,642,081

Males 5,511,408 878,186 4,633,222

Females 5,926,248 917,389 5,008,859

An attempt was made in the census provisional report to estimate the growth rate of population using the results of the Demographic Survey (DSC) of 1996 and the Provisional Population Totals of the 1998 Census. According to this the annual growth rate (average annual exponential growth rate) of population of Cambodia during 1996-98 worked out to 2.44 percent. On the basis of the final population figures of the census, the annual growth rate slightly increases to 2.49 percent. Table 2.3. ranks the provinces according to population size. Table 2.3. Ranking of Provinces by Population Size, Cambodia
Rank Province Cambodia 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Kampong Cham Kandal Phnom Penh Prey Veaeng Bat Dambang Takaev Siem Reab Kampong Spueu Banteay Mean Chey Kampong Thum Kampot Svay Rieng Kampong Chhnang Pousat Kracheh Krong Preah Sihanouk Kaoh Kong Preah Vihear Rotanak Kiri Stueng Traeng Otdar Mean Chey Mondol Kiri Krong Kaeb Krong Pailin Total Population Number Percentage 11,437,656 1,608,914 1,075,125 999,804 946,042 793,129 790,168 696,164 598,882 577,772 569,060 528,405 478,252 417,693 360,445 263,175 155,690 132,106 119,261 94,243 81,074 68,279 32,407 28,660 22,906 100.0 14.07 9.40 8.74 8.27 6.93 6.91 6.09 5.24 5.05 4.98 4.62 4.18 3.65 3.15 2.30 1.36 1.16 1.04 0.82 0.71 0.60 0.28 0.25 0.20

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The first 12 provinces account for nearly 85 percent of the country's population. Kampong Cham is the biggest province while Krong Pailin is the smallest unit. 2. Households
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The concepts of household and head of household are explained in the Glossary at the end of this Section. There are 2,188,663 households in the country. Of these, 2,162,086 households (98.8 percent) are normal or regular households. The remaining 1.2 percent includes other types of households. The numbers of households in the urban and rural areas are 322,246 and 1,866,417 respectively. Average Household Size The average household size of normal or regular households in Cambodia works out to 5.2. It is higher in urban (5.5) than in rural areas (5.1). Among the provinces, Phnom Penh and Mondol Kiri have the highest average household size of 5.7. Prey Veaeng (4.9) and Svay Rieng (4.8) have the smallest. Female Headed Households Among the normal or regular households, 555,783 or 25.7 percent are headed by women. Mostly the female-heads of household belong to a higher age group as is evident from the fact that 62.1 percent of such women are aged 40 and above as against the corresponding proportion of 45.4 percent among male heads of households. The proportion of female-headed households ranges widely among the provinces from as low as 12.5 percent in Rotanak Kiri to the highest level of 32.5 percent in Krong Pailin. 3. Density of Population

According to the Ministry of Interior the total area of Cambodia is 181,035 Km2 which includes the area of Tonle Sap lake (3000 Km2). The density of population in the country as a whole works out to 64 per Km2. The densities in the different natural regions are as follows: Plain region: 235; Tonle Sap region: 52; Coastal region: 49; Plateau and Mountain region: 17. The densest region is the plains. The mountain region is most sparsely populated. Among the provinces, the density varies from a mere 2 per Km2 in Mondol Kiri province to as much as 3,448 per Km2 in the capital city of Phnom Penh. Figure 2.1 presents a thematic map of provincial population densities. 4. Age, Sex and Marital Status

Age Structure In the census, information on age in completed years was collected. In many cases enumerators had to convert age returned on the basis of animal calendar into completed years of age. A conversion table was provided to enumerators for this purpose.

19

Figure 2.1. Population Density by Province, Cambodia

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The sex and age composition of a population is the result of interaction of fertility, mortality and migration in the past. While Table 2.4 gives the percentage distribution of population of both sexes and each sex by single years of age and quinquennial age groups, Figure 2.2 graphically depicts the age-sex composition of the country's population in the form of an age pyramid. The pyramid shows the differences or changes in the proportional size of each age-sex group. Figure 2.2. Age Distribution, Cambodia
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unadjusted Age distribution

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

Males

0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.1

5.8 7.4 7.9 6.5 10

25

0.3 0.4 0.6 Females 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.4 6.0 7.1 7.6 6.3 2
10 15

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

4
20

8
30

10

20

TOC

Table 2.4. Percentage Distribution of Population by Single Years of Age and Five-Year Age Groups by Sex and Urban-Rural Residence, Cambodia
Total Age Group Total 0-4 0 1 2 3 4 5-9 5 6 7 8 9 10 - 14 10 11 12 13 14 15 - 19 15 16 17 18 19 20 - 24 20 21 22 23 24 25 - 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 - 34 30 31 32 33 34 35 - 39 35 36 37 38 39 Both Sexes 100 12.8 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.9 3.0 15.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.6 14.5 3.4 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.6 11.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 1.6 6.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 7.8 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 6.8 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 6.1 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 Males 100 13.6 2.1 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.2 16.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.8 15.4 3.7 2.8 3.3 3.0 2.7 12.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 1.7 6.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 7.7 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 6.7 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 5.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 Females 100 12.1 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.9 14.7 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.4 13.6 3.2 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.6 11.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 1.6 6.6 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 7.8 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 7.0 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 6.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 Both Sexes 100 10.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 13.4 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.3 13.8 3.1 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 13.0 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 1.8 7.2 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 8.8 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.5 7.6 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 6.9 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.0 Urban Males 100 11.3 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.6 14.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.4 14.4 3.2 2.5 3.1 2.9 2.7 12.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 1.8 7.2 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5 9.0 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.6 7.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 7.0 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.0 Females 100 10.3 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 12.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.2 13.2 2.9 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 13.1 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 1.8 7.1 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 8.6 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.4 7.4 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 6.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1 Both Sexes 100 13.2 2.1 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.1 15.9 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.7 14.6 3.5 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.6 11.5 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.6 6.4 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 7.6 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 6.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 5.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 Rural Males 100 14 2.2 2.7 2.7 3.2 3.3 16.9 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.8 15.6 3.8 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.7 11.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.6 6.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 7.5 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 6.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 5.7 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 Females 100 12.5 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.9 15.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.5 13.7 3.2 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 11.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.6 6.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 7.6 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 6.9 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 6.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0

21

TOC
Total Age Group 40 - 44 40 41 42 43 44 45 - 49 45 46 47 48 49 50 - 54 50 51 52 53 54 55 - 59 55 56 57 58 59 60 - 64 60 61 62 63 64 65 - 69 65 66 67 68 69 70 - 74 70 71 72 73 74 75 - 79 75 76 77 78 79 80+ Both Sexes 4.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 3.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 2.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 2.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 Males 3.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 3.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 2.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 2.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 Females 5.0 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.1 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 3.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 2.0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 Both Sexes 5.1 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 4.0 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 2.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 2.1 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 Urban Males 4.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 3.7 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 2.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.9 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 Females 5.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 4.3 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.6 3.1 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 2.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 Both Sexes 4.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 3.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 2.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 2.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 Rural Males 3.4 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 3.1 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 2.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 2.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 Females 4.9 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.0 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 3.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 2.0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4

In a population census, misreporting of age or "age heaping" is a common phenomenon. An indicator commonly used for evaluating age heaping is Myer's index (See Glossary) which varies from 0 to 90. The smaller the Myer's index the higher the accuracy of age reporting. Myer's index for the age distribution of Cambodia works out to 4.85 (4.75 for males and 4.90 for females). As it is less than 10, age reporting may be considered reliable, despite some irregularities.
22

As shown in Figure 2.2 the largest cohort reported by the census is that of ages 5-9. This is closely followed by the cohort of ages 10-14. This may be attributed to a baby boom reported in the early 1980s and an estimated high fertility in the following years of that decade. The proportion of children in the age-group 0-4 is substantially less than that in the age group 5-9. This could have been due to recent decline in fertility or underreporting of infants and young children or exaggeration of their ages or, what may not be probable, an increase in infant and child mortality. Further analysis on this topic is required. Above age 25, the population in each five-year age group declines fairly regularly. The sex ratio also declines with age though not that regularly. The sex and age structure beyond age 25 as portrayed by the age pyramid reflects the high levels of mortality during the 1970s as a result of internal strife. Cambodia has a young population with children (aged 0-14) forming 42.8 percent. The proportion of female children (40.4 percent) is less than that of male children (45.4). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 53.7 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.5 percent. People aged 18 years and over (voting age group) form nearly 50 percent of the total population. In the urban areas, children (37.9 percent) and the elderly (3 percent) are in lesser proportions than in rural areas. Sex Ratio
TOC

Females outnumber males in the Cambodian population (Table 2.5). This is true of both urban and rural areas. According to the 1962 census the sex ratio in Cambodia was 99.9, which was an ideal balance. It drastically fell to 86 in 1980 probably due to heavy mortality among men. It has been rising gradually since then reaching about 93 in 1998.

Table 2.5. Sex Ratio by Urban-Rural Residence, Cambodia Total / Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Sex Ratio 93.0 95.7 92.5 % Female Population 51.8 51.1 51.9

The sex ratios for different age groups for Cambodia as a whole (Table 2.6) shows the changes in sex ratio with age. The age pattern of sex ratios by single years of age may be seen in Figure 2.3. The sex ratio at birth is generally taken as ranging from 104 to 107. Due to higher male mortality the excess of males at birth declines gradually with age. In the age group 15-19, there is near balance and later, in the middle and older ages, females exceed males in number. The effect of high mortality and large scale out migration of adult males from the country during the Khmer Rough period (1975-78) is revealed by very low sex ratios in the age groups 40-44 onwards. In the provinces, the sex ratio varies from 88.9 (Prey Veaeng and Svay Rieng) to 105.1 in Kaoh Kong. The other provinces where the sex ratio exceeds 100 are Mondol Kiri (102.2) Otdar Mean Chey (102.0) and Krong

Table 2.6. Sex Ratio by Age Group, Cambodia Age Group 0-4 5-9 10- 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75+ Sex Ratio 103.9 104.0 105.5 97.7 90.4 92.5 89.7 87.8 67.2 72.7 73.5 75.1 73.1 73.4 71.5 67.6

23

Pailin (117.9). Male selective migration into these provinces may perhaps account for the high sex ratios. Figure 2.3. Sex Ratios for Age in Single Years, Cambodia
Percent 120

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100

80

60

40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

Age in Single years

Dependency Ratio Age dependency ratio is an index which summarises the age distribution. It works out to 86.1. It indicates a high dependency burden on the productive age group. The dependency ratios in urban and rural areas are 69.1 and 89.7 respectively. Marital Status of the Population
Table 2.7 Marital Status by Sex, Cambodia Table 2.7 gives the percentage Marital Status (in percentage) distribution of Never population aged 15 Sex Married Married Widowed Divorced Separated and above among Both 29.4 61.3 6.5 2.4 0.4 both sexes, males sexes and females Males 32.8 64.6 1.6 0.8 0.2 26.6 58.4 10.8 3.7 0.5 according to marital Females status. The proportions of single (never married) and married among males are more than the corresponding proportions among females. Higher proportions of women than men have not remarried once they had lost their husbands or got separated. It also indicates a higher mortality among men than among women. The marital status distribution of the urban population is nearly the same as in rural areas except that in the urban areas, percentages of never married males (39.2) and females (30.6) are higher than the corresponding rural figures of 31.5 percent and 25.8 percent respectively.

24

The singulate mean age at first marriage (SMAM) for males and females in Cambodia works out to 24.2 and 22.5 respectively. Since men generally marry later than women, the SMAM is higher for men than women. In urban areas the mean age at marriage is higher for both males (26.6) and females (23.6). The estimates of age at first marriage of both men and women in Cambodia are lower than those in neighboring Viet Nam (24.5 for men and 23.2 for women in 1989) and Thailand (24.7 for men and 22.7 for women in 1980). 5. Literacy
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General Literacy Level The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2.8. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected. Table 2.8 Literate population and Literacy Rates, Cambodia Total/ Urban/ Population Literate Percentage Sex Rural aged 7 + population Literate Both Total 9,201,498 5,778,369 62.8 Sexes Urban 1,498,343 1,131,104 75.5 Rural 7,703,155 4,647,265 60.3 Males Total 4,371,495 3,104,889 71.0 Urban 725,726 595,706 82.1 Rural 3,645,769 2,509,183 68.8 Females Total 4,830,003 2,673,480 55.4 Urban 772,617 535,398 69.3 Rural 4.057,386 2,138,082 52.7 Adult Literacy Rate The percentage of literate persons aged 15 years and above to total population aged 15 years and above is defined as the adult literacy rate. The literacy rates of adult females are very much lower than those of males both in urban and rural areas (Table 2.9).
Table 2.9. Adult Literacy Rates by Sex and Urban-Rural Residence, Cambodia Total / Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Both Sexes Males Females 67.3 79.5 57.0 79.1 88.3 70.8 64.9 77.6 54.3 Table 2.10. Adult Literacy Rates by Age Group and Sex, Cambodia Age Both group sexes Males Females Total 15+ 67.3 79.5 57.0 15-24 76.3 81.8 71.1 25-34 73.4 81.5 66.0 35-44 66.7 78.0 57.8 45-54 63.7 83.8 49.0 55-64 43.8 73.7 21.6 65+ 30.5 58.7 10.4

25

Figure 2.4. Adult Literacy by Age Groups and Sex, Cambodia

Percent
100

TOC

80

60

Males

40

Both Sexes
20

Females
0 15 20 30 40 50 60 70

Age
It can be observed from Figure 2.4 that with increase in age, there is a general decline in the literacy level (see also Table 2.10). An exception is noticed among males in the age group 45-54 where the literacy level is a little higher than the level in the preceding age group. There has been a gradual improvement in female literacy over the years. Still there is a big gap in the literacy levels of males and females. Efforts are, therefore, needed to attain full literacy. 6. Educational Attainment

Information on the highest grade completed was ascertained from all persons who had returned that they had ever attended school or educational institution. During data processing these grades were converted into levels of education taking into account differences in the educational system over time. The Glossary contains the grades corresponding to different educational levels that are adopted. An analysis of the educational levels of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 63.4 percent of them have not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 22.4 percent and 9.2 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.8) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 2.7 percent. Only 0.5 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 69.6 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 58.1. To get a clearer picture of the educational attainment of the population, persons aged 25 and more may be considered (Table 2.11 and Figure 2.5).

26

Table 2.11. Educational Levels Completed by Literate Persons Aged 25 Years and Over, Cambodia
Educational Level and Sex Total None Both Sexes Males Females Primary not completed Both Sexes Males Females Primary Both Sexes Males Females Lower secondary Both Sexes Males Females Secondary/Diploma Both Sexes Males Females Beyond secondary Both Sexes Males Females Total of 25+ 100 2.1 2.0 2.2 56.6 49.0 66.1 24.7 28.7 19.7 11.8 13.9 9.2 4.0 5.3 2.4 0.8 1.1 0.4 25-34 100 1.1 1.0 1.2 50.4 40.6 61.4 29.9 34.4 25.0 12.5 15.4 9.1 5.1 7.1 2.9 1.0 1.5 0.4 35-44 100 1.8 1.6 2.0 63.7 56.4 71.5 19.6 24.0 15.0 11.2 13.0 9.3 3.1 4.2 1.9 0.6 0.8 0.3 45-54 100 2.3 1.9 2.7 57.5 49.3 67.7 23.0 27.8 17.0 12.4 14.5 9.8 4.0 5.4 2.4 0.8 1.1 0.4 55-64 100 4.8 4.1 6.5 59.0 55.0 69.3 21.9 25.2 13.6 11.1 12.2 8.3 2.7 3.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 65+ 100 9.2 8.1 13.8 65.5 64.3 70.1 16.3 18.1 8.8 7.4 7.9 5.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.3

TOC

Figure 2.5. Educational Level Completed by Literate Persons Aged 25 Years and Over, Cambodia
Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
N e on C ot om d te le p rim y ar y ar nd co Se r a m lo ip nd co e y ar

Males Females

y ar m ri

e ow L

D y/ S ar nd nd o o ey ec B S

27

More than half of the literate population aged 25+ had not completed the primary level. Only one in four of them have primary level education. On the whole, nearly 83 percent among the literates have not gone beyond primary level of education. In the case of males and females the corresponding percentages are 80 and 88 respectively. The proportion of literate females in each of the educational level categories, lower secondary, secondary/diploma and beyond secondary is less than the corresponding proportion for literate males. In the case of primary not completed the proportion of females is more than that of males. All these are indicative of large scale dropouts among girls even at the primary level of education. Persons with the educational levels of secondary and beyond secondary (i.e. undergraduates, graduates and Post-graduates) form 6.1 percent in the age group 25-34. In the higher age groups the corresponding percentage is lower than this. The proportion of those with educational levels beyond primary among the literate population aged 25 and more is higher in urban areas than rural areas (Table 2.12). This is true both of males and females.
TOC

Table 2.12. Educational Levels Completed by Literate Population aged 25 years and over by Urban-Rural Residence, Cambodia Educational Level Total None Primary not completed Primary Lower secondary Secondary/Diploma Beyond secondary BS 100 1.5 39.5 27.6 18.2 10.3 2.9 Urban M 100 1.3 31.1 29.2 20.7 13.5 4.2 F 100 1.5 47.8 24.2 16.3 8.3 1.9 BS 100 2.2 61.0 24.0 10.1 2.5 0.2 Rural M 100 2.2 53.4 28.6 12.2 3.3 0.3 F 100 2.3 70.5 18.2 7.6 1.3 0.1

Along with efforts to achieve full literacy, attention has also to be paid to improve the general educational level which is very low. School Attendance Among the population aged 7 and more, about one quarter is attending school or any educational institution (Table 2.13). Table 2.13. Percentage Attending School / Educational Institution by Sex, Age Group and Urban-Rural Residence, Cambodia Age group 7+ 7-14 15-19 20-24 25+ Total BS 26.0 64.3 40.6 8.3 1.4 M 30.3 66.3 51.4 11.6 1.7 F 22.1 62.3 30.0 5.3 1.1 Urban BS 30.4 75.3 54.6 16.1 2.3 M 34.4 76.8 64.8 22.4 2.9 F 26.8 73.7 45.0 10.1 1.7 Rural BS 25.1 62.4 37.6 6.7 1.2 M 29.5 64.5 48.7 9.2 1.5 F 21.2 60.3 26.8 4.4 1.0

(BS = Both Sexes, M = Males, F = Females)

28

The proportions of females attending school are less than the corresponding proportions of males in all age groups in both urban and rural areas. The difference is maximum in the age group of 15-19. It is also observed that the proportion attending school is higher among urban dwellers than among rural dwellers. In general, more than 60 percent of children (age 7-14) attend school. In the urban areas, more than three-quarters of children are attending. In the age group 20-24, proportion of those attending school is more in urban than in rural both in respect of males and females. Availability of better opportunities for higher studies and training in urban areas like Phnom Penh may be one of the reasons for this. 7. Economically Active Population
TOC

The number of economically active persons in Cambodia is 5,117,879 of which 2,641,579 or 51.6 percent are females. While the economic activity rates (or participation rates) are higher for males the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 2.14). Table 2.14 Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Cambodia Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Economic Activity Rate Both Sexes 55.5 49.3 56.7 Males 56.5 55.6 56.6 Females 54.6 43.4 56.7 Unemployment Rate Both Sexes 5.3 9.2 4.7 Males 4.7 6.7 4.3 Females 5.9 12.2 5.0

The activity rates are higher in rural than in urban areas, both in respect of males and females at the national level. One of the reasons for this differential could be lesser participation in agriculture and higher proportion of school attendance in general in urban parts. In the younger ages, the activity rates are low (Table 2.15) because these are ages of either attending school (students) or staying at home as dependents. Table 2.15. Age-Specific Activity Rates by Sex and Urban-Rural Residence, Cambodia
Age Group Total 7+ 7-9 10-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total M 56.5 0.4 3.6 56.3 96.5 98.4 97.9 91.6 62.6 Participation Rates Urban BS M F 49.3 55.6 43.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.7 2.2 3.4 46.3 45.1 47.5 79.6 93.2 65.7 82.0 97.3 68.3 79.8 96.0 66.7 62.2 81.7 47.8 30.1 47.6 19.3 Rural M 56.6 0.5 3.8 58.6 97.3 98.7 98.4 93.3 64.7

BS 55.5 0.4 4.5 60.7 89.1 90.5 89.5 78.8 46.6

F 54.6 0.5 5.5 64.9 82.4 84.3 83.3 69.3 35.2

BS 56.7 0.5 4.8 63.7 91.2 92.4 91.4 81.6 49.1

F 56.7 0.5 5.9 68.6 85.7 87.7 86.5 72.9 37.8

(BS = Both Sexes, M = Males, F = Females)

29

The activity rates of both the urban and rural population initially increase with age. They reach a peak at ages 35-44 and decline in higher ages. In the older ages of 65 and above, more than 60 percent of men and little more than one-third among women are economically active. The economically inactive persons are primarily homemakers, dependents and other non-workers. Figure 2.6. Participation Rates by Sex, Cambodia
Participation Rate 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 8 12 20 30 40 AGE 50 60 70
Males Females

TOC

Figure 2.7. Participation Rates by Urban/Rural Residence, Cambodia

Participation Rate 100

80

60
Urban Rural

40

20

0 8 12 20 30 40 AGE 50 60 70

The percentage of economically active population among children (aged 7 to 14) is lower in urban areas than in rural areas probably due to the fact that the urban children may be attending school in greater number than in rural areas. The economic activity rate of elders aged 65 and more in the urban areas is much less than that in rural areas. Perhaps

30

the urban men choose to retire or stop working when becoming old whereas their counterparts in rural areas have to work hard in the farm to make a living. Women tend to commence and end their labour force participation earlier than men. Workers by Industrial Sector
TOC

Distribution of employed persons by industrial Sector (See Glossary) shows that more than three-quarters of them are in the primary sector (Table 2.16). The tertiary sector has absorbed a major portion of men and women workers in urban areas. In the primary sector, women outnumber men in general (55.0 percent). Table 2.16. Percentage Distribution of Employed Persons in each Industrial Sector by Sex and Urban-Rural Residence, Cambodia Sector Primary Secondary Tertiary Total BS 77.5 4.3 18.2 M 71.7 5.0 23.3 F 83.1 3.5 13.4 Urban BS M 33.7 28.7 11.4 13.3 54.9 58.0 F 40.1 9.0 50.9 Rural BS 84.6 3.1 12.3 M 79.8 3.5 16.7 F 88.9 2.7 8.4

BS = Both Sexes, M = Males, F = Females) 8. Migration

In the census, individual information was collected on birth place, previous residence, duration of stay in the place (village) of enumeration since moving from last residence and reason for migration from the previous residence. Population Born Outside the Place of Enumeration It has been observed from census tables (not published here) that people who have moved into place of enumeration from their place of birth (life time migrants) constitute 26.8 percent of the total enumerated population. The percentage of life time migrants to total population in urban areas (56.6) is more than that in rural areas (21.2). Migrants by Place of Last Residence In the census, a migrant was defined as one who had changed his/her residence from one place (village) to another. A little more than two-thirds of the population have never had a residence other than the place where they were enumerated (Table 2.17). This proportion is more in rural than in urban areas since the majority of population in urban areas are migrants.
Table 2.17. Percentage of Population who always lived in the place of enumeration, Cambodia Total / Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Both Sexes Males Females 68.5 67.5 69.5 41.1 41.3 40.9 73.7 72.5 74.7

The number of migrants who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 3,597,774 which is 31.5 percent of the country's population. Among these

31

migrants, males constitute 49.7 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (58.9 percent) is higher than that in rural areas (26.3 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province of enumeration (Table 2.18). Table 2.19 gives the Table 2.18. Distribution of Migrants by Previous percentage distribution of Residence, Cambodia migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A sizeable Previous Both proportion of migrants had Residence Sexes Males Females changed their residence Within the because of the reason "family province 58.8 59.6 58.0 moved". The proportion of From another female migrants is higher under province 35.3 34.6 36.1 this reason. The percentage of From outside migrants who have moved "In Cambodia 5.9 5.8 5.9 search of employment" and for "marriage" is higher among males. Table 2.19. Reason for Migration, Cambodia Reason for migration Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons Both Sexes 100 8.1 14.5 2.2 13.2 37.0 6.0 13.9 5.1 Males 100 12.9 17.8 3.1 17.0 26.3 5.7 12.7 4.5 Females 100 3.3 11.3 1.3 9.4 47.5 6.4 15.2 5.6

Figure 2.8. Reason for Migration, Cambodia 50

TOC

40
Percent

30 20 10 0
er sf o W rk pl e ac h rc p Em en m oy l

Males Females

t E

tio ca du

ria ar M

ge Fa ily m m

ed ov iti /I es

it y ur ec ns R

ep

ri at

io at

th O

er

a Tr

Se

am al

32

Migration Streams

TOC

It has been noticed from the Table 2.20. Percentage of Migrants in each Migration census tables (not published Stream to Total Internal Migrants, Cambodia here) that in the urban areas, Percentage to Internal Migrants out of 100 internal migrants (i.e. people who had previously Both Sexes Males Females resided in a place outside the Migration Stream Rural to Rural 64.2 64.8 63.7 place of enumeration within Rural to Urban 17.3 16.7 17.8 Cambodia) about 42 percent Urban to Rural 6.2 6.3 6.1 are from other urban areas and Urban to Urban 12.3 12.2 12.4 58 percent are from rural areas. Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 The percentage of migrants from other rural areas to total migrants in rural areas is about 86 percent. The remaining 14 percent have come from urban areas. Thus most of the migrants in urban areas as well as in rural areas are from other rural areas. Rural to rural migrants constitute a little short of two-thirds of total internal migrants in the country (Table 2.20). Rural to urban migrants constitute the next highest percentage, though not on the scale of rural to rural migrants.
Duration of Residence

More than 40 percent of the internal migrants (Table 2.21) had moved into the place of enumeration 10-19 years prior to March 1998 (the census date).
Table 2.21. Duration of Residence of Internal Migrants in the Place of Enumeration, Cambodia Total Duration of Residence Internal 10-19 Migrants <1 year 1-4 years 5-9 years years 100 10.7 24.0 15.8 42.2 100 12.6 26.8 19.9 38.5 100 9.9 22.8 14.1 43.8

Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

20+ years 7.3 2.2 9.4

Age of Migrants

A little more than 80 percent of the migrants are in the working ages 15-64 (Table 2.22). Children (age 0-14) constitute 14.7 percent of the migrants. It is found that among migrants aged 15 and more, about 71 percent of migrants of both sexes, 82 percent of male migrants and about 60 percent of female migrants are literates. The literacy levels of these migrants are higher than the general literacy rates as is to be expected.

33

Table 2.22. Distribution of Migrants by Age, Cambodia Percentage of Migrants Age Group Both Sexes Males Females

Total 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+
9. Urbanization

100 2.5 5.3 6.9 9.4 9.5 13.0 12.0 11.0 7.9 6.4 4.6 3.6 2.8 2.2 1.4 1.5
TOC

100 2.5 5.5 7.2 9.3 9.7 14.0 12.8 11.3 7.1 5.9 4.3 3.4 2.5 2.0 1.3 1.2

100 2.4 5.2 6.7 9.5 9.2 12.0 11.2 10.6 8.7 6.9 4.9 3.9 3.1 2.4 1.6 1.7

The percentage of urban population in Cambodia works out to 15.7 percent. In other words, the rural population is more than five times bigger than the urban population. About 84 percent of the people live in rural areas. It may be of interest to note that in the 1962 census, the urban population constituted 10.3 percent of the total population of Cambodia. At that time, Phnom Penh, three other Municipalities of Kaeb, Bokor and Sihanouk Ville and 14 urban centres in provinces were treated as urban and the rest of the country was treated as rural. Among the provinces which are not wholly urban, the percentage of urban population ranges from as low as 2.8 in Kampong Cham to 57.0 in Phnom Penh.
10. Household Amenities

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 2.23. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 29.0 percent of the households in the country have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 60.3 and 23.7 respectively. Among the provinces the percentage of households having access to safe drinking water varies from 3.2 percent in Otdar Mean Chey to about 85 percent in Phnom Penh. Only the following provinces provide this facility to more than 30 percent of households: Kandal (36.3), Kaoh Kong (36.4), Kracheh (32.8), Phnom Penh (85.4), Prey Veaeng (54.5) and Svay Rieng (48.2) (See Section 3).

34

Table 2.23. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Cambodia Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total 100 5.8 14.9 40.3 28.2 8.3 2.5 Urban 100 25.0 13.8 22.4 15.1 21.5 2.2 Rural 100 2.5 15.1 43.4 30.4 6.1 2.5
TOC

Figure 2.9. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Cambodia

Bought Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water Dug Well Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the country use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 2.24). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 15.1. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 53.6. In Phnom Penh, city power is more in use (75.5 percent). In Mondol Kiri, Preah Vihear, Rotanak Kiri and Steung Traeng, use of other sources of light (e.g. oil lamp) is also popular (See Section 3).
Table 2.24. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Cambodia Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Both City City Power and Other Power Generator Generator Kerosene Battery Sources 12.5 1.0 1.6 79.9 3.5 1.5 49.2 1.8 2.6 43.1 2.4 0.9 6.3 0.9 1.4 86.1 3.8 1.5

Total 100 100 100

Toilet Facility

35

Toilet facility within premises is available to Table 2.25. Households with Toilet only a small proportion of households in the Facility, Cambodia country (Table 2.25). In the urban areas, the position is better since nearly half the number Total /Urban / Percentage of households has this facility. Among the Rural Total 14.5 provinces, the percentage of households 49.0 having this facility varies from two percent in Urban Rural 8.6 Otdar Mean Chey to about 75 percent in Phnom Penh. Barring Krong Pailin (19.8 percent), Bat Dambang (19.9 percent), Krong Preah Sihanouk (25.2 percent) and Phnom Penh (74.9 percent) the other provinces are having this facility in less than 15 percent of households. This calls for necessary steps to provide this facility to all.
Fuel for Cooking
TOC

Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking while a small percentage use charcoal (Table 2.26). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas. Charcoal is used by a majority of households in Krong Pailin (56.5 percent). It is also a popular cooking fuel next to kerosene in Kaoh Kong (24.2 percent), Phnom Penh (34.4 percent) and Krong Preah Sihanouk (27.3 percent).
Table 2.26. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Cambodia Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.7 9.1 0.5

Total 100 100 100

Firewood 90.0 64.9 94.3

Charcoal 5.3 22.5 2.3

Kerosene 1.8 2.8 1.7

Others 1.2 0.7 1.2

36

TOC

GLOSSARY
Adult Literacy Rate

Percentage of literate population aged 15 and more to total population aged 15 and more in a given area.
Age Dependency Ratio

Percentage of the population in the younger (0-14) and older age groups (65+), to the population in the age group 15-64.
Annual Exponential Growth Rate

loge Pt loge Po r= t Pt = Poert Where, Po is the population at the base year, Pt is the population at the year 't' and 't' is the number of years between Po and Pt. Here the compounding with the rate of growth 'r' is done on a continuous basis.
Average Household Size

This is the average number of persons in normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional and homeless households and households of boat and transient population).
Density of Population

It is the number of persons per square kilometer (km2) of a given area. For calculating density of population at province level, area figures obtained by the Ministry of Interior are used. For the maps on population density by district in Section 3, the area figures of districts provided by the Department of Geography are used.
Economic Activity Rate

Percentage of economically active population to total population aged 7 and above.

Economically Active Population (or labor force)

This refers to employed and unemployed population among those aged 7 and more. A person was categorized in the census as employed or unemployed based on his/her main activity during the year preceding the census. Main activity is defined as the activity during 6 months (183 days) or more during that year.

37

Educational Level

Educational level refers to completed level. The classification of educational level adopted is shown below along with the corresponding grades completed within brackets: Primary Not Completed (1 to 5), Primary (6 to 8), Lower Secondary (9 to 11), Secondary School/Diploma (12 to 13), Undergraduate (14), Graduate/Degree Holder (15) and Post Graduate (16).
Head of Household

Head of household for census purposes is a person who is recognized as such in a household. He or she is generally the person who bears the chief responsibility for the management of the household and takes decisions on behalf of the household. Head of the household is not necessarily the eldest male member, but may be a female member or a younger member of either sex.
Household

A household is a group of persons who commonly live together and would take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so.
Household Type

The different types of household for the census purposes are: 1. Normal or regular household 2. Institutional household (i.e. household of unrelated persons like boarding houses, hostels, residential hotels, jails, pagodas etc.), 3. Homeless households (i.e. households who do not live in a building, like those who live in open space, road-side, park, pavements etc.), 4. Households of boat population or persons living in boats which are on the move and 5. Households of transient population i.e. those who stayed on census night in airports, railway stations, bus terminals, harbors, ships etc. or nomadic population who camped in a village site on census night.
Industrial Sector

Industry (or branch of economic activity) refers to the activity of the establishment or enterprise in which the individual works. Industries are grouped according to following sectors:
Primary Sector

Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry; Fishing.

Secondary Sector

Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity; Gas and Water supply; Construction.

38

Tertiary Sector

Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods; Hotels and restaurants; Transport, storage and communication; Financial intermediation; Real estate, renting and business activities; Public administration and defence; compulsory social security; Education; Health and social work; Other community, social and personal service activities; Private households with employed persons; Extraterritorial organizations and bodies.
Literacy

Ability to read and write with understanding in any language. By definition all children of the age of 6 years or less are treated as illiterate. Hence general literacy rate is calculated as the percentage of literate persons in total population excluding children aged 0 to 6.
Migrants

Those who had their previous residence outside the place (village) of enumeration.
Myers Index

This is a measure of heaping on individual ages or terminal digits. The tendency of enumerators or respondents to report certain ages at the expense of others is called age heaping, age preference or digit preference (e.g. ages ending in 0 or 5). The theoretical range of Myers index extends from the minimum of 0, when there is neither preference nor avoidance of any particular digit at all, to the maximum of 90 when all ages are reported in a single terminal digit. For the method of calculation of Myers index please refer to The Methods and Materials of Demography by Henry S. Shryock, Jacob S. Siegel and Associates. Academic Press, Inc. New York.
Natural Regions

The Natural Regions and the provinces falling in each of them are given below:
Plain: Tonle Sap:

Coastal: Plateau and Mountain:

Phnom Penh, Kandal, Kampong Cham, Svay Rieng, Prey Veaeng and Takaev. Kampong Thum, Siem Reab, Bat Dambang, Pousat, Kampong Chhnang, Banteay Mean Chey, Otdar Mean Chey and Krong Pailin. Krong Preah Sihanouk, Kampot, Krong Kaeb and Kaoh Kong. Kampong Spueu, Stueng Traeng, Rotanak Kiri, Mondol Kiri, Kracheh and Preah Vihear.

Sex Ratio

Number of males per 100 females in a population.

39

Singulate Mean Age at First Marriage (SMAM)

This is an indirect method to estimate mean age at first marriage. This is applied for calculating age at marriage. In short, this method is used to approximate the mean number of years lived by an assumed cohort of women before their first marriage on the basis of the data as the percentage never-married or single by age.
Urban and Rural

In all provinces, districts containing provincial headquarter towns are treated as urban areas. Krong Preah Sihanouk, Krong Kaeb and Krong Pailin are treated as entirely urban. In Phnom Penh municipality, the four districts or khands of Doun Penh, Chamkar Mon, Prampir Meakkakra and Tuol Kouk are classified as urban. All the remaining areas in the country are treated as rural.

