COLEGIO SAN JOSE DE ALAMINOS

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT

Alaminos city, Pangasinan

S.Y 2021- 2022

JOHN DANIEL MARFIL

Bsed English / 3rd year

Professional education 4

Mr. Elmer basuel

CHAPTER 7

STUDENTS WHO ARE GIFTED AND TALENTED

“ THIRTY YEARS OF FINACING GIFTEDNESS AND TALENT AMONG FILIPINO CHILDREN AND YOUTH”

- - Dr. Aurora H. Roldan president of the talented and gifted Philippines foundation Inc. ( TGP)
and a pillar in the education of gifted filipino children and youth recalled the first step of faith
in the filipino gifted that she took in dec, 1973 ( Sunday inquirer magazine feb,20 1994).

VIGNETTES ON CHILDREN AND YOUTH WHO ARE GIFTED AND TALENTED

- the following articles highlight the achievements of young filipino who show advanced cognitive
development, superior intellectual ability and talent in the arts.

MEET THE GIFTED

- ( By Nathalie tomada, the Philippine star may 19, 2003) conversations have been this interesting. Emil
justin Cebrian talks about his admiration for the wisdom of confucius, his thoughts on the spread of the
sars epidemic, and his disapproval on the use of contraceptives just like any learned, opinionated adult.

• JON BRYAN SANTIAGO TIOSIN

- whose first words linen he was about four months old is Supercalifragilis

( go figure) has been ploughing through books at an age when others were just getting past thumb
sucking.
 • WHIZ KID

-by Edmund m. silvestre, the Philippine star July 27, 2003

• Omar parrenas Rizwan of east hanover, new jersey is a Microsoft certified professional ( MCP)
recognized and promoted by Microsoft as an expert with the technical skills needed to design.

• omar is a computer whiz kid, the youngest Microsoft certified professional, in the world,
presently he is taking a series of exams to become a Microsoft certified system engineer by the
time he turns 10 April 2004.

• Kiwi Alejandro camara, male history in Harvard law school.

- Aliw awards affirms karel’s exceptional gift by Nestor U. Torre, Philippines daily inquirer august 28,
2004.

- when to aliw foundation recently gave its best new female artist award to karel for “ magnifat”
friends were especially thrilled because they had practically seen the popular teen talent grow up In
front of their very eyes.

• PASSION FOR THEATER

- In some of TV interview, karel has said that her love for performing bloomed during those rehearsals
and performances during which she imbided the passion for theater that her mother pinky shared with
the musical is other original performers like andy bais, rito, jingle Buena, dulce and bodjie pascua

• CAREER BOOST

- but karel’s biggest career boost is came when she was chosen over many auditionees for the covered
slot of veejay. Despite all these success, karel continues to dream of being more than just walk on roles
in theatrical productions.

• GREAT PEOPLE OF THE 20th CENTURY GIFTED AND TALENTED

- in 1996, the editors of time, the weekly magazine, published a special edition that featured the
remarkable characters that influenced the forces and great events of the past one hundred years.

title “ the great people of the 20th century” the book presents the biographies and achievements
of the most memorable and unforgettable individuals.

• THE LEADERS ; the diplomats and dictators who have shaped the destiny of nation

• American presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, franklin Delano Roosevelt, harvy’s
S. Trauman, john F. kennedy, lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon;

• Russian Marxist Vladimir I. lenin and joseph Stalin,

• Russian president Mikhail gorbachev,

• Chinest communist leader mao zedong,

• German chanceller adolf Hitler

 • British prime minister Winston Churchill

French president Charles de gaulle

• THE ACTIVISTS; the men and women who fought for change from outside the traditional halls of
power.

• Indian peace advocate Mohandas Gandhi,

• South African president nelson mandela

• Israel president David ben-guvion,

• ayatollah Khomeini of iran,

• German doctor albert schweitizer

• The dalai lama of Tibet

• Yugoslavian mother Teresa

• American educator john dewey

• Italian educator maria Montessori

• American Margaret sanger

American preacher billy graham

• Pope john 23, Pope ll

• Polish president lech valesa and

• Philippine president Corazon C. Aquino

• THE PIONEERS – the men and women who have bared to explore new fields and breakdown
barriers.

