MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EE 301 Signals and Systems 1

FINAL

January 9, 2023

TIME ALLOTTED: 150 minutes

PLEASE OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING:

• Make sure you have examined all 5 problems. You are supposed to attempt all 5 problems. There is
no selection.
• Be neat and clear. Identify each step of a solution and explain your reasoning. Erase or cross out
things you do not want to be graded. Do not cross anything that you claim credit for.
• Start each solution right below the problem statement and continue, if necessary, at the back of the
same sheet wherever applicable. If you need more space, ask for extra paper and indicate the
number extra sheets below:
Number of extra sheets used:

• During the test, no questions will be answered by your invigilators, unless asked aloud and are of
general interest.
• Print your name in the box below and also at the top of each page.

STUDENT'S

NAME:

SURNAME:

SIGNATURE:

1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL

20 pts. 20 pts. 20 pts. 20 pts. 20 pts. 100 pts.

Q1. (20 pts). Part (c) of this question is independent of parts (a) and (b).
𝜋
𝑗 𝑛
Consider a DT signal defined as 𝑎[𝑛] = {𝑒 3 , |𝑛| ≤ 𝐿.
0 , 𝑜. 𝑤.

1−𝛼𝑁+1
a) Determine the DT Fourier transform 𝐴(𝑒 𝑗Ω ) of 𝑎[𝑛]. (Hint: ∑𝑁 𝑛
𝑛=0 𝛼 = )
1−𝛼

b) Simplify your answer in part (a) as much as you can. Pick which of the following functions
corresponds to 𝐴(𝑒 𝑗Ω ). What is the value of 𝑐 indicated in the plot?

I II
ENCIRCLE YOUR CHOICE:

I II III

VALUE OF 𝑐 =

III
𝜋
c) [Independent of previous parts] Consider a system described by 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛]𝑒 𝑗 3 𝑛 . Check this
system’s linearity, time-invariance, stability properties.
Q2. (20 pts) Consider a continuous time (CT) signal defined as 𝑥(𝑡) = {1 if 0 ≤ 𝑡 < 1,
0 elsewhere

𝑡
a) The signal 𝑥(𝑡) is given as an input to the following CT system: 𝑦(𝑡) = ∫𝑡−2 𝑥(𝜏)𝑑𝜏.
i. State and justify whether the system is linear-time-invariant (LTI) or not. Then, find and plot
the output signal 𝑦(𝑡).
ii. Find the Fourier Transform (FT) of 𝑦(𝑡), namely 𝑌(𝑗𝜔), in terms of 𝑋(𝑗𝜔).
b) A periodic CT signal is constructed from 𝑥(𝑡) as
∞
𝑡
𝑧(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑥 ( + 2𝑘 + 1)
2
𝑘=−∞

i. Find the fundamental period of 𝑧(𝑡), and plot 𝑧(𝑡) over its one period.
ii. Find the Fourier series coefficients of 𝑧(𝑡) in terms of 𝑋(𝑗𝜔).
iii. Find 𝑍(𝑗𝜔) in terms of 𝑋(𝑗𝜔).
Q3. (20 pts) Parts (a) and (b) of this question can be solved independently.

a) (10 pts) A continuous-time signal 𝑥𝑐 (𝑡) with spectrum 𝑋𝑐 (𝑗𝜔) is sampled with sampling period
𝑇 = 0.01 seconds and the sampled signal 𝑥𝑑 [𝑛] = 𝑥𝑐 (𝑛𝑇) is processed with the discrete-
time filter with frequency response 𝐻𝑑 (𝑒 𝑗Ω ) as illustrated below. The filter output 𝑦𝑑 [𝑛] is
finally converted back to continuous-time to obtain the signal 𝑦𝑐 (𝑡) (via conversion to impulse
train and ideal low-pass filtering) such that 𝑦𝑑 [𝑛] = 𝑦𝑐 (𝑛𝑇).

