Experiment No 2

TISSUES
AIM: To identify parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues in plants and stripped,
smooth, and cardiac muscle fibres and nerve cells in animals, from prepared slides and to draw
their labelled diagrams.

MATERIAL REQUIRED: Compound microscope. Prepared slides of parenchyma, sclerenchyma,

striped muscles and nerve fibers and prepared charts of plant and animal tissues.

PROCEDURE:
1. Set permanent slides of parenchyma, sclerenchyma, striped muscle fibres and nerve cell oneby
one in the microscope and observe under compound microscope.
2. Draw diagram of each tissue structure and label them.
3. Note down the observations in the record book

OBSERVATIONS:
PARENCHYMA 1. Isodiametric cells which are oval,
spherical or polygonal in shape
2. Thin cellulosic cell wall
3. Cells are loosely packed with
intercellular spaces
4. Nucleus is present
5. Each cell has a vacuole in the
centre

COLLENCHYMA

1. cells are living, elongated, polygonal or isodiametric

2. cells are irregularly thickened at the corners due to
deposition of hemicellulose and pectin
3. cells are closely packed with very little intercellular
space
 SCLERENCHYMA
1. Cells may be hexagonal or elongated
2. Cell wall is thick
3. Cell contents including nucleus are absent , so the cell is dead
4. Cells are closely packed without intercellular spaces

STRIATED/ STRIPPED MUSCLE FIBRE

1. Cells are long, cylindrical, unbranched,
2. Alternate light and dark bands or striations present
3. Cells are multinucleate with nuclei located at
periphery
4. Muscles fibre is enveloped by sarcolemmma.

SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBRE

1. Cells are long with pointed ends (spindle-shaped) and unbranched.

2. Striates are absent
3. cells are uninucleate with centrally located nucleus

CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBRE

1. Cells are cylindrical and branched
2. Faint striations are present
3. Uninucleate with centrally located nucleus

NERVOUS TISSUE [NEURON]

A neuron consists of a
1. cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm
2. axon - long thin extension of cell body
3. dendrites - short, branched extensions of
cell body.