Early Childhood Experiences in

Language Arts Early Literacy 11th

Edition Machado Test Bank
Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/early-childhood-experiences-in-language-arts-early-literacy-11th-edition-macha
do-test-bank/
True / False

1. Discussions after book-sharing experiences are not recommended.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

2. Book-reading times develop familiarity with literate forms.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

3. Grammatical forms in written language differ from oral language.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

4. Fiction is narrative that is primarily factual.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

5. Reading ability was thought to be unnecessary for farmers in early America.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

6. The establishment of book awards in the 1920s may have led to better and more available literature for young children.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

7. Publishing companies are producing more multicultural literature today than they did 20 years ago.
a. True
b. False
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

8. In large group story-reading times, it is harder to maintain group attention.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

9. Big books that are oversized usually hold children’s attention.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

10. One technique suggested in the text to elicit children’s ideas about what might happen in a book is to look at and
discuss the book’s cover.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

11. An important aspect of sharing books with children is the children’s response to the literature.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

12. A child may symbolize some aspect of a book that has been read to him.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

13. Children selecting books in the classroom library area will usually select familiar books over unfamiliar ones.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2

14. Preschool classroom library areas need to be subdued rather than visually designed to capture curiosity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

15. Picture books about people with special needs are omitted from preschool classrooms because they add to children’s
fears.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

16. Nonfiction books are disliked by preschoolers.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

17. Alphabet books may be interesting to preschoolers because most have learned the “Alphabet Song.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

18. Books are best used as substitutes for children’s real-life experiences.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

19. Preschoolers tell adults they can read books. This is called “imitative reading,” and adults should gently tell a child
that he is pretending.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

20. It is a good idea to show children how to handle and care for books.
a. True
b. False
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

21. There is agreement among experts and educators about whether some classic folktales are appropriate.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

22. Most picture books are very similar.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

23. Quality picture books are easy to find, so searching for them is unnecessary.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

24. Predictable picture books are boring to bright children.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

25. A book authored by one child in the classroom does not interest other children.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

26. Children from some poor and low-income families are more dependent on school experiences to promote their reading
ability and literacy growth.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4

27. Although teachers know the benefits of reading aloud to children in preschools, researchers have found that many
enrolled children are read to for less than 1 hour per week at school.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

28. Once a young child experiences a book with electronic features, he will prefer electronic books to cozy read-alouds by
teachers.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

29. In selecting books for a preschool class on a limited budget, teachers should give priority to books that broaden the
children’s interests rather than to books about familiar things or familiar settings.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

30. It is probably a poor idea to offer many books that concentrate on moral dilemmas because children are already always
told what to do in their lives.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

31. Picture books without a story and that present only facts are inappropriate for young children.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

32. In a group of four children versus a group of eight children being read to, the children in the largest group will
probably gain the most because more children will share their ideas.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

33. Reading aloud to children has many of the same benefits that talking to children does.
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 5
 a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

34. Some preschools categorize the books in their classroom libraries and put all animal books together.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

35. Teachers should go to the classroom library area frequently.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

36. The Cat in the Hat, Theodore Geisel (Dr. Seuss) intentionally used words from a primary teacher’s word list.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

37. Some nonfiction books for children may contain the author’s opinion rather than accepted fact.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

38. It is a good idea to inform preschoolers that fictional books are fantasy or make believe while nonfiction ones are
factual and true.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

39. If a teacher points out or makes comments about the printed words in a book while sharing it, the child will probably
ask more questions and make more comments about print too.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

40. A little over 75 percent of families read to their 3-5 year olds daily.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

41. Each child makes his own meaning from read-alouds.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

42. 2 and 3 year olds are more concerned with the characters they encounter in books than 4 year olds.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

43. Nonfiction books are usually factual.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

44. Historically, early books for young children tended to instruct them on how to act.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

45. Words are much more important than illustrations when choosing books for preschoolers.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

46. Onomatopoeia found in picture books adds to the fun.

a. True
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7
 b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

47. There are fewer picture books in print today than previously.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

48. Nonfiction books usually have fewer opportunities for active child participation.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

49. Wearing a pair of lens-less horn rimmed glasses while reading a book creates novelty.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

50. Enlarging book illustrations for a read-aloud might capture child attention.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

51. Children ask more questions about illustrations than the stories in picture books.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

52. Colored illustrations in picture books didn’t appear in large numbers and low costs until the 1920s and 30s.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8
53. Most young children focus on the illustrations in a picture book instead of other features.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

54. If a child doesn’t like the teacher or trust her, he probably doesn’t like the experience of being at her read-aloud.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

55. Clapping the syllables in words helps the children hear them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

56. Applying a teacher technique called ‘targeting’ before reading a book aloud involves promoting vocabulary
development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

Multiple Choice

57. After book-reading times, discussions may

a. promote vocabulary understanding.
b. promote analysis of the story.
c. promote analysis of word usage.
d. all of these answers.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

58. Prestigious American children’s picture book awards most often are connected to which of the following associations?
a. PTA
b. AMA
c. ALA
d. CTA
ANSWER: c
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

