INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT

HISTORY OF INDIA
As on 15/05/2023

1 Indus Valley Civilization/ Harappan Civilization

2 Indus Valley Civilization: Location, River, Findings -I
3 Indus Valley Civilization: Location, River, Findings - II

4 Prominent Features of Harappan Civilization - I

5 Prominent Features of Harappan Civilization - II
6 Prominent Features of Harappan Civilization - III
7 Early Vedic Period (Geography & Society)
8 Early Vedic Period (Political System)
9 Early Vedic Period (Culture, Religion & Economy)
10 The Four Vedas
11 Vedic Deities & Vedic Texts

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

12 Later Vedic Period (Geography, Polity & Society)

13 Later Vedic Period (Economy, Religion & Arts/Crafts
14 Sources of Information
15 Vedic Philosophy (Puranas & Shastras)
16 Buddhism - Part I
17 Buddhism - Part II
18 Jainism - Part I
19 Jainism - Part II
20 Sixteen Mahajanapadas (Part-I)
21 Sixteen Mahajanapadas (Part-II)
22 Sixteen Mahajanapadas (Part-III)

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

23 Pre-Mauryan Age- I
24 Pre-Mauryan Age - II
25 The Magadha
26 Causes of Magadha's Success
27 Ruling Dynasties of Magadha
28 Haryanka Dynasty
29 Shishunaga Dynasty
30 Nanda Dynasty
31 Foreign Invasions
32 Impact of Alexander's Invasion
33 Mauryan Age

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

34 Sources of Information ( During Mauryan Age)

35 The Mauryan Dynasty
36 Chandragupta Mauryan
37 Bindusara and Ashoka
38 Ashoka and Buddhism
39 Rock Edicts of Ashoka - I
40 Rock Edicts of Ashoka - II
41 Dhamma in Rock Edicts
42 Mauryan Economy
43 Mauryan Society
44 Mauryan Administration

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

45 Important Officers in Mauryan Administration

45 Local Administration in Mauryan Period
47 Decline of the Mauryan Empire
48 Post Mauryan Period
49 Sources of Information for Post Mauryan Period
50 Shunga Period
51 Importance of Shungas
52 Satavahana Dynasty
53 Importance of Satvahanas
54 Indo-Greeks
55 Gandhara School of Art

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

56 Significance of Indo-Greeks
57 Sakas
58 Parthians
59 Kushana Dynasty
60 Gupta Period
61 Sources of Information of Gupta Period
62 Chandragupta
63 Samudragupta
64 Chandragupta-II
65 Kumaragupta and Skandhagupta
66 Administration of Gupta Period

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

67 Economy during Gupta Period

68 Society and Religion during Gupta Period
69 Literature, Art & Culture during Gupta Period
70 Science during Gupta Age
71 Authors & Scholars during Gupta Age
72 Navaratnas in the Court of Chandragupta-II
73 Coins issued by Gupta Kings
74 Decline of the Guptas
75 The Vakatakas
76 Harshavardhan Period (Sources of Information)
77 The Reign of Harshavardhan

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

78 Harsha's Military Conquests

79 Harsha & Buddhiism
80 Administration & Economy During Harsha's Reign
81 Society & Religion During Harsha's Reign
82 Art & Culture During Harsha's Reign
83 The Sangam Age
84 The Sangam Literature (Part -I)
85 The Sangam Literature (Part - II)
86 The Chola kingdom
87 The Chera Kingdom
88 The Pandya Kingdom

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

89 Sangam Age (Polity and Administration)

90 Sangam Age (Economy)
91 Sangam Age (Society)
92 Sangam Age (Religion and Arts)
93 Terminologies used in Sangam Age
94 The Pallavas
95 Administration, Society & Religion during Pallavas
96 Literature, Art & Architecture during Pallavas
97 Chalukyas of Vatapi
98 Administration, Economy,Social Life during Chalukyas
99 Literature, Art and Culture during the Chalukyas

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INSIGHTS ON ANCIENT
HISTORY OF INDIA

100 Ikshvakus
101 Kadamba Kingdom
102 The Kalabhras
103 Tripartite Struggle
104 Gurjar Pratihara
105 Palas of Bengal
106 Rashtrakutas

