6.4.

Design of sidhi

The staircase is designed as a longitudinal staircase and modelled as a slab supported simply

at the first riser and the end of landing.

Design parameters:

Storey height = 12’ = 3.6576m

Riser = 8” = 0.2032m

Tread = 1’ = 0.3048m

Live load = 4kN/m2

Specific weight of concrete = 25kN/m3

Floor finish = 1kN/m2

Lower flight:

Number of risers = 8

Number of treads = 7

Going length = 7*11” = 77” = 1.9558m

Landing length = 4’11” = 1.4986m

Total span = 77” + 4’11” = 3.4544m

Effective span = Total span + Bearing = 3.4544m + 0.1143m = 3.5687m

Upper flight:

Number of risers = 8

Number of treads = 7

Going length = 7*11” = 77” = 1.9558m

Landing length = 4’11” = 1.4986m

Total span = 77” + 4’11” = 3.4544m

Effective span = Total span + Bearing = 3.4544m + 0.1143m = 3.5687m

Intermediate flight:

Number of risers = 5

Number of treads = 4

Going length = 4*11’ = 44” = 1.1176m

Landing length = 4’11” = 1.4986m

Total span = 44” = 1.1176m

Effective span = Total span + Bearing = 44’+9”/2 =1.2319m

The flight with the greatest span is taken for design of all flights.

Thus, lower flight or upper flight is analyzed and designed.

Design of lower flight:

Given waist slab depth D = 150mm

Each step is treated as an equivalent rectangular section of D1/2 depth and ‘b’ width defined as

follows:

TR
D 1=b+
b

b=√ T + R
2 2
Here, Tread T = 11” = 11*2.54cm = 27.94cm

And, Riser R = 8” = 8*2.54cm = 20.32cm

Thus, b = √ 27.942 +20.322 = 34.5477cm

27.94∗20.32
And, D1 = 34.5477 + =50.995
34.5477
Now,

DL on landing

= Self-weight + Floor finish

= 25*0.15 + 1

= 4.75kN/m2

So, UDL due to DL on landing = 4.75kN/m2*1.4986=7.1184kN/m

Then,

DL on going

= Self weight of waist slab + Self weight of steps + Floor finish

Here,

Self-weight of steps = 25*(0.5*0.2794*0.2032*1.49860) *7 = 7.44kN

Self-weight of waist slab = 25*0.335477*0.15*1.4986*7 = 13.197kN

Floor finish = 1*(0.2794*7+0.2032*8)*1.4986 = 5.367kN

Therefore,

Total DL on going = 7.44+13.197+5.367 = 36.004kN

So, UDL due to DL on going = 36.004kN/1.9558= 18.408kN/m

Again,

LL = 4kN/m2

UDL due to LL = 4*(1.4986) = 5.9944kN/m

Finally,

UDL on landing = UDL due to DL + UDL due to LL = 5.62 + 5.9944 = 11.614 kN/m

UDL on going = UDL due to DL + UDL due to LL = 18.408 + 5.9944 = 24.402kN/m

Factored UDL on landing = 1.5*11.614= 17.421kN/m

Factored UDL on going = 1.5*24.402 = 36.603kN/m

 Design table:

References Calculations Remarks

Analysis:
Assuming the flight to be simply supported on both ends and
is loaded with a UDL, maximum moment is found at mid span
as:
M
max = Wu l^2/8
Here,
W
u = Average UDL along the flight =
(17.421*1.4986+36.603*1.9558)/(1.4986+1.9558) =
28.281kN/m
Thus,

M = 28.281*(3.5687)^2/8 ≅45.022 kNm

max
And,
Vmax = 28.281*(3.5687)/2 ≅ 50.463kN

Reinforcement:
Check if d > d

M
u = 45.022kNm
√
bal =
Mu where
Qb
d>d
bal Ok.

Q = 0.36f
ckxu,l/d*(1-0.416*xu,l/d) = 3.3477 for M25 and Fe500
b = 4’11” = 1.4986m
IS 456:2000 Here, d
bal = 94.73mm
Annex Providing 20mm clear cover and 12mm bars, d = D – 20 –12/2
G.1.1.b = 150-20-6 = 124mm > d
bal Ok.
Then,
Mu 0.87 f y A st
IS 456:2000 A st = and X u =
0.87 f y (d−0.416 x u ) 0.36 f ck b
Clause
26.3.3.b.1 Solving,
A
st = 927.194mm2 > Ast,min = 0.12% of bD = 0.0012 * 1.4986
* 1000 * 150 = 269.748mm2 Ok.
Number of 12mm bars = 927.194/(π*122/4) = 9 165mm<300mm
Spacing (S) = b/5 = 1498.6/9 = 166mm say 165mm < Ok.
Min(3d,300mm) = 300mm Ok.
Provide 12mm dia. bars @ 165mm c/c throughout the width of
waist slab
 Distribution bars:
Provide minimum reinforcement as distribution bars: Ast =
A
st,min = 269.748mm2
IS 456:2000 Adopting 8mm bars for distribution reinforcement, Number of
bars = 269.748/(π*82/4) = 6 245mm<450mm
Clause
Spacing (S) = b/5 = 1498.6/6 = 249.76mm say 245mm < Ok.
26.3.3.b.2
Min(5d,450mm) = 450mm Ok.
Provide 8mm dia. bars @ 245mm c/c throughout the span of
waist slab
IS 456:2000 Check for shear:
Shear stress in waist slab τ
Table uv = Vu,max/bd =50.463*1000/(124*1498.6) =
2
19&20 0.271N/mm
Allowable shear stress = k τ
uc , where k=1.3 for D=150mm For τuc , percentage reinforcement %pt is
required
%p For 150 mm slab,
t = 100As/bd = 100*927.194/(1498.6*124) = 0.498%
k=1.3
For M25 grade concrete, from Table 19 of IS456:2000,
τ
uc = 0.488
Since τ
uv = 0.271N/mm2 < k τuc = 1.3*0.488
=0.634N/mm2, safe in shear.

IS 456:2000 Check for deflection:

Clause 23.2 Effective span(L)/Effective depth(d) ≤ αβγδλ
Where,
Nominal span effective depth ratio (α) = 26 for continuous
slab
Length correction factor (β) = 1 for L ≤ 10m
Tensile steel modification factor (γ) :
For γ, fig. 4 of IS456:2000 requires f :
s
f = 0.58*f *
s y Astrequired/Astprovided = 0.58*500*927.194/1017.876 =
264.16
%p = 0.498%
t
Then, from fig. 4, γ ≅ 1.16
Compression steel modification factor (δ) = 1 assuming no
compression steel
Flange beam modification factor (λ) = 1 for rectangular slab
section
Thus,
αβγδλ = 26*1*1.16*1*1 = 30.16
L/d = (3568.7)/124mm = 28.77
Since L/d ≤ αβγδλ, serviceable in deflection.
L/d ≤ αβγδλ Ok.