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Part-1 : PHYSICS
WORK
Work is said to be done, if force acting on a body is able SATELLITE
to actually move it through some distance in the direction • Satellites are natural or artificial bodies revolving
of the force. Its SI unit is a joule. around a planet under its gravitational force of
attraction.
ENERGY • Moon is a natural satellite, while INSAT-B is an
artificial satellite of Earth.
• Energy is a scalar quantity and its unit is Joule.
• The period of revolution of satellite revolving near the
• The sum of all kinds of energies in an isolated system
surface of earth is 1 hour 24 minutes (34 minutes).
remains constant at all times. This is the law of
• Geo-stationary satellite revolves around the Earth at
conservation of energy.
a height 36000 km (approx).
• Time period of rotation of geo-stationary satellite is 24
POWER hours.
Its unit is watt. • The Earth rotates on its axis from West to East. This
• 1 watt hour = 3600 Joule rotation makes the Sun and the stars appear to be
• 1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 x 106 joule moving across the sky from East to West.
• 1HP = 746 watt • A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite in
geosynchronous orbit, with an orbital period the same
GRAVITATION as the Earth's rotation period.
• Everybody in the universe attracts other body by a • A special case of geosynchronous satellite is the
force called force of gravitation. geostationary satellite, which has a geostationary
orbit – a circular geosynchronous orbit directly above
• The gravitational force of the earth is called gravity. the Earth's equator.
• The acceleration produced in a body due to force of • Geo-stationary satellite is used to telecast. TV
gravity is called acceleration due to gravity (g) and programmes from one part of the world to another, in
its value is 9.8 m/s' weather forecasting, in predictions of floods and
• Acceleration due to gravity is independent of shape, droughts.
size and mass of the body.
• Polar Satellite Revolves around the earth in polar orbit
• Escape velocity is the minimum velocity with, which at a height of 800km (app.) Time periods of these
an object just crosses the Earth's gravitational field satellites is 84 min.
and never returns. Escape velocity at the Earth's
surface is 11.2 km/s.
• Escape velocity at the Moon's surface is 2.4 km/s.
ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Due to low escape velocity there is no atmosphere on Cathode Rays
the moon.
• Value of g decreases with height or depth from Earth Cathode rays, discovered by Sir William Crooke
surface. and its properties are
• g is maximum at poles. • travel in straight lines.
• g is minimum at equator. • Produce fluorescence.
• g decreases due to rotation of Earth. • can penetrate through thin foils of metal and deflected
• g decreases if angular speed of Earth increases and by both electric and magnetic fields.
increases if angular speed of Earth decreases. • have velocity ranging 1/30th to 1/10th of the
• The acceleration due to gravity at the moon is one- velocity of light.
sixth that of the Earth. So, the weight of a person on
the surface of the moon will be 1/6 of his actual
weight on the Earth.
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Echo: The repetition of sound due to reflection of sound • To see his full image in a plane mirror, a person
waves is called an echo. required a mirror of at least half of his height.
Intensity: It is defined as amount of energy passing
normally per unit area held around that point per source
unit time. Spherical Mirror
Pitch: The sensation of a frequency is commonly referred Spherical mirrors are of two types
to as the pitch of a sound. 1. Concave mirror
Sonar: It stands for sound navigation and ranging. It is 2. Convex mirror
used to measure the depth of a sea, to locate the enemy
• Image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual,
submarines and shipwrecks.
erect and diminished.
Doppler's Effect • Image formed by a concave mirror is generally real
If there is a relative motion between source of sound and and inverted.
observer, the apparent frequency of sound heard by the
Uses of Concave Mirror
observer is different from the actual frequency of sound
emitted by the source. 1 his phenomenon is called (i) As a shaving mirror
Doppler's Effect. (ii) As a reflector for the head lights of a vehicle, search
light
LIGHT (iii) In ophthalmoscope to examine eye, ear, nose by
• Light is a form of energy, which is propagated as doctors.
electromagnetic wave. (iv) In solar cookers.
• It is the radiation which make our eyes able to 'see
the object. Its speed is 3 x 108 m/s. It is the form Uses of Convex Mirror
of energy. It is a transverse wave. (i) As a rear-view mirror in vehicle because it provides
• It takes 8 min 19s to reach on the earth from the the maximum rear field of view and image formed is
sun and the light reflected from moon takes 1.28s to always erect.
reach earth. (ii) In sodium reflector lamp.
• Primary Colours- Blue, Red, Green
• Secondary Colours- The coloured produced my Refraction of Light
mixing any two primary colors • The bending of the ray of light passing from one
• Complementary Colours- Any two colours when medium to other medium is called refraction. When a
added produce white light. ray of light enters from one medium to other medium,
• Blue colour of sky is due to scattering of light. its frequency and phase do not change, but
• The brilliant red colour of rising and setting sun is due wavelength and velocity change. Due to refraction
to scattering of light. form Earth's atmosphere, the stars appear to twinkle.
Human Eye
• Least distance of distinct vision is 25 cm. Critical Angle
• Myopia or short sightedness- far objects cannot see • The angle of incidence in a denser medium for which
clear the angle of refraction in rarer medium becomes 90°,
is called the critical angle.
• Hyperopia or hypermetropia or Long-sightedness-
Near objects cannot see clear
Total Internal Reflection
• Presbyopia- in elder person, both far and near
cannot see clear • Sparkling of diamond, mirage and looming, shinning
of air bubble in water and optical Fiber are examples
Reflection of Light of total internal reflection.
• When a ray of light falls on a boundary separating two Power of a lens
media comes back into the same media, then this • Power of a lens is its capacity to deviate a ray. It
phenomenon is called reflection of light. is measured as the reciprocal of the focal length
in meters.
Reflection from Plane Mirror • SI Unit of Power is diopter.
• If an object moves towards a plane mirror with speed
v, relative to the object the moves towards it with a
speed 2v.
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ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM • Isogonic lines are lines on the Earth's surface along
which the declination has the same constant value,
Charge and lines along which the declination is zero are
Charge is the basic property associated with matter due called agonic lines.
to which it produces and experiences electrical and
• Isoclinic lines are imaginary lines on the earth's
magnetic effects. Similar charges repel each other and
surface connecting points where the earth's magnetic
opposite charges attract each other. The SI unit of charge
field has the same angle.
is coulomb.
