Table of Contents

Name of Topic Page Number

1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 History
1.1.3 Corrugation
1.2 Corrugated Iron (CI) Sheets in the Context of Bangladesh
1.3 Types of Corrugated Iron
1.3.1 Types Based on Thickness
1.4.1 Safety and storage
1.4.2 Quality control
1.4.3 Measurements
1.4.3.1 Local Measurements
1.5 Durability
1.6 Uses of Suitable Thicknesses
1.7 Comparison between the available data
1.7.1 Brands of Bangladesh
1.7.2 Retail Price (Per Van)
1.7.3 Price Comparison of Different Brands
1.2 Introduction
Corrugated iron or steel is a building material composed of sheets of hot-dip
galvanized mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear corrugated pattern in them.
By galvanizing, protection of the steel structures against corrosion resistance is
improved by numerous degrees of magnitude; the corrosion protection achieved by
zinc-based coatings is as a result of the galvanic effect, because zinc is anodic to
iron which make it acts a sacrificial metal in an aqueous or humid environment.
The most common method of zinc coating is the hot-dip process in which steel
sheet passes through a bath of molten zinc. The liquid zinc bonds to the iron in the
steel forming a protective layer on both sides of the sheet. Gauge indicates the
thickness of the sheet material. It is often stated as a number. The lower the gauge
number, the thicker the material. The exact thickness will depend on the type of
material such as stainless steel, or aluminum. In most cases, the lower gauge,
thicker material is a stronger, more durable product within the same type of
material. A material with a lower gauge number will weigh more, and may also be
more difficult for the installer to work with.

So, Corrugated Iron (CI) is a popular building material known for its durability,
strength, and versatility. It consists of sheets of galvanized steel with a distinctive
corrugated pattern. CI has been widely used in construction due to its resilience
against harsh weather conditions, making it an attractive choice for roofing and
siding applications.

1.1.2 History
Henry Robinson Palmer, architect and engineer to the London Dock Company,
was granted a patent in 1829 for "indented or corrugated metallic sheets". It was
originally made from wrought iron produced by puddling. It proved to be light,
strong, corrosion-resistant, and easily transported, and particularly lent itself to
prefabricated structures and improvisation by semi-skilled workers. It soon became
a common construction material in rural areas in the United States, Argentina,
Spain, New Zealand and Australia and later India, and in Australia and Argentina
also became (and remains) a common roofing material even in urban areas. In
Australia and New Zealand particularly it has become part of the cultural identity,
and fashionable architectural use has become common. CGI is also widely used as
building material in African slums and informal settlements.

1.1.3 Corrugation
The corrugations are described in terms of pitch (the distance between two crests)
and depth (the height from the top of a crest to the bottom of a trough). It is
important for the pitch and depth to be quite uniform, in order for the sheets to be
easily stackable for transport, and to overlap neatly when joining two sheets.
Pitches have ranged from 25 mm (1 inch) to 125 mm (5 inches).

It was once common for CGI used for vertical walls to have a shorter pitch and
depth than roofing CGI. This shorter pitched material was sometimes called
"rippled" instead of "corrugated". However nowadays, nearly all CGI produced has
the same pitch of 3 inches (76 mm).

A design of corrugated galvanized steel sheets "Prostar 21", used as formwork, has
21-millimeter-deep V-shaped pits.
1.2 Corrugated Iron (CI) Sheets in the Context of
Bangladesh
Corrugated Galvanized Iron (CGI) sheets hold significant importance in the
context of Bangladesh due to their widespread use in various sectors of the
economy. These sheets, made from galvanized steel, are known for their durability,
cost-effectiveness, and suitability for the country's climate and construction
practices. In Bangladesh, where weather extremes and economic considerations
play a crucial role, CGI sheets have become a staple material with diverse
applications.

