Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind Research and Everyday Experience 4th Edition Goldstein Test Bank

Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind
Research And Everyday Experience 4th

Edition Goldstein Test Bank
Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/cognitive-psychology-connecting-mind-research-and-everyday-experience-4th-
edition-goldstein-test-bank/
1. Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is
a. state-dependent learning.
b. encoding.
c. memory consolidation.
d. transfer-appropriate processing.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
REFERENCES: Introduction
2. Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by

a. repeating it over and over.
b. linking the new word to a previously learned concept.
c. using it in a sentence.
d. thinking of its synonyms and antonyms.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: MODERATE
REFERENCES: Encoding: Getting Information into Long-Term Memory
3. How would you describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of
establishing long-term memories?
a. Elaborative is more effective than maintenance.
b. Maintenance is more effective than elaborative.
c. Both are equally effective in all learning circumstances.
d. Each one is sometimes more effective, depending on the learning circumstances.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
4. Elementary school students in the U.S. are often taught to use the very familiar word "HOMES" as a cue for
remembering the names of the Great Lakes (each letter in "HOMES" provides a first-letter cue for one of the lakes:
Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior). This memory procedure usually works better than repeating the names
over and over. The use of this familiar word provides an example of
a. a self-reference effect.
b. repetition priming.
c. implicit memory.
d. elaborative rehearsal.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
5. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how effective or ineffective maintenance rehearsal is in transferring
information into LTM?
a. Lilia recalls her grandmother's house where she grew up, even though she hasn't been there for 22 years.
b. Ben learned his martial arts moves by making up "short stories" and mental images to describe each
movement.
c. Renee starred in the lead role of her high school play a few years ago. Although she helped write the play
and based her character on her own life, she cannot remember many of the actual lines of dialogue anymore.
d. Serena's keys were stolen from her purse. She cannot give a detailed description of her keychain to the
police, even though she used it every day for three years.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULT
6. The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to
a. lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference.
b. produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories.
c. cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory.
d. lead to effective autobiographical memories.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
7. In the famous obedience research conducted by Stanley Milgram, a participant was instructed to read a list of word
pairs (e.g., “nice day,” “blue dress,” “fat neck”) to another person. The participant would then read the list again but
would only provide the first word. The other individual was to recall the word that went with this cueing word. This
is an example of
a. maintenance rehearsal.
b. mood-congruent memory.
c. the consolidation-reconsolidation effect.
d. paired-associate learning.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
8. Memory for a word will tend to be better if the word is used in a complex sentence (like "the bicycle was blue, with
high handlebars and a racing seat") rather than a simple sentence (like "he rode the bicycle"). This probably occurs
because the complex sentence
a. causes more rehearsal.
b. takes longer to process.
c. creates more connections.
d. is more interesting.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
9. According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on the depth at which information is
a. encoded.
b. stored.
c. retrieved.
d. consolidated.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
10. According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory
for a set of words?
a. Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned
b. Deciding how many vowels each word has
c. Generating a rhyming word for each word to be remembered
d. Repeating the words over and over in your mind
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
11. Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory?
a. Information enters memory by passing through a number of levels, beginning with sensory memory, then
short-term memory, then long-term memory.
b. Events that are repeated enough can influence our behavior, even after we have forgotten the original
events.
c. Deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better
processing.
d. People who were sad when they studied did better when they were sad during testing.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
12. Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on

a. the physical features of the word.
b. the meaning of a word.
c. the pleasantness of a word.
d. the category of a word.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
13. Which of the following learning techniques is LEAST likely to lead to deep processing of the information?
a. Trevor is trying to understand how to use statistics by drawing associations between a set of data describing
how adolescents respond to peer pressure and the theories he learned last semester in developmental
psychology.
b. Maggie is trying to learn new vocabulary words because she is taking the SAT next month. Each day, she
selects one word. Throughout the day, she repeats the definition over and over to herself and generates
sentences using it in her conversations that day.
c. Bree has just bought a new car and is trying to learn her new license plate sequence. Every morning, for
three weeks, she repeats the sequence out loud when she wakes up.
d. For his history course, Bruce is trying to learn the order of the U.S. presidents by creating a silly sentence
where each consecutive word starts with the same letter of the next president to be remembered.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
14. According to your text, imagery enhances memory because