• The aclinic line is the magnetic equator, where the
Conductor: Conductors are those materials, which allow magnetic field is inclined neither north or south, so
electricity to pass through them. Metals like silver, iron, it's a special case of an isoclinic line.
copper and earth acts like a conductor. Silver is the best • Isodynamic line- A line on a map connecting points
conductor. of equal strength of the earth's magnetic field.
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4. Melting point of ice ____________. Because desert air contains less moisture and
A. increases with increase of pressure because cloud cover is less frequent in deserts,
B. decreases with increase of pressure temperatures vary more widely between day and
night in deserts than in other areas. Deserts may
C. is independent of pressure
experience temperature variations of 30-40
D. None of these degrees between day and night (vs 20-30 degrees
Ans. B in other areas), this means a nighttime low of 70-
The melting point of ice at 1 atmosphere of 80 degrees after a 110-degree day
pressure is very close to 0 °C (32 °F, 273.15 K); 9. When we hear a sound, we can identify its
this is also known as the ice point. source from ____________.
5. Radioactivity was discovered by_________? A. wave length of sound
A. J.J. Thomson B. W.Roentgen B. the overtones present in the sound
C. H.Becquerel D. M. Curie C. the intensity of sound
Ans. C D. the amplitude of sound
Ans. B
Antoine-Henri Becquerel is known for his discovery
of radioactivity, for which he received the Nobel An overtone is any frequency higher than the
Prize for Physics in 1903. fundamental frequency of a sound. Using the model
of Fourier analysis, the fundamental and the
Unstable atomic nuclei will spontaneously
overtones together are called partials. Harmonics,
decompose to form nuclei with a higher stability.
or more precisely, harmonic partials, are partials
The decomposition process is called radioactivity.
whose frequencies are integer multiples of the
6. If the temperature inside a room is fundamental.
increased, the relative humidity will______? 10. A boy is standing in front of a plane mirror at
A. increase a distance of 3 m from it. What is the distance
B. decrease between the boy and his image?
C. remain unchanged A. 3 m B. 6 m
C. 4.5 m D. None of these
D. none of these
Ans. B
Ans. B The image formed by a plane mirror is always
This is because temperatures in the home can be virtual upright, and of the same shape and size as
much different than the temperature outside. This the object it is reflecting. A virtual image is a copy
is because of that important relationship between of an object formed at the location from which the
temperature and how much maximum moisture light rays appear to come
can be in the air. 11. Energy is continuously generated in the sun
7. In a transistor, the base is ______________. due to ________________.
A. an insulator A. Nuclear fusion
B. Nuclear fission
B. a conductor of low resistance
C. Radioactivity
C. a conductor of high resistance
D. Artificial radioactivity
D. an extrinsic semiconductor Ans. A
Ans. D Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to more atomic nuclei come very close and then
amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical collide at a very high speed and join to form a new
power. It is composed of semiconductor material type of atomic nucleus. During this process, matter
with at least three terminals for connection to an is not conserved because some of the matter of the
external circuit. fusing nuclei is converted to photons.
8. Nights are cooler in the deserts than in the 12. Hydrogen bomb is based upon the principle of
plains because _____________. ___________.
A. Nuclear fission
A. Sand radiates heat more quickly than the earth
B. Nuclear fusion
B. The sky remains clear most of the time C. Controller nuclear reaction
C. Sand absorbs heat more quickly than the earth D. None of these
D. Of none of the above reasons Ans. B
Ans. A
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The hydrogen bomb eventually relies upon atomic The two laws of reflection of light are applicable to
fusion (adding to the atomic nucleus) to release sound waves as well. The incident wave, the normal
energy. Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in to the reflecting surface and the reflected wave at
which two or more atomic nuclei come very close the point of incidence lie in the same plane. The
and then collide at a very high speed and join to angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this ∠r.
process, matter is not conserved because some of 18. In an electric motor, the energy
the matter of the fusing nuclei is converted to transformation is from _________________.
photons A. electrical to chemical
13. The south pole of the earth’s magnet is near B. chemical to light
the geographical _____________. C. mechanical to electrical
A. south B. east D. electrical to mechanical
C. west D. north Ans. D
Ans. D An electric motor is an electrical machine that
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
The South Pole of the Earth's magnet is in the
The reverse of this would be the conversion of
geographical North because it attracts the North
mechanical energy into electrical energy and is
Pole of the suspended magnet and vice versa.
done by an electric generator.
Thus, there is a magnetic S-pole near the
geographical North, and a magnetic N-pole near 19. The focal length of a plane mirror is _______.
the geographical South A. Positive B. Negative
14. Number of basic SI unit is ___________. C. Zero D. Infinity
A. 4 B. 7 Ans. D
C. 6 D. 5 A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat reflective
Ans. B surface. The focal length of a plane mirror is
infinity. Its optical power is zero.
International System of Units (SI) is the modern
metric system of measurement and the dominant 20. A dynamo converts _______________.
system of international commerce and trade. It A. Mechanical energy into sound energy
has seven base units. B. Mechanical energy into electrical energy
15. The wire having a green plastic covering is a C. Electrical energy into mechanical energy
__________. D. None of these
A. Line wire B. Neutral wire Ans. B
C. Earth wire D. None of these The dynamo, by attaching it in between the two
Ans. C tires, converts the mechanical energy (which of
The earth wire is a crucial part of the home course, is produced by paddling) into electrical
electrical system and is designed to protect energy, and by connecting the wires going out of
against electric shock. the dynamo to light, it glows without any flaw.
16. The working principle of a Washing Machine 21. Which of the following is used in oven?
is ______________. A. X-rays
A. Centrifugation B. UV-rays
B. Dialysis C. Microwaves
C. Reverse osmosis D. Radio waves
D. Diffusion Ans. C
Ans. A An oven is a thermally insulated chamber used for
Washing machine works on the principle of the heating, baking or drying of a substance and
centrifugal force. most commonly used for cooking.
