Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Solution Manual For Essentials of Mis 14th Edition Kenneth C Laudon Jane P Laudon
Solution Manual For Essentials of Mis 14th Edition Kenneth C Laudon Jane P Laudon
Chapter 6
Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information
Management
Learning Objectives
6-1 What is a database, and how does a relational database organize data?
6-2 What are the principles of a database management system?
6-3 What are the principal tools and technologies for accessing information from databases to
improve business performance and decision making?
6-4 Why are data governance and data quality assurance essential for managing the firm’s data
resources?
6-5 How will MIS help my career?
Learning Catalytics is a “bring your own device” student engagement, assessment, and
classroom intelligence system. It allows instructors to engage students in class with real-time
diagnostics. Students can use any modern, web-enabled device (smartphone, tablet, or laptop) to
access it. For more information on using Learning Catalytics in your course, contact your
Pearson Representative. The lecture notes for this text includes a Learning Catalytics activity for
each introductory case.
Chapter Outline
6-1 What is a database, and how does a relational database organize data?
Entities and Attributes
Organizing Data in a Relational Database
Establishing Relationships
6-2 What are the principles of a database management system?
Operations of a Relational DBMS
Capabilities of Database Management Systems
Non-Relational Databases, Cloud Databases, and Blockchain
6-3 What are the principal tools and technologies for accessing information from databases
to improve business performance and decision making?
The Challenge of Big Data
Business Intelligence Technology Infrastructure
Analytical Tools: Relationships, Patterns, Trends
Databases and the Web
6-4 Why are data governance and data quality assurance essential for managing the firm’s
data resources?
Assuring Data Quality
6-5 How will MIS help my career?
Key Terms
The following alphabetical list identifies the key terms discussed in this chapter. The page
number for each key term is provided.
Teaching Suggestions
The essential message of this chapter is that "How businesses store, organize, and manage their
data has a tremendous impact on organizational effectiveness." Data have now become central
and even vital to an organization’s survival.
The opening vignette, "Domino’s Masters Data One Pizza at a Time,” shows that data are not
easy to access and analyze without properly configured systems. At one time, Dominos had more
than 11,000 business users along with other agencies maintaining separate data repositories.
single source helps improve business performance, processes, and provides much better analysis
of customer buying patterns and customer responses to advertising and promotions.
Section 6-1: What is a database and how does a relational database organize data?
This section introduces basic key terms like field, record, file, database, entity, and attribute. Try
using a simple spreadsheet print out to demonstrate these terms. If you have access to a relational
DBMS during class time, you can demonstrate several of the concepts presented in this section.
If you have time and as a class activity, ask your students to prepare an entity-relationship
diagram, as well as normalize the data. Your students will need guidance from you to complete
this activity, but it will help them see and understand the logical design process.
This section introduces database design and management requirements for database systems.
Help your students see how a logical design allows them to analyze and understand the data from
a business perspective, while physical design shows how the database is arranged on direct
access storage devices. At this point, you can use the enrollment process at your university as an
example. Have your students prepare a logical design for the enrollment process. Discuss the
three operations of a relational DBMS: select, project, and join. A database management system
is comprised of three components: a data definition language, data dictionary, and data
manipulation language. If you have access to a relational DBMS during class time, you can
demonstrate several of the concepts presented in this section.
The concept of using databases stored in cloud computing data centers is introduced in this
section and piggybacks on cloud computing concepts introduced earlier in the text. Nonrelational
database management systems (i.e., NoSQL) that are used for large volumes of structured and
unstructured data that is difficult to use with traditional SQL-based tools is also introduced in
this section.
Finally, a section on blockchain, a distributed database technology has been added to this edition
of the text. Figure 6.13 on page 201 illustrates how a blockchain works.
Section 6-3: What are the principal tools and technologies for accessing information from
databases to improve business performance and decision making?
This section focuses on how data technologies are actually used: data warehouses, data marts,
business intelligence, multidimensional data analysis, and data mining. Regardless of their career
choice, students will probably use some or all of these in their jobs. For example, data
warehouses and data marts are important to many business functions. They are critical for those
who want to use data mining technologies, which have many uses in management analysis and
business decisions. Keep in mind as you teach this chapter that managing data resources can be
very technical, but many students will need and want to know the business uses and business
values. In the end, effectively managing data is the goal. Doing it in a way that will enable your
students to contribute to the success of their organization is the reason why most students are in
this course.
This section also discusses text mining and web mining that are taking on significance as more
data and information is stored in text documents and on the web. Web mining is divided into
three categories: content mining, structure mining, and usage mining. Each one provides specific
information on patterns in web data.
The use of data analytics and big data have forever changed the game of baseball, and likely
every other professional sport. As the cased summarizes in its open, “the use of analytics has
revolutionized the game of baseball as we know it, including defensive shifts, swing path
changes, and how teams acquire and develop players.”
2. How did information technology affect decision making at the Houston Astros and
the Oakland Athletics? What kinds of decisions changed as the result of using big
data?