a. research shows people like pictures better than words, so there is an enhanced emotional response.
b. the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words.
c. imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered.
d. pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
15. Jeannie loves to dance, having taken ballet for many years. She is now learning salsa dancing. Although the
movements are very different from the dances she is familiar with, she has found a successful memory strategy of
linking the new dance information to her previous experiences as a dancer and to her own affection for dance. This
strategy suggests reliance on
a. the self-reference effect.
b. a mass practice effect.
c. the integrative experience effect.
d. semantic memory.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
16. In Slameka and Graf's (1978) study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the
blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on
a later memory task, illustrating the
a. spacing effect.
b. generation effect.
c. cued recall effect.
d. multiple trace hypothesis.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
17. cues help us remember information that has been stored in memory.
a. Retrograde
b. Encoding
c. Retrieval
d. Processing
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
18. Free recall of the stimulus list "apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants" will most likely yield
which of these response patterns?
a. "apple, desk, shoe, coat, lamp, pants"
b. "apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants"
c. "apple, cherry, plum, shoe, coat, lamp, chair, pants"
d. "apple, chair, cherry, coat, desk, lamp, plum, shoe, sofa"
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
19. Jenkins and Russell (1952) presented a list of words like "chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa" to participants. In a
test, participants recalled the words in a different order than the order in which they were originally presented. This
result occurred because of the
a. tendency of objects in the same category to become organized.
b. effect of proactive interference.
c. way objects like dishes and shoes are encoded visually.
d. way the phonological loop reorganizes information based on sound during rehearsal.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
20. Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street
serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a
picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of in forming
reliable long-term memories.
a. implicit memory during learning
b. an organizational context during learning
c. deep processing during retrieval
d. imagery
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
21. The story in the text about the balloons that were used to suspend a speaker in mid air was used to illustrate the role
of in memory.
a. rehearsal
b. organization
c. depth of processing
d. forming connections with other information
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
22. Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be
stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of in LTM.
a. long-term potentiation
b. retrieval cues
c. elaborative rehearsal
d. mass practice
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
REFERENCES: Retrieval: Getting Information Out of Memory
23. Mantyla's "banana / yellow, bunches, edible" experiment demonstrates that, for best memory performance, retrieval
cues should be created
a. by agreement among many people, thus providing proof they are effective.
b. by a memory expert who understands what makes cues effective.
c. using visual images.
d. by the person whose memory will be tested.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
24. People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for
something and then forget what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to
the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the
principle of
a. the self-reference effect.
b. maintenance rehearsal.
c. levels of processing theory.
d. encoding specificity.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
25. The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as
a. memory consolidation.
b. repetition priming.
c. encoding specificity.
d. a self-reference effect.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
26. Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning?

a. Last night, at the grocery store, Cole ran into a psychology professor he took a class with three semesters
ago. He recognized her right away.
b. Even though Walt hasn't been to the beach cottage his parents owned since he was a child, he still has many
fond memories of time spent there as a family.
c. Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy
memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio.
d. Alexis always suffers test anxiety in her classes. To combat this, she tries to relax when she studies. She
thinks it's best to study while lying in bed, reading by candlelight with soft music playing.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
27. You have been studying for weeks for a nursing school entrance exam. You love the idea of becoming a nurse, and
you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on relaxing clothes and study
in the quiet of your lovely home. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a mind set.
a. excited
b. relaxed
c. nervous
d. neutral
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
28. Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called
a. transfer-appropriate processing.
b. episodic-based processing.
c. elaborative rehearsal.
d. personal semantic memory.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
29. Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if

a. the rememberer generates his own retrieval cues.
b. the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.
c. there is deep processing during acquisition of the new material.
d. imagery is used to create connections among items to be transferred into LTM.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
30. According to levels of processing theory, deep processing results in better memory. However, studies have shown
that shallow processing can result in better memory when the individual encodes and is tested .
a. semantically; auditorially
b. auditorially; auditorially
c. auditorially; semantically
d. semantically; visually
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
31. Some suggest that students should study in a variety of places. This suggestion is based on research showing that
people remember material better if they learned it in a number of different locations, compared to studying the same
amount of time in one location. The suggestion solves a problem raised by
a. the encoding specificity principle.
b. the spacing effect.
c. levels of processing.
d. the distributed practice effect.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
32. transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in
which they are resistant to disruption.
a. Amnesia
b. Encoding specificity
c. Cued-recall
d. Consolidation
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
REFERENCES: Consolidation: The Life History of Memories
33. consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly
long time scale, lasting weeks, months, or even years.
a. Remote
b. Standard
c. Systems
d. Synaptic
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
34. The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is
a. strongly active for both new memories as they are being consolidated and memories for events that occurred
long ago and are already consolidated.
b. strongly active for long-ago memories that are already consolidated but becomes less active when memories
are first formed and being consolidated.
c. strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when
retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.
d. uninvolved in memory consolidation.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
35. The memory mechanism Hebb proposed is associated with

a. changes at the synapse.
b. long-term potentiation.
c. changes in specialized areas of the brain.
d. both changes at the synapse and long-term potentiation.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
36. Donald Hebb proposed that memory is represented in the brain by structural changes in all of the following
EXCEPT the
a. presynaptic neuron.
b. postsynaptic neuron.
c. neurotransmitters.
d. synapse.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
37. Hebb's idea of long-term potentiation, which provides a physiological mechanism for the long-term storage of
memories, includes the idea of
a. an increase in the size of cell bodies of neurons.
b. increased firing in the neurons.
c. larger electrical impulses in the synapse.
d. the growth of new dendrites in neurons.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
38. Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed
memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect
a. a failure of memory consolidation.
b. disrupted long-term potentiation.
c. temporary post-traumatic stress disorder.
d. Korsakoff's syndrome.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
39. Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for memories.

