GENERAL STUDIES PROJECT

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY EXAMINATION (CBSE)

2023-2024

SUBMITTED BY : PRIYANKA S
CLASS : XI - A
"Beyond the Lab: The Impact of
Science and Technology on
Society"
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project entitled “STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED COMMUNITY BASED

NUTRITION AND HEALTH PROGRAMME” is done with accordance to the
syllabus prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education for Class XI.

I would also like to thank our Correspondent Dr. R.Kishore Kumar, our Director
Mrs. Deepthi Anderson,our Principal Mrs. Shanthi Samuel, who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this investigatory project, which helped me in doing a lot of
research and made us aware about so many new thing.

I thank my Class Teacher Miss. Pavithra.K her guidance and support throughout the
duration of project. We were able to complete the project successfully by her
motivation and her extended support for us.
I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalising
this project within the limited time frame
 ABSTRACT
This abstract provides a concise overview of the ongoing developments and key trends
in the expansive domain of science and technology. It encapsulates the
multidimensional progress across various disciplines, highlighting breakthroughs,
challenges, and the transformative impact of these advancements on society.

Scientific Frontiers: Advances in fundamental sciences, including physics, chemistry,

and biology, continue to unravel the mysteries of the universe. Cutting-edge research
explores quantum phenomena, genetic intricacies, and the fundamental building
blocks of matter, pushing the boundaries of human knowledge and understanding.
Biotechnology and Health Sciences: In the realm of biotechnology and health
sciences, breakthroughs in genomics, personalized medicine, and medical technologies
are reshaping healthcare. CRISPR gene editing, precision medicine, and innovative
diagnostics are paving the way for targeted and more effective treatments,
revolutionizing the approach to health and wellness.
Sustainable Technologies and Environmental Sciences: Technological innovation
is increasingly focused on sustainability and environmental stewardship.
Developments in renewable energy, circular economy practices, and eco-friendly
materials are addressing global challenges such as climate change, resource depletion,
and pollution, fostering a more sustainable future.
Materials Science and Nanotechnology: Materials science and nanotechnology are
at the forefront of innovation, leading to the creation of advanced materials with
unprecedented properties. Nanomaterials and nanoscale technologies have
applications in electronics, medicine, and manufacturing, opening new avenues for
efficiency and functionality.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations: With these advancements come challenges,
including ethical considerations related to genetic editing, data privacy concerns in
AI, and the environmental impact of technological production. Striking a balance
between innovation and ethical responsibility is crucial for the responsible
development and deployment of emerging technologies.

In conclusion, this abstract provides a snapshot of the dynamic landscape of science

and technology, illustrating the breadth and depth of ongoing advancements. The
intertwining threads of innovation, exploration, and ethical considerations define the
trajectory of progress in these critical fields, shaping the future of our interconnected
world.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO PAGE
TOPICS
NO.

1.
INTRODUCTION 1

2. SCIENCE AS A NECESSARY PART OF OUR

3
EVERYDAY LIFE

3. THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE AND EMERGING

4
TECHNOLOGIES ON OUR LIVES

APPLICATION OF SCIENCE
4.
IN EVERYDAY LIFE 5

5.
IMPROVING LIFE THROUGH SCIENCE 6

6.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 7

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN

7.
THE SOCIAL CONTEXT 10

8. USES & MISUSES OF TECHNOLOGY 11

ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE

9. 15
DIFFERENTLY ABLED

CONCLUSION
10. 18

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 19
 INTRODUCTION

Science and Technology

Science and technology are two intertwined pillars of human progress and
innovation that have shaped and continue to shape our world in profound
ways.

Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation,

experimentation, and the formulation of theories and laws. It seeks to
understand the underlying principles governing the universe, from the smallest
particles of matter to the vast cosmos. Science encompasses various branches,
including physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, and many others, each of
which contributes to expanding our knowledge of the world around us.

