dfgj–jGohGt'

åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{

;fdfu|Lx? @)&$

xl/of] jg sfo{qmd
 dfgj aGohGt'
åGå Joj:yfkg
;Dbe{ ;fdu|Lx? @)&$

dfgj–jGohGt'
åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{
;fdfu|Lx? @)&$

xl/of] jg sfo{qmd
© 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn @)&$
o; k':tssf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs efusf] k'g?Tkfbg ul/Pdf zLif{s pNn]v ul/g'kg]{ 5
/ dfly pNn]lvt k|sfzsnfO{ ;jf{lwsf/sf] >]o lbOg'kg]{ 5 .

k|sfzs M
8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn,
kf]:6 aS; g+ &^^)
afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}F, g]kfn
kmf]g M $$#$*@)
Od]n M hariyobanprogram@wwfnepal.org
j]a;fO6 M www.wwfnepal.org/hariyobanprogram

se/ t:jL/ M 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn, xl/of] jg sfo{qmd÷gljg a/fn

l8:Sn]d/ M of] k'l:tsf cd]l/sL hgtfåf/f cd]l/sL ljsf; lgof]u -o'P;P8_ sf]
dfWodaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf] pbf/ ;xof]uaf6 ;Dej ePsf] xf] . o;df pNn]lvt
ljifoj:t' n]vssf] lhDd]jf/L xf] / o;n] o'P;P8 tyf cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff
k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
ljifo;"rL
!= xl/of] jg sfo{qmd bf];|f] r/0fsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f %
@= dfgj–jGohGt' åGå / Iflt Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? !#
#= s]lx lx|+;s jGohGt'x? tyf ltgaf6 aRg] pkfo @!
$= jGohGt'af6 ePsf] Ifltsf] /fxt ljj/0f tyf /fxt ljt/0fsf If]qx? #%
%= dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&! $#
^= jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt ;xof]u sfo{lalw @)&@
-;]tL ;a a]l;g :t/df_ $(
&= Dffgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&# %%

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L u3

xl/of] jg sfo{qmd
bf];|f] r/0fsf]
;+lIfKt ljj/0f

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 5

cjwL
!% h'nfO{ @)!^ b]lv !$ h'nfO{ @)@! -% jif{_

;+rfns ;+:yfx?
WWF (Lead), CARE, FECOFUN and NTNC

ah]6
! s/f]8 *) nfv 8n/
:dn u|fG6; k|f]u|fd (Small Grants Program) ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3
;+:yf;+u ;xsfo{sf] nflu – @% nfv 8n/
jGohGt' rf]/Llzsf/ tyf cj}w Jofkf/ /f]syfddf ;xof]u – !% nfv 8n/

sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;+:yfx?sf] tkm{jf6 M sl/a #) nfv 8n/ -gub / a:t'ut_

ah]6 ljlgof]hg
If]qut
y lrtjg cGgk"0f{ e"–kl/lw -*)%_
y t/fO{ e"–kl/lw -@)%_

sfo{qmdut
y h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f -&)%_
y hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng -#)%_

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 7

8 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L
sfo{If]q
tyf sfo{qmd

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 9

 lrtjg cGgk"0f{ e"–kl/lw
tLgj6f ;a a]l;g
!= ;]tL -sf:sL, :ofËhf, tgx'F, lrtjg_
@= d:of{ËbL -ndh'ª / dgfª_
#= b/f}+bL / a'9Lu08sL -uf]/vf_

t/fO{ e–"kl/lw
!= z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~h / a|Xdb]j h}ljs dfu{ -s~rgk'/ / 88]nw'/f_
@= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / s0f{fnL h}ljs dfu{ -alb{of / s}nfnL_
#= afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / sDbL h}ljs dfu{ -afFs] / bfª_

nIo
g]kfnsf] lrtjg cGgk"0f{ e"–kl/lw / t/fO{ e"–kl/lwsf] kl/l:yltlso / ;fd'bflos
;dfg's'ngdf a[l4 .

h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f

lrtjg cGgk"0f{ e'–kl/lw / t/fO{ e'–kl/lwsf] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/
ug]{ .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng

lrtjg cGgk"0f{ e"–kl/lw / t/fO{ e"–kl/lwdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .

cGt/;DalGwt sfo{qmdx?
y n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f
y k|fs[lts >f]t ;d'x ;'zf;g ;'lw|l9s/0f

kl/jt{gsf] l;4fGt
olb ;/f]sf/jfnfx? lhljsf]kfh{gsf pkfox?nfO{ ljljlws/0f ug{, n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs
;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{, k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;'zf;g k|aw{g ug{, h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fug{,
To;af6 nfe p7fpg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;+u cg's'lnt x'g ;Ifd ePdf nlIft e"–kl/lwsf
dfgj ;d'bfo / kl/l:yltlso k|0ffnLx? yk ;dfg's'lnt x'g]5g\ .

10 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

:dn u|fG6 k|f]u|fd (Small Grant Program)
h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;+s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f, lhljsf]kfh{g, n}+lus
;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f tyf z';f;g If]qdf gljgtd sfo{sf]nfuL .

;xof]u pknAw u/fO{g] If]qx?

!= cWoog, cg';Gwfg – -ljBfyL{ / ljZj ljBfno_ – ^%
@= ;/sf/L lgsfox? – $)%
#= u}/;/sf/L lgsfox? – $)%
$= k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tyf cGo cj;/x? – !$%

nlIft ;d"x / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?

y ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?
y dWojtL{ If]q / jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?
y ;+/If0f If]q Joj:yfkg ;dLltx?
y Rff]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f ;d"xx?
y ;fd'bflos l;sfO{ tyf sfo{ s]Gb|
y ;fem]bf/L jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?
y Hfn pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?
y Dflxnf ;d"xx?
y o'jf ;d"xx?
y jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno
y hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno
y ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno
y dlxnf, jfnjflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno
y Gofokflnsf
y x'nfs tyf eG;f/
y cd]l/sL ljsf; lgof]u -o'P;P8_ tyf cGo j}b]zLs ;xof]usf sfo{qmd / kl/of]hgfx?

sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k|lqmof

WWF, CARE
ljleGg /fli6«o / :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fusf] ;fem]bf/L
;/sf/L lgsfox?;Fu Special Grant Agreement dfkm{t .

FECOFUN, NTNC
;/sf/L lgsfox?;Fusf] ;dGjodf cfkm} sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

TAL, CHAL
e"–kl/lw / tf]lsPsf lhNnfx?df sfof{no / sd{rf/L /xg] .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 11

dfgj–jGohGt'
åGå / Iflt
Go"lgs/0fsf
pkfox?

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 13

cjwf/0ff
y h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f If]qdf g]kfnsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf
y b]zsf] s'n e"–efusf] $$ k|ltzt jg If]qdWo] @#=@# k|ltzt e"–efu ;+/lIft If]q
y jGohGt'sf] af;:yfgdf dfgljo rfk
y s]xL jGohGt'sf] ;+Vofdf pNn]vgLo a[l4
y dfgj–jGohGt' åGåsf sf/0f Psflt/ wghgsf] Iflt x'g] / csf]{lt/ jGohGt' k|ltx'g]
k|ltzf]w k"0f{ Jojxf/af6 jGohGt'nfO{ Iflt k'Ug] s[ofsnfk ;d]tx'Fb} cfPsf]
y jGohGt'sf] ;+Vofdf cfPsf] a[l4;+u} Psflt/ dfgj–jGohGt'aLrsf] åGå Joj:yfkg /
csf]{tkm{ jGohGt'sf] rf]/L lzsf/ tyf jGohGt'sf cËk|ToËsf] cj}wJofkf/ Pj+ ;d:ofu|:t
jGohGt'sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg h:tf ;d:of / r'gf}tL ylkPsf

kl/ro
dfgj–jGohGt' åGå
y Ps csf{sf cfjZostfx? kl/k"lt{ ug]{ qmddf dfgj / jGohGt'n] Ps cfk;df kfg]{ jf
kfg{ ;Sg] c;/ / xfgL gf]S;fgL
y dfgjLo ;Eotfsf] z'?jft;Fu} dfgj / jGohGt' aLr åGåsf] z'?
y hg;+Vof j[l4 dfgjLo cfjZostfx? a9\b} hfFbf åGå klg a9\b} uPsf]

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 15

 åGåsf c;/x?
y dfgjLo tyf cGo ef}lts ;DklQsf] Iflt
y :yfgLo hgtfdf ;+/If0f ;DalGw gsf/fTds wf/0ff ljsfz x'g]
y hgfj/ 3fO{t] tyf d[To' x'g]
y ljif, kf;f] tyf cGo ljlwaf6 k|ltzf]wfTds lsl;dn] dfl/g]

åGåsf k|sf/
b'O{ k|sf/sf
y dfgjn] jGohGh'nfO{ ug]{ xfgL gf]S;fgL -rf]/L lzsf/ / cj}w Jofkf/ afx]s_
y jGohGt'n] dfgj tyf dfgjLo >f]t ;fwgfdf ug]{ xfgL gf]S;fgL

If]qsf] lx;fan]
y lgs'~h÷cf/If tyf jgIf]q leq
y s[life"dL tyf 3/df -jgIf]q aflx/_

16 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

åGåsf sf/0fx?
y jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfg ljgfz÷vfg]s'/fsf] cefj
y jg cltqmd0f
y jGohGt'sf] cfkm\g} ;d:of -c:j:y, cIfd, ckfªu_
y jgIf]qdf dfgjLo rfk

xflg gf]S;fgLsf lsl;d

dfgjLo
y d[To'
y 3fOt]

3/ kfn'j kz'k+IfL
y d[To'
y 3fOt]

3/ tyf ;DklQdf Iflt

afnLgfnL
y cf+lzs Iflt
y k'0f{ Iflt

Iflt ug]{ k|d'v jGohGt'x?

;fsfxf/L df+zxf/L
y u}+8f y af3
y xfQL y efn'
y aFb]n y :ofn
y d[u y la/fnf tyf gL/la/fnfx?
y b'D;L y dn;fk|f]
y r/fx?
y d';f
y afFb/
y cflb===

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 17

 Iflt Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?
jGohGt'nfO{ /f]Sg
y ljB'tLo tf/af/ -Solar Powered Fence_
y sfF8] tf/af/ -Barbed Wire Fence_
y s'nf] vg]/ -Trench_
y hLljt af/ -Live Fence_

j}slNks s[lif k|0ffnL

y jGohGt'n] dggk/fpg]÷gvfg] afnLgfnL /f]k]/
y df5fkfng÷df}l/kfng, kmnkm"n nufPt a}slNks s[lif

;'/lIft vf]/sf] Joj:yf

y 3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] nflu

18 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

:yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] e"ldsf
y lx+|;s jGohGt'af6 aRg] pkfo, /fxtsf]ifsf] kl/rfng tyf ;f]af6 /sd k|flKtsf pkfo
nufot cGo ljifox?df Jofks hgr]tgfsf sfo{qmd ug]{ .
y dfgj–jGohGt' åGå ePsf :yfgx?df k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnL h8fg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
y Iflt Go"lgs/0f ug{ nufOPsf k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;+/If0f / dd{t ug]{ .
y jLdf -dfgj / 3/kfn'jf hgfj/_ sf nfuL k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
y /fxt k|flKtsf] nfuL ;xof]u ug]{ .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 19

s]lx lx+|;s
jGohGt'x? tyf
ltgaf6 aRg] pkfo

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 21

efn'
y t/fO{sf ;+/lIft If]qdf sf7] efn' dfq kfO{G5 . g]kfndf o;sf] ;+Vof olsg ePsf] 5}g
tfklg o;sf] ;+Vof 36\bf] l:yltdf 5 .
y g]kfndf lxdfnL v}/f] efn', lxdfnL sfnf] efn' / sf7] efn' u/L # k|hfltsf efn' kfO{G5g\ .