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 The
most significant
Magadha in the sixth
century BC

remained
Copper and iron
deposits near Gaya
The Magadha word
were natural assets
Kashi, Koshala, was first mentioned in
of Magadha
Magadha and the Vajji Atharvaveda

the Brihadratha First King of

dynasty belonged to Magadha was THE Capital of The iron ores in
Brihadratha Magadha Rajgriha the hills near
MAGADHA Rajgir
founded

Jarasandha, who was

a descendant of
Brihadratha Magadha became
the center of political During the reign of
activity in north India Bimbisara and Ajatasatru,
prosperity of Magadha
reached its zenith
the empire
in Magadha
Magadha had a
strategic position

between

upper and
lower part of
Gangetic valley

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 good mix of
Causes of had Aryan and
non-Aryan
Magadha?s Magadha people
Society was not
Success society had an
unorthodox dominated by
character the Brahmanas

It had a large
It had huge
Enhanced Philosophy Jainism and population with
copper and iron
liberal and thoughts In terms of Buddhism led to Causes of Magadha?s different
deposits
traditions a revolution occupations
Success

such as

Magadha enjoyed Area had fertile Agriculture, mining,

an advantageous soil drained by building cities and
geographical river Ganga served in the army
Magadha had
position
strong standing Which
armies

received
located on main
enough
land route
rainfall
between west and Able to make
east India Advanced
weaponry
Pataliputra
has famous
Both Rajagir and with
water fort
Pataliputra located
(Jaladurga)
on strategic
positions Availability
of iron
encircled by rivers
means

Near to Ganga, Son

First to deploy
richest Iron and Gandak
elephants on a
ores
large scale in
wars
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 Magadha
Empire
(Dynasties)

Magadha Empire
(Approx. 684 BCE to
320 BCE)

Harayanka Shishunga Nanda

Dynasty Dynasty Dynasty
(544 to 413 (413 to 345 (345 to 322
BCE) BCE) BCE)

Bimbisara Ajatshatru Udayin Shishunga Kalasoka Mahapadma Dhanananda

(545 to 493 (493 to 460 (460 to 444 (413 to 395 (395 to 367 Nanda (around (329 to 321
BCE) BCE) BCE) BCE) BCE) 350 BCE) BCE)

Prior to Harayanka
Dynasty

Brihadratha Pradyota
Dynasty Dynasty
(1700 to 682 (682 to 544
BCE) BCE)

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 Haryanka Dynasty
Haryanka (544-413 BCE)
Dynasty
Udayin (Udayabhadra)
Bimbisara Ajatashatru (460-444 BC)
(542-493 BC) (493-460 BC)

As per the
Succeeded by
First ruler of He is described Most powerful Mahavamsa,Ajatashatru?s
Dynastic marriages Ajatashatru killed his three kings:
Magadha, as Seniya and aggressive son Udayin succeeded
promoted goodwill father - Bimbisara Ajatashatru
Bimbisara ruler
i.e.
was and and
between Aniruddha,
the one ?with Just after the Manda,
an army?. death of Ruled for the Nagadasaka
Bimbisara and Patron of Ascended the Buddha in 483 next sixteen
contemporary rulers Buddhism throne BC years
of Koshala and Viji
Started the practice of
using matrimonial Later
founded succeeded by
alliances
He was a He convened the the Sisunaga
contemporary Adopted First Buddhist dynasty
First king to have to
expansionist policy Council at new capital at
standing army Rajgriha Pataliputra
of both Strengthen (modern Patna)
his political
position Defeated Koshala The fortification
Buddha and and Vaishali
Policy of conquest of Rajgriha
Mahavira
and expansion
The last ruler of
Effective and Ajatashatru was the Haryanka
excellent Used two
contemporary of innovative military dynasty
administrative Buddha
His conquest system weapons:
which had
of Anga gave important ports
that gave
Magadha
access to the
control over eastern coast of
War engine Chariot with
the routes to India
mace
the Ganges (Mahashilakantaka)
(Rathamusala)
Delta

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 Shishunaga
Dynasty
Later shifted
the capital to Kalashoka
Vaishali shifted the capital
to Patliputra