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Technology, on the other hand, is the practical application of scientific knowledge for
the purpose of solving problems, improving processes, and enhancing our quality of
life. It involves the creation and use of tools, machines, systems, and techniques to
meet human needs and desires. Technology is pervasive in our daily lives, from the
smartphones we carry to the transportation we use and the healthcare treatments we
receive.
The relationship between science and technology is symbiotic. Science provides the
fundamental understanding of the natural world, while technology harnesses this
knowledge to develop practical solutions. Together, they drive progress across various
domains, such as Medicine, communication, transportation, energy, agriculture, space
Exploration, Environmental Conservation, Education etc.
In the modern world, the synergy between science and technology is driving rapid
advancements and shaping the course of human civilization. It holds the potential to
address global challenges, improve the quality of life, and open up new frontiers of
exploration. The relationship between science and technology is a dynamic and
evolving one, and it continues to drive innovation and progress across all aspects of
our lives.

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 SCIENCE AS A NECESSARY PART OF
OUR EVERYDAY LIFE

Science is an indispensable and integral part of

our everyday life, impacting us in numerous
ways. Here are some key reasons why science is
necessary in our daily existence:

Healthcare: Science drives medical progress,

from the development of vaccines and
antibiotics to cutting-edge treatments and
surgical techniques. These innovations have
significantly extended our lifespans and
improved our overall quality of life.

Technology: The gadgets and devices we use daily, from smartphones and laptops
to transportation systems, rely on scientific principles. Science also enables
constant technological advancements, making our lives more convenient and
efficient.
Agriculture: Scientific research enhances crop yields, helps develop disease-
resistant strains, and optimizes farming practices. This ensures a stable food
supply and helps address global food security challenges.
Communication: Scientific research underpins the development of the internet,
wireless technology, and communication networks, making it possible for people
to connect globally and access information instantly.
Transportation: Science has revolutionized transportation with advancements in
automotive engineering, aerospace technology, and public transportation, making
travel faster, safer, and more accessible.
Education: Science education is vital for developing critical thinking skills and
promoting scientific literacy. This knowledge helps individuals make informed
decisions about their health, the environment, and technology.

In essence, science is not just a subject taught in schools or an academic pursuit; it

is the driving force behind the modern world. It improves our health, facilitates
our daily activities, ensures our safety, and provides the knowledge and tools to
address the challenges we face as a society. Science is essential for our progress,
well-being, and our ability to address the complex issues of the 21st century.

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THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES ON OUR LIVES
The impact of science and emerging technologies on our lives is profound and far-
reaching, touching nearly every aspect of our existence. Here are some key ways in
which they have influenced and continue to shape our world:

Healthcare Advancements: Science and technology have revolutionized healthcare.

We now have access to advanced diagnostic tools, life-saving treatments, and
precision medicine. Emerging technologies like telemedicine and wearable health
devices are making healthcare more accessible and efficient.
Information Access and Communication: The internet, a product of both science
and technology, has transformed how we access information and communicate.
This has had implications for education, business, politics, and social interactions.
Emerging technologies like 5G, AI-driven chatbots, and augmented reality are
further enhancing communication capabilities.
Transportation: From the advent of automobiles to the development of
autonomous vehicles and high-speed transportation systems, science and
technology have made travel faster, safer, and more convenient.
Education and Learning: Science and technology have transformed education
through e-learning platforms, interactive simulations, and virtual classrooms,
making learning more accessible and personalized.
Agriculture and Food Production: Scientific research has led to crop improvements
and sustainable farming practices, while emerging technologies like precision
agriculture and vertical farming are enhancing food production and distribution.
Quality of Life: Advances in science and technology have improved our quality of
life, from the development of life-saving medical devices to smart home
automation that enhances convenience and comfort.
The influence of science and emerging technologies is pervasive and
transformative, affecting every facet of our lives. While these advancements bring
numerous benefits, they also come with challenges and responsibilities, including
ethical dilemmas, regulatory issues, and the need for careful management to
ensure they serve the well-being of humanity and the planet.