zfl//Ls agf]6 tyf :jefj

y efn'sf] z/L/ demf}nf vfnsf] tyf sfnf] / v;|f] /f}+n] 9fs]sf] x'G5 . o;sf] y't'gf] cuf8L
lg:s]sf] / ;]tf] x'G5 .
y cfFvf ;fgf] / sfgdf /f}+x? x'G5g . 5ftLdf V cfsf/sf] ;]tf] /f}+sf] kf6f x'G5 . cuf8Lsf]
t'ngfdf k5f8Lsf] v'6\6f 5f]6f] x'G5 . efn' cf};tdf ^% ;]=dL= b]lv *% ;]=dL= cUnf] /
!=$ b]lv !=& ld= ;Dd nfdf] x'G5 .
y jo:s efn]sf] tf}n !@& s]=hL= b]lv !$% s]=hL= ;Dd x'G5 . efn' w]/} rnfv hgfj/df
kb}{g . o;n] s'g a]nf s] u5{ cg'dfg ug{ sl7g x'g]ePsf]n] of] hgfj/ vt/gfs x'G5 .
y o;n] dflg;nfO{ e]6\of] eg] sf]kg]{ lryf]g]{ ub{5 . ;xjf;sf] ;do jf aRrf ;fydf ePsf]
a]nf afx]s of] hgfj/ h+undf PSn} e]l6G5 .

efn'n] cfqmd0f ug]{ cj:yf

y ;fgf] aRrf ;fydf ePsf] cj:yfdf .
y ;xjf;sf] ;dodf . o; a]nf Pp6f kf]yL;+u $–% j6f;Dd efn] e]l6g] ub{5g\ .
y vfgf -vf;u/L wld/f_ vfO{/x]sf] cj:yfdf xNnf u/]df .
y crfgs hDsfe]6 ePdf .
y lh:sfPdf jf xf]xNnf u/]df .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 23

 efn'n] cfqmd0f ug]{ tl/sf
y cfkm" c;'/lIft ePsf] dxz'; u/]kl5 k5f8Lsf] b'O{ v'§fn] pleP/ rf/}lt/ x]5{ / b'j} xft
dfly p7fpF5 . clg y's]sf] h:tf] u/L d'v k5f8L n'sfP/ km\jf+ km\jf+ ub}{ cgf}7f] cfjfh
lgsfn]/ dfG5]nfO{ emlD6b} cfqmd0f ub{5 .
y efn'n] ;f]em} cg'xf/df k~hfn] cfqmd0f ub{5 / lryf]g]{, sf]kg]{ / d'vn] 6f]Sg] klg ub{5 .
y ;fgf aRrfafx]s h'g;'s} pd]/sf] efn] kf]yL efn'n] klg dflg;nfO{ cfqmd0f ug{ ;Sg] eP
klg aRrf ePsf] kf]yL a9L cfqmfds x'g;S5 .

efn'sf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg] pkfo

y efn'n] k|fo cg'xf/df cfqmd0f ug]{ x'+bf ?dfn jf sk8fn] cg'xf/ 5f]Kg] .
y cfk'm;+u 5ftf 5 eg] p;lt/ kmsf{P/ 5ftf vf]Ng] / cfkm' 5]lsg] .
y cf]/fnf] 7fpF lt/ bu'g]{ . efn' cf]/fnf]df lx+8\bf nfdf /f}+n] cf+vf 5f]lkG5 / x]g{ cK7\of/f]
x'G5 . v;L, afv|f jf o:t} hgfj/sf] h:tf] cfjfh lgsfn]/ s/fpg] .
y cfqmd0f ug{ glhs} cfPsf] l:ytLdf Y cfsf/sf] sfk] nf}/f]n] efn'sf] 3f+6Ldf ;dfP/
ws]Ng] .
y n6\7L ahfg]{ jf efn'n] xft prfn]/ cfp+bf xftdf jf gfsdf hf]8n] lxsf{pg] . gfs clt
;+j]bglzn x'g] ePsf]n] o;df rf]6 nfUof] eg] efn' t'?Gt} efU5 .
y dl;gf] jf kftnf] ?vdf r9g], o:tf] ?vdfefn' ;lhn} r9g ;Sb}g .
y cfuf] afn]/ t;f{pg] .

24 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

lrt'jf
y g]kfndf Wjf+;] lrt'jf, lx+p lrt'jf / yf]Kn] lrt'jf u/L # k|sf/sf lrt'jf kfO{G5g\ .
of] g]kfnsf] k|fo ;j}h;f] If]qdf kfOG5 . ;fdfGotof ufpF3/df o;nfO{ af3 klg eGg]
ul/G5 . zl//e/L 5fnfdf kx]+nf] e'O{df sfnf] yf]Knfx? x'g] / la/fnf] kl/jf/ leq kg]{
lrt'jf x]bf{ cfsif{s / ;'Gb/ x'G5 . xfn b]zdf ;fd'bflos jgx?sf] ljsf;sf sf/0f
o;sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
y o;sf] uf]nf] 6fpsf], 5f]6f] gfs, nfdf] k'R5/, ltvf g+u|f x'g'sf ;fy} alnof bf+t x'G5g\ .
jo:s efn] lrt'jfsf] zl//sf] nDafO{ ;/b/ @=!% ld= / tf}n %@ s]=hL= ;Dd x'G5 eg]
kf]yL nueu @ ld= nfdf] / #( s]=hL= ;Dd tf}n ePsf] x'g;S5 .
y lrt'jfsf] uef{wf/0f cjlw *& b]lv ($ lbgsf] x'G5 / Psk6sdf @–# j6f aRrf hlGdg]
ub{5g\ . ;fdfGotof lrt'jf # aif{sf] pd]/df jo:s x'G5 / !% b]lv @) aif{;Dd afR5 .
af3 eGbf cfsf/df ;fgf] x'g] of] clt af7f] hgfj/ xf] . of] tLa| ultdf bf}l8g, kf}l8g,
?vdf r9\g / xfd kmfNg l;kfn' x'G5 .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 25

 lrt'jfn]] cfqmd0f ug]{ cj:yf
y ;fgf] aRrf ;fydf ePsf] cj:yfdf .
y a'9f] jf 3fOt] eO{ lzsf/ v]Ng c;Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf .
y lzsf/ vfO/x]sf] jf aRrfnfO{ v'jfO/x]sf] a]nfdf .
y crfgs hDsfe]6 ePdf / efUg] 7fpF jf df}sf gkfPdf .
y ?vdf cf/fd u/L/x]sf] a]nf tn k§L xNnf u/]df jf lh:sfPdf .
y h+undf vfgf jf cfxf/f sd ePdf .
y g/eIfL ePsf] cj:yfdf .
y af6f] la/fO{ ufpF a:tL k;]sf] cj:yfdf .

lrt'jfn]] cfqmd0f ug]{ tl/sf

y h+unsf] 5]p5fpdf a:g] x'Fbf of] hgfj/ ;fFem k/]kl5 s's'/, a+u'/, afv|f jf cGo 3/kfn'jf
dfg{ ufpF k:5 / o:tf] cj:yfdf ;fgf s]6fs]6L / 7'nf dflg;nfO{ ;d]t cfqmd0f ug{
;S5 .
y lrt'jf ?v r9\g] ePsf]n] g/eIfL ePsf] cj:yfdf of] ?vdf r9]/ a:5 / dfG5]nfO{
emlD6G5 . ;fy} ;fFem k/]kl5 efF8f dfem\g] 7fpF wf/f k+w]/fdf ;d]t s'/]/ a:5 . of] w'/Laf6
;d]t 3/ leq k:g] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
y lrt'jf a'9f] jf c;Qm ePkl5 dfG5]nfO{ cfqmd0f ug]{ vt/f w]/} x'G5 . ;fydf aRrf ePsf]
kf]yL a9L vt/gfs x'G5 .
y o;n] dfG5]nfO{ cfqmd0f ug]{ tl/sf jfwn] cfqmd0f ug]{ tl/sf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5 ;fy}
lrt'jfn] klg jfwn] em}+ g/eIfL gx'Gh]n dfG5]nfO{ cfqmd0f ub}{g .

lrt'jfsf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg] pkfo

y h+undf lx+8bf tfhf kfOnf jf uGw yfxf kfpgf;fy ;ts{ x'g] ;fy} cGo hgfj/x?sf]
;+s]t cfjfhx? klg ofb ug]{ .
y lrt'jf;Fu hDsfe]6 x'Fbf ?v r9g' x'Fb}g, a? yk8L dfg]{, rsf]{ cfjfhdf xf]xNnf u/]/
eufpg] k|of; ug'{k5{ .
y h+unsf] 5]p5fp a:g] dfG5]n] cfkm\gf] 3/sf] em\ofn9f]sf /fd|/L aGbug]{ .
y ;fFemdf PSn} lx+88'n gug]{, 3/ aflx/ ga:g] ;fy} lg:sg} k/] ;ts{ eP/ lg:sg] .
y s]6fs]6LnfO{ ;fFem ca]/;Dd aflx/ v]Ng glbg] .
y 3/sf] j/Lk/L cUnf] 3fF;, emf8L a'6\ofg g/fVg] .
y lbzflk;fj ug{ h+undf ghfg] .
y lrt'jfn] dfG5] df/]sf] yfxf kfpgf ;fy glhssf ufpFa:tLx?df ;d]t va/ ug]{ ;fy}
glhssf] jg sfof{nodf hfgsf/L u/fpg] .

26 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

u}+8f
zf/Ll/s agf]6 tyf hLjgrqm
y Ps l;+u] u}+8f ljZjdf kfO{g] % u}+8f k|hflt dWo] bf]>f] 7'nf] hgfj/ xf] .
y u}+8fsf] cf};t tf}n @ 6g ;Dd, z/L/sf] nDafO{ @=!–$=@ ld= / prfO{ !=!–@=) ld= ;Dd
x'G5 .
y kf]yL u}+8f #–% jif{df / efn] &–( aif{sf] pd]/df ao:s x'G5 . u}+8fsf] uef{wfg cjlw
!^–!* dlxgf;Ddsf] x'G5 .
y u}+8fx? ;fdfGoto $)–%) jif{ ;Dd afFRb5g\ .