• American pilot Charles linderbergh who pioneered the first solo flight across the Atlantic ocean

• American pilot amelia earhast, the first woman to fly the Atlantic solo

• American pilot Wilbur and orville wright

• French Jacques costean who explored the depth of the ocean

• Mountains climbers Edmund Hillary and tensing norkey

• American environmentalist Rachel carson

• Viennese father of psycholoanalysis Sigmund freud

• Swiss psychologist carl gustav sung

• French ,phoilosopher jean paul sarte

• American baseball player Jackie robinson

• THE INNOVATORS – the gifted few whose visions have changed our lives

• American henry ford, founder of ford motor corp.

• American pilot, Eddie Rickenbacker

• American newspaper publisher, William Randolph hearst

• America cartoon filmmaker walt Disney British economist

• American john maynard Keynes

• American Russian David Sarnoff, the father of mass media

• American tea turner, founder of cable news network or CNN

• American industrialists tom Watson Sr and Jr who introduced the international business
machines or IBM

• American computer genius and founder of Microsoft, hill gates

• THE SCIENTISTS – the searchers whose work has revolutionized human society in the span of
only 100 years.

• These are; german physicist

• Albert Einstein who revolutionized modern physics with his work on the atomic nature of
matter,

• Polish scientist marie curic who discovered radium, Scottish doctor alexander fleming who
discovered the antibiotic nature of pencillin,

• British francis crick and American james Watson who identified the double helix structure of the
deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.

• American Dr, Jonas E. Salk who discovered polio vaccine

• American chemist linus pauling for his workr on chemical bond

• British mathematician and theoretical physicist Stephen hawking, wheelchair bound due to a
debilitating disease that paralyzed him considered as the best known scientist in the world

• American astronomer Edwin hubble who proposed the theory of the expansion of the universe
• Kenyan born paleoanthropologists louis and many lead who discovered bone fragments of
apelike prehumans called homo habits.

• American anthropologists Margaret mead.

• THE CREATORS – the artists whose work has shaped and mirrored the century.

• Spanish visual artist and painter pablo Picasso considered as the century’s most significant artist
who created the cubist style of art.

• German architect mies van der phe

• American photographer Alfred Stieglitz

• American painter Georgia O’ keefe

• American novelist james joyce British novelist virgina woolf,

• Irish playright George Bernard shaw British stage and film actor Laurence Olivier

• Stage and film comedian Charlie chaplin

• Russian neoclassical choreographer George balandrine

• Russian composer Igo Stravinsky

• American jazz band leader louis armstrong

• American composer George gershuin

• American work and roll legend elvis Presley

• British pop star’s band called “ the beatles “ composed of bassist paul McCarthey lead guitarist
George rhythm guitarist john lennon, and drummer ringo star.

• “ THE CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF GIFTEDNESS AND TALENT “

• - The prominent men and women from different countries all over the world who have
carved a name for themselves in their rejective fields of endeavor. They possess the central
elements of giftedness and talent, namely, intelligence, or high intellectual ability, creativity,
talent and task commitment.

• Dr. jose rizal, who is one among the few geniuses of rehown in the world. Not far behind are
the other exceptional filipino heroes whose intelligence and creative talents showed in the roles
they played in the attainment of our freedom from the foreign conquerors.
 “ HUMAN INTELLIGENCE “

• The nature of the human intellect has fascinated-scholars and become the subject of debates,
studies and propositions as early as during the time of the Greek philosophers plato and
Aristotle.

• The study of intelligence gained popularity and greatly influenced by the works of Wilhelm
wundt, james Mckeen cattell, G.S, hall and Hermann Ebbinghaus.

• The prominent psychologists of the 20th century were Edward L. thorndike, Alfred binet,
pearson, charles spearman, goddard, stern, theodore simon,Yerkes, lewis terman,
Hollingworth, goodenough, vigotsky, and jean piaget.

• The prominent theorists were burst, Thurstone, P. Cattell, Wechsler, guillford, Vernon, hunt,
anna anatase, thorndike, inhelder, taylor and Eysenck.