40

TOC

SECTION 3

CENSUS TABLES

41

TOC

CAMBODIA
Table A. Final Population Totals, Cambodia - Total, 1998
Total Number of Households 111,856 148,356 312,841 82,638 115,728 106,908 104,993 206,189 24,964 49,326 5,657 173,678 21,491 194,185 68,235 16,758 127,215 28,015 14,323 98,244 155,030 12,531 5,369 4,133 2,188,663 Population Both Sexes 577,772 793,129 1,608,914 417,693 598,882 569,060 528,405 1,075,125 132,106 263,175 32,407 999,804 119,261 946,042 360,445 94,243 696,164 155,690 81,074 478,252 790,168 68,279 28,660 22,906 11,437,656 Males 283,358 388,599 775,796 197,691 287,392 272,844 253,085 515,996 67,700 130,254 16,380 481,911 59,333 445,140 172,890 46,396 336,685 76,940 40,124 225,105 376,911 34,472 14,014 12,392 5,511,408 Females 294,414 404,530 833,118 220,002 311,490 296,216 275,320 559,129 64,406 132,921 16,027 517,893 59,928 500,902 187,555 47,847 359,479 78,750 40,950 253,147 413,257 33,807 14,646 10,514 5,926,248 Sex Ratio 96.2 96.1 93.1 89.9 92.3 92.1 91.9 92.3 105.1 98.0 102.2 93.1 99.0 88.9 92.2 97.0 93.7 97.7 98.0 88.9 91.2 102.0 95.7 117.9 93.0 Average Household Size (*) 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.5 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.6 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2

Code 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Province Banteay Mean Chey Bat Dambang Kampong Cham Kampong Chhnang Kampong Spueu Kampong Thum Kampot Kandal Kaoh Kong Kracheh Mondol Kiri Phnom Penh Preah Vihear Prey Veaeng Pousat Rotanak Kiri Siem Reab Krong Preah Sihanouk Stueng Traeng Svay Rieng Takaev Otdar Mean Chey Krong Kaeb Krong Pailin Cambodia - Total

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

42

TOC

Table B. Final Population Totals, Cambodia - Urban, 1998

Total Number of Households 18,374 25,584 8,236 7,692 7,552 12,295 6,060 10,266 5,400 14,791 1,276 97,296 4,133 10,918 10,856 3,193 20,985 28,015 4,426 4,112 7,257 4,027 5,369 4,133 322,246 Population Both Sexes 98,848 139,964 45,354 41,703 41,478 66,014 33,126 58,264 29,329 79,123 7,032 570,155 21,580 55,054 57,523 16,999 119,528 155,690 24,493 21,205 39,186 22,361 28,660 22,906 1,795,575 Males 48,056 67,607 22,089 20,133 20,316 32,047 15,915 28,701 15,194 39,235 3,589 277,235 10,719 26,271 27,385 8,577 58,551 76,940 12,321 10,235 19,013 11,651 14,014 12,392 878,186 Females 50,792 72,357 23,265 21,570 21,162 33,967 17,211 29,563 14,135 39,888 3,443 292,920 10,861 28,783 30,138 8,422 60,977 78,750 12,172 10,970 20,173 10,710 14,646 10,514 917,389 Sex Ratio 94.6 93.4 94.9 93.3 96.0 94.3 92.5 97.1 107.5 98.4 104.2 94.6 98.7 91.3 90.9 101.8 96.0 97.7 101.2 93.3 94.2 108.8 95.7 117.9 95.7 Average Household Size (*) 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.8 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.5

Code 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Province Banteay Mean Chey Bat Dambang Kampong Cham Kampong Chhnang Kampong Spueu Kampong Thum Kampot Kandal Kaoh Kong Kracheh Mondol Kiri Phnom Penh Preah Vihear Prey Veaeng Pousat Rotanak Kiri Siem Reab Krong Preah Sihanouk Stueng Traeng Svay Rieng Takaev Otdar Mean Chey Krong Kaeb Krong Pailin Cambodia - Urban

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

43

TOC

Table C. Final Population Totals, Cambodia - Rural, 1998

Total Number of Households 93,482 122,772 304,605 74,946 108,176 94,613 98,933 195,923 19,564 34,535 4,381 76,382 17,358 183,267 57,379 13,565 106,230 9,897 94,132 147,773 8,504 1,866,417 Population Both Sexes 478,924 653,165 1,563,560 375,990 557,404 503,046 495,279 1,016,861 102,777 184,052 25,375 429,649 97,681 890,988 302,922 77,244 576,636 56,581 457,047 750,982 45,918 9,642,081 Males 235,302 320,992 753,707 177,558 267,076 240,797 237,170 487,295 52,506 91,019 12,791 204,676 48,614 418,869 145,505 37,819 278,134 27,803 214,870 357,898 22,821 4,633,222 Females 243,622 332,173 809,853 198,432 290,328 262,249 258,109 529,566 50,271 93,033 12,584 224,973 49,067 472,119 157,417 39,425 298,502 28,778 242,177 393,084 23,097 5,008,859 Sex Ratio 96.6 96.6 93.1 89.5 92.0 91.8 91.9 92.0 104.4 97.8 101.6 91.0 99.1 88.7 92.4 95.9 93.2 96.6 88.7 91.0 98.8 92.5 Average Household Size (*) 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.6 4.8 5.2 5.7 5.4 5.7 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.1

Code 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Province Banteay Mean Chey Bat Dambang Kampong Cham Kampong Chhnang Kampong Spueu Kampong Thum Kampot Kandal Kaoh Kong Kracheh Mondol Kiri Phnom Penh Preah Vihear Prey Veaeng Pousat Rotanak Kiri Siem Reab Krong Preah Sihanouk Stueng Traeng Svay Rieng Takaev Otdar Mean Chey Krong Kaeb Krong Pailin Cambodia - Rural

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

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PROVINCES / MUNICIPALITIES

Notes: (i). The Tables of each province are preceded by a brief analytical note relating to the population and some indicators relating to the province concerned. (ii). In the Table, the province is mentioned in the first line with shading (e.g. 01 Banteay Mean Chey). The district is mentioned in bold (e.g. 02 Mongkol Borei). The communes are mentioned in normal type (e.g. 02 Bat Trang). (iii). The urban district is marked by (U). (iv). The geographic codes adopted for the census are those used by the Geographic Department. The coding scheme originated during the UNTAC period. Since its inception, changes in the administrative division have taken place, e.g. new areas (provinces, districts and communes) have been formed, while others have been merged with existing areas. As a result of these changes, the coding scheme is no longer sequential. For example, in Province 01 Banteay Mean Chey, the first district of Mongkol Borei bears code 02, in province 17 Siem Reab, the district 05 and 08 were transferred to form part of a new province. The geographic codes therefore may have breaks and should not be confused with serial numbers.
(v).

Also the area-names used by the census are in conformity with the spelling adopted by the Geographic Department.

45

Province 01 Banteay Mean Chey

46

BANTEAY MEAN CHEY PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province01

Situated on the Thailand border in the north-west and forming part of the Tonle Sap region, Banteay Mean Chey province has a population of 577,772, comprising 283,358 males and 294,414 females. The percentage of female population is about 51. The province consists of 8 districts, 63 communes and 604 villages. The population of this province constitutes 5.1 percent of Cambodia's population. Due to conflict, census enumeration could not be conducted in Ou Bei Choan village of Ou Chrov district. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Population by District, Banteay Mean Chey

02 Mongkol Borei 03 Phnum Srok 04 Preah Netr Preah 05 Ou Chrov 06 Serei Saophoan 07 Thma Puok 08 Svay Chek 09 Malai 22,724 53,536 47,960 45,251 70,673 100,590 98,848

138,190

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Density of population in the province is 87 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts. (ii) Urban population

The district of Serei Saophoan constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 17.1, which is slightly higher than the national average of 15.7.

47

160,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Banteay Mean Chey

Province01

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 110,994 comprising a population of 569,361 which gives an average household size of 5.1.
(ii) Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 21.6 and 78.4 respectively. About 60 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 40.
III. (i) AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.3 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (42.5 percent) is less than that of male children (46.3 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 53.1 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 2.5 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 48.2 percent.

48

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Banteay Mean Chey

Province01

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.6 2.0 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.3 5.5 7.7 8.2 6.8 6.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.6 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.5 5.5 7.3 7.8

Males

Females

10
25

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

2
10 15

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 96.2, Urban: 94.6, Rural: 96.6. The sex ratio is marginally higher in rural areas.
(iii) Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 88.2 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.
(iv) Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Banteay Mean Chey As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never married) Married and married categories 28.0 63.7 6.0 2.0 0.3 among males are more Both sexes than the corresponding 31.9 65.7 1.5 0.8 0.1 proportions among Males Females 24.4 61.9 10.1 3.2 0.4 females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas, as is to be expected.
49

Table 2. Literate Population and Literacy Rates, Banteay Mean Chey Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province01

Sex

Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage Aged 7 + Population Literate 462,535 295,197 63.8 80,308 56,789 70.7 382,227 238,408 62.4 224,588 162,798 72.5 38,608 30,404 78.8 185,980 132, 394 71.2 237,947 132,399 55.6 41,700 26,385 63.3 196,247 106,014 54.0

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that 69.9 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 19.5 percent and 7.3 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.6) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.6 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 76.0 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 64.9.
V. ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 255,945 of which 126,124 or 49.3 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).
Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Banteay Mean Chey Total/ Urban/ Rural Economic Activity Rate Unemployment Rate

Total Urban Rural

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 55.2 57.7 52.9 8.0 6.3 9.7 52.3 54.7 50.0 13.1 8.0 18.3 55.9 58.3 53.5 7.0 6.0 8.0

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 75.3 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 3.1percent and 21.6 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (52.0 percent) outnumber men.
VI. Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 192,714 which is 33.4 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 51.4 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (41.9

50

percent) is higher than that in rural areas (31.6 percent). Most of the migrants have moved Province01 within the province (Table 4). Table 5 gives the percentage Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, Banteay Mean Chey distribution of migrants by reason for migration and sex. Percentage of migrants A sizeable proportion of Both Males Females migrants had changed their Previous Residence Sexes residence because of the Within the province 50.5 51.5 49.5 reason "family moved". The From another province 36.1 35.6 36.6 proportion of female migrants From outside Cambodia 13.4 12.9 13.9 is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving "in search of employment" is higher among males.
Table 5. Reason for Migration, Banteay Mean Chey Reason for migration Both Sexes Males Females

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

100 7.2 15.6 1.5 9.5 41.1 7.6 13.6 3.9

100 11.4 19.1 2.0 11.7 31.6 7.4 13.3 3.5

100 2.7 11.9 0.9 7.1 51.1 8.0 14.0 4.3

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Banteay Mean Chey

60 50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
W er k or pl e ac h rc pl Em en m oy t Ed a uc n ge ily m Fa m ed ov /In es it i am s ity ur ec R n er

Males Females

tio

ria ar M

ep

a tri

tio

th O

a Tr

f ns

Se

al

51

VII.

Household Amenities

Province01

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 19.2 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 44.4 and 14.2 respectively.
Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Banteay Mean Chey Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total 100 1.1 11.4 26.5 44.0 6.7 10.3 Urban Rural 100 100 1.9 1.0 29.4 7.8 21.8 27.4 24.2 47.9 13.1 5.4 9.6 10.5

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Banteay Mean Chey

Dug Well

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water

Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 12. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 28.8.

52

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Banteay Mean Chey

Province01

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

City Power

Generator

100 100 100

8.2 23.8 5.1

Both City Kerosene Battery Other Power and Sources Generator 1.1 2.7 84.6 2.9 0.5 1.3 3.7 68.6 2.4 0.2 1.1 2.6 87.8 2.9 0.5

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Banteay Mean Chey Toilet facility within premises is available only Total / to one in ten households in the province (Table Urban / Percentage 8). In the urban areas the position is slightly Rural better. Total 10.4 Fuel for Cooking

Urban Rural

27.2 7.1

About 91 percent of households use firewood as main fuel for cooking while about eight percent use charcoal (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas.
Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Banteay Mean Chey
Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 0.5 0.9 0.4 Others

100 100 100

90.6 83.9 92.0

7.6 14.4 6.3

1.0 0.6 1.1

0.3 0.2 0.2

53

Province01

Table P-01. Final Population Totals, Banteay Mean Chey Province, 1998
Province/ District/ Commune Banteay Mean Chey - Total - Urban - Rural Mongkol Borei Banteay Neang Bat Trang Chamnaom Kouk Ballangk Koy Maeng Ou Prasat Phnum Touch Rohat Tuek Ruessei Kraok Sambuor Soea Srah Reang Ta Lam Phnum Srok Nam Tau Paoy Char Ponley Spean Sraeng Srah Chik Phnum Dei Preah Netr Preah Chhnuor Mean Chey Chob Veari Phnum Lieb Prasat Preah Netr Preah Rohal Tean Kam Tuek Chour Ou Chrov Changha Koub Kuttasat Nimitt Samraong Souphi Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 01

111,856 18,374 93,482 25,754 3,186 1,178 2,775 1,045 1,125 2,467 1,878 1,859 4,352 1,141 2,287 1,178 1,283 8,675 1,720 1,509 1,984 642 1,400 1,420 13,232 1,100 2,014 2,460 1,098 2,266 1,478 658 2,158 20,499 1,245 1,570 988 3,635 1,303 758

577,772 98,848 478,924 138,190 17,618 6,211 14,920 5,513 5,915 13,291 10,001 10,132 23,900 5,745 12,152 6,012 6,780 45,251 9,230 7,879 10,419 3,251 6,976 7,496 70,673 5,950 10,665 13,574 5,574 12,521 7,643 3,300 11,446 100,590 5,679 8,887 5,468 19,113 6,412 3,633

283,358 48,056 235,302 67,821 8,703 3,019 7,368 2,714 2,970 6,524 4,916 4,904 11,731 2,810 5,980 2,891 3,291 21,768 4,452 3,751 5,065 1,537 3,380 3,583 33,944 2,929 5,122 6,510 2,622 5,988 3,737 1,593 5,443 49,990 2,727 4,664 2,731 9,546 3,140 1,731

294,414 50,792 243,622 70,369 8,915 3,192 7,552 2,799 2,945 6,767 5,085 5,228 12,169 2,935 6,172 3,121 3,489 23,483 4,778 4,128 5,354 1,714 3,596 3,913 36,729 3,021 5,543 7,064 2,952 6,533 3,906 1,707 6,003 50,600 2,952 4,223 2,737 9,567 3,272 1,902

96.2 94.6 96.6 96.4 97.6 94.6 97.6 97.0 100.8 96.4 96.7 93.8 96.4 95.7 96.9 92.6 94.3 92.7 93.2 90.9 94.6 89.7 94.0 91.6 92.4 97.0 92.4 92.2 88.8 91.7 95.7 93.3 90.7 98.8 92.4 110.4 99.8 99.8 96.0 91.0

5.1 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.3 4.9 4.6 5.5 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.8

02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 05 01 02 03 04 05 06

54

Province01

Table P-01. Final Population Totals, Banteay Mean Chey Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Soengh Paoy Paet Serei Saophoan (U) Bos Sbov Kampong Svay Kaoh Pong Satv Mkak Ou Ambel Phniet Preah Ponlea Tuek Thla Thma Puok Banteay Chhmar Kouk Romiet Phum Thmei Thma Puok Kouk Kakthen Kumru Svay Chek Phkoam Sarongk Sla Kram Svay Chek Ta Baen Ta Phou Treas Roluos Malai Tuol Pongro Ou Sampoar Ou Sralau Malai Boeng Beng Ta Kong Total Number of Households 1,756 9,244 18,374 2,200 4,907 715 1,358 3,379 783 2,754 2,278 10,860 1,869 3,187 1,478 1,750 1,225 1,351 10,079 1,631 879 1,585 1,175 672 1,523 1,968 646 4,383 698 550 546 1,260 633 696 Population Both Sexes 8,032 43,366 98,848 10,639 27,019 3,742 6,659 18,736 3,853 15,727 12,473 53,536 9,433 15,309 7,363 8,599 6,231 6,601 47,960 8,270 4,406 7,390 5,583 3,258 6,984 8,884 3,185 22,724 3,448 2,973 2,961 6,667 3,327 3,348 Males 3,894 21,557 48,056 5,200 13,147 1,840 3,234 9,212 1,838 7,602 5,983 26,591 4,701 7,688 3,581 4,395 2,972 3,254 23,491 4,085 2,131 3,525 2,882 1,590 3,405 4,305 1,568 11,697 1,801 1,508 1,536 3,420 1,726 1,706 Females 4,138 21,809 50,792 5,439 13,872 1,902 3,425 9,524 2,015 8,125 6,490 26,945 4,732 7,621 3,782 4,204 3,259 3,347 24,469 4,185 2,275 3,865 2,701 1,668 3,579 4,579 1,617 11,027 1,647 1,465 1,425 3,247 1,601 1,642 Sex Ratio 94.1 98.8 94.6 95.6 94.8 96.7 94.4 96.7 91.2 93.6 92.2 98.7 99.3 100.9 94.7 104.5 91.2 97.2 96.0 97.6 93.7 91.2 106.7 95.3 95.1 94.0 97.0 106.1 109.4 102.9 107.8 105.3 107.8 103.9 Average Household Size (*) 4.6 4.7 5.3 4.8 5.5 5.2 4.9 5.5 4.9 5.6 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.7 5.0 4.7 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.8

Code 07 08 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 08 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 01 02 03 04 05 06

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

55

Province 02 Bat Dambang

56

BAT DAMBANG PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province02

Bat Dambang province located in the north-west bordering Thailand has a population of 793,129, comprising 388,599 males and 404,530 females. The percentage of female population is 51. The province consists of 12 districts, 89 communes and 611 villages. The population of this province constitutes 6.9 percent of Cambodia's population. Due to conflict, census enumeration could not be conducted in the whole district of Samlout. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Population by District, Bat Dambang

01 Banan 02 Bat Dambang 03 Svay Pao 04 Bavel 05 Aek Phnum 06 Moung Ruessei 07 Rotonak Mondol 08 Sangkae 10 Sampov Lun 11 Phnum Proek 12 Kamrieng 12,518 15,355 14,215 23,919

85,277 116,793 139,964 79,035 65,408 134,378

106,267

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Density of population in the province is 68 per km2 which is slightly higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.
(ii) Urban population

The district of Svay Pao constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 17.6, which is higher than the national average of 15.7.

57

160,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Bat Dambang

Province02

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 146,661 comprising a population of 773,048 which gives an average household size of 5.3.
(ii) Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 29.0 and 71.0 respectively. About 61 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 48.0.
III. (i) AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.4 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (42.4 percent) is less than that of male children (46.4 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 52.5 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.2 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 48.1 percent.

58

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Bat Dambang

Province02

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 3.0 3.4 3.5 2.8

5.8 7.8 8.3 6.6 10

25

0.2 0.3 0.5 Females 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.3 3.5 3.7 2.9 5.7 7.4 7.9 6.3 2
10 15

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 96.1, Urban: 93.4, Rural: 96.6. The sex ratio is marginally higher in rural areas.
(iii) Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 90.6 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.
(iv) Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Bat Dambang As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 30.3 60.5 6.4 2.4 0.4 categories among Males 34.2 63.1 1.6 0.9 0.2 males are more than 26.8 58.2 10.8 3.7 0.5 the corresponding Females proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas.

59

Table 2. Literate Population and Literacy Rates, Bat Dambang Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province02

Sex

Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + Population Literate 635,437 412,904 65.0 117,489 93,098 79.2 517,948 319,806 61.7 307,626 222,669 72.4 56,114 47,949 85.5 251,512 174,720 69.5 327,811 190,235 58.0 61,375 45,149 73.6 266,436 145,086 54.5

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that 63.4 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 23.1 percent and 9.0 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.6) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 2.7 percent. Only 0.2 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 68.0 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 59.5.
V. ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 323,359 of which 154,273 or 47.7 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).
Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Bat Dambang Total/ Urban/ Rural Economic Activity Rate Unemployment Rate

Total Urban Rural

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 50.7 54.7 46.9 8.0 6.8 9.3 45.4 51.1 40.3 11.6 8.6 15.0 51.9 55.5 48.5 7.2 6.4 8.2

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 71.0 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 4.1 percent and 24.9 percent respectively. In the primary sector, the percentage of women (51 percent) is higher.

60

VI.

Migration

Province02

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 312,350 which is 39.4 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 49.7 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (55.1 percent) is higher than that in rural areas (36.0 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4). Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Table 5 gives the Residence, Bat Dambang percentage distribution of migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A Previous Residence Both Males Females sizeable proportion of Sexes migrants had changed Within the province 65.9 66.1 65.7 their residence because of From another province 22.1 22.4 21.7 the reason "family From outside Cambodia 12.0 11.5 12.6 moved". The proportion of female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving due to "transfer of work place" is higher among males.
Table 5. Reason for Migration, Bat Dambang. Reason for migration Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons Both Sexes Males Females 100 100 100 9.9 15.9 3.9 9.1 11.2 7.0 1.3 1.9 0.7 8.0 9.4 6.6 38.2 29.6 46.8 15.2 14.6 15.8 12.7 12.3 13.1 5.6 5.1 6.1

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Bat Dambang

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
or rW fe ns k pl e ac h rc pl Em m oy

Males Females

t en Ed

a uc

tio

n M

ria ar

ge ily m Fa

ed ov m es it i m a

s /In

ity ur ec R

ep

ria at

tio

th O

er

a Tr

a Se

al

61

VII.

Household Amenities

Province02

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 21.7 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 57.0 and 14.2 respectively.
Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Bat Dambang Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total

100 4.1 7.8 37.8 39.1 9.8 1.4

Urban Rural 100 100 17.5 1.3 4.9 8.4 22.3 41.0 20.1 43.1 34.6 4.5 0.6 1.7

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Bat Dambang

Bought

Dug Well

Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water

Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 13.9. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 45.9.

62

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Bat Dambang Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total City Power Generator Both City Kerosene Battery Other Power and Sources Generator 1.4 2.5 83.2 2.7 0.2 2.8 6.6 48.6 5.0 0.5 1.1 1.7 90.4 2.2 0.1
Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Bat Dambang

100 100 100

10.0 36.5 4.5

Toilet Facility

Province02

Toilet facility within premises is available to about one in every five households in the province (Table 8). In the urban areas the position is by far better.
Fuel for Cooking

Total / Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural

Percentage

19.9 56.2 12.2

Firewood is used by most of the households as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas.
Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main T ype of Fuel for Cooking, Bat Dambang Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Others Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.6 0.6 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.6 1.8 0.4 1.0

100 100 100

92.4 85.9 93.8

4.4 11.1 3.0

63

Province02

Table P-02. Final Population Totals, Bat Dambang Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Code Commune 02 Bat Dambang - Total - Urban - Rural Banan Kantueu Muoy Kantueu Pir Bay Damram Chheu Teal Chaeng Mean Chey Phnum Sampov Snoeng Ta Kream Bat Dambang Ta Pung Ta Meun Ou Ta Ki Chrey Anlong Run Chrouy Sdau Boeng Pring Kouk Khmum Bansay Traeng Rung Chrey Svay Pao (U) Tuol Ta Aek Preaek Preah Sdach Rotanak Chamkar Samraong Sla Kaet Kdol Doun Teav Ou Mal Voat Kor Ou Char Svay Pao Bavel Bavel Khnach Romeas Lvea Prey Khpos Ampil Pram Daeum Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

148,356 25,584 122,772 16,404 820 1,159 1,299 3,020 1,114 2,825 2,873 3,294 21,615 2,509 2,771 3,052 2,567 882 1,827 1,735 2,215 1,932 2,125 25,584 3,049 2,652 2,786 3,163 1,365 1,578 1,940 2,875 2,797 3,379 14,849 5,372 2,105 2,361 2,049 1,121

793,129 139,964 653,165 85,277 4,051 5,757 6,320 15,642 5,880 14,891 14,889 17,847 116,793 13,705 14,959 15,761 13,523 4,714 9,864 9,757 12,092 10,427 11,991 139,964 16,443 14,609 15,684 17,444 7,241 8,001 9,710 14,982 15,376 20,474 79,035 28,530 11,722 12,248 10,991 6,060

388,599 67,607 320,992 41,530 2,026 2,870 3,046 7,372 3,063 7,065 7,331 8,757 56,816 6,706 7,131 7,644 6,564 2,361 4,714 4,733 5,930 5,111 5,922 67,607 7,781 6,943 7,788 8,371 3,447 3,738 4,628 7,241 7,490 10,180 39,751 14,213 5,803 6,042 5,302 3,257

404,530 72,357 332,173 43,747 2,025 2,887 3,274 8,270 2,817 7,826 7,558 9,090 59,977 6,999 7,828 8,117 6,959 2,353 5,150 5,024 6,162 5,316 6,069 72,357 8,662 7,666 7,896 9,073 3,794 4,263 5,082 7,741 7,886 10,294 39,284 14,317 5,919 6,206 5,689 2,803

96.1 93.4 96.6 94.9 100.0 99.4 93.0 89.1 108.7 90.3 97.0 96.3 94.7 95.8 91.1 94.2 94.3 100.3 91.5 94.2 96.2 96.1 97.6 93.4 89.8 90.6 98.6 92.3 90.9 87.7 91.1 93.5 95.0 98.9 101.2 99.3 98.0 97.4 93.2 116.2

5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.2

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 04 01 02 03 04 05

64

Province02

Table P-02. Final Population Totals, Bat Dambang Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Kdol Aek Phnum Preaek Norint Samraong Knong Preaek Khpob Preaek Luong Peam Aek Prey Chas Kaoh Chiveang Moung Ruessei Moung Ruessei Kear Prey Svay Ruessei Krang Chrey Ta Loas Kakaoh Prey Touch Robas Mongkol Thipakdei Preaek Chik Prey Tralach Rotonak Mondol Sdau Andaeuk Haeb Phlov Meas Traeng Sangkae Anlong Vil Norea Ta Pon Roka Kampong Preah Kampong Pring Reang Kesei Ou Dambang Muoy Ou Dambang Pir Voat Ta Muem Total Number of Households 1,841 12,494 2,307 2,174 1,554 1,553 2,392 732 1,782 25,588 2,591 2,875 2,571 2,559 2,204 1,629 2,261 1,762 1,938 2,445 1,120 1,633 4,794 1,854 885 763 1,292 19,837 3,021 929 2,249 1,473 1,589 1,737 1,429 2,520 2,222 2,668 Population Both Sexes 9,484 65,408 12,080 10,982 7,221 7,933 12,449 4,365 10,378 134,378 13,823 15,345 13,445 13,945 11,633 8,341 11,466 9,572 10,264 11,802 6,071 8,671 23,919 9,072 4,130 4,358 6,359 106,267 15,986 5,004 11,948 7,755 8,687 9,108 7,556 13,989 11,595 14,639 Males 5,134 31,584 5,789 5,217 3,378 3,784 5,931 2,206 5,279 65,356 6,709 7,367 6,450 6,759 5,522 3,945 5,563 4,629 4,952 6,014 3,155 4,291 12,157 4,581 2,001 2,460 3,115 51,269 7,714 2,428 5,813 3,765 4,202 4,485 3,686 6,653 5,559 6,964 Females 4,350 33,824 6,291 5,765 3,843 4,149 6,518 2,159 5,099 69,022 7,114 7,978 6,995 7,186 6,111 4,396 5,903 4,943 5,312 5,788 2,916 4,380 11,762 4,491 2,129 1,898 3,244 54,998 8,272 2,576 6,135 3,990 4,485 4,623 3,870 7,336 6,036 7,675 Sex Ratio 118.0 93.4 92.0 90.5 87.9 91.2 91.0 102.2 103.5 94.7 94.3 92.3 92.2 94.1 90.4 89.7 94.2 93.6 93.2 103.9 108.2 98.0 103.4 102.0 94.0 129.6 96.0 93.2 93.3 94.3 94.8 94.4 93.7 97.0 95.2 90.7 92.1 90.7 Average Household Size (*) 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.0 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.6 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.2 4.8 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.7 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.5

Code 06 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 07 01 02 03 04 08 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

65

Province02

Table P-02. Final Population Totals, Bat Dambang Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Sampov Lun Sampov Lun Angkor Ban Ta Sda Santepheap Serei Mean Chey Chrey Sema Phnum Proek Phnum Proek Pech Chenda Chak Krey Barang Thleak Ou Rumduol Kamrieng Kamrieng Beung Reang Ou Da Trang Ta Saen Total Number of Households 1,940 279 238 347 371 268 437 2,751 785 348 519 685 414 2,500 490 560 473 687 290 Population Both Sexes 12,518 2,241 1,486 1,985 2,434 1,832 2,540 15,355 4,343 1,892 3,026 4,048 2,046 14,215 2,759 2,937 2,866 4,052 1,601 Males 7,274 1,479 831 1,054 1,408 1,091 1,411 7,894 2,198 1,016 1,566 2,051 1,063 7,361 1,443 1,474 1,477 2,139 828 Females 5,244 762 655 931 1,026 741 1,129 7,461 2,145 876 1,460 1,997 983 6,854 1,316 1,463 1,389 1,913 773 Sex Ratio 138.7 194.1 126.9 113.2 137.2 147.2 125.0 105.8 102.5 116.0 107.3 102.7 108.1 107.4 109.7 100.8 106.3 111.8 107.1 Average Household Size (*) 5.8 5.8 6.2 5.6 6.1 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.8 5.9 4.9 5.7 5.6 5.3 6.1 5.8 5.5

Code 10 01 02 03 04 05 06 11 01 02 03 04 05 12 01 02 03 04 05

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

66

Province 03 Kampong Cham

67

KAMPONG CHAM PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province03

Located in the plain region bordering Viet Nam in the south, Kampong Cham is the biggest province with a population of 1,608,914, comprising 775,796 males and 833,118 females. The percentage of female population is 51.8. The province consists of 16 districts, 173 communes and 1,748 villages. The population of this province constitutes 14.1 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Population by District, Kampong Cham

01 Batheay 02 Chamkar Leu 03 Cheung Prey 04 Dambae 05 Kampong Cham 06 Kampong Siem 07 Kang Meas 08 Kaoh Soutin 09 Krouch Chhmar 10 Memot 11 Ou Reang Ov 12 Ponhea Kraek 13 Prey Chhor 14 Srei Santhor 15 Stueng Trang 16 Tboung Khmum 51,650 45,354

90,920 125,862 74,859

99,056 91,212 70,672 99,695 111,296 82,806 123,879 127,683 91,765 107,425 214,780

200,000

Density of population in the province is 164 per km2 which is much higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.
(ii) Urban population

The district (Kampong Cham) named after the province constitutes the urban portion. The percentage of urban population in the province is 2.8, which is the lowest among all provinces.

68

100,000

150,000

250,000

50,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Kampong Cham

Province03

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 311,151 comprising a population of 1,591,973 which gives an average household size of 5.1.
(ii) Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 21.7 and 78.3 respectively. About 65.3 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 45.5.
III. (i) AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 42.1 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (39.6 percent) is less than that of male children (44.7 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 53.7 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 4.2 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 50.5 percent.

69

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Kampong Cham

Province03

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.6 2.7 3.1 3.7 3.4

5.8 7.4 7.8 6.4 10 8 6 4 2

0.4 0.4 0.7 Females 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.5 3.2 3.5 4.0 3.8 5.9 6.9 7.5 6.1 2 4 6 8 10

0 Percent

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 93.1, Urban: 94.9, Rural: 93.1. The sex ratio is marginally higher in urban areas.
(iii) Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 86.3 percent reflects the medium dependency that the productive population bears. (iv) Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Kampong Cham As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 28.5 61.9 6.6 2.6 0.4 categories among Males 31.7 65.3 1.9 0.9 0.2 males are higher than 25.7 59.0 10.6 4.1 0.6 the corresponding Females proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are high in urban areas as is to be expected.

70

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Kampong Cham

Province03

Total/ Percentage Literate Sex Urban/ Population Literate population aged 7 + Rural Both Total 1,299,981 792,480 61.0 Sexes Urban 38,708 31,688 81.9 Rural 1,261,273 760,792 60.3 Males Total 618,121 427,719 69.2 Urban 18,699 16,469 88.1 Rural 599,422 411,250 68.6 Females Total 681,860 364,761 53.5 Urban 20,009 15,219 76.1 Rural 661,851 349,542 52.8 An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 68.8 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 20.1 percent and 7.4 percent respectively. About 2.2 percent of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.4 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 74.3 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 64.1. V. ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 728,949 of which 375,085 or 51.5 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males, the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are more than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).
Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Kampong Cham Total/ Urban/ Rural Economic Activity Rate Unemployment Rate

Total Urban Rural

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 55.9 57.1 54.8 4.3 3.9 4.6 45.9 52.4 39.8 11.8 8.0 16.5 56.2 57.2 55.3 4.1 3.8 4.3

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 85.4 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 2.8 percent and 11.8 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (53.4 percent) out number men.
VI. Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 386,675 which is 24.0 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 51.1 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (63.4

71

percent) is more than that in rural areas (22.9 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
Province03

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous percentage distribution of Residence, Kampong Cham migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Sexes Males Females migrants had changed Within the province 70.4 71.4 69.4 their residence because of From another province 28.4 27.4 29.4 the reason "family From outside Cambodia 1.2 1.2 1.2 moved". The proportion of female migrants is high under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving "in search of employment" is higher among males.
Table 5. Reason for Migration, Kampong Cham Reason for migration Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons Both Sexes Males Females 100 100 100 6.2 9.6 2.6 15.2 18.8 11.3 1.6 2.3 1.0 17.3 22.4 12.0 29.6 19.5 40.1 4.7 4.6 4.9 19.8 17.6 22.1

5.6

5.2

6.0

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Kampong Cham

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
r fe ns W k or pl e ac h rc en ym lo p Em

Males Females

tio ca du E

g ria ar M

e ily m Fa

ed ov m iti am

ity ur ec s /In es

at tri pa

n io

er th O

a Tr

a Se

al C

72

VII.

Household Amenities

Province03

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 19.4 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 67 and 18 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampong Cham Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 4.4 9.0 64.5 13.9 6.0 2.2

Urban Rural 100 100 30.8 3.7 9.2 8.9 25.5 65.6 7.4 14.1 27.0 5.4 0.1 2.3

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampong Cham

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water

Dug Well

Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 11.7. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 73.8.

73

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Kampong Cham

Province03

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 9.2 72.2 7.6

Generator

1.0 1.0 1.0

Both City Power and Generator 1.5 0.6 1.5

Kerosene

Battery

Other Sources
0.3 0.4 0.2

82.7 23.0 84.3

5.3 2.8 5.4

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Kampong Cham Toilet facility within premises is available Total / approximately to one in ten households in the Urban / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Rural position is by far better. Total 9.7 Urban 57.2 Fuel for Cooking Rural 8.4 Toilet Facility
Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking while about 1.0 percent use charcoal (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas.

Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Kampong Cham Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 0.6 9.5 0.3 Others

100 100 100

96.7 71.2 97.4

1.0 18.4 0.5

1.6 0.4 1.7

0.1 0.5 0.1

74

Province03

Table P-03. Final Population Totals, Kampong Cham Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Kampong Cham - Total - Urban - Rural Batheay Batheay Chbar Ampov Chealea Cheung Prey Me Pring Ph'av Sambour Sandaek Tang Krang Tang Krasang Trab Tumnob Chamkar Leu Bos Khnaor Chamkar Andoung Cheyyou Lvea Leu Spueu Svay Teab Ta Ong Ta Prok Cheung Prey Khnor Dambang Kouk Rovieng Phdau Chum Prey Char Pring Chrum Sampong Chey Sdaeung Chey Soutip Srama Trapeang Kor Dambae Chong Cheach Dambae Kouk Srok Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 03

312,841 8,236 304,605 17,541 2,266 867 1,150 1,336 1,003 1,239 1,968 1,906 1,759 1,429 1,457 1,161 24,338 4,325 3,392 2,387 1,435 3,524 4,726 3,435 1,114 14,562 1,086 639 1,232 1,167 1,110 2,998 1,683 2,194 1,308 1,145 9,738 2,460 1,131 1,278

1,608,914 45,354 1,563,560 90,920 12,142 4,641 5,961 6,640 5,063 6,469 10,183 9,845 8,787 7,771 7,755 5,663 125,862 22,243 17,327 12,639 7,713 18,023 24,440 17,619 5,858 74,859 5,512 3,033 6,547 6,175 5,726 15,016 8,613 12,038 6,452 5,747 51,650 12,778 6,101 6,628

775,796 22,089 753,707 43,382 5,933 2,235 2,966 3,074 2,379 3,073 4,900 4,557 4,282 3,661 3,671 2,651 61,500 10,870 8,533 6,080 3,713 8,797 12,009 8,713 2,785 35,181 2,544 1,265 3,070 2,900 2,681 7,116 4,079 5,802 3,015 2,709 25,233 6,173 3,105 3,106

833,118 23,265 809,853 47,538 6,209 2,406 2,995 3,566 2,684 3,396 5,283 5,288 4,505 4,110 4,084 3,012 64,362 11,373 8,794 6,559 4,000 9,226 12,431 8,906 3,073 39,678 2,968 1,768 3,477 3,275 3,045 7,900 4,534 6,236 3,437 3,038 26,417 6,605 2,996 3,522

93.1 94.9 93.1 91.3 95.6 92.9 99.0 86.2 88.6 90.5 92.8 86.2 95.0 89.1 89.9 88.0 95.6 95.6 97.0 92.7 92.8 95.4 96.6 97.8 90.6 88.7 85.7 71.5 88.3 88.5 88.0 90.1 90.0 93.0 87.7 89.2 95.5 93.5 103.6 88.2

5.1 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.3 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.5 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 04 01 02 03

75

Province03

Table P-03. Final Population Totals, Kampong Cham Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Neang Teut Seda Tuek Chrov Trapeang Pring Kampong Cham (U) Boeng Kok Kampong Cham Sambuor Meas Veal Vong Kampong Siem Ampil Han Cheay Kien Chrey Kokor Kaoh Mitt Kaoh Roka Kaoh Samraong Kaoh Tontuem Krala Ou Svay Ro'ang Rumchek Srak Trean Vihear Thum Kang Meas Angkor Ban Kang Ta Noeng Khchau Peam Chi Kang Preaek Koy Preaek Krabau Reay Pay Roka Ar Roka Koy Sdau Sour Kong Kaoh Soutin Kampong Reab Kaoh Soutin Lve Total Number of Households 674 634 2,223 1,338 8,236 1,606 1,541 2,279 2,810 18,884 2,552 1,020 767 813 1,599 1,207 1,329 703 1,553 1,259 1,721 768 966 1,459 1,168 17,661 1,788 1,580 1,840 1,501 1,586 1,461 1,723 1,447 1,736 986 2,013 14,187 1,576 2,337 2,040 Population Both Sexes 3,751 3,460 11,669 7,263 45,354 8,531 8,808 12,138 15,877 99,056 13,131 5,551 3,960 3,960 8,535 6,085 7,585 3,323 8,151 6,532 8,965 4,216 5,137 7,967 5,958 91,212 9,366 8,415 9,409 7,449 8,387 7,417 8,794 7,381 8,970 5,239 10,385 70,672 8,044 11,678 10,408 Males 1,787 1,775 5,728 3,559 22,089 4,301 4,342 5,759 7,687 47,472 6,312 2,730 1,888 1,895 3,978 2,869 3,635 1,499 3,914 3,140 4,439 2,023 2,476 3,859 2,815 43,502 4,495 4,051 4,408 3,536 4,050 3,424 4,209 3,577 4,293 2,529 4,930 33,392 3,796 5,647 4,870 Females 1,964 1,685 5,941 3,704 23,265 4,230 4,466 6,379 8,190 51,584 6,819 2,821 2,072 2,065 4,557 3,216 3,950 1,824 4,237 3,392 4,526 2,193 2,661 4,108 3,143 47,710 4,871 4,364 5,001 3,913 4,337 3,993 4,585 3,804 4,677 2,710 5,455 37,280 4,248 6,031 5,538 Sex Ratio 91.0 105.3 96.4 96.1 94.9 101.7 97.2 90.3 93.9 92.0 92.6 96.8 91.1 91.8 87.3 89.2 92.0 82.2 92.4 92.6 98.1 92.2 93.0 93.9 89.6 91.2 92.3 92.8 88.1 90.4 93.4 85.8 91.8 94.0 91.8 93.3 90.4 89.6 89.4 93.6 87.9 Average Household Size (*) 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.7 4.7 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.1

Code 04 05 06 07 05 01 02 03 04 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 08 01 02 03