 Cost-Effective Building Material:

CGI sheets are an economically viable option for construction in
Bangladesh, where affordability is a crucial factor. The cost-effectiveness of
these sheets allows for the construction of roofs and shelters that are both

durable and reasonably priced, making them accessible to a broad spectrum

of the population.
 Fig: Use of CI Sheet
 Resilience in Challenging Climate:
Bangladesh experiences a range of weather challenges, including heavy
monsoon rains, cyclones, and high humidity. CGI sheets are well-suited to
withstand these conditions due to their galvanized coating, which provides
corrosion resistance and prevents rust. Their corrugated design allows
rainwater to drain efficiently, reducing the risk of leaks and water-related
damage.

 Versatility in Applications:
CGI sheets find extensive use in Bangladesh beyond roofing. They are used
for constructing shelters, warehouses, agricultural structures, and even urban
infrastructure. Their lightweight nature and ease of installation make them a
preferred choice for various projects.

 Housing and Disaster Relief:

In a country prone to natural disasters like cyclones and flooding, CGI sheets
play a crucial role in disaster relief efforts. They are often used to quickly
provide temporary shelters and roofing solutions to affected communities,

offering protection and security during times of crisis.

 Fig: Use of CI Sheet For Relief Shelter
 Rural Development and Empowerment:
In rural areas of Bangladesh, CGI sheets contribute to improved living
conditions. They replace traditional thatch or bamboo roofing with more
durable and safer alternatives. This transition enhances the quality of life and
contributes to rural development.

 Local Manufacturing and Job Creation:

The production and distribution of CGI sheets create employment
opportunities in local manufacturing and distribution networks. This
contributes to economic growth and skill development in the region.

 Government Initiatives and NGO Projects:

Government initiatives and projects by non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) often involve the distribution of CGI sheets to improve housing
conditions in vulnerable communities. Such efforts contribute to poverty
alleviation and sustainable development.

 Challenges and Sustainability:

While CGI sheets offer numerous benefits, there are also challenges related
to waste management and long-term sustainability. As these sheets
eventually reach the end of their lifecycle, responsible disposal and recycling
practices become essential to mitigate environmental impacts.

In conclusion, Corrugated Galvanized Iron (CGI) sheets have become a

fundamental building material in Bangladesh due to their cost-effectiveness,
resilience in the face of challenging climate conditions, versatility, and
contributions to various aspects of economic and social development. As
Bangladesh continues to grow and evolve, CGI sheets are likely to remain a vital
component of its construction and development landscape.
1.3 Types of Corrugated Iron

There are several types of CI available based on factors such as thickness, profile,
and coating. The most common profiles include sinusoidal, trapezoidal, and box

Fig: Different Types of CI Sheets

profiles. Different profiles offer varying levels of strength and water drainage
capabilities. Additionally, coatings such as zinc, zinc-aluminum alloy, and color-
coated variants can enhance the CGI's resistance to corrosion and aesthetics.

1.3.1 Types Based on Thickness

1. Light Gauge CI Sheets:

 Thickness: Typically, 30 to 26 gauge (approximately 0.25 mm to 0.40

mm)
  Application: Used for lightweight structures like sheds, small shelters,
and temporary constructions.

2. Medium Gauge CI Sheets:

 Thickness: Usually 24 to 20 gauge (approximately 0.50 mm to 0.80

mm)

 Application: Suitable for residential roofing, agricultural structures,

and non-industrial applications.

3. Heavy Gauge CI Sheets:

 Thickness: Ranges from 18 to 12 gauge (approximately 1.00 mm to

2.03 mm)

 Application: Used for commercial buildings, industrial structures,

security fencing, and areas where extra durability and strength are
required.

1.3.2 Types Based on Coating

1. Galvanized CI Sheets:

 Coating: Zinc

 Application: Galvanized CI sheets are widely used for various

applications due to their corrosion resistance. They are used in
roofing, siding, fencing, and agricultural structures.

2. Galvalume CI Sheets:

 Coating: Combination of aluminum, zinc, and silicon

  Application: Galvalume CI sheets offer enhanced corrosion resistance
and are suitable for coastal areas and environments with high
humidity.

3. Color-Coated CI Sheets:

 Coating: Polymer-based color coatings

 Application: Color-coated CI sheets are used for aesthetic purposes,

allowing for customized colors and designs. They find application in
commercial buildings, residential roofing, and decorative structures.

