: The Periodic Table of the Elements vn ee 2 04 = 105 "= 106 = 107 = 308 =" 303 110 AIL 112 PET BT PET EE EE ia” | era asa emi | Eu sea ae nto) vet, ‘in’! ‘ts 7vValences of the Elements Rice ee ae end He Hyarogen 1,0, 2 He Helium ° 3 1 URhium 4,4 4 Be Beryllium 2 5 8 Boron 3,21 6 Carbon 4,3,2,4,-4,-2,-4 7 N- Nitrogen 5,4,3,2, 1,0,-1,-2,-3 8 © oxygen 2,1, 0,-1, 9 F Fluorine 0,4 10 Ne Neon ° Ne Sodium aa Mg Magnesium 2 Al Aluminum 34 P Phosphorus 5,4, S Sulfur 65, Cl Chlorine 6.5, Ar Argon ca Calcium Sc Scandium Ti Titanium Vv Vanadium 5, cr Chromium 6.5.4, 25 Mn Manganese 7.6.5 26 Fe Iron 6.5, 27 Co Cobalt 5, 28 Ni Nickel 6 29 cu Copper 31 Ge Gallium 3: Ge Germanium 34 Se Seleniun 35 Br Bromine 36 kr Krypton 2,0 37 Rb Rubidium aa 38 Sr Strontium 2 4 Nb Niobium 5,4,3,.2,1,0/-1,-3 42 Mo Molybdenum 65,4, 3, 2,1, 0,-1 43 Te Technetium 7,6,5,4, 3, 2,1,0,-1,-3 44 Ru Ruthenium 8, 7,6,5,4,3, 2, 1,0,-2 45 Rh Rhodium 6.5,4,3,2,1,0, Values in BOLD are common valences. Values in italics are predicted.# | Element Electron configuration 87_| Francium 1s72s’2p°3s"3p"4s’3d"Ap'5s'4d"5p'6s af Sd 6p'7s* 88 | Radium 1s?2s’2p°3s?3p"4s°3d“Ap"5s*4dSp"6s*4f Sd 6p7s* 89 | Actinium* 1s°2s*2p°3s’3p"ds’3d“dp'5s'4d"5p"6s ‘Af “Sd 6p"7s°6d" 90 | Thorium* 1s°2s'2p°3s 3p'4s'3d dp'5s'4d 5p'6s af Sd 6p 7s 6d 91 | Protactinium* | 1s’2s’2p°3s’3p'4s°3d"Ap'5s' 4d Sp'6s Af ‘Sd 6p'7s Sf 6d 92 | Uraniurn* 15°2s°2p°3s"3p"4s’3d"Ap'Ss'4d"Sp'6saf'Sd 6p '7s'5f6d~ 93 | Neptunium* 152s°2p°3s"3p"4s’3d"Ap'5s'4d"5p'6s df'Sd6p'7s'5f 6d~ 94 | Plutonium 1s°2s?2p°3s°3p°4s"3d“4p'5s"4d5p"6s ‘Af Sd“ 6p7s°5t* 95 _| Americium 1572s°2p°3s*3p"ds’3d"Ap'5s"dd"5p°6s df 5d 6p'7s'5f" 96 | Curium* 1s"2s"2p°3s'3p'4s'3dap'5s'4d"5p'6s AF Sd 6p'7s Sf 6d 97 | Berkelium 1s°2s’2p°3s'3p'4s'3d “dp'5s'4d" Sp'6s df Sd 6p°7s'S* 98 | Californium 1s"2s"2p°3s'3p'4s'3ddp'5s'4d Sp'6s dF Sd 6p 7s SF 99 | Einstenium 1s°2s°2p°3s"3p'4s°3d“dp'5s'4dSp'6s Af Sd 6p°7s°Sf 100 | Fermium 1s°2s°2p°3s"3p"4s’3d"Ap'5s'4d“Sp'6s Af Sd 6p'7s'5f 101 | Mendelevium | 15°2s°2p°3s'Sp'ds'3d™4p'5s'4d™ Sp'6s Af Sd 6p'7s'Sf 102 | Nobelium 1s’2s"2p°3s'3p'4s'3dAp'5s'4dSp'6s dF Sd 6p'7s Sf 103 | Lawrencium 1s°2s’2p°3s'3p'4s'3dAp'5s 4d 5p'6s AF “Sd 6p°7s'5f“6d 104 | Rutherfordium | 1s°2s’2p°3s"3p"4s’3d"“4p'5s' 4d“ Sp'6s df Sd 6p 7s'5f Gd 105 | Dubnium 15°2s°2p°3s"3p"4s’3d"Ap'Ss'4d"Sp'6sdF'Sd6p'7s5fGd> 106 | Seaborgium 1s2s?2p°3s°3p°4s’3ddp°5s*4d"5p°6s "AF 5d 6p'7s"5F 6d" 107 | Borium 15'25"2p°8s'Spr4s'3d4p'5s'4d™ Sp'6s Af Sd 6p'7s Sf 6d” 108 | Hassium 1572s°2p°3s*3p"As’3d"Ap"5s"dd"5p'6sdf "Sd 6p'7s'5fGd° 109 | Meitnerium 1s°2s°2p°3s'3p'ds'3d“dp'5s'4d Sp'6s AF Sd 6p°7s' Sf 6d" 140 | Ununnilium 1s’2s"2p'3s'3p'4s'3dAp'5s 4d 5p 6s af Sd 6p'7s Sf 6d 111 | Unununium 1s°2s"2p°3s"3p'4s'3dAp'5s "4d" Sp'6s df Sd 6p 7s'5f 6d 112 | Ununbium 1572s°2p°3s*3p"4s?3d°Ap'5s"4d"5p°6s"4f'5d-6p'7s5f6d 114 | Ununquadrium | 1572s*2p°3s*3p"4s’3d“"4p"5s"4d"5p°6s4f Sd 6p'7s'5f 6d 7p™ 116 | Ununhexium | 1s°2s°2p°3s"Sp'4s"Sd™Ap'5s'4d™Sp'6s'AF Sd p's Sf 6d 7p" * Exception to the aufbau principle of writing electron configuration.Electron configuration of every element in the periodic table # [Element Electron configuration 1_| Hydrogen is 2_| Heliurn| ie 3_[tithiue 1s 4 | Beryllium 1829 5 | Boron 15°2s°2p" 6 | Carbon 1s'2s!op? 7_[ Nitrogen 1525720 | Oxygen 1522p) | Fluorine 1s'2s'2p° 10 | Neon 15°22°2p) 11 | Sodium 1s°2s2p3e 42 | Magnesium | 1s"2s"2p"35 13 | Aluminum 15°2s"2p'3s"3p" 14 | Silicon 15'25'2p'3s'3p" 15 | Phosphorous | 1s'2s°2p°3s"ap" 416 | Sulfur 15°2s°2p"3s"3p 17 | Chlorine 15'2s'2p'35"3p" 18 | Argon 15°22"2p'3:"3p" 18 | Potassium 1s°2s°2p"3s"3pTae 20 | Calcium 15'2s'2p'3s"3p"4s 21 | Scandium 15°2s'2p'3s"3p%4s'3d7 22 | Titanium 15'25'2p'3s"3p"4s'3d" 23 | Vanadium 1s'2s'2p'3s'3p'4s3d 2a | Chromium | 1s°2s°2p"3s"3p'ds"3d™ 25 | Manganese | 1s'2s°2p"3s"3p"ds"3d" 26 | Iron 1s'2s'2p'3s'3p'4s'3d 27 | Cobalt 15°2s°2p'3s pide" 3d” 28 | Nickel 1s'2s'2p'3s"3p%4s"3d 23 | Copper* 15!2s"2p"3s"3pids!3a 30 | Zinc 15'25'2p°3s"3p"4s'3d™ 31 | Gallium 1s'2s"2p'3s'3p'4s'3d 4p" 32 | Germanium | 1s'2s'2p"3s"3p"4s30™Gp 38 | Arsenic 1512s"2p'3s"3p"4s"3d™4p" 34 | Selenium 1s"2s"aplastaphas'sd apt 35 | Bromine 15'25"2p'3s"3p"4s"3d™4p 36 | Krypton 1s'2s"2p'3s"3p%4s'3d%4p 37 | Rubidium 1s'2s12p'3s"api4s"3d™Ap5s" 38 | Strontium 1s'2eT2pae"ap"as"3d™4p"50 39 | Yttrium 1s'25'2p'3s'3p'4s'3d"4p'5s ad" 40_| Zirconium 15'25"2p'35"3p"4s'30 p's adh 41 | Nobium 15526 2p'3e3phde 3d Up SAP 42 | Molybdenum* | 1s"2s'2p'3s"ap'4s'3d"4p'Ss4d 43 [Technetium | 1s"2s'2p'3s"3p"4s'2d"4p"Ss adh# | Element Electron configuration ‘44 | Ruthenium? | 15°2s°2p°3s"3p'4s'3d™ap'Ss"ad) 45 | Rhodium* 15'2s'2p*3s73p%ast3d™ap*5slad? 46 | Palladiun® 1s:2s°2p°3s'3p'4s 3d 4prad™ 47 | Silver* 15°25'2p"3s'3p"4s'3d4p'5s 4d" 48 | Cadmium 1s725°2p'3s"3p'4s"3d“Gp'Ss 4d" 48 | Indium 15'25'2p"3s"3p"4s'3d “4p5s'4d"Sp 50 | Tin 1s'25°2p'3s"3p'ds Sdap'Ss'4d™5p 51_| Antimony 15°25°2p°3s"ap"4s 3d ap'ss4d™5p* 52_| Tellurium 1s'2s°2p"3e"3p'ds 3d ap Ss 4d Sp 53 | lodine 1572s"2p°3s"3p%4s"ad"4p'5s%4d™ 5p 54 | Xenon! 15'25"2p"35"3p'4s 3d “4p'5s 4d 5p" 55 | Cesium 1s725°2p°8s"Bp"4s Bd ap'S4d Sp GT 56 | Barium 15'2s72p°3s"3p"4s"3d™ 4p'5s "4d" 56s 57 [Lanthanium® | 15°2s"2p"3s"3p"4s'ad™4p'ss'4d5p"6s'5d™ 58 | Cerium? 1s725°2p°3s"3p'ds 3d “ap'5s 4d Sp Grafs 59 | Praseodymium | 1s°2s"2p"3s"ap"as'ad™ap"ss4d™5p%6s"ah 60 | Neodymium | 1s'2s%2p83s"3ptas'sd™ap'Ss4d™prerah 61 | Promethiuim | 1s°2s'2p"3s"3p'as'ad™ap'ss4d™5p'6s'ah 62 | Samarium 15'2s"2p'3s'3p'4s'3d 4p 5s'4d"5p'6s 4F 63 | Europium 1s'25"2p"3s'3pids'ad 4p'Ss4d™5p%6s"4F” 64 | Gadolinium* | 1s'2s"2p'3s'3p'4s3d"4p'5s 4d “Sp'6s 4f'5d" 65 | Terbium 1s725°2p'8s"Bp'4s'3d “Gp Ss 4d Sp 6s4F 66 | Dysprosium | 1s'2s"2p"3s"ap"as ad™apse 4d" 5p%6raf™ 67_| Holmium 1s725°2p'8s"Bp'ds Sd ap Ss'4d Sp 6s at 68 | Erbium 1572572p°3s73p'4s'ad"4p'5s4d" 5p 6s7a 69 | Thulium 15'25'2p°s'3p'ds'Sd “ap'5s'4d™5p'6s"4™ 70 | Vtterbiurs 15725°2p°3s73p"4s'3d “4p'5s4d" 5p 6s7aF™ 71 | Lutetium 15°25°2p°3s"3p'ds'3d™4p'5s°4d"5p%6s"aF'Sd° 72 | Hafnium 1572s%2p°3s"3p%4s'3d “ap'ss'4d “Sp ear Sd 73 | Tantalum 15°2s°2p°3s'3p'4s"3d" 4p'5s'4d"5p'6s°4F "5d 74 | Tungsten 1s'2s'2p"3s"3p"4s'3d“Gp'5s 4d“ Spies af"'Sd" 75_| Rhenium 15'25"2p'3s'3p'4s 3d “Gp'5s 4d “Sp'6s af Sd 76 | Osmium 15'25'2p"3s"3p"4s'3d “Gp"5s'4d“Sp%6safSd" 77_| Widiurn 1s 725°2p"3s"Bp'ds Sd ap'Ss "4d Sp 6s at Sd 78 | Platinum® 1s'25°2p°3s'3p"4s'3d “Gp'5s'4d5p6s'4F"Sd 79_| Gold* 1s12e°2p'3e"3p'ds 3d ap Ss 4d Sp GaP Sd 80_| Mercury 18'2512p°35'3p'4s'3d"ap'5s!ad™5p%6s"4F" 5d” 81 | Thallium 15/25) 2p'3s/3p'4s'3d 4p 5s 4d. Sp 6s 4F Sd Gp 82 | Lead 1s72s"2p'8s"3p"4s'3d"ap'5s'4d" 5p 6s°4F"Sd"6p" 83 | Bismuth 15'2s'2p'3s"3p'4s 3d 4p'Ss ad "Sp"6s af Sd 6p" 84 | Polonium 1725%2p°8s"3p"4s"ad4p'5s°4d" Sp 6s74F"'Sd Ep" 85 | Astatine 15"2s"2p"3s"3p"4s'3d™4p"5s'4d""Sp'6s af Sd” 6p" 86 | radon 15'2s'2p°3s'3p'ds 3d ap'5s'4d™5p'6s"af Sd" 6p"