:jefa tyf jf;:yfg

y u}+8f cfqmfds hgfj/ xf] . ;fdfGoto efn] u}+8fx? PSnfPSn} lx+85g\\ t/ aRrfl;tsf
kf]lyx? tyf cw{jo:s efn]x? &–* j6fsf] ;d'xdf /xg] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . lolgx?n] lbzf
Ps} 7fpFdf ub{5g\ .
y u}+8fn] k|ltlbg sl/j &) s]=hL= 3f; tyf ?vkft vfg] ub{5 . slnnf] / 5f]6f] 3fF; ePsf]
If]qdf of] hgfj/ 3G6f+} rg{] u5{ .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 27

 u}+8fn] cfqmd0f ug{] cj:yf
y ev{/ hlGdPsf] jf ;fgf] aRrf ;fydf ePsf] cj:yfdf .
y Pscfk;df h'w]/ 3fO{t] ePsf] cj:yfdf .
y efn] nfUg] a]nf jf nflu/x]sf] cj:yfdf .
y cfkm' jf aRrfnfO{ ;'/lIft dx;'; gu/]sf] cj:yfdf .
y cf/fd ul//x]sf] 7fpFdf k'uL lh:sfpg], cTofpg], kmf]6f] lvRg] cflb ul/ glhs} k'u]sf]
cj:yfdf .
y efn] u}+8fx? Ps cfk;df h'lw/x]sf] cj:yfdf .
y xfGg] afgL k/]sf] u}+8f ePdf .
y jo:s u}+8fx? j9L cfqmfds x'G5g\ .

u}+8fn] cfqmd0f ug]{ tl/sf

y ;fdfGoto dfG5] b]v]kl5 6fpsf] p7fof] eg] p cfkm} efU5 t/ 6fpsf] tn u¥of] eg] lta|
ultdf cfP/ xfGg] tof/L ub{}5 eGg] a'‰g] .
y cfqmd0f ug'{ cl3 klxn] xNsf sfFg rnfpF5, 6Ss /f]lsG5 / w]/} h;f] cj:yfdf cfjfh
lgsfNb} 6fpsf] 3f]K6f] kfb{} lta| ultdf cfP/ xfGg] ub{5 .
y dfG5] e'O{df n8]kl5 o;n] tNnf] Rofk'sf] 7"nf] bfFtn] bfFof afFof ub}{ xfG5, d'vn] 6f]S5 /
;fy} y't'gf] / l;ªn] km'6an v]n] h:t} prfn]/ km\ofS5 . e'O{df k5f/]kl5 v'6\6fn] s'lNrg]
/ xfGg] ub{5 .
y Psk6s xflg;s]kl5 cln 6f8f uP/ kms{]/ x]g{] u5{, rNof] jf cfjfh lgsfNof] eg] km]/L
kms]/ cfO{ xfGg ;S5 .

u}+8fsf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg] pkfo

y u}+8f af6 vt/f dx;'; ePdf t'?Gt} glhssf] ?vdf r8\g] .
y 7"nf] ?vsf] km]b jf l9:sf k5f8L cf8 nfUg] jf n'Sg] jf df]6f] ?vsf] jl/kl/ 5n]/ efUg] .
y crfgs cfqmd0f ug{] cj:yf ePdf jf u}+8f;+u hDsfe]6 ePdf cfk"m;+u ePsf] 6f]kL,
rKkn, ?dfn, emf]nf, nufPsf] n'uf cflb u}+8f tkm{ ˆofSb} cfkm' hf]8n] efUg] jf ?v
r8\g] .
y jl/kl5 ?v 5}g eg] dfly n]lvPsf ;fdfgx? kmfNb} afª\uf] l6ª\uf] ul/ efUg] .
y cf]/fnf] jf psfnf] lt/ jf xfjf jx]sf] ljkl/t lbzftkm{ efUg] .
y 9'+uf ePsf] au/, bnbn, ef; tkm{ efUg] .
y bf}l8bf u}+8fn] nv]6]sf] lbzf eGbf ljkl/t () l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf efUg] .
y s]lx l;k gnfu]df lxDdt;fy cfkm';+u ePsf] nÝLn] u}+8fsf] y't'gf]df hf]8n] lxsf{pg],
o;/L lxsf{p+bf slxn]sfxL u}+8f t;{]/ efU5 .
y ;d"xdf h+un hfFbf u}+8fn] cfqmd0f ug]{ l:ylt b]lvof] eg] n'Sg] k|of; ug{], ;lsPg eg]
Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf eP/ a];/L xNnf ug]{ .
y ;fgf] aRrf ;+u u}+8f b]Vgf;fy cfkm" ;'/lIft eO{ 6f9f hfg] jf ?v r8\g] . o:tf] u}+8fsf]
glhs slxn]klg ghfg] .
y h+undf lx+8\bf u}+8fsf] tfhf kfO{nf, lbzf b]v]df cfkm' ;ts{ eO{ p;sf] lqmofsnfk,
;+s]tx? ofb ug{] lsgls u}+8f Tolx jl/k/L x'g ;S5 .
y h+undf slxn] klg u}+8f nfO{ glh:Sofpg], gt;f{pg], ;s];Dd p;nfO{ cfˆgf] pkl:yltsf]
yfxf gx'g] ul/ lx+8\g] jf ;'/lIft b'/Laf6 x]g{] .

28 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

kf6] af3
y jo:s efn] af3sf] tf}n !*)–@#) s]=hL= ;Dd / zl// @=* ld6/ ;Dd nfdf] x'g;S5 .
kf]yL af3 efn] eGbf ;fgf] !#^ s]=hL= ;Dd tf}n / @=$$ ld= ;Dd nDafO{ x'G5 .
y efn] af3 $ aif{ / kf]yL af3 # aif{sf] pd]/df jo:s x'G5g\ . af3sf] uef{wfg cjlw
!%–!^ xKtfsf] x'G5 . k|fo @ b]lv $ ;Dd aRrf hlGdG5g\ . aRrfx? ^ dlxgfsf] ePkl5
dfp;+u l;sf/ v]Ng lgl:sg5g\ .
y af3sf aRrfx? !* b]lv @* dlxgf ;Dd dfp;+u} /xG5g\ / ;fdfGotof cf};t @) aif{sf]
cfo';Dd afFR5g\ .

ljZjdf af3sf] cj:yf

y lat]sf !)) jif{df ljZje/L af3sf] jf;:yfg (#Ü n] 36]sf] 5 .
y af3 Pl;ofsf] !$ b]zx?df dfq kfO{G5 .
y o; cjlwdf # k|hfltsf af3x? nf]k ePsf 5g\ .
y xfn af3sf] ;+Vof #,%)) sf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 .
y af3sf ( pkk|hfltx? M
!_ kf6] af3 @_ dnfo af3 #_ cd'/ -;fOa]l/og_ af3 $_ OG8f] rfOgf af3 %_ ;fpy
rfOgf af3 ^_ Sof;lkog af3 &_ afnL af3 *_ hfef af3 (_ ;'dqg af3
y ;+;f/af6 nf]k eO;s]sf af3x? M
!_ afnL af3 @_ Sof;lkog af3 #_ hfef af3

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 29

 af3n] cfqmd0f ug]{ cj:yf
y ;fydf ;fgf] aRrf ePdf .
y lzsf/ ug{ jf lzsf/ vfg nfu]sf] cj:yfdf .
y 3fOt], la/fdL jf a'9f] eO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd ef]sf] /x]sf] cj:yfdf .
y kf]yLn] aRrf n'sfPsf] 7fpFdf crfgs k'u]df . o:tf] cj:ydf ?vdf r9]sf]nfO{ ;d]t
emD6]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
y ;'t]sf] jf cf/fd u/L/x]sf] 7fpFdf k'u]df .
y b'O{ af3 cfk;df n8L/x]sf] cj:yfdf .
y hDsfe]6 eP/ af3 efUg] 7fpF gkfPsf] cj:yfdf .
y dfG5] vfg] afgL k/]df .
y cfxf/f k|hflt jf jf;:yfg sd ePdf / jf;:yfgdf dfG5]sf] ultljlw a9]df .

af3n] cfqmd0f ug]{ tl/sf

y emf8L jf cUnf] 3fF;df n's]/ k|fo k5fl8, bf+of af+of / slxn]sfxL cufl8af6 ;d]t
PSsf;L emlD6g] ub{5 .
y aRrf;Fu ePsf] cj:yfdf s/fP/ PSsf;L cfqmd0f ub{5 .
y dfG5] vfg] af3 xf] eg] PSnf]b'Snf] dfG5] b]v]kl5 n';'Ss h+unleq k:5 / 3'd]/ cfO{
cfqmd0f ub{5 . cfqmd0f ug{' cl3 k'R5/ 7f8f] kf5{ / xNnfpF5, To;kl5 e'O{df nkSs
6fFl;P/ a;L cfjfh lgsfNb} cfqmd0f ub{5 .
y cfqmd0f ubf{ cfkm\gf] $ j6} k+hf km'nfP/ g+u|f lgsfN5 / d'v cf+ ub}{ d'v / k+hfn]
Ps};fy cfqmd0f ub{5 .
y af3n] k|fo 6fpsf] k5f8L jf ub{gg]/ xfG5 . 3fF6L eflrlbG5 clg /ut r':5 .
y k|fo a'9f], c;Qm jf 3fO{t] ePsf] cj:yfdf a9L vt/gfs, lx+;s / cfqmfds x'G5g\ . ;fy}
aRrf ePsf] kf]yL klg a9L vt/gfs x'G5g\ .

af3sf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg] pkfo

y af3sf] glhs ghfg] jf glh:sfpg] .
y af3sf] gof+ jf tfhf kfO{nf b]Vof] eg] Tof] stf / slt 6f9f uPsf] 5 x]g]{ .
y af3 ePsf] If]qdf rgfvf] eP/ l56f] l56f] lx+8\g] / af3sf] lk;fj jf uGwsf] Vofn /fVg] .
y af3sf] k+hf 5fk b]lvPdf k~hfsf] cfs[lt lau|]sf] 5 5}g x]g]{, k~hf lau|]sf] 5 eg] uPsf]
If]qdf af3 x'g ;S5, 3fO{t] af3n] cfqmd0f ug]{ ;Defjgf w]/} x'G5 .
y af3sf] kfO{nf ePsf] 7fpFdf /ut, /f}+x? jf l3;fl/Psf] lrGx 5 eg] To:tf] lrGx ePlt/
ghfg] . af3n] lzsf/ u/]/ vfg jf aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg nfu]sf] x'g'k5{ .
y af3n] lzsf/ ug{ yfn]sf], ;'t]sf] jf lzsf/ v'jfpg nfu]sf] cj:yfdf xf]xNnf gug]{ .
y crfgs af3;+u hDsfe]6 eof] / efUg] cj:yf jf 7fpF 5}g eg] r'k nfu]/ grnLsg
af3;+u cf+vf h'wfpFb} la:tf/} k5fl8 ;b}{ 6f9f hfg], / ;'/lIft 7fpFdf k'u]kl5 gbf}8Lsg
la:tf/} efUg] jf emf8L leq k:g] .
y h+undf lx+8bf r/f, afFb/, lrQn cflbsf] cfjfhnfO{ ofb ug]{ . oL hgfj/x?n] af3
glhs ePsf] ;+s]t lbg]ub{5g\ .
y cGo s'g} lsl;dn] aRg ;Sg] cj:yf gePdf cfkm';+u ePsf] nf}/f]n] af3nfO{ hf]8n]
lxsf{pg], o;f] ubf{ af3 efUg ;S5 .
y h+unsf] 5]p5fp a:g] dflg;x? ;fFem k/]kl5 ;se/ cfkm" / s]6fs]6LnfO{ aflx/ lgl:sg
glbg], h+undf lbzflk;fj ug{ ghfg] tyf ca]/;Dd s]6fs]6LnfO{ aflx/ v]Ng glbg] .
y g/eIfL af3 ePsf] If]qdf hfb} ghfg] uPklg xfQL cyjf df]6/af6 dfq} hfg] .
y af3n] cfqmd0f u/]sf] yxf x'gf;fy of] vj/ j/Lk/Lsf 6f]nj:tL tyf ;DalGwt lgs'~h
cf/If sfof{nodf ug]{ u/fpg] .

