‫بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم‬

Prepared and Arranged by

Ph.hussein karknawi

1
Introduction 5

Chapter 1. Cholinoceptor-Activating & Cholinesterase- 6

Inhibiting Drugs
Chapter 2. Cholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs 7

Chapter 3. Adrenoceptor Agonists & Sympathomimetic Drugs 8

Chapter 4. Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs 9

Chapter 5. Antihypertensive Agents 10

Chapter 6. Vasodilators & the Treatment of Angina 12

Pectoris
Chapter 7. Drugs Used in Heart Failure 13

Chapter 8. Agents Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias 15

Chapter 9. Diuretic Agents 16

Chapter 10.Histamine, Serotonin, & the Ergot Alkaloids 17

Chapter 11. The Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, 19

Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, & Related Compounds
Chapter 12. Nitric Oxide 19

Chapter 13. Drugs Used in Asthma 20

Chapter 14. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs 21

Chapter 15. The Alcohols 22

Chapter 16. Antiseizure Drugs 23

chapter 17 & chapter18. Anesthetics 24

2
Chapter 19. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 25

Chapter 20. Pharmacologic Management of 26

Parkinsonism & Other Movement Disorders
Chapter 21. Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium 27

Chapter 22. Antidepressant Agents 28

Chapter 23. Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists 29

Chapter 24. Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic 30

Growth Factors
Chapter 25. Drug used in disorder of coagulation 31

Chapter 26. Agents Used in Dyslipidemia 32

Chapter 27. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, 33

Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, Nonopioid
Analgesics, & Drugs Used in Gout
Chapter 28. Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones 34

Chapter 29. Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs 35

Chapter 30. Adrenocorticosteroids & Adrenocortical 36

Antagonis
Chapter 31. The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors 37

Chapter 32. Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs 38

Chapter 33. Agents that Affect Bone Mineral 39

Homeostasis
Chapter 34. Beta-Lactam & Other Cell Wall- & 40
Membrane-Active Antibiotics

3
Chapter 35. Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, 41
Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, & Oxazolidinones
Chapter 36. Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin 42

Chapter 37. Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, & Quinolones 43

Chapter 38. Antimycobacterial Drugs 44

Chapter 39. Antifungal Agents 45

Chapter 40. Antiviral Agents 46

Chapter 41. Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents; 47

Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
Chapter 42 & chapter 43. Anti Parasites 48

Chapter 42. Antiprotozoal Drugs 48

Chapter 43 Clinical Pharmacology of the Anthelminthic 48

Drugs
Chapter 44. Immunopharmacology 49

Chapter 45. Heavy Metal Intoxication & Chelators 50

Chapter 46. Drugs Used in the Treatment of 51

Gastrointestinal Diseases
the meaning of words 53

Reference 59

4
 : ‫المقدمة‬

‫بهذا البحث قسمت األدوية على حسب مجموعات األدويه على شكل مخططات لكي يسهل حفظها‬
‫للصيدلي مع عمل جدول لمعاني الكلمات ألهم المصلحات الطبية بعلم األدوية‬

Introduction :

In this research I have classified of drugs according to drugs

groups as a chart to be easy for the pharmacist to
memorize them and I have done a table for the meanings of
words for the most medical Idioms in pharmacology.

5
 Chapter 1. Cholinoceptor-Activating & Cholinesterase-
Inhibiting Drugs

Direct-Acting Cholinomimetics Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Acetylcholine Ambenonium
Bethanechol Demecarium
Carbachol Donepezil
Cevimeline Echothiophate
Pilocarpine Edrophonium
Varenicline Galantamine
Neostigmine
Physostigmine, eserine
Pyridostigmine
Rivastigmine
Tacrine

6
 Chapter 2. Cholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs

Antimuscarinic Anticholinergic Ganglion Blockers Cholinesterase

Drugs Regenerator

Atropine Mecamylamine Pralidoxime

Belladonna alkaloids Trimethaphan
Clidinium
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
Dicyclomine
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Glycopyrrolate
Homatropine
l-Hyoscyamine
Ipratropium
Mepenzolate
Methantheline
Methscopolamine
Oxybutynin
Propantheline
Scopolamine
Solifenacin
Tiotropium
Tolterodine
Tridihexethyl
Tropicamide
Trospium

7
 Chapter 3. Adrenoceptor Agonists & Sympathomimetic Drugs

Amphetamine, racemic mixture

Apraclonidine
Armodafinil
Brimonidine
Dexmedetomidine
Dexmethylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Dipivefrin
Dobutamine
Dopamine
Ephedrine
Epinephrine
Fenoldopam
Hydroxyamphetamine
Isoproterenol
Metaraminol
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
Midodrine
Modafinil
Naphazoline
Norepinephrine
Oxymetazoline
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine
Tetrahydrozoline
Tizanidine
Xylometazoline

8
 Chapter 4. Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs

ALPHA BLOCKERS BETA BLOCKERS TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE

INHIBITOR

Alfuzosin Acebutolol Metyrosine

Doxazosin Atenolol
Phenoxybenzamine Betaxolol
Phentolamine Bisoprolol
Prazosin Carteolol
Silodosin Carvedilol
Tamsulosin Esmolol
Terazosin Labetalol
Tolazoline Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Metoprolol
Nadolol
Nebivolol
Penbutolol
Pindolol
Propranolol
Sotalol
Timolol

9
 Chapter 5. Antihypertensive Agents

1)BETA-ADRENOCEPTOR 2)CENTRALLY ACTING 3)POSTGANGLIONIC

BLOCKERS SYMPATHOPLEGIC DRUGS SYMPATHETIC NERVE
TERMINAL BLOCKERS
Acebutolol Clonidine Guanadrel
Atenolol Guanabenz Guanethidine
Betaxolol Guanfacine Reserpine
Bisoprolol Methyldopa
Carteolol
Carvedilol
Esmolol
Labetalol
Metoprolol
Nadolol
Nebivolol
Penbutolol
Pindolol
Propranolol
Timolol