• In the present movement include R, cattell (1905-1998) carroll (1916-), Jensen (1923-) kamin
(1924-), renzulli (1936-), gardner (1943-) and sternberge (1949-)

“ THEORIES AND DEFINITIIONS OF INTELLIGENCE “

1. THE BINET SIMON SCALE (1890’s)

- the modern approach to understand the concept of intelligence began with the work of
Alfred binet, a French pscychologists (1857-1911) and his collague, theodore simon (1873-
1961). Binet was hired by the paris school system to develop tests that would identify children
who were not learning and would not benefit from further education.

2. SPEARMAN’s TWO FACTOR THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE (1904)

- Charles spearman, a british psychologists (1863-1945), advanced the two factor theory of
intelligence “g” and “s”. Thus, the performance of any intellectual act requires some
combination of “g” or general factors which is available to the same individual to the same
degree for all intellectual acts and of “s” or specific factors which are specific to that act and
which varies in strength from one act to another.

3. TERMAN’s STANFORD BINET INDIVIDUAL INTELLIGENCE TEST (1906)

- lewis Madison terman, an American cognitive psychologists (1877-1956), published a

revised and perfected binet simon scale for American populations in 1906 while he was at
Stanford university.

4. THORNDIKE’s STIMULUS RESPONSE THEORY (1920’s)

- Edward L. thorndike, an American psychologist (1874-1949), and his students used

objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903.
5. L.L THURSTONE’s MULTIPLE FACTORS THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE (1938)

- louis L. Thurstone was an American psychometrican (1887-1955) who studied intelligence

tests and tests of perception through factor analysis. Theory of intelligence identified seven
primary mental abilities as verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial
visualization, associate memory, perpetual speed, and reasoning. He developed the tests of
primary mental abilities in 1938.

6. CATTELLI’s THEORY ON FLUID AND CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

- Raymond B. cattelli, a british American psychologist (1905-1998) theorized that there are
two types of intelligence.

• FLUID INTELLIGENCE

- is essentially non verbal and relatively culture free. Involves adaptive and new learning
capabilities, related to mental operations and processes on capacity, decay, selection, and
storage of information.

• CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

- develops through the exercise of fluid intelligence. It is the product of the acquisition of
knowledge and skills that are strongly dependent upon exposure to culture.

7. GUILFORD’s THEORY ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTELLECT (1967)

- J.P Guilford, an American psychologist, advanced a general theory of human intelligence

who major application or use is for educational research , personnel selection and placement,
education of gifted and talented children.

“ THE FOUR TYPES OF CONTENTS ARE”;

1. Figural or the properties of stimuli experienced through the senses visual auditory, offactory,
gustatory and kinesthetic.

2. Symbolic or letters, numbers, symbols, designs.

3. Semantic or words, ideas, and

4. Behavioral or actions and expressions of thoughts and ideas.

“ THE FIVE KINDS OF OPERATIONS ARE”;

1. Cognition or ability to gain, recognize, and discover knowledge.

2. Memory or the ability to retain, store, retrieve and recall the contents of thoughts.

3. Divergent productions or the ability to product a society of ideas or solutions to a problem.

 4. Convergent production or the ability product a single best solution to a problem; and

5. Evaluation or the ability to render judgement and decide, whether the intellectual contents are
correct or wrong good or bad.

“ THE 6 KINDS OF PRODUCT ARE”;

1. UNITS – come in single, number. Letter or words.

2. CLASSES – or a higher order concept, ex. Men and women people.

3. RELATIONS – connections between and among classes and concepts.

4. SYSTEMS – process of ordering or classification of relations

5. TRANSFORMATION – process of altering or restructuring of intellectual content; and

6. IMPLICATION – process making inferences from separate pieces of information.

8. 8.STERNBERG’s TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE (1982)

- Robert Sternberg of yale university theorized that intelligence is fixed capacity of a person. Hence,
with a higher intellectual capabilities, as in the case with children and youth who are gifted and talented,
almost every fast be achieved at the higher level performance.

the triarchic theory of intelligence seeks to explain in an integrative way the relationship between.

1. Intelligence and the internal world of the individual or the mental mechanisms that underlie
intelligent behavior.

2. Intelligence and external world of the individual or the use of these mental mechanisms in
everyday life in order to attain an intelligent fit to the environment; and

3. Intelligence and experience, or the mediating role of one’s passage through life between the
internal and external world’s of the individual.