a. remote
b. recent
c. anterograde
d. emotional
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
40. Graded amnesia occurs because
a. remote memories are more connected to the hippocampus than recent memories.
b. recent memories are more connected to the hippocampus than remote memories.
c. emotional memories are more connected to the amygdala than nonemotional memories.
d. nonemotional memories are more connected to the amygdala than emotional memories.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
41. From the behavior of H.M., who experienced memory problems after a brain operation, we can conclude that the
hippocampus is important in
a. procedural memory.
b. long-term memory storage.
c. working memory.
d. long-term memory acquisition.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
42. Lourdes and Kim have been studying for two hours for their chemistry exam. Both girls are tired of studying.
Lourdes decides to watch a two-hour movie on DVD, while Kim decides to go to bed. What would you predict
about their performance on the chemistry exam?
a. Lourdes performs better because of reactivation.
b. Kim performs better because of reactivation.
c. Lourdes performs better because of encoding specificity.
d. Kim performs better because of encoding specificity.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
43. Experimental evidence suggesting that the standard model of consolidation needs to be revised are data that show
that the hippocampus was activated during retrieval of memories.
a. recent and remote episodic
b. recent and remote semantic
c. recent episodic
d. remote semantic
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
44. According to the multiple trace hypothesis, the hippocampus is involved in retrieval of
a. remote, episodic memories.
b. remote, semantic memories.
c. remote procedural memories.
d. state-dependent memories.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
45. When cleaning her closet, Nadia finds her 20-year-old wedding photo album. As she flips through the pictures, she
starts to cry joyful tears. Seeing the photos and rekindling the emotions of her wedding day most likely activated her
a. thalamus.
b. prefrontal cortex.
c. amygdala.
d. medial temporal lobe.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
46. Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that
a. fear conditioning is the most effective kind of conditioning for forming durable memories.
b. memories are not susceptible to disruption once consolidation has occurred.
c. when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately
after it was formed.
d. memory consolidation does not occur when animals are afraid of a stimulus.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
47. Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on

a. levels of processing.
b. depth of processing.
c. transfer-appropriate processing.
d. reconsolidation.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
48. According to memory research, studying is most effective if study sessions are
a. short but all on a single day.
b. long and all on a single day.
c. short and across several days.
d. long and across several days.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: EASY
REFERENCES: Something to Consider: Effective Studying
49. Katie and Inez are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00 -
11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie
will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Inez will study three hours the day before the exam. What
could you predict about their performances?
a. Katie and Inez should perform equally well, because each studied the same time overall (supporting the
equal-time hypothesis).
b. Inez will perform better because of a long-term memory recency effect.
c. Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect.
d. State-dependent learning predicts that Katie should perform better, because the exam takes place during a
one-hour class period.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
50. Students, beware! Research shows that does not improve reading comprehension because it does not
encourage elaborative processing of the material.
a. organization
b. highlighting
c. making up questions about the material
d. feedback
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
51. Describe and compare maintenance and elaborative rehearsal, including a discussion of the "procedures" associated
with each type. Indicate separate examples for which each type of rehearsal is best suited. Also, describe
experimental results that illustrate how effective each type of rehearsal is at establishing durable long-term
memories.
ANSWER: Answer not provided

POINTS: 1
52. Compare and contrast levels-of-processing theory with transfer-appropriate processing. Describe experimental
results for both and highlight their significance to our understanding of memory.

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Encoding: Getting Information into Long-Term Memory Retrieval: Getting Information Out of
Memory
53. Mantyla's "banana / yellow, bunches, edible" experiment employed three conditions (or groups of participants) where
the conditions yielded quite different results. Describe the three conditions as well as the results of each. What do
these results predict about students studying from their own notebooks vs. studying from notes borrowed from a
classmate?

POINTS: 1
54. Define state-dependent learning and encoding specificity. Then, explain three ways a student might apply these
principles to enhance her learning in college courses. Using the results of experimental research, state why these
suggestions for learning are likely to be successful.

POINTS: 1
55. Your text makes the statement that "memories are stored at the synapses." Develop a discussion to explain the
evidence that learning and memory are represented in the brain by physiological changes at the neuronal level.

POINTS: 1
56. Your text describes the process of consolidation regarding forming memories in the brain. Early research on
consolidation led to the proposal of the standard model of consolidation. Begin your essay by explaining what the
standard model claims about the role of the hippocampus in consolidation and the experimental results to support it.
Then, describe the more recent research and experimental results that pose a challenge to the standard model.

POINTS: 1
57. Your text explains what memory research tells us about studying. Name and describe the five techniques for
improving learning and memory given in the text's discussion, and what experimental result supports each technique.

POINTS: 1

Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind Research and Everyday Experience 4th Edition Goldstein Test Bank

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind Research and Everyday Experience 4th Edition Goldstein Test Bank

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind

Research And Everyday Experience 4th

2. Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by

12. Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on

14. According to your text, imagery enhances memory because

26. Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning?

29. Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if

35. The memory mechanism Hebb proposed is associated with

39. Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for memories.

47. Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on

ANSWER: Answer not provided

ANSWER: Answer not provided

ANSWER: Answer not provided

ANSWER: Answer not provided

ANSWER: Answer not provided

ANSWER: Answer not provided

ANSWER: Answer not provided

You might also like