4)ALPHA1–SELECTIVE 5)GANGLION-BLOCKING 6)VASODILATORS

ADRENOCEPTOR BLOCKERS AGENTS USED IN HYPERTENSION

Doxazosin Mecamylamine Diazoxide

Prazosin Fenoldopam
Terazosin Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Nitroprusside

11
7)CALCIUM CHANNEL 8)ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING 9)ANGIOTENSIN
BLOCKERS ENZYME INHIBITORS RECEPTOR BLOC

Amlodipine Benazepril Candesartan

Clevidipine Captopril Eprosartan
Diltiazem Enalapril Irbesartan
Felodipine Fosinopril Losartan
Isradipine Lisinopril Olmesartan
Nicardipine Moexipril Telmisartan
Nifedipine Perindopril Valsartan
Nisoldipine Quinapril
Verapamil Ramipril
Trandolapril

10) RENIN INHIBITOR

Aliskirin

11
 Chapter 6. Vasodilators & the Treatment of Angina Pectoris

1)NITRATES & NITRITES 2)CALCIUM CHANNEL 3)BETA BLOCKERS

BLOCKERS

Amyl nitrite Amlodipine Acebutolol

Isosorbide dinitrate Clevidipine Atenolol
Isosorbide mononitrate Diltiazem Betaxolol
Nitroglycerin Felodipine Bisoprolol
Isradipine Carteolol
Nicardipine Carvedilol
Nifedipine Esmolol
Nisoldipine Labetalol
Verapamil Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Metoprolol
Nadolol
Nebivolol
Penbutolol
Pindolol
Propranolol
Sotalol
Timolol

4)METABOLISM MODIFIERS 5)DRUGS 6)DRUGS FOR PERIPHERAL

FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION ARTERY DISEASE

Ranolazine Sildenafil Cilostazol

Tadalafil Pentoxifylline
Vardenafil

12
 Chapter 7. Drugs Used in Heart Failure

1)DIURETICS 2)DIGITALIS 3)DIGITALIS ANTIBODY

Acetazolamide Digoxin Digoxin immune fab

Amiloride
Bendroflumethiazide
Brinzolamide
Bumetanide
Chlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Conivaptan
Demeclocycline
Dichlorphenamide
Dorzolamide
Eplerenone
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydroflumethiazide
Indapamide
Mannitol
Methazolamide
Methyclothiazide
Metolazone
Polythiazide
Quinethazone
Spironolactone
Torsemide
Triamterene
Trichlormethiazide

13
4)SYMPATHOMIMETICS MOST 5)ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING 6)ANGIOTENSIN
COMMONLY USED IN CONGESTIVE ENZYME INHIBITORS RECEPTOR
HEART FAILURE blocker

Dobutamine Benazepril Candesartan

Dopamine Captopril Eprosartan
Enalapril Irbesartan
Fosinopril Losartan
Lisinopril Olmesartan
Moexipril Telmisartan
Perindopril Valsartan
Quinapril
Ramipril
Trandolapril

7)BETA BLOCKERS THAT 8)ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS 9)OTHER DRUGS

HAVE REDUCED MORTALITY
IN HEART FAILURE
Bisoprolol Spironolactone Hydralazine
Carvedilol Eplerenone Isosorbide dinitrate
Metoprolol Nitroglycerine
BiDil
Inamrinone
Milrinone
Nesiritide
Bosentan

14
 Chapter 8. Agents Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias

1)SODIUM CHANNEL 2)BETA-BLOCKERS LABELED 3)ACTION POTENTIAL

BLOCKERS FOR USE AS ANTIARRHYTHMICS PROLONGING AGENTS

Disopyramide Acebutolol Amiodarone

Flecainide Esmolol Dofetilide
Lidocaine Propranolol Ibutilide
Mexiletine
Procainamide
Propafenone
Quinidine sulfate
Quinidine gluconate
Quinidine polygalacturonate

4)CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS 5)MISCELLANEOUS

Diltiazem Adenosine
Verapamil Magnesium sulfate

15
Chapter 9. Diuretic Agents

Acetazolamide
Amiloride
Bendroflumethiazide
Brinzolamide
Bumetanide
Chlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Conivaptan
Demeclocycline
Dichlorphenamide
Dorzolamide
Eplerenone
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydroflumethiazide
Indapamide
Mannitol
Methazolamide
Methyclothiazide
Metolazone
Polythiazide
Quinethazone
Spironolactone
Torsemide
Triamterene
Trichlormethiazide

16
 Chapter 10.Histamine, Serotonin, & the Ergot Alkaloids

1)ANTIHISTAMINES 2)H2 BLOCKERS 3)5-HT AGONISTS

(H1 BLOCKERS)

Azelastine Cimetidine Almotriptan

Brompheniramine Famotidine Eletriptan
Buclizine Nizatidine Frovatriptan
Carbinoxamine Ranitidine Naratriptan
Cetirizine Rizatriptan
Chlorpheniramine Sumatriptan
Clemastine Zolmitriptan
Cyclizine
Cyproheptadine
Desloratadine
Dexchlorpheniramine
Dimenhydrinate
Diphenhydramine
Emedastine
Epinastine
Fexofenadine
Hydroxyzine
Ketotifen
Levocabastine
Levocetirizine
Loratadine
Meclizine
Olopatadine
Phenindamine
Promethazine
Triprolidine

17
4)5-HT ANTAGONISTS 5)MELATONIN RECEPTOR 6)ERGOT ALKALOIDS
AGONISTS

Alosetron Ramelteon Dihydroergotamine

Dolasetron Ergonovine
Granisetron Ergotamine
Ondansetron Ergotamine tartrate
Methylergonovine
Palonosetron

18
Chapter 11. The Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins,
Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, & Related Compounds >

NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ARE LISTED IN

CHAPTER 36.