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 APPLICATION OF SCIENCE
IN EVERYDAY LIFE

ROLE OF SCIENCE IN DAILY ACTIVITIES

Science plays a fundamental role in our everyday lives, and its applications are
widespread and diverse. Here are some common examples of how science is applied in
our daily existence:
1. Healthcare:
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases rely on medical science, including laboratory
tests, imaging, and pharmaceuticals.
Vaccinations are developed using principles of immunology to protect against
diseases.
2. Cooking and Nutrition:
Understanding the science of food chemistry helps us cook and prepare nutritious
meals.
Nutritional science guides dietary choices for a healthy lifestyle.
3. Transportation:
The automotive industry utilizes principles of physics and engineering to design
and improve vehicles.
Traffic engineering and urban planning use data and mathematical models to
optimize transportation systems.
4. Communication:
Phones, the internet, and wireless technology are based on principles of electrical
engineering and telecommunications.
Encryption methods are rooted in computer science and cryptography to secure
communication..
5. Education:
Science education plays a crucial role in developing critical thinking and problem-
solving skills.
Scientific research drives innovations in educational technology.

These examples illustrate the pervasive role of science in our daily lives, highlighting
its importance in improving our understanding of the world and enhancing our
quality of life. Science not only informs our decisions and actions but also drives
innovation and progress in various fields.

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 IMPROVING LIFE THROUGH SCIENCE

Science has been instrumental in improving the quality of human life in countless
ways. It has led to innovations and discoveries that have enhanced our well-being,
extended our lifespans, and made our lives more comfortable and prosperous. Here
are some of the ways in which science has contributed to improving life:

Medical Advances: Scientific research has led to the development of vaccines,

antibiotics, and advanced medical treatments. These breakthroughs have saved
millions of lives and significantly reduced mortality from infectious diseases.
Improved Healthcare: Medical science has given us better diagnostic tools,
minimally invasive surgical techniques, and a deeper understanding of the human
body. This has led to more accurate diagnoses and more effective treatments.
Pharmaceutical Innovations: Advances in chemistry and pharmacology have
resulted in a wide range of drugs and medications that treat various conditions,
from pain management to chronic diseases.
Clean Water and Sanitation: Scientific and engineering efforts have improved
access to clean water and sanitation, preventing waterborne diseases and
enhancing public health.
Agricultural Advancements: Scientific research in agriculture has led to higher
crop yields, reduced food shortages, and the development of hardier and more
nutritious crops.
Renewable Energy: The application of physics and engineering has given us
clean and sustainable energy sources like solar and wind power, reducing our
reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change.
Information and Communication Technology: Advances in computer science
and telecommunications have revolutionized the way we communicate, access
information, and conduct business.
Educational Opportunities: Science informs education, leading to more effective
teaching methods and a better understanding of how people learn.
Science continues to drive progress and innovation, offering solutions to current
challenges and opening doors to new opportunities. As we face complex global
issues, from climate change to pandemics, the role of science in improving and
safeguarding our lives remains paramount. The application of science, coupled
with ethical considerations and responsible governance, holds the potential to
address these challenges and continue to enhance the quality of life for all.

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 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Emerging technologies are innovations and advancements that have the potential to
significantly impact various industries and aspects of our lives. These technologies are
often in the early stages of development and are characterized by their potential for
rapid growth and widespread adoption. Here are some notable emerging technologies

GREEN TECHNOLOGY:
Green technology, also known as clean technology, represents a critical approach to
addressing environmental concerns and promoting sustainability. It encompasses a
diverse range of innovations and practices aimed at reducing the environmental
impact of human activities. From renewable energy sources like solar and wind power
to energy-efficient appliances and eco-friendly building materials, green technology
seeks to minimize carbon emissions, conserve natural resources, and mitigate climate
change. This technology has the potential to revolutionize industries, transportation,
and everyday life, helping us transition towards a cleaner, more eco-conscious future.
As we confront the challenges of a changing climate and increasing environmental
pressures, green technology plays a pivotal role in shaping a more sustainable and
environmentally responsible world.