76

Province03

Table P-03. Final Population Totals, Kampong Cham Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Moha Leaph Moha Khnhoung Peam Prathnuoh Pongro Preaek Ta Nong Krouch Chhmar Chhuk Chumnik Kampong Treas Kaoh Pir Krouch Chhmar Peus Muoy Peus Pir Preaek A Chi Roka Khnaor Svay Khleang Trea Tuol Snuol Memot Chan Mul Choam Choam Kravien Choam Ta Mau Dar Kampoan Memong Memot Rung Rumchek Tramung Tonlung Treak Kokir Ou Reang Ov Ampil Ta Pok Chak Damrel Kong Chey Mien Preah Theat Tuol Sophi Total Number of Households 1,392 1,640 2,500 889 1,813 18,982 1,500 1,890 1,493 539 1,880 1,453 1,056 1,218 2,222 1,637 1,422 2,672 21,775 936 720 1,383 1,365 3,602 1,614 936 2,599 1,610 871 2,426 1,369 895 1,449 16,940 2,882 2,379 1,956 3,080 2,047 2,949 1,647 Population Both Sexes 6,922 7,913 12,140 4,427 9,140 99,695 7,725 9,641 8,442 2,695 9,394 7,771 5,701 6,480 11,518 9,058 7,550 13,720 111,296 4,825 4,076 7,031 6,855 18,634 7,877 4,492 13,767 8,283 4,386 12,214 6,843 4,641 7,372 82,806 14,251 10,911 8,679 15,779 10,353 14,913 7,920 Males 3,275 3,762 5,757 2,073 4,212 48,111 3,798 4,604 4,146 1,279 4,473 3,742 2,648 3,156 5,596 4,395 3,672 6,602 54,078 2,308 1,933 3,353 3,344 9,020 3,969 2,129 6,757 3,859 2,186 6,005 3,398 2,165 3,652 39,327 6,787 5,010 4,047 7,589 4,932 7,265 3,697 Females 3,647 4,151 6,383 2,354 4,928 51,584 3,927 5,037 4,296 1,416 4,921 4,029 3,053 3,324 5,922 4,663 3,878 7,118 57,218 2,517 2,143 3,678 3,511 9,614 3,908 2,363 7,010 4,424 2,200 6,209 3,445 2,476 3,720 43,479 7,464 5,901 4,632 8,190 5,421 7,648 4,223 Sex Ratio 89.8 90.6 90.2 88.1 85.5 93.3 96.7 91.4 96.5 90.3 90.9 92.9 86.7 94.9 94.5 94.3 94.7 92.8 94.5 91.7 90.2 91.2 95.2 93.8 101.6 90.1 96.4 87.2 99.4 96.7 98.6 87.4 98.2 90.5 90.9 84.9 87.4 92.7 91.0 95.0 87.5 Average Household Size (*) 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.6 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.8 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.4 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.8

Code 04 05 06 07 08 09 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 10 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 10 11 13 14 15 16 11 01 02 03 04 05 07 08

77

Province03

Table P-03. Final Population Totals, Kampong Cham Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Ponhea Kraek Doun Tei Kak Kandaol Chrum Kaong Kang Kraek Popel Trapeang Phlong Veal Mlu Prey Chhor Baray Boeng Nay Chrey Vien Khvet Thum Kor Krouch Lvea Mien Prey Chhor Sour Saen Samraong Srangae Thma Pun Tong Rong Trapeang Preah Srei Santhor Baray Chi Bal Khnar Sa Kaoh Andaet Mean Chey Pteah Kandal Pram Yam Preaek Dambouk Preaek Pou Preaek Rumdeng Ruessei Srok Svay Pou Svay Sach Phnum Tong Tralach Total Number of Households 24,261 2,523 2,890 3,404 2,543 7,064 1,838 2,903 1,096 24,892 1,689 2,526 2,950 1,032 2,170 1,209 1,340 2,419 497 977 1,435 1,072 1,808 1,113 2,655 18,224 1,443 552 660 1,022 1,498 1,198 1,060 2,147 2,693 2,076 1,075 1,227 1,008 565 Population Both Sexes 123,879 12,299 14,759 17,266 13,441 36,045 9,610 14,903 5,556 127,683 8,760 13,281 15,567 5,006 10,939 6,072 6,822 12,516 2,388 5,072 7,300 5,524 9,249 5,574 13,613 91,765 7,541 2,899 3,253 5,012 7,623 5,688 5,283 10,829 13,559 10,412 5,355 6,193 5,210 2,908 Males 59,797 5,840 7,035 8,112 6,594 17,462 4,639 7,486 2,629 61,635 4,155 6,493 7,509 2,351 5,314 2,946 3,332 6,056 1,117 2,417 3,532 2,565 4,594 2,684 6,570 43,969 3,656 1,424 1,658 2,336 3,611 2,644 2,443 5,209 6,585 4,921 2,589 3,016 2,445 1,432 Females 64,082 6,459 7,724 9,154 6,847 18,583 4,971 7,417 2,927 66,048 4,605 6,788 8,058 2,655 5,625 3,126 3,490 6,460 1,271 2,655 3,768 2,959 4,655 2,890 7,043 47,796 3,885 1,475 1,595 2,676 4,012 3,044 2,840 5,620 6,974 5,491 2,766 3,177 2,765 1,476 Sex Ratio 93.3 90.4 91.1 88.6 96.3 94.0 93.3 100.9 89.8 93.3 90.2 95.7 93.2 88.5 94.5 94.2 95.5 93.7 87.9 91.0 93.7 86.7 98.7 92.9 93.3 92.0 94.1 96.5 103.9 87.3 90.0 86.9 86.0 92.7 94.4 89.6 93.6 94.9 88.4 97.0 Average Household Size (*) 5.1 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1

Code 12 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 13 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

78

Province03

Table P-03. Final Population Totals, Kampong Cham Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Stueng Trang Areaks Tnaot Dang Kdar Khpob Ta Nguon Me Sar Chrey Ou Mlu Peam Kaoh Sna Preah Andoung Preaek Bak Preaek Kak Soupheas Tuol Preah Khleang Tuol Sambuor Tboung Khmum Anhchaeum Boeng Pruol Chikor Chirou Muoy Chirou Pir Chob Kor Lngieng Moung Rieng Peam Chileang Roka Po Pram Sralab Suong Thma Pechr Tonle Bet Vihear Luong Total Number of Households 20,996 975 1,886 1,439 2,482 1,373 2,130 551 1,704 5,288 1,852 878 438 41,624 2,372 1,325 2,293 1,167 2,451 4,139 2,850 1,195 1,550 1,615 5,433 3,087 4,392 2,642 2,724 2,389 Population Both Sexes 107,425 4,988 9,468 7,265 12,867 6,748 11,331 2,626 9,175 26,808 9,208 4,693 2,248 214,780 11,463 7,681 10,935 5,988 12,601 21,715 14,625 6,320 7,934 8,831 28,457 15,502 22,889 13,453 14,239 12,147 Males 52,822 2,516 4,789 3,622 6,217 3,417 5,665 1,287 4,375 13,113 4,454 2,250 1,117 104,306 5,457 3,736 5,259 2,853 6,223 10,962 7,100 3,027 3,776 4,185 13,806 7,457 11,172 6,491 6,928 5,874 Females 54,603 2,472 4,679 3,643 6,650 3,331 5,666 1,339 4,800 13,695 4,754 2,443 1,131 110,474 6,006 3,945 5,676 3,135 6,378 10,753 7,525 3,293 4,158 4,646 14,651 8,045 11,717 6,962 7,311 6,273 Sex Ratio 96.7 101.8 102.4 99.4 93.5 102.6 100.0 96.1 91.1 95.8 93.7 92.1 98.8 94.4 90.9 94.7 92.7 91.0 97.6 101.9 94.4 91.9 90.8 90.1 94.2 92.7 95.3 93.2 94.8 93.6 Average Household Size (*) 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.3 4.8 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.8 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.0

Code 15 01 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 12 13 14 16 01 02 04 05 06 08 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 21 22 23

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

79

Province 04 Kampong Chhnang

80

KAMPONG CHHNANG PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province04

The centrally situated province of Kampong Chhnang which is in the Tonle Sap region has a population of 417,693, comprising 197,691 males and 220,002 females. The percentage of female population is 52.7. The province consists of 8 districts, 69 communes and 546 villages. The population of this province constitutes 3.7 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Kampong Chhnang

01 Baribour 02 Chol Kiri 03 Kampong Chhnang 04 Kampong Leaeng 05 Kampong Tralach 06 Rolea B'ier 07 Sameakki Mean Chey 08 Tuek Phos 28,300 41,703 37,379

51,516

74,541 81,134 57,170 45,950

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

Density of population in the province is 76 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district (Kampong Chhnang) named after the province constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 10, which is lower than the national average of 15.7.

81

100,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Kampong Chhnang

Province04

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 81,201 comprising a population of 407,583 which gives an average household size of 5.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 26.8 and 73.2 respectively. About 68 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 45.4.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.4 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (41.6 percent) is less than that of male children (47.7 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 51.9 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.7 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 48.0 percent.

82

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Kampong Chhnang

Province04

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.6 2.7 3.0 3.5 2.5

5.5 7.3 8.2 7.1 10

25

0.3 0.4 0.6 Females 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.7 3.8 2.7 5.6 7.0 8.0 6.8

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

2
10 15

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 89.9, Urban: 93.3, Rural: 89.5. The sex ratio is lower in rural areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 92.8 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Kampong Chhnang As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never married) Marrie and married categories Both sexes 27.6 61.1 8.1 2.8 0.4 among males are 30.5 66.8 1.7 0.8 0.2 higher than the Males Females 25.2 56.6 13.2 4.4 0.6 corresponding proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

83

Table 2. Literate Population and Literacy Rates, Kampong Chhnang Province04 Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + Population Literate 330,171 194,593 58.9 34,710 23,956 69.0 295,461 170,637 57.8 153,345 103,407 67.4 16,577 12,661 76.4 136,768 90,746 66.4 176,826 91,186 51.6 18,133 11,295 62.3 158,693 79,891 50.3

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 69.9 percent of them had not completed even the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 19.5 percent and 6.5 percent respectively. About 2.7 percent of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.3 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 76.0 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 64.5.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 195,530 of which 106,792 or 54.6 percent are females. Both economic activity rate and unemployment rate are higher for females in the province as a whole and in the rural areas. In the urban areas, however, the activity rate is higher for males whereas, the unemployment rate is higher for females. (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Kampong Chhnang Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate Both Sexes

59.1 49.1 60.3

Unemployment Rate Both sexes

3.1 4.1 3.0

Males
57.8 52.4 58.4

Female s 60.3 46.1 61.9

Males
2.9 3.5 2.9

Females
3.2 4.7 3.1

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 85.5 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.7 percent and 12.8 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (56.8 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 194,731 which is 46.6 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 45.4 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (58.2
84

percent) is higher than that in rural areas (45.3 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
Province04

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous percentage distribution of Residence, Kampong Chhnang migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A Previous Residence Both Males Females sizeable proportion of Sexes migrants had changed Within the province 78.5 75.9 80.7 their residence because of From another province 16.7 18.9 14.8 the reason "family From outside Cambodia 4.8 5.2 4.5 moved". The proportion of female migrants is considerably higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving due to "transfer of work place" is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Kampong Chhnang Reason for migration Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons Both Sexes Males Females 100 100 100 9.4 16.5 3.4 8.4 11.5 5.8 1.0 1.7 0.5 7.4 10.2 5.1 39.6 24.7 52.0 13.9 13.5 14.2 16.6 18.4 15.1
3.7 3.5 3.9

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Kampong Chhnang

60 50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
er sf W k or pl e ac h rc pl Em m oy t en Ed n ar M e ily m Fa ed ov m es it i am ity ur ec s R n er

Males Females

at uc

io

g ria

/In

ep

ri at

io at

th O

an Tr

a Se

al

85

VII.

Household Amenities

Province04

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 19.3 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 51.9 and 16.2 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampong Chhnang Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 0.8 17.4 52.9 24.3 1.1 3.5

Urban Rural 100 100 3.7 0.6 41.1 15.1 25.9 55.5 19.8 24.7 7.1 0.5 2.4 3.6

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampong Chhnang

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well

Dug Well Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 6.0. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 37.8.

86

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Kampong Chhnang

Province04

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 4.6 31.4 2.0

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.7 0.7 89.9 3.9 0.2 2.3 4.1 47.3 14.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 94.2 2.8 0.1

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Kampong Chhnang Toilet facility within premises is available only Total / to a small percentage of households in the Urban / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Rural position is somewhat better. Total 6.0 Urban 29.9 Fuel for Cooking Rural 3.7 Toilet Facility
Most of the households in the province use firewood as main fuel for cooking. Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas (see Table 9).

Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Kampong Chhnang Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.8 0.4 0.1 0.7 2.1 0.1 1.9 0.2 0.1

100 100 100

95.8 87.2 96.7

1.9 9.9 1.1

87

Province04

Table P-04. Final Population Totals, Kampong Chhnang Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Kampong Chhnang - Total - Urban - Rural Baribour Anhchanh Rung Chhnok Tru Chak Khon Rang Kampong Preah Kokir Melum Phsar Pech Changvar Popel Ponley Trapeang Chan Chol Kiri Chol Sar Kaoh Thkov Kampong Os Peam Chhkaok Prey Kri Kampong Chhnang (U) Phsar Chhnang Kampong Chhnang Ph'er Khsam Kampong Leaeng Chranouk Dar Kampong Hau Phlov Tuk Pou Pralay Meas Samraong Saen Svay Rumpear Trangel Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 04

82,638 7,692 74,946 10,418 875 1,819 510 1,292 379 667 1,010 681 937 1,399 849 4,918 957 1,368 557 764 1,272 7,692 3,861 1,628 1,096 1,107 6,955 1,052 1,070 1,055 310 740 638 230 874 986

417,693 41,703 375,990 51,516 4,096 10,023 2,284 6,424 2,450 3,084 4,686 3,121 4,468 6,616 4,264 28,300 5,549 7,933 3,409 4,449 6,960 41,703 21,834 8,440 5,746 5,683 37,379 5,309 5,503 5,905 1,957 3,584 4,048 1,378 4,773 4,922

197,691 20,133 177,558 24,212 1,833 5,054 1,046 3,037 1,228 1,426 2,170 1,365 2,049 3,029 1,975 13,883 2,663 3,875 1,689 2,288 3,368 20,133 10,455 4,154 2,872 2,652 18,010 2,551 2,759 2,802 986 1,704 1,965 684 2,291 2,268

220,002 21,570 198,432 27,304 2,263 4,969 1,238 3,387 1,222 1,658 2,516 1,756 2,419 3,587 2,289 14,417 2,886 4,058 1,720 2,161 3,592 21,570 11,379 4,286 2,874 3,031 19,369 2,758 2,744 3,103 971 1,880 2,083 694 2,482 2,654

89.9 93.3 89.5 88.7 81.0 101.7 84.5 89.7 100.5 86.0 86.2 77.7 84.7 84.4 86.3 96.3 92.3 95.5 98.2 105.9 93.8 93.3 91.9 96.9 99.9 87.5 93.0 92.5 100.5 90.3 101.5 90.6 94.3 98.6 92.3 85.5

5.0 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.6 4.4 4.9 6.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.6 6.3 4.8 6.3 5.8 5.4 5.0

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 02 01 02 03 04 05 03 01 02 03 04 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

88

Province04

Table P-04. Final Population Totals, Kampong Chhnang Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Kampong Tralach Ampil Tuek Chhuk Sa Chres Kampong Tralach Longveaek Ou Ruessei Peani Saeb Ta Ches Thma Edth Rolea B'ier Andoung Snay Banteay Preal Cheung Kreav Chrey Bak Kouk Banteay Krang Leav Pongro Prasneb Prey Mul Rolea B'ier Srae Thmei Svay Chrum Tuek Hout Sameakki Mean Chey Chhean Laeung Khnar Chhmar Krang Lvea Peam Sedthei Svay Svay Chuk Tbaeng Khpos Thlok Vien Tuek Phos Akphivoadth Chieb Chaong Maong Kbal Tuek Khlong Popok Krang Skear Total Number of Households 14,422 1,868 1,497 1,641 1,023 1,416 1,592 1,323 1,169 2,042 851 17,157 1,025 834 1,227 1,765 950 1,136 1,389 1,015 716 1,539 1,830 2,465 1,266 11,660 639 1,171 1,482 1,381 1,196 1,713 1,507 1,550 1,021 9,416 1,537 1,060 1,072 558 989 1,931 Population Both Sexes 74,541 10,839 7,426 8,072 5,524 6,953 7,932 6,701 6,111 10,787 4,196 81,134 5,097 3,678 5,472 8,278 4,715 5,125 6,200 4,662 3,014 6,888 8,673 12,597 6,735 57,170 3,179 5,613 7,409 6,878 5,939 8,328 7,335 7,478 5,011 45,950 7,811 5,252 5,518 2,449 4,798 9,283 Males 35,460 5,237 3,541 3,820 2,659 3,433 3,714 3,117 2,903 5,128 1,908 37,190 2,375 1,695 2,481 3,828 2,198 2,323 2,786 2,186 1,314 3,090 4,002 5,747 3,165 27,014 1,454 2,599 3,472 3,168 2,878 3,942 3,527 3,606 2,368 21,789 3,746 2,509 2,629 1,106 2,230 4,487 Females 39,081 5,602 3,885 4,252 2,865 3,520 4,218 3,584 3,208 5,659 2,288 43,944 2,722 1,983 2,991 4,450 2,517 2,802 3,414 2,476 1,700 3,798 4,671 6,850 3,570 30,156 1,725 3,014 3,937 3,710 3,061 4,386 3,808 3,872 2,643 24,161 4,065 2,743 2,889 1,343 2,568 4,796 Sex Ratio 90.7 93.5 91.1 89.8 92.8 97.5 88.1 87.0 90.5 90.6 83.4 84.6 87.3 85.5 82.9 86.0 87.3 82.9 81.6 88.3 77.3 81.4 85.7 83.9 88.7 89.6 84.3 86.2 88.2 85.4 94.0 89.9 92.6 93.1 89.6 90.2 92.2 91.5 91.0 82.4 86.8 93.6 Average Household Size (*) 5.1 5.8 5.0 4.9 5.4 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.7 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.9 5.1 4.4 4.8 4.8

Code 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 08 01 02 03 04 05 06

89

Province04

Table P-04. Final Population Totals, Kampong Chhnang Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Tang Krasang Tuol Khpos Total Number of Households 1,602 667 Population Both Sexes 7,542 3,297 Males 3,498 1,584 Females 4,044 1,713 Sex Ratio 86.5 92.5 Average Household Size (*) 4.7 4.9

Code 07 08

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

90

Province 05 Kampong Spueu

91

KAMPONG SPUEU PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province05

Situated in the plateau and mountain region, Kampong Spueu province has a population of 598,882, comprising 287,392 males and 311,490 females. The percentage of female population is 52.0. The province consists of 8 districts, 89 communes and 1,319 villages. The population of this province constitutes 5.2 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Kampong Spueu

01 Basedth 02 Chbar Mon 03 Kong Pisei 04 Aoral 05 Odongk 06 Phnum Sruoch 07 Samraong Tong 08 Thpong 43,516 74,651 15,668 41,478

108,648

97,006

99,773

118,142

100,000

120,000

Density of population in the province is 85 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Chbar Mon constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 6.9, which is lower than the national average of 15.7.

92

140,000

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Kampong Spueu

Province05

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 114,959 comprising a population of 589,480 which gives an average household size of 5.1.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 25.6 and 74.4 respectively. About 58.8 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 43.1.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 45.5 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (42.9 percent) is less than that of male children (48.2 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 51.2 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.3 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 46.9 percent.

93

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Kampong Spueu

Province05

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.6 2.9 3.4 2.8

5.8 7.7 8.5 6.9 10

25

0.2 0.3 0.6 Females 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.1 3.5 3.8 3.0 5.7 7.3 8.2 6.8

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

2
10 15

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 92.3, Urban: 96.0, Rural: 92.0. The sex ratio is lower in rural areas. (iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 95.1 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Kampong Spueu As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 27.2 63.0 7.0 2.4 0.4 categories among 31.0 66.5 1.5 0.8 0.2 males are higher than Males Females 24.0 60.1 11.6 3.7 0.6 the corresponding proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

94

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Kampong Spueu Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province05

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 472,742 282,658 59.8 33,946 26,170 77.1 438,796 256,488 58.5 223,531 156,316 69.9 16,484 13,902 84.3 207,047 142,414 68.8 249,211 126,342 50.7 17,462 12,268 70.3 231,749 114,074 49.2

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 65.2 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 22.5 percent and 8.7 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.9) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.6 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 72.6 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 59.3.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 270,159 of which 148,604 or 55 percent are females. Economic activity rate is higher for females in rural areas. In urban parts unemployment rate is higher among females. Urban areas have recorded higher unemployment rates among total population (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Kampong Spueu Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 57.0 54.2 59.5 2.8 2.9 2.7 48.4 49.8 47.0 3.6 2.6 4.6 57.7 54.6 60.4 2.7 2.9 2.6

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 89.5 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.1 percent and 9.4 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (58.0 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 149,453 which is 25.0 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 51.4 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (52.7 percent) is more than that in rural areas (22.9 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
95

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, Kampong Spueu percentage distribution of migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A Previous Residence sizeable proportion of Both Sexes Males Females migrants had changed their Within the province 74.6 74.7 74.4 residence because of the From another province 23.9 23.9 24.0 reason "family moved". The From outside Cambodia 1.5 1.4 1.6 proportion of female migrants is high under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving due to " marriage " is high among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Kampong Spueu Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Province05

Both Sexes
100 8.1 7.3 1.8 21.3 30.2 8.3 18.2 4.8

Males
100 12.5 9.0 2.8 26.6 21.3 7.2 16.2 4.4

Females
100 3.5 5.6 0.7 15.6 39.6 9.4 20.4 5.2

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Kampong Spueu

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
k or rW fe ns pl e ac ch ar p Em ym lo

Males Females

t en

io at uc Ed

e ag rri a M

ily m Fa

ed ov m i am

y rit cu se In s/ ie t

at tri pa

n io

er th O

a Tr

Se

al C

96

VII.

Household Amenities

Province05

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 22.4 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 48.5 and 20.5 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampong Spueu Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 1.8 17.2 33.5 43.9 3.4 0.2

Urban Rural 100 100 7.5 1.4 15.0 17.3 7.9 35.3 43.1 44.0 26.0 1.8 0.5 0.2

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampong Spueu

Bought

Dug Well

Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of the households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 4.0. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 24.6.

97

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Kampong Spueu

Province05

Total / Urban/ Rural

Total Urban Rural

Total

City Power

Generator

100 100 100

2.6 16.0 1.6

Both City Kerosene Battery Other Sources Power and Generator 0.7 0.7 94.9 1.0 0.1 4.4 4.2 70.0 4.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 96.7 0.7 0.1

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Kampong Spueu Toilet facility within premises is available only Total / to a small percentage of households in the Urban / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Rural position is little better. Total 3.9 Urban 19.8 Fuel for Cooking Rural 2.8
Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking. Proportion of households using charcoal is higher in urban areas (Table 9).

Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Kampong Spueu Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.8 0.3 0.1 1.2 1.6 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.1

100 100 100

96.7 92.4 97.0

1.1 4.6 0.8

98

Province05

Table P-05. Final Population Totals, Kampong Spueu Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Kampong Spueu - Total - Urban - Rural Basedth Basedth Kat Phluk Nitean Pheakdei Pheari Mean Chey Phong Pou Angkrang Pou Chamraeun Pou Mreal Svay Chacheb Tuol Ampil Tuol Sala Kak Svay Rumpea Preah Khae Chbar Mon (U) Chbar Mon Kandaol Dom Roka Thum Sopoar Tep Svay Kravan Kong Pisei Angk Popel Chongruk Moha Ruessei Pechr Muni Preah Nipean Prey Nheat Prey Vihear Roka Kaoh Sdok Snam Krapeu Srang Tuek L'ak Veal Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 05

115,728 7,552 108,176 21,288 2,069 1,252 1,337 950 1,191 1,471 2,505 1,255 1,629 1,408 1,578 1,278 1,043 1,334 988 7,552 1,386 1,315 2,533 1,084 1,234 19,014 859 2,068 1,593 856 1,809 1,635 1,646 1,085 1,335 2,033 1,678 1,025 1,392

598,882 41,478 557,404 108,648 9,910 6,676 6,885 4,776 6,341 7,641 13,240 6,490 8,274 7,089 8,306 6,304 5,018 6,902 4,796 41,478 7,766 6,773 13,939 6,011 6,989 97,006 4,577 10,863 8,035 4,241 9,353 8,124 8,226 5,770 6,620 10,975 8,364 4,731 7,127

287,392 20,316 267,076 51,175 4,638 3,167 3,211 2,254 3,017 3,554 6,248 3,083 3,922 3,390 3,883 2,988 2,319 3,275 2,226 20,316 3,929 3,231 6,903 2,801 3,452 46,556 2,226 5,241 3,832 1,957 4,514 3,882 3,987 2,749 3,112 5,353 4,029 2,233 3,441

311,490 21,162 290,328 57,473 5,272 3,509 3,674 2,522 3,324 4,087 6,992 3,407 4,352 3,699 4,423 3,316 2,699 3,627 2,570 21,162 3,837 3,542 7,036 3,210 3,537 50,450 2,351 5,622 4,203 2,284 4,839 4,242 4,239 3,021 3,508 5,622 4,335 2,498 3,686

92.3 96.0 92.0 89.0 88.0 90.3 87.4 89.4 90.8 87.0 89.4 90.5 90.1 91.6 87.8 90.1 85.9 90.3 86.6 96.0 102.4 91.2 98.1 87.3 97.6 92.3 94.7 93.2 91.2 85.7 93.3 91.5 94.1 91.0 88.7 95.2 92.9 89.4 93.4

5.1 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.4 4.9 4.6 5.1

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 02 01 02 03 04 05 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

99

Province05

Table P-05. Final Population Totals, Kampong Spueu Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Aoral Haong Samnam Reaksmei Sameakki Trapeang Chour Sangkae Satob Ta Sal Roleak Kang Cheung Chh'en Odongk Chant Saen Cheung Roas Chumpu Proeks Khsem Khsan Krang Chek Mean Chey Preah Srae Prey Krasang Trach Tong Veal Pung Veang Chas Yutth Sameakki Damnak Reang Peang Lvea Phnum Touch Phnum Sruoch Chambak Choam Sangkae Dambouk Rung Kiri Voan Krang Dei Vay Moha Sang Ou Prey Rumduol Prey Kmeng Tang Samraong Tang Sya Traeng Trayueng Samraong Tong Roleang Chak Kahaeng Khtum Krang Krang Ampil Total Number of Households 3,362 455 210 826 762 446 326 337 18,825 972 1,062 410 1,428 2,163 971 1,286 1,403 1,091 2,199 1,181 1,135 977 1,108 1,439 14,698 595 740 609 1,058 1,063 2,077 2,139 816 869 789 1,586 2,357 22,464 1,206 1,216 1,076 1,319 Population Both Sexes 15,668 1,995 1,055 3,944 3,806 2,002 1,325 1,541 99,773 5,200 5,730 2,169 7,525 11,569 5,288 6,710 7,519 5,704 10,850 6,556 6,090 5,365 5,921 7,577 74,651 2,789 3,735 3,294 5,379 5,530 10,594 11,045 4,174 4,473 3,807 8,187 11,644 118,142 6,752 6,305 5,758 6,796 Males 7,568 920 517 1,803 1,987 990 615 736 47,840 2,424 2,803 1,052 3,676 5,488 2,524 3,307 3,571 2,686 5,257 3,188 2,974 2,544 2,812 3,534 36,844 1,374 1,780 1,609 2,575 2,836 5,165 5,399 1,970 2,284 1,742 3,948 6,162 56,395 3,217 3,058 2,792 3,240 Females 8,100 1,075 538 2,141 1,819 1,012 710 805 51,933 2,776 2,927 1,117 3,849 6,081 2,764 3,403 3,948 3,018 5,593 3,368 3,116 2,821 3,109 4,043 37,807 1,415 1,955 1,685 2,804 2,694 5,429 5,646 2,204 2,189 2,065 4,239 5,482 61,747 3,535 3,247 2,966 3,556 Sex Ratio 93.4 85.6 96.1 84.2 109.2 97.8 86.6 91.4 92.1 87.3 95.8 94.2 95.5 90.2 91.3 97.2 90.5 89.0 94.0 94.7 95.4 90.2 90.4 87.4 97.5 97.1 91.0 95.5 91.8 105.3 95.1 95.6 89.4 104.3 84.4 93.1 112.4 91.3 91.0 94.2 94.1 91.1 Average Household Size (*) 4.6 4.4 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.5 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.1 5.3 5.1

Code 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 07 01 02 03 04

100

Province05

Table P-05. Final Population Totals, Kampong Spueu Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Pneay Roleang Kreul Samraong Tong Sambour Saen Dei Skuh Tang Krouch Thommoda Ar Trapeang Kong Tumpoar Meas Voa Sa Thpong Amleang Monourom Prambei Mom Rung Roeang Toap Mean Veal Pon Yea Angk Total Number of Households 1,828 1,792 1,038 1,238 1,801 1,692 1,361 1,680 2,279 933 2,005 8,525 1,701 924 1,626 1,482 323 1,270 1,199 Population Both Sexes 9,584 9,681 5,331 6,481 9,602 9,137 6,701 8,312 11,769 4,719 11,214 43,516 8,215 4,650 8,413 7,648 1,659 6,559 6,372 Males 4,479 4,620 2,569 3,152 4,566 4,370 3,181 3,818 5,673 2,247 5,413 20,698 3,952 2,178 4,054 3,544 845 3,106 3,019 Females 5,105 5,061 2,762 3,329 5,036 4,767 3,520 4,494 6,096 2,472 5,801 22,818 4,263 2,472 4,359 4,104 814 3,453 3,353 Sex Ratio 87.7 91.3 93.0 94.7 90.7 91.7 90.4 85.0 93.1 90.9 93.3 90.7 92.7 88.1 93.0 86.4 103.8 90.0 90.0 Average Household Size (*) 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.1 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3

Code 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 08 01 02 04 05 06 07 08

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

101

Province 06 Kampong Thum

102

KAMPONG THUM PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province06

Kampong Thum is a centrally located province which forms part of Tonle Sap region. It has a population of 569,060, comprising 272,844 males and 296,216 females. The percentage of female population is about 52. The province consists of 8 districts, 81 communes and 737 villages. The population of this province constitutes 5.0 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Kampong Thum

01 Baray 02 Kampong Svay 03 Stueng Saen 04 Prasat Balangk 05 Prasat Sambour 06 Sandan 07 Santuk 08 Stoung 40,516 36,983 38,574 58,434 94,119 74,834 66,014

159,586

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

Density of population in the province is 41 per km2 which is lower than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Stueng Saen constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 11.6, which is lower than the national average of 15.7.

103

180,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Kampong Thum

Province06

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 105,583 comprising a population of 558,790 which gives an average household size of 5.3.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 28.8 and 71.2 respectively. About 56 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only 42.7.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.3 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (41.7 percent) is less than that of male children (47.0 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 52.2 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.5 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 48.1 percent.

104

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Kampong Thum

Province06

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 2.6 3.1 3.6 3.2

5.9 7.4 8.2 7.0 10

25

0.3 0.4 0.6 Females 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.6 6.0 7.0 7.9 6.8

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

2
10 15

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 92.1, Urban: 94.3, Rural: 91.8. The sex ratio is lower in rural areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 91.6 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex , Kampong Thum As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 29.5 61.0 6.9 2.3 0.3 categories among Males 32.8 64.5 1.8 0.8 0.1 males are more than 26.9 58.0 11.2 3.5 0.4 the corresponding Females proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

105

Table 2. Literate Population and Literacy Rates, Kampong Thum Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province06

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Percentage Literate Population Literate Population aged 7 + 451,350 254,451 56.4 53,924 40,680 75.4 397,426 213,771 53.8 213,048 135,125 63.4 25,784 20,973 81,3 187,264 114,152 61.0 238,302 119,326 50.1 28,140 19,707 70.0 210,162 99,619 47.4

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 70.7 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 18.0 percent and 7.3 percent respectively while 2.3 percent of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.6 percent. Only about 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 75.1 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 66.8.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 234,598 of which 117,349 or about 50 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are lower than those for rural areas (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Kampong Thum Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 51.9 54.9 49.2 8.2 6.4 9.9 48.4 51.3 45.8 6.8 5.5 8.3 52.3 55.4 49.6 8.3 6.5 10.2

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 86.4 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.8 percent and 11.8 percent respectively. In the primary sector the percentage of women (50.8) is slightly higher .

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 101,961 which is 17.9 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 53.2 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (49.4

106

percent) is much higher than that in rural areas (13.8 percent). Most of the migrants have Province06 moved within the province (see Table 4). Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, Kampong Thum percentage distribution of Percentage of migrants migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Previous Residence Both Sexes Males Females sizeable proportion of Within the province 82.5 82.2 82.9 migrants had changed From another province 16.6 16.8 16.2 their residence because of From outside Cambodia 0.9 1.0 0.9 the reason "family moved". The proportion of female migrants is twice that of males under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving due to "transfer of work place" is much higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Kampong Thum Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes
100 10.3 8.7 3.0 23.9 33.4 6.0 8.9 5.8

Males
100 15.8 10.0 4.2 30.1 22.6 5.2 7.2 4.9

Females
100 4.2 7.2 1.6 16.7 45.6 7.0 10.8 6.9

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Kampong Thum

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
or rW fe ns k pl e ac h rc pl Em m oy

Males Females

t en Ed

a uc

tio

n M

ria ar

ge ily m Fa

ed ov m es it i m a

s /In

ity ur ec R

ep

ria at

tio

th O

er

a Tr

a Se

al

107

VII.

Household Amenities

Province06

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 3.6 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 15.3 and 2.1 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampong Thum Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 1.7 1.4 77.5 16.2 0.5 2.7

Urban Rural 100 100 7.2 1.0 6.1 0.8 45.9 81.6 31.3 14.2 2.0 0.3 7.5 2.1

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampong Thum

Dug Well

Tube/Pipe Well Piped water Other Bought

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is only 6.8. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 22.3.

108

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Kampong Thum

Province06

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 5.3 19.4 3.5

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.5 1.0 89.4 1.4 2.4 0.9 2.0 75.2 2.3 0.2 0.4 1.0 91.2 1.3 2.6

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Kampong Thum Toilet facility within premises is available to only 13.1 percent of households in the Total / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is comparatively better. Total 13.1 Urban 35.2 Fuel for Cooking Rural 10.3 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Toilet Facility Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Kampong Thum Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Others Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2.4 0.3 N 1.5 0.8 0.1 2.5 0.2 N

100 100 100

95.6 89.4 96.4

1.7 8.2 0.8

Note : - N stands for negligible

109

Province06

Table P-06. Final Population Totals, Kampong Thum Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Kampong Thum - Total - Urban - Rural Baray Bak Sna Ballangk Baray Boeng Chaeung Daeung Chranieng Chhuk Khsach Chong Doung Chrolong Kokir Thum Krava Andoung Pou Pongro Sou Young Sralau Svay Phleung Tnaot Chum Treal Kampong Svay Chey Damrei Slab Kampong Kou Kampong Svay Ni Pechr Phat Sanday San Kor Tbaeng Trapeang Ruessei Stueng Saen (U) Damrei Choan Khla Kampong Thum Kampong Roteh Ou Kanthor Kdei Doung Kampong Krabau Prey Kuy Prey Ta Hu Achar Leak Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 06

106,908 12,295 94,613 30,839 961 2,856 2,241 1,584 1,786 2,220 2,386 1,953 1,140 813 1,720 1,098 1,502 1,531 1,669 908 1,350 3,121 13,586 759 646 891 2,243 534 1,203 2,356 2,046 2,908 12,295 1,170 697 888 695 892 873 810 983 1,039

569,060 66,014 503,046 159,586 4,723 15,021 12,122 7,873 9,603 11,630 12,551 10,457 5,539 3,965 8,712 5,574 7,767 7,780 8,475 4,590 7,373 15,831 74,834 4,184 3,328 5,186 12,030 2,877 6,669 13,486 11,516 15,558 66,014 6,473 3,714 4,869 3,783 4,796 4,825 4,342 5,480 6,021

272,844 32,047 240,797 76,865 2,284 7,331 5,848 3,745 4,675 5,690 6,054 4,991 2,650 1,880 4,257 2,698 3,591 3,775 4,056 2,210 3,523 7,607 36,176 1,971 1,559 2,530 5,760 1,308 3,466 6,430 5,561 7,591 32,047 3,136 1,810 2,294 1,822 2,338 2,368 2,111 2,701 2,998

296,216 33,967 262,249 82,721 2,439 7,690 6,274 4,128 4,928 5,940 6,497 5,466 2,889 2,085 4,455 2,876 4,176 4,005 4,419 2,380 3,850 8,224 38,658 2,213 1,769 2,656 6,270 1,569 3,203 7,056 5,955 7,967 33,967 3,337 1,904 2,575 1,961 2,458 2,457 2,231 2,779 3,023

92.1 94.3 91.8 92.9 93.6 95.3 93.2 90.7 94.9 95.8 93.2 91.3 91.7 90.2 95.6 93.8 86.0 94.3 91.8 92.9 91.5 92.5 93.6 89.1 88.1 95.3 91.9 83.4 108.2 91.1 93.4 95.3 94.3 94.0 95.1 89.1 92.9 95.1 96.4 94.6 97.2 99.2

5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.6

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

110

Province06

Table P-06. Final Population Totals, Kampong Thum Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Srayov Tboung Krapeu Prasat Balangk Doung Kraya Phan Nheum Sa Kream Sala Visai Sameakki Tuol Kreul Prasat Sambour Chhuk Koul Sambour Sraeung Tang Krasau Sandan Chheu Teal Dang Kambet Klaeng Mean Ritth Mean Chey Ngan Sandan Sochet Tumring Santuk Boeng Lvea Chroab Kampong Thma Kakaoh Kraya Pnov Prasat Tang Krasang Ti Pou Total Number of Households 3,264 984 7,533 1,004 995 893 1,209 2,155 590 687 6,870 1,588 823 2,080 764 1,615 7,113 1,137 308 642 595 1,138 1,125 1,444 292 432 10,713 434 736 1,503 1,774 1,085 374 1,522 2,097 1,188 Population Both Sexes 16,563 5,148 40,516 5,346 5,510 4,770 6,349 11,691 3,094 3,756 36,983 8,412 4,452 11,046 4,056 9,017 38,574 6,329 1,772 3,322 3,234 5,768 6,526 7,860 1,572 2,191 58,434 2,408 3,940 8,149 9,271 6,012 1,938 8,204 11,782 6,730 Males 7,951 2,518 19,318 2,478 2,732 2,148 3,103 5,620 1,462 1,775 17,684 3,942 2,113 5,332 1,962 4,335 18,679 3,021 883 1,572 1,539 2,855 3,063 3,880 774 1,092 28,250 1,155 1,909 3,926 4,407 2,961 939 3,946 5,739 3,268 Females 8,612 2,630 21,198 2,868 2,778 2,622 3,246 6,071 1,632 1,981 19,299 4,470 2,339 5,714 2,094 4,682 19,895 3,308 889 1,750 1,695 2,913 3,463 3,980 798 1,099 30,184 1,253 2,031 4,223 4,864 3,051 999 4,258 6,043 3,462 Sex Ratio 92.3 95.7 91.1 86.4 98.3 81.9 95.6 92.6 89.6 89.6 91.6 88.2 90.3 93.3 93.7 92.6 93.9 91.3 99.3 89.8 90.8 98.0 88.4 97.5 97.0 99.4 93.6 92.2 94.0 93.0 90.6 97.1 94.0 92.7 95.0 94.4 Average Household Size (*) 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7

Code 10 11 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

111

Province06

Table P-06. Final Population Totals, Kampong Thum Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Stoung Banteay Stoung Chamnar Kraom Chamnar Leu Kampong Chen Cheung Kampong Chen Tboung Msar Krang Peam Bang Popok Pralay Preah Damrei Rung Roeang Samprouch Trea Total Number of Households 17,959 1,692 1,617 1,630 1,150 1,659 1,388 391 937 2,110 1,008 912 1,627 1,838 Population Both Sexes 94,119 8,640 8,381 8,418 6,164 8,576 7,233 2,218 5,178 11,311 5,005 4,167 9,055 9,773 Males 43,825 4,026 3,710 3,777 2,996 3,933 3,342 1,133 2,477 5,410 2,370 1,879 4,198 4,574 Females 50,294 4,614 4,671 4,641 3,168 4,643 3,891 1,085 2,701 5,901 2,635 2,288 4,857 5,199 Sex Ratio 87.1 87.3 79.4 81.4 94.6 84.7 85.9 104.4 91.7 91.7 89.9 82.1 86.4 88.0 Average Household Size (*) 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.3 4.9 4.6 5.5 5.3

Code 08 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

112

Province 07 Kampot

113

KAMPOT PROVINCE
I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province07

Located in the coastal region, Kampot province has a population of 528,405, comprising 253,085 males and 275,320 females. The percentage of female population is 52.1. The province consists of 8 districts, 92 communes and 477 villages. The population of this province constitutes 4.6 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Kampot

01 Angkor Chey 02 Banteay Meas 03 Chhuk 04 Chum Kiri 05 Dang Tong 06 Kampong Trach 07 Kampot 08 Kampong Bay 33,126 39,320 50,167

72,459 81,542 78,951

83,061 89,779

60,000

80,000

100,000

20,000

40,000

Density of population in the province is 108 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Kampong Bay constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 6.3, which is lower than the national average of 15.7.