17. Sound and light waves both ____________. 22. Decibel is the unit of _______.
A. have similar wavelength A. Speed of light
B. obey the laws of reflection B. Intensity of sound
C. travel as longitudinal waves C. Intensity of heat
D. travel through vacuum D. None of these
Ans. B Ans. B
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Decibel (dB) unit is used for expressing the ratio 28. Radian per second is unit of _____________.
between two amounts of electric or acoustic power A. Momentum B. Moment of Inertia
for measuring the relative loudness of sounds. C. Frequency D. Angle Velocity
23. The ozone layer in the atmosphere is at a Ans. D
height of about _____________.
The SI unit of angular velocity is radians per
A. 25 km B. 50 km second.
C. 100 km D. 200 km 29. Which law states, "The rate of loss of heat by
Ans. B a body is directly proportional to the
Ozone is mainly found in two regions of the Earth's difference in temperature between the body
atmosphere. Most ozone (about 90%) resides in a and the surroundings"?
layer that begins between 10 to 17 kilometers A. Doppler's Effect
above the Earth's surface and extends up to about B. Newton's law of cooling
50 kilometers
C. Kirchhoff's Law
24. A camera uses a __________ to form an
D. Stefan's Law
image on a piece of film at the back.
Ans. B
A. convex lens B. concave lens
Newton's Law of Cooling states that the rate of
C. diverging lens D. none of these
change of the temperature of an object is
Ans. A proportional to the difference between its own
A camera consists of three main parts. temperature and the ambient temperature.
• The body which is light tight and contains all 30. The loudness of sound depends upon______.
the mechanical parts.
A. Velocity
• The lens which is a convex lens.
• The film or a charged couple device in the case B. Pitch
of a digital camera. C. Amplitude
25. Newton is used to measure______. D. Wavelength
A. Speed B. Volume Ans. C
C. Force D. Area Loudness is the characteristic of a sound that is
primarily a psychological correlate of physical
Ans. C strength (amplitude).
The newton (N) is the International System of 31. SI Unit of Time is __________.
Units (SI) derived unit of force. It is named after
A. Second B. Meter
Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on
classical mechanics, specifically Newton's second C. Kilogram D. Angstrom
law of motion. Ans. A
26. X- rays are ________waves. The SI unit of time is second, symbol is (s).
A. Longitudinal B. Transverse 32. SI unit for the surface tension is __________.
A. kg/m2 B. kg/m3
C. Electromagnetic D. Elastic
C. N/m D. kg/m
Ans. C
Ans. C
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation as
Surface tension is measured in force per unit
are radio waves.
length. Its SI unit is newton per meter.
27. The technique used by bats to find their way 33. A player making a long jump is an example of
or to locate food is _______. _____________.
A. SONAR
A. Projectile motion
B. RADAR
B. Rotatory motion
C. Echolocation
C. Spinning motion
D. Flapping
D. Horizontal motion
Ans. C
Ans. A
Bats use echolocation to navigate and find food in
the dark. To echolocate, bats send out sound Projectile motion is a form of motion in which an
waves from their mouth or nose. When the sound object or particle is thrown near the earth's surface
waves hit an object they produce echoes and it moves along a curved path under the action
of gravity only.
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34. The angular velocity depends upon the rate A rocket works by expelling gases from one end at
of change of the _________________. a very high velocity. The escaping gases have a
A. Angular Distance very high speed and this with their mass translates
to a very large momentum. Due to the principle of
B. Angular acceleration
conservation f momentum the body of the rocket is
C. Angular Displacement pushed forward. If both the momentum of the
D. torque gases as well as that of the rocket are added the
Ans. C sum is zero.
The angular velocity is defined as the rate of 37. Sound waves in air are _________.
change of angular displacement and is a vector A. transverse B. longitudinal
quantity which specifies the angular speed of an C. electromagnetic D. polarised
object and the axis about which the object is
Ans. B
rotating.
Sound can propagate through compressible media
35. Radio waves, microwaves, infra-red
such as air, water and solids as longitudinal waves
spectrum, ultraviolet rays, X-rays and
and also as a transverse wave in solids.
gamma rays are classified as __________.
38. Who among the following is the scalar
A. light waves
quantity__________________.
B. electromagnetic waves
A. force B. pressure
C. electric waves
C. velocity D. acceleration
D. magnetic waves
Ans. B
Ans. B
Pressure is a scalar quantity. It relates the vector
Electromagnetic radiation is the radiant energy surface element with the normal force acting on it.
released by certain electromagnetic processes. It
39. Sound of frequency below 20 Hz is called
consists of electromagnetic waves which are
______________.
synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic
fields that propagate at the speed of light through A. audio sounds B. infrasonic
a vacuum. C. ultrasonic D. supersonics
36. A rocket works on the principle of Ans. B
conservation of ____________. The term "infrasonic" applied to sound refers to
A. mass B. linear momentum sound waves below the frequencies of audible
C. energy D. angular momentum sound and nominally includes anything under 20
Hz.
Ans. B
Part-2 : CHEMISTRY
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Producer Gas Carbon monoxide (CO) + By passing insufficient air over red hot
Nitrogen (N2) coke
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Biogas or Gobar Gas Methane (CH4) + Carbon dioxide From organic wastes
(CO2) + Hydrogen (H2)+ Nitrogen
(N2)
• Physical changes are the change, which only affect • Water extinguishes fire because as it
the physical properties like colour, hardness, evaporates, the vapours surround the burning
density, melting point etc. of matter, but do not substance, cutting off the oxygen supply, thus
affect the composition and chemical properties of inhibiting burning process.
matter. • In case of electrical or oil (petrol) fires, water
• A physical change is temporary, while a chemical cannot be used as extinguisher. This is because
change is permanent. water is a conductor of electricity and heavier
than oil. Thus, oil floats over it and continues to
• Crystallisation, sublimation, 'boiling, melting, burn.
vaporisation, cutting of trees, dissolving sugar or
salt in water etc. are physical changes.
• Carbon dioxide, which is generated by the reaction
of baking soda with acid, is used extinguish
• Chemical changes affect the composition as well electrical or oil fires. Quality of petrol is measured
as chemical properties of matter and result in the in terms of octane number and that of diesel in
formation of a new substance. terms of cetane number.