30 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

xfQL
y
y
;+;f/df kfO{g] # k|hftLsf xfQL dWo] Pp6f k|hftL Pl;ofnL xfQL g]kfndf kfO{G5 .
Pl;ofnL xfQL clk|msL xfQL eGbf ;fgf] x'G5 .
y 7"nf] 6fpsf], 7"nf sfg, ;fgf cfFvf x'G5g\ .
y o;sf] ;'+8 cToGt} ;+j]bglzn x'G5, h:sf d2tn] xfQLn] ;'+3\g] / ;dfTg] sfd ub{5 .
y Pp6f jo:s xfQLsf] cf};t prfO{ @=&% ld6/ / tf}n $ b]lv * 6g;Dd x'G5 . o;sf]
;'+3\g] / ;'Gg] zlQm cGo hgfj/sf] eGbf tLa| x'G5 .
y efn] xfQL @) aif{sf] pd]/df / kf]yL xfQL !& b]lv !( aif{df jo:s x'G5g\ . xfQLsf]
uef{wf/0f ;do @) b]lv @@ dlxgfsf] x'G5 / Pp6f dfq aRrf hlGdG5 .
y xfQL ;fdfGotof &) b]lv *) aif{sf] cfo';Dd afFRb5 .

xfQLn] cfqmd0f ug]{ cj:yf

y dft nfu]sf] cj:yfdf .
y ;fgf] aRrf ;fydf ePsf] cj:yfdf .
y efn] nfUg] cj:yfdf .
y hDsfe]6 ePdf jf crfgs xfQLsf] glhs k'u]sf] cj:yfdf .
y r/L/x]sf] a]nf lh:sfP jf xf]xNnf u/]df .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 31

 y v]tL vfg cfpFbf wkfPsf] a]nf l/;fP/ cfqmd0f ug{;S5 .
y cfuf]sf] cu'N6f] jf s'g} a:t'n] xfg]sf] eP To:tf] j:t' b]Vgf;fy xfQLn] cfqmd0f ug{;S5 .
y cfkm\gf] aRrf x/fPdf jf d/]sf] cj:yfdf .
y O{v /fv]sf] cj:yfdf . lh:sfpg] jf nv]6\g] dfG5]sf] cfjfh lrGof] eg] w]/} kl5 ;Dd klg
cfqmd0f ug{ ;S5 .

xfQLn] cfqmd0f ug]{ tl/sf

y l/;fPsf] xfQLn] ;'+8 e'O{df k8sfpFb} w'nf] 55{ . sfg 7f8f] kfb}{ cufl8lt/ NofpFb} hf]8n]
s/fP/ cfqmd0f ub{5 . ;+'8n] xfg]/ dfG5] n8fpF5 clg v'§fn] lyR5 / ;'+8n] ;dft]/
RofT5 .
y cuf8L /x]sf] ?v 9fn]/ ?vsf] xfFufn] xfGg] jf 9'+uf jf cuf8L h] kfpF5 To;}n] klg xfG5 .
y dfG5]nfO{ e'O{df k5f/]kl5 bfx|fn] 3f]r]/ df5{ . slxn]sfFxL ;'+8n] a]/]/ k/ x'TofOlbG5 jf
?vdf nu]/ k5f5{ .
y xfQL l/;fPsf] a]nf dfG5]sf] 3/ ;d]t eTsfO{lbPsf] kfO{G5 .
y cfk"m c;'/lIft ePsf] dxz'; u/]sf] cj:yfdf xfQL a9L cfqmfds x'g ;S5 . ;fdfGotof
kf]yL eGbf efn] xfQL a9L cfqmfds x'G5 .

xfQLsf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg] pkfo

y xfQL;+u hDsfe]6 ePdf cfkm';+u ePsf] ;fdfg -6f]kL, n'uf, emf]nf, rKkn cflb_ km\ofSg] /
a]tf]8;+u af+uf]l6+uf]ub}{ bf}l8g] jf 9'+u\ofg au/lt/ efUg] .
y xfQLn] 5f]6f] b'/L;Dd dfq nv]65 . nv]6b} kl5kl5 cfpFb}g .
y cln 58s] k/]/ cf]/fnf] lt/, bnbn hldg jf lxnf] lt/ efUg] .
y 9n]sf] 7"nf] ?vsf] d'gLaf6 efUg] .
y k'nk'n];f t/]/ efUg] .
y xfjfsf] ljkl/t lbzflt/ efUg] .
y h+un hfFbf hfF8/S;L gvfg], o;sf] uGwn] xfQLnfO{ cfslif{t ub{5 .
y cfuf] jf /fFsf] afn]/ t;f{pg] .
y h+un hfFbf xfQLsf] tfhf kfOnf jf lbzf ofb ug]{, ;ts{ /xg] / xfQL ePsf] uPsf]
lbzftkm{ ghfg] . ;fy} ?v efFr]sf], ;"+8 ahf/]sf] jf 3'/]sf] klg ;'Gg ;lsG5 . o:tf]
cfjfh ;'g]df ;ts{ x'g] .

32 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

h+un hf“bf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?
y h+un leq slxn} PSn} hfg' x'Fb}g . h+un hfFbf h+un ;'xfpFbf] kf]zfs nufpg' k5{ .
/+uLr+uL / e8lsnf] n'uf nufpg' x'Fb}g, cfkm\gf] ;fydf ;w} alnof] nf}/f] af]Sg' k5{ .
y cQ/ jf af:gf cfpg] j:t' k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g, ;w} h'Qf nufpg' k5{ .
y h+undf xf]xNnf ug'{ x'Fb}g .
y /]l8of], Sof;]6, df]afOn ahfpg jf x]8kmf]g k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g .
y cfFvf, sfg, rgfvf] /fvL ;ts{ /xg'k5{ .
y ;kmf/L ls6 -emf]nf, b'/aLg, k|fylds pkrf/ ;fdu|Lsf cf}ifwL, rSs' cflb_ ;w} ;fydf
/fVg' k5{ .
y h+undf hyfefjL ?vlj?jf jg:klt sf6g' x'Fb}g .
y s'g}klg hgfj/ r/fr'?uL a:g] 7fpFx? -Kjfn, u'+8 jf 6f]8sf cflb_ rnfpg' jf laufg'{
x'Fb}g .
y jGohGt' b]lvPdf zfGt Pj+ ;ts{ eO{ 6f9faf6 cjnf]sg ug'{ kb{5 .
y s'g} klg jGohGt'sf] glhs hfg] jf lh:sfpg] ug'{ x'Fb}g .
y s'g} hgfj/ 3fO{t] jf d[t cj:yfdf e]6]df t'?Gt ;DalGwt lgsfodf hfgsf/L u/fpg'
kb{5 .
y h+undf ;nfO{ sf]/L hyfefjL kmfNg' x'Fb}g .
y gbLgfnfx?df g'xfpg] jf cfkm'n] nu]sf] vfBkbfy{sf] vf]n, a§f, kmf]xf]/ cflb kmfNg' x'Fb}g .
y vf]nfdf laiffbLsf] k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g .
y h+un hfFbf w'd|kfg jf dBkfg ug'{ x'Fb}g .
y ;+/lIft If]q ;DalGw gLlt lgodaf/] hfgsf/L /fVg'kb{5 .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 33

jGohGt'af6 x'g]
Ifltsf] /fxt ;xof]u
lgb]{lzsf, @)^(
-klxnf] ;+zf]wg, @)&@_

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 35

jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt
;xof]u lgb]{lzsf, @)^(
-klxnf] ;+zf]wg, @)&@_

k|:tfjgf M
jGohGt' -xfQL,u}+8f, af3, efn', lrt'jf, lxpF lrt'jf, Wjf+;] lrt'jf, Ajf+;f], h+unL s's'/, h+unL
aFb]n / cgf{_ n] ;+/lIft If]q, dWojtL{ If]q, ;fd'bflos jg nufot cGo jg If]q tyf cGo
ufpF÷j:tLdf k|j]z u/L :yfgLo hgtfsf] hLp wgsf] Iflt k'¥ofpg] u/]sf] t/ /fli6«o lgs'~h
tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( / To; cGtu{t ag]sf lgodfjnLx? tyf cGo k|rlnt
g]kfn sfg"gdf ;d]t jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt lbg] Joj:yf gePsf] sf/0f o:tf] Iflt
x'Fbf :yfgLo hgtf / ;+/If0f lgsfo tyf :yfgLo k|zf;gsfaLr tgfj / åJå ;[hgf x'Fb}
cfPsf] 5 .

jg If]qaf6 jGohGt' aflx/ cfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg] u/]sf] sf/0f :yfgLo hgtfaf6 k6s–k6s
jGohGt'n] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] /fxt dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo:t/sf ;/f]sf/jfnf
;+3–;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh;Fu 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof u/L k|fKt /fo ;'emfgsf cfwf/df
jGohGt'af6 x'g] hLp wgsf] Iflt jfkt tkl;nsf dfkb08sf] cfwf/df kLl8t g]kfnL
gful/snfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fO{ jGohGt' / :yfgLo afl;GbfaLrsf] cGt/ ;DjGw 3lgi7
/fVg] p2]Zon] cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)&$ sf] lgod !!$ adf]lhd jg tyf e"–;+/if0f
dGqfnon] of] lgb]{lzsf agfPsf] 5 .

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M

!_ of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æjGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt ;xof]u lgb]{lzsf, @)^( -klxnf]
;+zf]wg, @)&@_Æ /x]sf] 5 .
@_ of] lgb]{lzsf t'?Gt nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff M
o; lgb]{lzsfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
s_ æjGohGt'af6 x'g] IfltÆ eGgfn] xfQL, u}+8f, af3, efn', lrt'jf, lxpF lrt'jf, j+unL
a+b]n, WjfF;] lrt'jf, AjfF;f], h+unL s's'/, / cgf{af6 x'g] dfgjLo Iflt, kz'wgsf] Iflt,
e08f/0f u/]sf] cGgsf] Iflt, 3/÷uf]7sf] Iflt, / vfBfGg afnL -pv', / Joj:fflos s]/f
v]tL ;d]t_ sf] Iflt ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
v_ æuDeL/ 3fOt]Æ eGgfn] jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 z/L/ cËeË x'g] u/L 3fO{t] ePsf]
cj:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 .
u_ æ;fdfGo 3fOt]Æ eGgfn] z/L/ cËeË x'g] jfx]s pkrf/ ug'{ kg]{ cGo cj:yfsf]
3fO{t]nfO{ hgfpF5 .

#= jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] lsl;d / /fxt k|fKt ug]{ cfwf/x? M

s_ dfgjLo Iflt M ;+/lIft If]q / /fli6«o jgIf]q afx]s cGoq bkmf @ -s_ df pNn]lvt
jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L dflg;sf] d[To' ePdf, uDeL/ 3fOt] ePdf jf pkrf/ ug'{
kg]{ u/L 3fOt] ePsf] cj:yfdf o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd /fxt /sd pknAw u/fOg]5 .
To;}u/L ;+/lIft If]q / /fli6«o jg If]qdf ;/sf/L sfddf vl6Psf sd{rf/L / jg
;+/If0fsf] sfdsf] nflu cg'dlt lnO{ sfddf vl6Psf sfdbf/nfO{ pNn]lvt jGohGt'n]
Iflt k'¥ofPdf ;d]t o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd /fxt pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
v_ kz'wgsf] Iflt M ;+/lIft If]q / /fli6«o jgIf]q afx]s cGoq bkmf @ -s_df pNn]lvt
jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L j:t'efpsf] d[To' ePdf o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd /fxt /sd
pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

t/ kz'wgsf] ladf u/]sf] cj:yfdf aLdf /sd s6fP/ /fxt pknAw u/fO{g]5 .
dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 37
 u_ e08f/0f u/]sf] cGgsf] Iflt M bkmf @ -s_ df pNn]lvty jGohGt'n] 3/uf]7leq
e08f/0f u/]sf] cGgsf] iflt u/]df dfq Ifltsf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df /fxt pknAw
u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
3_ 3/÷uf]7sf] Iflt M bkmf @ -s_ df pNn]lvt jGohGt'n] k|of]udf /x]sf] 3/÷uf]7sf] Iflt
u/]df Ifltsf] d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df /fxt /sd pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
ª_ vfBfGg afnLsf] Iflt M bkmf @ -s_ df pNn]lvt jGohGt'n] vfBfGg –pv' / Joj;flos
s]/f v]lt ;d]t_ afnL gf]S;fg u/]df d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df /fxt /sd pknAw u/fpg
;lsg]5 .
r_ lxdfnL If]q ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M lxdfnL ;+/lIft If]qx?leq ePsf a:tLx?df bkmf
@ -s_df pNn]lvt jGohGt'n] Iflt k'¥ofPdf ;d]t o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd /fxt /sd
pknAw u/fOg]5 .
5_ /fxt ljt/0fsf If]qx? M /fxt ljt/0fsf If]qx? tn tflnsf g+= ! df pNn]v ul/Psf]
5.