114

120,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Kampot

Province07

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 104,498 comprising a population of 523,215 which gives an average household size of 5.0.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 24.5 and 75.5 respectively. About 63.7 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 42.7.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.9 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (42.0 percent) is less than that of male children (47.9 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 51.6 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.5 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 47.4 percent.

115

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Kampot

Province07
unadjusted Age distribution

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

Males

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.6 3.1 3.6 2.8

5.5 7.9 8.3 6.8 10 8 6 4 2

0.3 0.4 0.6 Females 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.6 4.1 3.3 5.5 7.4 7.9 6.6 2 4 6 8 10

0 Percent

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 91.9, Urban: 92.5, Rural: 91.9. The sex ratio is marginally higher in urban areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 93.8 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Kampot As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 26.0 64.0 7.1 2.4 0.5 categories among 29.1 68.5 1.5 0.7 0.2 males are higher than Males Females 23.5 60.3 11.7 3.8 0.7 the corresponding proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than the corresponding proportion of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

116

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Kampot Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province07

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 420,864 249,720 59.3 27,637 20,042 72.5 393,227 229,678 58.4 198,211 135,229 68.2 13,100 10,509 80.2 185,111 124,720 67.4 222,653 114,491 51.4 14,537 9,533 65.6 208,116 104,958 50.4

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 65.9 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 22.1percent and 8.7 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.4) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.8 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 71.4 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 61.2.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 239,222 of which 130,224 or 54.4 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are lower for males the unemployment rates are slightly higher for females at the province level. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Kampot Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate Both Sexes 56.8 48.1 57.4 Males 54.9 53.6 55.0 Females 58.4 43.1 59.5

Unemployment Rate Both sexes 3.7 8.1 3.4 Males 3.6 6.2 3.4 Females 3.8 10.2 3.5

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 87.6 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.7 percent and 10.7 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (56.9 percent) out number men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 95,909 which is 18.2 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 51.4 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (54.6

117

percent) is higher than that in rural areas (15.7 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
Province07

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution of Kampot migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A Previous Residence sizeable proportion of Both Sexes Males Females migrants had changed Within the province 79.1 78.3 79.9 their residence because From another province 18.4 19.2 17.5 of the reason "family From outside Cambodia 2.5 2.5 2.6 moved". The proportion of female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving due to "marriage" is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Kampot Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes
100 6.8 11.0 2.0 24.5 31.8 5.1 13.8 5.0

Males
100 10.4 14.3 2.8 29.4 21.3 5.0 12.3 4.5

Females
100 3.0 7.6 1.0 19.3 42.8 5.3 15.5 5.5

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Kampot

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
or rW fe ns k pl e ac h rc pl Em m oy

Males Females

t en Ed

a uc

tio

n M

ria ar

ge ily m Fa

ed ov m es it i m a

s /In

ity ur ec R

ep

ria at

tio

th O

er

a Tr

a Se

al

118

VII.

Household Amenities

Province07

Main Source of Drinking Water The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 13.2 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 82.0 and 9.0 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampot Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 2.1 5.1 43.0 43.5 6.0 0.3

Urban Rural 100 100 21.2 1.0 0.4 5.4 9.0 45.1 9.0 45.6 60.4 2.6 N 0.3

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kampot

Dug Well Bought

Tube/Pipe Well Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 6.8. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 59.9.

119

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Kampot Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total City Power
100 100 100 4.9 55.2 1.8

Province07

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.8 1.1 92.5 0.7 N 1.7 3.0 39.3 0.6 0.2 0.8 1.0 95.7 0.7 N

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Kampot Toilet facility within premises is available to a small percentage of households in the Total / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is by far better. Total 8.0 Urban 46.9 Fuel for Cooking Rural 5.6 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas. Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Kampot Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Others Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.9 0.3 0.3 1.0 2.1 0.3 2.0 0.2 0.3

100 100 100

93.5 51.5 96.1

4.0 45.1 1.4

120

Province07

Table P-07. Final Population Totals, Kampot Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Code Commune 07 Kampot - Total - Urban - Rural Angkor Chey Angk Phnum Touch Angkor Chey Champei Dambouk Khpos Dan Koum Daeum Doung Mroum Phnum Kong Praphnum Samlanh Tani Banteay Meas Banteay Meas Khang Kaeut Banteay Meas Khang Lech Prey Tonle Samraong Kraom Samraong Leu Sdach Kong Khang Cheung Sdach Kong Khang Lech Sdach Kong Khang Tboung Tnaot Chong Srang Trapeang Sala Khang Kaeut Trapeang Sala Khang Lech Tuk Meas Khang Kaeut Tuk Meas Khang Lech Voat Angk Khang Cheung Voat Angk Khang Tboung Chhuk Baniev Takaen Boeng Nimol Chhuk Doun Yay Krang Sbov Krang Snay Lbaeuk Trapeang Pleang Mean Chey Total Population Number of Households Both Sexes Males Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Females

104,993 6,060 98,933 14,889 827 829 1,729 2,974 1,126 583 870 1,940 1,002 1,220 1,789 16,901 1,663 1,539 457 1,151 1,089 1,038 815 516 1,455 863 1,073 978 1,849 1,332 1,083 16,031 1,084 816 1,183 1,527 1,097 1,152 1,980 1,269 361 911

528,405 33,126 495,279 72,459 4,054 4,073 8,427 13,937 5,396 2,574 4,242 9,926 4,889 6,044 8,897 81,542 7,731 6,989 2,240 5,627 5,268 5,253 4,232 2,655 7,369 3,936 4,952 4,831 9,112 6,115 5,232 78,951 5,379 3,487 5,714 7,451 5,687 5,553 10,245 6,370 1,657 4,293

253,085 15,915 237,170 34,466 1,995 1,971 3,979 6,592 2,508 1,177 2,024 4,784 2,316 2,836 4,284 38,939 3,728 3,327 1,111 2,686 2,462 2,587 2,033 1,291 3,523 1,905 2,335 2,254 4,350 2,902 2,445 37,984 2,576 1,801 2,777 3,549 2,727 2,623 4,936 3,078 833 2,059

275,320 17,211 258,109 37,993 2,059 2,102 4,448 7,345 2,888 1,397 2,218 5,142 2,573 3,208 4,613 42,603 4,003 3,662 1,129 2,941 2,806 2,666 2,199 1,364 3,846 2,031 2,617 2,577 4,762 3,213 2,787 40,967 2,803 1,686 2,937 3,902 2,960 2,930 5,309 3,292 824 2,234

91.9 92.5 91.9 90.7 96.9 93.8 89.5 89.7 86.8 84.3 91.3 93.0 90.0 88.4 92.9 91.4 93.1 90.9 98.4 91.3 87.7 97.0 92.5 94.6 91.6 93.8 89.2 87.5 91.3 90.3 87.7 92.7 91.9 106.8 94.6 91.0 92.1 89.5 93.0 93.5 101.1 92.2

5.0 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.2 4.8 4.9 5.2 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.7

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

121

Province07

Table P-07. Final Population Totals, Kampot Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Code Commune 11 12 13 14 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 12 13 14 15 16 Neareay Satv Pong Trapeang Bei Tramaeng Chum Kiri Chres Chumpu Voan Snay Anhchet Srae Chaeng Srae Knong Srae Samraong Trapeang Reang Dang Tong Damnak Sokram Dang Tong Khcheay Khang Cheung Khcheay Khang Tboung Mean Ritth Srae Chea Khang Cheung Srae Chea Khang Tboung Totung Angkor Meas L'ang Kampong Trach Boeng Sala Khang Cheung Boeng Sala Khang Tboung
Damnak Kantuot Khang Cheung Damnak Kantuot Khang Tboung

Total Number of Households 1,011 1,347 1,025 1,268 7,972 1,161 1,399 894 1,454 1,025 802 1,237 10,040 768 1,919 923 967 863 574 407 1,360 1,141 1,118 15,982 1,321 1,364 1,119 1,356 1,725 1,045 495 919 912 1,693 802 1,744 606 881

Population Both Sexes 5,079 6,602 5,044 6,390 39,320 5,572 6,703 4,505 7,518 5,091 3,871 6,060 50,167 3,617 9,633 4,621 4,861 4,540 2,851 1,954 6,454 5,910 5,726 83,061 6,691 7,319 5,878 7,119 9,214 5,540 2,589 4,403 4,655 8,694 4,117 9,413 3,150 4,279 Males 2,479 3,122 2,452 2,972 18,689 2,631 3,193 2,159 3,655 2,348 1,829 2,874 23,984 1,664 4,581 2,193 2,331 2,200 1,350 894 3,110 2,813 2,848 39,936 3,241 3,516 2,882 3,373 4,480 2,616 1,189 2,120 2,211 4,176 2,025 4,594 1,500 2,013 Females 2,600 3,480 2,592 3,418 20,631 2,941 3,510 2,346 3,863 2,743 2,042 3,186 26,183 1,953 5,052 2,428 2,530 2,340 1,501 1,060 3,344 3,097 2,878 43,125 3,450 3,803 2,996 3,746 4,734 2,924 1,400 2,283 2,444 4,518 2,092 4,819 1,650 2,266 Sex Ratio 95.3 89.7 94.6 87.0 90.6 89.5 91.0 92.0 94.6 85.6 89.6 90.2 91.6 85.2 90.7 90.3 92.1 94.0 89.9 84.3 93.0 90.8 99.0 92.6 93.9 92.5 96.2 90.0 94.6 89.5 84.9 92.9 90.5 92.4 96.8 95.3 90.9 88.8

Average Household Size (*) 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.2 4.8

Kampong Trach Khang Kaeut Kampong Trach Khang Lech Kanthaor Khang Cheung Kanthaor Khang Kaeut Kanthaor Khang Lech Preaek Kroes Ruessei Srok Khang Kaeut Ruessei Srok Khang Lech Svay Tong Khang Cheung Svay Tong Khang Tboung

122

Province07

Table P-07. Final Population Totals, Kampot Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Code Commune 07 01 02 03 04 05 07 08 09 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 08 01 02 03 04 05 Kampot Boeng Tuk Chum Kriel Kampong Kraeng Kampong Samraong Kandal Kaoh Touch Koun Satv Meakprang Preaek Tnaot Prey Khmum Prey Thnang Stueng Kaev Thmei Trapeang Pring Trapeang Sangkae Trapeang Thum Kampong Bay (U) Kampong Kandal Krang Ampil Kampong Bay Andoung Khmaer Traeuy Kaoh Total Number of Households 17,118 814 1,038 1,200 513 1,515 905 1,302 904 1,405 1,159 1,733 876 1,242 1,066 955 491 6,060 1,514 769 1,165 1,700 912 Population Both Sexes 89,779 4,272 5,531 6,142 2,784 8,048 4,989 6,825 4,910 7,839 5,986 8,626 4,260 6,455 5,633 5,016 2,463 33,126 8,146 4,156 6,613 9,127 5,084 Males 43,172 2,040 2,668 2,923 1,341 3,790 2,477 3,233 2,447 3,855 2,811 4,248 2,085 3,085 2,630 2,398 1,141 15,915 3,982 1,992 3,189 4,365 2,387 Females 46,607 2,232 2,863 3,219 1,443 4,258 2,512 3,592 2,463 3,984 3,175 4,378 2,175 3,370 3,003 2,618 1,322 17,211 4,164 2,164 3,424 4,762 2,697 Sex Ratio 92.6 91.4 93.2 90.8 92.9 89.0 98.6 90.0 99.4 96.8 88.5 97.0 95.9 91.5 87.6 91.6 86.3 92.5 95.6 92.1 93.1 91.7 88.5 Average Household Size (*) 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.5

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

123

Province 08 Kandal

124

KANDAL PROVINCE
I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province08

Kandal province, situated in the plain region surrounds the capital, Phnom Penh. On the southern end it is bordering Viet Nam. The province has a population of 1,075,125, comprising 515,996 males and 559,129 females. The percentage of female population is 52. The province consists of 11 districts, 147 communes and 1,087 villages. The population of this province constitutes 9.4 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Kandal

01 Kandal Stueng 02 Kien Svay 03 Khsach Kandal 04 Kaoh Thum 05 Leuk Daek 06 Lvea Aem 07 Mukh Kampul 08 Angk Snuol 09 Ponhea Lueu 10 S'ang 11 Ta Khmau 58,264 52,976 65,835 77,456 88,921 95,087 169,792 105,345 136,542 76,549 148,358

150,000

100,000

50,000

Density of population in the province is 301 per km2 which is much higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Ta Khmau close to Phnom Penh constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 5.4 which is much less than the national average of 15.7.

125

200,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Kandal

Province08

II. (ii)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 203,357 comprising a population of 1,053,716 which gives an average household size of 5.2.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 25.4 and 74.6 respectively. About 70.2 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 51.1.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 42 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (39.4 percent) is less than that of male children (44.9 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 53.6 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 4.4 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 50.2 percent.
126

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Kandal

Province08
unadjusted Age distribution

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

Males

0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.8 3.0 3.4 2.8

6.1 7.4 7.8 6.3 10

25

0.4 0.4 0.7 Females 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 6.1 2
10 15

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 92.3 Urban: 97.1, Rural: 92.0. The sex ratio is lower in rural areas. (iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 86.6 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iV) Marital Status of population aged 15+ Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Kandal
As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never Married married) and Both sexes 30.3 59.8 6.9 2.6 0.4 married categories Males 33.7 63.4 1.9 0.9 0.1 among males are 27.5 56.8 11.1 4.1 0.5 higher than the Females corresponding proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men.

IV.

LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas, as is to be expected.

127

Table 2. Literate Population and Literacy Rates, Kandal Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province08

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population aged 7 + 869,653 48,625 821,028 411,534 23,789 387,745 458,119 24,836 433,283

Literate Percentage Population Literate 598,567 68.8 38,665 79.5 559,902 68.2 314,402 76.4 20,416 85.8 293,986 75.8 284,165 62.0 18,249 73.5 265,916 61.4

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 62 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 24.1 percent and 9.5 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.8) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 2.4 percent. Only 0.2 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 68.6 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 56..0

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 479,725 of which 250,536 or 52.2 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males, the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Kandal Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate Both Sexes 55.1 48.1 55.5 Males 55.6 54.4 55.7 Females 54.6 42.0 55.3

Unemployment Rate Both sexes 4.9 6.1 4.9 Males 4.6 4.6 4.6 Females 5.3 7.9 5.2

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 76.8 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 6.2 percent and 17.0 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (54.4 percent) outnumber men.

VII.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 306,891 which is 28.5 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 49.4 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (55.9 urban areas (55.9 percent) is higher than that in rural areas (27.0 percent).
128

More than 50 percent of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
Province08

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution Kandal of migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Sexes Males Females migrants had changed Within the province 51.8 52.5 51.2 their residence because From another province 41.5 40.6 42.2 of the reason "family From outside Cambodia 6.7 6.9 6.6 moved". The proportion of female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving for "marriage" is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Kandal Reason for migration Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Kandal
40 30
Percent

Both Sexes 100 7.4 10.5 1.8 20.7 28.6 6.2 20.3 4.5

Males 100 11.8 11.9 2.6 27.4 19.9 5.4 17.3 3.7

Females 100 3.2 9.1 1.0 14.1 37.1 7.0 23.2 5.3

20 10 0
or rW fe ns k pl e ac h rc pl Em m oy

Males Females

t en Ed

a uc

tio

n M

ria ar

ge ily m Fa

ed ov m es it i m a

s /In

ity ur ec R

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a tri

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th O

er

a Tr

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129

VII.

Household Amenities

Province08

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 36.3 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 78.0 and 34.0 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kandal Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 4.5 12.5 11.2 52.2 19.3 0.3

Urban 100 10.0 23.7 4.4 17.5 44.3 0.1

Rural 100 4.1 11.9 11.6 54.0 18.0 0.4

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kandal

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well Dug Well

Piped water

Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 12.8. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 60.0.

130

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Kandal Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban
Rural

Province08

Total

City Power
9.4 53.2 7.1

Generator

100 100 100

Other Both City Kerosene Battery Sources Power and Generator 1.0 2.4 78.1 8.9 0.2 1.5 5.3 37.0 2.7 0.3
2.3 80.2 9.2 0.2

1.0

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Kandal Toilet facility within premises is available to 12.3 percent of households in the province (Table 8). In Total / Urban / Percentage the urban areas the position is by far better Rural Total 12.3 Fuel for Cooking Urban 50.2 Rural 10.3 Majority of households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas. Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Kandal Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.0 0.7 0.1 2.4 5.3 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.2

100 100 100

96.5 80.0 97.3

1.7 12.0 1.2

131

Province08

Table P-08. Final Population Totals, Kandal Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Code Commune 08 Kandal - Total - Urban - Rural 01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 24 25 26 27 28 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Kandal Stueng Ampov Prey Anlong Romiet Barku Boeng Khyang Cheung Kaeub Daeum Rues Kandaok Thmei Kouk Trab Kong Noy Preah Putth Preaek Kampis Preaek Roka Preaek Slaeng Roka Roleang Kaen Roluos Siem Reab Spean Thma Tbaeng Tien Trapeang Veaeng Trea Kien Svay Banteay Daek Chheu Teal Dei Edth Kampong Svay Kbal Kaoh Kokir Kokir Thum Phum Thum Preaek Aeng Preaek Thmei Samraong Thum Veal Sbov Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

206,189 10,266 195,923 16,212 1,061 628 815 1,047 636 1,371 1,019 311 756 239 366 1,130 736 625 535 828 425 768 472 637 391 545 871 28,535 2,344 1,433 2,857 1,770 2,822 2,893 2,294 1,818 2,509 2,678 3,749 1,368

1,075,125 58,264 1,016,861 76,549 4,805 3,082 4,260 4,576 2,906 6,235 4,474 1,444 3,474 1,232 1,699 5,851 3,505 2,785 2,507 4,258 1,879 3,637 2,190 3,059 1,727 2,682 4,282 148,358 12,353 7,495 15,712 8,775 14,903 15,485 11,518 9,491 12,960 14,059 18,655 6,952

515,996 28,701 487,295 35,937 2,238 1,456 2,062 2,153 1,394 2,946 2,077 655 1,618 568 788 2,777 1,689 1,291 1,147 1,946 877 1,679 1,012 1,485 804 1,273 2,002 70,930 5,839 3,555 7,545 4,111 7,167 7,511 5,376 4,517 6,229 6,782 8,909 3,389

559,129 29,563 529,566 40,612 2,567 1,626 2,198 2,423 1,512 3,289 2,397 789 1,856 664 911 3,074 1,816 1,494 1,360 2,312 1,002 1,958 1,178 1,574 923 1,409 2,280 77,428 6,514 3,940 8,167 4,664 7,736 7,974 6,142 4,974 6,731 7,277 9,746 3,563

92.3 97.1 92.0 88.5 87.2 89.5 93.8 88.9 92.2 89.6 86.6 83.0 87.2 85.5 86.5 90.3 93.0 86.4 84.3 84.2 87.5 85.8 85.9 94.3 87.1 90.3 87.8 91.6 89.6 90.2 92.4 88.1 92.6 94.2 87.5 90.8 92.5 93.2 91.4 95.1

5.2 5.5 5.2 4.7 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6 5.2 4.6 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1

132

TOC

Table P-08. Final Population Totals, Kandal Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Code Commune 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 04 01 02 03 04 05 07 08 09 10 11 12 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 06 01 02 Khsach Kandal Bak Dav Chey Thum Kampong Chamlang Kaoh Chouram Kaoh Oknha Tei Preah Prasab Preaek Ampil Preaek Luong Preaek Ta Kov Preaek Ta Meak Puk Ruessei Roka Chonlueng Sanlung Sithor Svay Chrum Svay Romiet Ta Aek Vihear Suork Kaoh Thum Chheu Khmau Chrouy Ta Kaev Kampong Kong Kaoh Thum Ka Kaoh Thum Kha Leuk Daek Pouthi Ban Preaek Chrey Preaek Sdei Preaek Thmei Sampov Lun Leuk Daek Kampong Phnum K'am Samnar Khpob Ateav Peam Reang Preaek Dach Preaek Tonloab Sandar Lvea Aem Akreiy Ksatr Barong Total Number of Households 20,877 675 1,049 835 927 909 1,473 1,801 856 1,050 1,951 2,020 946 1,191 1,093 704 868 563 1,966 25,666 1,836 1,750 2,131 1,185 1,321 2,561 2,021 2,568 3,526 3,246 3,521 9,811 2,306 952 936 1,190 1,274 2,455 698 12,728 1,852 637 Population Both Sexes 105,345 3,567 5,259 4,036 4,827 4,424 7,470 9,472 4,144 5,271 9,941 10,002 4,590 6,003 5,369 3,544 4,540 2,769 10,117 136,542 10,252 9,372 11,241 6,205 6,758 14,042 10,445 13,700 18,993 16,857 18,677 52,976 12,235 5,136 5,110 6,467 6,933 13,277 3,818 65,835 9,276 3,361 Males 50,133 1,707 2,454 1,889 2,294 2,076 3,548 4,562 1,935 2,476 4,692 4,763 2,158 2,947 2,572 1,681 2,189 1,275 4,915 65,885 4,960 4,451 5,365 2,879 3,285 6,645 5,064 6,884 9,078 8,241 9,033 25,487 5,799 2,590 2,454 3,108 3,319 6,349 1,868 31,211 4,431 1,677 Females 55,212 1,860 2,805 2,147 2,533 2,348 3,922 4,910 2,209 2,795 5,249 5,239 2,432 3,056 2,797 1,863 2,351 1,494 5,202 70,657 5,292 4,921 5,876 3,326 3,473 7,397 5,381 6,816 9,915 8,616 9,644 27,489 6,436 2,546 2,656 3,359 3,614 6,928 1,950 34,624 4,845 1,684 Sex Ratio 90.8 91.8 87.5 88.0 90.6 88.4 90.5 92.9 87.6 88.6 89.4 90.9 88.7 96.4 92.0 90.2 93.1 85.3 94.5 93.2 93.7 90.4 91.3 86.6 94.6 89.8 94.1 101.0 91.6 95.6 93.7 92.7 90.1 101.7 92.4 92.5 91.8 91.6 95.8 90.1 91.5 99.6 Average Household Size (*) 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.3

133

Province08

Table P-08. Final Population Totals, Kandal Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Code Commune 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 07 01 02 03 04 07 08 09 10 11 08 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 09 01 02 Boeng Krum Kaoh Kaev Kaoh Reah Lvea Sa Peam Oknha Ong Phum Thum Preaek Kmeng Preaek Rey Preaek Ruessei Sambuor Sarikakaev Thma Kor Tuek Khleang Mukh Kampul Bak Khaeng Kaoh Dach Preaek Anhchanh Preaek Dambang Roka Kaong Muoy Roka Kaong Pir Ruessei Chrouy Sambuor Meas Svay Ampear Angk Snuol Baek Chan Boeng Thum Chhak Chheu Neang Damnak Ampil Kamboul Kantaok Krang Mkak Lumhach Mkak Ovlaok Peuk Ponsang Prey Puoch Samraong Leu Snao Tuol Prech Ponhea Lueu Chhveang Chrey Loas Total Number of Households 818 454 562 473 1,373 362 433 652 1,406 1,107 1,283 659 657 14,740 1,189 2,272 2,047 2,064 1,645 1,096 1,495 1,607 1,325 16,974 1,548 1,112 550 838 1,038 1,607 732 1,156 1,625 549 1,074 1,258 1,093 1,170 651 973 17,923 1,224 1,354 Population Both Sexes 4,240 2,250 2,989 2,372 6,830 1,843 2,313 3,182 7,533 6,157 6,755 3,425 3,309 77,456 6,485 10,836 11,013 11,433 8,641 5,466 8,011 8,428 7,143 88,921 8,390 5,088 2,936 4,520 5,536 8,530 3,684 5,988 8,691 2,675 5,892 6,755 5,747 5,997 3,302 5,190 95,087 6,379 6,589 Males 2,060 1,040 1,351 1,110 3,272 861 1,145 1,502 3,571 2,797 3,250 1,622 1,522 37,302 3,177 5,099 5,430 5,362 4,095 2,524 3,952 4,143 3,520 42,844 3,989 2,407 1,478 2,214 2,810 4,075 1,768 2,882 4,093 1,264 2,838 3,255 2,752 2,907 1,632 2,480 45,432 3,012 3,157 Females 2,180 1,210 1,638 1,262 3,558 982 1,168 1,680 3,962 3,360 3,505 1,803 1,787 40,154 3,308 5,737 5,583 6,071 4,546 2,942 4,059 4,285 3,623 46,077 4,401 2,681 1,458 2,306 2,726 4,455 1,916 3,106 4,598 1,411 3,054 3,500 2,995 3,090 1,670 2,710 49,655 3,367 3,432 Sex Ratio 94.5 86.0 82.5 88.0 92.0 87.7 98.0 89.4 90.1 83.2 92.7 90.0 85.2 92.9 96.0 88.9 97.3 88.3 90.1 85.8 97.4 96.7 97.2 93.0 90.6 89.8 101.4 96.0 103.1 91.5 92.3 92.8 89.0 89.6 92.9 93.0 91.9 94.1 97.7 91.5 91.5 89.5 92.0 Average Household Size (*) 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.4 4.8 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.3 4.6 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.2 4.8

134

Province08

Table P-08. Final Population Totals, Kandal Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Code Commune 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 10 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 11 01 02 03 04 05 06 Kampong Luong Kampong Os Kaoh Chen Phnum Bat Ponhea Lueu Ponhea Pon Preaek Pnov Preaek Ta Teaen Phsar Daek Samraong Tumnob Thum Vihear Luong S'ang Khpob Kaoh Anlong Chen Kaoh Khael Kaoh Khsach Tonlea Krang Yov Prasat Preaek Ambel Preaek Koy Roka Khpos S'ang Phnum Setbou Svay Prateal Svay Rolum Ta Lon Traeuy Slaa Tuek Vil Ta Khmau (U) Ta Kdol Preaek Ruessei Daeum Mien Ta Khmau Preaek Hour Kampong Samnanh Total Number of Households 1,756 1,091 1,544 1,535 671 962 2,198 1,269 1,153 1,065 966 1,135 32,457 2,325 967 1,734 1,051 2,749 1,043 3,949 2,410 1,764 2,230 1,188 2,293 1,647 2,212 3,250 1,645 10,266 782 1,348 1,988 3,776 1,080 1,292 Population Both Sexes 9,206 6,277 8,929 7,636 3,380 5,022 11,945 7,320 5,798 5,699 5,060 5,847 169,792 11,497 4,830 9,190 5,359 13,553 5,915 20,557 12,623 9,426 11,422 6,648 11,943 8,746 11,847 17,194 9,042 58,264 4,252 7,521 10,939 22,711 5,857 6,984 Males 4,340 2,886 4,250 3,707 1,586 2,419 5,800 3,504 2,835 2,709 2,406 2,821 82,134 5,534 2,283 4,448 2,557 6,680 2,866 9,969 6,154 4,575 5,576 3,180 5,723 4,164 5,702 8,366 4,357 28,701 2,019 3,662 5,209 11,668 2,808 3,335 Females 4,866 3,391 4,679 3,929 1,794 2,603 6,145 3,816 2,963 2,990 2,654 3,026 87,658 5,963 2,547 4,742 2,802 6,873 3,049 10,588 6,469 4,851 5,846 3,468 6,220 4,582 6,145 8,828 4,685 29,563 2,233 3,859 5,730 11,043 3,049 3,649 Sex Ratio 89.2 85.1 90.8 94.3 88.4 92.9 94.4 91.8 95.7 90.6 90.7 93.2 93.7 92.8 89.6 93.8 91.3 97.2 94.0 94.2 95.1 94.3 95.4 91.7 92.0 90.9 92.8 94.8 93.0 97.1 90.4 94.9 90.9 105.7 92.1 91.4 Average Household Size (*) 5.2 5.7 5.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.7 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.4

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

135

Province 09 Kaoh Kong

136

KAOH KONG PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province09

Situated in the coastal region, Kaoh Kong province has a population of 132,106, comprising 67,700 males and 64,406 females. The percentage of female population is 48.8.

The province consists of 8 districts, 32 communes and 127 villages. The population of this province constitutes 1.2 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Kaoh Kong

01 Botum Sakor 02 Kiri Sakor 03 Kaoh Kong 04 Smach Mean Chey 05 Mondol Seima 06 Srae Ambel 07 Thma Bang 08 Kampong Seila 2,880 12,569 6,289 8,817

18,822

29,329

38,435

14,965

Density of population in the province is 12 per km2 which is much lower than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Smach Mean Chey constitutes the urban portion. The percentage of urban population in the province is 22.2, which is higher than the national average of 15.7.

10,000

137

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Kaoh Kong

Province09

II. (iii)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 24,125 comprising a population of 124,575 which gives an average household size of 5.2.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male-headed households are 25.3 and 74.7 respectively. About 48.4 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 36.2.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 40.7 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (41.2 percent) is higher than that of male children (40.2 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 57.5 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 1.8 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 53.0 percent.

138

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Kaoh Kong

Province09
unadjusted Age distribution

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

Males

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.4

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.7 2.5

Females

4.4 5.2 5.6 3.8 4.7 6.1 7.4 7.2 10 8 6 4 2 0 Percent 2

3.3 4.1 4.6 3.5 5.1 6.1 7.1 6.9 4 6 8 10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 105.1, Urban: 107.5, Rural: 104.4. The sex ratio is generally high for the province.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 74.1 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+ Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Kaoh Kong

As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 26.5 67.2 4.0 2.0 0.3 categories among Males 31.0 67.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 males are higher than 21.7 67.1 7.5 3.3 0.4 the corresponding Females proportions among females, the difference being marginal in the married category. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men.

IV.

LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

139

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Kaoh Kong Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province09

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 104,348 57,422 55.0 23,645 15,778 66.7 80,703 41,644 51.6 53,332 34,817 65.3 12,271 9,301 75.8 41,061 25,516 62.1 51,016 22,605 44.3 11,374 6,477 56.9 39,642 16,128 40.7

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 58.0 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 26.7 percent and 10.2 percent respectively. A small percentage (2.0) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 2.9 percent. Only 0.2 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 67.4 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 51.8.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 55,802 of which 20,034 or 35.9 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males, the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Kaoh Kong Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate Both Sexes 53.1 48.8 54.3 Males 66.4 65.3 66.7 Females 39.1 30.9 41.4

Unemployment Rate Both sexes 9.3 11.6 8.6 Males 7.4 7.9 7.3 Females 12.5 20.0 10.9

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 53.2 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 7.4 percent and 39.4 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (37.9 percent) form a smaller proportion.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 76,591 which is 58.0 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 52.9 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (74.9
140

percent) is higher than that in rural areas (53.2 percent). Most of the migrants have moved Province09 from other provinces (Table 4). Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, Kaoh Kong percentage distribution of migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A Previous Residence Males Females Both Sexes sizeable proportion of Within the province 19.7 19.8 19.6 migrants had changed From another province 75.0 75.2 74.8 their residence because From outside Cambodia 5.3 5.0 5.6 of the reason "family moved". The proportion of female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving "In search of employment" is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Kaoh Kong Reason for migration Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons Both Sexes 100 6.9 36.2 1.2 2.4 47.0 1.6 1.3 3.4 Males 100 11.2 45.9 1.3 2.0 33.5 1.7 1.3 3.1 Females 100 2.1 25.4 1.0 2.7 62.1 1.5 1.4 3.8

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Kaoh Kong

70 60 50
Percent

40 30 20 10 0
or rW fe ns k pl e ac h rc pl Em m oy t en Ed tio n M ge ily m Fa ed ov m es it i am ity ur ec R tio n th O er

Males Females

a uc

ria ar

s /In

ep

a tri

a Tr

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al

141

VII. Household Amenities Main Source of Drinking Water

Province09

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 36.4 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 55.7 and 30.9 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kaoh Kong Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total 100 2.0 1.3 57.2 5.9 33.1 0.5 Urban 100 6.2 1.2 39.8 4.1 48.3 0.4 Rural 100 0.8 1.3 62.0 6.5 28.8 0.6

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kaoh Kong

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well Piped water Other Spring, river etc.

Dug Well

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 38.9. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 64.1.

142

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Kaoh Kong

Province09

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

City Power
26.6 61.4 16.7

Generator

100 100 100

4.5 1.5 5.3

Other Both City Kerosene Battery Sources Power and Generator 7.8 59.1 0.8 1.2 1.2 33.6 1.3 1.0 9.8 66.3 0.6 1.3

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Kaoh Kong Toilet facility within premises is available to a small percentage of households in the Total / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is somewhat better. Total 14.7 Urban 30.0 Fuel for Cooking Rural 10.4 Majority of households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas. Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Kaoh Kong Total/ Urban / Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2.3 4.2 1.8 Others

100 100 100

71.8 61.4 74.7

24.2 33.3 21.7

1.4 0.6 1.6

0.3 0.5 0.2

143

Province09

Table P- 09. Final Population Totals, Kaoh Kong Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Code Commune 09 Kaoh Kong - Total - Urban - Rural Botum Sakor Andoung Tuek Kandaol Ta Nun Thma Sa Chi Phat Kiri Sakor Kaoh Sdach Phnhi Meas Preaek Khsach Kaoh Kong Chrouy Pras Kaoh Kapi Ta Tai Kraom Trapeang Rung Smach Mean Chey (U) Smach Mean Chey Dang Tong Stueng Veaeng Mondol Seima Bak Khlang Peam Krasaob Tuol Kokir Srae Ambel Boeng Preav Chi Kha Kraom Chi Kha Leu Chrouy Svay Dang Peaeng Srae Ambel Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

24,964 5,400 19,564 3,456 1,130 368 192 1,534 232 1,270 964 111 195 1,769 358 588 199 624 5,400 2,078 2,840 482 2,453 1,972 264 217 7,243 1,081 436 558 844 1,555 2,769

132,106 29,329 102,777 18,822 6,080 1,934 1,017 8,389 1,402 6,289 4,708 485 1,096 8,817 1,744 3,012 959 3,102 29,329 11,318 15,511 2,500 12,569 10,276 1,297 996 38,435 5,747 2,364 2,660 4,409 8,276 14,979

67,700 15,194 52,506 9,727 3,141 916 531 4,204 935 3,259 2,433 246 580 4,768 934 1,585 520 1,729 15,194 6,050 7,924 1,220 6,372 5,143 722 507 19,333 2,882 1,181 1,311 2,154 4,562 7,243

64,406 14,135 50,271 9,095 2,939 1,018 486 4,185 467 3,030 2,275 239 516 4,049 810 1,427 439 1,373 14,135 5,268 7,587 1,280 6,197 5,133 575 489 19,102 2,865 1,183 1,349 2,255 3,714 7,736

105.1 107.5 104.4 106.9 106.9 90.0 109.3 100.5 200.2 107.6 106.9 102.9 112.4 117.8 115.3 111.1 118.5 125.9 107.5 114.8 104.4 95.3 102.8 100.2 125.6 103.7 101.2 100.6 99.8 97.2 95.5 122.8 93.6

5.2 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.4 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.4 5.6 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.6 5.2 5.2 5.4 4.7 5.2 5.0 5.4

01 01 02 03 04 05 02 01 02 03 03 01 02 03 04 04 01 02 03 05 01 02 03 06 01 02 03 04 05 07

144

Province09

Table P- 09. Final Population Totals, Kaoh Kong Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Code Commune 07 01 02 03 04 08 01 02 03 04 Thma Bang Ta Tey Leu Pralay Chumnoab Ruessei Chrum Kampong Seila Chamkar Luong Kampong Seila Ou Bak Roteh Stueng Chhay Total Number of Households 569 53 206 81 229 2,804 350 1,201 682 571 Population Both Sexes 2,880 305 1,033 406 1,136 14,965 1,851 6,464 3,629 3,021 Males 1,411 137 496 198 580 7,636 916 3,285 1,876 1,559 Females 1,469 168 537 208 556 7,329 935 3,179 1,753 1,462 Sex Ratio 96.1 81.5 92.4 95.2 104.3 104.2 98.0 103.3 107.0 106.6 Average Household Size (*) 5.0 5.8 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

145

Province 10 Kracheh

146

KRACHEH PROVINCE
I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province10

Located in the plateau and mountain region, Kracheh province has Viet Nam on its southeastern border. It has a population of 263,175, comprising 130,254 males and 132,921 females. The percentage of female population is 50.5. The province consists of 5 districts, 46 communes and 257 villages. The population of this province constitutes 2.3 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District , Kracheh

01 Chhloung

50,407

02 Kracheh

79,123

03 Preaek Prasab

56,757

04 Sambour

41,732

05 Snuol

35,156

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

Density of population in the province is 24 per km2 which is lower than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district (Kracheh) named after the province constitutes the urban portion. The percentage of urban population in the province is 30.1, which is higher than the national average of 15.7.