Sternberg call his theory triarchic because intelligence has three main parts of dimensions. Contextual,
expiremental, and componential.

• CONTEXTUAL INTELLIGENCE – emphasizes intelligence in its socio cultural contexts. Thus,

intelligence for a children.

• EXPIREMENTAL INTELLIGENCE – emphasizes insight and the ability to formulate new ideas and
combine seemingly unrelated fact or transformation.

• COMPONENTIAL INTELLIGENCE – emphasizes the effective of information pursuing, Sternberg’s

defines component as the underlying cognitive mechanisms that carry out the adaptive
behaviorist novel situations.
 ‘’ THERE ARE 2 KINDS OF COMPONENTS “

• PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS – are used the actual execution of the tasks.

• METACOMPONENTS – are the higher order executive processes used in planning, monitoring
and evaluating

“ STERNBERG HAS IDENTIFIED 6 SIGNIFICANT METCACOMPONENTS”

1. recognition of what has to be done; understanding the task at hand.

2. selecting performance components and encoding important features of a task.

3. Selecting an appropriate mental representation visually or verbally.

4. Organizing performance components by formulating plans for organizing and sequencing the steps or
procedures in the processes.

5. Deciding now to allocate attention and resources; and

6. Monitoring one’s performance.

9. GARDNER’s THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES (1983)

- Howard Gardner is a psychologist and professor at Harvard university graduate school of education
and director of project zero. Based on his studies of many people from different walks of life in everyday
circumstances and professionals, he developed his breakthrough theory of multiple intelligences or MI.

“ THE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES “

- the MI theory advances that in teaching anything, a parent or teacher can draw on a child’s many
intelligences which are linguistic, logical –mathematical, bodily kinesthetic, spatial, musical,
interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist.

1. LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE – is a ability to use language to excite, please, convince, stimulate, or

convey information.

2. LOGICAL – MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCE – is a ability to explore patterns, categories and

relationships by manipulating objects or symbols to experiment in controlled, orderly ways.

3. 3. BODILY KINESTHETIC – refers to the ability to use fine and gross motor skills in sports, the
performing arts, or arts and crafts production.

4. 4. SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE – is the ability to perceive and mentally manipulate a form or object,
perceive and create tension, balance and composition in a visual or spatial display.

5. 5. MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE - is the ability to enjoy, perform or compose a musical piece.

 6. 6. INTRAPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE – is the ability to understand and get along with others.

7. 7. INTERPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE – ability to gain access to understand one’s inner feelings,

dreams, and ideas.

8. 8. NATURALISTIC INTELLIGENCE – is the most recent addition to the original list of seven
multiple intelligences. It refers to the person’s ability to identify and classify patterns in nature.

“ DEFINITIONS OF GIFTEDNESS AND TALENT”

OLD CONCEPTS EMERGING PARAGIDM

 GIFTEDNESS IS HIGH IQ  MANY TYPES OF GIFTEDNESS

 TRAIT – BASED  QUALITIES – BASED
 SUBGROUP ELITISM  INDIVIDUAL EXCELLENCE
 INNATE “ IN THERE”  BASED ON CONTEXT
 TEST DRIVEN  ACHIEVEMENT DRIVEN “ WHAT YOU
 AUTHORITARIAN “ YOU ARE OR ARE DO” - IS GIFTED
NOT GIFTED.  COLLABORATIVE, DETERMINED BY
 SCHOOL – ORIENTED CONSULLTATION.
 ETHNOCENTRIC  FIELD AND DOMAIN ORIENTED
 DIVERSE

FEDERAL OR AMERICAN GOVERNMENT’s DEFINITIONS

- The first federal definition of the gifted and talented was contained in the 1972.
Marland report. Gifted and talented children are capable of high performance and
demonstrate potential ability in any of the following six areas.
General intellectual ability
Specific academic aptitude
Creative or productive thinking
Leadership ability
Ability in the visual or performing arts
Psychomotor ability.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GIFTED AND TALENTED CHILDREN AND YOUTH”

- the previous discussions clearly indicate that giftedness and talent are a complex condition that
covers wide range of human abilities and traits that is why it must be clearly understood that giftedness
and talent very according to social contexts.
 • Intense intellectual curiosity

• Fascination with words and ideas

• Perfectionism

• Need for precision

• Learning in great intuitive leaps

• Intense need for mental stimulation

• Difficulty comforming to the thinking of others

• Early moral and existential concern

• Tendency toward introversion.

there are times when the characteristics of gifted and talented persons are misinterpreted as bordering
on abnormal behavior, aggressiveness, antisocial behavior and be like.