• Burning of fuel, burning of candle and paper,
electrolysis of water, photo synthesis, ripening of Safety Matches
fruits etc, are examples of chemical changes In safety matches, the stick consists of mixture of
antimony trisulphide and potassium chlorate at its
one end. The box side contains a mixture of
Coal
powdered glass and phosphorus.
Coal is obtained by carbonization of vegetable matter
and is available in different varieties:
Acids, Bases and Salts
• Peat- 60% C
Acids
• Lignite or Brown Coal – 70% C
• These are the substance, which have sour taste
• Bituminous – 60 to 80 % C and turn blue litmus red.
• Anthracite Coal – 90% C • These are good conductor of electricity in
aqueous solution.
• Fame
• Pickels are always kept in glass jar because acid
present in them reacts with metal to produce
Flame contains three parts hydrogen gas.
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Ores - Those minerals from which the metals are extracted commercially and economically and with minimum
effort are called Ores of Metals.
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12. Which one of the following is correct? Setting of Carbon reacts with reactive metals, such as tungsten,
plaster of Paris is . carbon forms either carbides to form alloys with high
A. dehydration melting points.
B. oxidation with atmospheric oxygen 18. Which one of the following elements is metalloid?
C. hydration leading to another hydrate A. Si B. Pb
D. combination with atmospheric carbon dioxide C. Ge D. C
Ans: D Ans: C
To make lime plaster, limestone (calcium carbonate) A metalloid is a chemical element with properties in
is heated to produce quicklime (calcium oxide). Water between metals and nonmetals. Germanium (Ge) is a
is then added to produce slaked lime, which is sold as chemical element. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white
a wet putty. Additional water is added to form a paste metalloid in the carbon group.
prior to use. The paste may be stored in airtight 19. Which one of the following is used in the preparation
containers. When exposed to the atmosphere, the of antiseptic solution?
calcium hydroxide very slowly turns back into calcium A. Potassium nitrate B. Iodine
carbonate through reaction with atmospheric carbon C. Iodine chloride D. Potassium chloride
dioxide, causing the plaster to increase in strength. Ans: B
13. Which of the following is the best conductor of Antiseptics are chemical agents that slow or stop the
electricity? growth of micro-organisms (germs) on external
A. Ordinary water B. Sea water surfaces of the body and help prevent infections.
C. Boiled water D. Distilled water 20. The name catalysis was given by .
Ans: B A. Ratherford B. landmuir
Sea water is a "good" conductor. It has a resistance C. Grahm D. Berzelius
and resistance increases by distance. So if you dip a Ans: B
very high voltage electric wire in the ocean, the area Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical
around it (even 100 meters or more based on how reaction due to the participation of an additional
high it is) gets electric. substance called a catalyst. With a catalyst, reactions
14. Which one among the following substances occur faster and with less energy. Because catalysts
evolved heat when dissolved in water? are not consumed, they are recycled. Often only tiny
A. Glucose B. Fructose amounts are required.
C. Quick lime D. Salt peter 21. Which of the following is not a natural polymer?
Ans: C A. Wool B. Silk
Quicklime is a widely used chemical compound. It is a C. Cotton D. Teflon
white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room Ans: D
temperature. When limestone is heated, at about Natural polymers occur in nature and can be extracted.
1000° C it undergoes thermal decomposition. They are often water-based. Examples of naturally
It loses carbon dioxide and turns into quicklime occurring polymers are silk, wool, DNA, cellulose,
(calcium oxide). cotton and proteins.
15. Which one among the following polymers is used 22. Gamma rays are .
for making bullet-proof material? A. High energy electrons
A. Polyvinyl chloride B. Polystyrene B. Low energy electrons
C. Polyethylene D. Polyamide C. High energy electromagnetic
Ans: C D. High energy positron waves
A bullet-proof material is made of polyethylene. It is a Ans: C
higher grade of the plastic found in Tupperware. Gamma rays (γ) refer to electromagnetic radiation of an
16. Hydrogen was discovered by ? extremely high frequency and therefore consist of high-
A. Cavendish energy photons.
B. Lavosier 23. The ultrapure metal is obtained by ?
C. Rutherford A. Calcination B. Sublimation
D. Scheele C. zone refining D. None of these
Ans: A Ans: C
In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize The principal stages in the production of ultrapure
hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the metals are the preparation of pure chemical compounds,
gas from a metal-acid reaction "flammable air". the reduction of the compounds to the elementary state
17. Carbon reacts with metal to form. and further purification. Pure compounds are obtained
A. Carbide B. Carbonate by sorption, extraction, distillation, rectification, ion
C. Hydroxide D. Oxide exchange, and recrystallization from aqueous solutions
Ans: A
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24. The gas used in a refrigerator is ? Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power plants for
A. cooled down on flowing electricity generation. These are generally graphite
B. heated up on flowing moderated and CO2 cooled.
C. cooled down when compressed 30. An acid is a substance which _ _ _ _ _ .
D. cooled down when expanded A. Donates a proton B. Accepts an electron
Ans: D C. Give H+ in water D. All
Common refrigerants used in various applications are Ans: D
ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and non-halogenated An acid is a chemical substance whose aqueous
hydrocarbons such as propane. Compressing these solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability
gasses into liquids they are made to give up their heat. to turn blue litmus red and the ability to react with
25. Which one of the following petroleum refinery bases and certain metals to form salts.
products has the lowest boiling point? 31. A mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is
A. Kerosene B. Gasoline called .
C. Diesel D. Lubricating oil A. Producer gas B. Water gas
Ans: D C. Natural gas D. None
Lubricating oil is the most commonly used lubricant Ans: B
because of its wide range of possible applications. The Water gas is a synthesis gas, containing carbon
two basic categories of lube oil are mineral and monoxide and hydrogen. It is a useful product but
synthetic. Mineral oils are refined from naturally requires careful handling due to its flammability and the
occurring petroleum, or crude oil. Synthetic oils are risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. The gas is made by
manufactured polyalphaolefins, which are hydrocarbon passing steam over a red-hot carbon fuel such as
-based polyglycols or ester oils. coke.