147

100,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Kracheh

Province10

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 48,761 comprising a population of 258,990 which gives an average household size of 5.3.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 18.3 and 81.7 respectively. About 64.0 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 45.3.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 41.2 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (39.8 percent) is less than that of male children (42.5 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 55.0 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.8 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 51.6 percent.

148

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Kracheh

Province10

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.8 3.4 4.4 3.9

5.8 6.7 7.5 6.9 10

25

0.3 0.4 0.6 Females 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.1 5.7 6.3 7.2 6.6 2
10 15

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 98.0, Urban: 98.4, Rural: 97.8. The sex ratio is marginally lower in rural areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 81.7 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Kracheh As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 29.6 62.4 5.8 1.9 0.3 categories among 33.9 63.6 1.6 0.7 0.2 males are higher than Males Females 25.5 61.3 9.6 3.1 0.5 the corresponding proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

149

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Kracheh

Province10

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 210,485 129,471 61.5 63,879 41,817 65.5 146,606 87,654 59.8 103,331 69,931 67.7 31,344 22,341 71.3 71,987 47,590 66.1 107,154 59,540 55.6 32,535 19,476 59.9 74,619 40,064 53.7

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 66.4 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 21.7 percent and 8.6 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.7) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.5 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 70.4 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 63.0.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 115,284 of which 53,363 or 46.3 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males, the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are less than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Kracheh Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females Sexes Males Females 54.6 59.7 49.7 6.9 6.3 7.6 55.4 60.0 50.9 4.8 4.2 5.5 54.3 59.6 49.2 7.9 7.3 8.5

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 78.3 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 4.2 percent and 17.5 percent respectively. In the primary sector women account for 49.3 percent.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 52,868 which is 20.1 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 55.8 percent. The percentage of migrants in
150

urban areas (24.5 percent) is higher than that in rural areas (18.2 percent). Most of the Province10 migrants have moved within the province (Table 4). Table 5 gives the percentage distribution of Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, Kracheh migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Both Males Females migrants had changed Previous Residence Sexes their residence because of 53.8 53.9 53.7 the reason "family Within the province 42.8 42.9 42.6 moved". The proportion of From another province From outside Cambodia 3.4 3.2 3.7 female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving " in search of employment " is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Kracheh Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes 100 8.9 23.5 2.2 17.8 36.5 2.4 after 2.4
6.3

Males
100 12.1 30.0 2.6 21.2 24.6 2.2 2.2 5.1

Females
100 4.8 15.4 1.6 13.5 51.5 2.8 2.6 7.8

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Kracheh

60 50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
r fe ns W k or pl e ac h rc p Em ym lo t en n ar M e ily m Fa ed ov m es it i am ity ur ec s R n er

Males Females

t ca du E

io

g ria

/In

ep

ri at

io at

th O

a Tr

a Se

al

151

VII.

Household Amenities

Province10

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 32.8 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 46.3 and 27.0 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kracheh Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 2.7 17.6 30.5 36.3 12.5 0.4

Urban Rural 100 100 5.0 1.8 24.7 14.5 24.4 33.1 29..2 39.4 16.6 10.7 0.1 0.5

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Kracheh

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well

Dug Well

Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 13.5. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 19.4.

152

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Kracheh

Province10

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

City Power
9.5 15.9 6.8

Generator

100 100 100

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 1.7 2.3 80.8 4.1 1.6 2.0 1.5 76.3 4.2 0.1 1.6 2.6 82.8 4.1 2.1

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Kracheh Toilet facility within premises is available to 13.4 percent of households in the province Total / Percentage (Table 8). In the urban areas the position is Urban / Rural slightly better. Total 13.4 Urban 20.2 Fuel for Cooking Rural 10.6 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking while about 3.1 percent use charcoal (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas. Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Kracheh Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
0.4 0.6 0.3

Others

100 100 100

95.3 93.1 96.2

3.1 5.3 2.1

1.2 0.8 1.4

N 0.2 N

153

Province10

Table P-10. Final Population Totals, Kracheh Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Kracheh - Total - Urban - Rural Chhloung Chhloung Damrei Phong Han Chey Kampong Damrei Kanhchor Khsach Andaet Pongro Preaek Saman Kracheh (U) Bos Leav Changkrang Dar Kantuot Kou Loab Kaoh Chraeng Kaoh Trong Krakor Kracheh Ou Ruessei Roka Kandal Sambok Thma Andaeuk Thma Kreae Thmei Preaek Prasab Chambak Chrouy Banteay Kampong Kor Kaoh Ta Suy Preaek Prasab Ruessei Kaev Saob Ta Mau Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 10

49,326 14,791 34,535 9,513 1,359 767 1,506 328 1,029 1,176 1,864 1,484 14,791 1,250 346 1,190 885 565 481 360 800 1,608 1,987 960 1,268 636 1,123 1,332 10,602 1,407 1,571 1,031 382 2,259 1,263 1,509 1,180

263,175 79,123 184,052 50,407 7,468 3,776 7,922 1,713 5,646 5,869 10,225 7,788 79,123 6,746 1,799 6,324 4,673 3,019 2,739 1,916 4,153 8,609 10,707 5,417 6,379 3,372 6,011 7,259 56,757 7,318 8,476 5,548 2,032 12,194 6,778 8,051 6,360

130,254 39,235 91,019 24,748 3,704 1,866 3,824 832 2,971 2,832 4,890 3,829 39,235 3,307 881 3,055 2,304 1,458 1,347 949 2,076 4,391 5,362 2,644 3,111 1,630 3,056 3,664 28,040 3,555 4,277 2,755 985 6,108 3,272 3,989 3,099

132,921 39,888 93,033 25,659 3,764 1,910 4,098 881 2,675 3,037 5,335 3,959 39,888 3,439 918 3,269 2,369 1,561 1,392 967 2,077 4,218 5,345 2,773 3,268 1,742 2,955 3,595 28,717 3,763 4,199 2,793 1,047 6,086 3,506 4,062 3,261

98.0 98.4 97.8 96.4 98.4 97.7 93.3 94.4 111.1 93.2 91.7 96.7 98.4 96.2 96.0 93.5 97.3 93.4 96.8 98.1 100.0 104.1 100.3 95.3 95.2 93.6 103.4 101.9 97.6 94.5 101.9 98.6 94.1 100.4 93.3 98.2 95.0

5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

154

Province10

Table P-10. Final Population Totals, Kracheh Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Commune Sambour Boeng Char Kampong Cham Kbal Damrei Kaoh Khnhaer Ou Krieng Roluos Mean Chey Sambour Sandan Srae Chis Voadthonak Snuol Khsuem Pir Thnu Snuol Srae Char Svay Chreah Total Number of Households 7,632 349 1,219 587 603 688 533 1,373 1,106 515 659 6,788 1,063 855 2,425 1,289 1,156 Population Both Sexes 41,732 1,825 6,905 2,919 3,163 3,827 3,211 7,704 5,655 3,143 3,380 35,156 5,724 4,286 12,169 6,506 6,471 Males 20,635 872 3,429 1,444 1,514 1,995 1,584 3,838 2,754 1,486 1,719 17,596 2,930 2,086 6,071 3,282 3,227 Females 21,097 953 3,476 1,475 1,649 1,832 1,627 3,866 2,901 1,657 1,661 17,560 2,794 2,200 6,098 3,224 3,244 Sex Ratio 97.8 91.5 98.6 97.9 91.8 108.9 97.4 99.3 94.9 89.7 103.5 100.2 104.9 94.8 99.6 101.8 99.5 Average Household Size (*) 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.0 5.2 5.4 6.0 5.5 5.1 6.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.6

Code 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 05 01 02 03 04 05

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

155

Province 11 Mondol Kiri

156

MONDOL KIRI PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province11

Mondol Kiri province situated in the eastern highland forms part of the plateau and mountain region. It has a population of 32,407, comprising 16,380 males and 16,027 females. The percentage of female population is 49.5. The province consists of 5 districts, 21 communes and 98 villages. The population of this province constitutes 0.3 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Mondol Kiri

01 Kaev Seima

8,854

02 Kaoh Nheaek

8,919

03 Ou Reang

2,473

04 Pechr Chenda

5,129

05 Saen Monourom

7,032

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

Density of population in the province is 2 per km2 which is the lowest among provinces. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Saen Monourom constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 21.7, which is higher than the national average of 15.7.

157

10,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Mondol Kiri

Province11

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 5,615 comprising a population of 31,825 which gives an average household size of 5.7.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 22.0 and 78.0 respectively. About 51.5 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 43.1.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 43.8 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (43.5 percent) is slightly less than that of male children (44.1 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 54.0 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 2.2 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 50.6 percent.

158

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Mondol Kiri

Province11

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.6 2.0 3.5 3.9

5.0 3.5 4.7 6.3 7.2 8.8 10 8 6 4 2

0.1 0.2 0.3 Females 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.2 3.0 3.5 4.8 4.0 4.6 5.8 7.0 8.7 2 4 6 8 10

0 Percent

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 102.2, Urban: 104.2, Rural: 101.6. The sex ratio is generally high for the province.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 85.3 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Mondol Kiri As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportion of Sex single (never married) Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never category is higher Married 23.9 69.0 5.0 1.8 0.3 among males. The Both sexes proportion of married Males 28.1 69.2 1.8 0.7 0.2 is nearly the same for Females 19.6 68.9 8.1 3.0 0.4 both males and females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. However, the literacy rates in general are very low in the province.

159

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Mondol Kiri Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province11

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 24,484 8,027 32.8 5,429 2,851 52.5 19,055 5,176 27.2 12,380 5,330 43.0 2,776 1,703 61.4 9,604 3,627 37.8 12,104 2,697 22.3 2,653 1,148 43.3 9,451 1,549 16.4

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 56.9 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 23.7 percent and 13.2 percent respectively. Those among the literate population who have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class form 2.8 percent. Persons with secondary level qualification form 3.1 percent. Only 0.3 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 63.4 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 53.6.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 15,550 of which 7,151 or about 46 percent are females. The economic activity rates are higher for males. The unemployment rates are the same for both males and females at the province level. In the urban areas, however, the unemployment rate is higher for females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Mondol Kiri Total/ Urban/ Rural Economic Activity Rate Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females Total 62.9 67.1 58.6 7.3 7.3 7.3 Urban 51.4 59.5 42.9 6.2 4.5 8.6 Rural 66.2 69.3 63.0 7.6 8.0 7.1 Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 75.6 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 5.0 percent and 19.4 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (53.4 percent) outnumber men. VI. Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 14,821 which is 45.7 percent of the province population

160

Among these migrants, males constitute 52.6 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (54.9 percent) is higher than that in rural areas (43.2 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4). Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, Table 5 gives the Mondol Kiri percentage distribution of migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A Previous Residence Both Males Females sizeable proportion of Sexes migrants had changed Within the province 59.8 57.7 62.1 their residence because of From another province 33.4 35.0 31.7 the reason "family From outside Cambodia 6.8 7.3 6.2 moved". The proportion of female migrants is high under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving " In search of employment " is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Mondol Kiri Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Province11

Both Sexes
100 9.8 19.6 0.7 4.5 34.6 2.6 22.0 6.2

Males
100 15.3 26.7 0.8 5.6 22.9 2.3 20.4 6.0

Females
100 3.6 11.6 0.5 3.3 47.9 2.9 23.9 6.3

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Mondol Kiri

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
er sf o W rk pl e ac h rc p Em ym lo

Males Females

t en uc Ed

io at

n M

ria ar

ge Fa ily m

ed ov m es it i am

/In

ity ur ec s R

ep

ria at

tio

th O

er

a Tr

a Se

al

161

VII.

Household Amenities

Province11

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 7.6 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 11.9 and 6.3 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Mondol Kiri Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 1.2 0.4 24.4 65.9 6.0 2.1

Urban Rural 100 100 3.1 0.6 0.3 0.4 51.9 16.5 31.8 75.8 8.5 5.3 4.4 1.4

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Mondol Kiri

Tube/Pipe Well Dug Well

Bought Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps and other sources (e.g. oil lamp) for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 8.6. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 19.0.

162

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Mondol Kiri

Province11

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

City Power
2.8 4.9 2.2

Generator

100 100 100

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 2.1 3.7 47.9 1.5 42.0 4.9 9.2 56.6 3.0 21.4 1.2 2.1 45.4 1.1 48.0

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Mondol Kiri Toilet facility within premises is available only to a small percentage of households in the Total / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is somewhat better. Total 11.4 Urban 35.5 Fuel for Cooking Rural 4.4 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Mondol Kiri Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
0.2 0.3 0.1

Others

100 100 100

97.6 95.9 98.1

0.5 1.6 0.2

1.5 1.5 1.4

0.2 0.7 0.2

163

Province11

Table P-11. Final Population Totals, Mondol Kiri Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Mondol Kiri - Total - Urban - Rural Kaev Seima Chong Phlah Me Mang Srae Chhuk Srae Khtum Srae Preah Kaoh Nheaek Nang Khi Loek Ou Buon Leu Roya Sokh Sant Srae Huy Srae Sangkom Ou Reang Dak Dam Saen Monourom Pechr Chenda Krang Teh Pou Chri Srae Ampum Bu Sra Saen Monourom (U) Monourom Sokh Dom Spean Mean Chey Romonea Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 11

5,657 1,276 4,381 1,643 542 181 361 419 140 1,525 248 153 196 214 133 581 390 174 216 823 171 160 113 379 1,276 169 341 499 267

32,407 7,032 25,375 8,854 2,743 1,053 1,808 2,551 699 8,919 1,566 831 1,128 1,310 843 3,241 2,473 1,007 1,466 5,129 1,011 956 737 2,425 7,032 897 1,835 2,730 1,570

16,380 3,589 12,791 4,655 1,511 520 888 1,391 345 4,380 788 409 552 619 402 1,610 1,200 485 715 2,556 495 477 366 1,218 3,589 474 965 1,392 758

16,027 3,443 12,584 4,199 1,232 533 920 1,160 354 4,539 778 422 576 691 441 1,631 1,273 522 751 2,573 516 479 371 1,207 3,443 423 870 1,338 812

102.2 104.2 101.6 110.9 122.6 97.6 96.5 119.9 97.5 96.5 101.3 96.9 95.8 89.6 91.2 98.7 94.3 92.9 95.2 99.3 95.9 99.6 98.7 100.9 104.2 112.1 110.9 104.0 93.3

5.7 5.5 5.7 5.2 4.9 5.8 5.0 5.6 5.0 5.8 6.3 5.4 5.8 6.1 6.3 5.5 6.3 5.8 6.7 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.4 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.9

01 01 02 03 04 05 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 03 01 02 04 01 02 03 04 05 01 02 03 04

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

164

Province 12 Phnom Penh

Municipality

165

PHNOM PENH MUNICIPALITY

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province12

Phnom Penh with seven districts is entirely a municipality. Four of its districts form the urban portion containing the capital. The remaining three districts constitute the rural portion. Phnom Penh municipality has a population of 999,804, comprising 481,911 males and 517,893 females. The percentage of female population is 51.8. The seven districts of Phnom Penh municipality have 76 communes and 637 villages. The population of this municipality constitutes 8.7 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Phnom Penh

01 Chamkar Mon

187,082

02 Doun Penh

131,913

03 Prampir Meakkakra

96,192

04 Tuol Kouk

154,968

05 Dangkao

92,461

06 Mean Chey

157,112

07 Ruessei Kaev

180,076

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

Density of population in the municipality is 3,448 per km2 which is the highest among all the provinces. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The districts or Khands of Chamkar Mon, Doun Penh, Prampir Meakkakra and Tuol Kouk constitute the urban portion of the municipality. The percentage of urban population in the municipality is about 57, which is very much higher than the national average of 15.7. Phnom Penh (urban) accounts for 32 percent or nearly one third of the urban population in the country.

166

250,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Phnom Penh

Province12

II. (iv)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the municipality is 167,758 comprising a population of 950,542 which gives an average household size of 5.7.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 28.7 and 71.3 respectively. About 66.5 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is 53.3.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 33.1 percent of the total population. The proportion of female children (31.3 percent) is less than that of male children (35.1 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 64.1 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 2.8 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 58.2 percent.

167

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Phnom Penh

Province12

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 2.0 2.4

3.5 4.0 4.9 4.0 6.6 6.5 5.8 4.6 10

25

0.3 0.3 0.5 Females 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.1 3.5 4.0 4.8 4.4 7.9 6.2 5.6 4.4

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

2
10 15

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total municipality and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 93.1, Urban: 94.6, Rural: 91.0. The sex ratio is higher in the urban portion. (iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 56.1 percent reveals the lesser dependency that the productive population bears in Phnom Penh municipality compared to other provinces.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Phnom Penh As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 38.6 53.3 5.4 2.4 0.3 categories among Males 42.5 55.7 1.0 0.7 0.1 males are higher than 35.2 51.3 9.3 3.7 0.5 the corresponding Females proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas.
168

Table 2. Literate Population and Literacy Rates, Phnom Penh Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province12

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + Population Literate 859,215 710,233 82.7 500,553 432,686 86.4 358,662 277,547 77.4 409,683 360,873 88.1 241,200 220,253 91.3 168,483 140,620 83.5 449,532 349,360 77.7 259,353 212,433 81.9 190,179 136,927 72.0

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that 41.2 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 28.1 percent and 17.4 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.1) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 9.2 percent. Only 3.0 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 48.0 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 34.7.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the municipality is 423,747 of which 191,924 or 45.3 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males, the unemployment rates are higher for females. The unemployment rates are not very different in urban and rural areas. In the case of females, however, the unemployment rate is higher in urban parts (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Phnom Penh Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 49.1 56.3 42.5 12.6 8.9 17.0 47.8 56.5 39.7 12.9 8.7 18.5 50.9 56.0 46.4 12.2 9.2 15.3

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that about 9.9 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 22.2 percent and 67.9 percent respectively. In the tertiary sector, about 40 percent are women.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 733,745 which is 73.4 percent of the population of the municipality. Among these migrants, males constitute 47.3 percent. The percentage

169

of migrants in urban areas (79.2 percent) is more than that in rural areas (65.6 percent). Majority of the migrants have moved in from other provinces (Table 4).
Province12

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution of Phnom Penh migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Males Females migrants had changed Sexes their residence because Within the municipality 40.6 41.6 39.7 of the reason "family From another province 53.9 52.4 55.2 moved". The proportion From outside Cambodia 5.5 6.0 5.1 of female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving "in search of employment" is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Phnom Penh Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes
100 9.0 20.7 4.0 3.9 48.5 1.0 7.2 5.7

Males
100 14.1 23.2 5.6 5.1 39.6 1.0 6.4 5.0

Females
100 4.5 18.4 2.6 2.8 56.4 1.0 7.9 6.4

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Phnom Penh

60 50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
rW fe ns k or pl e ac h rc pl Em m oy t en Ed n e ily m Fa ed ov m es it i m a ity ur ec R n er

Males Females

at uc

io

g ria ar M

s /In

ep

a tri

tio

th O

a Tr

a Se

al

170

VII.

Household Amenities

Province12

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle 85.4 percent of the households in the municipality have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 97.7 and 69.3 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Phnom Penh Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 44.7 5.9 4.8 9.6 34.8 0.2

Urban Rural 100 100 64.4 19.0 3.3 9.2 1.2 9.4 0.9 21.0 30.0 41.1 0.2 0.3

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Phnom Penh

Piped water

Tube/Pipe Well

Other Spring, river etc.

Dug Well Bought

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the municipality use city power for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 80.2. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 93.4.

171

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Phnom Penh

Province12

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 75.5 90.5 56.1

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 1.9 2.8 17.5 1.5 0.8 1.2 1.7 5.3 0.4 0.9 2.7 4.1 33.4 3.0 0.7

Toilet Facility
Toilet facility within about 75 percent municipality (Table about 90 percent of facility.

Fuel for Cooking

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Phnom Penh premises is available to of households in the Total / Percentage 8). In the urban areas Urban / Rural the households have this Total 74.9 Urban 89.9 Rural 55.4

Firewood as fuel for cooking is used by a majority of households in the rural areas (Table 9). In the urban areas charcoal is more popular. About one in four households, use LPG in the urban areas.

Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Phnom Penh Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 5.0 16.3 1.2 7.0 25.7 1.7 2.5 4.2 0.5

100 100 100

43.1 22.0 70.5

34.4 43.6 22.3

172

Province12

Table P-12. Final Population Totals, Phnom Penh Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Code Commune 12 Phnom Penh - Total - Urban - Rural Chamkar Mon (U) Tonle Basak Boeng Keng Kang Muoy Boeng Keng Kang Pir Boeng Keng Kang Bei Oulampik Tuol Svay Prey Muoy Tuol Svay Prey Pir Tumnob Tuek Tuol Tumpung Pir Tuol Tumpung Muoy Boeng Trabaek Phsar Daeum Thkov Doun Penh (U) Phsar Thmei Muoy Phsar Thmei Pir Phsar Thmei Bei Boeng Reang Phsar Kandal Muoy Phsar Kandal Pir Chakto Mukh Chey Chumneah Phsar Chas Srah Chak Voat Phnum Prampir Meakkakra (U) Ou Ruessei Muoy Ou Ruessei Pir Ou Ruessei Bei Ou Ruessei Buon Monourom Mittakpheap Veal Vong Boeng Prolit Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

173,678 97,296 76,382 32,366 8,823 2,408 2,049 3,841 1,549 2,208 1,793 2,334 1,371 1,672 1,558 2,760 22,203 1,234 1,305 2,275 1,272 1,817 1,352 2,171 2,004 1,387 5,945 1,441 16,529 1,621 1,874 1,498 1,569 2,212 2,170 3,684 1,901

999,804 570,155 429,649 187,082 44,513 14,405 12,055 22,700 9,799 13,575 11,589 13,720 8,594 10,422 9,452 16,258 131,913 7,447 7,771 13,154 7,714 11,223 7,954 12,501 12,980 8,287 34,115 8,767 96,192 9,120 10,722 8,519 9,123 12,981 12,323 21,394 12,010

481,911 277,235 204,676 91,850 21,753 7,169 5,833 10,935 5,007 6,722 5,531 6,823 4,169 5,179 4,605 8,124 64,011 3,680 3,649 6,218 3,772 5,256 3,624 6,308 6,856 3,964 16,512 4,172 46,010 4,386 5,024 4,001 4,281 6,116 6,125 10,286 5,791

517,893 292,920 224,973 95,232 22,760 7,236 6,222 11,765 4,792 6,853 6,058 6,897 4,425 5,243 4,847 8,134 67,902 3,767 4,122 6,936 3,942 5,967 4,330 6,193 6,124 4,323 17,603 4,595 50,182 4,734 5,698 4,518 4,842 6,865 6,198 11,108 6,219

93.1 94.6 91.0 96.4 95.6 99.1 93.7 92.9 104.5 98.1 91.3 98.9 94.2 98.8 95.0 99.9 94.3 97.7 88.5 89.6 95.7 88.1 83.7 101.9 112.0 91.7 93.8 90.8 91.7 92.6 88.2 88.6 88.4 89.1 98.8 92.6 93.1

5.7 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.4 5.8 6.3 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.7 6.0 6.2 5.9 5.6 6.1 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.8 6.3

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

173

Province12

Table P-12. Final Population Totals, Phnom Penh Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Code Commune 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 07 01 02 03 04 05 Tuol Kouk (U) Phsar Depou Muoy Phsar Depou Pir Phsar Depou Bei Tuek L'ak Muoy Tuek L'ak Pir Tuek L'ak Bei Boeng Kak Muoy Boeng Kak Pir Phsar Daeum Kor Boeng Salang Dangkao Dangkao Trapeang Krasang Kouk Roka Phleung Chheh Roteh Chaom Chau Kakab Pong Tuek Prey Veaeng Samraong Kraom Prey Sa Krang Thnong Krang Pongro Prateah Lang Sak Sampov Cheung Aek Mean Chey Stueng Mean Chey Boeng Tumpun Preaek Pra Chbar Ampov Muoy Chbar Ampov Pir Chak Angrae Leu Chak Angrae Kraom Nirouth Ruessei Kaev Khmuonh Tuol Sangkae Svay Pak Kiloumaetr Lekh Prammuoy Phnom Penh Thmei Total Number of Households 26,198 1,645 1,798 1,699 2,362 1,718 2,936 2,587 4,260 2,658 4,535 17,565 2,035 554 1,068 695 3,395 3,184 1,053 563 810 892 564 461 765 412 1,114 27,443 5,552 5,150 1,969 1,754 4,428 2,913 3,151 2,526 31,374 1,120 4,691 2,160 2,366 3,191 Population Both Sexes 154,968 10,398 10,236 10,038 13,401 11,247 17,282 16,423 25,177 15,998 24,768 92,461 10,547 3,013 5,153 3,640 19,740 17,679 5,561 3,013 4,211 4,221 2,983 2,016 3,594 1,920 5,170 157,112 31,740 29,037 11,346 10,378 24,227 16,599 19,814 13,971 180,076 5,987 27,244 12,197 13,372 17,731 Males 75,364 5,187 4,956 4,806 6,373 5,397 8,614 7,734 12,478 7,801 12,018 44,791 5,185 1,430 2,563 1,719 9,852 8,341 2,615 1,477 2,059 2,003 1,521 952 1,682 919 2,473 74,500 15,099 14,047 5,510 4,980 11,799 7,637 8,567 6,861 85,385 3,003 13,107 5,814 6,439 8,812 Females 79,604 5,211 5,280 5,232 7,028 5,850 8,668 8,689 12,699 8,197 12,750 47,670 5,362 1,583 2,590 1,921 9,888 9,338 2,946 1,536 2,152 2,218 1,462 1,064 1,912 1,001 2,697 82,612 16,641 14,990 5,836 5,398 12,428 8,962 11,247 7,110 94,691 2,984 14,137 6,383 6,933 8,919 Sex Ratio 94.7 99.5 93.9 91.9 90.7 92.3 99.4 89.0 98.3 95.2 94.3 94.0 96.7 90.3 99.0 89.5 99.6 89.3 88.8 96.2 95.7 90.3 104.0 89.5 88.0 91.8 91.7 90.2 90.7 93.7 94.4 92.3 94.9 85.2 76.2 96.5 90.2 100.6 92.7 91.1 92.9 98.8 Average Household Size (*) 5.9 6.3 5.7 5.9 5.6 6.5 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.7 5.2 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.5 5.6 6.0 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.5

174

Province12

Table P-12. Final Population Totals, Phnom Penh Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Code Commune 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Ruessei Kaev Tuek Thla Preaek Lieb Preaek Ta Sek Chrouy Changva Chrang Chamreh Muoy Chrang Chamreh Pir Total Number of Households 3,309 5,494 1,733 914 2,974 1,308 2,114 Population Both Sexes 18,742 33,139 10,617 4,936 16,427 7,233 12,451 Males 9,003 14,343 4,750 2,392 8,182 3,482 6,058 Females 9,739 18,796 5,867 2,544 8,245 3,751 6,393 Sex Ratio 92.4 76.3 81.0 94.0 99.2 92.8 94.8 Average Household Size (*) 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.8

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

175

Province 13 Preah Vihear

176

PREAH VIHEAR PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province13

Located in the plateau and mountain region, the northern province of Preah Vihear is bordering Lao People's Democratic Republic and Thailand. It has a population of 119,261, comprising 59,333 males and 59,928 females. The percentage of female population is 50.2. The province consists of 7 districts, 49 communes and 204 villages. The population of this province constitutes one percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Preah Vihear

01 Chey Saen

15,004

02 Chhaeb

12,450

03 Choam Khsant

16,073

04 Kuleaen

13,829

05 Rovieng

26,552

06 Sangkom Thmei

13,773

07 Tbaeng Mean Chey

21,580

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Density of population in the province is 9 per km2 which is very much lower than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Tbaeng Mean Chey constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 18.1, which is higher than the national average of 15.7.

177

30,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Preah Vihear

Province13

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 21,007 comprising a population of 115,748 which gives an average household size of 5.5.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 18.7 and 81.3 respectively. About 50.9 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 39.5.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.6 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (43.6 percent) is less than that of male children (45.7 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 52.4 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.0 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 48.4 percent.

178

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Preah Vihear

Province13

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.8 3.0 3.4 4.3 3.7

5.6 6.4 7.9 8.4 10

25

0.2 0.3 0.5 Females 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.9 3.3 4.0 3.7 5.8 6.2 7.7 8.0

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

2
10 15

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 99.0, Urban: 98.7, Rural: 99.1. The sex ratio is marginally higher in rural areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 90.8 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+ Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Preah Vihear

As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never married) Married and married Both 26.9 64.6 6.2 2.0 0.3 categories among sexes males are higher than 31.0 66.5 1.5 0.8 0.2 the corresponding Males Females 23.0 62.8 10.6 3.1 0.5 proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men.

IV.

LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

179

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Preah Vihear Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province13

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 91,048 44,295 48.7 16,816 9,237 54.9 74,232 35,058 47.2 44,854 25,579 57.0 8,287 5,261 63.5 36,567 20,318 55.6 46,194 18,716 40.5 8,529 3,976 46.6 37,665 14,740 39.1

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 76.2 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 14.3 percent and 5.6 percent respectively. A small percentage (2.4) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.4 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 80.8 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 72.8.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 56,644 of which 28,241 or 49.9 percent are females. The economic activity rates are higher for males. The unemployment rate is the same for both sexes in the province as a whole though it is different at the urban and rural levels (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Preah Vihear Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 61.9 63.0 60.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 52.1 56.2 48.1 4.5 3.4 5.8 64.2 64.5 63.8 2.3 2.5 2.1

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 83.7 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.0 percent and 15.3 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (56.2 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 24,456 which is 20.5 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 57.7 percent. The percentage of migrants in

180

urban areas (50.1 percent) is more than that in rural areas (14.0 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
Province13

Table 5 gives the percentage distribution of migrants by reason for migration and sex. A sizeable proportion of Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous migrants had changed their Residence, Preah Vihear residence because of the reason "family moved". The Percentage of migrants proportion of female migrants Previous Residence Both Males Females Sexes is higher under this reason. 66.7 64.3 70.0 The percentage of migrants Within the province 31.8 34.3 28.4 moving due to" transfer of From another province 1.5 1.4 1.6 work place " is higher among From outside Cambodia males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Preah Vihear Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes
100 21.4 10.1 1.9 11.4 36.2 8.4 2.7 7.9

Males
100 33.0 11.6 2.3 12.5 22.9 8.4 2.6 6.7

Females
100 5.7 8.1 1.3 9.8 54.2 8.3 2.9 9.7

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Preah Vihear

60 50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
rW fe ns ra k or e ac pl ch ar Se Em t en ym o pl n tio ca du e ag rri a ed ov m i am al C ity ur ec s In s/ tie n io at er

Males Females

ily m Fa

ri at ep R

th O

181

VII.

Household Amenities

Province13

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 17.7 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 53.4 and 9.1 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Preah Vihear Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 1.3 15.8 31.6 34.4 0.6 16.3

Urban Rural 100 100 0.6 1.5 50.7 7.5 29.6 32.0 15.9 38.9 2.1 0.1 1.1 20.0

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Preah Vihear

Dug Well

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water

Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Usage of kerosene for lighting is more popular in urban than in rural areas (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 3.7. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 10.4. Majority of households in rural areas use other types of light (e.g. oil lamp).

182

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Preah Vihear

Province13

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 1.7 4.3 1.0

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 1.2 0.8 45.8 0.4 50.1 3.3 2.8 71.3 0.6 17.7 0.7 0.3 39.7 0.3 58.0

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Preah Vihear Toilet facility within premises is available only to a very small percentage of households in Total / Percentage the province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is slightly better. Total 4.9 Urban 15.0 Fuel for Cooking Rural 2.5 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportion of households using charcoal is higher in urban areas. Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Preah Vihear Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Others Petroleum Gas (LPG) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.2

Toilet Facility

100 100 100

98.4 95.9 99.0

1.0 3.5 0.2

183

Province13

Table P-13. Final Population Totals, Preah Vihear Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Preah Vihear - Total - Urban - Rural Chey Saen S'ang Tasu Khyang Chrach Yhmea Putrea Chhaeb Chhaeb Muoy Chhaeb Pir Sangkae Muoy Sangkae Pir Mlu Prey Muoy Mlu Prey Pir Kampong Sralau Muoy Kampong Sralau Pir Choam Khsant Choam Ksant Tuek Kraham Pring Thum Rumdaoh Srae Yeang Kantuot Kuleaen Kuleaen Tboung Kuleaen Cheung Thmei Phnum Penh Phnum Tbaeng Pir Srayang Rovieng Robieb Reaksmei Rohas Rung Roeang Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 13

21,491 4,133 17,358 2,461 365 295 459 393 342 607 2,132 473 284 243 169 205 182 345 231 3,116 931 485 262 828 394 216 2,462 530 504 369 474 415 170 4,739 723 225 350 564

119,261 21,580 97,681 15,004 2,167 1,712 2,850 2,478 2,217 3,580 12,450 2,781 1,741 1,360 1,016 1,155 1,059 2,047 1,291 16,073 4,702 2,593 1,472 3,967 2,258 1,081 13,829 3,056 2,869 1,919 2,904 2,300 781 26,552 3,973 1,280 2,048 3,091

59,333 10,719 48,614 7,346 1,089 829 1,427 1,172 1,118 1,711 6,017 1,335 851 749 456 542 492 993 599 8,478 2,609 1,395 699 2,203 1,045 527 6,805 1,517 1,444 974 1,394 1,100 376 13,263 1,897 661 991 1,509

59,928 10,861 49,067 7,658 1,078 883 1,423 1,306 1,099 1,869 6,433 1,446 890 611 560 613 567 1,054 692 7,595 2,093 1,198 773 1,764 1,213 554 7,024 1,539 1,425 945 1,510 1,200 405 13,289 2,076 619 1,057 1,582

99.0 98.7 99.1 95.9 101.0 93.9 100.3 89.7 101.7 91.5 93.5 92.3 95.6 122.6 81.4 88.4 86.8 94.2 86.6 111.6 124.7 116.4 90.4 124.9 86.2 95.1 96.9 98.6 101.3 103.1 92.3 91.7 92.8 99.8 91.4 106.8 93.8 95.4

5.5 5.2 5.6 6.1 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.3 6.5 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.1 5.6 6.0 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.5 4.8 5.7 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.2 6.1 5.5 4.6 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.5

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 05 01 02 03 04

184

Province13

Table P-13. Final Population Totals, Preah Vihear Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Rik Reay Ruos Roan Rotanak Rieb Roy Reaksa Rumdaoh Romtom Romoniy Sangkom Thmei Chamraeun Ro'ang Phnum Tbaeng Muoy Sdau Ronak Ser Tbaeng Mean Chey (U) Kampong Pranak Pal Hal Chhean Mukh Pou Prame Preah Khleang Total Number of Households 256 270 337 162 387 376 530 559 2,448 743 689 255 342 419 4,133 1,430 1,473 280 331 364 255 Population Both Sexes 1,590 1,591 1,934 860 2,167 2,047 2,886 3,085 13,773 4,413 3,968 1,293 1,763 2,336 21,580 7,827 7,514 1,490 1,753 1,725 1,271 Males 790 764 906 399 1,088 1,035 1,408 1,815 6,705 2,109 1,955 587 827 1,227 10,719 3,963 3,788 743 857 766 602 Females 800 827 1,028 461 1,079 1,012 1,478 1,270 7,068 2,304 2,013 706 936 1,109 10,861 3,864 3,726 747 896 959 669 Sex Ratio 98.8 92.4 88.1 86.6 100.8 102.3 95.3 142.9 94.9 91.5 97.1 83.1 88.4 110.6 98.7 102.6 101.7 99.5 95.6 79.9 90.0 Average Household Size (*) 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.0 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.0

Code 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 06 01 02 03 04 05 07 01 02 03 04 05 06

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

185

Province 14 Prey Veaeng

186

PREY VEAENG PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province14

Located in the plain region, Prey Veaeng province has Viet Nam on its southern border. It has a population of 946,042, comprising 445,140 males and 500,902 females. The percentage of female population is 52.9. The province consists of 12 districts, 116 communes and 1,136 villages. The population of this province constitutes 8.3 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Prey Veaeng

01 Ba Phnum 02 Kamchay Mear 03 Kampong Trabaek 04 Kanhchriech 05 Me Sang 06 Peam Chor 07 Peam Ro 08 Pea Reang 09 Preah Sdach 10 Prey Veaeng 11 Kampong Leav 12 Sithor Kandal 55,054 56,036

71,662 71,284 106,555

92,359 66,413 63,534 107,958 106,459 86,932

61,796

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Density of population in the province is 194 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Kampong Leav constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 5.8, which is less than the national average of 15.7.

187

140,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Prey Veaeng

Province14

II. (I)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 192,735 comprising a population of 934,782 which gives an average household size of 4.9.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 31.2 and 68.8 respectively. About 55.9 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 44.6.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 42.7 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (39.6 percent) is less than that of male children (46.3 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 53.5 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.8 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 49.4 percent.

