Forms of Energy and Energy Conversion

1. Which of the following is a root source of energy used in

our society?
a) Batteries
b) Natural gas
c) Wall sockets
d) Solar panels

2. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can

be:
a) Created and destroyed freely
b) Converted from one form to another but not created or
destroyed
c) Created but not destroyed
d) Destroyed but not created

3. Which form of energy is associated with an object's

position?
a) Kinetic energy
b) Potential energy
c) Internal energy
d) Heat energy

4. Internal energy is:

a) Energy of motion
b) Energy of position
c) Energy stored within a matter on a microscopic level
d) Energy transferred without macroscopic motion
5. Work is defined as the energy used to:
a) Impart motion
b) Store energy
c) Transfer heat
d) Change temperature

6. Heat transfer occurs due to differences in:

a) Velocity
b) Mass
c) Pressure
d) Temperature

7. Which form of energy can be converted into shaft work

in devices like wind turbines and hydroelectric dams?
a) Kinetic energy
b) Potential energy
c) Internal energy
d) Heat energy

8. Which of the following is an example of potential

energy?
a) A moving car
b) A stretched rubber band
c) A spinning top
d) A burning candle

9. The energy associated with the motion of particles is

called:
a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Chemical energy
d) Thermal energy
10. Which of the following is an example of renewable
energy?
a) Natural gas
b) Coal
c) Solar power
d) Nuclear power

11. The conversion of chemical energy to thermal energy is

an example of:
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Combustion

12. Which form of energy is typically associated with the

flow of electrons?
a) Mechanical energy
b) Electrical energy
c) Nuclear energy
d) Magnetic energy

13. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that:

a) Energy can be created but not destroyed
b) Energy can be destroyed but not created
c) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted
from one form to another
d) Energy can be created and destroyed freely

14. The process of converting solar energy into electrical

energy is known as:
a) Solar thermal power
b) Geothermal power
c) Photovoltaic power
d) Hydropower
15. Which of the following is a unit of energy in the
International System of Units (SI)?
a) Joule (J)
b) Newton (N)
c) Watt (W)
d) Volt (V)

16. The efficiency of an energy conversion process is

defined as:
a) The ratio of energy output to energy input
b) The amount of energy lost during the process
c) The total energy generated during the process
d) The time it takes to complete the process

Fundamental Definitions for Describing Systems

17. Which type of system allows both matter and energy to

enter and/or leave the system?
a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Adiabatic system
d) Isolated system

18. Which type of system has no matter entering or leaving

the system, but energy transfer can occur?
a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Adiabatic system
d) Isolated system

19. What type of system has no heat entering or leaving the

system?
a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Adiabatic system
d) Isolated system

20. Which type of system has neither matter nor energy

entering or leaving the system?
a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Adiabatic system
d) Isolated system

21. What type of system has a constant volume?

a) Isochoric system
b) Isothermal system
c) Isobaric system
d) Adiabatic system

22. Which type of system has a constant temperature

throughout the system?
a) Isochoric system
b) Isothermal system
c) Isobaric system
d) Adiabatic system

23. Which type of system has constant pressure throughout

the system?
a) Isochoric system
b) Isothermal system
c) Isobaric system
d) Adiabatic system

24. In an isothermal system, the temperature is constant

with respect to:
a) Position
b) Time
c) Both position and time
d) Neither position nor time

25. In an isobaric system, the pressure is constant with

respect to:
a) Position
b) Time
c) Both position and time
d) Neither position nor time

26. How are the terms "isothermal" and "isobaric"

distinguished in this book?
a) Isothermal refers to processes, while isobaric refers to
systems.
b) Isothermal refers to systems, while isobaric refers to
processes.
c) Isothermal refers to both systems and processes, while
isobaric refers to neither.
d) Isothermal refers to neither systems nor processes, while
isobaric refers to both.