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MECHATRONICS:
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field at the intersection of mechanical engineering,
electronics, computer science, and control engineering. It focuses on the integration of
these diverse disciplines to design and create intelligent systems and products.
Mechatronics combines mechanical components with electronic and software
solutions, resulting in devices and machines that are not only efficient and precise but
also capable of automation and smart decision-making. This approach has far-
reaching applications, from advanced manufacturing systems and robotics to
automotive technology and consumer electronics. Mechatronics has revolutionized
various industries, making products and processes more sophisticated, user-friendly,
and adaptable to changing conditions, ultimately enhancing our everyday lives and
driving innovation in the modern world.

NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Nanotechnology, often referred to as the science of the very small, is a cutting-edge
field that deals with the manipulation and control of materials at the nanoscale,
typically at the level of individual molecules and atoms. By harnessing the unique
properties of materials at this scale, nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize
a wide range of industries, from electronics and medicine to energy and materials
science. It allows for the creation of incredibly small devices and structures, enabling
more powerful and efficient electronic components, novel drug delivery systems, and
super-strong yet lightweight materials. Nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers
in scientific research and technological innovation, promising to reshape the future of
technology, medicine, and materials in ways that were once considered science fiction.
Its interdisciplinary nature and vast possibilities make nanotechnology an exciting
and rapidly evolving field with profound implications for our society and the global
economy.

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BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Biotechnology, a dynamic and interdisciplinary field, leverages the power of living
organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop innovative solutions and products
that impact various aspects of our lives. By manipulating biological processes at the
molecular level, biotechnology has led to breakthroughs in healthcare, agriculture,
and environmental sustainability. In medicine, biotechnology has given us
groundbreaking treatments such as genetically engineered therapies, personalized
medicine, and advanced diagnostics. In agriculture, it has enabled the development of
genetically modified crops, enhancing crop yields and reducing the environmental
impact of farming. Additionally, biotechnology plays a significant role in
environmental conservation through bioremediation techniques and the development
of biofuels. As biotechnology continues to advance, it holds the potential to address
pressing global challenges and transform industries, making it a key driver of
innovation and progress in the 21st century.

It's important to note that the landscape of emerging technologies is continually

evolving, and new developments have likely occurred since my last update. These
technologies have the potential to drive innovation, transform industries, and address
some of the most pressing global challenges. However, they also raise ethical,
regulatory, and security concerns that must be carefully managed as they continue to
mature and become integrated into society.

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 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
THE SOCIAL CONTEXT

Science: discussion on use & abuse

Uses:

Advancements in Healthcare: Science has been instrumental in improving our

health and well-being. It has led to the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and
life-saving medical procedures. Advances in medical imaging, such as MRI and
CT scans, allow for accurate diagnoses and treatments.

Technological Innovations: The technology we use daily, from smartphones to

transportation systems, relies on scientific principles. Science also drives ongoing
technological advancements, making our lives more convenient and efficient.

Global Connectivity: Science and technology have enabled global connectivity,

connecting people, cultures, and economies worldwide. The internet and
telecommunications networks facilitate international collaboration and
communication.

Abuses:

Misuse of Genetic Information: Genetic research has been misused for eugenic
purposes, leading to unethical practices such as forced sterilization and genetic
discrimination.

Scientific Fraud: In some cases, researchers have falsified or manipulated scientific

data to support specific agendas, undermining the integrity of scientific research.

Nuclear Weapons: Scientific knowledge has been instrumental in the development

of nuclear weapons, which pose a significant threat to global security.

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 USES & MISUSES OF TECHNOLOGY
Healthcare:

Uses:
Telemedicine: Telehealth technologies enable remote consultations, improving
access to medical care, especially in rural areas.

Electronic Health Records (EHRs): EHRs streamline patient data management,

enhancing care coordination and reducing errors.

Medical Imaging: Advanced imaging technology, such as MRI and CT scans,

improves diagnosis and treatment planning.

Telemonitoring: Remote patient monitoring devices assist in managing chronic

conditions and reducing hospital readmissions.

