Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) primarily work by

inhibiting the activity of enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX),

specifically COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes play a crucial role in
the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are signaling molecules involved
in various physiological processes, including inflammation and the
production of mucus.

In the context of mucus production, prostaglandins play a role in

promoting the secretion of mucus in the stomach lining and respiratory
tract. Inhibition of COX enzymes by NSAIDs reduces the production of
prostaglandins, leading to decreased mucus secretion.

COX-1 is constitutively expressed in various tissues, including the

stomach lining, where it plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the
gastric mucosa and promoting mucus production. COX-2, on the other
hand, is often induced during inflammation and is involved in the
synthesis of prostaglandins that contribute to the inflammatory response.

While NSAIDs can effectively reduce pain and inflammation, their use
may be associated with side effects, including irritation of the stomach
lining and a decrease in the protective mucus layer in the gastrointestinal
tract. This can potentially lead to issues such as gastritis or peptic ulcers.

It's important to note that not all NSAIDs have the same degree of COX-
1 and COX-2 inhibition, and the side effects can vary among different
NSAIDs. Some newer NSAIDs are designed to selectively target COX-
2, which may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal complications.
However, these medications still have potential side effects, and their
use should be carefully considered based on an individual's health
condition and medical history. Always consult with a healthcare
professional before using NSAIDs or any other medications.