59. Early childhood teachers find reading a picture book to a large preschool group means
a. more behavior control statements will be necessary.
b. more behavior control statements will be necessary.
c. it will probably be harder to hold group attention.
d. all of these answers.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

60. Asking a number of questions such as “What was the cat’s name?” in a book-reading time discussion
a. helps children learn to formulate ideas.
b. is discouraged in the text.
c. is more difficult than asking open-ended teacher questions.
d. is recommended and promotes child verbalization.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

61. Big, oversized books are popular with preschool teachers because they
a. have large, colorful illustrations.
b. have large-sized print.
c. are easy to see.
d. all of these answers.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

62. A child who makes a big clay dog after hearing the picture book Clifford the Big Red Dog
a. may be symbolizing the experience.
b. is trying to cope with the experience.
c. may be afraid of dogs and is working out his fear.
d. is looking for attention.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

63. A picture book dealing with how plants change sunlight into food is
a. fiction.
b. nonfiction.
c. predictable.
d. a novelty book.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 2
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 10
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

64. Early American literature (1700s) for young children was

a. artfully decorated.
b. often full of moral and spiritual themes.
c. mainly adventure stories full of violence.
d. simple poems and songs.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

65. Picture books dealing with the reality of young children’s lives were published in quantity in
a. early America.
b. during the Civil War period.
c. from 1900 to 1935.
d. from 1970 to 2000.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

66. Books with talking animals

a. confuse children.
b. may confuse children if they cannot identify with the animals’ message.
c. may confuse children if teachers do not point out that animals really cannot talk.
d. none of these answers.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

67. The text recommends that teachers

a. screen all books selected for school purchase.
b. form a community committee to select a program’s books.
c. select books for children’s special interests.
d. both screen all books selected for school purchase and select books for children’s special interests.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

68. In arranging a setting for reading a book to a group of children, one should
a. plan for illustrations to be at children’s eye level.
b. avoid highly trafficked areas.
c. think about lighting.
d. all of these answers.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11
69. When children want a picture book reread immediately after it has just been read, the teacher should
a. be pleased and do it if possible.
b. be pleased and say, “Another time OK?”
c. worry about child capacity to sit through another reading.
d. both be pleased and do it if possible and worry about child capacity to sit through another reading.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

70. Dramatizing a picture book

a. requires props.
b. may be aided by props and costumes.
c. enhances children’s ability to remember story details.
d. both may be aided by props and costumes and enhances children’s ability to remember story details.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

71. When children make their own books and illustrations,

a. their diction should be edited.
b. the activity is fun rather than educational.
c. they learn to read the text.
d. none of these answers.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

72. A collection of picture books that may help children with life problems, pain, and strong emotions is called a
a. nonfiction book list.
b. counseling collection.
c. bibliotherapy collection.
d. psychotherapy book list.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

73. To build child involvement and participation during a book-reading time, the teacher could invite children to
a. speak a character’s dialogue with her.
b. clap word syllables.
c. discuss illustrations a few times.
d. all the above
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

74. To increase use of the classroom book center, the teacher should

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 12

 a. plan for times when he will be there.
b. assign children to times when they will play there.
c. ask children to show him their favorite books.
d. praise children who spend time there.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

75. Picture books once read to children can be turned into

a. dramatization opportunities.
b. flannel board sets.
c. the basis for a theme instruction topic if great interest exists.
d. all of these answers.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

76. If teachers are successful in making books attractive and rewarding to preschool children during read alouds, the
children will probably
a. always choose books over playtime.
b. lose their focus at reading times.
c. visit the classroom library.
d. none of the above
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

77. When a teacher says, “Charlette, you have a pet,” at story time, he is probably trying to
a. get her attention.
b. relate the story to the children’s lives.
c. teach the word poodle.
d. just be friendly.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

78. Children in preschool can learn about

a. story beginnings and endings.
b. when commas are used.
c. about title pages in books.
d. both story beginnings and endings and about title pages in books.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

79. In speaking about fiction and nonfiction books to preschoolers, it is prudent to describe them

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13

 a. as fantasy.
b. by saying one contains stories while the other usually does not.
c. as informational.
d. as make believe or true.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

80. Children from _____________ families are more dependent on school for their progress in literacy development.
a. low – income
b. middle income bilingual
c. higher income single parent
d. multiple children
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

81. During read-alouds children are exposed to

a. discourse rules.
b. forms of written language.
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

82. Multicultural books offer children opportunities to

a. respect differences.
b. recognize similarities.
c. value our shared humanity.
d. all of the above
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

83. Educators investigate whether the illustrations in a picture book

a. connect to the cover.
b. support the story.
c. are esthetic.
d. are numerous or limited.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

84. The genre of a book refers to

a. its illustrations.
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14
 b. its length.
c. whether it is fiction or nonfiction.
d. its category such as form or content.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

85. Rereading favorite stories is a

a. task teachers perform with enthusiasm.
b. growth producing activity for the teacher.
c. technique that isn’t recommended.
d. lesson that makes preschool boring.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 2
DIFFICULTY: Moderate