Alprostadil
Bimatoprost
Carboprost tromethamine
Dinoprostone
Epoprostenol
Iloprost
Latanoprost
Misoprostol
Montelukast
Travoprost
Treprostinil
Zafirlukast
Zileuton

Chapter 12. Nitric Oxide

Nitric Oxide

19
 *Chapter 13.Drugs Used in Asthma

1)SYMPATHOMIMETICS 2)AEROSOL 3)LEUKOTRIENE 4)CROMOLYN

USED IN ASTHMA CORTICOSTEROIDS INHIBITORS SODIUM

Albuterol Beclomethasone Montelukast cromolyn Na

Albuterol/Ipratropium Budesonide Zafirlukast
Arformoterol Flunisolide Zileuton
Bitolterol Fluticasone
Ephedrine Fluticasone/Salmeterol
Epinephrine Mometasone
Formoterol Triamcinolone
Isoetharine
Isoproterenol
Levalbuterol
Metaproterenol
Pirbuterol
Salmeterol
Salmeterol/Fluticasone
Terbutaline

5)METHYLXANTHINES 6)ANTIMUSCARINIC DRUGS 7)ANTIBODY

USED IN ASTHMA

Aminophylline Ipratropium Omalizumab

Theophylline Tiotropium
Dyphylline
Pentoxifylline

21
 Chapter 14. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

BENZODIAZEPINES BENZODIAZEPINE BARBITURATES MISCELLANEOUS

ANTAGONIST DRUGS

Alprazolam Flumazenil Amobarbital Buspirone

Chlordiazepoxide Mephobarbital Chloral hydrate
Clorazepate Pentobarbital Eszopiclone
Clonazepam Phenobarbital Hydroxyzine
Diazepam Secobarbital Meprobamate
Estazolam Paraldehyde
Flurazepam Ramelteon
Lorazepam Zaleplon
Midazolam Zolpidem
Oxazepam
Quazepam
Temazepam
Triazolam

21
 Chapter 15. The Alcohols

DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT DRUGS FOR DRUGS FOR THE

OF ACUTE ALCOHOL THE PREVENTION TREATMENT OF ACUTE
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME OF ALCOHOL ABUSE METHANOL OR ETHYLENE
GLYCOL POISONING

Diazepam Acamprosate Ethanol

Lorazepam Disulfiram Fomepizole
Oxazepam Naltrexone
Thiamine

22
 Chapter 16. Antiseizure Drugs

Carbamazepine
Clonazepam
Clorazepate dipotassium
Diazepam
Ethosuximide
Ethotoin
Felbamate
Fosphenytoin
Gabapentin
Lacosamide
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam
Lorazepam
Mephenytoin
Mephobarbital
Methsuximide
Oxcarbazepine
Pentobarbital sodium
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Pregabalin
Primidone
Tiagabine
Topiramate
Trimethadione
Valproic acid
Zonisamide

23
 Chapter 17& Chapter 18. Anesthetics

General Anesthetics Local Anesthetics

Desflurane Articaine
Dexmedetomidine Benzocaine
Diazepam Bupivacaine
Droperidol Chloroprocaine
Enflurane Cocaine
Etomidate Dibucaine
Fospropofol Dyclonine
Halothane Levobupivacaine
Isoflurane Lidocaine
Ketamine Lidocaine&
Lorazepam hydrocortisone
Methohexital Lidocaine& bupivacaine
Methoxyflurane Lidocaine&
Midazolam prilocaine eutectic
Nitrous oxide Mepivacaine
Propofol Pramoxine
Sevoflurane Prilocaine
Thiopental Procaine
Proparacaine
Ropivacaine
Tetracaine

24
 Chapter 19. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING MUSCLE RELAXANTS

DRUGS

Atracurium Baclofen
Cisatracurium Botulinum toxin type A
Doxacurium Botulinum toxin type B
Metocurine Carisoprodol
Mivacurium Chlorzoxazone
Pancuronium Cyclobenzaprine
Pipecuronium Dantrolene
Rocuronium Diazepam
Succinylcholine Gabapentin
Tubocurarine Metaxalone
Vecuronium Methocarbamol
Orphenadrine
Riluzole
Tizanidine

25
Chapter 20. Pharmacologic Management of Parkinsonism & Other
Movement Disorders

Amantadine
Apomorphine
Benztropine
Biperiden
Bromocriptine
Carbidopa
Carbidopa/levodopa
Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone
Entacapone
Levodopa
Orphenadrine
Penicillamine
Pergolide
Pramipexole
Procyclidine
Rasagiline
Ropinirole
Selegiline
Tetrabenazine
Tolcapone
Trientine
Trihexyphenidyl

26
 Chapter 21. Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium

Aripiprazole
Chlorpromazine
Clozapine
Fluphenazine
Fluphenazine decanoate
Haloperidol
Haloperidol ester
Loxapine
Molindone
Olanzapine
Paliperidone
Perphenazine
Pimozide
Prochlorperazine
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Thioridazine
Thiothixene
Trifluoperazine
Ziprasidone

2-MOOD STABILIZERS
Carbamazepine
Divalproex
Lamotrigine
Lithium carbonate
Topiramate
Valproic acid

27
 *Chapter 22. Antidepressant Agents

Selective Serotonin Selective Norepinephrine 5-HT2 Tetracyclic & Monoamine

Reuptake Inhibitors Reuptake Inhibitors Antagonists Unicyclic Agents Oxidase Inhibitors

Citalopram Desvenlafaxine Nefazodone Amoxipine Isocarboxazid

Escitalopram Duloxetine Trazodone Bupropion Phenelzine
Fluoxetine Venlafaxine Tricyclics Maprotiline Selegiline
Fluvoxamine Amitriptyline Mirtazapine Tranylcypromine
Paroxetine Amoxapine
Sertraline Clomipramine
Desipramine
Doxepin
Imipramine
Protriptyline
Trimipramine