4. Bare CI Sheets:

 Coating: None

 Application: Bare CI sheets are used in applications where the

aesthetic appearance is not a priority, such as temporary structures or
industrial enclosures.

5. Painted CI Sheets:

 Coating: Paint

 Application: Painted CI sheets are coated with a layer of paint for

additional protection and aesthetics. They are used in roofing, siding,
and various architectural applications.

6. Anti-Corrosion Coated CI Sheets:

 Coating: Specialized anti-corrosion coatings

 Application: These CI sheets are designed for environments with high

levels of corrosive agents, such as chemical processing facilities or
areas with heavy industrial pollution.

It's important to note that the availability of different types of CI sheets might vary
based on regional manufacturers and market demand. When selecting CI sheets for
a specific project, considering both the thickness and coating type is essential to
ensure the sheets meet the required performance criteria for the intended
application.
1.4.1 Safety and storage
Always use gloves and hard shoes while manipulating CGI sheets.
Store in a dry and ventilated area. Avoid condensation. Place the CGI sheets on a
wooden pallet and ensure that there is a slight slope. These measures will help in
avoiding white rust

1.4.2 Quality control

When purchasing CGI sheets, it is recommended to go to the suppliers with a
caliper gauge and a coating thickness gauge in hand, in order to verify the quality
of the CGI sheets on the spot. This way we may avoid disappointments.
 The thickness of the CGI sheet can be verified using a caliper gauge .
 The zinc coating thickness can be verified using a coating thickness gauge or
magnetometer, which measures the thickness of the zinc coating applied to
the CGI sheet.
Both verifications are crucial to ensure the durability and strength of the CGI
sheets.

1.4.3 Measurements
Corrugated Iron (CI) sheets are available in various gauges, which determine their
thickness. The gauge measurement is often denoted by a numerical value, with a
lower number indicating a thicker sheet. Here's a general guide to CI sheet gauge
measurements for different thicknesses:

1. 30 Gauge: Approximately 0.25 mm thick

2. 28 Gauge: Approximately 0.32 mm thick

3. 26 Gauge: Approximately 0.40 mm thick

4. 24 Gauge: Approximately 0.50 mm thick

5. 22 Gauge: Approximately 0.60 mm thick

6. 20 Gauge: Approximately 0.80 mm thick

7. 18 Gauge: Approximately 1.00 mm thick

8. 16 Gauge: Approximately 1.27 mm thick

9. 14 Gauge: Approximately 1.63 mm thick

10.12 Gauge: Approximately 2.03 mm thick

Please note that these measurements are approximate and can vary slightly based
on manufacturing standards and the specific type of corrugated iron sheet.
Different regions and manufacturers might have variations in gauge measurements,
so it's always best to verify with the manufacturer or supplier for precise
measurements

1.4.3.1 Local Measurements

In the local market, the predominant method of selling Corrugated Iron (CI Sheet)
involves utilizing distinct thicknesses and lengths, quantified by a local unit known
as a 'Van.' A 'Van' corresponds to 72 feet of CI sheet or a sheet of 24-gauge
thickness.

For CI sheets with an 8-foot length (across all thickness variations): The quantity
of sheets per 'Van' is calculated as (72 feet / 8 feet) = 9 sheets.

For CI sheets spanning 10 feet in length (irrespective of thickness): The number of

sheets per 'Van' is derived as (72 feet / 10 feet) = 7 sheets.

For CI sheets measuring 12 feet in length (for all thickness categories): The
quantity of sheets per 'Van' is established as (72 feet / 12 feet) = 6 sheets.
The pricing structure for a particular thickness of CI sheets from a specific brand is
predominantly given per 'Van.' The cost per 'Van' varies based on the thickness of
the sheets and the brand offering them.

1.5 Durability

Zinc coating thickness and method of galvanization are the most important factors
for durability. CGI sheets are protected from corrosion by a zinc coating applied to
the steel sheet.