- SHAKLEE (1989, cited in heward, 2003), listen the identifiers of young gifted and talented children as
follows.

exceptional learner in the acquistion and retention of knowledge;

a) exceptional memory

b) Learn’s quickly and easily

c) Advances understanding / meaning of area.

- Exceptional user of knowledge in the application and comprehension of knowledge;

a) exceptional use of knowledge

b) Advanced use of symbol systems – expressive and complex

c) Demands a reason for unexplained events

d) Reasons well in problem solving draws from previous knowledge and transfers It to others areas.

- Exceptional generator of knowledge individual and creative attributes.

a) Highly creative behaviors in areas of interest and talent.

b) Does not conform to typical ways of thinking, perceiving

c) Enjoy self expression of ideas, feelings or beliefs

d) Keen sense of humor that reflects advanced, unusual comprehension of relationships and
meaning.

e) Highly developed curiosity about cause, future, the unknown.

- Exceptional motivation individual attributes;

a) Perfectionism – string to achieve high standards, especially in areas of talent and interest

b) Shows initiative, self directed

c) High level of inquiry and reflection

d) d. Long attention span when motivated

e) e. Leadership desire and ability to lead

f) f. Intense desire know

“ CREATIVITY AS THE HIGHEST EXPRESSION OF GIFTEDNESS “

- Creative ability is considered as central to the definition of giftedness clark (1986) refers to
creativity as the highest expression of giftedness.

• FLUENCY – the creative person is capable of producing many ideas per unit of time.

• FLEXIBILITY –wide variety of ideas, unusual ideas, and alternative solutions are offered.

• NOVELTY / ORIGINALITY - low probability unique words, and responses are used.

• ELABORATION – the ability to provide details is evidenced.

• SYNTHESIZING ABILITY - the person has the ability to put unlikely ideas together.

• ANALYZING ABILITY – the person has the ability to organize ideas into larger, inclusive patterns.

• ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE OR REDEFINE EXXISTING IDEAS – The ability to transform an existing

object into one of different design, functions, or use is evident.

• COMPLEXITY - ability to manipulate many interrelated ideas at the same time is shown.

- ASSESSMENT OF GIFTED AND TALENTED CHILDREN

- similar to the screening and location and identification and assessment of exceptional
children.

1. PRE – REFERRAL INTERVENTION

- exceptional children are identified as early as possible.

2. MULTIFACTORED EVALUATION

- information are gathered from a variety of sources using the ff. materials.

• Group and individual intelligence tests

• Performance in the school based achievements tests

• Permanent records, performance in previous grade awards receive

• Portfolios of student work

  Parents peer self nomination

“ DIFFERENTIATED CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS”

- the skills in the basic elementary curriculum of the department of education are intended for
average learners and lack of the competencies that match the learning characteristics of high ability
students. A differentiated curriculum that is modified depth and pace is used in special education
programs for gifted and talented student.

• CURRICULUM COMPACTING – is the method of modifying the regular curriculum for certain
grade levels by compressing the content and skills that high ability students are capable of
learning in a shorter period of time.

• ENRICHMENT – of the regular curriculum allows he students to study the content at a greater
depth both in the horizontal and vertical directions employing higher order thinking skills.

• HORIZONTAL ENRICHMENT – adds more content and increases the learning areas not found in
the regular curriculum for the grade level. For ex. Mathematics subject like algebra or geometry
that are party included in the regular curriculum or advanced subject like trigonometry, and
calculus may be included in the differentiated curriculum.

• VERTICAL ENRICHMENT - allows the students to engage in independent study experimentation

and investigation of topics that interested them.

• SELF – CONTAINED CLASS - high ability students are enrolled in a special class that is taught by
a trained special education teacher.