Misuses:
Data Breaches: Unauthorized access to healthcare databases can lead to privacy
violations and identity theft.

Telemedicine Fraud: Scams involving fake online medical services exploit patients
or compromise their health.

Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals: Illegitimate online sales of fake or unapproved

drugs pose health risks to consumers.

Medical Device Hacking: Unauthorized access to or manipulation of medical

devices can harm patients.

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Agriculture:

Uses:
Precision Agriculture: Technology enables data-driven decision-making in
farming, optimizing crop yield and resource use.

Remote Sensing: Satellites and drones monitor crops, aiding in early pest
detection and precise irrigation.

Genetic Modification: Biotechnology has improved crop varieties for better

yield and resistance to diseases.

Agricultural Automation: Robotics and AI-powered machinery increase

efficiency and reduce labor demands.

Misuses:
Illegal Fishing: Use of technology like sonar and GPS for overfishing in
restricted areas leads to resource depletion.

Deforestation Monitoring: Misuse of satellite data or drone technology for

illegal deforestation and land clearance.

Unethical Genetic Engineering: Unauthorized use of genetic modification in

agriculture without proper safety and regulatory measures.

Pesticide Misuse: Overuse or incorrect application of pesticides can lead to

environmental damage and health risks.

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Warfare:

Uses:
Surveillance Technology: Drones, satellites, and sensors provide situational
awareness and target identification.

Precision Guided Munitions: Advanced guidance systems minimize collateral

damage in targeted strikes.

Communication Technology: Secure networks facilitate real-time information

sharing and coordination among military units.

Medical Advances: Technology enhances battlefield healthcare, saving soldiers'

lives.

Misuses:
Cyber Warfare: State-sponsored cyberattacks on critical infrastructure, military
systems, and civilian targets.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Misuse: Weaponizing drones for attacks or

surveillance against international law.

Biological and Chemical Weapons Development: Unethical bioengineered

weapon development in violation of international conventions.

Autonomous Weapons: Developing fully autonomous weapons without human

control, raising ethical and humanitarian concerns.

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Changing Lifestyle:

Uses:
Communication: Technology facilitates instant communication and information
sharing, connecting people worldwide.

Online Shopping: E-commerce platforms offer convenience and a vast array of

products.

Entertainment: Technology enhances entertainment through streaming services,

video games, and digital content creation.

Education: Digital tools enable online learning, expanding access to educational

resources.

Misuses:
Cyberbullying: Technology is used for online harassment, threatening or
intimidating individuals.

Online Scams: Scammers exploit individuals through deceptive online schemes,

leading to financial losses.

Spreading Misinformation: Dissemination of false or misleading information on

social media platforms can affect public opinion and behavior.

Digital Addiction: Excessive technology use can lead to mental health issues,
social isolation, and reduced productivity.

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 ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE
DIFFERENTLY ABLED

Assistive technology refers to tools, devices, and software that are designed to help
individuals with disabilities or different abilities perform tasks, enhance their
independence, and improve their quality of life. Here are some examples of assistive
technology for differently abled individuals across various domains:

1. Mobility and Accessibility:

Wheelchairs and Mobility Scooters: These assist individuals with mobility

impairments in moving around independently.
Prosthetic Limbs: Advanced prosthetics offer better functionality and mobility for
individuals with limb loss.
Walking Aids: Canes, walkers, and crutches provide stability and support for
those with difficulty walking.
Stairlifts and Ramps: These aids make buildings and homes accessible for people
with mobility challenges.

2. Communication:

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Devices: These devices

help individuals with speech and language impairments communicate using
symbols, pictures, or text.
Text-to-Speech Software: Converts written text into spoken words, assisting those
with visual or reading disabilities.

3. Visual Impairments:

Screen Readers: Software reads digital text aloud to assist individuals with visual
impairments in using computers and smartphones.
Braille Displays and Notetakers: These tactile devices translate digital content
into Braille, aiding those who are blind or visually impaired.

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4. Hearing Impairments:

Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants: These devices improve hearing and sound
perception for individuals with hearing impairments.
Assistive Listening Systems: Used in classrooms and public spaces to amplify
sound for individuals with hearing difficulties.