28
 Chapter 23. Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists

ANALGESIC OPIOIDS OTHER ANALGESIC OPIOID ANTITUSSIVES

ANTAGONISTS

Alfentanil Tramadol Alvimopan Codeine

Buprenorphine Ziconotide Methylnaltrexone Dextromethorphan
Butorphanol Nalmefene
Codeine Naloxone
Fentanyl Naltrexone
Hydromorphone
Levomethadyl acetate
Levorphanol
Meperidine
Methadone
Morphine sulfate
Nalbuphine
Oxycodone
Oxymorphone
Pentazocine
Propoxyphene
Remifentanil
Sufentanil

*ANALGESIC COMBINATIONS
Codeine/acetaminophen
Codeine/aspirin
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen
Hydrocodone/ibuprofen
Oxycodone/acetaminophen
Oxycodone/aspirin
Propoxyphene/aspirin or Propoxyphene/acetaminophen

29
 Chapter 24. Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic Growth
Factors

Darbepoetin alfa
Deferasirox
Deferoxamine
Epoetin alfa (erythropoietin, EPO)
Epoetin beta (Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta)
Filgrastim (G-CSF)
Folic acid
Iron
Oprelvekin (IL-11)
Pegfilgrastim
Romiplostim
Sargramostim (GM-CSF)
Vitamin B12

31
 Chapter 25. Drug used in disorder of coagulation

Abciximab
Alteplase recombinant
Aminocaproic acid
Anisindione
Antihemophilic factor
Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex
Antithrombin III
Argatroban
Bivalirudin
Cilostazol
Clopidogrel
Coagulation factor VIIa recombinant
Dalteparin
Danaparoid
Dipyridamole
Enoxaparin
Eptifibatide
Factor VIIa: see Coagulation factor VIIa recombinant
Factor VIII: see Antihemophilic factor
Factor IX complex, human (AlphaNine SD, Bebulin VH, BeneFix*, Konyne
80, Mononine, Profilnine SD, Proplex T, Proplex
SX-T)
Fondaparinux
Heparin sodium
Lepirudin
Phytonadione [K1 ]
Protamine
Reteplase
Streptokinase
Tenecteplase
Ticlopidine
Tinzaparin
Tirofiban
Tranexamic acid
Urokinase
Warfarin

31
*Chapter 26. Agents Used in Dyslipidemia >

Atorvastatin
Cholestyramine
Colesevelam
Colestipol
Ezetimibe
Fenofibrate
Fluvastatin
Gemfibrozil
Lovastatin
Niacin, nicotinic acid, vitamin B3
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

COMBINATION TABLETS1

Simcor
Vytorin

32
 Chapter 27. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Disease-
Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, Nonopioid Analgesics, & Drugs
Used in Gout >

NONSTEROIDAL DISEASE-MODIFYING Nonopioid DRUGS USED

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ANTIRHEUMATIC Analgesics IN GOUT
DRUGS DRUGS

Aspirin Abatacept Acetaminophen Allopurinol

Bromfenac Adalimumab Colchicine
Celecoxib Auranofin Febuxostat
Choline salicylate Aurothioglucose Probenecid
Diclofenac Etanercept Sulfinpyrazone
Diflunisal Gold sodium thiomalate
Etodolac Infliximab
Fenoprofen Leflunomide
Flurbiprofen Methotrexate
Ibuprofen Penicillamine
Indomethacin Rituximab
Ketoprofen Sulfasalazine
Ketorolac tromethamine
Magnesium salicylate
Meclofenamate sodium
Mefenamic acid
Meloxicam
Nabumetone
Naproxen
Oxaprozin
Piroxicam
Salsalate, salicylsalicylic acid
Sodium salicylate
Sodium thiosalicylate
Sulindac
Suprofen
Tolmetin

33
 Chapter 28. Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones

Growth Hormone Gonadotropin Prolactin Vasopressin

Agonists & Antagonists Agonists & Antagonists Antagonists Agonists&Antagonist

Lanreotide acetate Abarelix Bromocriptine Conivaptan

Mecasermin rinfabate Cetrorelix Cabergoline Desmopressin
Mecasermin Choriogonadotropin alfa Oxytocin vasopressin
Octreotide Chorionic gonadotropin
Pegvisomant Follitropin alfa
Somatropin Follitropin beta
Ganirelix
Gonadorelin acetate
Gonadorelin hydrochloride
Goserelin
Histrelin acetate
Leuprolide
Lutropin [rLH]
Menotropins [hMG]
Nafarelin
Triptorelin
Urofollitropin

Other
Corticorelin ovine
Corticotropin
Cosyntropin
Thyrotropin alfa

34
 Chapter 29. Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs

Thyroid Agents Antithyroid Agents

Levothyroxine Radioactive iodine sodium

Liothyronine Methimazole
Liotrix Potassium iodide
Thyroid desiccated [USP] Propylthiouracil
Thyrotropin

35
 Chapter 30. Adrenocorticosteroids & Adrenocortical Antagonists

GLUCOCORTICOIDS FOR MINERALOCORTICOIDS ADRENAL STEROID

ORAL & PARENTERAL USE INHIBITORS

Betamethasone Fludrocortisone acetate Ketoconazole

Betamethasone sodium phosphate Mifepristone
Cortisone Mitotane
Dexamethasone Metyrapone
Dexamethasone acetate
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
Hydrocortisone [cortisol]
Hydrocortisone acetate
Hydrocortisone cypionate
Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate
Methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone acetate
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate
Prednisolone
Prednisolone acetate
Prednisolone sodium phosphate
Prednisone
Triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone hexacetonide

36
 Chapter 31. The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors

ESTROGENS PROGESTINS ANDROGENS & ANTAGONISTS &

ANABOLIC STEROIDS INHIBITORS

Conjugated estrogens Levonorgestrel Fluoxymesterone Anastrozole

Diethylstilbestrol Medroxyprogesterone Methyltestosteroe Bicalutamide
Esterified estrogens -acetate
Estradiol cypionate in oil Megestrol acetate Nandrolone decanoate Clomiphene
Estradiol Norethindrone acetate Oxandrolone Danazol
Estradiol transdermal Progesterone Oxymetholone Dutasteride
Estradiol valerate in oil Testosterone Exemestane
Estrone Testosterone cypionate Finasteride
Estropipate Testosterone enanthate Flutamide
in oil
Testosterone- Fulvestrant
transdermal system Letrozole
Testosterone pellets Mifepristone
Nilutamide
Raloxifene
Tamoxifen
Toremifene