26. Compound having tetrahedral structure is___ . 32. The compound of a metal found in nature is called.
A. C2H4 B. C2H2 A. Mineral B. Ore
C. CH4 D. None of these C. Flux D. Slag
Ans: C Ans: A
Methane is a tetrahedral molecule with four Metals are an integral part of our planet and are found
equivalent C-H bonds. Its electronic structure is in almost all rocks and soils. Most metals form
described by four bonding molecular orbitals resulting compounds called minerals, which are naturally
from the overlap of the valence orbitals on C and H. occurring, inorganic solids with regular chemical
27. The constant temperature, the product of pressure compositions and crystal structures.
and volume of a given amount of a gas is constant . 33. Freon is used as .
This is _ _ _ _ _ _ . A. Oxidant B. Refrigerant
A. Gay-Lussac law B. Charles’s law C. Catalyst D. Both A and B
C. Boyle’s law D. Pressure law Ans: B
Ans: C Freon uses for a number of halocarbon products. They
Boyle's law is a gas law, stating that the pressure are stable, nonflammable, moderately toxic gases or
and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, liquids which have typically been used as refrigerants
when temperature is held constant. If volume and as aerosol propellants.
increases, then pressure decreases and vice versa 34. Which gas is used in filling electric bulbs .
when temperature is held constant. A. Neon B. Argon
28. Modern periodic law had been given by . C. Radon D. Krypton
A. Moseley B. Mendeleev Ans: B
C. Lother-Mayer D. Lavoisier Argon is used to fill incandescent light bulbs to
Ans: A inhibit the evaporation of the tungsten filaments and
In 1913, H.G.J Moseley in England proved that the increase bulb life.
more fundamental properties of an element are its 35. Lead pencil contains .
atomic number. Therefore he suggested that the A. Lead nitrate B. Graphite
basis of classification of elements should be atomic C. Lead peroxide D. Lead Sulphate
number. Ans: B
29. In Nuclear reactors graphite is used as . Most pencil cores are made of graphite mixed with a
A. Lubricant B. Fuel clay binder which leaves grey or black marks that can
C. Linear of the reactor D. Modulator be easily erased.
Ans: D
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50. Human bone does not contain . Human Bones are primarily formed from salts of
A. calcium B. carbon calcium, carbon and phosphate, the major salt
C. oxygen D. phosphorous being hydroxyapatite.
Ans: C
Part-3 : BIOLOGY
Biology is one of the important subjects from the exam Vitamin B2:
point of view. In this post we have come up with Short • Vitamin B2 is also known as Riboflavin.
Notes from the Biology part of the General • Deficiency diseases: Dark red tongue,
Knowledge section. A good number of questions are dermatitis, cheilosis occurs at the corners of
asked in every exam. Thus, the post is very helpful for mouth & lips.
the upcoming SSC & Railway Exams Vitamin B3:
Vitamins: • Vitamin B3 is also known as Pentothenic acid.
• Organic compound required in small amounts in • Deficiency diseases: Burning sensations of
the die to maintain normal metabolic functions feet.
are known as 'Vitamins'. Vitamin B5:
• The term vitamin was changed to vitamin when • Vitamin B5 is also known as Nicotinic
it was realized that not all vitamins are amines. acid/Niacin.
• Many vitamins act as (or) are converted into • Deficiency diseases: Pellagra, dermatitis,
coenzymes; they neither provide energy nor are diarrhea.
incorporated into tissues. Vitamin B6:
• These also regulate the Bio-chemical processes • Vitamin B6 is also known as Pyridoxine.
in the body. • Deficiency diseases: Dermatitis and
Vitamins are classified into two groups convulsions.
1. Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). These are Vitamin B7:
rich in liver cells. • Vitamin B7 is also known as Biotin (also
2. Water soluble vitamins (C, B-complex). These considered as vitamin H).
are present in much smaller amounts in cells. • Deficiency diseases: Dermatitis, blood
Fat soluble vitamins: cholesterol increases, loss of hair and paralysis.
Vitamin B9:
Vitamin A:
• Vitamin B9 is also known as Folic acid.
• Vitamin A is also known as 'Retinol'.
• Deficiency diseases: Anemia, inflammation of
• Deficiency diseases: Night blindness, redness tongue, gastro intestinal disorders.
in eyes (Exophthalmia), degeneration of Vitamin B12:
lachrymal glands.
• Vitamin B12 is also known as 'Cynocobal
Vitamin D:
amine'.
• Vitamin D is also known as 'Calciferol'. • Deficiency diseases: Pernicious anemia,
• Deficiency diseases: Rickets in children, hyperglycemia.
Osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin C:
Vitamin E: • Vitamin C is also known as 'Ascorbic acid'.
• Vitamin E is also known as 'Tocopherol'. • Deficiency diseases: Scurvy, delay in wound
• Deficiency diseases: Sterility nutritional nuclear healing.
dystrophy, neurosis of heart muscles. Human Diseases Caused by Fungi :-
Vitamin K: • Ringworm caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton
• Vitamin K is also known as 'Anti hemorrhagic'. by direct contact from unbathed cats and dogs
• Deficiency diseases: Blood coagulation is or objects handled by infected individuals.
prevented, continuous bleeding occurs. • Athlete's foot caused by Trichophyton by Bad
Water soluble vitamins: foot hygiene where skin remains warm and
Vitamin 'B Complex': Vitamin B Complex is a mixture moist for long period, fungi finds optimal
of B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12. condition, invade dead outer layer of skin.
Vitamin B1: Human Diseases Caused by Viruses
• Vitamin B1 is also known as Thiamin. • Smallpox caused by Variola Virus by direct
• Deficiency diseases: Beri Beri disease which contact (droplets), indirected by
affects the legs. • infected articles.
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• Chicken pox caused by Varicella virus by direct • Bacillary dysentery caused by short rod
contact (droplets) indirected (Shigella dysenteriae)by Flies, food, faeces,
• by infected objects. water and carriers.
