Finite Element Analysis Lab

7th SEMESTER

Submitted by Arqam Ahmad

Class / Section ME 12 C
CMS ID 334444
Submitted to LE Ibrahim Khan

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

 Abstract

The document demonstrates the FEA analysis on a particular beam problem and validation of COMSOL
calculations with hand calculations.

Introduction

Introduction to FEA
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a powerful numerical technique that has revolutionized the field of
engineering and computational science. It serves as a virtual laboratory, enabling engineers and
researchers to simulate and analyze complex physical phenomena across various disciplines, from
structural mechanics and heat transfer to fluid dynamics and electromagnetics. FEA breaks down intricate
real-world systems into smaller, manageable elements, allowing for the accurate prediction of how these
systems will behave under different conditions. As a cornerstone of modern engineering design and
analysis, FEA empowers professionals to optimize structures, products, and processes, ultimately leading
to safer, more efficient, and cost-effective solutions in an ever-evolving technological landscape. In this
exploration of Finite Element Analysis, we delve into its principles, applications, and the profound impact
it has had on the way we conceive, design, and innovate in the world of engineering.
Non-uniform Distributed Loading in Beams
Non-uniform distributed loading in beams refers to a situation where the load acting on a beam varies
along its length. Unlike a uniform distributed load, where the load intensity remains constant, a non-
uniform distributed load can change in magnitude or distribution over the span of the beam. This type of
loading scenario is common in real-world applications and requires careful analysis to determine the
resulting internal forces and bending moments within the beam.

The magnitude of this force is calculated by taking the area of the enclosed figure while the location of the
total applied force is determined by using Principal of Moments and Equivalent couple moment system.

Methodology

The dimensions of the geometry were provided in the figure of the problem. The bottom-left node was
pinned, and the bottom-right was given a roller support. Furthermore, a distributed load was applied
accordingly. For this particular problem, the material was Structural Steel. Here is the figure of our
problem:

For distributed load:

 Analytical Calculations

First, let us convert the distributed load into an equivalent resultant force.

𝐹1 = 6(4) = 24 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥1 = 3 𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡

1
𝐹2 = (6)(4) = 12 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥2 = 4 𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡
2
𝐹𝑅 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 = 24 + 12 = 36 𝑘𝑁
For the location:

36𝑥 = 24(3) + 12(4)

36𝑥 = 72 + 48
36𝑥 = 120
 𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎

From the equations of equilibrium:

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝑹𝑨𝒙 = 𝟎

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝑅𝐴𝑦 + 𝑅𝐵𝑦 = 𝐹𝑅

𝑅𝐴𝑦 + 𝑅𝐵𝑦 = 36 … … … (1)

∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

6𝑅𝐵𝑦 = 36(3.33)

𝑹𝑩𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵

Put this value in eq. (1):

𝑅𝐴𝑦 + 20 = 36

𝑹𝑨𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝑵

This means:
0
𝑅𝐴 = [ ] 𝑘𝑁
16
0
𝑅𝐵 = [ ] 𝑘𝑁
20
 COMSOL Calculations

The analysis was performed using a Finer mesh. Here are the results observed:
 Total reaction force, x-component (N) 0.0000

Total reaction force, y-component (N) 36006

Total reaction force, z-component (N) 0.0000

Total reaction moment, x-component (N*m) 0.0000

Total reaction moment, y-component (N*m) 0.0000

Total reaction moment, z-component (N*m) 1.2002E5

Conclusion

The analysis performed on COMSOL was correct and the results are the same as the results obtained by
hand calculations. In short, we learned how to apply a trapezoidal force on a beam and use it to solve a
simple beam problem. If we change the mesh size, then there may be some difference in decimal places
for our readings since by increasing the mesh size, the no of elements increases and the convergence band
also varies accordingly.