37
 Chapter 32. Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs

1)SULFONYLUREAS 2)MEGLITINIDE & 3)BIGUANIDE 4)THIAZOLIDINEDIONE

RELATED DRUGS DERIVATIVES

CHLORPROPAMIDE REPAGLINIDE METFORMIN PIOGLITAZONE

GLIMEPIRIDE NATEGLINIDE ROSIGLITAZONE
GLIPIZIDE
GLYBURIDE
TOLAZAMIDE
TOLBUTAMIDE

*METFORMIN COMBINATIONS2 *THIAZOLIDINEDIONE COMBINATION

GLIPIZIDE PLUS METFORMIN ROSIGLITAZONE PLUS GLIMEPIRIDE

GLYBURIDE PLUS METFORMIN
ROSIGLITAZONE PLUS METFORMIN

ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE AMYLIN ANALOGS GLUCAGON DIPEPTIDEYL GLUCAGON

INHIBITORS LIKE POLYPEPTIDE-1 PEPTIDASE 4
ANALOGS INHIBITOR

ACARBOSE PRAMLINTIDE EXENATIDE SITAGLIPTIN GLUCAGON

MIGLITOL

38
 Chapter 33. Agents that Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis

VITAMIN D CALCIUM PHOSPHATE & OTHER DRUGS

METABOLITES & PHOSPHATE BINDER
ANALOGS

Calcitriol Calcium acetate Phosphate Alendronate

Cholecalciferol Calcium carbonate Sevelamer Calcitonin-Salmon
Doxercalciferol Calcium chloride Cinacalcet
Ergocalciferol Calcium citrate Etidronate
Paricalcitol Calcium glubionate Gallium nitrate
Calcium gluceptate Ibandronate
Calcium gluconate Pamidronate
Calcium lactate Plicamycin
Tricalcium phosphate Risedronate
Sodium fluoride
Teriparatide
Tiludronate
Zoledronic acid

39
 Chapter 34. Beta-Lactam & Other Cell Wall- & Membrane-Active
Antibiotics >

PENICILLINS CEPHALOSPORINS& INTERMEDIATE- BROAD- SPECTRUM CARBAPENEMS

OTHER BETA-LACTAM DRUGS SPECTRUM (THIRD & FOURTH &MONOBACTAM
NARROW-SPECTRUM (SECOND-GENERATION) GENERATION)
(FIRST-GENERATION) CEPHALOSPORINS
CEPHALOSPORINS

Amoxicillin Cefadroxil Cefaclor Cefdinir Aztreonam

Amoxicillin / Cefazolin Cefmetazole Cefditoren Ertapenem
potassium clavulanate Cephalexin Cefotetan Cefepime Imipenem/cilastatin
Ampicillin Cefoxitin Cefixime Meropenem
Ampicillin / Cefprozil Cefotaxime
sulbactam sodium Cefuroxime Cefpodoxime proxetil
Carbenicillin Loracarbef Ceftazidime
Dicloxacillin Ceftibuten
Nafcillin Ceftizoxime
Oxacillin Ceftriaxone
Penicillin G
Penicillin G benzathine
Penicillin G procaine
Penicillin V
Piperacillin
Piperacillin / tazobactam sodium
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin / clavulanate potassium

6-OTHER DRUGS DISCUSSED IN THIS CHAPTER

Cycloserine
Daptomycin
Fosfomycin
Vancomycin

41
 Chapter 35. Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin,
Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, & Oxazolidinones >

1-CHLORAMPHENICOL

Chloramphenicol

2-TETRACYCLINES

Demeclocycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline
Tigecycline

3-MACROLIDES

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

4-KETOLIDES

Telithromycin

5-LINCOMYCIN

Clindamycin

6-STREPTOGRAMINS

Quinupristin and dalfopristin

7-OXAZOLIDINONE

Linezolid

41
 Chapter 36. Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Kanamycin
Neomycin
Paromomycin
Spectinomycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin

42
 Chapter 37. Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, & Quinolones

GENERAL- SULFONAMIDES TRIMETHOPRIM PYRIMETHAMINE QUINOLONES &

PURPOSE SULFONAMIDES FOR FLUOROQUINOLONES
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Sulfadiazine Mafenide Trimethoprim Pyrimethamine Ciprofloxacin

Sisoxazole Silver sulfadiazine Trimethoprim- Pyrimethamine- Gemifloxacin
Sulfacetamide Na sulfamethoxazole sulfadoxine Levofloxacin
Lomefloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin

43
 Chapter 38. Antimycobacterial Drugs

DRUGS USED IN TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS USED IN LEPROSY

Aminosalicylate sodium Clofazimine

Capreomycin Dapsone
Cycloserine
Ethambutol
Ethionamide
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Rifabutin
Rifampin
Rifapentine
Streptomycin

44
 Chapter 39. Antifungal Agents

Anidulafungin
Amphotericin B
Butoconazole
Butenafine
Caspofungin
Clotrimazole
Econazole
Fluconazole
Flucytosine
Griseofulvin
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Micafungin
Naftifine
Natamycin
Nystatin
Oxiconazole
Posaconazole
Sulconazole
Terbinafine
Terconazole
Tioconazole
Tolnaftate
Voriconazole