Tflnsf g+= ! /fxt ljt/0fsf If]q

jGohGt' dfgjLo Iflt kz'wgsf] Ef08f/0f 3/ uf]7sf] vfBGg

Iflt u/]sf] Iflt afnLsf] Iflt
;fdfGo ;Vt 3fOt] d[To' cGgsf] Iflt
3fOt]

xfQL Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg]

u}+8f Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] kfpg]

Af3 Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] kfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg]

efFn' Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg]

lrt'jf Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] kfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg]

lxpF lrt'jf Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] kfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg]

WjfF;] lrt'jf Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] kfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg]

AjfF;f] Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] kfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg]

h+unL s's'/ Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] kfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg]

h+unL aFb]n Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg]

cgf{ Kffpg] Kffpg] Kffpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] gkfpg] kfpg]

38 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

 $= /fxt /sd k|fKt ug{sf nflu k|df0fx? k]z ug'{kg]{ M
/fxt /sd k|fKt ug{sf nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{ k|df0fx? tn tflnsf g+= @ df pNn]v ul/Psf]
5.
Tflnsf g+= @= /fxt /sd k|fKt ug{sf nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{ k|df0fx?

dfgjLo Iflt Ef08f/0f

3/ vfBGg
kz'wgsf] u/]sf]
k|df0f / k|s[lt ;fdfGo ;Vt uf]7sf] afnLsf]
d[To' Iflt cGgsf]
3fOt] 3fOt] Iflt Iflt
Iflt

lkl8t÷xsjfnfsf] lgj]bg 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

;+ej eP;Dd d[tssf]÷kLl8tsf] kmf]6f] 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq 3

36gf:ynsf] ;h{dLg d'r'Nsf 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/; -kf]i6df6{d 3 3 3

l/kf]6{_
ljb]zdf pkrf/ u/fPsf] eP ;/sf/L
c:ktfnn] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; ;+nUg
x'g'kg]{ .

k|x/L k|ltj]bg 3

;DalGwt dWojtL{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

jf ;+/If0f If]q Joj:yfkg kl/ifb\ jf
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/;

;DalGwt ufpF ljsf; 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] l;kmfl/;

gftf k|dfl0ft sfuhft 3

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/; / cf}iflw 3 3

ljn
ljb]zdf pkrf/ u/fPsf] eP ;/sf/L
c:ktfnsf] l;kmfl/; / k|dfl0ft ljn
;+nUg x'g'kg]{ .
kz' ;]jf÷s[lif ;]jf ;DaGwL 3 3 3
k|fljlwssf] d"No+fsg

hUuf wgL k|df0f k'hf{ 3 3

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 39

 %= /fxt /sdsf] xb M
s_ dfgjLo Ifltsf] nflu M
c_ ;fdfGo 3fOt]sf] nflu 3fOt]sf] k|s[lt x]/L k|]lift sfuhft / l;kmfl/;sf
cfwf/df a9Ldf ?= !),))).– -bz xhf/_ ;Dd .
cf_ ;Vt 3fOt]sf] nflu 3fOt]sf] k|s[lt x]/L k|]lift sfuhft / ljz]if1 lrlsT;ssf]
l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df a9Ldf ?=!,)),))).– -Psnfv_ .
O_ d[tssf] cfl>t kl/jf/÷xsjfnfsf] nflu ?= %,)),)))÷– -kfFr nfv_ .

v_ kz'wgsf] Ifltsf] nflu M

c_ jo:s e}F;L jf hf]Tg] pd]/sf] /f+uf] jf uf]? Jf pGgthftsf] ufO{ jf ;fF8]sf] d[To'
ePdf ?= #),))).– -tL; xhf/_ ;Dd .
cf_ cGo kz'sf] nflu j:t'efpsf] k|sf/ x]/L k|]lift sfuhft / l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df
a9Ldf ?= !),))).–-bz xhf/_ ;Dd .

t/ kz'wgsf] aLdf u/]sf] cj:yfdf aLdf /sd s6fP/ /fxt pknAw u/fOg]5 .

u_ 3/÷uf]7 Ifltsf] nflu M ;DjlGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldlt tyf sfof{nosf k|ltlglw ;d]taf6
k|fKt Iflt;DaGwL k|ltj]bg / l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df lgDg cg';f/sf] /fxt /sd pknAw
u/fOg]5 M
c_ 3/÷uf]7 Ifltsf] k|s[lt x]/L k|]lift sfuhft / l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df a9Ldf ?=
!),))).– -bz xhf/_ ;Dd .
cf_ esf/Ldf e08f/0f ul/Psf] cGgsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|]lift sfuhft / l;kmfl/;sf
cfwf/df a9Ldf ?= !),))).– -bz xhf/_ ;Dd .

3_ vfBfGg afnLsf] Ifltsf] nflu M -!_ ;DjlGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, ufpF ljsf;
;ldlt÷gu/kflnsf tyf sfof{nosf k|ltlglw ;d]taf6 k|fKt Iflt;DjGwL k|ltj]bg
/ l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df vfBfGg afnLsf] Ifltsf] If]qkmn / k|s[lt x]/L a9Ldf ?=
!),))).– -bz xhf/_ ;Dd /fxt /sd pknAw u/fOg]5 . t/, Ps df};ddf nufPsf]
afnLsf] xsdf Ps k6s / jif{df b'O{ k6sdf ga9\g] u/L /fxt /sd pknAw
u/fOg]5 .

^= ;+:yfut ;+/rgf M
s_ o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhdsf] /fxt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t pknAw u/fOg]5 .
v_ lhNnf :t/df /fxt pknAw u/fpgsf nflu lgDg adf]lhdsf] Ps /fxt ljt/0f
l;kmfl/; ;ldlt /xg]5 M
c_ ;+/lIft If]qsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ;+/lIft If]qsf sfof{no k|d'v / jg If]qsf]
xsdf lhNnf jg clws[t ;+of]hs
cf_ ;DalGwt dWojtL{ If]q pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf ;b:o
O_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;b:o
O{_ ;DalGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[t÷
ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ;lrj jf÷k|ltlglw ;b:o
p_ pknAw ePdf lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no jf kz' ljsf;
sfof{nosf k|ltlglw -Ifltsf] lsl;d cg';f/_ ;b:o

;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo lj1 k|ltlglwnfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

&= /fxt dfu tyf /fxt ljt/0f ubf{sf] sfo{ljlw M

s_ /fxt ;xof]u dfu ug]{ JolQmn] 36gf 36]sf] ldltn] sDtLdf ^) lbgleq ;DalGwt
;+/lIft If]q jf lhNnf jg sfof{no ;dIf dfly tfnLsf g+= @ df tf]lsPsf sfuhftx?
;+nUg u/L lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

40 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

 v_ o;/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf lgj]bgx? Dfly /fxt ljt/0f ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L pknaw
u/fpg' kg]{ /fxtsf] /sd ;DalGwt ;+of]hssf] sfof{nodfkm{t If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfnodf
dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
u_ ;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfnoaf6 /fxt /sd pknAw ePkl5 ;+/lIft If]qsf] xsdf
;DjlGwt ;+/lIft If]qsf] sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] xsdf lhNnf jg sfof{no
dfkm{t lkl8t÷xsjfnfnfO{ sDtLdf @ hgf dfyj/ ;fIfLsf] /f]xa/df /fxt /sd
e"QmfgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .
3_ /fxt ljt/0f ubf{ dfgjLo Iflt ePdf d[tssf] xsdf glhssf] xsjfnf, ulDe/ tyf
;fdfGo 3fOt]sf] xsdf lgh :jo+ jf lghsf] d~h'/Lgfdfsf] cfwf/df / cGo Ifltsf]
xsdf ;DjlGwt xsjfnfnfO{ /fxt /sd pknAw u/fOg]5 .
ª_ dflg;sf] d[To' / uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] cj:yfdf kLl8t kIfaf6 dfq ePdf dflg; d[To'
ePsf]df ?= %),))).– -krf; xhf/_ ;Dd / ulDe/ 3fOt] ePsf]df ?= !),))).–
-bz xhf/_ ;Dd kLl8tn] /fxt kfpg] /fxt /sdaf6 ;f]wegf{ x'g] u/L ;DalGwt
sfof{noaf6 clu|d e"QmfgL lbg ;lsg]5 .
r_ o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd ljt/0f ul/g] /fxt /sd r]s dfkm{t e"QfgL ul/g] 5 .

*= cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M

s_ /fxt lbgsf] nflu If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t k|fKt ePsf] /sd bkmf & adf]lhd
ljt/0f u/]kl5 ;f] sf] ljj/0f lhNnf k|zf;g sfof[no, lkl8t JolQmsf] :yfoL 7]ufgf
ePsf] ufpmF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no, tfn's ljefu / If]qLo jg
lgb]{zgfnodf k7fpg'kg]{5 .
v_ If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfnon] rf}dfl;s ?kdf /fxt ljt/0f ePsf] ljj/0f jg tyf
e"–;+/If0f dgqfnodf rf}dfl;s ljt]]sf] !% ut] leq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
u_ ;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zsn] cfˆgf] If]q leq ljt/0f ePsf] /fxt kfpg] JolQm dWo]
sDtLdf !) k|lt;tnfO{ e]6L /sd kfP gkfPsf] / k|s[ofsf] af/]df cg'udg u/L
rf}dfl;s ?kdf jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . dGqfnoaf6
;f] ljj/0f dGqfnosf] j]e;fO{6df / jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf k|sflzt ug'{kg]{ 5 .

(= ljljwM
s_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf g;d]l6Psf jGohGt'n] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt dWojtL{
If]q Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, ;+/If0f If]q Joj:yfkg kl/ifb, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt
jf lhNnf jg sfof{no jf ;+/If0f sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf ;+:yfn] cfˆg} ;|f]tdf o;
lgb]{lzsfsf] kl/lwleq /xL /fxt /sd pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5g .
v_ jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 dflg;sf] d[To' ePdf jf cËeË x'g] u/L ulDe/ 3fO{t] ePdf
;+/If0f ;xof]uL lgsfon] o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd kfpg] /fxt /sdsf cltl/Qm yk
/sd ljz]if /fxt :j?k pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5g .

!)= arfp M
o; lgb]{lzsf :jLs[t x'g'eGbf cufl8 pknAw u/fO{Psf /fxt /sdx? o;} lgb]{lzsf
adf]lhd ljt/0f ePsf] dflgg]5 .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 41

dfgj–jGohGt'
åGå Joj:yfkg
;xof]u ;~rfng
sfo{ljlw @)&!

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 43

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg
;xof]u ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&!
k|:tfjgf M
h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f If]qdf g]kfnn] clu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf]5 . b]zsf] s'n e"–
efusf] em08} $) k|ltzt jg If]q dWo] @#=@# k|lt;t e"–efu ;+/lIft If]q k|0ffnL leq 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;+/If0fsf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?sf] nufgL tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfaf6
h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw xfl;n ePsf 5g . o;af6 af3, u}+8f / xfQL
nufotsf b'n{e / nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt'sf] ;+Vof pNn]Vo ?kdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 . jGohGt'sf]
;+Vofdf cfPsf] a[l4;+u} Psflt/ dfgj–jGohGt'larsf] åGå Joj:yfkg / csf]{tkm{ jGohGt'sf]
rf]/L lzsf/ tyf jGohGt'sf cËk|ToËsf] cj}w Jofkf/ Pj+ ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p4f/ /
Joj:yfkg h:tf ;d:of / r'gf}tL klg ylkPsf 5g\ .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGåsf sf/0f Psflt/ wghgsf] Iflt x'g] / csf]{lt/ jGohGt' k|lt x'g]
k|ltzf]wk"0f{ Aojxf/af6 jGohGt'nfO{ Iflt k'Ug] s[ofsnfk ;d]t x'+b} cfPsf] cj:yf 5 .
dfgj–jGohGt' aLr laBdfg åGå Go'lgs/0f u/L ;x–cl:tTj sfod ug]{ p2]Zon] laleGg
lg/f]wfTds pkfo cjnDjg ub}{ jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt ;xof]u lgb]{lzsf @)^(
adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/af6 jGohGt' kLl8tnfO{ /fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fpb} cfPsf] 5 .

jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt ;xof]u lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] ;'lawfsf
cltl/St jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L d[To' ePsf / cËe+u e} kLl8t x'g k'u]sf AolQm jf
lghsf cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{ tTsfn /fxt pknAw u/fpg / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt' p2f/ tyf
Joj:yfkg ug{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfly{s ;|f]t, bIf hgzlQm
/ ;|f]t;fwgsf] lbuf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ e/kbf]{ / k|efjsf/L tl/sfaf6 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå
Joj:yfkg ug{ ;DdfgLo k|wfgdGqLHo"sf] cWoIftfdf ldlt @)&!÷)(÷)& df a;]sf] /fli6«o
af3 ;+/If0f ;ldlt, g]kfnsf] kf+rf}+ a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;d]tsf cfwf/df ædfgj–jGohGt' åGå
Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&!Æ agfO{Psf] 5 .