Equilibrium and Steady State

27. What is the defining characteristic of a system at steady

state?
a) Constant properties with respect to time
b) Balanced mechanical forces
c) Balanced thermal equilibrium
d) Balanced chemical reactions

28. At equilibrium, there is no driving force for any change

to the system's:
a) Mechanical forces
b) Temperature
c) Chemical reactions
d) State properties

29. Which driving force is responsible for changes in

temperature between two objects?
a) Mechanical driving force
b) Thermal driving force
c) Chemical driving force
d) None of the above

30. When mechanical forces on an object are unbalanced, it

is not at:
a) Steady state
b) Equilibrium
c) Mechanical equilibrium
d) Thermal equilibrium

31. Which driving force is responsible for chemical

reactions and phase changes?
a) Mechanical driving force
b) Thermal driving force
c) Chemical driving force
d) None of the above

32. What is the state of the system when pure nitrogen and
pure hydrogen are brought together?
a) Steady state
b) Equilibrium
c) Chemical equilibrium
d) Mechanical equilibrium

33. Thermal equilibrium exists when:

a) Temperature is constant with respect to time
b) Temperature is balanced throughout the system
c) Mechanical forces are balanced throughout the system
d) Chemical reactions are balanced throughout the system

34 Which of the following is a scalar quantity?

a) Force F Ma
=

Scalar numbers
quantities are

b) Pressure D F =
-

c) Work dW=Fdl that have a

magnitude but no

d) None of the above direction.

35. Force is defined as:

a) The ratio of mass to acceleration
b) The rate of change of momentum
c) The product of mass and acceleration
d) The interaction between two objects

36. Pressure is defined as:

a) The force applied per unit area
b) The displacement of an object in the direction of a force
c) The work done per unit time
d) The measure of an object's resistance to acceleration

37. The SI unit of pressure is:

a) Newton (N)
b) Pascal (Pa)
c) Joule (J)
d) Kilogram (kg)

38. Work is defined as:

a) The product of force and time
b) The rate of doing mechanical work
c) The transfer of energy through heat
d) The measure of an object's resistance to acceleration
39. Which of the following is a unit of work?
a) Joule (J)
b) Newton (N)
c) Watt (W)
d) Pascal (Pa)

Kinetic energy

30. Kinetic energy is quantified by which variables?

a) Mass (M) and velocity (v)
b) Density (ρ) and velocity (v)
c) Force (F) and displacement (s)
d) Temperature (T) and pressure (P)

31. What is the relationship between kinetic energy and the

potential to do work?
a) They are unrelated concepts
b) Kinetic energy is a form of potential energy
c) Kinetic energy can be converted into potential energy
d) Potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy

32. When an object is in motion, work is done if:

a) There is no opposing force
b) The object is stationary
c) The object is accelerating
d) There is a force opposing the motion

33. What happens to the kinetic energy of a rolling ball as it

moves up a hill?
a) It decreases
b) It remains constant
c) It increases
d) It is converted into potential energy
Potential Energy
34. Potential energy is associated with an object's:
a) Mass
b) Velocity
c) Position in a force field
d) Temperature

35. Objects located within significant electromagnetic or

gravitational force fields have:
a) Kinetic energy
b) Thermal energy
c) Potential energy
d) Chemical energy

36. The waterwheel is an example of a system that converts

potential energy into:
a) Kinetic energy
b) Thermal energy
c) Chemical energy
d) Electrical energy

37. How is potential energy resulting from gravity

quantified?
a) P.E. = mgh
b) P.E. = m/v
c) P.E. = Fd
d) P.E. = 1/2mv^2

38. Internal Energy

The internal energy of a substance consists of the energy
stored by:
a) Macroscopic motion
b) External forces
c) Individual molecules
d) Electromagnetic fields

39. The Rankine cycle is a machine that converts the

internal energy of a fuel into:
a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Shaft work

40. Pumps and compressors increase the pressure of a fluid

by:
a) Decreasing its internal energy
b) Adding work to the system
c) Increasing its kinetic energy
d) Converting potential energy

41. The property specific internal energy is defined as:

a) Energy per unit volume
b) Energy per unit time
c) Energy per unit mass
d) Energy per unit temperature

42. Negative values of specific internal energy (U) are

possible because:
a) Materials can have negative energy
b) Internal energy can be zero in certain cases
c) The reference state is chosen arbitrarily
d) Internal energy is always negative by definition