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 𝐵𝑒
𝑃𝑒 𝑁
𝑃𝑒
𝑃𝑒 = 1 − (1 − 𝐵𝑒 )𝑁

𝐵𝑒 = 10−12 𝑃𝑒 = 1.2 × 10−8

𝑃𝑒 = 1.2 × 10−9
 − −

− −
–
− −
 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑀𝑇𝐵𝐹
𝐴= =
(𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 + 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒) (𝑀𝑇𝐵𝐹 + 𝑀𝑇𝑇𝑅)

𝑅 = 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡

𝜆
1
𝜆=
𝑀𝑇𝐵𝐹
𝐿
1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑀𝑇𝐵𝐹 = ∗ 𝐶𝐶
𝐿
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 500𝜇𝑠

𝑅 = 1 − 10−5
−6
𝑅 = 1 − 10

10−4 10−6
 1 𝑑
𝜆= =
𝑀𝑇𝐵𝐹 𝐶𝐶
𝑑 0.3
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 = 𝑒 (−𝑐𝑐∗𝑡) = 𝑒 (−600∗𝑡) = 0.995012479 = 99.5%

𝐵
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 𝑅3

𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅 = 1 − (1 − 𝑅1) ∗ (1 − 𝑅2) = 1 − (1 − 0.995012479)2 = 0.999975125 = 99.998%

𝑅 = 1 − 10−5
 𝑅 = 1 − 𝑝2
𝑝

𝑅 = 1 − 𝑝4
 𝑅1 = 𝑅21 = 𝑅22 = 09995

𝑅𝑆𝑌𝑆 = 1 − ((1 − 𝑅𝐴) ∗ (1 − 𝑅𝐵)) = 1 − ((1 − 𝑅1 ∗ 𝑅11) ∗ (1 − 𝑅21 ∗ 𝑅22 ∗ 𝑅23))

= 1 − ((1 − 0.995 ∗ 0.99999) ∗ (1 − 0.9995 ∗ 0.9995 ∗ 0.99999))
= 0.999999485 = 99.99995%

1 − 10−6
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(𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 − 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 ) > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝐵𝑆2𝐵𝑆
 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 − 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝐵𝑆2𝐵𝑆

(𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 − 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 )
> 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 − (𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵𝑆2𝑈𝐸 −𝐵 − 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵𝑆2𝑈𝐸 −𝐴 ) + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 + 2
∗ 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵2𝑆𝑈𝐸−𝐵 − 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑈𝐸2𝑈𝐸 (𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 − 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 )
> 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + (𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵𝑆2𝑈𝐸 −𝐴 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵𝑆2𝑈𝐸−𝐵 ) + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛
− 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜_𝑈𝐸2𝑈𝐸

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(𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 − 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 ) > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝛼𝑁𝐿𝑂𝑆 ∗ 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒

𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 − (𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵𝑆2𝑈𝐸−𝐵 − 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵𝑆2𝑈𝐸−𝐴 ) + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝑈𝐸2𝑈𝐸

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𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝑈𝐸2𝑈𝐸

 (𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 − 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 ) > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝐵𝑆2𝐵𝑆

𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 − 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝐵𝑆2𝐵𝑆

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(𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 − 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 ) > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝛼𝑁𝐿𝑂𝑆 ∗ 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜_𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙_𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 •

𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝑈𝐸2𝑈𝐸

(𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 − 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 ) > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝐵𝑆2𝐵𝑆

𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 − 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝐵𝑆2𝐵𝑆

𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 > 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑆𝑦𝑛𝑐 + [𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵𝑆2𝐵𝑆 + 𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑛 → 𝑜𝑓𝑓] + [𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑓𝑓 → 𝑜𝑛]

(𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 − 𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 ) > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝛼𝑁𝐿𝑂𝑆 ∗ 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒

𝑇𝐴𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 > 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝑈𝐸2𝑈𝐸

𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 > 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐 + [𝛼𝑁𝐿𝑂𝑆 ∗ 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 ] + [𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑛 →𝑜𝑓𝑓 ]

𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 ≥ 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑆𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 𝑚𝑎𝑥 [(𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑛 →𝑜𝑓𝑓 + 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝐵𝑆2𝐵𝑆 ), (𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 + 𝛼𝑁𝐿𝑂𝑆 ∗ 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 )]
𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒

+ 𝑚𝑎𝑥[(𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 ), (𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 )]

𝑇𝐺𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐷 ≥ 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑆𝑦𝑛𝑐 + 2 ∗ 𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝_𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙_𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 + 𝑚𝑎𝑥[(𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑛 →𝑜𝑓𝑓 ), (𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 )]
+ 𝑚𝑎𝑥[(𝑇𝐵𝑆 𝑜𝑓𝑓→𝑜𝑛 ), (𝑇𝑈𝐸 𝑜𝑛→𝑜𝑓𝑓 )]

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