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Test Bank For Introduction To Psychology Gateways To Mind and Behavior 15th Edition Dennis Coon
Test Bank For Introduction To Psychology Gateways To Mind and Behavior 15th Edition Dennis Coon
Chapter 08
True / False
1. When you are daydreaming and letting your thoughts wander aimlessly, you are engaged in reflective processing.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
2. When fluent English readers are presented with the Stroop interference task, their automatic processing of word
meanings is just too strong to ignore and interferes with their naming of the ink colors.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. Mental images can be used to aid memory, change one’s feelings, make a decision, or improve a skill.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
4. In his work with mental images, Stephen Kosslyn found that forming an oversized image of an object you want to think
about will help you “see” its details and understand it better.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
5. Children first learn concepts through positive and negative instances, while adults often acquire concepts by learning or
forming conceptual rules.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
6. If a robin is an ideal model of a bird, then a robin would be considered a prototype for the concept of bird.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
7. You define a vacation as “sitting on a beach reading a book,” while your sister considers “rock climbing and hiking” to
be a vacation, which illustrates your different denotative meanings of “vacation.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. The idea that the words we use not only reflect our thoughts but can shape them as well is known as the linguistic
relativity hypothesis.
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Chapter 08
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. Animal communication can be called a true language because it meets the criterion that a language must be
productive.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
11. If you are asked to multiply a four-digit number and a three-digit number and you follow the steps you were taught in
the fifth grade, then you are utilizing a heuristic.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
12. In his study of thinking, Duncker found that the first step in problem solving based on understanding is to discover a
set of rules that lead to the solution.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
13. Problem-solving strategies that reduce the number of steps necessary to solve a problem are called algorithmic
solutions.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
15. Selective encoding is the ability to compare new problems with old information or with problems already solved.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Chapter 08
16. If you have ever been without a screwdriver and took out a dime and used it to loosen the screw, then you did not let
functional fixedness be a barrier to your problem solving.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
17. When people are presented with the problem of getting a $5 bill without moving the stack of objects placed on top of
it, they are usually unable to solve the problem because of the taboo that one should not destroy money, which would be
considered a learned barrier to problem solving.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
18. Expert chess players can automatically recognize 50,000 to 100,000 patterns, a level of skill that takes about 10 years
to build up.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
19. Deductive thought is thinking that applies a general set of rules to specific situations, for example, using the laws of
gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
20. For most people, fantasy and daydreaming are associated with greater mental flexibility or creativity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
21. Rapid insight, or the “Aha! experience,” occurs during the verification stage of creative thought.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
22. Creative persons are unconventional and nonconforming primarily in their work, and otherwise, do not have unusual,
outlandish, or bizarre personalities.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
23. Research has shown that creativity is inherited and cannot be learned.
a. True
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Chapter 08
b. False
ANSWER: False
24. According to Malcolm Gladwell, our immediate, intuitive reactions that can sometimes form the basis for more
carefully reasoned judgments are due to the automatic processing of the cognitive unconscious.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
25. In decision making, we tend to give less weight to a choice if it seems representative of what we already know.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
26. A person who is concerned about his or her health, but who continues to drink large amounts of alcohol, is making an
error in judgment called ignoring the base rate.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
27. Usually, the narrowest way of framing or stating a problem produces the best decisions.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
28. Fixations and functional fixedness are specific types of mental sets.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
29. If you are feeling hurried by a sense of time pressure, you are almost always more likely to think more creatively.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
30. During brainstorming, ideas should first be produced without regard for logic, organization, accuracy, practicality, or
any other evaluation.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
31. People who think in conventional ways cannot live intelligent, successful, and fulfilling lives.
Chapter 08
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Multiple Choice
32. Many of history’s geniuses, such as Einstein, Darwin, Mozart, Newton, Michelangelo, Galileo, Madame Curie,
Edison, and Martha Graham, can be defined by their higher-level __________ abilities.
a. algorithmic
b. denotative
c. creative
d. synesthesia
ANSWER: c
33. Which of the following refers to processing a mental representation of a problem or situation?
a. intuition
b. intelligence
c. cognition
d. selective attention
ANSWER: c
34. Dr. Hart is investigating how humans mentally process information, such as images, concepts, words, rules, and
symbols. He would best be described as studying
a. operant conditioning.
b. learning.
c. cognition.
d. proxemics.
ANSWER: c
35. When thought is passive, effortless, and automatic, the person is engaged in
a. proxemics.
b. inductive thinking.
c. reflective processing.
d. experiential processing.
ANSWER: d
Such was the feeling of insecurity that the President elect was
followed to Washington by many watchful friends, while Gen’l Scott,
Col. Sumner, Major Hunter and the members of Buchanan’s Cabinet
quickly made such arrangements as secured his safety. Prior to his
inauguration he took every opportunity to quell the still rising
political excitement by assuring the Southern people of his kindly
feelings, and on the 27th of February,[17] “when waited upon by the
Mayor and Common Council of Washington, he assured them, and
through them the South, that he had no disposition to treat them in
any other way than as neighbors, and that he had no disposition to
withhold from them any constitutional right. He assured the people
that they would have all of their rights under the Constitution—‘not
grudgingly, but freely and fairly.’”
He was peacefully inaugurated on the 4th of March, and yet
Washington was crowded as never before by excited multitudes. The
writer himself witnessed the military arrangements of Gen’l Scott for
preserving the peace, and with armed cavalry lining every curb stone
on the line of march, it would have been difficult indeed to start or
continue a riot, though it was apparent that many in the throng were
ready to do it if occasion offered.
The inaugural ceremonies were more than usually impressive. On
the eastern front of the capitol, surrounded by such of the members
of the Senate and House who had not resigned their seats and
entered the Confederacy, the Diplomatic Corps, the Judges of the
Supreme Court, headed by Chief Justice Taney, the author of the
Dred Scott decision; the higher officers of Army and Navy, while
close by the side of the new President stood the retiring one—James
Buchanan—tall, dignified, reserved, and to the eye of the close
observer apparently deeply grieved at the part his party and position
had compelled him to play in a National drama which was now
reaching still another crisis. Near by, too, stood Douglas (holding
Lincoln’s hat) more gloomy than was his wont, but determined as he
had ever been. Next to the two Presidents he was most observed.
Sec. 8. That all persons in the naval service of the United States,
who have entered said service during the present rebellion, who have
not been credited to the quota of any town, district, ward, or State, by
reason of their being in said service and not enrolled prior to
February twenty-four, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, shall be
enrolled and credited to the quotas of the town, ward, district, or
State, in which they respectively reside, upon satisfactory proof of
their residence made to the Secretary of War.
GUERRILLAS.