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M

!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd ædfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
@)&!Æ /x]sf] 5 .
@_ of] sfo{ljlw g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldlt b]lv
g]kfn clw/fHoe/ nfu"x'g]5 .

@=kl/efiffM
laifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf
ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnonfO{ hgfpg]5 .
æsfo{ljlwÆ eGgfn] dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&! nfO{
hgfpg] 5 .
æ6'x'/f jGohGt'Æ eGgfn] dfp;+u 5'l§P/ j]jfl/;] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf jGohGt'sf]
aRrfx?nfO hgfp+b5 .
æ3fOt] tyf czSt jGohGt'Æ eGgfn] jGohGt'–jGohGt' aLrsf] åGå, dfgj jGohGt' åGå
/ rf]/L lzsf/Laf6 3fOt] tyf lj/fdL] jGohGt'nfO{ hgfp+b5 .
æ;d:ofu|:tÆ jGohGt' eGgfn] dfgj j:tLdf cfO{ k6s k6s wghgsf] Iflt k'¥ofpg]
jGohGt'nfO{ hgfp+b5 .
æ;xof]u Joj:yfkg ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf * adf]lhd /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f
laefusf dxflgb]{zssf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] ;ldltnfO{ hgfpb5 .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 45

 #= p2]Zo M
!_ g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[lgsfo / ;+/If0f ;fem]bf/ lgsfox¿sf] ;xof]u / ;xefluftfdf
dfgj–jGohGt'aLrsf] åGå Go"gLs/0f, 6'x'/f, czSt tyf 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t
jGohGt'sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg u/L h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofpb} dfgj–
jGohGt'aLr ;xcl:tTj sfod ug]{ .
@_ jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L cËe+u ePsf AolQm / d[To' ePsf AolQmsf cfl;|t
kl/jf/nfO{ tTsfn laz]if /fxt pknAw u/fpg] .

$= dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;xof]u /sd cfDbfgLsf

;|f]tx? M
dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;~rfngsf nflu b]xfosf ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /sd
hDdf ul/g]5
s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd .
v_ /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifaf6 k|fKt /sd .
u_ h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f If]qdf ;+nUg ljleGg ;+3, ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt /sd .
3_ cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yf / bftfx?af6 k|fKt /sd .
ª_ j}b]lzs ;xof]ujf6 k|fKt /sd .
r_ lghL If]qaf6 k|fKt /sd .
5_ jftfj/0fLo ;]jfaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .

%= /sd a}+s vftfdf hDdf x'g] M

s_ dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;~rfngsf] 5'§} vftf x'g]5 .
v_ g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 s ju{sf] Ohfht k|fKt a}+sdf vftf vf]nL /sd hDdf ul/g]5 .
u_ sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdaf6 cflh{t Aofh ;d]t ;f]xL vftfdf hDdf x'g]5 .

^= cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng M

s_ cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] cfly{s tyf k|zf;lgs lalgod
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{,,cfDbfgL vr{sf] lx;fj lstfj
;lxtsf] ;|]:tf /fVg], n]vfkl/If0f u/fpg] nufotsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L /fli6«o k|s[lt
;+/If0f sf]ifsf] x'g]5 .
u_ /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifn] aflif{s k|lta]bg Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
3_ Joj:yfkg vr{ jfkt /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifn] jflif{s ah]6sf] !) k|ltzt ;Dd
/sd vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

&= dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;xof]u ;~rfng If]qx? M

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;xof]u /sdx? lgDg lzif{sx?df dfq vr{ ul/g]5 .
s_ jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 cËe+u ePsf AolQm / d[To' ePsf AolQmsf cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{
laz]if /fxt pknAw u/fpg .
v_ ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p4f/, 6'x'/f, czSt tyf 3fOt] jGohGt'sf] pkrf/ tyf
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{ .
u_ 6'x'/f, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?
3fOt] ePdf pkrf/ ubf{ nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ .
3_ 6'x'/f, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf]
oftfoft, vfgf vfhf / af; a:g nufotsf vr{ .
ª_ 6'x'/f, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{df k|of]u x'g] cf}ifwL
tyf cf}hf/ / pks/0fdf nfUg] vr{x? .
r_ jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 cËe+u ePsf AolQm / d[To' ePsf AolQmsf cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{
bkmf * adf]lhd u7g x'g] Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] /sd laz]if
/fxt :j?k pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

46 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

*= Joj:yfkg ;ldltM
!_ laleGg ;+3 ;:yf, lgsfoaf6 ;xof]u /sd k|fKt ug]{ ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{, /fxt afkt
pknAw u/fO{g] /sd lgwf{/0f ug{ / cfjZoQmf cg';f/ sfdsf] k|efjsf/Ltf cg'udg
/ dfu{lgb]{z ug{sf nflu nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /x]g5 .

s_ dxflgb]{zs, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu ;+of]hs

v_ k|d'v, of]hgf dxfzfvf, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno ;b:o
3_ dxflgb]{zs, jg ljefu ;b:o
ª_ ;+/If0f sf]ifdf ;xefuL ;+:yfx?sf k|ltlglw j9Ldf @ hgf ;b:o
r_ ;b:o ;lrj, /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if ;b:o ;lrj

@_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7s aif{df Ps k6s clgjfo{ ?kdf / cfjZoQmfg';f/ ;f] eGbf
al9 klg a:g ;Sg]5 .
#_ ;xof]u /sd kl/rfng ;DaGwL lajfb lg/f]k0f ug]{ clwsf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]
x'g]5 .
$_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifaf6 k]z x'g cfPsf] aflif{s k|lta]bg
jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnodf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
%_ dGqfnoaf6 lbPsf] lgb]{zg Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{5 .

(= sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfof{Gjog / vr{ k|lqmof M

s_ jGohGt'af6 dflg; d[To' jf ;Vt 3fO{t] e} tTsfn /fxt pknAw u/fpgsf
nflu ;DalGwt lhNNff jg sfof{no jf ;+/lIft If]q -lgs'~h÷cf/If÷;+/If0f If]q_
sfof{noaf6 dfu e} cfPdf /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifn] ;DalGwt lhNNff jg sfof{no
jf ;+/lIft If]qsf sfof{no nfO{ tTsfn k]ZsL /sd pknJw u/fpg] 5 .
v_ ;DalGwt sfof{nox¿n] ;f] /sd lkl8t kIfnfO{ pknAw u/fO{ ;Ssn} lan e/kfO{
tyf sfuhft -/fxt lgb]{lzsf @)^( df pNn]v eP adf]lhd_ /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f
sf]ifdf k]z u/L k]ZsL km5\of}6 ug{' kg]{5

!)= sfo{ljlw ;+;f]wg / kl/dfh{g ;DalGw Aoj:yf M

Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf] :jLs[ltdf sfo{ljlw
;+;f]wg jf kl/dfh{g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 47

jGohGt'af6 x'g]
Ifltsf] /fxt ;xof]u
sfo{lalw @)&@
-;]tL ;a a]l;g :t/df_

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 49

jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt
;xof]u sfo{lalw @)&@
-;]tL ;a a]l;g :t/df_
!= k[i7e"dL M
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gs/fTds k|efjx? / h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf r'gf}tLx?nfO{ sd ug]{
p2]Zon] u08sL hnfwf/ If]qdf cd]l/sL ljsf; lgof]usf] ;xof]udf 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfnsf]
g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt xl/of] jg sfo{s|dn] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, lbuf] e"– kl/lw Joj:yfkg
/ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng h:tf cGt/;+jlGwt If]qdf sfd ub{5 . o;sf cltl/Qm o;
sfo{qmdn] lbuf] lhljsf]kfh{g, n}+lus tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]lzs/0f / z'zf;g h:tf dxTjk"0f{
kIfx?nfO{ ;xof]uL sfo{s|dsf] ?kdf ;d]6]sf] 5 .

o; sfo{j|mdsf lgDg lnlvt ltg p2]Zox? /x]sf 5g\ M

z tf]lsPsf e"–kl/lwx?df h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf hf]lvdx? Go"gLs/0f ug]{,
z k|efjsf/L / lbuf] e"–kl/lw Joj:yfkg d"ntM jgkm8f+gL / jg ljgf;sf] dfWodaf6
x'g] xl/tu[x UofF; pT;h{g Go"gLs/0f sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Ifdtf / ;+/rgfsf]
ljsf; ug]{,
z nlIft dfgj ;d'bfo tyf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLx?df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gs/fTds
k|efjnfO{ ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtfdf j[l4 ug]{,

of] sfo{qmd k"j{ klZrd km}lnPsf] t/fO{ e–"kl/lw / pQ/ blIf0f km}lnPsf] lrtjg cGgk"0f{
e"–kl/lwdf ;+rflnt 5 . lrtjg cGgk"0f{ e"–kl/lw sfnL u08sL, ;]tL, d:ofËbL / lqz'nL
gbL t6Lo If]qsf] #@,)() ju{ ls=ld= e"efudf k}mlnPsf] 5 . ljZjd} clt b'n{e dflgg] lx+p
lrt'jf, /ftf] xfa|], s:t'/L d[u cflb dxTjk"0f{ jGohGt'x? o; e"efudf kfO{G5g\ . o;sf ;fy}
of] e"kl/lwnfO{ pQ/ blIf0f h}ljs dfu{sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ xl/of] jg sfo{s|d o; If]qdf
;+rflnt 5 . sl/j %) nfv hg;+Vof ePsf] of] e" kl/lw h}ljs ljljlwtfsf b[li6sf]0fn] lgs}
dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 .

xl/of] ag sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ If]qdf dfgj aGohGt' åGå Ps d'Vo r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf]
5 . ljz]if u/L lrt'jfaf6 3/kfn'jf kz' kG5Lsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL, d[u tyf jf+b/af6 cGg
jfnLsf] Iflt cflb åGåsf d'Vo sf/0f /x]sf 5g\ . aGohGt'n] k'¥ofPsf Ifltsf sf/0f :yflgo
;d'bfodf aGohGt' k|lt gs/fTds ;f]r hfu[t eO jbnfsf] efj k}b ePsf] 5 . ljut @.#
jif{ leq sf:sL / tgx"+df dfq} !@.!# hlt lrt'jf d[t km]nf k/]sf 5g\ .

jg If]qjf6 jGohGt' aflx/ cfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg] u/]sf] sf/0f :yfgLo hgtfaf6 k6s–k6s
jGohGt'n] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] /fxt dfu eO{cfPsf] ;Gbe{df jGohGt'af6 x'g] hLp wgsf] Iflt
jfkt kLl8t g]kfnL gful/snfO{ /fxt pknJw u/fO{ jGohGt' / :yfgLo afl;GbfaLrsf]
cGt/ ;DjGw 3lgi7 /fVg] p2]Zon] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf]
/fxt ;xof]u lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ agfO /fxt ;xof]u x'b} cfP tfklg nfdf] k|zf;lgs k|s[ofsf
sf/0f kLl8tn] tTsfn /fxt k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o; cjZostfnfO{ dWo gh/ /fVb} /fxt
;xof]u lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ sf] sf] bkmf ( jdf]lhd ;f] lgb]{lzsfsf] kl/lwleq /xL kLl8tnfO
tTsfn /fxt ;xof]u ug{ of] sfo{ljlw tof/ kf/]sf] 5 .