The Michael Lewis’s Book Moneyball provides an example how the use of analytics and big data
has changed the game of baseball. In this book, the Oakland Athletics used analytics to
determine which players to recruit. Many of these decisions based on data were unconventional
and didn’t follow prior recruiting strategies.
The Houston Astros used data analytics for on-the-field decision making and player selection.
Further, data analytics also helped with decision making including where to position players on
field.
3. How much was big data involved in the Houston Astros’ World Series victory?
In the final play of the 2017 World Series, the Astros were making game-time decisions that
would likely never have been adopted in the past. On this final play, the Astros used a traditional
starter to end the game. They also positioned an infielder in right field. Based on the resulting
victory, it appears big data likely contributed to the victory.
4. How much should baseball rely on big data and analytics? Explain your answer.
Although the use of analytics in baseball will be used moving forward, there are still subjective
and instinctive decisions that will utilize traditional decision-making processes. Scouts and
coaches will always have a vital role in all aspects of the game. As the case appropriately closes,
“There are nuances to defending against the opposition that are not statistically related, but
statistics help when you don’t know players well enough to know what to expect from them.”
(Learning Objective 3: What are the principle tools and technologies for accessing
information from databases to improve business performance and decision making? AACSB:
Application of knowledge.)
Section 6-4: Why are data governance and data quality assurance essential for managing
the firm’s data resources?
This section introduces students to some of the critical issues surrounding corporate data.
Students should realize that setting up the database is only the beginning of the process.
Managing the data is the real challenge. In fact, the main point is to show how data management
has changed and the reason why data must be organized, accessed easily by those who need
access, and protected from the wrong people accessing, modifying, or harming the data.
Developing a database environment requires much more than selecting database technology. It
requires a formal information policy governing the maintenance, distribution, and use of
information in the organization. The organization must also develop a data administration
function and a data-planning methodology. The organization should use data planning techniques
to make sure that the organization’s data model delivers information efficiently for its business
processes and enhances organizational performance. There is political resistance in organizations
to many key database concepts, especially the sharing of information that has been controlled
exclusively by one organizational group. Creating a database environment is a long-term
endeavor requiring large up-front investments and organizational change.
The text asks students to think of all the times they have received several pieces of the same
direct mail, or several e-mails that are duplicates. This would be a good question to raise as most
students would have experienced this problem. However, problems like these are just proverbial
tip of the iceberg as studies indicate that more than 25 percent of the critical data in large Fortune
1000 companies’ databases are inaccurate. Earlier in the chapter, referential integrity is
introduced as a way to ensure relationships between coupled tables remain constant. This part of
the chapter would be a good time to review how principles such as referential integrity helps
improve data quality assurance.
1. Define the problem described in this case. How serious a problem is it?
This case describes several tragedies that potentially could have been avoided had information
been shared. For instance, the killer at the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Spring, Texas was
prohibited by law from purchasing a firearm. Failures allowed him to pass background checks
and obtain weapons.
CHAPITRE PREMIER
DE L’ÉDUCATION : PRINCIPES ET MOYENS D’ACTION
Pour améliorer une race, il ne faut guère compter sur les lois, qui
ne sont que l’enjeu des luttes de partis. Il faut agir directement sur
ses mœurs. C’est l’œuvre de chacun, qui tient ainsi un peu de
l’avenir dans ses mains. Et l’action la plus facile, la plus logique, la
plus urgente, ne doit-elle pas s’exercer sur l’éducation, par
l’éducation ?
Il faut insister sur cette idée qu’en ne punissant pas les enfants,
on leur évite de mentir. En effet, ils emploient le mensonge comme
un bouclier. Ils se dissimulent derrière lui. C’est un moyen de cacher
la faute et d’éviter le châtiment. Si, lorsqu’ils ont commis une
maladresse, cassé quelque objet, ils savent qu’en l’avouant on ne
les grondera pas, qu’on ne les frappera pas, qu’on leur dira
simplement : « Ce n’est pas bien. Tâche de faire attention », qu’on
leur représentera le prix des choses, le soin qu’il en faut avoir, dans
ce cas-là, ils avoueront, ils ne mentiront pas. Ils auront acquis, pour
l’avenir, le précieux bénéfice de la franchise.
Argent.
Cette formule d’un fort banquier m’a toujours frappé et vaut qu’on
la creuse et la médite : « Si je n’étais pas honnête par nature, je le
serais par intérêt. »
Oui, c’est notre intérêt d’être honnête. C’est l’habileté suprême,
quoi qu’il y paraisse.
Ménage.
Une femme doit connaître à peu près le prix des choses que sa
cuisinière achète. Sans quoi, comment modérer la danse du panier ?
Un excellent entraînement pour l’adolescente, c’est d’accompagner
parfois la domestique aux Halles.
Et puis, il faut pouvoir au besoin mettre la main à la pâte,
connaître des principes et un peu de pratique culinaires. La patronne
qui réprimande sa cuisinière sans rien savoir du métier, manque
autant de prestige et frise autant le ridicule qu’un ingénieur qui
reprend un ouvrier sans pouvoir saisir l’outil et lui montrer comment
s’en servir.
De la parure.