45
Chapter 40. Antiviral Agents

Abacavir Ribavirin
Acyclovir Rifabutin
Adefovir Rimantadine
Amantadine Ritonavir
Amprenavir Saquinavir
Atazanavir Stavudine
Cidofovir Telbivudine
Darunavir Tenofovir
Delavirdine Tipranavir
Didanosine Trifluridine
Docosanol Valacyclovir
Efavirenz Valganciclovir
Emtricitabine Vidarabine
Enfuvirtide Zalcitabine
Entecavir Zanamivir
Etravirine Zidovudine
Famciclovir
Fomivirsen
Fosamprenavir
Foscarnet
Ganciclovir
Idoxuridine
Imiquimod
Indinavir
Interferon alfa-2a
alfa-2b
Interferon alfacon-1
Lamivudine
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Maraviroc
Nelfinavir
Nevirapine
Oseltamivir
Palivizumab
Peginterferon alfa-2a
Peginterferon alfa-2b
Penciclovir
Raltegravir

46
 Chapter 41. Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents;
Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants

DISINFECTANTS, ANTISEPTICS, & STERILANTS

Benzalkonium
Benzoyl peroxide
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Glutaraldehyde
Hexachlorophene
Iodine aqueous
Iodine tincture
Nitrofurazone
Ortho-phthalaldehyde
Povidone-iodine
Silver nitrate
Thimerosal

47
 Chapter 42 & Chapter 43. Anti Parasites

Antiprotozoal Drugs Antihelminthic Drugs

Albendazole Albendazole
Atovaquone Bithionol
Atovaquone-proguanil Diethylcarbamazine
Chloroquine Ivermectin
Doxycycline Mebendazole
Eflornithine Metrifonate
Halofantrine Niclosamide
Iodoquinol Oxamniquine
Mefloquine Oxantel pamoate
Melarsoprol Piperazine Praziquantel
Metronidazole Pyrantel pamoate
Nitazoxanide Suramin
Paromomycin Thiabendazole
Pentamidine
Primaquine
Pyrimethamine
Quinidine gluconate
Quinine
Sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine
Tinidazole

48
 Chapter 44. Immunopharmacology

Abatacept Rituximab
Abciximab Sirolimus
Adalimumab Tacrolimus[FK 506]
Alefacept Thalidomide
Alemtuzumab Trastuzumab
Anakinra
Antithymocyte globulin
Arcitumomab
Azathioprine
Basiliximab
Bevacizumab
Certolizumab
Cetuximab
Cyclosporine
Daclizumab
Etanercept
Gemtuzumab
Ibritumomab tiuxetan
Immune globulin intravenous [IGIV]
Infliximab
Interferon alfa-2a
Interferon alfa-2b
Interferon beta-1a
Interferon beta-1b
Interferon gamma-1b
Interleukin-2 [IL-2, aldesleukin]
Leflunomide
Lenolidomide
Lymphocyte immune globulin
Muromonab-CD3 [OKT3]
Mycophenolate mofetil
Omalizumab
Pegademase bovine
Pegaptanib
Peginterferon alfa-2a
Peginterferon alfa-2b
Ranibizumab
Rho(D) immune globulin micro-d

49
 Chapter 45. Heavy Metal Intoxication & Chelators

Deferasirox
Deferoxamine
Dimercaprol
Edetate calcium [calcium EDTA]
Penicillamine
Pentetate Calcium Trisodium ([calcium DTPA] and Pentetate Zinc Trisodium
[zinc DTPA])
Prussian Blue
Succimer
Unithiol

51
 Chapter 46. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal
Diseases

1) ANTI-PEPTIC ULCER 2)DRUGS FOR 3)ANTIDIARRHEAL 4)LAXATIVES

MOTILITY DISORDERS DRUGS DRUGS
SELECTED ANTIEMETICS

Al(OH)3 gel Alosetron C7H5BiO4 Methylcellulose

CaCO3 Dolasetron Difenoxin Psyllium
Combination Al(OH)3& Granisetron Diphenoxylate Alvimopa
Mg(OH)2 preparations Ondansetron Loperamide Bisacodyl
Cimetidine Palonosetron Cascara sagrada
Famotidine Aprepitant Docusate
Nizatidine Fosaprepitant Lactulose
Ranitidine Dronabinol Lubiprostone
Esomeprazole Metoclopramide Polycarbophil
Omeprazole Nabilone PEG-ES sol
Lansoprazole Prochlorperazine Senna
Pantoprazole Promethazine Sodium Phosphate
Rabeprazole Scopolamine
Misoprostol Tegaserod
Sucralfate Trimethobenzamide

51
5)ANTI-INFLAMMATORY 6)ANTICHOLINERGIC 7)DIGESTIVE 8)DRUGS THAT
DRUGS USED IN DRUGS ENZYMES DISSOLVE
GASTROINTESTINAL GALLSTONES
DISEASE

Balsalazide Atropine Pancrelipase Ursodiol

Budesonide Belladonna alkaloids-
Hydrocortisone tincture
Mesalamine Dicyclomine
Methylprednisolone Glycopyrrolate
Olsalazine Hyoscyamine
Sulfasalazine Scopolamine
Infliximab
Adalimumab
Certolizumab

52
‫‪* the meaning of words‬‬

‫‪Choline‬‬ ‫مركب قوي يتواجد بشكل واسع في األنسجه‬

‫الحيه ومهم في بناء وتركيب الدهون‬
‫‪Anticholinergic‬‬ ‫يثبط العمل الفسيولوجي ألستيل كولين‬
‫وخاصه باعتباره ناقل عصبي‬
‫‪Ganglion‬‬ ‫تركيب يحتوي على عدد من أجسام الخاليا‬
‫العصبية والتي عادة ماترتبط بالمشابك وغالبا‬
‫ماتكون تورما على األلياف العصبية‬

‫‪Agonist‬‬ ‫المادة التي ترتبط بالمستقبل وتعطي إستجابة‬

‫‪Antagonist‬‬ ‫المادة التي ترتبط بالمستقبل وتمنع اإلستجابة‬

‫‪Adrenal‬‬ ‫الغدة الكظرية المسؤولة عن إفراز الكرتيزون‬

‫‪Sympathomimetic‬‬ ‫دواء ينتج تأثيرات فسيولوجية مميزة للجهاز‬

‫العصبي الودي من خالل دعم تحفيز األعصاب‬
‫الودية وغالبا مايستخدم في إحتقان األنف‬