@= nIo tyf p2]Zo

jGohGt'af6 x'g] xfgL gf]SzfgL sd ug{ ;]tL l/e/ a]l;g :t/df jGohGt' Iflt /fxt sf]if
:yfkgf ug]{ .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 51

 #= sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldtL
sf:sL / tgx'F lhNnf km]sf]kmgsf] ;+of]hsTjdf % ;b:oLo sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug]{
/ e"ldsfsf] cfwf/df cfjZostf cg'?k ;]tL l/e/ a]l;gsf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?nfO{
klg ;dfj]z ug]{ .

$= sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldtLsf] sfd st{Jo

z 8An'=8An'=Pkm g]kfn÷xl/of] jg sfo{s|daf6 k|fKt ePsf] /fxtsf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg
;'lgZrLt ug]{ .
z Ifltk'lt{ D"fNofÍg ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df kLl8tnfO{ /fxt /sd pknAw
u/fpg] .
z ;]tL l/e/ a]l;gsf ;a} ;d'bflos jgx?nfO{ jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt ;xof]u
sfo{qmd ;DalGw hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
z ;d'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d'xx?nfO{ sfo{s|ddf ;xeflutf / sfo{s|daf6 nfeflGjt
x'g clek|]l/t ug]{ .
z cGo ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yf ;+u ;dGjo u/L sf]ifnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ ;xof]u
ug]{ .
z ;DalGwt D"fNofÍg ;ldltn] lat/0f u/]sf] /fxt kfpg] AolQm dWo] sDtLdf !)
k|lt;tnfO{ e]6L /sd kfP gkfPsf] / k|s[ofsf] af/]df cg'udg u/L km]sf]kmg s]Gb|nfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
z If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfnonfO{ rf}dfl;s ?kdf /fxt lat/0f ePsf] laj/0f k7fpg' kg]{ .
z ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg / pkef]Stfx?nfO{ jg ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f
sfo{df ;xefuL x'g k|f]T;fxg ug{] .
z cw{aflif{s cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|lta]bg 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn, xl/of] jg sfo{s|d,
lrtjg cGgk"0f{ e" kl/lwsf] sfo{nonfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ .

%= ;b:otf
z Afflif{s ? !))).)) z'Ns lt/L o; l/e/ j]l;gdf /x]sf ;fjp;x? of] sf]ifjf6 nfe
k|fKt ug]{ ;b:o x'g]5g\ .
z pQm /sd rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGt leq hDdf u/L ;f]sf] j}s ef}r/ ;DjlGwt
lhNnf dxf;+3df j'emfpg'kg{]5 / ;f]sf] dfGotf cfufld cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo ;Dd nfu'
x'g]5 .
z of] sf]ifdf cGo JolQm, ;d"x, ;+:yf / lgsfox?n] ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg ;Sg] 5g .

^= jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] lsl;d / /fxt k|fKt ug]{ cfwf/x? M

s_ dfgjLo Iflt M s'g} klg jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 x'g k'u]sf ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf
cfwf/df u / 3 ju{sf ljWfjf / ljb'/nfO{ sfo{ljlw adf]lhd /fxt /sd pknJw
u/fOg]5 .
v_ kz'wgsf] Iflt M jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L j:t'efpsf] d[To' ePdf o; sfo{ljlw
adf]lhd /fxt /sd pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
u_ vfBfGg afnLsf] IfltM s'g} klg jGohGt'n] vfBfGg afnL gf]S;fg u/]df d"NofÍgsf
cfwf/df /fxt /sd pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
5_ /fxt ljt/0fsf If]qx?M /fxt ljt/0fsf If]qx? tn tflnsf g+= ! df pNn]v ul/Psf]
5.

52 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

tflnsf g+= ! /fxt ljt/0fsf If]q

kz'wgsf] vfBGg afnLsf] ;fdfGo

jGohGt' dfgjLo Iflt ;Vt 3fOt] d[To'
Iflt Iflt 3fOt]
lrt'jf Kffpg] Kffpg] gKffpg] gKffpg] gKffpg] Kffpg]
jfFb/ gKffpg] gKffpg] Kffpg] gKffpg] gKffpg] gKffpg]
d[u gKffpg] gKffpg] Kffpg] gKffpg] gKffpg] gKffpg]
b'D;L gKffpg] gKffpg] Kffpg] gKffpg] gKffpg] gKffpg]

&= /fxt /sd k|fKt ug{sf nflu k|df0fx? k]z ug'{kg]{ M

/fxt /sd k|fKt ug{sf nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{ k|df0fx? tn tflnsf g+= @ df pNn]v ul/Psf]
5.
tflnsf g+= @= /fxt /sd k|fKt ug{sf nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{ k|df0fx?

vfBGg
k|df0f / k|s[lt dfgjLo Iflt kz'wgsf] Iflt ;fdfGo 3fOt] ;Vt 3fOt] d[To'
afnLsf] Iflt
lkl8t÷xsjfnfsf] 3 3 3 3 3 3
lgj]bg
;DjlGwt Ifltk'lt{ 3 3 3 3 3 3
D"fNofÍg ;ldltsf]
k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf]
l;kmfl/;

*= /fxt /sdsf] xb M
s_ dfgjLo Ifltsf] nfluM ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf cfwf/df u / 3 ju{sf jGohGt'sf]
cfqmd0faf6 x'g k'u]sf ljWfjf / ljb'/nfO{ ?= #),))).– -lt; xhf/_ /fxt /sd
pknAw u/fOg]5 .
v_ kz'wgsf] Ifltsf] nflu M
c_ jo:s e}+;L jf hf]Tg] pd]/sf] /f+uf] jf uf]? jf pGgthftsf] ufO{ jf ;fF8]sf]
d[To' ePdf ?=!%,))).–-kGw| xhf/_ ;Dd .
cf_ cGo kz'sf] nflu j:t'efpsf] k|sf/ x]/L k|]lift sfuhft / l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df
a9Ldf ?= !),))).– -bz xhf/_ ;Dd .
u_ vfBfGg afnLsf] Ifltsf] nflu M-!_ vfBfGg afnLsf] Ifltsf] If]qkmn / k|s[lt x]/L a9Ldf
?= !),))).– -bz xhf/_ ;Dd /fxt /sd pknJw u/fOg]5 . t/, Ps df};ddf
nufPsf] afnLsf] xsdf Ps k6s / aif{df b'O{ k6sdf ga9\g] u/L /fxt /sd pknAw
u/fOg]5 .

(= Ifltk'lt{ D"fNof°g ;ldlt

z ;fjp; cWoIf
z j8f cWoIf÷j8f gful/s d~rsf] ;+of]hs
z glhssf] k|f=ljsf] k|wfgfWofks
z o"jf Snj jf6 k|ltlglw -!_
z dlxnf k|ltlglw -!_

-gf]6 M olb s'g} JolQm dfly pNn]lvt kbx?df Ps eGbf j9L kbdf ePdf ;f]lx lgsfosf]
cGo k|ltlglw ;b:o x'g] _

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 53

 !)= /fxt dfu tyf /fxt ljt/0f ubf{sf] sfo{ljlw M
s_ /fxt ;xof]u dfu ug]{ JolQmn] 36gf 36]sf] ldltn] sDtLdf !% lbgleq ;DalGwt
Ifltk'lt{ D"fNofÍg ;ldltnfO{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
v_ o;/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf lgj]bgx? dfly ;DalGwt Ifltk'lt{ D"fNofÍg ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L
pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ /fxtsf] /sd ;DalGwt lhNnf km]sf]kmgsf] sfof{nodfkm{t /fxt
sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldtLnfO{ dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
u_ /fxt sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldtLaf6 /fxt /sd pknJw ePkl5 ;Dk'0f{ /fxft ljt/0fsf]
lhDd]jf/L ;DjlGwt ;fjp:f dfkm{t lkl8t÷xsjfnfnfO{ sDtLdf @ hgf ;fIfLsf]
/f]xa/df /fxt /sd e"QmfgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .
3_ ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf cfwf/df u / 3 ju{sf jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 x'g k'u]sf
ljwjf / ljb'/nfO{ /fxt lbg] 5 .
ª_ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd lat/0f ul/g] /fxt /sd r]s dfkm{t e"QmfgL ul/g] 5 .

!!= cg'udg ;DaGwL Aoj:yf M

jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt lgb]{lzsf @)^( klxnf] ;+;f]wg @)&@ sf] bkmf * adf]lhd
cg'udgsf] lhDd]jf/L If]lqo jg lgb]{zgfnonfO{ lbO{Psf] x'Fbf o; ;ldltn] If]qLo jg
lgb]{zgfno;Fu ;dGjo u/L u/fpg] .

54 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

dfgj–jGohGt'
åGå Joj:yfkg
sf]if ;~rfng
sfo{ljlw @)&#

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 55

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg
sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&#
k|:tfjgf M
h}ljs ljljwtf If]qdf g]kfnn] cu|0fL e'ldsf e'ldsf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . b]zsf] s'n e"–efusf]
emG8} $$=&$ k|ltzt jg If]qdWo] #!=#! k|ltzt e"–efu ;'/lIft If]q k|0ffnL leq /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo ;d'bfo / ;+/If0fsf] ;fe]mbf/ ;:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfaf6 h}ljs ljljwtf
;+/If0fdf dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw xfl;n ePsf 5g\ . o;af6 af3, u}8f / xfQL nufotsf] b'n{e
/ nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt'sf] ;+Vofdf pNn]Vo ?kdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . jGohGt'sf] ;+Vofdf cfPsf]
j[l4;Fu} Psflt/ dfgj–jGohGt' aLrsf] åGå Joj:yfkg / csf{]tk{m jGohGt'sf] rf]/L lzsf/
tyf jGohGt'sf cË–k|ToËsf] ca}w Jofkf/ Pj+ ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg
h:tf ;d:of / r'g}tL klg ylkPsf 5g\ .

dfgj–jGohGt'aLrsf] åGåsf sf/0f Psflt/ wghgsf] Iflt x'g] / csf{]lt/ jGohGt'k|lt x'g]
k|ltzf]wk"0f{ Jojxf/af6 jGohGt'nfO{ Iflt k'Ug] lqmofsnfk ;d]t x'b} cfPsf] cj:yf 5 .
dfgj–jGohGt'lar ljBdfg åGå Go"gLs/0f u/L ;x–cl:tTj sfod ug{] p2]Zon] ljleGg
lg/f]wfTds pkfo cjnDag ub{} jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] nflu /fxt ;xof]u lgb{]lzsf, @)^(
-klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&@_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/af6 jGohGt' kLl8tnfO{ /fxt ;xof]u pknAw
u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm d;:ofu|:t jGohGt' / Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfly{s
;|f]t, bIf hgzlQm / ;|f]t–;fwgsf] lbuf] Joj:yf ug{ cToGt h?/L b]lvPsf] jGohGt'aLr
;x–cl:tTj sfod ug{'sf ;fy} jGohGt' cfqmd0fdf k/L cËe+u ePsf tyf d[To' ePsf
JolQmsf cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{ tTsfn g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] /fxtsf cltl/Qm pgLx?sf]
hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u k'Ug] sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;DdfgLo k|wfgdGqLHo"sf] cWoIftfdf
ldlt @)&!÷)(÷)& df a;]sf] /fli6«o jf3 ;+/If0f ;ldlt, g]kfnsf] kfFrf} a}7ssf] lg0f{o
;d]tsf cfwf/df ædfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&#Æ hf/L
ul/Psf] 5 .