The zinc coating should be thick enough to ensure the durability of the CGI sheet
by preventing corrosion. A 20 µm coat of zinc should be applied per side of the
CGI sheet (total of 40µm for both sides of the CGI sheet equivalent to 275g/m²).
This coating can be exceptionally lowered to 240g/m² when higher grade is not
available.

The galvanization method used must be hot-dip galvanization as it better ensures

the durability of the CGI sheets. Other methods such as electro-galvanization
should be avoided because the coating thickness is thinner than hot-dip
galvanization and the durability of the CGI sheet will be reduced, as a result.
(Example: Electro-galvanized has a great finish but the zinc coating thickness can
be 10 times lower than that of hot-dip galvanized, which means that in less than
one year the CGI sheets lose their protection and corrosion starts).

It is possible to increase the zinc coating thickness in order to increase the service
life (durability) of the CGI sheets.
In a marine environment (within 1 km of the coast), CGI sheets can be painted
with zinc-rich paint to increase service life. More details are provided in the CGI
sheet roof covering manual (link to be included).
Other metal and alloys such as aluminum-zinc and aluminum can also be used to
protect the steel sheet from corrosion. Aluminum coating can be an alternative in
very high corrosive environments (marine environment).

1.6 Uses of Suitable Thicknesses

Different thicknesses of Corrugated Iron (CI) sheets are used for various purposes
based on the specific requirements of the application. The choice of thickness
depends on factors such as structural integrity, load-bearing capacity, durability,
and the intended use. Here are some common uses of different thicknesses of CI
sheets:
1. Roofing:
Light Roofing (Sheds, Small Structures): Thinner CI sheets (30 to 26
gauge) can be used for lightweight roofing structures like sheds,
carports, and small storage areas. They offer protection from rain and
sunlight.
Residential Roofing: For residential roofing, slightly thicker CI sheets
(24 to 20 gauge) are used. These provide better durability and
protection against weather conditions.
2. Commercial and Industrial Buildings:
Warehouses and Factories: CI sheets ranging from 24 to 18 gauge are
commonly used for roofing and siding of commercial and industrial
buildings. These gauges offer sufficient strength to withstand the
elements and occasional impacts.
3. Agricultural Structures:
 Barns and Agricultural Shelters: CI sheets in the range of 26 to 18 gauge
are suitable for roofing and siding agricultural structures. Thicker
gauges ensure better protection for livestock and equipment.
4. Construction and Housing:
Low-Income Housing: Thinner CI sheets (30 to 26 gauge) are used for
roofing low-income housing structures due to their cost-effectiveness
while providing basic shelter.
Standard Residential Housing: CI sheets between 24 and 20 gauge are
commonly used for standard residential housing, offering a balance of
durability and cost.
5. Fencing and Enclosures:
Perimeter Fencing: Thinner CI sheets (30 to 26 gauge) can be used for
simple perimeter fencing and enclosures.
Security Fencing: Thicker CI sheets (24 to 18 gauge) are used for
security fencing applications, providing better resistance against
tampering and intrusion.
6. Emergency Shelters:
Temporary Shelters: In emergency situations, thinner CI sheets (30 to 28
gauge) can be used for quickly assembling temporary shelters to
provide immediate protection.
7. Disaster Relief:
Temporary Housing: Thicker CI sheets (24 to 18 gauge) are used to
construct temporary housing structures during disaster relief efforts,
ensuring durability and protection.
8. Industrial Applications:
Machine Enclosures: Thicker CI sheets (24 to 18 gauge) are used to
create enclosures for industrial machinery, providing protection and
safety.
It's important to note that these are general guidelines, and the specific
requirements of each project should be taken into consideration. Factors like local
weather conditions, expected loads, aesthetics, and budget constraints will
influence the choice of CI sheet thickness. Consulting with professionals and
manufacturers can help ensure the right thickness for a given application.

