WORK WORK DONE BY WORK DONE IN PULLING RELATION OF KINETIC

Work is said to be done CONSERVATIVE & NON THE CHAIN ENERGY WITH OTHER Quantities STABLE UNSTABLE NUETRAL
when a force applied on the CONSERVATIVE FORCE
body displaces the body Linear momentum:- P= 2m E If particle displaced from If particle displaced from If particle is slightly
through a certain distance in Conservative: work done doesnot Variation of graph of kinetic Energy equillibrium position force equillibrium position force displaced from equillibrium,
the direction of force depend on path followed acting will try to bring acting on it tries to displace then it doesn,t experience
L/n E E
Non-conservative: work depends back to the initial position further away from equillibrium a force or continues in
on the path followed position equillibrium
WORK DONE BY
CONSTANT FORCE Potential energy is Potential energy is Potential energy is
1
minimum maximum constant
Fsin 2
F L Total length V m constant, E p2 P
F= -dU =0
F= -dU =0 F= -dU =0
A B m constant, E v2
dx
Fcos 3 (1/n) th
Part of length hanging E E dx dx
M Mass of chain d 2U d 2U
=positive =negative d2U
dx2 dx2 =0
S WA B
(Path 1)= WA B
(Path 2)= Work done in pulling, the hanging dx2
W=Fcos x S WA B
(Path 3) portion on the table W= MgL P
=FScos =F.S 2n2 m
(for conservative force) P constant,& E
1
P constant,& E P
m
WA (Path 1)= WA (Path 2)=
NATURE OF WORK DONE B B

WA (Path 3)
1) Positive work (0o< <90o)
B POTENTIAL ENERGY
(for non conservative force)
- Defined only for conservative force
F Direction
Note :
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY E
- Energy possessd by a body by

WORK
of motion
S Work done for a complete cycle virtue of its position P.E=max
For an isolated system for a body in
P.E=max
by a conservative force is zero - Can either be positive, negative or K.E=min
K.E=min

presence of conservative forces,the

ENERGY&
2) Negative work (90o< <180o P.E=min
zero according to point of reference P.E
F Direction - Body always move from higher sum of kinetic and potential energies at K.E=max

of motion
any point remains constant throughout
POWER
S WORK DONE BY DIFFERENT potential to lower potential
FORCES Identifying forces with potential the motion K.E
B B B energy
2) Zero work K.E+P.E=constant
Work done becomes 0 for h4 1) Attractive force:-
three conditions h3 On increasing x, if U increases
l h
1.Force is perpendicular to h2 ENERGY dU
=positive
displacement
h1 Capacity of doing work dx POWER
2.if there is no displacement (BC portion of graph)
Scalar quantity Rate at which body can do work work
3.if there is no force acting A A A A
Dimension ML2T-2
2) Repulsive force:-
W tan θ = d W
Average power(Pav)= Δ t
on the body dt
W1=mgh = mgh On increasing x, if U decreases θ
h Relation between different units
dU Δ W
)
=Pinst
Instanteneous power(Pinst)= dd t
W2=mgxl sin =mgxl x =negative
l 1eV=1.6 10-19Joules dx
WORK DONE BY VARIABLE
+

=mgh 1kWh=3.6 106Joules (AB portion of graph)  

FORCE 
F.ds = F.v
+

W3=mgh1+0+mgh2+0+mgh3+0+mgh4
1calorie= 4.18Joules 3) Zero force:- =
dW=F.ds work done by static friction 0 On increasing x, if U doesnot change dt
1 Joule=107erg time
W= F.ds = Fds cos work done by kinetic friction -ve Relation between units:
Kinetic Energy
U(x) C Area under power time graph
in terms of rectagular Energy possessed by virtue of 1 watt=1joule/sec =107 erg/sec
components Wfk=fk.S=fK S cos 180 , = -fkS gives work done
motion Expression A 1 HP=746watt,1MW =106 watt
work done by spring force dU
F=Fx i+Fy j+FZ k
magnitude of spring force=-kx K.E= 1 mv2 =0 1 KW=103 watt
2 dx
ds=dx i+dy j+dz k Always positive D P= d W
B If work done by two bodies Power dt
W= Fxdx+ Fydy+ Fzdz Depends on frame of reference is same then power 1
Fs Work Energy Theorm x
time => dW=Pdt
Graphical representation of B,C points on the graph Unit of power multiplied by time
Fext
work done Change in kinetic Energy
s Types of Potential Energy always give work W= Pdt
dW=F.dx Fs Δ K.E= 1
2
mv2 -Elastic Potential Energy
xf
Fext 1 KWh=3.6 106 Joules
force