The capital was

at Girivaraja
the people of Son and
Shishunaga Magadha successor of
was made the revolted Shishunaga
King against
Nagadasaka

Kakarvarna
Shishunaga was a (according to
Viceroy/Amatya at the Puranas)
Kashi Known as
during the
reign of
Nagadasaka brought the
Kalasoka He was killed Nanda
Shishunga (413 Shishunaga Dynasty
(395 to 367 in a palace dynasty to the
to 395 BCE) (413 BC-345 BC)
BCE) revolution that throne

During the reign of

Shishunaga, Second
Magadha annexed Buddhist
Avanti(Ujjain) Council
(383 BC) held at

and
other Janapadas
into the fold of Vaishali
the Magadha
empire

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 Nanda Dynasty (First non-Kshatriya
Nanda dynasty)(345-322 BCE)
Dynasty

Mahapadma Dhanananda
Nanda (329 to 321
(around 350 BCE)
BCE)

owing to an
Last king of the Referred to as
He murdered He was from Presence of Jain oppressive
He is first historical Nanda dynasty Agrammes or
Kalasoka to a shudra ministerss like way of
emperor of India Xandrames in
become the (non-Kshatriya) Kalpaka, Sakatala, extorting
Greek texts
king. lineage etc in his court taxes
overthrown by
laid the Indicated
Puranas refer
He was a
to him Chandragupta contemporary
Foundation of the Maurya along
his leaning of Alexander
Nanda dynasty in with Chanakya
as toward jainism of Macedon
Magadha

Called destroyer of
which led to the
all Kshatriyas Credited with the
foundations of the
invention of
Mauryan Empire
Ugrasena in Pali Nandopakramani
i.e. in Magadha
texts, because of
his large army
became
Sarvaksatrantaka unpopular
his Sudra
and Ekarat among
His empire ran origins and an
anti-Kshatriya a particular subjects
from the Kuru
country in the north policy led to a measure
to the Godavari large number
Valley in the south of enemies
and from Magadha
in the east to
Narmada on the
west

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 FOREIGN
INVASIONS

Iranian (Persian) Greek/Alexander?s

Invasion in India Invasion (327 BC
(550 BC) ? 325 BC)

Founder of the
Achaemenid empire Ambhi (Omphis),
of Persia After defeating Darius
III, Last Achaemenid the king of
Products of (Iran),Cyrus II
emperor, Alexander Takshashila
this influence
were His grandson
Darius I
invaded during submitted to
FOREIGN INVASIONS crossed

conquered
Bell-shaped
Hindukush and
capital,Ashokan Bimbisar?s Alexander
entered north
inscriptions and reign in Punjab and western India
introduction of Magadha Sindh
Kharosthi script

succeeded in

which was
Indo-Iranian trade, Establishing control an Achaemenid
influences of language, over Gandhara, province in
art and architecture Kamboja, and Madra 327 BC
increased

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Impacts of but
Alexander?s opened the
cleared the did not go beyond
Invasion door for the Alexander which formed
way for the Bias, where the
Maurya Empire invaded only a part of the
establishment Persian territory
to born and By the province of Persian
of a strong ended
grow destroying Punjab Empire
empire
the warlike
tribes and
small
states
Greek
influences on the Encouraged political information
Gandhara School of Art unification of north India about that
and Architecture particulary Punjab & Sindh period

Seeds Provide
of
Accounts by
Indo-Bactrian and
Alexander?s
Parthian States in
historians
India were
planted Impacts of
Greek/Alexander?s
Invasion

Direct contact
Alexander

between
discovered
India and The Many Greeks
Greece discovery of turned
(Europe) new routes Hindus New land &
sea routes

increased
commerce

between
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Mauryan Establishment of the first
sub-continental empire
Age

Mauryan empire founded

in 321 BCE by Mauryan
Development Innovative and
Chandragupta Maurya with Age (321 to of comparatively stable
help of Chanakya
(Kautilya). 185 BCE) governance strategies

Maurya ruled over

the whole of the
Defeated
sub-continent
Dhananabda
of Nanda
Dynasty
Except

Kerala, Tamil Nadu,

and some parts of
north-eastern India

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