• Common cold caused by Rhinovirus by contact. • Whooping cough caused by small short rod
• Influenza/Flu caused by Orthomixovirus by (Hemophilus pertussis) by Droplets protected
contact (droplets) virus transmitted through during coughing and sneezing.
discharge from respiratory tracts of persons • Syphilis caused by Spiralshaped organism
infected with disease (Treponema pallidam) by direct contact, chiefly
• Mumps caused by Mumps virus by direct sexual intercourse.
contact, virus in Saliva and secretion of nose • Leprosy caused by Mycobacterium Leprae by
invades salivary glands. long and close contact with infected persons
• Viral encephalitis caused by Encephalitis virus • Botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum by
(arbovirus) by some domestic animals’ reservoir organism produces poison in food.
of virus, transmitted by mosquito bite to man. Human Diseases Caused by Protozoans
• Poliomyelitis caused by Poliovirus by contact, • Amoebic dysentery (Amoebiasis) caused by
houseflies, fleas, food and water. Entamoeba histolytica by Transmission from
man to man through ingestion of cysts in
• Rabies (Hydrophobia) caused by Rabies virus
drinking water vegetables and food
(Rhabdovirus) by Bite a mad
contaminated with faeces.
• (rabid) dog
• Diarrhea 'Giardiasis' caused by Giardia
• Dengue fever or breakbone fever caused by intestinalis by Transmission from man to man
Dengue virus (arbovirus) by Mosquito (Aedes) through ingestion of cysts in drinking water
bite. vegetables and food contaminated with faces.
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax by
caused by Human Tcell Transmitted to man by bite of an infected female
• Lenkemia virus (HTLVIlI) also called LAV auophelise mosquito.
(Retrovirus) by blood and sperm among • Sleeping sickness (Trypanosomiasis) caused by
homosexuals, heterosexuals, intravenous drug Trypanosoma brucei by Transmitted by bite of
users, haemophiliacs, promiscuous individuals tsetse fly
and prostitutes.
Some Important Information & Facts
Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Related to Biology
• Septic sore throat caused by Streptococcus Sp
by Bacteria infect throat and nasal membranes 1. Melvin Kelvin was awarded Nobel Prize for his
by droplets and direct contact. work on Photosynthesis
• Diphtheria caused by Irregular rod 2. The largest flower in the world is Refflessia and
(Corynebacterium diphtheria) by Bacteria infect the smallest one is wolfessia.
respiratory tract by carrier, through contact,
3. Penicillin is obtained from penicillium
droplets and food items.
Notatum.
• Pneumonia caused by Diplococcus pneumonia
4. Reserpine derived from the plant 'serpentine' is
by Bacteria transmitted to respiratory tract,
used to alleviate high blood pressure.
including the lungs by droplet infection.
5. Plants, living in acidic soils, are called
• Tuberculosis caused by Irregular rod
oxalophytes.
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) by Bacteria
transmitted to lungs, bones and other organs by 6. Photosynthesis is most active in blue and red
direct contact droplet infection, food and milk. light in which light energy is converted into
chemical energy and 02 is not a limiting process
• Plague or Bubonic caused by Short rod
during this process.
(Yersinia pestis) by Rat flea spreads disease
from rat to man. 7. The smallest bone, lies stapes is found in the
human ear.
• Tetanus or LockJaw caused by Clostridium
tetani by Bacteria in soil, enter through wound. 8. Enzymes are basically proteins.
• Typhoid or enteric fever caused by, Salmonella 9. Mitochondria is called the 'power house of
typhi by Flies, food, faces water and carriers. the cell'
• Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae by Flies food, 10. Pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine
stools, water and carriers. gland.
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11. Persons of blood group '0' are called 'Universal Important One-liner Type Questions-
Donor' while that of 'AB' are called 'Universal
Acceptors'. 1. Banana Freckle, a plant disease, is caused by
12. Seedless fruits are formed by _________. - Fungus
parthenogenesis.
2. What is the scientific name of Neem? -
13. Simple plants that contain no chlorophyll are Azadirachta Indica
called fungi.
3. Who discovered the Bacteria? - Van
14. Spirogyra is commonly known as 'pond silk' Leeuwenhoek
15. The longest muscle in the human body is found
4. To which phylum does the Amoeba belong?
in thigh.
- Protozoa
16. In a leaf, the opening between two guard cells is
5. Who is known as The Father of the Green
stomata.
Revolution? - Norman Ernest Borlaug
17. Gibberellins are responsible for cell elongation.
6. Pneumonia affects which part of the Human
18. The chemical name of chlorophyll is
Body? - Lungs
magnesium Dihydro prophysin.
7. Who is known as The Father of Genetics? -
19. Bile is produced in liver and stored in gel
Gregor Mendel
bladder.
20. All arteries, except pulmonary artery carry 8. Which is the second largest gland of the Human
oxygenated blood. Body? - Pancreas
21. The main function of W.B. C. is to produce 9. The deficiency of vitamin B-1 causes _______. –
antibodies. Beri-Beri
22. Retina in the eye, acts as a film in the camera. 10. Which drug is yielded from Cinchona tree to cure
23. Human tears contain a mild antibacterial agent, Malaria? - Quinine
named Lysozyme. 11. What is the common name of the Retinol? -
24. The biggest bone in the human body is femur. Vitamin A
25. Vitamin B12 is almost never found in plants. 12. Human Skin have _____________ layers? -
Three
26. Agrostology is the study of grasses.
13. What is the full form of DNA? -
27. Phycology is the study of a algae while the
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
study of fossils is called paleontology
14. Beetroot is which portion of the plant? - Tap
28. Hydroponics is cultivating plants without using
Root
soil.
15. _______ is the basic unit of heredity. - Gene
29. Palco botany is the study of fossils of botanical
specimens. 16. Who is also known as Father of Microbiology? -
Van Leeuwenhoek
30. Pepsin & Lactose enzymes ad on proteins in
the digestive system. 17. Which scientist had developed the Theory of
Evolution? - Charles Darwin
31. The water soluble vitamins are vitamin B and C
18. Which branch of science is concerned with the
32. A chemical change in DNA molecule is called
classification of organisms? -Taxonomy
mutation.
19. In plants, respiration takes place through
33. Glycogen acts as a short term food reserve in
_______. - Stomata
animals.
20. Dermatitis is a ______________ disease. -
34. Estrogen is a female sex hormone.
Fungal
35. The enzyme amylase aids in the digestion of
21. In which form, Glucose is stored in our body? -
starch.