-Electric Potential Energy time

+
W= dW Change in kinetic energy of a body
xi xf
is equal to work done on the body -Gravitational Potential Energy Slope of work-time curve gives
xf
= F.dx   instanteneous power W=Area under P-t graph
xi Ws= Fs.ds =- kxdx K2-K1=- F.dr Types of equilibrium
xi
Displacement =- 1 K xf2-xi2 If net force acting on a particle
xi 2
dx xf is zero it is said to be in equillibrium
W= Area under curve
Position and velocity in Event in which impulsive force acts between two
COLLISION
terms of power:- or more bodies which result in change of their Inelastic collision
velocities. V1
V2-V1 Relative velocity of seperation
1) Velocity,V=[2Pt
1/2
[ Line of impact e =
m Oblique collision m1 U1-U2 Relative velocity of approach
Line passing through common normal to surfaces
2) Position,S= [ 8P
1/2
[ U1 (1+e) m2U2 (m1-em2)U1
t3/2 in contact during impact
Velocity after collision V1 = +
9m B m1 m1+m2 m1+m2
Line of motion b
m2 U2
Power delivered by an elevator of ball B
(1+e) m1U1 (m2-em1)U2
V2 = +
After collision Ratio of velocities m1+m2 m1+m2
a=0, T=(M+m) g Before collision
   V1 1-e
P=T.V m2 = 1 m1m2
V2 1+e Loss in kinetic energy K= (1-e2) (U1-U2)2
=TV V A 2 m1+m2
- Particle collision is glancing V2
Power, P=(M+m)gV Line of impact Rebounding of ball
- Direction of motion after collision are not
(M+m)g Line of motion of ball A along initial line of motion
Coefficient of restitution (e) - If they collide in same plane , collision is 2
Power of a water drawing pump dimensional otherwise 3 dimensional
First height of rebound
Velocity of separation along the line of impact
e = - Impact parameter 0<b<(r1+r2) r1,r2 are radii h1 = e2ho
Power,P= d W = d m gh+ 2 [
V2 [ Velocity of approach along the line of impact ho
of colliding bodies
dt dt h1
Relative velocity after collision along the line of impact h2
h=height of water level =
Perfectly elastic Head on collision h3
Relative velocity before collision along the line of impact h4
d m => mass flow rate of pump ro V1 V2 V3 V4 t
dt U1 U2 V1 V2
Conditions to 2t1 2t2 2t3 2t4
V velocity of the water outlet 1.For elastic collision: e=1
2. For inelastic collision: e<1 m1 m2 m1 m2
Power required to just lift 3. For perfectly elastic collision: e=0 Total distance travelled by the ball before it stops bouncing
water, V=0 Velocity after collision 1+e2
Classification H =ho
(
dm
P=gh
( m1-m2 2m2U2 1-e2
dt V1=U1
m1+m2
+
m1+m2
Based on direction of 1+e 2ho
Efficiency of pump Based on conservation of Total time taken by the by to stop bouncing T = g
kinetic energy colliding bodies 1-e
m2-m1 2m1U1
Output Power V2=U2 + Perfectly inelastic collision
μ= m1+m2 m1+m2
Input Power colliding bodies are moving in the same direction
Perfectly Inelastic Perfectly Oblique Head on/one
Special cases: m1U1+m2U2
elastic inelastic dimensional V V =
1) Projectile and target having same mass m1=m2 U1 U2 m1+m2
v1=u2,v2=u1, the velocities get interchanged m2
m1
m1m2
1
Loss in kinetic energy k= (U1-U2)2
2) If massive projectile collide with a light target 2 m1+m2
Perfectly elastic collision
ie m1>>>m2 v1=u1,v2=-u2+2u1
K.E before and after collision is same Colliding bodies are moving in the opposite direction
m1U1-m2U2 m1m2
Inelastic collision 3) If the light projectile collides with a very heavy Change in kinetic enargy K= 1
V = (U1+U2)2
target, m1<<m2 v1=-u1+2u2,v2=u2 m1+m2 2 m1+m2

WORK
K.E after collision is not equal to K.E before
collision then it is said to be inelastic collision Energy transfer from projectile to target
Head on collision / One dimensional collision 1) Fractional decrease in kinetic energy
Collision in two dimension

ENERGY&
(If target is at rest) If the initial velocities of two colliding bodies are not along the line
K 4m1m2 of impact, then the collision is said to be oblique collision or collision
U1 U2 =
K in two dimension.

POWER
m1 m2 (m1-m2)2+4m1m2

Greater the difference in masses, less will be

Before collision transfer of K.E and vice versa
V1 V2
m1 m2
If m2=nm1 K = 4n
After collision Impact porameter b=0 K (1+n)2