188

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Prey Veaeng

Province14

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.4 2.4 2.8 3.5 3.1

6.0 7.7 7.9 6.2 10 8 6 4 2

0.2 0.4 0.6 Females 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.6 3.3 3.6 4.3 3.8 6.1 7.4 7.6 6.0 2 4 6 8 10

0 Percent

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 88.9, Urban: 91.3, Rural: 88.7. The sex ratio is higher in urban areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 86.9 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(IV)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Prey Veaeng As shown in Table 1. Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never married) Marrie and married categories Both sexes 28.5 62.5 6.5 2.1 0.4 among males are 30.9 66.4 1.8 0.7 0.2 higher than the Males Females 26.5 59.5 10.2 3.2 0.6 corresponding proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

189

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Prey Veaeng

Province14

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 768,686 495,179 64.4 45,098 30,930 68.6 723,588 464,249 64.2 354,888 263,835 74.3 21,167 16,626 78.5 333,721 247,209 74.1 413,798 231,344 55.9 23,931 14,304 59.8 389,867 217,040 55.7

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 69.6 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 20.9 percent and 6.5 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.8) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.1 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 77.9 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 62.3.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 459,297 of which 260,416 or 56.7 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are lower for males the unemployment rates are nearly the same for males and females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are slightly higher than those for rural areas (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Prey Veaeng Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate Both Sexes 59.6 58.2 59.7 Males 55.9 57.2 55.8 Females 62.8 59.0 63.1

Unemployment Rate Both sexes 3.0 3.4 3.0 Males 3.0 3.2 3.0 Females 2.9 3.5 2.9

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 90.4 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.2 percent and 8.4 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (58.7 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 170,849 which is 18.1 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 51.8 percent. The percentage of migrants in

190

urban areas (33.1 percent) is more than that in rural areas (17.1 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
Province14

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution of Prey Veaeng migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Sexes Males Females migrants had changed Within the province 78.6 79.7 77.5 their residence because From another province 17.0 16.1 18.0 of the reason "marriage". From outside Cambodia 4.4 4.2 4.5 The proportion of female migrants is lower under this reason. "Family moved" is the reason for the migration of a little more than one-fourth of the migrants.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Prey Veaeng Reason for migration Both Sexes Males Females Total 100 100 100 Transfer of work place 7.2 10.8 3.4 In search of employment 9.9 10.7 9.0 Education 2.2 3.3 0.9 Marriage 29.0 36.4 21.0 Family moved 25.9 16.9 35.6 Natural Calamities/insecurity 4.9 4.2 5.7 Repatriation/Return after displacement 14.2 11.7 16.8 Other Reasons 6.7 6.0 7.6 Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Prey Veaeng

40 30
Percent

20 10 0
rW fe ns ra k or e ac pl ch ar Se Em

Males Females

t en ym o pl

n tio ca du

e ag rri a M

ily m Fa

ed ov m i am al C

it y ur ec s In s/ tie

ri at ep R

n io at

th O

er

191

VII.

Household Amenities

Province14

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 54.5 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 65.4 and 53.9 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Prey Veaeng Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 2.0 51.8 27.5 15.4 0.7 2.6

Urban Rural 100 100 2.5 2.0 61.1 51.3 6.4 28.7 18.3 15.2 1.8 0.6 9.9 2.2

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Prey Veaeng

Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water

Other Bought

Spring, river etc.

Dug Well

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 3.9. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 19.6.

192

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Prey Veaeng

Province14

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 3.0 17.9 2.1

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.4 0.5 89.8 6.2 0.1 0.9 0.8 72.5 7.8 0.1 0.4 0.5 90.8 6.1 0.1

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Prey Veaeng Toilet facility within premises is available only Total / to a small percentage of households in the Urban / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Rural position is little better. Total 4.3 Urban 15.0 Fuel for Cooking Rural 3.7
Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas.

Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Prey Veaeng Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Others Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.1 0.4 5.3 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.1 0.4 5.5

100 100 100

92.0 92.1 92.0

1.2 6.0 1.0

193

Province14

Table P-14. Final Population Totals, Prey Veaeng Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Prey Veaeng - Total - Urban - Rural Ba Phnum Boeng Preah Cheung Phnum Chheu Kach Reaks Chey Roung Damrei Sdau Kaong Spueu Ka Spueu Kha Theay Kamchay Mear Cheach Doun Koeng Kranhung Krabau Seang Khveang Smaong Cheung Smaong Tboung Trabaek Kampong Trabaek Ansaong Cham Cheang Daek Chrey Kansaom Ak Kou Khchak Kampong Trabaek Peam Montear Prasat Pratheat Prey Chhor Prey Poun Thkov Kanhchriech Chong Ampil Kanhchriech Kdoeang Reay Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 14

194,185 10,918 183,267 15,317 2,451 1,422 1,615 1,466 1,641 1,779 1,699 1,259 1,985 15,002 2,196 1,365 2,062 1,500 1,842 2,795 2,102 1,140 22,364 1,283 2,198 1,808 1,251 1,844 2,793 1,478 1,966 2,063 1,756 1,340 1,427 1,157 12,091 1,580 1,233 2,276

946,042 55,054 890,988 71,662 11,099 7,079 7,500 7,313 8,130 7,933 7,900 5,446 9,262 71,284 10,178 6,508 10,356 7,407 8,440 13,483 9,890 5,022 106,555 5,910 10,610 8,612 5,729 8,338 12,959 7,286 10,236 10,070 8,701 6,490 6,287 5,327 56,036 7,175 5,822 10,484

445,140 26,271 418,869 33,479 5,154 3,351 3,482 3,376 3,820 3,720 3,716 2,538 4,322 33,184 4,706 3,046 4,939 3,605 3,878 6,272 4,558 2,180 50,178 2,752 5,030 4,094 2,670 3,879 5,946 3,446 5,008 4,768 4,241 2,988 2,938 2,418 25,626 3,407 2,675 4,842

500,902 28,783 472,119 38,183 5,945 3,728 4,018 3,937 4,310 4,213 4,184 2,908 4,940 38,100 5,472 3,462 5,417 3,802 4,562 7,211 5,332 2,842 56,377 3,158 5,580 4,518 3,059 4,459 7,013 3,840 5,228 5,302 4,460 3,502 3,349 2,909 30,410 3,768 3,147 5,642

88.9 91.3 88.7 87.7 86.7 89.9 86.7 85.8 88.6 88.3 88.8 87.3 87.5 87.1 86.0 88.0 91.2 94.8 85.0 87.0 85.5 76.7 89.0 87.1 90.1 90.6 87.3 87.0 84.8 89.7 95.8 89.9 95.1 85.3 87.7 83.1 84.3 90.4 85.0 85.8

4.9 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.5 5.0 4.6 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 04 01 02 03

194

Province14

Table P-14. Final Population Totals, Prey Veaeng Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Kouk Kong Kaeut Kouk Kong Lech Preal Thma Pun Tnaot Me Sang Angkor Sar Chres Chi Phoch Prey Khnes Prey Rumdeng Prey Totueng Svay Chrum Trapeang Srae Peam Chor Angkor Angk Kampong Prasat Kaoh Chek Kaoh Roka Kaoh Sampov Krang Ta Yang Preaek Krabau Preaek Sambuor Ruessei Srok Svay Phluoh Peam Ro Ba Baong Banlich Prasat Neak Loeang Peam Mean Chey Peam Ro Preaek Khsay Ka Preaek Khsay Kha Prey Kandieng Pea Reang Kampong Popil Kanhcham Kampong Prang Kampong Ruessei Mesa Prachan Preaek Ta Sar Total Number of Households 1,127 1,248 1,842 1,742 1,043 19,683 2,008 2,783 3,154 2,755 1,664 1,932 2,521 2,866 11,824 852 1,072 1,163 930 2,054 1,305 853 665 1,568 1,362 12,299 1,403 1,239 1,333 1,268 1,325 1,435 2,495 1,801 22,225 2,592 2,358 1,162 1,674 1,721 1,147 Population Both Sexes 4,991 6,020 8,428 8,126 4,990 92,359 9,510 13,368 14,809 11,816 8,194 9,322 12,315 13,025 66,413 5,500 5,698 6,774 5,150 11,005 6,855 5,123 3,757 8,468 8,083 63,534 6,912 6,605 7,109 6,478 6,836 7,469 12,971 9,154 107,958 12,756 10,837 6,006 8,229 8,749 6,049 Males 2,262 2,723 3,810 3,667 2,240 42,720 4,347 6,145 6,841 5,444 3,804 4,291 5,787 6,061 32,445 2,629 2,857 3,308 2,547 5,545 3,288 2,537 1,875 4,049 3,810 30,162 3,241 3,037 3,425 2,934 3,282 3,603 6,355 4,285 51,361 6,003 5,022 2,916 3,939 4,232 2,939 Females 2,729 3,297 4,618 4,459 2,750 49,639 5,163 7,223 7,968 6,372 4,390 5,031 6,528 6,964 33,968 2,871 2,841 3,466 2,603 5,460 3,567 2,586 1,882 4,419 4,273 33,372 3,671 3,568 3,684 3,544 3,554 3,866 6,616 4,869 56,597 6,753 5,815 3,090 4,290 4,517 3,110 Sex Ratio 82.9 82.6 82.5 82.2 81.5 86.1 84.2 85.1 85.9 85.4 86.7 85.3 88.6 87.0 95.5 91.6 100.6 95.4 97.8 101.6 92.2 98.1 99.6 91.6 89.2 90.4 88.3 85.1 93.0 82.8 92.3 93.2 96.1 88.0 90.7 88.9 86.4 94.4 91.8 93.7 94.5 Average Household Size (*) 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.5 5.6 6.4 5.3 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.9 5.2 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.6 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3

Code 04 05 06 07 08 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 08 01 02 03 04 05 06

195

Province14

Table P-14. Final Population Totals, Prey Veaeng Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Prey Pnov Prey Sniet Prey Sralet Reab Roka Preah Sdach Angkor Reach Banteay Chakrei Boeng Daol Chey Kampok Kampong Soeng Krang Svay Lvea Preah Sdach Reathor Rumchek Sena Reach Otdam Prey Veaeng Angkor Tret Chea Khlang Chrey Damrei Puon Me Bon Pean Roung Popueus Prey Khla Samraong Svay Antor Tuek Thla Kampong Leav (U) Baray Cheung Tuek Kampong Leav Pou Rieng Preaek Anteah Preaek Chrey Prey Kanlaong Ta Kao Sithor Kandal Ampil Krau Chrey Khmum Total Number of Households 3,261 1,203 2,135 2,248 2,724 20,865 2,005 2,493 1,891 1,709 2,238 1,460 1,319 2,137 1,329 2,343 1,941 18,829 1,620 1,484 2,271 1,778 1,293 2,658 997 1,599 1,728 1,769 1,632 10,918 918 1,089 2,887 1,184 1,481 1,257 1,021 1,081 12,768 1,129 1,083 Population Both Sexes 16,461 5,774 10,344 10,440 12,313 106,459 9,583 12,774 9,951 8,502 11,595 7,139 6,583 11,165 7,111 12,671 9,385 86,932 7,653 6,990 10,321 8,291 5,990 12,355 4,692 7,278 7,793 8,153 7,416 55,054 4,523 5,240 14,864 5,861 7,707 6,720 4,717 5,422 61,796 5,192 5,200 Males 7,842 2,741 4,937 5,004 5,786 50,420 4,476 6,069 4,608 4,027 5,506 3,401 3,162 5,365 3,518 6,099 4,189 40,480 3,555 3,220 4,919 3,871 2,717 5,746 2,176 3,384 3,634 3,870 3,388 26,271 2,101 2,528 7,341 2,824 3,649 3,222 2,063 2,543 28,814 2,451 2,415 Females 8,619 3,033 5,407 5,436 6,527 56,039 5,107 6,705 5,343 4,475 6,089 3,738 3,421 5,800 3,593 6,572 5,196 46,452 4,098 3,770 5,402 4,420 3,273 6,609 2,516 3,894 4,159 4,283 4,028 28,783 2,422 2,712 7,523 3,037 4,058 3,498 2,654 2,879 32,982 2,741 2,785 Sex Ratio 91.0 90.4 91.3 92.1 88.6 90.0 87.6 90.5 86.2 90.0 90.4 91.0 92.4 92.5 97.9 92.8 80.6 87.1 86.7 85.4 91.1 87.6 83.0 86.9 86.5 86.9 87.4 90.4 84.1 91.3 86.7 93.2 97.6 93.0 89.9 92.1 77.7 88.3 87.4 89.4 86.7 Average Household Size (*) 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.5 5.1 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.9 5.2 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.8

Code 07 08 09 10 11 09 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 10 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 11 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 12 01 02

196

Province14

Table P-14. Final Population Totals, Prey Veaeng Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Lve Pnov Ti Muoy Pnov Ti Pir Pou Ti Preaek Changkran Prey Daeum Thnoeng Prey Tueng Rumlech Ruessei Sanh Total Number of Households 1,073 1,179 699 961 1,350 878 1,571 1,410 1,435 Population Both Sexes 5,435 5,719 3,418 4,486 6,711 4,266 7,420 7,088 6,861 Males 2,531 2,716 1,580 1,987 3,149 2,059 3,478 3,282 3,166 Females 2,904 3,003 1,838 2,499 3,562 2,207 3,942 3,806 3,695 Sex Ratio 87.2 90.4 86.0 79.5 88.4 93.3 88.2 86.2 85.7 Average Household Size (*) 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.8

Code 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

197

Province 15 Pousat

198

POUSAT PROVINCE
I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province15

A province of the Tonle Sap region, Pousat is located on the western side of the country. It has a population of 360,445 comprising 172,890 males and 187,555 females. The percentage of female population is 52.0. . The province consists of 6 districts, 49 communes and 495 villages. Due to conflict, census enumeration could not be conducted in one district (Veal Veaeng). The population of this province constitutes 3.2 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Pousat

01 Bakan

121,229

02 Kandieng

53,335

03 Krakor

74,222

04 Phnum Kravanh

54,136

05 Sampov Meas

57,523

60,000

20,000

40,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Density of population in the province is 28 per km2 which is lower than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Sampov Meas constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 16 , which is nearly the same as the national average of 15.7.

199

140,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Pousat

Province15

II. (v)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 67,022 comprising a population of 350,655 which gives an average household size of 5.2.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male-headed households are 24.2 and 75.8 respectively. About 68 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 43.8.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 47.2 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (44.7 percent) is less than that of male children (50.0 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms about 50 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 2.8 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 45.1 percent.

200

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Pousat

Province15

Age

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 8.3 10 - 14 5 - 9 8.9 0-4

10

Males

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.0

5.6

0.2 0.3 0.5 Females 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.2 2.7 3.4 3.6 3.5 2.1 5.7 7.8 8.7

6.8 8 6 4 2 0 Percent 2 4 6

6.7 8 10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 92.2, Urban: 90.9, Rural: 92.4. The sex ratio is marginally higher in rural areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 100.1 percent reflects the very high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Pousat As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Widowed Divorced Separated Never Married single (never married) Marrie and married Both sexes 27.9 61.9 7.1 2.8 0.3 categories among Males 31.5 66.3 1.3 0.8 0.1 males are higher than Females 24.9 58.3 12.0 4.4 0.4 the corresponding proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas.
201

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Pousat

Province15

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 284,758 177,149 62.2 46,615 33,248 71.3 238,143 143,901 60.4 134,938 94,629 70.1 21,891 17,321 79.1 113,047 77,308 68.4 149,820 82,520 55.1 24,724 15,927 64.4 125,096 66,593 53.2

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 68.3 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 19.6 percent and 8.8 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.3) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.9 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 74.3 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 63.0.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 158,513 of which 84,917 or 53.6 percent are females. The differences between the male and female activity rates and unemployment rates are small at the province level (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Pousat Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 55.6 54.4 56.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 49.4 50.1 48.8 4.2 3.6 4.8 56.8 55.3 58.1 3.4 3.4 3.3

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 82.6 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 2.1 percent and 15.3 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (56.6 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 147,956 which is about 41 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 46.9 percent. The percentage of migrants in urban areas (47 percent) is higher than that in rural areas (40 percent).

202

Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).

Province15

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution of Pousat migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Males Females migrants had changed Sexes their residence because Within the province 76.0 75.0 76.8 of the reason "family From another province 18.4 19.2 17.8 moved". The proportion From outside Cambodia 5.6 5.8 5.4 of female migrants is very much higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving "In search of employment " is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Pousat Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Males Females Sexes 100 100 100 7.7 13.4 2.5 26.0 38.1 15.3 1.3 2.0 0.6 6.7 8.3 5.6 46.4 26.2 64.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 5.1 5.5 4.8 2.6 2.3 2.9

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Pousat

70 60 50
Percent

40 30 20 10 0
k pl or Em rW h fe c s ar an Se Tr e ac pl m oy t en n io at uc Ed ge ria ar ed ov m es it i m la a C ity ur ec s /In n io at tri a ep R th O er

Males Females

ily m Fa

203

VII.

Household Amenities

Province15

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 12.3 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 33.3 and 8.3 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Pousat Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 2.9 3.5 53.3 29.0 5.9 5.4

Urban Rural 100 100 11.0 1.3 1.1 4.0 31.1 57.5 34.7 28.0 21.2 3.0 0.9 6.2

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Pousat

Dug Well Bought

Tube/Pipe Well Piped water

Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 9.6. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 28.3.

204

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Pousat

Province15

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 8.0 26.1 4.5

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.8 0.8 88.1 2.0 0.3 1.0 1.2 71.0 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.8 91.4 2.2 0.1

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Pousat Toilet facility within premises is available only to a small percentage of households in the Total / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas, about Urban / Rural one in five households has this facility. Total 8.5 Urban 20.8 Fuel for Cooking Rural 6.2 Most of the households in the province use firewood as main fuel for cooking. The proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas (see Table 9). Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Pousat

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

Firewood

Charcoal

Kerosene

100 100 100

94.9 92.1 95.4

1.9 5.0 1.3

Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2.5 0.6 0.1 0.8 1.7 0.4 2.8 0.4 0.1

205

Province15

Table P-15. Final Population Totals, Pousat Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Pousat - Total - Urban - Rural Bakan Boeng Bat Kandaol Boeng Khnar Khnar Totueng Me Tuek Ou Ta Paong Rumlech Snam Preah Svay Doun Kaev Ta Lou Trapeang Chong Kandieng Anlong Vil Banteay Dei Kandieng Kanhchor Reang Til Srae Sdok Svay Luong Sya Veal Krakor Anlong Tnaot Ansa Chambak Boeng Kantuot Chheu Tom Kampong Luong Kampong Pou Kbal Trach Ou Sandan Sna Ansa Svay Sa Tnaot Chum Phnum Kravanh Bak Chenhchien Leach Phteah Rung Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 15

68,235 10,856 57,379 22,494 1,779 2,288 1,595 2,232 3,086 1,684 2,893 1,137 2,240 3,560 10,148 946 956 1,148 1,557 674 1,666 1,100 1,126 975 14,347 1,671 1,086 1,038 2,268 1,580 1,056 1,402 795 816 1,033 1,602 10,390 1,253 1,711 2,573

360,445 57,523 302,922 121,229 9,831 11,986 8,621 12,117 16,672 8,952 15,496 6,206 12,104 19,244 53,335 4,746 4,971 5,961 7,977 4,142 8,921 5,575 5,823 5,219 74,222 8,211 5,507 5,250 11,250 9,164 5,390 7,532 3,812 4,017 5,559 8,530 54,136 6,899 8,852 13,906

172,890 27,385 145,505 58,211 4,774 5,679 4,148 5,753 8,135 4,340 7,400 2,920 5,791 9,271 25,453 2,220 2,368 2,847 3,752 2,113 4,239 2,705 2,759 2,450 35,387 3,775 2,639 2,431 5,468 4,575 2,514 3,630 1,744 1,838 2,742 4,031 26,454 3,428 4,269 6,792

187,555 30,138 157,417 63,018 5,057 6,307 4,473 6,364 8,537 4,612 8,096 3,286 6,313 9,973 27,882 2,526 2,603 3,114 4,225 2,029 4,682 2,870 3,064 2,769 38,835 4,436 2,868 2,819 5,782 4,589 2,876 3,902 2,068 2,179 2,817 4,499 27,682 3,471 4,583 7,114

92.2 90.9 92.4 92.4 94.4 90.0 92.7 90.4 95.3 94.1 91.4 88.9 91.7 93.0 91.3 87.9 91.0 91.4 88.8 104.1 90.5 94.3 90.0 88.5 91.1 85.1 92.0 86.2 94.6 99.7 87.4 93.0 84.3 84.4 97.3 89.6 95.6 98.8 93.1 95.5

5.2 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.9 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.1 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.8 5.0 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.4

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 04 01 02 03

206

Province15

Table P-15. Final Population Totals, Pousat Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Commune Prongil Rokat Santreae Samraong Sampov Meas (U) Chamraeun Phal Kaoh Chum Lolok Sa Phteah Prey Prey Nhi Roleab Svay At Total Number of Households 1,586 862 723 1,682 10,856 996 1,183 1,686 3,173 933 2,116 769 Population Both Sexes 8,100 4,381 3,618 8,380 57,523 5,370 6,129 8,955 17,087 4,874 10,981 4,127 Males 3,998 2,141 1,757 4,069 27,385 2,642 2,942 4,245 8,161 2,226 5,194 1,975 Females 4,102 2,240 1,861 4,311 30,138 2,728 3,187 4,710 8,926 2,648 5,787 2,152 Sex Ratio 97.5 95.6 94.4 94.4 90.9 96.8 92.3 90.1 91.4 84.1 89.8 91.8 Average Household Size (*) 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.3

Code 04 05 06 07 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

207

Province 16 Rotanak Kiri

208

ROTANAK KIRI PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province16

Situated in the plateau and mountain region, bordering Viet Nam on the east and Lao Peoples Democratic Republic on the north, Rotanak Kiri province has a population of 94,243, comprising 46,396 males and 47,847 females. The percentage of female population is 50.8. The province consists of 9 districts, 50 communes and 240 villages. The population of this province constitutes 0.8 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Rotanak Kiri

01 Andoung Meas 02 Ban Lung 03 Bar Kaev 04 Koun Mom 05 Lumphat 06 Ou Chum 07 Ou Ya Dav 08 Ta Veaeng 09 Veun Sai 4,325

6,896 16,999 11,758 8,814 10,301 11,863 10,898

12,389

5,000

10,000

15,000

Density of population in the province is 9 per km2 which is much less than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Ban Lung constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 18.0, which is higher than the national average of 15.7.

209

20,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Rotanak Kiri

Province16

II. (vi)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 16,646 comprising a population of 93,507 which gives an average household size of 5.6.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 12.5 and 87.5 respectively. About 59.4 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 48.5.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.4 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (42.9 percent) is less than that of male children (45.9 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 52.1 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.5 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 49.2 percent.

210

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Rotanak Kiri

Province16

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.9 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.0 4.8

0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.2

Females

3.2 3.5 4.3 3.6 5.1 6.4 7.5 7.9

6.8 7.8 8.0 10 8 6 4 2 0 Percent 2 4 6

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 97.0, Urban: 101.8, Rural: 95.9. The sex ratio is higher in urban areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 91.9 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+ Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Rotanak Kiri

As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 20.9 71.6 5.1 2.1 0.3 categories among 24.5 73.6 1.1 0.7 0.1 males are higher than Males Females 17.7 69.9 8.7 3.3 0.4 the corresponding proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men.

IV.

LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. The literacy level is very low in the province as a whole. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas.

211

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Rotanak Kiri Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province16

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 72,919 17,100 23.5 13,122 7,684 58.6 59,797 9,416 15.7 35,584 11,376 32.0 6,626 4,590 69.3 28,958 6,786 23.4 37,335 5,724 15.3 6,496 3,094 47.6 30,839 2,630 8.5

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 62.9 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 20.0 percent and 10.3 percent respectively. About 4 percent of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 2.4 percent. Only 0.4 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 65.1 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 61.8.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 49,828 of which 25,203 or 50.6 percent are females. At the province level, the economic activity rate is slightly higher for males and the unemployment rate is the same for both males and females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced for females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Rotanak Kiri Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 68.2 69.0 67.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 53.8 61.9 45.5 9.4 7.1 12.5 71.3 70.6 72.0 2.0 2.2 1.8

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 88.6 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.4 percent and 10.0 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (53.8 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 18,956 which is 20.1 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 54.3 percent. The percentage of migrants in

212

urban areas (61.7 percent) is very much higher than that in rural areas (11.0 percent). While nearly half of the migrants have moved within the province, the proportion of migrants from another province is also considerable (Table 4).
Province16

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution of Rotanak Kiri migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Males Females Sexes migrants had changed 49.8 51.7 47.5 their residence because of Within the province 46.3 44.3 48.8 the reason "family From another province 3.9 4.0 3.7 moved". The proportion of From outside Cambodia female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving "In search of employment" is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Rotanak Kiri Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Males Females Sexes 100 100 100 8.2 12.5 3.1 28.6 33.8 22.7 0.9 1.1 0.6 9.3 12.7 5.4 44.4 32.2 58.8 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.9 4.5 3.9 5.1

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Rotanak Kiri

70 60 50
Percent

40 30 20 10 0
k or rW e sf an e ac pl ch ar Se m oy pl m E t en n io at uc Ed ge ria ar ed ov m es it i m la a C ity ur ec s /In n io at tri a ep R th O er

Males Females

ily m Fa

Tr

213

VII.

Household Amenities

Province16

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 5.5 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 16.2 and 3.0 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Rotanak Kiri Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 1.8 1.8 32.2 61.1 1.9 1.2

Urban Rural 100 100 7.8 0.3 0.6 2.1 53.8 27.1 26.2 69.3 7.8 0.6 3.8 0.6

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Rotanak Kiri

Dug Well

Bought Tube/Pipe Well Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of the households in the province use kerosene lamps and other sources, (e.g. oil lamp) for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 14.9. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 61.5.

214

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Rotanak Kiri

Province16

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 12.8 53.9 3.2

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.8 1.3 42.1 0.3 42.7 1.8 5.8 35.8 0.2 2.5 0.6 0.2 43.5 0.4 52.1

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Rotanak Kiri Toilet facility within premises is available only to a small percentage of households in the Total / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is somewhat better. Total 9.2 Urban 39.5 Fuel for Cooking Rural 2.1 Majority of households use firewood as main fuel for cooking while a small percentage, particularly in urban areas, use charcoal (Table 9). Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Rotanak Kiri Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Others Petroleum Gas (LPG) 0.9 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.0

100 100 100

96.2 89.9 97.7

1.6 7.5 0.2

215

Province16

Table P-16. Final Population Totals, Rotanak Kiri Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Rotanak Kiri - Total - Urban - Rural Andoung Meas Malik Mai Hie Nhang Ta Lav Ban Lung (U) Kachanh Labansiek Yeak Laom Bar Kaev Kak Ke Chong Laminh Lung Khung Saeung Ting Chak Koun Mom Serei Mongkol Srae Angkrong Ta Ang Toen Trapeang Chres Trapeang Kraham Lumphat Chey Otdam Ka Laeng La Bang Muoy La Bang Pir Ba Tang Seda Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 16

16,758 3,193 13,565 1,144 255 263 415 211 3,193 757 2,095 341 2,104 278 331 540 386 302 267 1,598 223 186 307 278 450 154 1,771 489 178 158 147 319 480

94,243 16,999 77,244 6,896 1,440 1,485 2,536 1,435 16,999 3,888 11,256 1,855 11,758 1,729 2,415 2,622 1,828 1,677 1,487 8,814 1,124 1,207 1,711 1,732 2,254 786 10,301 2,832 1,026 912 670 1,964 2,897

46,396 8,577 37,819 3,419 728 737 1,260 694 8,577 1,969 5,696 912 5,754 852 1,181 1,304 872 805 740 4,325 530 591 844 811 1,147 402 5,054 1,411 482 450 323 953 1,435

47,847 8,422 39,425 3,477 712 748 1,276 741 8,422 1,919 5,560 943 6,004 877 1,234 1,318 956 872 747 4,489 594 616 867 921 1,107 384 5,247 1,421 544 462 347 1,011 1,462

97.0 101.8 95.9 98.3 102.2 98.5 98.7 93.7 101.8 102.6 102.4 96.7 95.8 97.1 95.7 98.9 91.2 92.3 99.1 96.3 89.2 95.9 97.3 88.1 103.6 104.7 96.3 99.3 88.6 97.4 93.1 94.3 98.2

5.6 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.6 6.1 6.8 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.6 6.2 7.3 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.0 6.5 5.6 6.2 5.0 5.1 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 4.5 6.2 6.0

01 01 02 03 04 02 01 02 03 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 05 01 02 03 04 05 06

216

Province16

Table P-16. Final Population Totals, Rotanak Kiri Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Ou Chum Cha Ung Pouy Aekakpheap Kalai Ou Chum Sameakki L'ak Ou Ya Dav Bar Kham Lum Choar Pak Nhai Pate Sesant Saom Thum Ya Tung Ta Veaeng Ta Veaeng Leu Ta Veaeng Kraom Veun Sai Pong Hat Pak Ka Choun Kaoh Pang Kaoh Peak Kok Lak Pak Kalan Phnum Kok Veun Sai Total Number of Households 2,104 392 320 260 151 493 249 239 1,847 225 258 377 207 148 329 303 829 470 359 2,168 304 164 264 87 369 279 167 135 399 Population Both Sexes 11,863 1,733 1,696 1,752 820 3,090 1,424 1,348 10,898 1,392 1,385 2,156 1,329 921 1,964 1,751 4,325 2,399 1,926 12,389 1,795 978 1,397 545 2,087 1,312 943 889 2,443 Males 5,737 830 786 837 398 1,524 706 656 5,410 697 720 1,114 637 445 952 845 2,065 1,126 939 6,055 867 477 707 262 992 644 458 445 1,203 Females 6,126 903 910 915 422 1,566 718 692 5,488 695 665 1,042 692 476 1,012 906 2,260 1,273 987 6,334 928 501 690 283 1,095 668 485 444 1,240 Sex Ratio 93.7 91.9 86.4 91.5 94.3 97.3 98.3 94.8 98.6 100.3 108.3 106.9 92.1 93.5 94.1 93.3 91.4 88.5 95.1 95.6 93.4 95.2 102.5 92.6 90.6 96.4 94.4 100.2 97.0 Average Household Size (*) 5.6 4.4 5.3 6.8 5.4 6.3 5.7 5.6 5.9 6.2 5.4 5.6 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.3 6.3 5.7 4.7 5.7 6.6 6.1

Code 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 01 02 09 01 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

217

Province 17 Siem Reab

218

SIEM REAB PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province17

Situated in the Tonle Sap region. Siem Reab province has a population of 696,164, comprising 336,685 males and 359,479 females. The percentage of female population is 51.6. The province consists of 12 districts, 100 communes and 882 villages. The population of this province constitutes 6.1 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Siem Reab

01 Angkor Chum 02 Angkor Thum 03 Banteay Srei 04 Chi Kraeng 06 Kralanh 07 Puok 09 Prasat Bakong 10 Siem Reab 11 Soutr Nikom 12 Srei Snam 13 Svay Leu 14 Varin 12,869 19,818 26,738 17,750 32,271

48,476

106,727 56,915 110,863 54,129 119,528 90,080

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Density of population in the province is 68 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district (Siem Reab) named after the province constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 17.2, which is higher than the national average of 15.7.

219

140,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Siem Reab

Province17

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 125,387 comprising a population of 677,436 which gives an average household size of 5.4.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 27.6 and 72.4 respectively. About 56.5 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 40.9.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 45.3 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (43.0 percent) is less than that of male children (47.9 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 52.2 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 2.5 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 47.3 percent.
220

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Siem Reab

Province17

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.3

5.8 7.6 8.3 7.3 10

25

0.2 0.2 0.4 Females 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.4 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.6 5.9 7.3 7.9 7.0 2
10 15

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 93.7, Urban: 96.0, Rural: 93.2. The sex ratio is lower in rural areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 91.7 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Siem Reab As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Widowed Divorced Separated Never Married single (never married) Marrie and married Both sexes 31.2 59.6 7.0 1.9 0.3 categories among 34.2 63.2 1.8 0.7 0.1 males are higher than Males Females 28.7 56.6 11.3 2.9 0.5 the corresponding proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

221

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Siem Reab Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province17

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 548,824 264,304 48.2 96,460 64,036 66.4 452,364 200,268 44.3 261,617 145,355 55.6 46,824 34,380 73.4 214,793 110,975 51.7 287,207 118,949 41.4 49,636 29,656 59.7 237,571 89,293 37.6

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 73.2 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 16.3 percent and 5.9 percent respectively. A small percentage (2.6) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.8 percent. Only 0.2 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 77.5 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 69.7.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 320,206 of which 165,072 or 51.6 percent are females. At the total province level, the economic activity rate is higher for males and the unemployment rate is higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Siem Reab Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 58.2 59.1 57.4 4.6 3.9 5.3 48.6 55.3 42.3 8.4 6.4 10.9 60.3 60.0 60.5 4.0 3.4 4.4

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 82.5 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 2.4 percent and 15.1 percent respectively. In the primary sector, the proportion of women (55.0 percent) is higher.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 188,415 which is 27.1 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 50.1 percent. The percentage of migrants in
222

urban areas (54.7 percent) is more than that in rural areas (21.3 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
Province17

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution of Siem Reab migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Males Females migrants had changed Sexes their residence because Within the province 82.7 82.3 83.1 of the reason "family From another province 14.1 14.5 13.6 moved". The proportion From outside Cambodia 3.2 3.2 3.3 of female migrants is higher under this reason. The reason "repatriation / return after replacement" also accounts for a considerable proportion of migrants of both sexes.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Siem Reab Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes 100 8.0 7.7 2.7 14.6 29.9 3.8 after 28.1
5.2

Males
100 13.9 10.1 3.8 18.0 20.5 3.5 25.1 5.1

Females
100 2.1 5.4 1.6 11.1 39.5 4.1 31.0 5.2

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Siem Reab

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
k or rW e sf an e ac pl ch ar Se m oy pl m E

Males Females

t en

n io at uc Ed

ge ria ar

ily m Fa

ed ov m es it i m la a C

y rit cu se /In

n io at tri a ep R

th O

er

Tr

223

VII.

Household Amenities

Province17

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 13.4 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 47.1 and 6.8 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Siem Reab Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 0.6 12.2 69.7 10.9 0.6 6.0

Urban Rural 100 100 1.7 0.4 44.9 5.8 38.0 76.0 7.0 11.6 0.5 0.6 7.9 5.6

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Siem Reab

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well

Dug Well Piped water

Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of the households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 9.5. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 36.6.

224

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Siem Reab

Province17

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 7.6 30.9 3.0

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.8 1.1 88.8 1.6 0.1 1.9 3.8 59.3 3.9 0.2 0.5 0.6 94.6 1.2 0.1

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Siem Reab Toilet facility within premises is available to 6.6 percent of households in the province (Table Total / Percentage 8). In the urban areas the position is somewhat Urban / Rural better. Total 6.6 Urban 28.1 Fuel for Cooking Rural 2.4 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas. Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Siem Reab Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Others Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2.1 0.4 N 0.6 1.4 0.3 2.3 0.3 N

100 100 100

96.1 90.2 97.2

1.4 7.5 0.2

225

Province17

Table P-17. Final Population Totals, Siem Reab Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Siem Reab - Total - Urban - Rural Angkor Chum Char Chhuk Doun Peaeng Kouk Doung Koul Nokor Pheas Srae Khvav Ta Saom Angkor Thum Chob Ta Trav Leang Dai Peak Snaeng Svay Chek Banteay Srei Khnar Sanday Khun Ream Preak Dak Rumchek Run Ta Aek Tbaeng Chi Kraeng Anlong Samnar Chi Kraeng Kampong Kdei Khvav Kouk Thlok Kraom Kouk Thlok Leu Lveaeng Ruessei Pongro Kraom Pongro Leu Ruessei Lok Sangvaeuy Spean Tnaot Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 17

127,215 20,985 106,230 9,091 1,663 1,023 2,047 694 1,332 864 1,468 3,162 486 1,268 584 824 5,936 1,142 587 1,163 560 1,452 1,032 19,811 1,702 1,388 1,757 1,176 2,459 1,555 1,985 1,387 1,058 2,057 1,761 1,526

696,164 119,528 576,636 48,476 8,590 5,331 11,434 3,531 7,023 4,646 7,921 17,750 2,656 7,241 3,288 4,565 32,271 6,405 3,008 6,287 3,143 8,009 5,419 106,727 9,499 7,315 9,381 6,697 13,151 8,478 10,226 7,525 5,752 11,129 9,471 8,103

336,685 58,551 278,134 22,671 4,129 2,442 5,432 1,609 3,285 2,034 3,740 8,611 1,258 3,703 1,511 2,139 16,736 3,324 1,464 3,086 1,685 4,292 2,885 50,937 4,499 3,565 4,432 3,274 6,322 4,132 4,706 3,597 2,694 5,350 4,464 3,902

359,479 60,977 298,502 25,805 4,461 2,889 6,002 1,922 3,738 2,612 4,181 9,139 1,398 3,538 1,777 2,426 15,535 3,081 1,544 3,201 1,458 3,717 2,534 55,790 5,000 3,750 4,949 3,423 6,829 4,346 5,520 3,928 3,058 5,779 5,007 4,201

93.7 96.0 93.2 87.9 92.6 84.5 90.5 83.7 87.9 77.9 89.5 94.2 90.0 104.7 85.0 88.2 107.7 107.9 94.8 96.4 115.6 115.5 113.9 91.3 90.0 95.1 89.6 95.6 92.6 95.1 85.3 91.6 88.1 92.6 89.2 92.9

5.4 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 02 01 02 03 04 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

226

Province17

Table P-17. Final Population Totals, Siem Reab Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Kralanh Chonloas Dai Kampong Thkov Kralanh Krouch Kor Roung Kou Sambuor Saen Sokh Snuol Sranal Ta An Puok Sasar Sdam Doun Kaev Kdei Run Kaev Poar Khnat Krabei Riel Lvea Mukh Paen Pou Treay Puok Prey Chruk Reul Samraong Yea Tuek Vil Trei Nhoar Yeang Prasat Bakong Ampil Bakong Ballangk Kampong Phluk Kantreang Kandaek Mean Chey Roluos Trapeang Thum Siem Reab (U) Sla Kram Svay Dangkum Kouk Chak Total Number of Households 10,651 1,373 1,017 980 765 793 1,007 1,444 1,137 1,469 666 20,423 1,848 1,883 777 931 1,405 1,140 1,549 832 241 2,150 1,514 1,994 815 1,280 1,351 713 9,720 1,015 1,012 935 378 1,414 1,732 754 1,248 1,232 20,985 4,585 4,564 3,070 Population Both Sexes 56,915 6,851 5,603 5,376 4,026 4,262 5,535 7,782 6,110 7,820 3,550 110,863 9,908 10,014 4,143 5,229 7,332 6,210 8,633 4,518 1,348 11,753 8,146 10,800 4,502 7,267 7,411 3,649 54,129 5,600 5,557 5,195 2,376 7,640 9,642 4,322 6,937 6,860 119,528 25,684 26,682 16,641 Males 27,252 3,336 2,672 2,654 1,963 1,995 2,658 3,653 2,893 3,744 1,684 53,091 4,676 4,793 1,990 2,571 3,454 2,982 4,231 2,166 652 5,744 3,842 5,128 2,123 3,525 3,509 1,705 26,020 2,732 2,768 2,479 1,148 3,623 4,633 2,065 3,352 3,220 58,551 12,692 12,905 8,364 Females 29,663 3,515 2,931 2,722 2,063 2,267 2,877 4,129 3,217 4,076 1,866 57,772 5,232 5,221 2,153 2,658 3,878 3,228 4,402 2,352 696 6,009 4,304 5,672 2,379 3,742 3,902 1,944 28,109 2,868 2,789 2,716 1,228 4,017 5,009 2,257 3,585 3,640 60,977 12,992 13,777 8,277 Sex Ratio 91.9 94.9 91.2 97.5 95.2 88.0 92.4 88.5 89.9 91.9 90.2 91.9 89.4 91.8 92.4 96.7 89.1 92.4 96.1 92.1 93.7 95.6 89.3 90.4 89.2 94.2 89.9 87.7 92.6 95.3 99.2 91.3 93.5 90.2 92.5 91.5 93.5 88.5 96.0 97.7 93.7 101.1 Average Household Size (*) 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.5 6.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.3

Code 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 09 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 01 02 03

227

Province17

Table P-17. Final Population Totals, Siem Reab Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Sala Kamraeuk Nokor Thum Chreav Chong Khnies Sambuor Siem Reab Srangae Soutr Nikom Chan Sar Dam Daek Dan Run Kampong Khleang Kien Sangkae Khchas Khnar Pou Popel Samraong Ta Yaek Srei Snam Chrouy Neang Nguon Klang Hay Tram Sasar Moung Prei Slaeng Spean Svay Leu Boeng Mealea Kantuot Khnang Phnum Svay Leu Ta Siem Varin Prasat Lvea Krang Srae Nouy Svay Sa Varin Total Number of Households 2,556 647 1,157 687 478 2,339 902 16,356 1,531 2,493 1,860 1,397 1,668 1,359 958 1,660 1,585 1,845 5,114 1,140 588 943 647 813 983 2,459 512 155 362 1,025 405 3,507 778 407 806 664 852 Population Both Sexes 14,708 4,064 6,350 4,579 2,501 13,390 4,929 90,080 8,073 13,667 10,809 8,102 9,301 7,254 5,237 9,032 8,163 10,442 26,738 6,216 3,036 4,987 3,283 4,186 5,030 12,869 2,524 862 1,814 5,380 2,289 19,818 4,547 2,097 4,110 4,194 4,870 Males 7,179 2,110 3,061 2,249 1,186 6,411 2,394 43,365 3,903 6,561 5,247 3,854 4,414 3,455 2,707 4,340 3,836 5,048 12,557 2,901 1,488 2,258 1,501 1,969 2,440 6,716 1,296 465 897 2,796 1,262 10,178 2,340 1,001 1,988 2,321 2,528 Females 7,529 1,954 3,289 2,330 1,315 6,979 2,535 46,715 4,170 7,106 5,562 4,248 4,887 3,799 2,530 4,692 4,327 5,394 14,181 3,315 1,548 2,729 1,782 2,217 2,590 6,153 1,228 397 917 2,584 1,027 9,640 2,207 1,096 2,122 1,873 2,342 Sex Ratio 95.4 108.0 93.1 96.5 90.2 91.9 94.4 92.8 93.6 92.3 94.3 90.7 90.3 90.9 107.0 92.5 88.7 93.6 88.5 87.5 96.1 82.7 84.2 88.8 94.2 109.2 105.5 117.1 97.8 108.2 122.9 105.6 106.0 91.3 93.7 123.9 107.9 Average Household Size (*) 5.7 5.9 5.5 6.7 5.2 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.1 4.9 5.5 5.1

Code 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 13 01 02 03 04 05 14 01 02 03 04 05

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

228

Province 18 Krong Preah Sihanouk

229

KRONG PREAH SIHANOUK PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province18

Krong Preah Sihanouk, also called Kampong Som or Sihanouk Ville is a port-town with a population 155,690, comprising 76,940 males and 78,750 females. The percentage of female population is 50.6. Krong Preah Sihanouk is entirely urban. It consists of 3 districts, 22 communes and 85 villages. The population of this province constitutes 1.4 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Krong Preah Sihanouk

01 Mittakpheap

67,440

02 Prey Nob

75,142

03 Stueng Hav

13,108

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

Density of population in the province is 179 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

230

100,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Krong Preah Sihanouk

Province18

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 27,351 comprising a population of 149,921 which gives an average household size of 5.5.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male-headed households are 22.5 and 77.5 respectively. About 59.2 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 42.7.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 43.1 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (41.6 percent) is less than that of male children (44.6 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 54.6 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 2.3 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 49.8 percent.