Numeric Response

86. Pair a word or phrase in Column A to one that best fits in Column B
A B
1, nonfiction 1. block print
2. Caldecott Medal 2. Granny the Airplane
3. format 3. overall character
4. book selection 4. an increasing problem
5. genre 5. large illustrations
6. illustrations 6. upper left corner
7. story 7. artist
8. big books 8. How lights work
9. fiction 9. accurate verifiable information
10. expository 10. book’s content
11. multicultural 11. selected vocabulary
12. stereotype 12. stated goals
13. paraphrase 13. heritage
14. directionality 14. mean rich kid
15. key words 15. skip words
ANSWER: 1A-8B, 2A-7B, 3A-3B. 4A-12B, 5A-10B, 6A-1B, 7A-4B, 8A-5B, 9A-2B, 10A-9B, 11A-13B, 12A-
14B, 13A-15B, 14A-6B, 15A-11B.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

Subjective Short Answer

87. Identify professional teacher interactive behaviors during and after book read-aloud activities.
ANSWER: Questioning, scaffolding, engaging in dialogue and response, offering positive reinforcement, restating
information, giving or extending information, sharing personal reactions, relating concepts to life
experiences, noting possible interest in similar books, monitoring child feedback, judging comfort and
alertness, monitoring own presentation style, building comprehension. Additional correct answers are
possible.
POINTS: 3

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 15

DIFFICULTY: Difficult

88. Children’s comments following a read-along with the teacher most likely will be about
ANSWER: the pictures or photos, their life experiences relating to the book, the meaning of the story or part of it.
They may comment or print alphabet letters or words (four-year-olds), but this may happen rarely. Child
comments about authors, illustrators, and the book’s title or format are unlikely.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

89. Name two well-known children’s picture book awards or medals.

ANSWER: Caldecott, Newbery, Coretta Scott King Awards, National Jewish Book Awards, Catholic Book Awards,
IRA Book Awards.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

90. What is meant by a book’s format?

ANSWER: Format involves the book’s overall general character, size, shape, paper, cover, pages, typesetting,
binding, and content on pages.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

91. What kind of multicultural/multi-ethnic books are sought by preschool teachers?

ANSWER: Ones with both literary quality and cultural consciousness, free of bias and stereotypes, and realistically
portrayed. They should depict and respect individuals of varying abilities in a wide range of occupations.
Drawings and photographs need to be authentic and reflect the variety found in any ethnic group.
Characters should include intelligent problem solvers, and character values should portray the diversity
that exists in any group of people.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

92. What suggestions do you think are the most important to impart to parents who ask for guidance in reading picture
books to their children?
ANSWER:
Read regularly from early in their lives.
Enjoy rather than heavily teach academics.
Be warm and accepting.
Watch for child restlessness and lack of interest.
Provide a non-corrective, no-fail environment, which makes learning easier
Accept the child’s attempts to read.
Pause and let the child supply a guess as to what comes next.
Invite child participation.
Reread books, especially favorites.
Borrow books you cannot afford to buy. Watch for yard sales.
Ask librarians for book title ideas.
Let children see you reading.
Other answers are possible.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

93. List some criteria for selecting quality nonfiction books for preschoolers.

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 16

ANSWER: Simple, straightforward vocabulary, specific terminology, clear and direct sentences, presentation of one
idea at a time, concrete data, presentation of relationships between ideas, clear topics, short paragraphs,
illustrations that illuminate, text that connects to illustrations, clarity, and bold titles and headings.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

94. In preschool, what basic understandings do children learn about the mechanics of how books are read?
ANSWER: Material is read from front to back, from top to bottom of a page, and from top left to right; one can read
pictures and print; words are groups of letters and there are spaces between them; they have authors and
illustrators; they include title pages; they are held a certain way; and pages are turned.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

95. How many ways might a child participate during a read-aloud? Name at least eight.
ANSWER: watch, listen, hear, touch something, feel something, sing-along, point, clap, perform a body movement,
act out a word or phrase, answer questions, ask questions, echo words, search for an alphabet letter, laugh,
pretend an action, count, identify people or objects in illustrations, turn pages, close book, open book, find
a page. Other answers are possible.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

96. List three instances for a child to spot an inconsistency by creating 3 teacher statements in which inconsistency is
obvious.
ANSWER: Examples “I put my boot on my head and walked in the mud.”
“The elevator went down to the attic.”
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

97. Describe how a teacher might build child comprehension when reading a book.
ANSWER: 1. Reading the book first to identify in depth comprehension possibilities.
2. Identifying key words and words needing definitions and other vocabulary.
3. Plan an introduction.
4. Identify teacher analytical comments and questions.
5. Plan “why” questions for after reading.
6. Model thinking aloud during the reading.
7. Make comments to promote child retelling or dramatizing.
8. Engage children in dialogue.
9. Discuss relationships and connections in the book to children’s lives.
10. Help children make sense of illustrations.
11. Promote child inference and conjectures.
12. Relate details and specifics to past experiences.
POINTS: 3
DIFFICULTY: Difficult

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 17