Find and plot:

i. The spectrum 𝑋𝑑 (𝑒 𝑗Ω ) of 𝑥𝑑 [𝑛] for Ω ∈ [−2𝜋, 2𝜋]
ii. The spectrum 𝑌𝑑 (𝑒 𝑗Ω ) of 𝑦𝑑 [𝑛] for Ω ∈ [−2𝜋, 2𝜋]
iii. The spectrum 𝑌𝑐 (𝑗𝜔) of the output signal 𝑦𝑐 (𝑡)
b) (10 pts) (Hint: This question is shorter to solve than read ) Consider the sampling system
illustrated in the figure below. A periodic continuous-time signal 𝑥(𝑡) is given as input to the
system. In order to restrict the bandwidth of 𝑥(𝑡) for preventing aliasing, it is first passed
through an anti-aliasing filter, which is an ideal low-pass filter 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) with cut-off frequency
𝜔𝑐 . The output 𝑥𝐿𝑃 (𝑡) of the anti-aliasing filter is then sampled with sampling period 𝑇 and
the discrete-time signal 𝑥𝐿𝑃 [𝑛] = 𝑥𝐿𝑃 (𝑛𝑇) is obtained.

We would like to design this sampling system by choosing the cut-off frequency 𝜔𝑐 and the
sampling period 𝑇 with respect to the following limitations:
• The anti-aliasing filter 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) must preserve at least 80% of the average power of the input
signal 𝑥(𝑡) for a sufficiently accurate representation.
• Since sampling at higher rates requires more expensive hardware, the sampling period 𝑇
must be as large as possible while guaranteeing that no aliasing occurs between 𝑥𝐿𝑃 (𝑡)
and 𝑥𝐿𝑃 [𝑛].
• The C/D converter circuitry imposes that the sampling period 𝑇 = 0.01𝑟 (where 𝑟 ∈ ℤ)
be an integer multiple of 0.01 seconds (e.g. 𝑇=0.01, 0.02, 0.03, ...)

A periodic signal 𝑥(𝑡) = ∑∞

𝑘=−∞ 𝑎𝑘 𝑒
𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 is given as input to this system, with

fundamental frequency 𝜔0 = 10𝜋 . It is known that the Fourier series coefficients satisfy
1 |𝑘|
|𝑎0 |2 = 2, and |𝑎𝑘 |2 = (2) for 𝑘 = ±1, ±2, …
1
(Hint: ∑∞ 𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑐 = for |𝑐| < 1)
1−𝑐

i. Find and roughly plot the magnitude |𝑋(𝑗𝜔)| of the spectrum of the input signal
𝑥(𝑡). Determine if the signal 𝑥(𝑡) is band-limited by explaining your reasoning.
ii. Determine the cut-off frequency 𝜔𝑐 and the sampling period 𝑇 = 0.01𝑟 of the
sampling system such that the above limitations are satisfied.
Q4. (20 pts) Consider two LTI systems which are connected in series. The first system is known to be
1
causal and its transfer function is given as 𝐻1 (𝑠) = 𝑠2 +2𝑠 .

a) Determine the impulse response of the first system, ℎ1 (𝑡).

b) Is the first system stable? Please explain your reasoning.

The impulse response of the second system is given as ℎ2 (𝑡) = 𝛿(𝑡) − 3𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑢(𝑡).

c) Determine the transfer function 𝐻2 (𝑠) of the second system and its ROC.
d) Determine the transfer function of the overall system 𝐻(𝑠) and its ROC. Also comment on
the causality and the stability of the system.
e) If possible, determine the frequency response 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) of the overall system. Explain your
reasoning.
Q5. (20 pts) Part (c) of this question is independent of parts (a) and (b).
a) Assume the following relation holds between two DT signals, 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑛 𝑥[𝑛]. Determine the z-
transform and the region of convergence (RoC) of 𝑦[𝑛], in terms of 𝑋(𝑧) and 𝑅𝑥 .
b) Assume that a DT signal 𝑤[𝑛] is given as 𝑤[𝑛] = ∑𝑛𝑘=−∞ 𝑘 𝑥[𝑘]. Determine the z-transform and the
RoC of 𝑤[𝑛], in terms of 𝑋(𝑧) and 𝑅𝑥 (Hint: You may start by obtaining the z-transform of 𝑤[𝑛] −
𝑤[𝑛 − 1]).
c) A new DT signal is defined as 𝑐[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] ∗ 𝑥 ∗ [−𝑛] via convolution. Determine the z-transform 𝐶(𝑧)
of 𝑐[𝑛] in terms of 𝑋(𝑧). Assuming 𝑋(𝑧) has a single pole at 𝑧 = 𝑎, where |𝑎| < 1, and 𝐶(𝑒 𝑗Ω )
exists, determine the RoC of 𝐶(𝑧) in terms of 𝑅𝑥 .