231

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Krong Preah Sihanouk

Province18

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.6 2.1 3.7 4.0 4.2 3.0

5.4 7.3 7.9 6.8 10

25

0.2 0.3 0.4 Females 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.5 3.4 3.8 4.2 3.2 5.9 7.0 7.6 6.4 2
10 15

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratio of Krong Preah Sihanouk is 97.7. It is marginally higher than the urban sex ratio of 95.7 at the national level.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 83.1 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Krong Preah Sihanouk As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never married) Marrie and married Both sexes 30.5 61.8 5.4 2.1 0.2 categories among Males 34.8 63.4 1.0 0.7 0.1 males are higher than Females 26.5 60.2 9.5 3.4 0.4 the corresponding proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. The male literacy rate is considerably higher than that of females.

232

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Krong Preah Sihanouk

Province18

Sex
Both Sexes Males Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 124,572 79,912 64.1 60,998 44,532 73.0 63,574 35,380 55.7

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 56.0 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 27.0 percent and 11.9 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.0) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 3.6 percent. Only 0.5 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 64.3 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 49.4.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 61,460 of which 26,125 or 42.5 percent are females. While the economic activity rate is higher for males the unemployment rate is higher for females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Krong Preah Sihanouk Sex
Both Sexes Males Females

Economic Unemployment Activity Rate Rate 49.2 8.3 57.8 6.5 41.0 10.8

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 50.8 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 11.3 percent and 37.9 percent respectively. In the primary sector the proportion of women (45.0 percent) is lower than that of men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 81,249 Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, which is 52.2 percent of Krong Preah Sihanouk the total population. Among these migrants, Percentage of migrants males constitute 49.7 Previous Residence Both Males Females percent. Most of the Sexes migrants have moved Within Krong Preah Sihanouk 27.5 26.7 28.3 from other provinces From another province 68.7 69.4 68.0 (Table 4). From outside Cambodia 3.8 3.9 3.7 Table 5 gives the percentage distribution of migrants by reason for migration and sex. A sizeable proportion of migrants had changed their residence because of the reason "family
233

moved". The proportion of female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving "In search of employment" is higher among males.
Province18

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Krong Preah Sihanouk Reason for migration
Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes 100 8.8 31.3 2.9 4.1 46.2 1.8 after 1.2
3.7

Males
100 14.1 40.9 3.5 3.8 32.0 1.6 1.1 3.0

Females
100 3.5 21.9 2.3 4.4 60.3 1.9 1.2 4.5

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Krong Preah Sihanouk

70 60 50
Percent

40 30 20 10 0
k or W er h f rc ns ea ra S T e ac pl t en m oy pl Em n tio ca u Ed ge ria ar M ed ov m i am al C it y ur ec s In s/ tie n io at tri a ep R er th

Males Females

ily m Fa

VII.

Household Amenities

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 27.8 percent of the households in Krong Preah Sihanouk have access to safe drinking water.

234

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Krong Preah Sihanouk
Province18

Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other

Households
100 8.1 3.2 65.8 5.1 16.5 1.3

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Krong Preah Sihanouk
Bought

Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water

Other Spring, river etc.

Dug Well

Main Source of Light

Majority of households in Krong Preah Sihanouk use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 41.5.

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Krong Preah Sihanouk Total City Power
37.3

Generator

100

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 2.4 1.8 57.3 0.5 0.7

Toilet Facility
Toilet facility within premises is available only to 25.2 percent of households in Krong Preah Sihanouk.

235

Fuel for Cooking

Province18

Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking. Charcoal occupies the second position (Table 8).

Table 8. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Krong Preah Sihanouk Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
2.1

Others

100

68.7

27.3

1.7

0.2

236

Province18

Table P-18. Final Population Totals, Krong Preah Sihanouk Province, 1998
Province/ District/ Commune Krong Preah Sihanouk - Total - Urban - Rural Mittakpheap (U) Sangkat Muoy Sangkat Pir Sangkat Bei Sangkat Buon Kaoh Rung Prey Nob (U) Andoung Thma Boeng Ta Prum Bet Trang Cheung Kou Ou Chrov Ou Oknha Heng Prey Nob Ream Sameakki Samrong Tuek L'ak Tuek Thla Tuol Toetueng Veal Renh Stueng Hav (U) Kampenh Ou Treh Tumnob Rolok Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 18

28,015 28,015 12,014 2,611 1,970 3,143 4,124 166 13,593 839 1,122 539 1,429 982 1,159 1,054 1,454 458 1,051 588 735 588 1,595 2,408 332 705 1,371

155,690 155,690 67,440 14,127 11,740 17,152 23,704 717 75,142 4,578 6,174 2,824 8,188 5,325 6,462 5,797 7,932 2,362 5,610 3,213 4,096 3,231 9,350 13,108 1,703 3,617 7,788

76,940 76,940 33,576 7,218 5,741 8,691 11,568 358 36,686 2,212 2,927 1,353 4,178 2,615 3,155 2,798 3,941 1,151 2,778 1,556 2,048 1,514 4,460 6,678 865 1,884 3,929

78,750 78,750 33,864 6,909 5,999 8,461 12,136 359 38,456 2,366 3,247 1,471 4,010 2,710 3,307 2,999 3,991 1,211 2,832 1,657 2,048 1,717 4,890 6,430 838 1,733 3,859

97.7 97.7 99.1 104.5 95.7 102.7 95.3 99.7 95.4 93.5 90.1 92.0 104.2 96.5 95.4 93.3 98.7 95.0 98.1 93.9 100.0 88.2 91.2 103.9 103.2 108.7 101.8

5.5 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.9 5.4 5.6 4.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.7

01 01 02 03 04 05 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 03 01 02 03

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

237

Province 19 Stueng Traeng

238

STUENG TRAENG PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province19

Located in the plateau and mountain region, Stueng Traeng province has Lao Peoples Democratic Republic on its northern border. It has a population of 81,074, comprising 40,124 males and 40,950 females. The percentage of female population is 50.5. The province consists of 5 districts, 34 communes and 128 villages. The population of this province constitutes 0.7 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Stueng Traeng

01 Sesan

11,252

02 Siem Bouk

10,235

03 Siem Pang

13,517

04 Stueng Traeng

24,493

05 Thala Barivat

21,577

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Density of population in the province is 7 per km2 which is much less than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district (Stueng Traeng) named after the province constitutes the urban portion. The percentage of urban population in the province is 30.2, which is more than the national average of 15.7.

239

30,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Stueng Traeng

Province19

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 14,126 comprising a population of 79,747 which gives an average household size of 5.6.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 16.8 and 83.2 respectively. About 60.9 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 45.2.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 43.7 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (42.2 percent) is less than that of male children (45.2 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 53.2 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.1 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 49.2 percent.

240

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Stueng Traeng

Province19
unadjusted Age distribution

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

Males

0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 3.2 3.3 4.1 3.4

5.4 6.7 8.0 7.7 10 8 6 4 2

0.3 0.3 0.5 Females 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.2 4.3 3.6 5.7 6.3 7.7 7.4

0 Percent

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 98.0, Urban: 101.2, Rural: 96.6. The sex ratio is higher in urban areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 87.9 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Stueng Traeng As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 28.2 64.6 4.8 2.3 0.1 categories among Males 32.3 65.6 1.2 0.8 0.1 males are higher than 24.3 63.7 8.1 3.7 0.2 the corresponding Females proportions among females. The proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

241

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Stueng Traeng Total/ Urban/ Population Literate Percentage Rural aged 7 + population Literate Total 63,161 30,583 48.4 Urban 19,850 13,776 69.4 Rural 43,311 16,807 38.8 Total 30,958 17,334 56.0 Urban 9,921 7,472 75.3 Rural 21,037 9,862 46.9 Total 32,203 13,249 41.1 Urban 9,929 6,304 63.5 Rural 22,274 6,945 31.2

Province19

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 66.2 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 20.4 percent and 9.7 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.3) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 2.1 percent. Only 0.3 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 71.3 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 62.4.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 40,398 of which 20,155 or 49.9 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males, the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Stung Traeng Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 63.9 65.2 62.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 49.6 56.5 42.8 6.8 5.6 8.4 70.4 69.4 71.3 2.2 2.3 2.1

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 79.4 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 2.4 percent and 18.2 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (54.7 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 15,716 which is 19.4 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 55.0 percent. The percentage of migrants in

242

urban areas (42.4 percent) is more than that in rural areas (9.4 percent). Majority of migrants have moved from other provinces (Table 4).
Province19

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution Stueng Traeng of migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Males Females migrants had changed Sexes their residence because Within the province 36.2 38.3 33.6 of the reason "family From another province 58.0 56.5 59.8 moved". The proportion From outside Cambodia 5.8 5.2 6.6 of female migrants is higher under this reason. The proportions of migrants moving "in search of employment and due to "transfer of work place" are higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Stueng Traeng Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Males Females Sexes 100 100 100 12.3 18.1 5.1 18.8 24.5 11.9 3.6 4.0 3.2 10.7 13.1 7.8 39.7 27.2 55.0 2.4 2.5 2.3 3.5 2.9 4.2 9.0 7.7 10.5

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Stueng Traeng

60 50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
W er sf an Tr k or e ac pl ch ar Se Em t en ym o pl n io at uc Ed ge ria ar ed ov m i am al C y rit cu se In s/ tie n tio ria at ep R er

Males Females

ily m Fa

th O

243

VII.

Household Amenities

Province19

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 19.2 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 35.6 and 12.0 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Stueng Traeng Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 5.5 10.3 12.3 68.4 3.4 0.1

Urban Rural 100 100 16.7 0.6 8.2 11.2 31.5 3.7 32.7 84.3 10.7 0.2 0.2 N

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Stueng Traeng

Dug Well Bought Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water

Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of the households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 14.1. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 40.8. Other types of light (e.g. oil lamp) are used by a sizeable proportion of households, especially in rural areas.

244

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Stueng Traeng

Province19

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

City Power
11.7 35.0 1.3

Generator

100 100 100

1.5 3.1 0.8

Both City Power and Generator 0.9 2.7 0.2

Kerosene

Battery

Other Sources
23.7 0.9 33.8

60.5 55.1 62.9

1.7 3.2 1.0

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Stueng Traeng Toilet facility within premises is available only to a small percentage of households in the Total / Percentage rural parts (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is much better. Total 13.8 Urban 39.3 Fuel for Cooking Rural 2.5 Majority of households use firewood as main fuel for cooking while a small proportion uses charcoal (Table 9). Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Stueng Traeng Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Firewood Charcoal Kerosene Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1

100 100 100

94.6 84.6 99.1

4.4 13.6 0.3

245

Province19

Table P-19. Final Population Totals, Stueng Traeng Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Stueng Traeng - Total - Urban - Rural Sesan Kampun Kbal Romeas Phluk Samkhuoy Sdau Srae Kor Ta Lat Siem Bouk Kaoh Preah Kaoh Sampeay Kaoh Sralay Ou Mreah Ou Ruessei Kandal Siem Bouk Srae Krasang Siem Pang Preaek Meas Sekong Santepheap Srae Sambour Thma Kaev Stueng Traeng (U) Stueng Traeng Sarh Ruessei Preah Bat Sameakki Thala Barivat Anlong Phe Chamkar Leu Kang Cham Kaoh Snaeng Anlong Chrey Ou Rey Ou Svay Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 19

14,323 4,426 9,897 2,036 432 336 159 332 199 181 397 1,765 187 307 429 220 86 235 301 2,301 369 696 383 486 367 4,426 2,798 609 406 613 3,795 305 212 429 276 254 283 397

81,074 24,493 56,581 11,252 2,230 1,997 829 1,813 1,036 1,065 2,282 10,235 1,156 1,669 2,667 1,195 426 1,349 1,773 13,517 2,235 4,019 2,213 2,870 2,180 24,493 15,141 3,369 2,394 3,589 21,577 1,716 1,208 2,373 1,716 1,632 1,669 2,207

40,124 12,321 27,803 5,545 1,074 1,018 399 882 544 505 1,123 5,085 574 831 1,295 583 238 694 870 6,601 1,082 2,009 1,024 1,428 1,058 12,321 7,718 1,662 1,217 1,724 10,572 842 588 1,184 818 782 814 1,094

40,950 12,172 28,778 5,707 1,156 979 430 931 492 560 1,159 5,150 582 838 1,372 612 188 655 903 6,916 1,153 2,010 1,189 1,442 1,122 12,172 7,423 1,707 1,177 1,865 11,005 874 620 1,189 898 850 855 1,113

98.0 101.2 96.6 97.2 92.9 104.0 92.8 94.7 110.6 90.2 96.9 98.7 98.6 99.2 94.4 95.3 126.6 106.0 96.3 95.4 93.8 100.0 86.1 99.0 94.3 101.2 104.0 97.4 103.4 92.4 96.1 96.3 94.8 99.6 91.1 92.0 95.2 98.3

5.6 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.9 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.9 5.7 5.8 6.2 5.4 6.2 5.4 4.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5 6.2 6.4 5.9 5.5

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 03 01 02 03 04 05 04 01 02 03 04 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

246

Province19

Table P-19. Final Population Totals, Stueng Traeng Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Preah Rumkel Sam'ang Srae Ruessei Thala Total Number of Households 698 177 126 638 Population Both Sexes 4,049 824 664 3,519 Males 1,991 386 331 1,742 Females 2,058 438 333 1,777 Sex Ratio 96.7 88.1 99.4 98.0 Average Household Size (*) 5.8 4.6 5.3 5.6

Code 08 09 10 11

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

247

Province 20 Svay Rieng

248

SVAY RIENG PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province20

Barring the western side, Svay Rieng province entirely borders with Viet Nam. It has a population of 478,252 comprising 225,105 males and 253,147 females. The percentage of female population is 52.9. The province consists of 7 districts, 80 communes and 690 villages. The population of this province constitutes 4.2 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Svay Rieng

01 Chantrea

45,439

02 Kampong Rou

61,496

03 Rumduol

49,384

04 Romeas Haek

111,505

05 Svay Chrum

129,573

06 Svay Rieng

21,205

07 Svay Teab

59,650

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Density of population in the province is 161 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district (Svay Rieng) named after the province constitutes the urban portion. The percentage of urban population in the province is 4.4, which is very much lower than the national average of 15.7.

249

160,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Svay Rieng

Province20

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 97,796 comprising a population of 474,052 which gives an average household size of 4.8.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male headed households are 27.5 and 72.5 respectively. About 65.6 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 42.1.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.8 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (41.5 percent) is lower than that of male children (48.6 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 52.0 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.2 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 47.9 percent.

250

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Svay Rieng

Province20
unadjusted Age distribution

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

Males

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.6 3.1 3.6 2.7

5.4 8.1 8.5 6.3 10 8 6 4 2

0.2 0.3 0.6 Females 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.8 4.2 3.3 5.5 7.7 8.2 6.1

0 Percent

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 88.9, Urban: 93.3, Rural: 88.7. The sex ratio is higher in urban areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 92.4 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Svay Rieng As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never Married married) and married Both sexes 26.1 64.0 7.3 2.2 0.4 categories among Males 28.4 69.3 1.5 0.7 0.1 males are higher 24.2 59.9 12.0 3.4 0.5 than the Females corresponding proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas as is to be expected.

251

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Svay Rieng Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province20

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 385,513 258,753 67.1 17,728 14,508 81.8 367,785 244,245 66.4 177,995 138,214 77.7 8,522 7,527 88.3 169,473 130,687 77.1 207,518 120,539 58.1 9,206 6,981 75.8 198,312 113,558 57.3

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 67.0 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 23.0 percent and 7.3 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.2) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.4 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 76.3 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 58.9.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 224,370 of which 128,459 or 57.3 percent are females. At the total province level, the economic activity rate is lower for males while the unemployment rate is the same for both males and females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are higher than those for rural areas (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Svay Rieng Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 58.1 53.8 61.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 46.6 48.8 44.6 4.8 4.9 4.7 58.7 54.1 62.7 2.0 1.9 2.0

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 90.5 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 0.8 percent and 8.7 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (59.6 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 164,430 which is 34.4 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 45.0 percent. The percentage of migrants in

252

urban areas (57.3 percent) is more than that in rural areas (33.3 percent). Most of the migrants have moved from other provinces (Table 4).
Province20

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution of Svay Rieng migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Males Females migrants had changed Sexes their residence because Within the province 32.1 37.3 27.9 of the reason "family From another province 57.7 52.5 62.0 moved". The proportion From outside Cambodia 10.2 10.2 10.1 of female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants under the reason "Repatriation/Return after displacement" is the highest.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Svay Rieng Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Males Females Sexes 100 100 100 3.8 7.2 1.1 5.3 8.0 3.1 1.1 2.1 0.4 13.4 19.3 8.5 26.8 14.1 37.2 11.0 11.5 10.5 36.1 35.5 36.6 2.5 2.3 2.6

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Svay Rieng

40 30
Percent

20 10 0
rW fe ns ra k or e ac pl ch ar Se Em

Males Females

t en ym o pl

n tio ca du

e ag rri a M

ily m Fa

ed ov m i am al C

ity ur ec s In s/ tie

ri at ep R

n io at

th O

er

253

VII.

Household Amenities

Province20

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 48.2 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 48.4 and 48.2 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Svay Rieng Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 0.9 47.0 47.3 1.4 0.3 3.1

Urban Rural 100 100 7.3 0.6 39.3 47.4 50.0 47.2 0.2 1.5 1.8 0.2 1.4 3.1

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Svay Rieng

Tube/Pipe Well

Bought Piped water Other Spring, river etc.

Dug Well

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 4.7. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 63.2.

254

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Svay Rieng

Province20

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total City Power

100 100 100 3.5 61.8 1.0

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.5 0.7 91.3 3.8 0.2 0.6 0.8 34.1 2.6 0.1 0.5 0.7 93.9 3.8 0.1

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Svay Rieng Toilet facility within premises is available only to a small percentage of households in the Total / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is by far better. Total 8.2 Urban 51.2 Fuel for Cooking Rural 6.3 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas. Toilet Facility Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Svay Rieng

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

Firewood

Charcoal

Kerosene

100 100 100

89.4 89.9 89.3

0.6 6.4 0.4

Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.4 0.5 8.1 1.2 2.5 0.0 1.4 0.4 8.5

255

Province20

Table P-20. Final Population Totals, Svay Rieng Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Svay Rieng - Total - Urban - Rural Chantrea Bati Bavet Chantrea Chres Me Sa Thngak Prasat Prey Angkunh Prey Kokir Samraong Tuol Sdei Kampong Rou Banteay Krang Nhor Ksetr Preah Ponlea Prey Thum Reach Montir Samlei Samyaong Svay Ta Yean Svay Toea Thmei Tnaot Rumduol Bos Mon Thmea Chak Chrung Popel Kampong Ampil Meun Chey Pong Tuek Sangkae Svay Chek Thna Thnong Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 20

98,244 4,112 94,132 9,035 801 2,022 568 1,203 970 422 1,105 937 562 445 13,205 451 1,451 2,160 961 653 691 1,363 436 1,729 975 1,017 1,318 10,150 1,009 661 964 958 681 1,265 1,278 979 1,093 1,262

478,252 21,205 457,047 45,439 4,182 10,667 2,950 5,692 4,829 2,116 5,687 4,393 2,673 2,250 61,496 1,969 6,676 10,258 4,363 2,803 3,038 6,709 1,825 8,289 4,536 4,708 6,322 49,384 4,909 3,053 4,588 4,825 3,486 6,129 6,090 4,513 5,555 6,236

225,105 10,235 214,870 21,835 1,989 5,270 1,405 2,674 2,308 1,063 2,650 2,039 1,343 1,094 29,050 921 3,207 4,773 2,085 1,299 1,445 3,210 863 3,947 2,059 2,287 2,954 23,246 2,287 1,416 2,199 2,213 1,609 2,932 2,841 2,165 2,680 2,904

253,147 10,970 242,177 23,604 2,193 5,397 1,545 3,018 2,521 1,053 3,037 2,354 1,330 1,156 32,446 1,048 3,469 5,485 2,278 1,504 1,593 3,499 962 4,342 2,477 2,421 3,368 26,138 2,622 1,637 2,389 2,612 1,877 3,197 3,249 2,348 2,875 3,332

88.9 93.3 88.7 92.5 90.7 97.6 90.9 88.6 91.6 100.9 87.3 86.6 101.0 94.6 89.5 87.9 92.4 87.0 91.5 86.4 90.7 91.7 89.7 90.9 83.1 94.5 87.7 88.9 87.2 86.5 92.0 84.7 85.7 91.7 87.4 92.2 93.2 87.2

4.8 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.9 4.2 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.6 5.1 4.9

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 03 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

256

Province20

Table P-20. Final Population Totals, Svay Rieng Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Romeas Haek Ampil Andoung Pou Andoung Trabaek Angk Prasrae Chantrei Chrey Thum Doung Kampong Trach Kokir Krasang Mukh Da Mream Sambuor Sambatt Mean Chey Trapeang Sdau Tras Svay Chrum Angk Ta Sou Basak Chambak Chamlang Ta Suos Chek Chheu Teal Doun Sa Kouk Pring Kraol Kou Kruos Pouthi Reach Svay Angk Svay Chrum Svay Thum Svay Yea Thlok Svay Rieng (U) Svay Rieng Prey Chhlak Koy Trabaek Pou Ta Hao Total Number of Households 22,077 1,074 1,040 1,117 1,207 1,674 1,897 2,102 2,152 566 956 1,656 1,798 954 1,199 1,722 963 27,387 1,235 1,527 1,618 1,982 2,103 1,607 1,783 1,397 1,704 2,142 1,952 1,335 988 853 2,125 1,957 1,079 4,112 2,605 589 586 332 Population Both Sexes 111,505 5,692 5,143 5,918 5,995 7,916 9,556 10,775 10,904 3,149 4,774 8,190 8,957 4,769 6,100 8,453 5,214 129,573 5,547 7,103 8,174 9,508 9,987 7,895 8,134 6,630 7,673 9,913 9,446 6,781 4,624 4,228 9,649 9,197 5,084 21,205 14,073 2,918 2,523 1,691 Males 52,419 2,642 2,387 2,872 2,801 3,683 4,498 5,062 5,154 1,525 2,231 3,844 4,139 2,272 2,883 3,994 2,432 60,319 2,573 3,364 3,814 4,386 4,644 3,731 3,733 3,043 3,473 4,651 4,514 3,200 2,201 1,926 4,520 4,229 2,317 10,235 6,853 1,406 1,168 808 Females 59,086 3,050 2,756 3,046 3,194 4,233 5,058 5,713 5,750 1,624 2,543 4,346 4,818 2,497 3,217 4,459 2,782 69,254 2,974 3,739 4,360 5,122 5,343 4,164 4,401 3,587 4,200 5,262 4,932 3,581 2,423 2,302 5,129 4,968 2,767 10,970 7,220 1,512 1,355 883 Sex Ratio 88.7 86.6 86.6 94.3 87.7 87.0 88.9 88.6 89.6 93.9 87.7 88.4 85.9 91.0 89.6 89.6 87.4 87.1 86.5 90.0 87.5 85.6 86.9 89.6 84.8 84.8 82.7 88.4 91.5 89.4 90.8 83.7 88.1 85.1 83.7 93.3 94.9 93.0 86.2 91.5 Average Household Size (*) 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.4 4.7 4.5 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.3 5.1

Code 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 06 01 02 03 04

257

Province20

Table P-20. Final Population Totals, Svay Rieng Province, 1998 (continued)
Province/ District/ Commune Svay Teab Chrak Mtes Kokir Saom Kandieng Reay Monourom Popeaek Prey Ta Ei Prasout Romeang Thkaol Sambuor Sangkhoar Svay Rumpea Total Number of Households 12,278 1,604 1,230 1,653 186 856 637 1,473 1,154 1,377 1,299 809 Population Both Sexes 59,650 8,107 5,926 8,180 957 4,325 3,039 6,584 5,477 6,722 6,364 3,969 Males 28,001 3,817 2,836 3,957 465 2,027 1,398 3,033 2,490 3,122 3,004 1,852 Females 31,649 4,290 3,090 4,223 492 2,298 1,641 3,551 2,987 3,600 3,360 2,117 Sex Ratio 88.5 89.0 91.8 93.7 94.5 88.2 85.2 85.4 83.4 86.7 89.4 87.5 Average Household Size (*) 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9

Code 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

258

Province 21 Takaev

259

TAKAEV PROVINCE
I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province21

Located in the plain region, Takaev province has Viet Nam on its southern border. It has a population of 790,168, comprising 376,911 males and 413,257 females. The percentage of female population is 52.3. The province consists of 10 districts, 100 communes and 1,116 villages. The population of this province constitutes 6.9 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Takaev

01 Angkor Borei 02 Bati 03 Bourei Cholsar 04 Kiri Vong 05 Kaoh Andaet 06 Prey Kabbas 07 Samraong 08 Doun Kaev 09 Tram Kak 10 Treang 24,460

44,980 113,693

92,446 45,650 85,880 101,455 39,186 144,032 98,386

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

Density of population in the province is 222 per km2 which is much higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Doun Kaev constitutes the urban portion of the province. The percentage of urban population in the province is 5.0, which is much lower than the national average of 15.7.

260

180,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Takaev

Province21

II. (vii)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 153,863 comprising a population of 781,614 which gives an average household size of 5.1.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male-headed households are 26.5 and 73.5 respectively. About 61.7 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 46.7.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 44.2 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (41.2 percent) is lower than that of male children (47.5 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 51.9 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.9 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 48.1 percent.

261

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Takaev

Province21

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.9 3.4 2.6

5.9 7.6 8.2 6.9 10 8 6 4 2

0.3 0.4 0.7 Females 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.0 5.7 7.1 7.9 6.6 2 4 6 8 10

0 Percent

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 91.2, Urban: 94.2, Rural: 91.0. The sex ratio is higher in urban areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 92.8 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Takaev As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never married) Married and married Both sexes 26.6 63.4 7.0 2.5 0.5 categories among Males 29.7 67.4 1.9 0.8 0.2 males are higher than 24.0 60.2 11.2 3.9 0.7 the corresponding Females proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas.

262

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Takaev Total/ Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Province21

Sex
Both Sexes Males

Females

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 628,236 380,331 60.5 31,341 21,803 69.6 596,895 358,528 60.1 294,072 207,668 70.6 14,957 11,853 79.2 279,115 195,815 70.2 334,164 172,663 51.7 16,384 9,950 60.7 317,780 162,713 51.2

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 59.4 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 27.1 percent and 10.1 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.4) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.9 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 67.0 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 53.1.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 356,671 of which 197,590 or 55.4 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are lower for males the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are less than those for rural areas (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Takaev Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate Both Sexes 56.7 54.1 56.8 Males 54.0 53.1 54.1 Females 59.0 55.0 59.2

Unemployment Rate Both sexes 3.5 2.2 3.6 Males 3.3 2.0 3.4 Females 3.7 2.4 3.8

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 90.1 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.7 percent and 8.2 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (57.1 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 115,003 which is 14.6 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 56.0 percent. The percentage of migrants in

263

urban areas (34.6 percent) is higher than that in rural areas (13.5 percent). Most of the migrants have moved within the province (Table 4).
Province21

Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, percentage distribution of Takaev migrants by reason for migration and sex. A Percentage of migrants sizeable proportion of Previous Residence Both Males Females migrants had changed Sexes their residence because Within the province 73.0 74.6 71.0 of the reason "marriage". From another province 19.7 19.0 20.6 The proportion of female 7.3 6.4 8.4 migrants is lower under From outside Cambodia this reason. The percentage of migrants under the reason "family moved " is considerably higher among females.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Takaev Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes
100 7.2 9.3 2.6 38.1 28.3 3.8 3.2 7.5

Males
100 10.1 11.4 3.4 45.4 17.6 2.8 2.9 6.4

Females
100 3.4 6.7 1.5 28.6 42.0 5.1 3.7 9.0

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Takaev

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
rW fe ns ra k or e ac pl ch ar Se Em

Males Females

t en ym o pl

n tio ca du

e ag rri a M

ily m Fa

ed ov m i am al C

ity ur ec s In s/ tie

ri at ep R

n io at

th O

er

264

VII.

Household Amenities

Province21

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 12.9 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 35.9 and 11.9 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Takaev Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 0.5 10.4 35.8 50.2 2.0 1.1

Urban Rural 100 100 0.7 0.5 9.4 10.5 7.3 37.1 55.8 49.9 25.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Takaev

Dug Well Bought

Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of the households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 4.6. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 28.8.

265

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Takaev Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural Total City Power
100 100 100 3.4 26.8 2.2

Province21

Generator

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.5 0.7 92.7 2.7 N 0.8 1.2 67.5 3.6 0.1 0.5 0.7 93.9 2.7 N

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Takaev Toilet facility within premises is available only to a very small percentage of households in Total / Percentage the province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is slightly better. Total 4.3 Urban 9.0 Fuel for Cooking Rural 3.6 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportions of households using charcoal and LPG are higher in urban areas. Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Takaev

Toilet Facility

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

Firewood

Charcoal

Kerosene

100 100 100

96.2 90.2 96.5

1.0 6.9 0.7

Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1.7 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.3 0.2 1.7 0.3 0.8

266

Province21

Table P-21. Final Population Totals, Takaev Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Code Commune 21 Takaev - Total - Urban - Rural Angkor Borei Angkor Borei Ba Srae Kouk Thlok Ponley Preaek Phtoul Prey Phkoam Bati Chambak Champei Doung Kandoeng Komar Reachea Krang Leav Krang Thnong Lumpong Pea Ream Pot Sar Souphi Tang Doung Tnaot Trapeang Krasang Trapeang Sab Bourei Cholsar Bourei Cholsar Chey Chouk Doung Khpos Kampong Krasang Kouk Pou Kiri Vong Angk Prasat Preah Bat Choan Chum Kamnab Kampeaeng Kiri Chong Kaoh Kouk Prech Phnum Den Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Average Sex Household Ratio Size (*)

155,030 7,257 147,773 8,483 2,161 1,628 564 1,281 1,159 1,690 22,550 1,948 1,036 1,392 1,296 1,542 1,913 1,458 1,169 1,343 1,826 1,157 804 1,249 1,481 2,936 4,583 663 391 1,079 750 1,700 18,455 1,354 3,072 471 1,322 999 2,276 1,306

790,168 39,186 750,982 44,980 11,306 8,541 3,238 6,808 6,120 8,967 113,693 9,673 5,080 6,840 6,217 8,208 9,421 7,496 5,625 6,991 9,480 6,024 4,034 6,270 7,267 15,067 24,460 3,937 2,009 5,507 3,818 9,189 92,446 6,908 16,643 2,760 6,463 4,982 11,146 6,358

376,911 19,013 357,898 21,805 5,473 4,113 1,615 3,227 2,969 4,408 54,126 4,640 2,513 3,227 2,981 3,828 4,376 3,705 2,691 3,360 4,515 2,876 1,894 2,903 3,390 7,227 12,150 2,100 1,016 2,621 1,941 4,472 44,386 3,295 8,203 1,373 3,032 2,327 5,367 3,021

413,257 20,173 393,084 23,175 5,833 4,428 1,623 3,581 3,151 4,559 59,567 5,033 2,567 3,613 3,236 4,380 5,045 3,791 2,934 3,631 4,965 3,148 2,140 3,367 3,877 7,840 12,310 1,837 993 2,886 1,877 4,717 48,060 3,613 8,440 1,387 3,431 2,655 5,779 3,337

91.2 94.2 91.0 94.1 93.8 92.9 99.5 90.1 94.2 96.7 90.9 92.2 97.9 89.3 92.1 87.4 86.7 97.7 91.7 92.5 90.9 91.4 88.5 86.2 87.4 92.2 98.7 114.3 102.3 90.8 103.4 94.8 92.4 91.2 97.2 99.0 88.4 87.6 92.9 90.5

5.1 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.3 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8

01 01 02 03 04 05 06 02 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 03 01 02 03 04 05 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

267

Province21

Table P-21. Final Population Totals, Takaev Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Code Commune 08 09 10 11 12 05 01 02 03 04 05 06 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 Prey Ampok Prey Rumdeng Ream Andaeuk Saom Ta Ou Kaoh Andaet Krapum Chhuk Pech Sar Prey Khla Prey Yuthka Romenh Thlea Prachum Prey Kabbas Angkanh Ban Kam Champa Char Kampeaeng Kampong Reab Kdanh Pou Rumchak Prey Kabbas Prey Lvea Prey Phdau Snao Tang Yab Samraong Boeng Tranh Khang Cheung Boeng Tranh Khang Tboung Cheung Kuon Chumreah Pen Khvav Lumchang Rovieng Samraong Soeng Sla Trea Total Number of Households 1,440 1,874 973 1,584 1,784 8,899 1,798 1,552 1,860 695 1,959 1,035 16,764 1,187 1,219 1,198 1,500 1,545 1,032 1,106 1,426 1,182 1,274 1,498 1,178 1,419 20,248 1,843 2,156 1,592 2,242 2,470 1,090 2,682 1,295 1,818 1,321 1,739 Population Both Sexes 7,198 9,576 4,734 7,534 8,144 45,650 9,336 8,005 9,438 3,595 10,243 5,033 85,880 6,271 6,252 5,952 7,728 8,001 5,518 5,371 7,475 6,150 6,558 7,665 5,781 7,158 101,455 9,319 11,060 8,243 10,510 12,415 5,677 13,076 6,358 8,966 6,689 9,142 Males 3,413 4,665 2,271 3,519 3,900 21,940 4,437 3,847 4,527 1,728 4,949 2,452 40,832 3,022 3,010 2,772 3,656 3,872 2,683 2,537 3,549 2,865 3,118 3,628 2,768 3,352 47,704 4,375 5,280 3,841 4,854 5,896 2,692 6,060 2,966 4,200 3,106 4,434 Females 3,785 4,911 2,463 4,015 4,244 23,710 4,899 4,158 4,911 1,867 5,294 2,581 45,048 3,249 3,242 3,180 4,072 4,129 2,835 2,834 3,926 3,285 3,440 4,037 3,013 3,806 53,751 4,944 5,780 4,402 5,656 6,519 2,985 7,016 3,392 4,766 3,583 4,708 Average Sex Household Ratio Size (*) 90.2 95.0 92.2 87.6 91.9 92.5 90.6 92.5 92.2 92.6 93.5 95.0 90.6 93.0 92.8 87.2 89.8 93.8 94.6 89.5 90.4 87.2 90.6 89.9 91.9 88.1 88.7 88.5 91.3 87.3 85.8 90.4 90.2 86.4 87.4 88.1 86.7 94.2 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2

268

Province21

Table P-21. Final Population Totals, Takaev Province, 1998 (continued)

Province/ District/ Code Commune 08 01 02 03 09 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Doun Kaev (U) Baray Roka Knong Roka Krau Tram Kak Angk Ta Saom Cheang Tong Kus Leay Bour Nhaeng Nhang Ou Saray Trapeang Kranhung Otdam Souriya Popel Samraong Srae Ronoung Ta Phem Tram Kak
Trapeang Thum Khang Cheung Trapeang Thum Khang Tboung

Total Number of Households 7,257 1,922 2,608 2,727 28,826 2,781 1,981 2,653 3,501 1,157 2,112 996 1,712 1,446 1,216 1,433 2,539 2,236 1,521 1,542 18,965 1,052 835 839 1,792 1,404 634 2,069 1,520 2,174 1,082 939 1,631 2,082 912

Population Both Sexes 39,186 10,910 13,659 14,617 144,032 14,089 9,506 13,101 18,440 5,585 10,274 5,295 9,165 7,208 5,658 7,354 12,770 10,840 7,388 7,359 98,386 5,387 4,135 4,492 9,305 7,297 3,329 10,790 7,658 11,895 5,190 4,880 8,875 10,549 4,604 Males 19,013 5,232 6,849 6,932 67,959 6,673 4,415 6,176 8,753 2,634 4,789 2,615 4,335 3,325 2,692 3,458 6,025 5,180 3,481 3,408 46,996 2,591 1,898 2,114 4,425 3,566 1,606 5,137 3,572 5,758 2,524 2,336 4,251 4,978 2,240 Females 20,173 5,678 6,810 7,685 76,073 7,416 5,091 6,925 9,687 2,951 5,485 2,680 4,830 3,883 2,966 3,896 6,745 5,660 3,907 3,951 51,390 2,796 2,237 2,378 4,880 3,731 1,723 5,653 4,086 6,137 2,666 2,544 4,624 5,571 2,364

Average Sex Household Ratio Size (*) 94.2 92.1 100.6 90.2 89.3 90.0 86.7 89.2 90.4 89.3 87.3 97.6 89.8 85.6 90.8 88.8 89.3 91.5 89.1 86.3 91.4 92.7 84.8 88.9 90.7 95.6 93.2 90.9 87.4 93.8 94.7 91.8 91.9 89.4 94.8 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.6 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.2 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.0

Treang Angkanh Angk Khnaor Chi Khmar Khvav Prambei Mom Angk Kaev Prey Sloek Roneam Sambuor Sanlung Smaong Srangae Thlok Tralach

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

269

Province 22 Otdar Mean Chey

270

OTDAR MEAN CHEY PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province22

Situated in the Tonle Sap region, Otdar Mean Chey province has Thailand on its northern border. It has a population of 68,279, comprising 34,472 males and 33,807 females. The percentage of female population is 49.5. The province consists of 4 districts, 18 communes and about 108 villages. Census enumeration could not be conducted in one of the districts (Anlong Veaeng) due to conflict at the time of the census. The population of this province constitutes 0.6 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Otdar Mean Chey

02 Banteay Ampil

27,075

03 Chong Kal

18,843

04 Samraong

22,361

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Density of population in the province is 11 per km2 which is very much lower than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

(ii)

Urban population

The district of Samraong constitutes the urban portion. The percentage of urban population in the province is 32.7, which is higher than the national average of 15.7.