5. Cognitive Disabilities:

Memory Aids: Smartphone apps and electronic organizers help individuals with
memory impairments stay organized and remember tasks.
Learning Software: Educational software tailored to different learning needs helps
people with cognitive challenges.
Sensory Devices: Devices that stimulate or calm sensory perception for
individuals with sensory processing disorders.

6. Environmental Control:

Smart Home Technology: Voice-activated devices and home automation systems

enable individuals with physical disabilities to control various aspects of their
environment, such as lighting, temperature, and appliances.
Environmental Control Units: These systems allow people with severe disabilities
to control electronic devices through voice commands, switches, or touchpads.

7. Mobility Assistance:
Service Animals: Trained animals, such as guide dogs, mobility assistance dogs,
and therapy animals, offer physical and emotional support.
Assistive technology is continuously evolving, with new innovations and
improvements aimed at addressing specific needs and challenges faced by
differently abled individuals. These technologies play a vital role in promoting
inclusivity and enabling people to lead more independent and fulfilling lives.

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Mobility and Accessibility: Environmental Control:

Communication: Visual Impairments:

Cognitive Disabilities:
Hearing Impairments:

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 CONCLUSION

Science and technology are the twin engines that power the progress of human
civilization. They have become inseparable from our lives, influencing every aspect of
our existence. Science, with its rigorous methodology and insatiable curiosity, is our
window into the workings of the natural world. It empowers us with knowledge and
understanding, enabling us to unlock the mysteries of the universe, from the cosmos to
the microcosm. Technology, on the other hand, is the practical application of this
knowledge. It takes the discoveries and insights of science and transforms them into
tangible solutions that make our lives better, more convenient, and more efficient. From
the humble wheel to the sophisticated smartphones in our pockets, technology has been
the catalyst for human progress. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work,
travel, and entertain ourselves. It has brought medical miracles, agricultural
innovations, and the promise of a more sustainable future.

The uses of science and technology are abundant and diverse. In healthcare, they have
extended our lifespans and improved our quality of life with cutting-edge treatments,
diagnostic tools, and telemedicine. In agriculture, they have ensured food security and
optimized resource use, paving the way for a more sustainable and bountiful planet. In
warfare, they have reshaped the battlefield, making it both more lethal and more
precise, and they have enabled surveillance and intelligence that were once the stuff of
science fiction. Our lifestyles have been transformed as well. From the way we work and
learn to the way we entertain ourselves and connect with others, technology is the
driving force behind these changes.

E-commerce has reshaped our shopping habits, social media has redefined how we
interact, and online education has made learning more accessible and flexible. Yet, with
the great power of science and technology comes great responsibility. We must use these
tools ethically and responsibly, taking into consideration the potential for misuse and
unintended consequences. Ensuring that the benefits of these advancements are
equitably distributed across society is a challenge we must face head-on. Science and
technology are not just engines of progress; they are also the solution to many of the
challenges we face today. Climate change, disease, and global inequality can all be
addressed with the right scientific knowledge and technological innovations. It is
through these fields that we will find the answers to these complex problems.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.india.gov.in/topics/science-technology
https://www.bing.com/search?
q=science+and+technology&FORM=HDRSC1
https://www.bing.com/search?
q=science+and+technology&FORM=HDRSC1
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360641402_Assistive_Technologie
s_for_Differently_Abled_Students
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo/device
https://collegedunia.com/exams/science-in-everyday-life-importance-
examples-and-uses-articleid-4363
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_technologies
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/top-10-emerging-technology-trends-to-
watch-in-2022/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2021/09/27/the-5-biggest-
technology-trends-in-2022/
https://www.bing.com/search?
q=uses+and+misuses+of+science&qs=UT&pq=uses+and+misuses+of+sci
&sc=9-
23&cvid=93C986C8C349467AB1C55EE01ECA5ECB&FORM=QBRE&sp
=1&ghc=2&lq=0

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THANK
YOU