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M

!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd ædfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&#Æ
/x]sf] 5 .
@_ of] sfo{ljlw g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldltb]lv
nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff M
ljifo jf k|;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf,
s_ æsfo{ljlwÆ eGgfn] dfgj–jGohGt' 4G4 Joj:yfkg sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&#
;Demg' kb{5 .
v_ æsf]ifÆ eGgfn] dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]if ;Demg' kb{5 .
u_ æsf]if lgb{]zg ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf * adf]lhd jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf
;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
3_ æsf]if Jo:yfkg ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf ( adf]lhd /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf
sfo{sf/L lgb{]zssf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] ;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .
ª_ æ3fOt] tyf czQm jGohGt'Æ eGgfn] jGohGt'–jGohGt'aLrsf] åGå, dfgj–jGohGt'
åGå / rf]/L lzsf/Laf6 3fOt] tyf la/fdL jGohGt' ;Demg' kb{5 . ;
r_ æ6'x'/f jGohGt'Æ eGgfn] dfp;+u 5'l§P/ Jojfl/;] cj:yfdf k]mnf k/]sf jGohGt'sf
;fgf aRrf tyf cy{ jo:sx? ;Demg' kb{5 .
5_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno ;Demg' kb{5 .
h_ æ;d:of u|:t jGohGt'Æ eGgfn] dfgj j:tLdf cfO{ k6s–k6s wghgsf] Iflt
k'¥ofpg] jGohGt' ;Demg' kb{5 .

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 57

 #= p2]Zo M
o; sfo{ljlwsf] p2]Zox? lgDg adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!_ dfgj / jGohGt' ljrsf] åGå Go"gLs/0f tyf /f]syfd ug{ ;xof]u ug{] .
@_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p4f/, pkrf/ / Joj:yfkg u/L
dfgj–jGohGt'aLr ;x–cl:tj sfod ug{ ;xof]u ug{] .
#_ jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L cËe+u ePsf / d[To' ePsf JolQmsf cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{
tTsfn g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] /fxtsf cltl/Qm pgLx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u
k'Ug] sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{] .

$= dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfg sf]ifsf] cfDbfgLsf ;|f]tx? M

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]if ;~rfngsf nflu b]xfosf ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /sd hDdf
ul/g]5 .
s_ /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifaf6 k|fKt /sd .
v_ h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f If]qdf ;+nUg ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+w, ;+:yf /
bftfx?af6 k|fKt /sd .
u_ lghL If]qaf6 k|fKt /sd .
3_ jftfj/0fLo ;]jfaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .
ª_ cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf] cfDbfgLaf6 k|fKt x'g] * k|ltzt /sd .
r_ cGo ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /sd .

%= /sd a}+s vftfdf hDdf x'g] M

sf]ifsf] /sdsf] nflu a}+lsª Joj:yf lgDg adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]if ;~rfngsf] nflu Ps 5'§} vftf x'g]5 .
v_ g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 s au{sf] Ohfht k|fKt a}+sdf vftf vf]nL /sd hDdf ul/g]5 .
u_ sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdaf6 cflh{t Aofh ;d]t ;f]xL vftfdf hDd x'g]5 .

^= cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng M

cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng lgDg adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] cfly{s tyf k|zf;lgs ljlgod
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
v_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{], cfDbfgL vr{sf] lx;fa lstfj
;lxtsf] ;|]:tf /fVg], n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] nufotsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L /fli6«o k|s[lt
;+/If0f sf]ifsf] x'g]5 .
u_ sf]ifsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] sf]if lgb{]zg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z
ug{]5 .

&= dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]if ;~rfng If]q / ;Ldfx?

&=!= dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]ifsf] /sd lgDg zLif{sx?df vr{
ul/g]5 M
s_ dfgj / jGohGt' ljrsf] åGå Go"lgs/0f tyf /f]syfd ug{ kl/rfng ul/g]
sfo{qmdx?sf] vr{ .
v_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x?sf] p4f/, pkrf/ tyf Joj:yfkg
;DaGwL sfo{df nfUg] vr{ .
u_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x?sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{df
;+nUg sd{rf/Lx? 3fOt] ePdf pkrf/ ubf{ nfUg] vr{ .
3_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x?sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{df
;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf] oftfoft tyf b}lgs e|d0f eQf nufotsf vr{ .
ª_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x?sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{
ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg{] yk bIf dfgj ;|f]t lnbf nfUg] vr{ .
r_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x?sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{df
k|of]u x'g] cf}iflw, cf}hf/, pks/0f, oftfoft, jGohGt'sf] vfgf tyf cfjf;df

58 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

 nfUg] vr{x? .
5_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x?sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{df
k|of]u x'g] æjGohGt' p2f/ ;jf/L ;fwgÆ vl/b / To;sf] ;~rfngdf nfUg]
vr{ .
h_ jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 cËe+u ePsf / d[To' ePsf JolQmsf cfl>t
kl/jf/nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cltl/Qm hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u k'Ug]
sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ nfUg] vr{ .
em_ sf]ifsf ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ nfUg] k|zf;lgs vr{ .

&=@= dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] /sdsf]

;Ldf lgDg adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-;]tL hnfwf/ cGtu{t sf:sL / tgx'“sf] nflu_
s_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x?sf] p4f/, pkrf/sf nflu cj:yf
/ cf}lrTo x]/L Ps k6sdf @%,))).– -kRrL; xhf/ _ ;Dd .
v_ cf}iflw, pks/0f, vfgf / cfjf; vr{df Ps k6sdf ?=!),))).–-bz xhf/ _
;Dd .
u_ 6'x'/f, czQm, 3fOt] / ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x?sf] p4f/ / Joj:yfkg sfo{df
;+nUg sd{rf/Lx? 3fOt] ePdf pkrf/sf nflu cGo ;|f]taf6 gk'u ePdf
cj:yf / vf}lrTo x]/L ?=%),))).–-krf; xhf/ _ ;Dd .
3_ jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 cËe+u ePsf / d[To' ePsf JolQmsf cfl>t
kl/jf/nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] /fxtsf cltl/Qm pgLx?sf]
hLjLsfkfh{gdf ;xof]u k'Ug] sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ k|lt kl/jf/
?=%),))).–-krf; xhf/ _ ;Dd .
ª_ -s_, -v_, -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg jf3, xfQL, u}8f, lrt'jf,
lxplrt'jf, cgf{, efn' h:tf 7'nf lx+;|s jGohGt'sf] p2f/, pkrf/ tyf
Joj:yfkg ug{'kbf{ jf:tljs vr{ adf]lhd e'QmfgL ug{ afwf kg{]5}g .
r_ bkmf &=!= sf] -v_ adf]lhd 3fOt] ePsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf /fli6«o k|s[lt
;+/If0f sf]ifsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf b'3{6gf ladfn] pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
5_ bkmf &=!= sf] -3_ adf]lhd s/f/df lnOg] sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf
;'ljwf /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g / cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL
ljlgod adf]lhd x'g]5 .
h_ vr{ adf]lhdsf aLr ekf{Osf] ;Ssn} k|lt tyf cGo sfuhftx? ;DalGwt
sfof{no jf sd{rf/Ln] km:of{}6 ubf{sf avt a'emfpg'kg{]5 . To;sf cltl/Qm
;d:of ePsf] If]qdf k'uL p2f/ sfo{ ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft sfuhftx? ;d]t k]z
ug{' kg{]5 .
em_ dfgj / jGohGt' ljrsf] åGå Go"lgs/0f tyf /f]syfd ug{ kl/rfng ul/g] ;|f]t
Plsg ePsf sfo{qmdx? kl/rfng ug{sf] nflu dfly n]lvPsf] l;dfx?n] jfwf
kg{]5}g .

*= sf]if lgb{]zg ;ldlt M

!= bkmf ( adf]lhd ul7t sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ sf]if kl/rfng ;DaGwdf
dfu{lgb{]zg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps sf]if lgb{]zg ;ldlt /xg]5 .

s_ ;lrj, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno cWoIf

v_ ;b:o ;lrj, /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if ;b:o
u_ ;x;lrj, h}ljs, ljljwtf tyf jftfj/0f dxfzfvf, jg
tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno ;b:o
3_ dxflgb{]zs, jg ljefu ;b:o
ª_ dxflgb{]zs, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu ;b:o
r_ sf]ifdf ;xefuL ;+:yfx?dWo]af6 lgb{]zs ;ldltn] dgf]lgt
u/]sf a9Ldf @ hgf ;b:o
5_ sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs, /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if ;b:o ;lrj

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 59

 @_ lgb{]zg ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{df sDtLdf ! k6s a:g]5 . lgb{]zg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf
If]qLo jg lgb{]zsx? nufot s'g} lj1x?sf] ;xof]u cfjZos ePdf cfdGq0f ug{
;lsg]5 .
#_ ;xof]u /sd kl/rfng ;DaGwL ljjfbsf] clGtd lg?k0f lgb{]zg ;ldltn] ug{]5 .
$_ lgb{]zg ;ldltn] sf]if clea[l4sf nflu ljleGg ;3+, ;+:yf / lgsfoaf6 ;xof]u /sd
k|fKtLsf nflu kxn ug{]5 .

(= sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldlt M

!_ ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf, lgsfoaf6 ;xof]u /sd k|fKt ug{] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{ / sf]if
kl/rfng ;DaGwdf dfu{lgb{]z ug{sf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
/xg]5 .

s sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs, /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if ;+of]hs

v pk–;lrj, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f, of]hgf dxfzfvf ;b:o
u pk–;lrj jg ljefu ;b:o
3 pk–;lrj, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ;b:o
ljefu
ª /fli6«o k|f0fL pBfgn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw ;b:o
r n]vf k|d'v, /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if ;b:o
5 jl/i7 clws[t, /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if ;b:o–;lrj

@_ sf]if Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] j}7s sDtLdf # k6s j:g]5 .

#_ ;xof]u /sd kl/rfng ;DaGwL ljjfb ePdf clGtd lg0f{ofy{ lgb{]zg ;ldltdf k7fOg]
5.

60 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

 jGohGt'x?sf] d[To" tyf 3fO{t] ljj/0f
cj:yf
qm=;+= ldtL :yfg jGohGt'sf] gfd ;+Vof efn]÷kf]yL w6gfsf] sf/0f
-3fOt]÷d[To'_

cGgjfnLdf k"¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] ljj/0f

jGohGt'sf] cGgjfnL k'¥ofPsf] If]qkmn, ;dfwfgsf]
qm=;+= ldtL :yfg d'No -?_
gfd sf] ljj/0f Iflt /fkgL k|of;

rf}kfofnfO{ k"¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] ljj/0f

jGohGt'sf] rf}kfofsf] k'¥ofPsf] ;dfwfgsf]
qm=;+= ldtL :yfg ;+Vof d'No -?_
gfd ljj/0f Iflt k|of;

dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 61

 ef}lts Ifltsf] ljj/0f
jGohGt'sf] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf]ljj/0f ;dfwfgsf]
qm=;+= ldtL :yfg ef}lts Iflt
gfd -k'0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf_ k|of;

dfgljo Ifltsf] ljj/0f

jGohGt'sf] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] ljj/0f ;dfwfgsf]
qm=;+= ldtL :yfg dfgljo Iflt
gfd -3fOt], d[To'_ k|of;

62 dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

 k|sfzs M
8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn
kf]:6 aS; g+ &^^), afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}F, g]kfn
kmf]g M $$#$*@), Od]n M hariyobanprogram@wwfnepal.org
j]a;fO6 M www.wwfnepal.org/hariyobanprogram