271

35,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Otdar Mean Chey

Province22

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the province is 12,208 comprising a population of 64,653 which gives an average household size of 5.3.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male-headed households are 23.1 and 76.9 respectively. About 51.9 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only about 34.2.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 48.2 percent of the total population in the province. The proportion of female children (47.7 percent) is slightly less than that of male children (48.7 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 49.6 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 2.2 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 45.3 percent.

272

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Otdar Mean Chey

Province22

Age

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

80+ 0.1 0.1 75 - 79 0.2 70 - 74 Males 0.4 65 - 69 0.5 60 - 64 0.6 55 - 59 0.7 50 - 54 1.1 45 - 49 2.0 40 - 44 3.5 35 - 39 4.2 30 - 34 4.7 25 - 29 3.1 20 - 24 4.6 15 - 19 7.4 10 - 14 5 - 9 9.1 8.2 0-4
10 8 6 4 2

0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.2

Females

3.2 3.5 3.6 2.9 5.0 7.1 8.6 7.9 2 4 6 8 10

0 Percent

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratios for the total province and its urban and rural parts are as follows: Total: 102.0, Urban: 108.8, Rural: 98.8. The sex ratio is lower in rural areas.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 101.5 percent reflects the very high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+ Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Otdar Mean Chey

As shown in Table Marital Status (in percentage) 1 the proportions of Sex Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated single (never Married married) and Both sexes 24.1 67.7 6.2 1.7 0.3 married categories 26.8 71.3 1.2 0.6 0.1 among males are Males Females 21.3 64.2 11.2 2.8 0.5 higher than the corresponding proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men.

IV.

LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. In general, the male literacy rates are considerably higher than those of females. Literacy rates are higher in urban areas.

273

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Otdar Mean Chey

Province22

Total/ Percentage Literate Sex Urban/ Population Literate population aged 7 + Rural Both Total 52,115 21,412 41.1 Sexes Urban 17,487 8,122 46.4 Rural 34,628 13,290 38.4 Males Total 26,262 13,692 52.1 Urban 9,188 5,204 56.6 Rural 17,074 8,488 49.7 Females Total 25,853 7,720 29.9 Urban 8,299 2,918 35.2 Rural 17,554 4,802 27.4 An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 73.8 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 16.7 percent and 5.9 percent respectively. A small percentage (2.1) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.4 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 81.6 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 69.4. V. ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in the province is 29,387 of which 13,742 or 46.8 percent are females. While the economic activity rates are higher for males the unemployment rates are higher for females. Urban areas have recorded unemployment rates that are lower than those for rural areas, the difference being more pronounced in the case of females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Otdar Mean Chey Total/ Urban/ Rural
Total Urban Rural

Economic Activity Rate

Unemployment Rate

Both Both Sexes Males Females sexes Males Females 56.2 59.4 53.0 4.5 3.4 5.7 54.8 60.5 48.4 3.0 2.6 3.4 57.0 58.9 55.2 5.2 3.8 6.7

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 79.0 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 1.1 percent and 19.9 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (55.1 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 26,413 which is 38.7 percent of the province population. Among these migrants, males constitute 55.7 percent. The percentage of migrants in

274

urban areas (37.9 percent) is less than that in rural areas (39.1 percent). Migrants who have moved from other provinces form the highest proportion (Table 4). Table 5 gives the Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, Otdar Mean Chey percentage distribution of migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A Previous Residence Both Males Females sizeable proportion of Sexes migrants had changed 38.7 39.3 37.9 their residence because Within the province 42.3 44.7 39.3 of the reason "family From another province 19.0 16.0 22.8 moved". The proportion From outside Cambodia of female migrants is higher under this reason. The percentage of migrants moving due to "Transfer of work place" is higher among males.

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Otdar Mean Chey Reason for migration Both Males Females Sexes Total 100 100 100 Transfer of work place 13.2 22.3 2.0 In search of employment 5.3 7.0 3.3 Education 0.5 0.5 0.4 Marriage 11.3 14.5 7.5 Family moved 39.4 27.4 54.0 Natural Calamities/insecurity 13.4 12.3 14.8 Repatriation/Return after displacement 13.7 12.9 14.7 Other Reasons 3.2 3.1 3.3

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Otdar Mean Chey

Province22

60 50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
rW fe ns ra k or e ac pl ch ar Se Em t en ym o pl n tio ca du e ag rri a ed ov m i am al C ity ur ec s In s/ tie n io at er

Males Females

ily m Fa

ri at ep R

th O

275

VII.

Household Amenities

Province22

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 3.2 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water. In urban and rural areas the corresponding percentages are 7.3 and 1.4 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Otdar Mean Chey Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other Total
100 0.3 2.2 23.1 73.7 0.7 N

Urban Rural 100 100 0.8 0.1 5.4 0.8 33.2 18.4 59.5 80.2 1.1 0.5 N N

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Otdar Mean Chey
Piped water Dug Well

Bought Tube/Pipe Well

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 2.6. The corresponding percentage in urban areas is 5.7.

276

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Otdar Mean Chey

Province22

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

City Power
1.8 3.9 0.9

Generator

100 100 100

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 0.6 0.2 96.2 1.0 0.2 1.4 0.4 92.5 1.5 0.3 0.3 N 97.9 0.8 0.1

Toilet Facility

Table 8. Households with Toilet Facility, Otdar Mean Chey Toilet facility within premises is available to a very small percentage of households in the Total / Percentage province (Table 8). In the urban areas the Urban / Rural position is only marginally better. Total 2.0 Urban 4.8 Fuel for Cooking Rural 0.8 Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking (Table 9). Proportion of households using charcoal is higher in urban areas. Table 9. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Otdar Mean Chey

Total / Urban/ Rural Total Urban Rural

Total

Firewood

Charcoal

Kerosene

100 100 100

97.4 95.2 98.4

1.6 3.9 0.4

Others Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 0.8 0.2 N 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.0

277

Province22

Table P-22. Final Population Totals, Otdar Mean Chey Province, 1998
Province/ District/ Commune Otdar Mean Chey - Total - Urban - Rural Banteay Ampil Ampil Beng Kouk Khpos Kouk Mon Kouk Ovlaok Chhuk Chong Kal Cheung Tien Chong Kal Krasang Pongro Samraong (U) Bansay Reak Bos Sbov Kriel Samraong Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 22

12,531 4,027 8,504 4,980 1,317 1,330 514 839 431 549 3,524 684 1,515 800 525 4,027 302 657 935 2,133

68,279 22,361 45,918 27,075 7,217 6,909 2,997 4,614 2,233 3,105 18,843 3,284 8,443 4,183 2,933 22,361 1,565 3,457 5,258 12,081

34,472 11,651 22,821 13,393 3,626 3,361 1,555 2,255 1,067 1,529 9,428 1,518 4,260 2,009 1,641 11,651 764 1,615 2,691 6,581

33,807 10,710 23,097 13,682 3,591 3,548 1,442 2,359 1,166 1,576 9,415 1,766 4,183 2,174 1,292 10,710 801 1,842 2,567 5,500

102.0 108.8 98.8 97.9 101.0 94.7 107.8 95.6 91.5 97.0 100.1 86.0 101.8 92.4 127.0 108.8 95.4 87.7 104.8 119.7

5.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.1 5.6 5.1 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.4

02 01 02 03 04 05 06 03 01 02 03 04 04 01 02 03 04

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

278

Province 23 Krong Kaeb

279

KRONG KAEB PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province23

Krong Kaeb is a coastal municipality with a population of 28,660, comprising 14,014 males and 14,646 females. The percentage of female population is 51.1. The municipality is entirely urban. It consists of 2 districts, 5 communes and 16 villages. The population of Krong Kaeb constitutes 0.3 percent of Cambodia's population. The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Krong Kaeb

01 Damnak Chang'aeur

18,341

02 Kaeb

10,319

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Density of population in the municipality is 85 per km2 which is higher than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

280

25,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Krong Kaeb

Province23

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in the municipality is 5,282 comprising a population of 28,028 which gives an average household size of 5.3.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male-headed households are 26.8 and 73.2 respectively. About 66.2 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only 45.6.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 46.1 percent of the total population in the municipality. The proportion of female children (43.5 percent) is less than that of male children (48.9 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 50.3 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 3.6 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 46.9 percent.

281

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Krong Kaeb

Province23

Age

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 Males 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 5.5 15 - 19 7.9 10 - 14 5 - 9 9.0 7.0 0-4

10
25

0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.8 3.1 3.6 2.8

0.3 0.5 0.8 Females 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.9 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.0 5.4 7.3 8.3 6.7

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

2
10 15

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratio of Krong Kaeb is 95.7. It is the same as the urban sex ratio at the national level.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 99.1 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+

Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Krong Kaeb As shown in Table 1 Marital Status (in percentage) the proportions of Sex Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never single (never Married married) and married Both sexes 26.7 63.5 7.2 2.4 0.2 categories among 30.8 67.0 1.4 0.7 0.1 males are higher Males Females 23.1 60.6 12.1 3.8 0.4 than the corresponding proportions among females. Proportion of women in each of the categories widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of men. IV. LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. The male literacy rate is considerably higher than that of females.

282

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Krong Kaeb Sex

Both Sexes Males Females

Province23

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 22,606 12,232 54.1 10,873 6,884 63.3 11,733 5,348 45.6

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 68.0 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 22.5 percent and 6.7 percent respectively. A small percentage (1.4) of literate population have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class. Those with secondary level qualification form 1.3 percent. Only 0.1 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 74.5 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 62.8.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in Krong Kaeb is 12,385 of which 6,342 or 51.2 percent are females. Economic activity rate is slightly higher for males. Unemployment rate is nearly the same for both sexes (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Krong Kaeb Sex
Both Sexes Males Females

Economic Unemployment Activity Rate Rate 54.7 2.0 55.5 2.2 53.9 1.9

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 82.2 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 2.2 percent and 15.6 percent respectively. In the primary sector women (55.0 percent) outnumber men.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 7,887 which is 27.5 percent of the total population. Among these migrants, males constitute 50.9 percent. Most of the migrants have moved from other provinces (Table 4).

Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Table 5 gives the Residence, Krong Kaeb percentage distribution of migrants by reason for Percentage of migrants migration and sex. A Previous Residence Males Females Both Sexes sizeable proportion of Within Krong Kaeb 9.6 9.3 10.0 migrants had changed their 89.1 89.3 88.7 residence because of the From another province From outside Cambodia 1.3 1.4 1.3 reason "family moved". The proportion of female migrants is higher under this reason. Under each

283

of the reasons, "transfer of work place" and "in search of employment", the percentage of males is higher.
Province23

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Krong Kaeb Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return after displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes
100 14.7 12.6 2.7 12.2 43.7 2.7 6.3 5.1

Males
100 24.9 17.2 3.4 13.6 28.6 2.1 6.3 3.9

Females
100 4.2 7.6 2.0 10.8 59.4 3.3 6.2 6.5

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Krong Kaeb

70 60 50
Percent

40 30 20 10 0
rW fe ns a Tr k or e ac pl h rc ea Em t en ym o pl n io at uc Ed ge ria ar M ed ov m i am al C y rit cu se In s/ tie n tio ria at ep R th O er

Males Females

ily m Fa

VII.

Household Amenities

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 12.4 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water.

284

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Krong Kaeb

Province23

Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other

Households 100 2.5 9.7 52.5 34.6 0.2 0.5

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Krong Kaeb

Dug Well

Bought Tube/Pipe Well

Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 9.2.

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Krong Kaeb

Total

City Power
4.9

Generator

100

1.9

Both City Power and Generator 2.4

Kerosene

Battery

Other Sources
N

89.7

1.1

Toilet Facility
Toilet facility within premises is available only to 3.3 percent of households in the province.

285

Province23

Fuel for Cooking

Most of the households use firewood as main fuel for cooking while a small percentage use kerosene or charcoal (Table 8).

Table 8. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Krong Kaeb

Total

Firewood

Charcoal

Kerosene

100

96.3

1.4

2.0

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 0.3

Others

286

Province23

Table P-23. Final Population Totals, Krong Kaeb Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Code Commune 23 Krong Kaeb - Total - Urban - Rural Damnak Chang'aeur (U) Angkaol Ou Krasar Pong Tuek Kaeb (U) Kaeb Prey Thum Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Average Sex Household Ratio Size (*)

5,369 5,369 3,369 1,127 1,041 1,201 2,000 786 1,214

28,660 28,660 18,341 6,303 5,741 6,297 10,319 4,017 6,302

14,014 14,014 8,863 3,059 2,758 3,046 5,151 2,047 3,104

14,646 14,646 9,478 3,244 2,983 3,251 5,168 1,970 3,198

95.7 95.7 93.5 94.3 92.5 93.7 99.7 103.9 97.1

5.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1

01 01 02 03 02 01 02

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

287

Province 24 Krong Pailin

288

KRONG PAILIN PROVINCE

I. (i) POPULATION Size and Distribution
Province24

Located in the Tonle Sap region with Thailand on its western border, Pailin was under the Khmer Rouge control till 1997. After integration, Pailin became Krong Pailin, a municipality. It has a population of 22,906, comprising 12,392 males and 10,514 females. The percentage of female population is 45.9. Krong Pailin is entirely urban. It consists of 2 districts, 8 communes and 58 villages. The population of Krong Pailin constitutes the lowest percentage among provinces (0.2 percent). The population distribution among the districts is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Population by District, Krong Pailin

01 Pailin

15,800

02 Sala Krau

7,106

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

Density of population in Krong Pailin is 29 per km2 which is much lower than the national density of 64. Figure 2 shows the population density levels in districts.

289

18,000

Figure 2. Population Density by District, Krong Pailin

Province24

II. (i)

HOUSEHOLDS Total Number of Households and Average Household Size

The total number of normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional, homeless, boat and transient population) in Krong Pailin is 4,000 comprising a population of 20,749 which gives an average household size of 5.2.

(ii)

Male and Female headed Households

The percentages of female-headed and male-headed households are 32.5 and 67.5 respectively. About 31.8 percent of the female-headed households are aged 40 and above. In the case of male-headed households the corresponding percentage is only 43.2.

III. (i)

AGE, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS DISTRIBUTION Age

The age-sex distribution of the population may be seen in the age pyramid (Figure 3). Children (age 0-14) form 40.3 percent of the total population. The proportion of female children (43.6 percent) is more than that of male children (37.5 percent). The economically productive age group (15-64) forms 58.5 percent and the elderly (aged 65 and over) form 1.2 percent. People aged 18 years and above (voting age group) constitute 54.1 percent.

290

Figure 3. Age Distribution, Krong Pailin

Province24

Age
80+ 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

Age

unadjusted Age distribution

Males

0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 2.4 4.6

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 2.8

Females

6.3 4.9 5.3 3.5 4.2 5.4 8.0 6.9 10

25

4.3 3.9 3.9 3.1 4.6 5.5 8.0 6.5

8
20

6
15 10

4
5

2
0

0 Percent
5

2
10 15

4
20

8
30

10

(ii)

Sex ratio

The sex ratio of Krong Pailin is 117.9. It is higher than the urban sex ratio of 95.7 at the national level.

(iii)

Dependency ratio

The Age dependency ratio which works out to 70.9 percent reflects the high dependency that the productive population bears.

(iv)

Marital Status of population aged 15+ Table 1. Marital Status by Sex, Krong Pailin

As shown in Table 1 the proportion of single (never married) among males is higher than the corresponding proportion for females. Proportion of women in each of the categories men.

Sex Both sexes Males Females

Never Married 27.0 30.2 22.9

Marital Status (in percentage) Married Widowed Divorced 69.3 67.9 71.1 2.3 0.9 4.1 1.3 1.0 1.8

Separated 0.1 N 0.1

married, widowed, divorced and separated is higher than that of

IV.

LITERACY AND EDUCATION

The number and percentage of literate population aged 7 and above, by sex are given in Table 2. Male literacy rate is considerably higher than that of females.

291

Table 2. Literate population and Literacy Rates, Krong Pailin Sex

Both Sexes Males Females

Province24

Population Literate Percentage aged 7 + population Literate 17,795 11,396 64.0 9,726 7,175 73.8 8,069 4,221 52.3

An analysis of the educational level of literate population as a whole has revealed that about 64.7 percent of them had not completed the primary level. Those who have achieved the primary and lower secondary levels constitute 20.7 percent and 8.8 percent respectively. Persons who have acquired literacy without passing any grade/class form 3.4 percent. Those with secondary level qualification form 2.2 percent. Only 0.2 percent had completed beyond secondary level of education. Among females 71.8 percent have not completed primary level whereas among males the corresponding percentage is 60.5.

V.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION

The number of economically active persons in Krong Pailin is 10,850 of which 3,858 or 35.6 percent are females. While the economic activity rate is higher for males, the unemployment rate is higher for females (Table 3).

Table 3. Economic Activity Rates and Unemployment Rates, Krong Pailin Sex
Both Sexes Males Females

Economic Unemployment Activity Rate Rate 60.0 5.0 70.4 4.6 47.3 5.7

Distribution of employed persons by sector shows that 50.5 percent of them are in the primary sector. The secondary and tertiary sectors account for 8.5 percent and 41.0 percent respectively. In the primary sector, women account for 50.3 percent.

VI.

Migration

The number of migrants i.e. those who had their previous residence outside the place of enumeration, is 17,735 which is 77.4 percent of the total population. Among these migrants, males constitute 54.8 percent. Most of the migrants have moved from other provinces (Table 4).

Table 4. Distribution of Migrants by Previous Residence, Table 5 gives the Krong Pailin percentage distribution of migrants by reason Percentage of migrants for migration and sex. Previous Residence Both Sexes Males Females A sizeable proportion Within Krong Pailin 19.4 23.4 14.7 of migrants had From another province 68.5 66.2 71.2 changed their From outside Cambodia 12.1 10.4 14.1 residence because of the reason "family moved". The proportion of female migrants is higher under this reason. The
292

percentage of migrants who have moved "In search of employment" is higher among males.
Province24

Table 5. Reason for Migration, Krong Pailin Reason for migration

Total Transfer of work place In search of employment Education Marriage Family moved Natural Calamities/insecurity Repatriation/Return displacement Other Reasons

Both Sexes 100 7.9 22.7 5.5 0.7 32.5 23.6 after 0.8
6.3

Males
100 11.7 25.6 9.5 0.4 25.0 21.2 0.7 5.9

Females
100 3.2 19.3 0.7 1.2 41.6 26.5 0.9 6.6

Figure 4. Reason for Migration by Sex, Krong Pailin

50 40
Percent

30 20 10 0
W er sf an Tr k or e ac pl ch ar Se Em

Males Females

t en ym o pl

n io at uc Ed

ge ria ar M

ily m Fa

ed ov m iti am al C

ity ur ec s /In es

n io at tri a ep R

th O

er

VII.

Household Amenities

Main Source of Drinking Water

The percentage distribution of households according to main source of drinking water is given in Table 6. Piped water, water from tube/pipe well and water bought may be considered comparatively safer. Viewed from this angle only 13.1 percent of the households in the province have access to safe drinking water.

293

Table 6. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Krong Pailin

Province24

Main Source of Drinking Water Total Piped water Tube/pipe well Dug well Spring, river stream, lake/pond, rain. Bought Other

Households
100 0.8 2.4 41.8 44.6 9.9 0.5

Figure 5. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Drinking Water, Krong Pailin

Dug Well

Bought

Tube/Pipe Well Piped water Other

Spring, river etc.

Main Source of Light

Most of households in the province use kerosene lamps for lighting (Table 7). The percentage of households using electricity from general electric power and/or generator is 23.1.

Table 7. Distribution of Households by Main Source of Light, Krong Pailin Total City Power
11.1

Generator

100

Kerosene Battery Other Both City Sources Power and Generator 8.2 3.8 69.8 2.4 4.7

Toilet Facility
Toilet facility within premises is available only to 19.8 percent of households in the province.

294

Fuel for Cooking

Province24

Proportion of households using charcoal as fuel for cooking is the highest (Table 8). Firewood occupies the second position.

Table 8. Distribution of Households by Main Type of Fuel for Cooking, Krong Pailin

Total

Firewood

Charcoal

Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

1.3

Others

100

40.5

56.5

1.6

0.1

295

Province24

Table P-24. Final Population Totals, Krong Pailin Province, 1998

Province/ District/ Commune Krong Pailin - Total - Urban - Rural Pailin (U) Sangkat Pailin Ou Ta Vao Toul Lvea Ba Yakha Sala Krau (U) Sala Krau Stueng Trang Stueng Kach Ou Andoung Total Number of Households Population Both Sexes Males Females Sex Ratio Average Household Size (*)

Code 24

4,133 4,133 2,795 1,386 317 616 476 1,338 156 214 789 179

22,906 22,906 15,800 8,510 1,589 3,422 2,279 7,106 744 1,280 4,141 941

12,392 12,392 8,632 4,944 789 1,772 1,127 3,760 365 802 2,132 461

10,514 10,514 7,168 3,566 800 1,650 1,152 3,346 379 478 2,009 480

117.9 117.9 120.4 138.6 98.6 107.4 97.8 112.4 96.3 167.8 106.1 96.0

5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.2 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.3

01 01 02 03 04 02 01 02 03 04

(*) Based on Normal or Regular Households

296

Annex-1
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL Identification Particulars Khet / Krong Name Code Building / Structure and Household Particulars Line No. Building / Structure Number Predominant construction material of Building/Structure* Srok / Khand Khum / Sangkat Phum / Mondol

FORM A HOUSELIST

Royal Government Of Cambodia General Population Census of Cambodia, 1998

Page Number. ............. Total number of pages for the E.A ............

Enumeration Area No.

Purpose of Building/ Structure 1: Residence 2: Residence & Shop 3: Residence & Workshop 4: Residence & any other establishment (specify) (Enter Code)

Household No.

Particulars of Head of Household

Number of persons usually living in the household

Rem

Wall

Roof

Floor

Name

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Sex 1: Male 2: Female (Enter Code) 9

Males

Females

Persons

10

11

12

(** Count the number of entries and give total) **Total * KEY TO CODES Wall Material (Column 3) 1. Bamboo / Thatch / Grass / Reeds 2. Earth 3. Wood / Plywood 4. Concrete / Brick / Stone 5. Galvanised Iron / Aluminium / Other metal sheets 6. Asbestos cement sheets 7. Salvaged / Improvised materials 8. Other (specify) Roof Material (Column 4) 1. Bamboo / Thatch / Grass 2. Tiles 3. Wood / Plywood 4. Concrete / Brick / Stone 5. Galvanised Iron / Aluminium / Other metal sheets 6. Asbestos cement sheets 7. Plastic / Synthetic material sheets 8. Other (specify) Floor Material (Column 5) 1. Earth / Clay 2. Wood / Bamboo planks 3. Cement / Brick / Stone 4. Polished stone 5. Parquet / Polished wood 6. Mosaic / Ceramic tiles 7. Other (specify)

Total

Name of Enumerator: .......................................................................... _____________________________________ ___..__/_____/_____ Signature Date Name of Supervisor: .......................................................................... ____________________________________ _____/_____/_____ Signature Date

297

Annex1

Royal Government Of Cambodia General Population Census of Cambodia, 1998

Identification Particulars
Khet / Krong Srok / Khand Khum / Sangkat Phum / Mondol Enumeration Area No. Building No.

STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
FORM B HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE PART 1

Household No.

Name of Head of Household

Name Code Population Particulars Statement 1.1: Usual Members Present on Census Night
Type of Household / Population (Give appropriate code in the box below) 1: Normal or Regular Household 2: Institutional Household * 3: Homeless Household * 4: Boat Population* 5: Transient Population* (Specify location) ....................................... Sl. No. Full Name Relationship to Head of Household Sex 1: Male 2: Female (Enter Code) 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 4

Statement 1.2:
Sl. No. Full Name

Visitors Present on Census Night

Relationship to Head of Household Sex 1: Male 2: Female (Enter Code) Usual Residence Within Cambodia
Give name of district and write name of province within brackets

Outside Cambodia
Give name of country

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Statement 1.3:
Sl. No.

Usual Members Absent on Census Night

Relationship to Head of Household 1: Male 2: Female (Enter Code) Sex Age Location on Census Night Within Cambodia Give name of district and write name of province within brackets 6 Outside Cambodia Give name of country How long Absent (in completed months) Write 0 for less than 1 month 8

Full Name

Total No. of Persons in Statement 1.1

Total No. of Persons in Statement 1.2

1 2 3 4 5

Total No. of Persons in Statements 1.1 and 1.2

Number of Form B used for the Household

*In these cases, fill-in only Identification Particulars. Population Particulars in Statements 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 are not to be collected in these cases.

Name Enumerator:.......................................................... Supervisor:............................................................

Signature
........................................................ ........................................................

Day

Month

Year

............../................../................ ............../................../................

298

FORM B HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE PART 2: INDIVIDUAL PARTICULARS

FOR ALL PERSONS
Sl. No. 1 Full Name 2 Names of Usual Members Present and Visitors (Please refer to Statements 1.1 and 1.2 in Part 1) Relationship 3 Relationship to Head of Household (Enter Code from list below) Sex 4 1: Male 2: Female (Enter Code) Age 5 Age in completed years 00: Less than 1 year 01: 1 year 02: 2 years . . 97: 97 years 98: 98 years and over Marital Status 6 Marital Status 1: Never Married 2: Married 3: Widowed 4: Divorced 5: Separated (Enter Code) Mother Tongue 7 Mother Tongue 1: Khmer 2: Vietnamese 3: Chinese 4: Lao 5: Thai 6: French 7: English 8: Other (specify) Religion 8 Religion 1: Buddhism 2: Islam 3: Christianity 4: Other (specify) Birth Place 9 Place of Birth If in this village, enter code 1. If in another village, give name of district of that village and write name of province within brackets. If outside Cambodia, write name of country. Previous Residence 10 Where have you been living before? If always lived in this village, enter code 1 and skip to 13. If in another village give name of district of that village and write name of province within brackets. If outside Cambodia write name of Country. Duration of Stay 11 How long have you lived in this village? (Enter Code from list below) Reason for Migration 12 Give reason for change of residence, if present residence is different from previous residence. (Enter Code from list below)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Codes for Column 3 Relationship to Head of Household

1: Head 2: Wife / Husband 3: Son / Daughter 4: Father / Mother 5: Grand Child 6: Other Relative 7: Non-relative

Codes for Column 11 Duration of Stay

00: Less than 1 year 01: 1 to less than 2 years 02: 2 to less than 3 years . . 10: 10 to less than 11 years . 20: 20 to less than 21 years . 97: 97 to less than 98 years 98: 98 years and over

Codes for Column 12 Reason for Migration

1: Transfer of work place 2: In search of employment 3: Education 4: Marriage 5: Family moved 6: Natural calamities or insecurity 7: Repatriation or Return after displacement 8: Visiting only 9: Other (specify)

299

FOR ALL PERSONS

Literacy 13 Can you read and write with understanding in any language? 1: Yes 2: No (Enter Code) Full Time Education 14 (a) Have you ever attended School/ Educational Institution? 1: Never 2: Now 3: Past (Enter Code) (b) What is the highest grade completed? (Enter Code from list below) Main Activity 15 Main activity during last year (Enter Code from list below) Employment Period 16 No. of months employed in the last 12 months Occupation 17 Name of Occupation Employment Status 18 Employment Status / Class (Enter Code from list below) Industry, Trade or Service 19 Nature of Industry, Trade or S ervice Sector of Employment 20 Sector in which Employed (Enter Code from list below)

Codes for Column 14 (b) What is the highest grade completed? For Never in 14 (a) put dash ( ) For Now or Past in 14 (a), Code as follows:00: No class completed 01: Class 1 completed 02: Class 2 completed . . 11: Class 11 completed 12: Class 12 completed 13: Secondary School / Certificate / Diploma 14: Undergraduate 15: Graduate / Degree holder 16: Postgraduate 17: Other (specify)

Codes for Column 15 Main Activity During Last Year 1: Employed (Fill in Cols. 16 to 20) 2: Unemployed (Employed any time before) (Fill in Cols. 16 to 20 for last employment) 3: Unemployed (Never employed any time before) Inactive 4: Home maker 5: Student 6: Dependent 7: Rent-receiver, Retired or other income recipient 8: Other (Specify) (For codes 3 to 8, put dash ( - ) in Cols. 16 to 20)

Codes for Column 18 Employment Status 1: Employer 2: Paid employee 3: Own - account worker 4: Unpaid family worker 5: Other (specify)

Codes for Column 20 Sector of Employment 1: Government 2: State-owned enterprise (Parastatal) 3: Cooperative 4: Private 5: Other (specify)

300

FORM B: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE PART 3: FERTILITY INFORMATION OF FEMALES AGED 15 AND OVER LISTED IN COLUMN 2 OF PART 2
Sl. No. 1 Full Name 2 Sl No. in Col. 1 of Part 2 3 Fertility Information 4 Number of Children Born (Give number in two digits like 01, 02,...................10, 11 etc. If none, write 00) How many children have been born alive to the woman ? (a) Male (b) Female How many of them are living? How many of them have died? 5 Particulars of Birth in the last 12 months Any child born alive to the woman during the last 12 months?
(Give actual number like 1,2,... If none, write 0)

(c) Male

(d) Female

(e) Male

(f) Female

Male

Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

FORM B HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE PART 4: HOUSING CONDITIONS AND FACILITIES** (Enter Code in the box below)
On what basis does the household occupy this dwelling? 1 Main source of light Main cooking fuel Toilet facility within premises 4 Main source of drinking water supply No. of rooms occupied by household (exclude kitchen, bathroom, toilet and storeroom) 6

1: Owner occupied 2: Rent 3: Not owner, but rent free 4: Other (specify)

1: City power 2: Generator 3: Both city power and generator 4: Kerosene 5: Candle 6: Battery 7: Other (specify) ..........................

1: Firewood 2: Charcoal 3: Kerosene 4: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 5: Electricity 6: None 7: Other (specify) ..........................

1: Available 2: Not available

1: Piped water 2: Tube / pipe well 3: Dug well 4: Spring, river, stream, lake / pond, rain 5: Bought 6: Other (specify) .............................

.........................

1: One Room 2: Two Rooms 3: Three Rooms 4: Four Rooms 5: Five Rooms 6: Six Rooms 7: Seven Rooms 8: Eight Rooms and above

**Part 4 need not be filled-in for Institutional and Homeless Households and for Boat and Transient Population

301

Annex2 General Population Census of Cambodia, 1998 List of Priority Tables

Sl. No. Table No. Title

(i) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

General Population and Housing Tables Population by Marital Status, Sex and Age Population by Single Years of Age and Sex Population by Religion, Age and Sex Population by Relationship to Head of Household, Age and Sex Buildings/Structures with Households, classified as residential and partly residential Distribution of Buildings/Structures (Residential + Partly Residential) by Predominant material of Roof, Wall and Floor

A1 A1-Appendix: A3 A4 A5 A6

(ii) 7. 8. 9 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 (iii) 27. 28. 29. C1 C2 C3

Education and Economic Activity Tables Population by Usual Activity Status, Age and Sex Population by Literacy, Level of Education, Usual Activity Status, Age and Sex Population Attending School/Educational Institution by Literacy, Level of Education, Age and Sex Employed Persons by Status in Employment, Age and Sex Unemployed Persons by Status in last Employment, Age and Sex Usual Active Population (excluding Unemployed and Never employed before) by Main Status in Employment, Industry and Sex Usual Active Population (excluding Unemployed and Never employed before) by Main Status in Employment, Occupation and Sex Economically Active Population by Industrial Category, Major Group of Occupation and Sex Population not Usually Economically Active by Functional Categories, Age and Sex Households by Size of Household and Number of Usually Economically Active Members Heads of Households (aged 10 and above) by Economic Active Status, Age and Sex Employed Population by Main Status in Employment, Industry and Sex Employed Population by Main Status in Employment, Occupation and Sex Usually Active Population (excluding Unemployed Never Employed before) by Literacy, Level of Education, Occupation and Sex Employed Population by Literacy, Level of Education, Occupation and Sex Employed Persons by Number of Months employed in the last year, Age and Sex Unemployed Persons (employed any time before) by Number of Months employed in the last year, Age and Sex Employed Population by Industrial category, Age and Sex Employed Females by Industrial category and Marital Status Employed Population Aged 5 to 20 by School Attendance and Single Year of Age Migration Tables Population in Cambodia by Place of Birth and Sex Population in each province by Place of Birth and Sex Migrants classified by Place of Last Residence, Duration of Residence in Place of Enumeration and Sex

302

Annex2 Sl. No. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Table No. Title

C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 (iv)

Migrants from other Provinces classified by Province of Enumeration, Province of Previous Residence, Duration of Stay and Sex Migrants by Place of Last Residence, Reason for Migration, Duration of Residence and Sex Migrant Economically Active Population by Place of Last Residence, Industrial Category and Sex Migrant Economically Active Population by Place of Last Residence, Occupational Major Group and Sex Migrants from Place of Last Residence by Educational Level, Age and Sex Migrants in the previous five years by Age group and Sex Fertility Tables Females aged 15 and above bearing children during last year by Age, Educational level and Births during last year by Birth Order Females aged 15 and above bearing children during last year by Age, Economic Activity Status and Births during last year by Birth Order Females aged 15 and above by Parity, Total Children Ever Born, Age and Educational level Females aged 15 and above by Parity, Total Children Ever Born, Age and Economic Activity Status Females aged 15 and above by Number of Surviving Children, Age and Educational level Females aged 15 and above by Number of Surviving Children, Age and Economic Activity Status Age Specific Fertility Rates and Total Fertility Rate Age Specific Fertility Rates and Total Fertility Rate by Educational Level Household Amenities Tables Households by Tenure Status of Dwelling, Household Size and Number of Rooms Occupied Households classified by Main source of Light used Households classified by Type of Fuel used for Cooking Households classified by Main Source of Drinking Water Distribution of Households and Population (in 10,000's) by Availability of Electric Power and Toilet Facilities. Households Classified by Source of Drinking Water, Availability of Electric Power and Toilet Facilities Households and Population by Type of Household

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D7A (v)

44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Notes: 1.

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7

Level of Presentation of Priority Tables Table Level of Presentation National Level National and Provincial Levels National, Provincial and District Levels

C1 and C4 C2, D7A All other Tables 2. Urban/Rural

At national and provincial levels, tables are presented separately for Total, Urban and Rural areas.

303

Annex 3

General Population Census of Cambodia, 1998 Publication Programme

The following reports are proposed to be published as and when ready during 1999-2000: 1. Provisional Population Totals 1 2. Final Census Results 2 3. Report of the Post-Enumeration Survey 4. The 1998 Census Tables for Cambodia and each of the 24 provinces (25 volumes) 5. Village Gazetteer 6. Organization and Administration of the General Population Census of Cambodia, 1998 7. Census Analytical Reports: (i) Nuptiality, Fertility and Mortality

(ii) Spatial Distribution and Migratory Movement of Population (iii) Economic Characteristics (iv) Literacy and Education (v) Housing and Household Characteristics (vi) Women in Cambodia (vii) Population Projections 8. General Census Report 9. Census Thematic Atlas

1 2

Already published The present publication 304