1.7 Comparison between the available data:

1.7.1 Brands of Bangladesh

Brand Name Product Specification

PHP Family (PHP 1.PHP Arabian Horse Thickness range: 0.120
Group) Super Dhew Tin mm to 0.510 mm,
Width Range: 762 mm to
2.PHP Arabian Horse 914 mm.
Colour Dhew Tin Length of Sheet: 6 feet to
10 feet
Coil Weight: 4 to 6MT
Bundle weight: 3MT

Abul Khair Steel 1.Goru Marka Dhew Tin Thickness range: 0.120
mm to 0.510 mm,
Width Range: 762 mm to
2.Cow Brand Color 914 mm.
Coated Steel Length of Sheet: 6 feet to
10 feet
Coil Weight: 4 to 6MT
Bundle weight: 3MT

Galco Steel 1.Corrugated Galvanized Thickness range: 0.120

 Iron Sheets mm to 0.510 mm,
Width Range: 762 mm to
2.Galco Color Coated 914 mm.
steel Length of Sheet: 6 feet to
10 feet

1.7.2 Retail Price (Per Van)

 PHP Arabian Horse Super Dhew Tin

Name of the Shops

Thicknes M/S M/S M/S M/S New Average

Molla Kabir Taniya Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Price
s Enterprise Enterprise Traders & Sons Steel
(mm) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van) (Tk/van) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van)

.25 7800 7600 7800 7800 7800 7800

.32 8700 8700 8500 8800 8700 8700

.36 9500 9700 9600 9500 9400 9500

.42 11500 11800 11400 11400 11400 11500

.46 12500 12600 12300 12500 12600 12500

 AKS Goru Marka Dhew Tin

Name of the Shops

Thicknes M/S M/S M/S M/S New Average

Molla Kabir Taniya Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Price
s Enterprise Enterprise Traders & Sons Steel
(mm) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van) (Tk/van) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van)
 .25 7000 7200 7000 6900 6900 7000

.32 8300 8200 8400 8300 8400 8300

.36 9000 9100 9200 8900 8800 9000

.42 11000 11200 10900 10900 11000 11000

.46 12000 12050 11900 12050 12000 12000

 Galco Corrugated Galvanized Iron Sheets

 Name of the Shops

Thicknes M/S M/S M/S M/S New Average

Molla Kabir Taniya Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Price
s Enterprise Enterprise Traders & Sons Steel
(mm) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van) (Tk/van) ( Tk/van) ( Tk/van)

.25 6800 6800 6900 6700 6800 6800

.32 7800 7600 7900 7800 7900 7800

.36 8500 8200 8600 8700 8500 8500

.42 10000 10500 9500 9500 10500 10000

.46 11000 11300 11200 10500 11000 11000

1.7.3 Price Comparison of Different Brands

Fig: Price Comparison Between Different Brands
 Price OF CI Sheet Based on Brands and Thickness

14000

12000

10000

8000
Price(TK)

6000

4000

2000

0
PHP Arabian HORSE AKS Goru Marka Galco CI Steel
SUPER

Thickness
25 mm 32mm 36mm 42mm 46mm

Fig: Price OF CI Sheet

Based on Brands and Thickness
 Retail Price Variations on Different Locations For Php horse
super

55000

12500 12600 12600

45000

11500 11400 11800

35000

9500 9400 9600

25000

8700 8700 8700

15000

7800 7800 7600

5000

Noya-Bazar Mirpur Vashantech

25 mm 7800 7800 7600
32 mm 8700 8700 8700
36 mm 9500 9400 9600
42 mm 11500 11400 11800
46 mm 12500 12600 12600

25 mm 32 mm 36 mm 42 mm 46 mm

Fig: Retail Price Variations on Different Locations For PHP Horse Super
Collected Visiting Cards
Collected Cash Memos
 References
1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrugated_galvanised_iron
2 https://kviconline.gov.in/pmegp/pmegpweb/docs/commonprojectprofile/
GALVENIZEDIRONROOFINGSHEETS.pdf
3 http://abulkhairsteel.com/goru-marka/
4 https://phpfamily.com/businesses/steel/products/
5 https://www.academia.edu/11897561/
Exploring_New_Methods_of_Construction_with_Sustainable_Materials_in_Rural_Bangla
desh