‫‪Alpha blocker‬‬ ‫فئة من األدوية الذي تمنع تحفيز مستقبالت‬

‫األدرينالية المسؤولة عن زيادة ضغط الدم‬

‫‪Beta blocker‬‬ ‫فئة من األدوية الذي تمنع تحفيز مستقبالت‬

‫األدرانية المسؤولة عن زيادة عمل القلب‬
‫تستخدم حويصالت بيتا بإدارة إيقاع القلب‬
‫ومعالجة الذبحة الصدرية وتقليل من إرتفاع‬
‫ضغط الدم‬

‫‪Tyrosine‬‬ ‫حمض أميني محب للماء وهو مكون لمعظم‬

‫البروتينات ومهم في تركيب بعض البروتينات‬

‫‪Hypertensive‬‬ ‫إرتفاع ضغط الدم‬

‫‪Sympathetic‬‬ ‫جزء من الجهاز العصبي الالإرادي يتكون من‬

‫األعصاب الناجمة عن العقد بالقرب من الجزء‬
‫األوسط من الحبل الشوكي‪ ،‬ويدعم األعضاء‬
‫الداخلية‪ ،‬واألوعية الدموية‪ ،‬والغدد‪ ،‬وتحقيق‬
‫التوازن في عمل األعصاب الحركية‬

‫‪53‬‬
‫‪Parasympathetic‬‬ ‫جزء من الجهاز العصبي التلقائي الذي يوازن‬
‫عمل األعصاب‪ .‬وهو يتألف من األعصاب التي‬
‫تنشأ من الدماغ والطرف السفلي من الحبل‬
‫الشوكي ويدعم األعضاء الداخلية‪ ،‬واألوعية‬
‫الدموية والغدد‬

‫‪Postganglionic sympathetic nerve‬‬ ‫تثبيط نهاية الجهاز العصبي السيمبيثاوي‬

‫‪terminal blocker‬‬ ‫الممتد من العقدة إلى العضو المستجيب‬

‫‪Ganglion‬‬ ‫كتلة عصبية‬

‫‪Angiotensin‬‬ ‫بروتين يميل لرفع ضغط الدم‬

‫‪Renin‬‬ ‫إنزيم يفرز ويخزن في الكلى مما يعزز إنتاج‬

‫بروتين أنجيوتنسين‪.‬‬

‫‪ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION‬‬ ‫ضعف اإلنتصاب للرجال‬

‫‪Vasodilator‬‬ ‫توسع األوعية الدموية‬

‫‪peripheral arterial disease‬‬ ‫مرض الشرايين الطرفية‬

‫‪Heart Failure‬‬ ‫الفشل القلبي‬

‫‪Diuretic‬‬ ‫مدر للبول‬

‫‪Digitalis‬‬ ‫دواء محضر من األوراق المجففة لقفاز‬

‫الثعلب ويحتوي على مواد‬
‫)‪(notably digoxin and digitoxin‬‬
‫تحفز عضلة القلب‬

‫‪Cardiac Arrhythmias‬‬ ‫عدم إنتظام دقات القلب‬

‫‪Histamine‬‬ ‫مركب تطلقه الخاليا استجابة لإلصابة وفي‬

‫تفاعالت الحساسية وااللتهابات ‪ ،‬مما يؤدي‬
‫إلى تقلص العضالت الملساء وتمدد الشعيرات‬
‫الدموية‬

‫‪Serotonin‬‬ ‫مركب موجود في الصفائح الدموية والمصل ‪،‬‬

‫مما يضيق األوعية الدموية ويعمل كناقل‬
‫عصبي‬
‫‪54‬‬
‫‪Ergot‬‬ ‫مرض فطري يصيب الجاودار والحبوب‬
‫األخرى التي تنمو فيها أجسام الفاكهة‬
‫السوداء الممدودة في آذان الحبوب‪ .‬يمكن أن‬
‫يؤدي تناول الطعام الملوث إلى اإلرغوت‬

‫‪Prostaglandins‬‬ ‫أي مجموعة من المركبات ذات تأثيرات‬

‫متباينة شبيهة بالهرمونات ‪ ،‬وال سيما تعزيز‬
‫تقلصات الرحم‬

‫‪Thromboxanes‬‬ ‫هرمون من نوع البروستاسكلين يفرز من‬

‫الصفائح الدموية‪ .‬يؤدي إلى تراكم الصفائح‬
‫الدموية وانقباض الشرايين‬

‫‪Asthma‬‬ ‫مرض الربو‬

‫‪Sympathomimetic‬‬ ‫دواء سيمباثوميمتك غالبا مايستخدم إلزالة‬

‫إحتقان األنف‬

‫‪Sedative-Hypnotic‬‬ ‫المهديء والمنوم‬

‫‪Seizure‬‬ ‫نوبة مرضية‬

‫‪Anesthetics‬‬ ‫مخدر‬

‫‪Skeletal Muscle Relaxant‬‬ ‫مرخي للعضالت الهيكلية‬

‫‪NEUROMUSCULAR‬‬ ‫عصب عضلي‬

‫‪Parkinsonism‬‬ ‫مرض الرعاش‬

‫‪Psychotic‬‬ ‫مرض الذهان‬

‫‪Depressant‬‬ ‫األكتئاب‬

‫‪Analgesic‬‬ ‫مسكن‬

‫‪disorder of coagulation‬‬ ‫إضطراب تجلط الدم (تغثر الدم)‬

‫‪Dyslipidemia‬‬ ‫عسر شحميات الدم‬

‫‪55‬‬
‫‪Anti-Inflammatory‬‬ ‫مضاد لإللتهاب‬

‫‪Antirheumatic‬‬ ‫مضاد للروماتيزم‬

‫‪GOUT‬‬ ‫داء المفاصل‬

‫‪Pituitary‬‬ ‫الغدة الصماء الرئيسية‪ .‬متصله بقاعدة الدماغ‬

‫‪،‬‬
‫والغدة النخامية مهمة في التحكم في النمو‬
‫والتطور وعمل الغدد الصماء األخرى‬