Glycogen
36. ATP synthesis takes place in mitochondria.
22. Plants synthesize proteins from _______. -
37. 70% of the body weight of a man is water. Amino Acids
38. The tough transparent membrane that protects 23. Which organ is also known as The Biochemical
the eye ball is called cornea. Laboratory of the Human Body? - Liver
39. Energy is produced in human body by 24. What is responsible for the yellow colour of
Carbohydrates. urine? - Urochrome
40. Sugar is the product of the dark reactions of 25. Who discovered the Antibiotics? - Alexander
photosynthesis. Flaming
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26. The functional unit of the Kidney is known as 51. Weil's disease is caused due to the _______
_____. - Nephrons infection. - Bacterial
27. Leprosy is caused by ____________. Bacteria 52. Who invented the stethoscope? - René Laennec
28. Lipase, the fat-digesting enzyme is secreted by 53. Har Govind Khorana shared the Nobel Prize in
________. - Pancreas the field of ______. - Medicine
29. Scientists who proposed The Cell Theory? (Physiology)
- Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob 54. ________ is also known as milk sugar. -
Schleiden Lactose
30. Who proposed the Mutation Theory? - 55. ______ mosquito is the carrier of Zika Virus. -
Hugo de Vries Aedes
31. What does ATP stand for? - Adenosine 56. Which is the largest artery in the human body?
triphosphate - Aorta
32. Which bacteria causes Typhoid? - Salmonella 57. What kind of process Fermentation is? -
typhi Anaerobic Respiration
33. Who wrote "Systema Naturae"? - Carl Linnaeus 58. Quinine is obtained from the bark of ____.
34. Acacia arabica is the scientific name of which - Cinchona
plant? - Babul Tree
35. Who coined the term "Ecology"? - Ernst Important Objective Type Questions
Haeckel
36. Johannes Friedrich Miescher discovered 1. DOTS is a treatment given to patients suffering
the__________. - Nucleic Acids from _______
37. The "study of Classification of Organisms" is A. Polio B. AIDS
known as ____________. - Taxonomy C. Hepatitis D. Tuberculosis
38. Which is the confirmatory test for AIDS? - Ans. D.
ELISA 2. Polyploidy arises due to change in the
39. Jute is obtained from which part of the plant? - A. number of chromatids
Stem B. structure of genes
C. number of chromosomes
40. Which plant is also called Herbal Indian Doctor?
D. structure– of chromosomes
- Amla
Ans. A.
41. What is the energy currency of the cell? - ATP
3. The suicidal bags of the cell are
42. Which human gland is responsible for the A. Lysosomes B. Ribosomes
secretion of insulin? - Pancreas C. Dictyosomes D. Phagosomes
43. Which pigment is responsible for the colour of Ans. A.
the skin? - Melanin 4. Who among the following is credited with starting
44. Which pigment is responsible for the yellow the work on plant tissue culture?
colour of urine? - Urochrome A. F.C. Steward B. P. Maheshwari
45. Which organ breaks Fat to produce cholesterol? C. P.R. White D. Haberlandt
- Liver Ans. D.
46. Quinine is used in the treatment of which 5. Which of the following uses the spawn mechanism
disease? - Malaria to duplicate itself?
47. which is also known as the tear gland of the A. Trojan horse B. Worm
human body? - Lacrimal Glands C. Keystroke logger D. Logic bomb
48. What is the name of the first test tube baby? Ans. B.
- Louise Joy Brown 6. What is the main purpose of white blood
corpuscles?
49. Which gland is also known as ductless gland? -
Endocrine Glands A. to carry nutrients B. to combat infection
C. to carry oxygen D. to give strength
50. The green colour of the leaves is due to
Ans. B.
________. - Chlorophyll (Don't get confused,
7. The layer where the decrease in temperature with
Chloroplast is a cell organelle in which
increasing altitude is totally absent is
chlorophyll pigment is present.)
A. Troposphere B. Ionosphere
C. Stratosphere D. Mesosphere
Ans. C.
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Ans. B.
18. The oxygen liberated during photosynthesis
8. Siderosis is a disease caused by the inhalation of comes from
A. silica dust B. iron dust A. Water B. Carbon dioxide
C. zinc dust D. coal dust C. Glucose D. Chlorophyll
Ans. B. Ans. A.
9. The largest artery in human body is 19. The term 'Higgs Boson' is associated with
A. Aorta B. Capillary A. Nano Technology
C. Vena cava D. Pulmonary vein B. Oncology
Ans. A. C. God Particle
10. Nitrification is the biological process of converting D. Stem Cell Research
A. N2 into nitrate Ans. C.
B. N2 into nitrite 20. The hormone that stimulates heart beat is
C. Ammonia into nitrite A. Thyroxine B. Gastrin
D. Ammonia into N2 C. Glycogen D. Dopamine
Ans. C. Ans. A.
11. Blood is red in colour due to the presence of 21. The presence of air bubble in blood stream is
__________ . dangerous to life because
A. Cytochrome B. Chlorophyll A. Air combines with blood forming a complex
C. Hemocyanin D. Haemoglobin B. The flow of blood increases manifold
Ans. D. C. The flow of blood is obstructed
12. Which one of the following events in a botanical D. The pressure of blood increases manifold
garden is never directly influenced by light? Ans. C.
A. Flowering B. Photosynthesis 22. The study of relation of animals and plants to their
C. Transpiration D. Fertilization surroundings is called
Ans. D. A. Ecology B. Ethology
13. Which of the following is usually not an C. Genealogy D. Iconology
airpollutant? Ans. A.
A. Hydrocarbons B. Sulphur dioxide 23. Which of the following plays an important role in
C. Carbon dioxide D. Nitrous oxide photosynthesis?
Ans. D. A. Chloroplast B. Centrosome
14. Which of the following is the treatment of water C. Tonoplast D. Nematoblast
pollution? Ans. A.
A. Bag house filter 24. The xylem in plants are responsible for:
B. Windrow composting A. transport of water
C. Venturi scrubber B. transport of food
D. Reverse Osmosis C. transport of amino acids
Ans. D. D. transport of oxygen
15. Which cells in pancreas produce Insulin ? Ans. A.
A. Thymus B. Estrogen 25. Project 'Sankalp' started for the purpose
C. Corpus epididymis D. Islets of Langerhans ____________
Ans. D. A. To eradicate illiteracy
16. The waste management technique that involves B. To eradicate Polio
the use of micro-organisms to remove or C. To eliminate AIDS/HIV
neutralize pollutants from contaminated site is D. To eliminate unemployment
called Ans. C.
