Averages

QUANTITATIVE APTTITUDE

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Averages
Average is defined as the sum of the observations divided by the number of observations.

Important Formulae

Points to Remember
Formula based on numbers:

 Average of first n natural numbers = (n + 1)/2

 Average of squares of first n natural numbers = (n + 1) (2n + 1)/6

 Average of cubes of first n natural numbers = n (n + 1)2/4

 Average of first n even numbers = (last even number + 2)/2

 Average of first n odd numbers = (last odd number + 1)/2

 Average of squares of first n even numbers = 2n (n + 1) (2n + 1)/3

 Average of squares first n odd numbers = (2n + 1) (2n – 1)/3

EXAMPLES:

Q. Find the average of the first 50 natural numbers.

A. First 50 natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, …...…….., 50

Sum of first n natural numbers = [n ( n + 1 ) ] / 2

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⇒ (50 × (50 + 1))/2 = (50 × 51) / 2

⇒ 1275

Average = 1275 / 50 = 25.5

⇒ the average of first 50 natural numbers is 25.5

Weight & Height based

Types of Question
Different number of people having different weights

 Average weight of certain total no. of people is given. Out of total people, the average weight of
some is given. Average of the rest no. of people has to be found.

 Miscalculation or misplacement of weight

 Different no. of people having different heights

 Average height of a certain total no. of people is given. Out of total people, the average height of
some is given. Average of the rest no. of people has to be found.

 Miscalculation or misplacement of height.

Q. Out of a total of 10 students, the average weight of 9 students is 60 kg. If the weight of the 10th student
is 9 kg more than the average weight of all the 10 students, then the weight of 10th student would be:

A. Let the average weight of 10 students be x

Total weight of 10 students = 10x

Total weight of 9 students = 9 × 60 = 540 kg

Weight of 10th students = (x + 9) kg

According to question,

⇒ 10x - (x + 9) = 540

⇒ 9x = 549

⇒ x = 61 kg

∴ the weight of 10th student would be 70 kg.

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Different marks in different subjects based

Suppose a student got marks a, b, c, d, e in 5 subjects respectively.

So, total marks = a + b + c + d + e

Total no. of subjects = 5

Average marks = Total marks/Total no. of subjects

⇒ Average marks = (a + b + c + d + e)/5

Types of Questions:

 Different marks in more than one subject based

 More than one students and different marks based

 Certain number marks are given. Among them the average of certain marks is also given, some are
present and the remaining marks have to be found.

Example:

Q. Total marks obtained by 6 students in English are 65, 75, 65, 55, 80 and 90. Find their average marks?

A. Total marks = 65 + 75 + 65 + 55 + 80 + 90

⇒ 430

Average marks = 430/6

⇒ 71.66

⇒ Average marks is 71.66

Q. The average marks of A, B and C is 55 while the average marks of B, C and D is 60. If the sum of marks of
D and A is 65, then find the marks D got in the examination.

A. Total marks of A, B and C = (55 × 3) marks

⇒ 165 marks

Total marks of B, C and D = (60 × 3) marks

⇒ 180 marks

A + B + C = 165 ---- (i)

B + C + D = 180 ---- (ii)

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Now, Subtracting (i) from (ii)

⇒ D – A = 180 – 165

⇒ D – A = 15 ---- (iii)

And, Sum of marks of A and D is 65

A + D = 65 ---- (iv)

Now, adding (iii) and (iv)

⇒ 2D = 80

⇒ D = 40

∴ D got 40 marks in the examination

Either people join or leave

People Join
Let number of people = A

Whose average weight x kg

Total weight of A number of people = Ax kg

B number of people joins having an average weight y kg.

Total weight of B number of people = By kg

Now, total number of people = A + B

Total weight of them = (Ax + By) kg.

Average weight of them = {(Ax + By)/(A + B} kg

Example:

Q. The average weight of a group of 12 students is 80 kg. If three new students join this group, the average
weight decreases by 10. Find the average weight of newly joined students.

A. Total weight of 12 students = 12 × 80 = 960 kg.

After 3 new students join,

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⇒ Average = 70 kg.

Total weight of 15 students = 15 × 70 = 1050 kg.

Total weight of newly joined students = 1050 – 960 = 90 kg.

Average of newly joined students = 90/3 = 30 kg.

∴ Average weight of newly joined students is 30 kg.

Important Questions based on Real Life Situations

Q. The average age of a cricket team of eleven players is 27 years. If two more players are included in the
team the average becomes 26 years, then the average age (in years) of the two included players is:

A.

Average age of eleven players is = 27 years

Sum of age of 11 players = 27 × 11 = 297 years

⇒ If two players are included in the team, then average age of 13 players = 26 years

⇒ Sum of age of 13 players = 13 × 26 = 338 years

⇒ Sum of age of two players (included) = 338 - 297 = 41 years

⇒ Average age of two players (included) = 41/2 = 20.5 years

Q. Ramu’s average daily expenditure is Rs. 12 during May, Rs. 14 during June and Rs. 16 during July. His
approximate daily expenditure for the 3 months is:

A.

We know, Average of quantities = sum of all quantities/no. of quantities

Ramu’s average daily expenditure is Rs. 12 during May. So, his total expenditure in May = Rs. 12 × 31 = Rs. 372

His average expenditure is Rs. 14 during June. So, his total expenditure in June = Rs. 14 × 30 = Rs. 420

And his average expenditure is Rs. 16 during July. So, his total expenditure in July = Rs. 16 × 31 = Rs. 496

His total expenditure in these 3 months (i.e. 31 + 30 + 31 = 92 days) = Rs. (372 + 420 + 496) = Rs. 1288

⇒ His approximate daily expenditure for these 3 months will be = Rs. 1288/92 = Rs. 14

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Q. A cricketer had a certain average of runs for his 43 innings. In his 44th innings, he is bowled out for no
score on his part. This brings down his average by three runs. Find his new average of runs.

A. Concept:

Total runs = Number of wickets × Average

Solution:

Let the average of runs be x

Total runs = Number of innings × Average

⇒ 43 × x = 44 × (x – 3)

⇒ x = 132

New average = x – 3 = 132 – 3 = 129

Q. The average age of a family of 6 members is 25 years. If the age of the youngest member of the family is
8 years, then find the average age of the members of the family just before the birth of the youngest
member.

A.

Total age of a family of 6 members = 6 × 25 = 150 years

⇒ Total age of a family of 6 members before 8 years = 150 – (8 × 6) = 102 years

⇒ The average age of the family just before the birth of the youngest = 102/(6 – 1) = 20.4 years

Q. In a hostel, 52 students are living. If 18 students are joined in this hostel than average expenditure will
be 3 rupees less whenever total expenditure 510 rupees will be increased. Find the total expenditure of
initially.

A.

Let the average expenditure of initially students be x,

⇒ 52x + 510 = (52 + 18) × (x – 3)

⇒ 18x = 720

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⇒ x = 40

∴ Total expenditure of 52 students = 52 × 40 = 2080

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