‫‪Gonadotropin‬‬ ‫أي مجموعة من الهرمونات التي تفرزها الغدة‬

‫النخامية والتي تحفز نشاط الغدد التناسلية‬

‫‪Gonadal Hormones‬‬ ‫الغدد التناسلية الهرمونية‬

‫‪ESTROGENS‬‬ ‫أي مجموعة من هرمونات الستيرويد التي‬

‫تعزز تطور والحفاظ على الخصائص األنثوية‬
‫للجسم‬

‫‪PROGESTINS‬‬ ‫هرمون ستيرويد طبيعي أو صناعي ‪ ،‬مثل‬

‫البروجسترون ‪ ،‬الذي يحافظ على الحمل‬
‫ويمنع المزيد من التبويض أثناء الحمل‪.‬‬

‫‪ANDROGENS‬‬ ‫منشط الذكورة‬

‫‪Antidiabetic‬‬ ‫مضاد لمرضى السكر‬

‫‪Bone Mineral Homeostasis‬‬ ‫توازن العظام المعدنية‬

‫‪Antibiotic‬‬ ‫مضاد حيوي‬

‫‪PENICILLIN‬‬ ‫مضاد حيوي أو مجموعة من المضادات‬

‫الحيوية تُنتَج بشكل طبيعي عن طريق بعض‬
‫أنواع العفن األزرق ‪ ،‬ويتم تحضيرها عادة‬
‫صناعيا‬

‫‪CEPHALOSPORINS‬‬ ‫أي مجموعة من المضادات الحيوية شبه‬

‫المصنعة واسعة الطيف تشبه البنسلين‬

‫‪56‬‬
‫‪SPECTRUM‬‬ ‫واسعة الطيف‬

‫‪CHLORAMPHENICOL‬‬ ‫مضاد حيوي يستخدم ضد االلتهابات الخطيرة‬

‫مثل حمى التيفوئيد‬

‫‪Tetracyclines‬‬ ‫أي مجموعة كبيرة من المضادات الحيوية ذات‬

‫التركيب الجزيئي الذي يحتوي على أربع‬
‫حلقات‬

‫‪MACROLIDES‬‬ ‫أي فئة من المضادات الحيوية التي تحتوي‬

‫على حلقة الالكتون ‪ ،‬وأولها وأشهرها هو‬
‫اإلريثروميسين‬

‫‪OXAZOLIDINONE‬‬ ‫أي فئة من المضادات الحيوية االصطناعية‬

‫التي تثبط تخليق البروتين ‪ ،‬وتستخدم ضد‬
‫البكتيريا موجبة الجرام‬

‫‪Spectinomycin‬‬ ‫المضادات الحيوية البكتيرية تستخدم كبديل‬

‫للبنسلين‬

‫‪Sulfonamide‬‬ ‫أي من فئة من العقاقير االصطناعية‪،‬‬

‫والمستمدة من سلفانيالميد‪ ،‬التي هي قادرة‬
‫على منع تكاثر بعض أنواع البكتيريا المسببة‬
‫لألمراض‬

‫‪Trimethoprim‬‬ ‫المضادات الحيوية االصطناعية المستخدمة‬

‫لعالج المالريا وأمراض الجهاز التنفسي‬
‫والتهابات المسالك البولية عادة بالتزامن مع‬
‫السلفوناميد‬

‫‪PYRIMETHAMINE‬‬ ‫مركب اصطناعي مشتق من بيريميدين ‪،‬‬

‫يستخدم لعالج المالريا‬

‫‪Quinolone‬‬ ‫أي فئة من المضادات الحيوية المستخدمة في‬

‫عالج مجموعة متنوعة من األمراض أساسا‬
‫سالبة الجرام‪ ،‬ويعتقد أن يكون مسؤوال عن‬
‫مقاومة المضادات الحيوية في بعض‬
‫الميكروبات‬

‫‪57‬‬
Antimycobacterial ‫مضاد للجراثيم‬

TUBERCULOSIS ‫مرض السل‬

LEPROSY ‫مرض الجذام‬

Fungal ‫فطر‬

Disinfectant – Antiseptic ‫مطهر‬

Sterilant
Parasites ‫طفيليات‬

Anthelminthic ‫ديدان‬

Heavy Metal Intoxication ‫تسمم المعادن الثقيلة‬

Gastrointestinal ‫الجهاز الهضمي‬

ANTI- PEPTIC ULCER ‫مضاد قرحة المعدة‬

ANTI- EMETIC ‫مضاد التقيؤ‬

ANTIDIARRHEAL ‫مضاد لإلسهال‬

LAXATIVE ‫ملين‬

ANTICHOLINERGIC ‫مضاد للحساسية (تثبيط العمل الفسيولوجي‬

)‫ خاصة كناقل عصبي‬، ‫لألستيل كولين‬

DIGESTIVE enzymes ‫إنزيمات هضمية‬

GALLSTONE ‫حصى بالمرارة‬

58
Reference
1- katzung basic and clinical pharmacology 11th edition

‫ في الهواتف الذكية الذي يحتوي‬Medscape ‫ينصح تحميل برنامج‬

‫ األثار الجانبيه‬-3 ‫ التفاعالت‬-2 ‫ الجرعه واإلستخدامات‬-1

‫ أثر الدواء غلى المرأه الحامل‬-5 ‫ موانع اإلستخدام‬-4
‫ آلية التفاعل واإلمتصاص واأليض واإلخراج وتوزيع الدواء و مدة فعالية الدواء‬-6

We recommend you to download Medscape App in your smartphones

which contains:
1. Doses and uses.
2. Interactions.
3. Side effects.
4. Contraindications.
5. Effects on Pregnancy.
6. Mechanism of Action, adsorption, metabolism, excretion, distribution of
the drug.

59