A. Bio sensor B. Bio magnification 26. Which of the following bacterium causes crown
C. Bio remediation D. Bio concentration gall disease in plants?
Ans. C. A. Bacillus thurigiensis
17. The source of energy that causes the least global B. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
warming is C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
A. coal B. Geothermal energy D. None of these
C. Natural Gas D. Petroleum Ans. B.
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27. Eustachian Tube is located in which part of human 38. Bacterial decomposition of biological material
body? under anaerobic condition is
A. Nose B. Ear A. fermentation B. fertilization
C. Eyes D. Throat C. contamination D. composting
Ans. B. Ans. A.
28. Which part of the brain plays an important role in 39. The elements known as primary nutrients for
motor control? plants
A. Cerebellum B. Cerebrum A. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium
C. Medulla D. Pons B. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Silicon
Ans. A. C. Potassium, Boron and Nitrogen
29. Meibomian glands are located in D. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Iron
A. Eye B. Ear Ans. A.
C. Nose D. Skin 40. A genetically engineered form of brinjal known as
Ans. A. the BT-brinjal has been developed. The objective
of this is
30. Which of the following vitamins are water soluble? A. to make it pest resistant
A. Vit. A & Vit. B B. Vit. B & Vit. C B. to improve its taste and nutritive value
C. Vit. C & Vit. D D. Vit. A & Vit. K
C. to make it drought resistant
Ans. B.
D. to make its shelf-life longer
31. Sphygmomanometer measures the blood
pressure in the Ans. A.
A. Veins B. Arteries 41. Blood group was discovered by
C. Eyes D. Synovial A. Alexander Fleming
Ans. B. B. William Harvey
32. The reverse effect of X-ray emission is C. Landsteiner
A. Raman effect
D. Paulov
B. Compton effect
Ans. C.
C. Zeeman effect
D. Photo-electric effect 42. Decoding and interpretation of visual information
Ans. D. in brain is associated with
33. The connective tissue that connects a muscle to a A. Frontal lobe B. Occipital lobe
bone is C. Temporal lobe D. Parietal lobe
A. Cartilage B. Ligament Ans. C.
C. Tendon D. Interstitial fluid 43. _______ is a byproduct of sewage treatment and
Ans. C. can be decomposed to produce bio-gas
34. Goitre is caused by the deficiency of ____ A. Sewage B. Sludge
A. Zinc B. Calcium
C. Sewer D. Scum
C. Iodine D. Chlorine
Ans. B.
Ans. C.
35. Which organ gets affected in Weil's disease? 44. The food in Onion is stored in the form of _______
A. Liver B. Lung A. Cellulose B. Protein
C. Heart D. Kidney C. Starch D. Sugar
Ans. D. Ans. A.
36. What does the term 'Ebola' stand for? 45. Motor cortex are associated with which part of the
A. A viral disease outbreak in West Africa brain?
B. A viral disease outbreak in Bangladesh A. Frontal lobe B. Parietal Lobe
C. A city in Syria destroyed by ISIS.
C. Temporal lobe D. Occipital Lobe
D. None of the these
Ans. A.
Ans. A.
37. The virus of AIDS affects the growth of ________ 46. Which enzyme is present in all members of the
A. Haemoglobin animal kingdom except Protozoa?
B. RBCs in blood A. Insulin B. Pepsin
C. T cells in blood C. Renin D. Amylase
D. Grey cells in brain Ans. D.
Ans. C.
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47. The most serious air pollutant causing health D. It inhibits glycolysis
hazard is Ans. A.
A. Sulphur dioxide B. Carbon monoxide 57. Silk worms feed on
C. Ozone D. Nitrogen oxide A. Basil leaves
Ans. A. B. Curry leaves
48. Companion cells are unique to C. Rose leaves
A. Bryophytes B. Pteridophytes D. Mulberry leaves
C. Angiosperms D. Gymnosperms Ans. D.
Ans. C. 58. The sexual reproductive organs of aspergillus are:
49. Lacrimal glands are situated in the A. Spermatium and Oogonium
A. Palms B. Buccal cavity B. Antheridium and Oogonium
C. Eye orbit D. Stomach C. Spermatium and Ascogonium
Ans. C. D. Antheridium and Ascogonium
Ans. D.
50. Depletion of ozone layer causes
A. Breast cancer B. Skin cancer 59. Ornithophily is effected by
C. Lung cancer D. Blood cancer A. snails B. bats
Ans. B. C. insects D. birds
51. Majority of the fungal bionts of lichens belong to Ans. D.
A. Baridiomycetes B. Ascomycetes 60. Science dealing with study of soil is called
C. Gomycetes D. Deuteromycetes A. Pedology B. Pedagogy
Ans. B. C. Ecology D. Pomology
52. Which of the following has open vascular system? Ans. A.
A. Cockroach B. Human 61. If waste materials contaminate the source of
C. Rat D. Birds drinking water, which of the following diseases will
Ans. A. spread?
53. The human faeces is yellow in colour due to the A. Scurvy B. Typhoid
presence of a pigment called C. Malaria D. Anaemia
A. Pepsin B. Renin Ans. B.
C. Amylase D. Urobilin 62. Pneumonia is a bacterial disease caused by the
Ans. D. type of bacteria called _____________
54. What is contained in Chlorophyll? A. Bacilli B. Cocci
A. sodium B. potassium C. Sprilli D. Vibrio
C. manganese D. magnesium Ans. B.
Ans. D. 63. Which mosquito is the carrier of Zika virus?
55. Epigraphy is the study of which of the following? A. Culex B. Aedes
A. Coins B. Inscriptions C. Anopheles D. Culiseta
C. Temples D. Birds Ans. B.
Ans. B. 64. Root cap is derived from
56. Why is Carbon Monoxide a pollutant? A. Dermatogen B. Calyptrogen
A. Reacts with haemoglobin C. Protoderm D. Histogen
B. Makes nervous system inactive Ans. B.
C. It reacts with Oxygen
***
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